Mossy fibers (axons arising from dentate granule cells) form large synaptic contacts exclusively onto the proximal apical dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons. They can generate large synaptic currents that occur in close proximity to the soma. These properties mean that active conductance in the proximal apical dendrite could have a disproportionate influence on CA3 pyramidal neuron excitability. Ni2+‐sensitive T‐type Ca2+ channels are important modulators of dendritic excitability. Here, we use an optical approach to determine the contribution of Ni2+ (100 μM)‐sensitive Ca2+ channels to action potential (AP) elicited Ca2+ flux in the soma, proximal apical and distal apical dendrites. At resting membrane potentials Ni2+‐sensitive Ca2+ channels do not contribute to the Ca2+ signal in the proximal apical dendrite, but do contribute in the other cell regions. Spontaneous release from mossy fiber terminals acting on 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX)‐sensitive postsynaptic channels underlies a tonic inhibition of Ni2+‐sensitive channels. Chelating Zn2+ with CaEDTA blocks CNQX‐sensitive changes in Ca2+ flux implicating a mechanistic role of this ion in T‐type Ca2+ channel block. To test if this inhibition influenced excitability, progressively larger depolarizing pulses were delivered to CA3 pyramidal neurons. CNQX significantly reduced the size of the depolarizing step required to generate APs and increased the absolute number of APs per depolarizing step. This change in AP firing was completely reversed by the addition of Ni2+. This mechanism may reduce the impact of T‐type Ca2+ channels in a region where large synaptic events are common. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Measurement of contained force in railroad rails is among the most significant issues in rail safety and track maintenance management, with implications for operation of high speed passenger trains on freight railroad trackage. Current techniques for that measurement are imprecise, time consuming, and expensive. This project develops a new technique, using rail vibrations and laser vibrometry, for the measurement of contained rail force. The project has developed a finite element code ancillary to the technique, it has numerically simulated the measurement procedure to elucidate practical issues that may arise, and it has demonstrated the ability of the technique to infer load in laboratory and test-bay settings. Preliminary field tests have also been conducted. We have shown that the proposed technique can be used to accurately measure contained load in rail. We have discovered, and illustrated, a number of aspects that must be (and now largely are) understood and accounted for before the concept can be used in the field. This report summarizes the results of the and concludes with recommendations for further development and a summary of the final panel discussions.


Entraining air in dry concretes is a critical problem. Freeze-thaw (F-T) resistance requires concrete to possess a certain configuration of air content for providing adequate durability and performance. Research in the past has not explicitly explored the possibility of entraining air in roller-compacted concrete (RCC) over a wide range of cement contents. In addition, subjective data on the F-T resistance of RCC limit the wide-scale acceptance and application of RCC for pavements. This paper illustrates the possibility of entraining air in RCC. Eight comparable mixes were cast over a wide range of cement contents to understand the effects of changing the cement content on the air entrainment and microstructure. The applications include pavement bases and wearing courses. Laboratory prepared mixes were used in extracting helpful scanning electron microscope (SEM) specimens. The paper discusses the features of entrained air, including its size distribution and shapes seen under the SEM. A special software comparable to automated ASTM C 457 was used, and the mixes were analyzed for air entrainment. Results from ASTM C 457 are discussed. It was observed that irrespective of the cement contents, air can be successfully entrained in RCC. The performances of the RCC mixes for the F-T durability are also discussed in the paper.


1. The Employment and Growth Challenges Economic growth and employment creation are the twin horns of not just the European dilemma but of what looms as the major challenge confronting the West. Unemployment in the European Union is twice as high as that in Japan and the U.S. together. Over 11 percent of the work force in the European Union was unemployed in 1996, ranging from 3.3 percent in Luxembourg and 4.4 percent in Austria and to 15.3 percent in Finland and over 20 percent in Spain. Germany, Europe's biggest labor market, experienced 9 percent unemployment, a number that has kept growing fast. Individual countries have responded to the twin horns of the growthemployment dilemma with a broad spectrum of policy approaches. Led by France and Germany, continental European countries have generally pursued policies of maintaining the status quo, while the United Kingdom and the Netherlands have been bolder at reducing the role of the state. The continued rising unemployment coupled with moderate growth in Europe has triggered a plea by policy makers for rethinking the policy approach that ushered in European prosperity during the post-war era. The resulting policy debate has been cast in terms of an inevitable tradeoff between greater employment but at the sacrifice of lower wages on the one hand, versus the maintenance of wages and living standards but at the cost of less employment on the other. According to this debate, the Anglo-American solution has been the former, while the continental Europeans have chosen the latter. The purpose of this book is to suggest that this policy debate has been miscast. There is an alternative. This alternative involves structural change, and in particular shifting economic activity out of traditional moderate-technology industries and into new emerging knowledge-based industries. In other words, it involves innovation, industry evolution and their consequences for employment development.


Facing the present situation of the current employment problem of university graduates and the poor learning situation, this paper attempts to start from the perspective of social network effects, employment competitiveness of college students interpersonal network and learning to promote the structural characteristics of the network inquiry. Research through questionnaire survey and interviews to collect information and build a network of relationships, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, with the aid of the UCINET social network analysis software to analyze the influence degree of relationship types and corresponding network effects, achieve the visual description of the topological structure on the network. Besides, the research measured the degree based on social network analysis methods, analyzes the net's cohesive subgroups with algorithm of factions and clique. The study found that college students employment competitiveness promoting interpersonal network and learning promoting interpersonal network are largely coincides in the matter of the influence of relationship types, the impact strength and the network nodes; school teachers and students relations, alumni relations and parent-child relationship play a huge role in the two types of networks.


This paper deals with the operating characteristics of linear induction motor (LIM) driven by space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) inverter according to reference scenario for speed control. Since the speed of LIM can be controlled by voltage and frequency variation, this paper constructed a variable voltage variable frequency (VVVF) controller based on digital signal processor (DSP). With suggested algorithm, the reference is modulated to control speed, and its related operating characteristics are analyzed. In addition, to improve the starting propulsion force maintaining stable acceleration characteristics, the boosted voltage/frequency ratio is suggested according to speed variation.


The authors show that the anti-inflammatory effects of clodronate liposomes do not result from the depletion of mononuclear phagocytes but from a functional stunning of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. These findings necessitate a critical revision of the current literature on the role of monocytes and macrophages in inflammation.


In recent years, academic publishing has seen an explosion of works for librarians on information literacy instruction, yet surprisingly few book-length works have emerged presenting instructional design principles from within the field of library and information science (LIS). Melissa A. Wong, an adjunct instructor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Graduate School of Library and Information Science, has sought to fill that gap with a well-organized and informative book presenting both the theoretical context and practical applications of learning theory to the design of library and information science courses. The book is targeted at librarians and information science professionals teaching graduate courses in library and information science; it is thus an important acquisition for those involved in LIS education. In addition, the explanations and descriptions of theories, best practices, and common challenges of teaching more generally, alongside numerous practical examples and helpful reading suggestions, make this book extremely valuable as an instructional design textbook or reference resource for graduate students or early-career instruction librarians. What is more, Instructional Design for LIS Professionals gives equal attention to the design of online and in-person instruction, which makes the text an important addition to the extant instructional design literature geared toward librarians, which has tended to focus more heavily on in-person modalities.


The article represents the analysis of the ethnic and confessional structure of the Kama-Vyatka region population in the nineteenth century. Statistic data for rural areas, county towns and factory towns are compared in the article. On the basis of the obtained data the authors drаw a conclusion that the population of cities Sarapul, Malmyzh, Elabuga, Glazov, as well as of villages of private and public factories in the region was predominantly Orthodox Russians. The ethnic and religious composition of the rural population was much more diverse. In addition to the Russian Orthodox there were significant number of Udmurts (Orthodox and pagans) and Tatars (both Christian and Muslims) among the inhabitants of the rural areas. On the basis of this analysis the authors come to the conclusion that the local society formation with the predominance of the Russian Orthodox tradition was attended by the representatives of various national and religious groups. The study of ethnic and confessional structure in its dynamics showed that by the end of the investigated period the share of non-Russian and non-Orthodox population in urban and industrial environment (unlike rural areas) had significantly increased.


LBL-10086 g^^^r-^UhaL-- l £ £ Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Accelerator & Fusion Research Division Presented at IEEE 8th Symposium on Engineering Problems of Fusion Research, San Francisco, CA, November 13-16, 1979; also to be published in the Proceedings of the IEEE 8th Symposium DEVELOPMENT OF 120 keV NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTORS K. H. Berkner, C. F. Burrell, W. S. Cooper, K. W. Ehlers, A. F. Lietzke, H. M. Owren, J. A. Paterson, R. V. Pyle, and J. W. Stearns November 1979 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-48 D;.-T P P ! ^ ~\ P


Thick-liquid pockets can minimize the final-focus standoff for heavy-ion inertial fusion and substantially simplify materials requirements. Scaled water experiments have now demonstrated the creation of single stationary and oscillating jets suitable for forming a variety of potential pocket geometries. Efforts are now beginning to study multiple jet interactions, particularly those that occur during pocket disruption and regeneration, including droplet generation and clearing. Initially these experiments will consider the interactions of smaller clusters of jets, creating scaled "partial" pockets. This paper presents scaling analysis and experiments to show that cartridges loaded with smokeless gunpowder can match, in scaled water-jet experiments, the impulse-induced trajectories and clearing phenomena that IFE targets would generate with molten salt jets.


The electron-ion recombination coefficient in dry and moist air at atmospheric pressure was measured using a parallel-plate ion chamber and a pulsed electron beam. In moist air a value consistent with that expected from a process in which H20 acts as a third body was found at low field. At a field of 1000 V/cm (105 V/m), however, the value has fallen to that of the clustered, two-body rate, showing that three-body recombination is not a significant electron removal process at EMP fields. The equilibrium field was measured and found to be consistent with the value expected from the measured recombination coefficient.


. We present proofs of the results formulated and discussed in the main body of the article, together with accompanying technical lemmas and their proofs


Case Law: Bengwenyama Minerals (Pty) Ltd and others v Genorah Resources (Pty) Ltd and others (2010) ZACC 26:
The consultation process required by s16 (4)(b) of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002, (the MPRDA) requires that the applicant of a prospecting right must inform the landowner in writing that his application for prospecting rights on the owner's land has been accepted for consideration by the Regional Manager concerned; inform the landowner in sufficient detail what the prospecting operation will entail, in order for the landowner to assess what impact the prospecting will have on his/her use of the land; consult with the landowner with a view to an agreement satisfying both parties in regard to the impact of the proposed prospecting operation; and submit the results of the consultation process to the Regional Manager within 30 days of receiving notification to consult.


A partial account of the results of a study on the cave-dwelling spider fauna of Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad and Fars provinces, in southwestern and southern Iran, is presented. Ten caves were investigated, about 75 spider specimens were collected and 11 species were identified, of which Metellina orientalis (Spassky, 1932) (Tetragnathidae) is recorded for the fauna of Iran for the first time. Maps of localities are provided and the male of the newly recorded species is illustrated.


What is known about drug treatment effectiveness is based primarily on studies involving men. Little is know about treatment effectiveness for women, particularly pregnant women. Available research and clinical evidence demonstrate that some types of drug treatment can have positive effects in such areas as drug use, employability, and criminal behavior. Drug treatment modalities include residential programs (both long-term therapy and short-term drug dependency hospitals and treatment centers) and outpatient programs, including intensive day programs. Barriers that prevent women from getting the treatment they need include lack of programs that admit women, and pregnant women in particular; lack of programs tailored to women's needs; and the fear and isolation experienced by most drugabusing, pregnant women. New federal and state initiatives are targeting this underserved population. In addition, federally-funded, large-scale demonstration and evaluation projects employing diverse approaches are currently underway. Many experts believe that the most effective treatment approach is a comprehensive model program that includes specially trained staff; provision of physical, social, medical, educational, child care, and vocational services; and involvement of the family in therapy. The conclusion is that more programs tailored to women are needed. More research is also needed regarding treatment effectiveness, as well as the etiology of alcohol and drug abuse. To this end, the government must play a major role in funding longitudinal and multisite studies. I ncreased attention to the problem of drug-exposed infants leads naturally to an inquiry about drug treatment effectiveness. Unfortunately, relatively little is known from scientific research about


External Quality Assessment Scheme and Clinic and A minimum of once per year 2006, we analyze two reference urine samples fortified with 2,4,6-TCP and 2,5-DCP. The program, evaluation, and certification are based on the guidelines of the German Federal Medical Council.


Using the Voter and Chen version of an embedded-atom model, derived by fitting simultaneously to experimental data both the diatomic molecule and bulk platinum, we have studied the melting behavior of free, icosahedral, 54-, 55- and 56-atom platinum clusters in the molecular dynamics simulation technique. We present an atom-resolved analysis method that includes physical quantities such as the root-mean-square bond-length fluctuation and coordination number for individual atoms as functions of temperature. The effect of a central atom in the icosahedral structure to the melting process is discussed. The results show that the global minimum structures of the 54-, 55- and 56-atom Pt clusters do not melt at a specific temperature, rather, melting processes take place over a finite temperature range. The heat capacity peaks are not δ-functions, but instead remain finite. An ensemble of clusters in the melting region is a mixture of solid-like and liquid-like clusters.


The idea of introducing contracts between Member States and the EU on structural reforms has its merits, it also has several disadvantages. Most notably, the contracts risk rendering European economic governance even more complex and cumbersome. It is therefore sensible to first try to integrate the structural reform contracts into one of the foreseen economic governance instruments.
This Policy Brief argues that macroeconomic conditionality can serve this purpose. With some minor reforms, it could even become a full-fledged substitute for structural reform contracts – without suffering some of latter's disadvantages.


We introduce a novel kind of P systems in which the application of rules in each step is controlled by a function on the applicable multisets of rules. Some examples are given to exhibit the power of this general concept. Moreover, for three well-known models of P systems we show how they can be simulated by P systems with a suitable fairness function.


Data-driven programming feedback systems can help novices to program in the absence of a human tutor. Prior evaluations showed that these systems improve learning in terms of test scores, or task completion efficiency. However, crucial aspects which can impact learning or reveal insights important for future improvement of such systems are ignored in these evaluations. These aspects include inherent fallibility of current state-of-the-art, students' programming behavior in response to correct/incorrect feedback, and effective/ineffective system components. Consequently, a great deal of knowledge is yet to be discovered about such systems. In this paper, we apply a multi-criteria evaluation with 5 criteria on a data-driven feedback system integrated within a block-based novice programming environment. Each criterion in the evaluation reveals a unique pivotal aspect of the system: 1) How accurate the feedback system is; 2) How it guides students throughout programming tasks; 3) How it helps students in task completion; 4) What happens when it goes wrong; and 5) How students respond generally to the system. Our evaluation results showed that the system was helpful to students due to its effective design and feedback representation despite being fallible. However, novices can be negatively impacted by this fallibility due to high reliance and lack of self-evaluation. The negative impacts include increased working time, implementation, or submission of incorrect/partially correct solutions. The evaluation results reinforced the necessity of multi-criteria system evaluations while revealing important insights helpful to ensuring proper usage of data-driven feedback systems, designing fallibility mitigation steps, and driving research for future improvement.


The removal of heavy metals from an aqueous solution using titanium dioxide pillared clay was investigated in this study. The clay was beneficiated and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM) were used to describe its characteristics, among others. The synthesis of titanium dioxide was carried out with Parkia biglobossa plant extract. The functionality of the titanium dioxide beneficiated clay (TiO2-Bclay) was studied for metal ions adsorption from the aqueous solution. The effects of adsorbent dosage, temperature, contact time, and pH on Zn(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) ion removal percentages from the aqueous solution were investigated. Equilibrium adsorption data were fitted into isotherms and kinetic models to test their consistency. Characterization results showed that the clay contains functional groups that can bind heavy metals and absorb other hazardous substances. The pillared TiO2 was rutile phase, porous; it was also quite high in alumina and silica. Up to 99.00% Zn(II), 92.51% Pb(II), and 88.27% Cu(II) ions were extracted at 30°C using 20 g/L adsorbent. The adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The titanium dioxide pillared clay was found to be effective in these experiments and
adjudged effective adsorbents, for heavy metals confiscation from industrial wastewater.


Objective We sought to assess whether genetic risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) can explain cardioembolic stroke risk. Methods We evaluated genetic correlations between a previous genetic study of AF and AF in the presence of cardioembolic stroke using genome-wide genotypes from the Stroke Genetics Network (N = 3,190 AF cases, 3,000 cardioembolic stroke cases, and 28,026 referents). We tested whether a previously validated AF polygenic risk score (PRS) associated with cardioembolic and other stroke subtypes after accounting for AF clinical risk factors. Results We observed a strong correlation between previously reported genetic risk for AF, AF in the presence of stroke, and cardioembolic stroke (Pearson r = 0.77 and 0.76, respectively, across SNPs with p < 4.4 × 10−4 in the previous AF meta-analysis). An AF PRS, adjusted for clinical AF risk factors, was associated with cardioembolic stroke (odds ratio [OR] per SD = 1.40, p = 1.45 × 10−48), explaining ∼20% of the heritable component of cardioembolic stroke risk. The AF PRS was also associated with stroke of undetermined cause (OR per SD = 1.07, p = 0.004), but no other primary stroke subtypes (all p > 0.1). Conclusions Genetic risk of AF is associated with cardioembolic stroke, independent of clinical risk factors. Studies are warranted to determine whether AF genetic risk can serve as a biomarker for strokes caused by AF.


A new design of UWB-MIMO antenna system is proposed for future smartphones. The design contains four pairs of compact microstrip-fed slot antennas with dual-polarized function that are placed symmetrically at different edge corners of the smartphone mainboard. Each antenna pair consists of a circular-ring slot radiator fed by two independently semi-arcshaped microstrip feeding lines which can exhibit polarization diversity characteristic. The characteristics of the smartphone antenna are examined using both simulations and measurements and good results are achieved. An impedance bandwidth of 2.5–10.2 GHz with 121% fractional bandwidth (FBW) is achieved for $\mathrm {S}_{11}\leq $-10dB. However, for $\mathrm {S}_{11}\leq $-6dB, this value is more than 130% (2.2–11 GHz). In addition, the calculated diversity performances of the design in terms of ECC and TARC are very low over the entire operation band. Furthermore, sufficient values for the channel capacity and its loss are obtained.


Introduction In order to recovery as much oU as possible from reservoir using as little chemical agent as possile, a study on the property o surfactant aikalinepolymer (SAP) cornbination solution has been carried out by the principle of co-ordination effect. The interfacial teasion (IFT) between the solution-crude oil has close relation to chernical composition oi the system and the property of crude oiL For wax-bearing oil, the combivation surfactant in ASP system is formed by petrokum carboxyiate and proper petroleum sulfonate. For acid erude oil, as the oil contains natural organic acid, the petroieum carboxcylic soap can be forrned in siru, proper petroleum sulfonate is compounded with non-ionic surfactarit (triton serise). The distriburion of surfatant's molecule in crude oil-surfactant solution interface and the structure of interface adsorbed film can be controfled by adjusting the pH vaiue arid the ionic strenth of the solutiori to form ultralow IFT. For those two , the transient IFT can be less than 1O mN/m and the equilibrium IFT less than 1O mN/m wrien the concentration of sur{acrant is below 0. 5%( by weight). These systems show the same displacernent eificiency as that of microemulsion flooding, the arnount of surfactant used reduced by more than 10 nznes. The pilot test result o evident increase in recovery factor and evident decrease in water cut has been achieved in a development test area abandoned in an oilfield. In china, most oiifields are developed by water flooding,. but now, the recovery efficiecy is low and water cut is over 80% because of the heterogeneity of reservoirs and high viscosity of oil. SAP combination flooding is a new EOR technology developed in recent years. The aim of combination flooding is to advance the advantage of every chemical flooding methods and to overcome the disadvantage of them'. Most studies indicate that there are complex relations between the surfactant producted by the reaction of alkaline with the natural organnic acid in crude oil and the added surfactant, alkaline and surfactant, surfactant and polymer. The organic and inorgannic addition agent control and restrict the distribution of surfactant in oil and water phase, so that the aim to contro[ the formation of ultra-Iow IFT can be practiced. At the same tiine, alkaline will effect the loss af surfactant in reservoir. So that high efficiency displacement systern can be obtained by adjusting the relations of thern reasonably. This paper reported results of the formula about SAP combination flooding for crude oil with high acid value and waxy crude oil. For wax-bearing oit, the combination surfactant is used in. SAP system. For acid erude oil, as the oil corttains natural organic acid, the petroleum carboxcylic soap can be forrned in situ, and proper petroleuni sulfonate is compounded with non-ionic surfactant (triton serise). The distribution of surfactant's molecule in crude oilsurfactant solution interface and the structure of iriterface adsorbed filrn can be controlled by adjusting the PH value and the ionic strenth of the solution to form ultra-Iow IFT. For those two sys-


An S-band electron linac has been erected at the NSC KIPT to cover an energy range from 30 to about of 100 MeV. The linac consists of a couple of four-meter long piecewise homogeneous accelerating sections. Each section is supplied with RF power from a separate klystron KIU-12AM. The feature of the linac is in the use of an injector based on evanescent oscillations. Results of beam parameters' measurement of at the linac exit are presented. PACS: 41.75.Ht, 25.20.-x


The Shabogamo intrusive suite, a predominantly gabbroic magma series intrusive into a variety of Archean, Aphebian, and Helikian units in the Churchill and Grenville Provinces of western Labrador, ...


Evidence is presented for periodic structure at the Si–SiOx interface in MOSFET's in which the interface is a vicinal plane of (100). The results are discussed in terms of their relevance to interface technology.


This study explored the elements of administrative leadership procedure as it exists among the middle-level administrators of three original public autonomous universities in Thailand, relating to leading them toward world class excellence. The study used a case study and grounded theory approach. The setting involved theoretical sampling that was used to identify 18 participants who were working as middle-level administrators at the Thai original public autonomous universities. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and document analysis. Based on within-case analysis and followed by cross-case analysis of the interview transcripts, the findings were presented as seventeen elements of administrative leadership procedure towards faculty excellence.


The invention relates to the technical field of fluid measurement, and provides a flow rate measuring system and a flow rate measuring method for multi-phase fluid. The system comprises a measurement module, a signal amplification module, a data processing module and a terminal module which are connected in turn, wherein the measurement module at least comprises two measurement devices arranged on a pipeline at a certain interval, and the two measurement devices respectively measure the content of the same element passing the sections where the devices are positioned by a nuclear physics method; the signal amplification module is respectively connected with the two measurement devices and amplifies signals acquired by measurement; and the data processing module converts the signals into digital signals first, then performs digital lowpass filtering treatment and quantization treatment on the digital signals, establishes a mathematical model by utilizing a cross-correlation function principle, performs data analysis treatment on the digital signals, and outputs results of a flow and a flow rate to the terminal module. The system and the method reduce the measuring complexity, reduce corresponding errors caused and improve measuring accuracy and reliability.


The continuously increasing number of publications within the biomedical domain has fuelled the creation of literature based discovery (LBD) systems which identify unconnected pieces of knowledge appearing in separate literatures which can be combined to make new discoveries. Without filtering, the amount of hidden knowledge found is vast due to noise, making it impractical for a researcher to examine, or clinically evaluate, the potential discoveries. We present a number of filtering techniques, including two which exploit the LBD system itself rather than being based on a statistical or manual examination of document collections, and we demonstrate usefulness via replication of known discoveries.


Summary Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a rich source of polyphenols called flavonoids, effective antioxidants found throughout the plant kingdom. A group of flavonoids in green tea are known as catechins. The fresh tea leaves contain four major catechins as colourless water soluble compounds. epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The aim of present work is to study antigenotoxic effect of Green tea extract (GTE), against genotoxic damage induced by a steroid Trenbolone and an anticancer drug Docetaxel in cultured human lymphocytes, both in absence and presence of metabolic activation, using duplicate peripheral blood cultures. Metaphase plates so obtained were used for Chromosomal aberration (CAs) analysis, Sister chromatid exchange (SCEs) analysis and calculation of Replication index. 40 and 60 µM of Trenbolone, 3 µM and 6 µM Docetaxel ( with and without metabolic activation) was used. 1.075X 10 -4 , 2.127 X 10 -4 and 3.15 X 10 -4 g/ml Green tea extract (GTE), was used to study its antigenotoxic role against above mentioned drugs. A dose dependent increase in frequencies of SCEs, abnormal metaphase were observed for by Trenbolone and Docetaxel treatment, both in presence as well as absence of S9 mix, which was mitigated to a great extent by treatment with Green tea extract (GTE). It is concluded that the genotoxicity induced by Trenbolone and Docetaxel, can be countered with Green tea extract (GTE) doses.


Corporate companies or individual website owners who promote their products and services on digital platforms create websites to increase brand awareness and interact with potential customers. Due to the fact that the data sets used in the web sites are mostly complicated and the complex situation is controlled manually, technical problems such as time-out and not working of links frequently repeat after the websites are actively published. Inadequacy of manual operations and situations where technical failures are not eliminated have negative effects on search engine optimization values. In order to avoid technical problems, the complex content of web sites should be controlled by algorithms for classification of large data sets and the quality of service should be improved. In this paper, the control of the technical problems that may occur in the web sites with automatic system has been ensured and the system has been successfully completed by working on active web sites and sub links.


A high-resolution fossil pollen record from Balikun Lake sediments,northwestern China,was used to reconstruct vegetation evolution history over the last 8.8 cal. ka. The vegetation history is interpreted as the following:desert dominated by Chenopodiaceae from 8.8 to 8.0 cal. ka BP; desert -steppe/steppe dominated by Chenopodiaceae and Artemisa from 8.0 to 4.3cal.kaBP; desert dominated by Chenopodiaceae from 4.3 to 3.8cal.kaBP; desert-steppe/steppe dominated by Artemisia,Cyperaceae and Chenopodiaceae from 3.8 to 0.6 cal. ka BP; and desert dominated by Chenopodiaceae since 0.6 cal. ka BP. The patterns of the vegetation changes are consistent with other records in the arid central Asia during the Holocene.


Various researches have been conducted about the retaining of the interrupted task, since the Zeigarnik's pioneer experimental research, but these results are not always consistent. The present research was schemed by operating three important factors with the intention of resolving these inconsistencies and offerring further informations ; (a) strength and weakness of the stress in the situation, (b) completion and incompletion of the task, (c) success and failure of the task.The procedure was as follows.The experimental situation was consisted of the stress situation (competition) and the non-stress situation (cooperation). C-S group (completion=success, incompletion=failure) and C-F group (completion=failure, incompletion=success) were set up under each situation.The tasks used consisted of 16 kinds of task including both types of the paper-and pencil task and the operational task. Of 16 tasks, the half were completed, but the remainder incompleted. The experiment was performed in an individual unit for a pair of two school children. Then, the recall of each group was compared.The results were as follows.1) In the stress situation, both groups consistently showed significant preponderance of the recall of the succeeded tasks. On the other hand, both groups in thenon-stress situation adversely showed a preponderance of the recall of the failed tasks, but the difference was not statistically significant in C-F group.2) In comparing C-S group with C-F group in the stress situation, there was a significant variation in the recall of the incompleted tasks, and a significant variation in the recall of the completed tasks was found in the non-stress situation.3) In comparing between situations, C-S group significantly decreased the recall of the completed tasks and significantly increased the recall of the incompleted tasks with increase of tne stress. On the other hand, C-F group significantly increased the recall of the incompleted tasks and tended to decrease the recall of the completed tasks.These facts may indicate that (1) ego-defensive reaction is evidently preponderant in the stress situation and the concept of repression is possible to be introduced, and (2) in the non-stress situation, the interrupted effect said so far is a side of facts and the consideration at a point of whole view is needful.It is particularly suggested that the goal is more general one than only completion of the task and the tension is not always specific to a specific task.


Credit is the base for market economy to establish and develop on.The credit relationship makes progress with the development of market economy.The formation and accumulation of credit resources can lower natural resources allocating cost and also can lower trade cost .Accordingly the efficiency of national economy raises.the comprehensive competitive ability enhanced . Thus national economy grows continuously and steadily .Currently ,the growth of our national economy should mainly depend on domestic demand and investment .It is vital for credit to function . Our national economy would gain larger development potentiality,providing that we can solve the credit crisis.


9 The flagellin type III secretion pathway of Bacillus halodurans BhFC01 (∆hag) was modified by 10 inactivation of fliD. An in frame flagellin fusion polypeptide construct was expressed and the 11 heterologous peptides secreted as flagellin fusion monomers. The stability of the secreted 12 monomers was significantly enhanced through gene-targeted inactivation of extracellular 13 proteases. 14 Corresponding author. Mailing address: CSIR Biosciences, Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South 15 Africa. Phone: 27 12 841-2167. Fax 27 12 841-3651. E-mail: email@example.com 16 17 Gram-negative bacteria use specialized systems to secrete selected proteins outside the cell. One 18 example is the type III secretion system whose substrates include virulence proteins (8). The 19 flagellar type III secretion apparatus efficiently secretes the flagellin subunit protein, FliC in both 20 Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Most flagellar components are translocated across the 21 cytoplasmic membrane by the flagellar type III system, and they self assemble at the distal end of 22 its narrow channel with the help of a cap structure. Flagellin filaments polymerize exterior to the 23 CC EP TE D Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/AEM.02430-08 AEM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 7 November 2008 on O cber 2, 2017 by gest ht://aem .sm .rg/ D ow nladed fom


The appearance of an electromotive force at the terminals of a vibrating rod or wire of magnetic material was investigated. It was concluded from experiments somewhat more simple and direct than those employed by other investigators that the effect was due to changes in the state of circular magnetization accompanying the variations of stress. The results suggested problems for more intensive investigation and applications of possible practical value.


Being physically active is the most important measure that can be taken to improve health at any age. Controlled studies have shown that exercise prevents diseases and premature deaths that can be prevented by lifestyle changes. In prospective studies, it has been shown that exercise is effective in many chronic neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases, in addition to medical treatment, by both modifying modifiable risk factors and stimulating neurogenesis. In a randomized controlled study with Alzheimer's patients, aerobic exercise performed for 1 hour, 2 days a week for 1 year slowed the deterioration of activities of daily living. In early-stage cases, moderate-heavy aerobic exercise 3 days a week resulted in a significant improvement in neuropsychiatric symptoms. There are many studies reporting improvement in memory and executive functions with aerobic exercise programs. Parkinson's disease, which is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, causes increased motor and nonmotor findings, balance and gait disturbance, leading to disability and decreased quality of life. Studies show that motor performance is much better and can be maintained longer, falls are reduced, worsening due to the disease is slowed down, and increases the quality of life in cases who apply regular structured exercise in addition to dopaminergic drugs compared to those who do not exercise.


Abstract Host specificity and seasonal incidence of parasitism by the sciomyzid fly Salticella fasciata was studied at a site near Montpellier, France, and in the laboratory. In field collections, only adult snails (> 11-mm diameter) of the pest helicid species Theba pisana and Cernuella virgata were found bearing eggs of S. fasciata in their umbilicus. Flies were present in the field from September to June, which coincides with the active breeding period of the host snails. The percentage of adult snails bearing fly eggs increased with time while the adult snail population decreased through mortality after breeding. In choice experiments, both T. pisana and C. virgata were significantly preferred as hosts when maintained in pairwise combinations with the co-occuring pest helicid species Cochlicella barbara , Cochlicella acuta , and Helix aspersa . Surprisingly, fly larvae were found to be inefficient at infecting and killing host snails though they fed readily on the decaying tissues of manually killed snails. The host-specific oviposition habit of the fly and larval killing inefficiency are discussed in relation to both the behavioral evolution of the Sciomyzidae and the inappropriateness of this species as a biological control agent of terrestrial snails.


Asynchronous exception propagation is a useful alternative form of communication among threads, especially if timely propagation is ensured. However, timely propagation is impossible for blocked threads. An approach is presented to transparently unblock threads to begin propagation of asynchronous termination and resumption exceptions. The approach does not require additional syntax, simplifies certain programming situations, and can improve performance.


Like all organisations, MacKillop exists in a context where service user participation is gaining rightful prominence, both from the point of view of sound professional practice and as a requirement of funding and accreditation bodies. In advocating for engaging service users through effective and systematic feedback mechanisms, Baker (2007) identifies three distinct benefits: service delivery improvement; knowledge building; and empowerment. It was in this environment that a decision was made in 2012 to undertake a whole of organisation feedback survey, allowing clients to respond to a core group of questions about their experience of MacKillop services. The process was to be centrally driven by the organisation's Quality and Compliance Team. It was planned to occur over a period of one month, enabling a 'snapshot' of the clients at one point of time.


Based on the OPCPA system for Ti:Sapphire laser, we find a new good noncollinear broad bandwidth phase matching geometry. We also proposed one method to use pre‐chirp to compensate the GVM and GVD to maximize the parametric bandwidth.


Atomic layer epitaxy of zizc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) have been applied to compose superlattice film devices such as soft x-ray multilayers. The reason why oxide films are chosen, is that oxygen of oxide films has transparency for the "water-window" (λ=2.332-4.368 nm) wavelengths. Actually, we researched the fabrication of TiO2/ZnO multilayer mirrors and then found that these multilayer films provided high reflection in the wavelength region. Our theoretical calculation indicated that multilayer mirror could have the high reflectance of nearly 50% at the wavelength of 2.73 nm and at the incidence angle of 18.2° from the normal incidence. TiO2/ZnO films were grown on the c-plane (0001) sapphire substrate by means of atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) technique, which involved the alternate reactions of Zn(CH2CH3)2 (DEZ) and H2O, and Ti(Cl)4 (TCT) and H2O. Our experimental results indicated that thin Wurtzite ZnO (0001) and Rutile TiO2(200) films were grown epitaxially on c-plane (0001) sapphire substrates at 450°C with self-limiting mechanism. The 10-bilayer TiO2/ZnO multilayer indicated high soft X-ray reflectivity of around 30%.


The peer instruction method has become an effective learning strategy at all educational levels. The peer instruction method developed by Mazur can be defined as a method in which participants actively participate in the educational process by discussing and helping each other in a peer group during the lesson. In the research, the subjects named "Communication and Media, Technological Developments" in the Harmoni 2 textbook were discussed. In this study, the effect of discussion on the answers of 24 8th-grade students in peer instruction techniques during the lesson was investigated. The application was carried out in Astana City Girls High School (BIL) in Kazakhstan in five weeks with 24 students who took Turkish lessons from Kazakh cognate students whose mother tongue was not Turkish. The data of 50 multiple choice concept test questions asked to the students in the course were analyzed. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test (p=.000) in the SPSS 21.0 program. Considering the results, it was observed that the discussion had an important effect on the transformation of the wrong answers given by the students to the concept test questions into correct answers.


Approximately $2,000,000 is available per year from the Public Health Service for the support of research and research training in the prevention, reduction, and treatment of accidental injury. This paper describes: (1) the history, purpose, and productivity of the program; (2) the process of review and evaluation of applications; and (3) the types of projects supported. More than 50,000,000 Americans are injured every year, and more than 100,000 die as a result of these injuries. Recognizing accidental injury and death as a major health problem, The Public Health Service of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare began to support research for the prevention of injuries and deaths through the research-grants program of it National Institute of Health.


Local pig breeds represent an important resource in the Mediterranean countries and a sustainable exploitation of them could greatly contribute to the income of the farmers. At present 34 local pig breeds are recognized and still raised in Mediterranean countries even if the level of information about them varies consistently. Some of these breeds are considered at risk even if for almost four-fifths the trend is positive (stable or increasing). Literature on these breeds constantly increases from the early 1990s' but there is a clear gap between the Iberian breed and the other genotypes. Genetics and quality of products are the two most important aspects investigated and within the former functional genetics became a priority in recent years. Selection in local pig breeds seems feasible, providing that goals are differ ent from those used for the improved breeds, and the maintenance of genetic diversity continues to be a must for these populations. The research and new approaches developed until now contribute greatly to the knowledge about Mediter ranean local pig breeds and it is important to set up future initiatives for the exploitation of the distinctive features of these genotypes. In the future actions to carry out will be to maintain genetic diversity and select characteristics to match consumer demands and farmers expectative. The use of the genomic selection could greatly help to reach these goals.


The LaF_3 superfine powder was synthesized. Superfine powder of La_2(CO_3)_3 was first synthesized by means of double pillar method in the reaction that LaCl_3 solution(got from La_2O_3, HCl as raw material ) reacted with NH_4HCO_3 solution.Then LaF_3 superfine powder was got by means of mixing solid La_2(CO_3)_3 and NH_4F under the microwave condition when the diluent of H_2O and C_2H_5OH were used.The influence of diluent (H_2O, C_2H_5OH) on grain degree or pure degree was discussed. The crystal purity of LaF_3 superfine powder was tested by XRD.The granularity and shape of LaF_3 superfine powder was tested by SEM and TEM. The results show that the purity of LaF_3 superfine powder is very well when used C_2H_5OH by means of microwave heat, and LaF_3 superfine powder is 50 nm in size in the direct solid synthesis.


Spirulina is a natural product that is scientifically used in many fields due to its many beneficial contents such as antioxidants, essential amino acids, high-quality proteins and essential unsaturated fats. Spirulina is known as a nutriment-dense food as it has vitamins A, C, E and B and many minerals including calcium, zinc, magnesium and selenium. In particular, selenium and vitamin C are vitamins with antioxidant properties and protect our cells and tissues against potential damage. Due to these properties, Spirulina is used in food, cosmetics and medical fields. Since it contains antioxidant properties, it is used in several diseases such as arthritis, diabetes, anemia, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have investigated the properties of Spirulina and positive results have been obtained. Thereby, the significance of Spirulina has improved with its use in pharmacology, cosmetics, medicine and food. In this study, the importance of this microalgae, which has numerous benefits, has been tried to be emphasized with today's approach and studies in the fields of biochemistry, biotechnology and medicine.


Two experiments with differential GPS were organized in northern Sweden. The first study was organized as helicopter flights along lines with known positions. Obtained GPS coordinates corresponded to a mean deviation of a few metres and a standard deviation of about the same size. This was judged to be satisfactory for navigation purposes in connection with forest fertilization or liming. In the second study the accuracy of repeated measurements for estimation of coordinates of sample plots in forested terrain resulted in standard deviations of a few metres. Stand boundaries were mapped with accuracy sufficient for maps on the scale of 1:20000, also under closed canopy.<<ETX>>


Objectives: Sorafenib is an orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitor in hepatocellular cancer. Low sorafenib concentrations are attained during pharmacotherapy due to pharmacokinetic profile and patient inadherence. Resistance to treatment is a limitation to improving survival. Underlying mechanisms include epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The aim of the study was to evaluate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and multidrug resistance-related parameters in HepG2 cells following low-dose and short-term sorafenib treatment.
Methods: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and multidrug resistance-related markers were examined by quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, and confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Results: An increase in epithelial marker E-cadherin and downregulation of mesenchymal markers Vimentin and Snail1 were detected by gene expression analysis. While P-glycoprotein expression increased, multidrug resistance protein 1, and breast cancer resistance protein mRNA levels did not alter after sorafenib treatment. The accumulation of the ABC transporter substrate rhodamine 123 in the cells increased following the treatment, corresponding to a less efficient efflux of rhodamine 123 and a possible effect on other transporters and mechanisms.
Conclusions: The results indicate a protective effect of sorafenib against epithelial-mesenchymal transition and upregulation in P-glycoprotein expression, which is, however, not sufficient to cause less intracellular rhodamine 123 accumulation. The effects of low-dose and short-term sorafenib on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and multidrug resistance-related markers might contribute to enlightening new treatment strategies in hepatocellular cancer.


Language is the carrier of culture.Cultural and educational factors are richly deposited in language teaching.The essay,taking Chinese teaching as a foundation course for ethnic-minority students in Xinjiang's institutions of higher education,expounds cultural factors in Chinese teaching and probes into what cultural teaching is and how it is done.


Hydrophosphinylation of N,N-dibenzyl-α-amino aldehydes with ethyl allylphosphinate in the presence of (S)-ALB afforded anti-β-amino-a-hydroxy(allyl)phosphinates in high diastereoselectivity. The hydrophosphinylation product was transformed to a potentially useful transition state mimic for hydrolysis of dipeptides.


DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100776 messenger-producing enzymes, light-inducible transcriptional regulators, or tools to steer the translocation of proteins between different compartments as well as their degradation, just to name the most predominant ones. More recently, tools from molecular optogenetics have been applied in the extracellular space for the development of light-responsive synthetic extracellular matrices or nanobodies/monobodies with an optically tunable affinity for their antigens. In order to keep track of the vertiginous selection of molecular optogenetic tools, the publicly available database www.optobase.org was established. In this issue dedicated to molecular optogenetics, the contributions of experts in the field in the form of reviews of the latest advances or original research are collected with the aim to help interested readers enter the exciting world of light-triggered biological devices learning how to apply them for their own purposes. One of the most often targeted cellular processes for light control since the early days of optogenetics is gene expression. By now, we have a multitude of tools for use in different organisms, ranging from bacteria to living mice. Baumschlager and Khammash discuss in article 2000256 past and recently developed strategies to control gene expression in bacteria, which will help readers find their way in the intricate jungle of possibilities to choose from. In article 2000234, Tucker and Pearce review recent approaches in endowing light-regulated dimerization systems with a second control layer. These approaches are used to decrease background leakiness and increase the dynamic range of naturally occurring photoreceptors for advanced optogenetic applications. One way to control protein activity with light is by allosteric coupling of the protein of interest to a photosensor. The successful engineering of fusions whereby the light-triggered conformational change of the photoreceptor propagates down to the protein of interest is not straightforward and often requires trial and error. In article 2000181, Mathony and Niopek give an exciting guided tour of the most recent advances in methodologies that support the design of optogenetic allosteric switches. Among the discussed strategies, the one based on the insertion of LOV domains into surface-exposed loops is particularly promising, as demonstrated by its successful application to the light-mediated control of kinases, Cas9, and nanobodies. In article 2000180, Zhang and colleagues comprehensively review recent new optogenetic switches as well as improved, engineered variants of previous switches. They further compile experimental conditions, biophysical properties and application fields of different switches, representing a highly valuable resource when planning future optogenetic experiments. In addition to these reviews, this special issue features new optogenetic technologies applied at different levels of intracellular signal processing but also in the extracellular space to control the assembly of nanomaterials. Prof. B. Di Ventura, Prof. W. Weber Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany E-mail: email@example.com; email@example.com The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adbi.202100776. The ability to control biological systems via light as the external stimulus is revolutionizing fundamental and applied life sciences. Light represents the ideal trigger to steer biological processes with unmatched spatial and temporal precision in a dose-dependent manner, offering the possibility of multiplexing by using light of different wavelengths. The development and use of genetically encoded, lightresponsive switches define the rapidly growing field of optogenetics. First optogenetic approaches were pioneered by the Quail group using the Arabidopsis phytochrome system to control gene expression in yeast. Nonetheless, the field of optogenetics truly took off with the discovery that light-sensitive ion channels could be used to trigger action potentials in neuronal and muscle cells. For about a decade, indeed, optogenetics was deeply intertwined and immediately associated with neurobiology. Such optogenetic technologies allow dissecting and understanding the function of neuronal networks but also controlling neuronal processes in optically triggered brain-machine interfaces. After this initial phase in which it was mostly applied in neurobiology, optogenetics became widespread among cell biologists to control intracellular processes. Nowadays, we see interesting applications spanning many different cell types and even organisms; for instance, muscle cells have been engineered for light-inducible contraction and used as optically stimulated actuators in soft robotics. The second wave of innovation in optogenetics, capitalizing on the initial phytochrome-based optogenetic work, focuses on photoreceptors that translate light stimuli into a molecular output. We call it, therefore, molecular optogenetics. The output can be a change in the interaction state between two biomolecules, an altered enzyme activity, or the regulated availability of a protein motif or peptide. Molecular optogenetics is exponentially growing with an annual publication rate that doubles every 2 years (Figure 1). This growth in publications reflects the exponentially growing community of scientists harnessing and advancing the intriguing opportunities of molecular optogenetics. Innovations in this field have yielded technologies allowing controlling every step of the cellular signaling cascade. This molecular optogenetic toolbox includes light-responsive membrane-bound receptors, intracellular kinase cascades, second


Baseball is widely regarded as America's pastime, in large part because of narratives about it being an egalitarian sport, in which every man can participate. At our current time a chorus of scholars has noted how the sport has become more exclusive to the middle class. For example, Ogden and Rose's (2005) research cited access and rising costs as barriers to participation for some baseball players. In order to understand what is required to compete at the developmental level in baseball, the current study adopted a qualitative approach which allowed the exploration of the training background of 10 NCAA Division I baseball players at Beaston University (this is a pseudonym used throughout this research). The following research questions guided this study: (a) What is the training background of NCAA Division I baseball players, (b) How do developmental baseball players reflect on exclusivity, privilege, the unequal distribution of resources and meritocracy in baseball, and (c) How do the participants think their training has helped them become players at the intercollegiate level? A semi-structured interview protocol was used to have the participants reflect on their training background at the developmental level in baseball. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts produced the following themes: (a) baseball is work, but it is still a game, (b) foundation, (c) diverse experiences, and (d) social location. The major finding is that developmental baseball is rife with politics, the unequal distribution of resources and class privilege, but the participants believe that hard work is enough to vault any player to the NCAA Division I level. This study adds knowledge to the fields of sport sociology, sport management and recreation and leisure studies. For sport sociology and sport management, the recommendations from this study can be implemented to make


Considering shortcomings of the rectangle-mesh method,a method is proposed for drawing automatically meteorological contours by using triangle-meshes. The auto-drawing of contours was realized through interpolating on sides, triangulating,and then connecting the contours on the triangulated meshes in certain order. The algorithm of contour auto-generating is given and the contour charts drawn by the rectangle-mesh method and Grads are compared. The results show that the method is practicable and the resulting outcome is more accurate and reasonable.


An elongated structural member of substantially triangular cross-section incorporating either one longitudinally extending continuous passageway of circular cross-section whose center is located at or near the center of the cross-section of the member or a cluster of passageways whose center is similarly located with a member so constructed employed to transmit forces in compression, tension, shear, bending, torsion and any combination thereof and the passageway employed as conduit for air, water, electrical wiring and the like and in the construction of buildings such members specifically designed to serve as beams, columns, or struts.


Generation of test cases from a protocol specification for the purposes of testing both control and data flow aspects of a protocol implementation is a challenging problem. We propose an approach for protocols based on extended finite state machine (EFSM) models. Basically, we use the method of H. Ural and A. Williams (see Formal Description Techniques, vol.VI no.C-22, p.335-50, 1994). We extend the method to deal with more than one SDL process. The use of the improved method upgraded with simulation feasibility checking is illustrated by a practical example of test case generation for V5.2 startup procedure that involves the CTRL (control) and LNK (link) protocols with appropriate processes.


This paper presents a single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) based implementation of the transient stability simulation on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Two programming models to implement the standard method of the transient stability simulation are proposed and implemented on a single GPU. In the first model the CPU is responsible for part of the simulation, while the onerous computations were offloaded to the GPU, creating a hybrid GPU-CPU simulator. In the second model, the GPU performs all the computations, while the CPU simply monitors the flow of the simulation. The accuracy of the proposed methods are validated using the PSS/E software for several large test systems. A substantial increase in speed was observed for the GPU-based simulations.


The homogeneous grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulose was carried out in a dimethyl sulfoxide/paraformaldehyde solvent system. The grafted products were added to cellulose/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) blends as compatibilizers. The thermal decomposition behavior of the blends was investigated by thermogravimetry. The thermal stability of the blends with higher grafted product content was lower by more than 100°C than that of the blends without grafted product. The accessibility values of the former blends were larger than those of the latter. The microphase-separated structures of the grafted product blends were finer than those without the product. Dynamic mechanical measurements and differential scanning calorimetry were performed to estimate the glass transition temperatures, Tg, of the blends. The variation in Tg was smaller than that in characteristic temperatures determined by thermogravimetry. The difference in thermal decomposition behavior was correlated to that in compatibility. Thermogravimetry was found to be effective for estimating the compatibility in cellulose/PAN blends containing grafted products. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Endothehal progenitor cells(EPCs) exist in peripheral blood and can differentiate into endothelial cells.Recent researches indicate that EPCs are involved in the neovascularization of several tumors and promote the growth and metastasis of these tumors.Meanwhile,EPC levels are correlated with the grade,stage,and overall survival of tumor patients.This article is focused on the roles of endothelial progenitor cells in tumor neovascularization.


Objective To construct the CD (cytosine deaminase) and TK( thymidine kinase) double suicide genes expressive vector driven by mdr1 promoter and to investigate its target killing effects on mdr1 positive leukemia cell line K562/A02 in vitro. Methods The expressive vector pcDNA3-mdr1 P-CD-TK containing CD-TK double suicide genes driven by mdrl promoter was constructed and transfected into K562 or K562/A02 cells using lipofectin. Stable transfectant subline was established after geneticin(G418) selection. PCR and RT-PCR were used to identify the stable transfection and expression of CD and TK gene. The stable sublines were cultured with ganciclovir ( GCV) and 5-fluorocytosine(5-FC) at different concentrations for 4 days, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of pcDNA3-mdr1 P-CD-TK/GCV + 5-FC system were measured by MTT assay. The apoptotic ratio was observed by flow cytometry. Results The pcDNA3-mdrl P-CD-TK expression vectors were successfully constructed. Double suicide genes were transfected stably into the K562 cells and K562/A02 cells. CD and TK gene were expressed in K562/A02 cells, but not in K562 cells. Compared with that of K562-CD-TK(85.04% ) , the survival ratio of K562/A02-CD-TK cell was decreased to 41. 13% after treatment with 60μg/ml of GCV and 600μg/ml of 5-FC ( P 0. 05 ). The apoptotic ratios were 2. 93% and 10.27% respectively at the same concentration. Conclusion The CD-TK double suicide genes system driven by mdrl promoter has targeted killing effect on MDR positive leukemia cells K562/A02.


Water robot by the water, obstacles and their own swing, the process of moving objects randomly, controllable more difficult. Taking advantage of the multi-joint controllability of the robot fish, in view of the underwater transportation in the underwater robot competition, from the dynamic adjust the best orientation of dribbling, the flexible change of the way of dribbling and adjust the robotic fish control point in stages, These three aspects of the underwater robot of the ball method of the key technology for research and implementation. The flexible way of taking the ball adopts the method of adjusting the position and posture of the robot fish based on stages to solve the problem that the single ball way is easily disturbed and cannot reach the target position stably. By constantly sensing the relative position between the robot and the ball and the target point, the simulation robotic fish can calculate the optimal heading by using the mathematical formula. So as to effectively accomplish the purpose of fixed-point water handling. The algorithm won the second prize of 2D simulation underwater transportation at the 2016 International Robot Contest. The research on the flexible dribbling method and the automatic searching for the optimal heading position strategy provide reference for the future research on the control of intelligent waterborne robots.


The main objective of this article is to study the basic of Fourier transformation, Fourier Series, Integration and summation. This article gives the basic idea about Integration and summation: definitions, types, use in different field, limitations and may more. In this article first reader gain general information about integral and summation, rule and regulation to used integration and summation, condition to used integration and summation and application in different field.


This conference paper was presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching in New Orleans, LA.


The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM) is the principal research organization for earthquake engineering in China and has a long history of research excellence. Initially formed in 1954 as the Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture under the Academia Sinica, it was renamed in 1962 as the Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Academia Sinica. In 1984, in response to the rapid economic development of the country and the urgent needs for natural disaster prevention and alleviation both at home and abroad, the Institute was placed under the State Seismological Bureau, which was renamed as the China Seismological Bureau in 1998. At present, the Institute comprises the following technical divisions:


D0 collaboration has recently discovered new multiquark states $X(5568)$ decaying into $B^0_s\pi^\pm$. The quark contents in these states must have four different flavors $ \bar b s u \bar d$ or $\bar b s d \bar u$. We study these states from light quark flavor $SU(3)$ symmetry point of view to identify their symmetry properties. The multiplets which contains states with three different light quarks must be ${\bf \bar 6}$ or ${\bf 15}$ of $SU(3)$ representation. The mass splitting of $X(5568)$ and $B$ meson only allows $X$ to decay into final states with a $B$ meson and a pion. We study such possible decays by constructing a leading order chiral Lagrangian, and also provide searching strategies to determine whether the $X(5568)$ states belong to ${\bf \bar 6}$ or ${\bf 15}$ . In particular, if $X(5568)$ belongs to ${\bf 15}$, there is a new doubly charged four quark state which can decay into $B^+\pi^+$ with a decay width twice as large as that for $X(5568)\to B_s^0 \pi^\pm$.


1. Technical Field of the invention defined in the claims It relates to a synchronous semiconductor memory device having a narrow data skew. 2. The invention attempts to solve the technical challenges The invention improves the wave pipelined to propagate data in a row to provide a semiconductor memory device to increase the operation maahjin internal signal. 3. Resolution of the subject matter of the invention, It is controlled with the external clock from the system by an address to the input address buffer, the column predecoder, the column selection gate, input and output sense amplifier, a data bus, a semiconductor formed of a wave pipeline type, including the data lead path to the data output buffer in the memory device, are connected to any one of the rear end on the data path, at least one latch circuit for removing data skew in synchronization from the external clock at the moment in which the data lead command is given moment or another column address has been determined, that is provided as a base. 4. An important use of the invention, The invention is preferably used in a semiconductor memory device.


In recent years, science and particularly physics education has been furthered by the use of project based interactive learning. There is a tremendous amount of evidence that use of these techniques in a college learning environment leads to a deeper appreciation and understanding of fundamental concepts. Since vectors are the basis for any advancement in physics and engineering courses the cornerstone of any physics regimen is a concrete and comprehensive introduction to vectors. Here, we introduce a new turn based vector game that we have developed to help supplement traditional vector learning practices, which allows students to be creative, work together as a team, and accomplish a goal through the understanding of basic vector concepts.


success of a line of treatment based upon the physio. ogical conditions of the above muscle. It has generally been thought that the actions of the knee-joint are limited to those of simple flexion and emtension, and that the leg is not endowed with the faculties of pronation and supination possessed by the forearm. This opinion, which has originated from observing the rotations of the leg when extended, is


INTRODUCTION
Burn injuries are common in the homeless population. Little is known regarding whether homeless patients experience different outcomes when admitted for burns. We aim to 1) characterize the admitted homeless burn population, and 2) investigate differences in inpatient outcomes between the homeless and non-homeless populations.

METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was performed utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Adult patients with complete data for burn characteristics were extracted. Variables included demographic, burn, and facility characteristics. Homelessness was identified with International Classification of Disease 9th edition codes. Outcomes were modeled with regression analysis and included length of stay, total operations, charges, disposition, and patient safety indicators.

RESULTS
43,872 encounters were included of which 0.76% were homeless. Homeless encounters were more likely to be male (p<0.001) and Medicaid-insured (p<0.001). Flame and frostbite injuries were more likely (p<0.001), and the mean %TBSA was smaller (15.0 versus 16.8, p<0.001). After adjustment, homeless patients had greater lengths of stay (11.5 vs. 9.6, p=0.046), greater charges ($73,597 vs. $66,909, p=0.030), fewer operations (p=0.016), and three times higher likelihood leaving against medical advice (p=0.002). There was no difference in patient safety indicators or mortality.

CONCLUSION
Homeless burn admissions represent a unique cohort that carries a higher comorbidity burden and experiences longer lengths of stay with greater difficulty in disposition. Ironically, these patients accumulate more charges with limited means to pay. Even though no differences were observed in patient safety indicators or mortality, further research is needed to understand how the challenges within this population affect their recovery.


The signaling regulators and pathways of the mu‐opioid receptor (MOR) are being studied to develop functionally selective MOR ligands. Such novel analgesic drugs may alleviate pain without the side effects and drawbacks of typical opioids. We have analyzed proteomics databases available in the literature to find candidate proteins that are regulated in the brain by chronic opioid treatment. One such candidate, phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding protein (PEBP), is a cytoplasmic protein with a highly conserved structure that has been shown to regulate GPCR signaling through both the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway and G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), a major feedback inhibitor of GPCRs which has been implicated in a number of neurological disorders including chronic pain. The expression of PEBP was also found to be regulated by chronic morphine treatment in a proteomic study of rodent brain, suggesting that PEBP may regulate MOR signaling, however PEBP has not yet been associated with MOR signaling. We have knocked down PEBP in MOR‐ expressing HEK, U2OS, N2a and SH‐SY5Y cells using specific siRNA to determine changes in either MOR‐induced ERK signaling or βarrestin2 (βarr2) recruitment and receptor internalization, with and without GRK2 overexpression. PEBP knockdown does not change MOR agonist induced ERK signaling efficacy or potency, but βarr2 recruitment, MOR internalization, and chronic morphine desensitization potency is increased. This suggests a role for PEBP in regulating MOR induced βarr2 recruitment and attendant opioid induced side effects. We will continue to study the role of PEBP in pain and opioid response in vivo, and are developing in vitro drug discovery screens with PEBP as a target.


Using an extension of Lucasi¯ model of endogenous growth with education externality, we show that an environmental tax may increase growth. This is because the tax makes physical capital accumulation less attractive, thereby correcting for the underinvestment by agents in human capital.


In this paper, we propose a novel approach for multiple surfaces segmentation based on the incorporation of physical constraints in optimal surface searching. We apply our new approach to solve the renal cortex segmentation problem, an important but not sufficiently researched issue. In this study, in order to better restrain the intensity proximity of the renal cortex and renal column, we extend the optimal surface search approach to allow for varying sampling distance and physical separation constraints, instead of the traditional fixed sampling distance and numerical separation constraints. The sampling distance of each vertex-column is computed according to the sparsity of the local triangular mesh. Then the physical constraint learned from a priori renal cortex thickness is applied to the inter-surface arcs as the separation constraints. Appropriate varying sampling distance and separation constraints were learnt from 6 clinical CT images. After training, the proposed approach was tested on a test set of 10 images. The manual segmentation of renal cortex was used as the reference standard. Quantitative analysis of the segmented renal cortex indicates that overall segmentation accuracy was increased after introducing the varying sampling distance and physical separation constraints (the average true positive volume fraction (TPVF) and false positive volume fraction (FPVF) were 83.96% and 2.80%, respectively, by using varying sampling distance and physical separation constraints compared to 74.10% and 0.18%, respectively, by using fixed sampling distance and numerical separation constraints). The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Abstract Recent research has questioned the automaticity of stereotypical thinking by identifying factors that moderate the elicitation of this process. Extending this general line of inquiry, the present experiments investigated the effects of contextual factors on stereotype activation. It was anticipated that the manner in which triggering categorical cues are encountered would moderate the activation of stereotypical thinking. Specifically, it was predicted that briefly presented primes (i.e., difficult-to-process items) would not activate sex stereotypes when they were intermixed with primes that were easy to process (i.e., items presented for longer times). The results of two experiments supported this prediction. In addition, Experiment 2 showed that stereotype activation following the presentation of easy-to-process primes is moderated by individual differences in the endorsement of stereotypical beliefs. These findings are noteworthy because they demonstrate that contextual factors modulate stere...


The transmittance adjusters unit has a number of transmittance adjusters which are arranged in a predetermined pattern, and the pattern density ρ as (x, y), the light emission of the planar lighting device when not provided with the unit the maximum brightness F ρ (x, y) = c {F (x, y) -F min} / (F max -F min) (Provided that 0.5 ≦ c ≦ 1) This unit is lightweight and thin, without reducing the average luminance of the incident light, and it is possible to reduce brightness unevenness. Incidentally, planar illumination device includes a transmittance adjusting member unit, a liquid crystal display device includes the planar lighting device.


Abstract Malathion is one of the most common insecticides in the world, and its persistence in aquatic environments poses a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. In this study, a combined process of persulfate and magnetite nanoparticles loaded on carbon (Fe3O4@CNT) in the presence of ultraviolet light was used to decompose malathion as a chemically resistant compound in contaminated water. Fe3O4@CNT was synthesized, and then characterized and characterized using XRD refraction, electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. In this hybrid process, the decomposition of malathion occurred at pH =5, 2 mmol persulfate, and 0.4 g of Fe3O4@CNT at 60 minutes. The results of sconing experiments showed that sulfate, hydroxyl, and ultraviolet radicals are involved in the optimum decomposition of malathion and this process was able to purify the malathion from the water.


Abstract Recently a computational-based experimental design strategy called rerandomization has been proposed as an alternative or complement to traditional blocked designs. The idea of rerandomization is to remove, from consideration, those allocations with large imbalances in observed covariates according to a balance criterion, and then randomize within the set of acceptable allocations. Based on the Mahalanobis distance criterion for balancing the covariates, we show that asymptotic inference to the population, from which the units in the sample are randomly drawn, is possible using only the set of best, or 'optimal', allocations. Finally, we show that for the optimal and near optimal designs, the quite complex asymptotic sampling distribution derived by Li et al. (2018), is well approximated by a normal distribution.


e15558 Background: Approximately 50%-60% of CRC pts develop metastases, usually to liver and lung. When feasible, MR is the only potentially curative option in the multimodal management of mCRC pts. Few studies have compared survival outcomes based on different surgical sites with contrasting data. Hence, we retrospectively analyzed mCRC pts, underwent radical lung and/or liver resection at our Institution, investigating the impact of resection site on overall survival (OS). Methods: mCRC pts underwent radical liver (group 1), lung (group 2) or liver and lung (group 3) resection were included. The following variables were collected: age ( > vs ≤ 65 years); gender (male vs female); primary tumor site (right vs left); synchronous vs metachronous; RAS/BRAF status; number (N) of MR (1, 2 or ≥3); chemotherapy treatment (No treatment vs Post-operative vs Peri-operative/pre-operative treatment) and chemotherapy regimen (5FU monotherapy, Oxaliplatin-based, Irinotecan-based regimen, FOLFOXIRI, Bevacizumab, Anti-EGFR). The association of MR site and OS was evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses for OS were performed. Results: A total of 191 mCRC pts underwent radical MR were included in the analysis: 112 (59%) pts in group 1, 38 pts (20 %) in group 2, 41 pts (21 %) in group 3. 145 (76%) pts had a left-sided tumor and 46 (24%) a right-sided tumor. Out of 156 evaluable pts, 73 (47%) pts harbored a RAS mutation, while out of 136 evaluable pts, 4 (3%) pts had a BRAF mutation. Regarding the N of MR, 125 pts (65%) underwent 1 radical MR, 43 (23%) pts 2 MR and 23 (12%) ≥3 MR. In the overall population, median OS was 77.2 months. According to MR site, median OS was 59.4, not reached (NR) and 99.1 months, in group 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p = 0.075). At the multivariate analysis no significant association with OS was shown for MR site, while the N of MR and RAS status were indipendently associated with OS. Median OS was 58.5, 97.7 months and NR in pts underwent 1, 2 and ≥3 MR, respectively (p = 0.02). Median OS was 58.5 and 83.1 months in RAS mutated and RAS wild-type pts, respectively (p = 0.12). Conclusions: Despite the limited number of pts and the retrospective nature of our study, these results confirmed that surgery represents the only option with curative intent for mCRC pts, independently of metastatic site (liver vs lung vs liver and lung). Based on our analysis, a higher number of MR is associated to a better outcome, and this could be explained with an accurate selection of patients that could benefit from multiple radical resections. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach is essential for the management of mCRC pts and surgery should be evaluated case by case and always performed when possible, even several times, independently of site of MR.


The aim of this paper is to explore and provide guidance to practitioners on how they can possibly use Enterprise Content Management Systems (ECMS) to support their highly standardized business processes. Case studies were conducted in two types of organizations that emphasized standardized business processes namely an auto finance company and a retail chain store. It was learnt that organizations main objective in using ECMS is to support their daily businesses and work practices. However, it appears that ECMS-use is also influence by other factors such as the workplace environment and often influenced by management decisions. Therefore, based on the data gathered, this study explored and understand how ECMS is being used from the perspective of organizational business processes, work practices, other organizational structures and the work environment (that include management, users and others). Putting all these factors into account, it was found that organizations that are highly integrated can benefit from these types of technology when using ECMS for: (1) sharing standardized information (e.g. policies), building application that support standardized processes (e.g. approval and purchasing processes) and (3) decision making that can be applied throughout the company. These findings benefits business and IT managers in such that there is a guide for organizations that are highly standardized to support employees in achieving their intended ECMS-use, to understand reasons for ECMS failures and underutilization and to exploit technologies investments.


This core presentation represents work in progress of the first author's Master's thesis. Following the completion of the Industrial Partners Program project entitled "The Lower Paleozoic: A New Frontier in the Western Canada Basin" by The Geological Survey of Canada - and Dr. F.J. Hein of The and others (reported in Hein and Nowlan, 1998), it was recommended that the Lower Paleozoic of Western Canada needed further study, particularly the subsurface Cambrian interval.


Spar technology has been used in offshore oil and gas exploration successfully for number of years for drilling, production and storage in deepwater. The motion response of floating structures especially the heave response in particular, is very important to the selection of suitable drilling and production equipments. Reduction of heave response can be achieved by attaching a heave damping plate to the keel of a Spar. This has been used in the past. Experimental and numerical studies on such devices of various diameters under regular waves has been carried out and presented. The experiments were conducted on a 1: 100 scale model of Spar designed for a water depth of 245m with a payload of 10000 tonnes and the numerical analysis was carried out using ANSYS AQWA software. Numerical and experimental values of RAOs for surge, pitch and heave compares reasonably well. Measured and numerical results of RAOs for surge, pitch and heave and the effect of diameter ratio, wave steepness, and mooring line pretension were presented and discussed. An optimum heave response is achieved when the heave plate diameter is 20% to 30% larger than the diameter of the spar.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


With the ever-increasing importance of temporal transistor variations during circuit run time and aging, this paper focuses on impacts of the two major temporal effects: the Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) and Random Telegraph Noise (RTN), illustrating their scaling trend, challenges, and potential solutions for future design robustness.


This article analyzes the evolution of the feudal rent in a Valencian seigneurial estate especially well documented, the marquisate of Llombai, possession of the dukes of Gandia, in a very comprehensive period that runs from 1486 to 1819. The study analyzes the nominal rent (raw and net, that is to say, the quantities effectively perceived by the landlord) as well as the real or deflated rent, the most interesting one taking into consideration that the evolution of the prices is considered. This last shows a downward tendency during the 16th century, pointing out that it could not resist the so called price revolution; a recovery in the 17th century, once surmounted the strong crisis brought about by the expulsion of the Moriscos, and finally a new decline since the middle of the 18th century, this time as a result of the combined effect of rising prices as well as of the opposition to the payment of the seigneurial dues.


The synthesis of renewable jet fuel with lignocellulosic platform components has drawn a lot of attention in recent years. So far, most of work was concentrated on the production of conventional jet fuels. JP-10 is an advanced jet fuel which is obtained from fossil energy nowadays. Due to its excellent properties, JP-10 has been widely used in military aircraft. However, the high price and low availability limit its application in civil aviation. Here, we reported a new strategy for the synthesis of bio-JP-10 fuel with furfuryl alcohol which has been produced in industrial scale with agricultural and forestry residues. Under the optimized conditions, high overall carbon yields (~65%) of bio-JP-10 fuel were achieved. A preliminary economic analysis indicates that the price of bio-JP-10 fuel can be greatly decreased from ~7,091 US$/ton (by fossil route) to less than 5,600 US$/ton using our new strategy. This work makes the practical application of bio-JP-10 fuel in sight.


Thalamic neurons play an important role as a relay station for the transmission of sensorimotor signal to the cortex. In this study, a Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) type thalamic neuron model was designed and implemented on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). In order to reduce hardware resources, the Finite State Machine (FSM) was proposed to control the data flow of Look-Up-Tables (LUTs) modeling nonlinear functions of the thalamic model. Besides, LUTs were controlled to seek different values in different clock periods. The simulation error between hardware and software implementation methods are analyzed. Compared to the original implementation that each nonlinear function is implemented with one LUT, the hardware implementation method proposed in this paper reduces memory resources by about 61 %, but increases the logical resources by 24%. It reduces the overall cost of resource, which lays the foundation for us to realize the large-scale neural network.


This paper looks at the (re)presentation of ageing in Carol Shields' The Stone Diaries. In an attempt to unmask society's ageist attitudes towards its elderly, the research attempts to analyse ageing through the prism of gender as surely ageing is worse for women than it is for men. The research sheds light on how the old person is viewed just as an old body which is also genderless and therefore expected to be devoid of any carnal desires. As the novel revolves around a narrative within the novel's narrative, the paper also sees how Daisy, the ageing protagonist, loses her self behind her narrative. Her self is also in perpetual submersion due to her hyper-visible ageing body. SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH ONLINE ISSN: 2582-3574 PRINT ISSN: 2582-4406 Vol. 8, Issue 1, January 2020 145 www.ijellh.com Her sagging skin and wrinkles are the only assertions that the world registers from her side while her selfhood and identity are either erased or ignored. The novel's story follows Daisy through her tumultuous life but this paper attempts to live it with her. So while Daisy composes her life story, her life composes her story which eventually begins to foreground her to the extent that she is completely submerged in her story and ultimately dies in a nursing home in Florida. Her death bringing relief to her family is the peak of ageism that the story throws in our faces. She lived as an association— a mother, a grandmother, an aunty, a wife, a widow; and died as an old woman and nothing more.


EnglishThis research was conducted to propose a classification of the coefficient of variation (CV%) in many categories of variables of production and carcass of beef cattle experiments. The data was collected from theses and dissertations. We used the methods of classification considering mean and standard deviation, and considering median and pseudo-sigma. The two methods showed similar results so both can be used to classify CV%. We propose only three categories to rank CV%: low, medium and high. Key words: animal science; animal experimentation; variability portuguesNeste trabalho propoe-se a classificacao do coeficiente de variacao (CV%) para diversas categorias de variaveis de producao e carcaca de experimentos com gado de corte. Os dados foram coletados de teses e dissertacoes. Foram empregados metodos de classificacao considerando media e desvio padrao, e considerando mediana e pseudo-sigma. Os dois metodos mostraram resultados similares e ambos podem ser utilizados para classificar o CV%. Propoe-se, tambem, a classificacao do CV% em apenas tres categorias: baixo, medio e alto. Palavras-chave: zootecnia; experimentacao animal; variabilidade


Most studies suggest that family background has strong effect on earnings both directly and indirectly through the returns to own education. However, such effects might reflect the influence of family background on entry into work rather than a productive effect on earnings. The paper uses data from a survey of sixteen to twenty-nine year olds in urban Ethiopia to examine the impact of family background on selection into work and earnings. Family background strongly influences entry into the public sector; accounting for such selection removes its impact on earnings. This contrasts with the persistence of family background effects on private sector earnings. Copyright 1996 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd


The rapid advancement of mobile device technologies with a wide variety of applications has led to changes in contemporary society. In this new scenario, behaviors, forms of communication and interactions became increasingly dynamic. In the educational field, mobile applications used as a didactic resource also have the potential to transform pedagogical processes, especially among digital natives. We asked in our research if the use of educational mobile applications in the classroom can favor the teaching and learning of Probability and Statistics, especially in students of the modality of Youth and Adult Education, High School. Given this question, we developed a research with the objective of evaluating the acquisition of skills and competences in the area of mathematics, using educational mobile applications. A field research was conducted with 46 EJA module IV students from a Rio de Janeiro State Network college. The students were divided into groups, where one group used mobile applications as a didactic resource and the other did not. Data were collected through tests, questionnaire and observations. Given this, it was found that the results presented demonstrate that educational mobile applications can motivate and help students solve mathematical activities, as well as favoring the learning process of students in EJA High School.


Theodore J. Karamanski, head of Loyola University's public history program and director of the Mid-American Research Center, argues that actually doing projects rather than staying in the classroom is the best way for students to learn the realities of public history. This way they vividly discover the needs of clients and learn how they can fulfill them as practicing professionals. "Experiential learning," Karamanski suggests, is indeed another term for professional training, which should take the student far beyond the comfortable and theoretical posture of the typical graduate seminar. The rewards of such an approach, supplementing traditional historical fundamentals with "hands-on" training, can be "seminars sparked by the electricity of innovation."


A case of mesenteric arterio‐venous fistula discovered at laparotomy for a right loin stab wound is presented. A review of the available literature highlights a number of features about mesenteric arterio‐venous fistulas. This case is unusual in that the fistula was present at primary laparotomy, and it documents the pathological findings in a mesenteric arterio‐venous fistula only 11 hours old.


Note on the transliteration of Persian and Turkish Publisher's Preface. Preface. Introduction. Part I The Origins of Reformism in Bukhara 1 Bukhara on the Eve of the Russian Conquest. 2 The Russian Conquest: Bukhara Face-to-Face with Capitalism and the West. 3 Preambles to Reformism. Part 2 In Search of an Ideology, 1900-17 4 National Awakening in Turkistan. 5 Beginnings of Reformation in Bukhara. 6 Era of the Secret Societies, 1910-14. Part 3 National Reconquest, 1917-24 7 End of the Russian Empire: Bukhara Face-to-Face with War and Revolution. 8 The October Revolution. Alliance between the Jadids and the Bolsheviks. 9 The People's Republic of Bukhara. Conclusion. Appendix 1 Dynasties and Rulers of the Khanate of Bukhara. Appendix 2 Statutes of the Benevolent Society of Bukhara for the Dissemination of Knowledge among the Masses. Appendix 3 The Emir of Bukhara's Manifesto of 30 March 1917. Appendix 4 Reform Programme for Bukhara, drawn up by the Young Bukharan Party. Notes. Select Bibliography. Supplementary Select Bibliography. Glossary of Arabic, Persian and Turkish Terms. Index of Subjects. Index of Names.


This paper presents the work being conducted in our laboratory on direct driving of HPM load using opening switch consisting of electrically exploding wire array. Using the opening switch, desired voltage profile required for driving the load has been achieved and HPM has been generated along with making the complete system compact and portable which otherwise is difficult to envisage.