Rural roads carry approximately 40 percent of the vehicle miles traveled in the United States, yet annually they account for nearly 55 percent of the fatalities. In 2006, there were 23,339 vehicle fatalities in rural areas compared with 18,359 that occurred in urban areas. This is even more alarming considering that only 23 percent of the U.S. population resides in rural areas. Further, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA's) Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), the fatality rate for rural crashes is more than twice the fatality rate in urban crashes. The fatality rate for rural areas in 2006 was 2.25 fatalities per 100 million vehicle miles traveled (VMT), compared with 0.93 fatalities per 100 million VMT in urban areas. Rural areas in the United States face a number of highway safety challenges that contribute to the severity of and frequency of accidents, including: (1) seat belt usage; (2) speed; (3) impaired drivers; (4) post-crash; and (5) implementation challenges. Outdated roadway design and roadside hazards such as utility poles, sharp-edged pavement drop-offs, and trees close to the roadway also are major contributors to the severity of rural crashes.


Diffusivities of several proteins or protein variants in nonadsorbing rigid-polymer and bonded-phase-silica chromatographic media were determined using pulsed-field-gradient NMR of both proton and fluorine nuclei. Solute size, pore size, and concentration all affect the intraparticle diffusivity. The intraparticle diffusivity of proteins is well represented by a hindered diffusion of a sphere in a long cylinder and a tortuosity factor of 2.0 for a ratio of solute diameter to pore diameter ranging from 0 to 0.3. An investigation of the effects of fluorine labeling on protein chemistry and hydrodynamics revealed that the extensive fluorine labeling denatured the protein, increasing its effective Stokes radius. The fluorine labeling did not, however, significantly alter the intraparticle diffusivity variation dependence on protein and pore sizes.


A simple, rapid, and quantitative GLC procedure was developed for the determination of sorbitol in solid and aqueous solution forms. The method utilizes the ability of n-butylboronic acid to convert sorbitol quantitatively to the cyclic n-butylboronate ester. Preparation of the sample is simple, and the reaction goes rapidly to completion. Baseline separation and peak symmetry are obtained for sorbitol, mannitol, and galactitol. A procedure for establishing a sorbitol reference standard is presented.


In view of the fast development of technical know-how and speedy changes of a product life cycle,legal system is challenged by high technique as well as there are differences between various nations or companies.How to increase the nation's industrial competition and enhance the enterprise's core competence through the effective transfer of technical know-how is import issue.The contribution of technical know-how in share consideration can encourage the technical providers to create cooperation with shareholder who require the information as well as look for the biggest revenue of company.To build up the rationales and theories,legislator can set forth the implementation rules by adopting other countries' law system to enact the related regulation and practice。While study and evaluate the necessity of applying those capital theory developed from technical know-how contribution in share consideration to the Chinese market,follow that the possibility of the up-grade of Chinese high technique quality and competitive advantage of Chinese companies.


t is no secret that the budgetary environment for academic research funding has been more challenging than ever during the last six years. Flat federal funding for academic science and engineering research, increased competition and lower success rates for grants, heightened rivalry for top faculty talent and a larger burden of costs for research compliance make these uncertain times for university research. Despite these challenges, it is more important than ever that universities continue to grow their research enterprise.


A seroprevalence investigation of human brucellosis was carried out in Kuku Dairy Scheme, Sudan. A total of 176 serum samples were collected and screened by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). The positive sera were further examined using Tube Agglutination Test (TAT) and c-Elisa. The seropositivity was 15.9%, 14.8% and 11.4% using RBPT, TAT and c-Elisa respectively. Whereas, the active infection based on seropositivity and clinical signs were 4.6%, 4.6% and 2.3% in case of RBPT, TAT and c-Elisa respectively. Based on c-Elisa result the infected individuals were further subjected to clinical examination and treated with streptomycin and doxocycline for six weeks.


This paper analyzes the connotation,the concept,the training aim,ability's structure and characteristics,and the implement's request of the practical teaching pattern of the integration of production,education and research in graphic design speciality of higher vocational academy,then sets forth that it is propitious for us to use this pattern in training and improving the students' overall vocational ability.


Reviewing the history of architectural space discourses, this paper analyzes the dominant space ideas of space as enclosure'in early modernism and 'space as continuum' in high modernism, and explores the myth of modern space, that is space as purposiveness of object and space as infinite, abstract physical measure. Finally this paper analyzes space in the totality of existential world on the standpoint of phenomenology, and points out that existential structure of understanding-interpretation forms the basis of meaning of place (architecture).


This paper presents an overview and history of the knowledge management KM research community at the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences HICSS. This community began as a mini-track in HICSS-27 and has since evolved into full track status with the name Knowledge, Innovation, and Entrepreneurial Systems for HICSS-50. The purpose of this paper is to acquaint KM researchers with a rich history of high quality KM research that has evolved through a series of name changes.


Fluid-rock interactions play a critical role in Earth's lithosphere and in engineered subsurface systems. In the absence of chemical mass transport, mineral-hydration reactions will be accompanied by a solid-volume increase that may induce differential stresses and associated reaction-induced deformation processes, such as dilatant fracturing to increase fluid permeability. However, the magnitudes of stresses that manifest in natural systems remain poorly constrained. Here we show that the simplest hydration reaction in nature MgO + H2O⇔ Mg(OH)2 can induce stresses of several hundred megapascals, with local stresses up to ∼1.5 GPa. We demonstrate that these stresses are dissipated not only by fracturing but also induce plastic deformationwith dislocation densities (10^15m−2) exceeding those typical of tectonically deformedrocks. If these reaction-induced stresses can be transmitted across larger length scales they may influence the bulk stress state of reacting regions. Moreover, the structural damage induced may be the first step towards catastrophic rock failure, triggering crustal seismicity.


Forest stand structure is a function of many natural, ecological and anthropogenic processes. Currently, most growth models are empirically based on size attributes in stands. These model types are based on the assumption that wood growth is a function of the amount of wood present. Using leaf area as a determinant of density and structure applies physiological and ecological processes to stand growth. Models based on leaf area may reflect growth dynamics (i.e. differentiation) within the stand, while others assume all trees of similar sizes to have the same growth rate. The well-established leaf area-sapwood area (LA:SA) relationship may be used to estimate biologically-significant growth model parameters. The objectives of this study are 1) to validate the relationship between the leaf area and the sapwood area for Abies balsamea (L.) Miller and Picea rubens (Sarg.) in Maine; 2) to quantify a growth modifier for individual trees; and 3) to better model the growth of managed stands based on crown dynamics. Data from destructive sampling during the summer of 2003 was used to estimate tree-level specific leaf area (SLA) based on the LA:SA relationship. This instance of SLA estimation is comparable to that of Gilmore et al. (1996) and to a crown length model (Valentine et al. 1994) to evaluate its effectiveness for estimating leaf area. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the model's performance across several variables, including site, age, and crown position. Inter-model comparisons were evaluated following the methods of Kenefic and Seymour (1999) and Gilmore et al. (1996). By using growth increment cores taken at all sites during the 2003 field season, this study attempted to reconstruct past leaf area based on constructed LA:SA equations. Stand growth was projected 5 years with Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS Northeast variant – U.S. Forest Service, Growth Management Service Center) using the reconstructed growth data. FVS results were compared to the actual growth change observed from the radial increment record. Volume increment (VINC) to projected leaf area relationships were compared across sites with ANOVA. Ratios of prior VINC to current VINC were compared to investigate its use as a growth potential modifier. Several parameters were tested in order to construct a growth potential modifier that most improves the FVS Northeast variant growth model performance.


We extend the seminal work by Polyanskiy (2017) on massive uncoordinated access to the case where the number of active users is random and unknown a priori. We define a random-access code accounting for both misdetection (MD) and false-alarm (FA), and derive a random-coding achievability bound for the Gaussian multiple access channel. Our bound captures the fundamental trade-off between MD and FA probabilities. It suggests that lack of knowledge of the number of active users entails a small penalty in power efficiency. For a typical scenario, to achieve both MD and FA probabilities below 0.1, the required energy per bit predicted by our bound is 0.5–0.7 dB higher than that predicted by the bound in Polyanskiy (2017) for a known number of active users. Taking both MD and FA into account, we use our bound to benchmark the energy efficiency of some recently proposed massive random access schemes.


Sphalerite is a cubic form of ZnS–FeS solid solution and is the most important mineral of hydrothermal sulfide polymetallic ores. It has been suggested to use the composition of this solid solution as an indicator of physical-chemical conditions of the ore formation (temperature, pressure and S2 fugacity). The solution of these problems primarily depends on the investigation of thermodynamic properties of the solid solution. The first classic data on the study of Zn–Fe–S ternary system [Barton and Toulmin, 1966] are the basis for sub-regular symmetric model [Fleet, 1975]. It as constructed only for 850 °C and 1 bar and characterized by the maximum positive excess energy of ZnS and FeS mixing at mole fraction XFeS = 0.5. The data at T = 580–850 °C [Barton and Toulmin, 1966] and results at T = 331–524 °C [Scott and Barnes, 1971] were used to construct the asymmetric model of ZnS and FeS mixing [Hutcheon, 1978]. The cluster variation method (CVM) is also applied, which calls for detailing of the matter structure and sophisticated numerical approach, to the sphalerite solid solution [Balabin and Sack, 2000]. The integrated model of sphalerite mixing [Delgado and Soler, 2005] is supposed to be the most convenient for use. These authors have analyzed the results in the space of P-T variables for pyritepyrrhotite-sphalerite and troilite-sphalerite associations on the basis of great set of data (279 experiments according to the published data). The asymmetric model with the calculated values of FeS ( sph FeS  ) and ZnS ( sph ZnS  ) activity coefficients, excess Gibbs energy (Gex) and Gibbs energy of mixing (Gmix) has been constructed. The model, in the view of the authors, has predictive properties in the temperature range 300– 850 °C and pressures 1–10000 bar. If no model of sphalerite non-ideality is available, one can only use the apparatus of the ideal solid solution ZnS-FeS ( sph FeS  and sph ZnS  = 1) for the computer simulation of equilibria in the hydrothermal systems involing sphalerite. We have created "ZnS_FeS" external module, which works together with Gibbs program and Unitherm thermodynamic database [Shvarov, 2008], to account for non-ideality of the solid solution. It is based on the functional relationships between sph FeS  and sph ZnS  activity coefficients and sphalerite composition [Delgado and Soler, 2005]. The goal of the calculation with "ZnS_FeS" module was to demonstrate its methodological possibilities and to check the correspondence to the literature experimental data. The obtained data made it possible to forecast the compositional changes of sphalerite in the series of its associations with pyrite and pyrrhotite, pyrite and magnetite, pyrite and barite at 200-300 °C as a function of S2 fugacity.


General education is generally studied as an important issue in higher education,but little attention is paid to notice the problem of general education pre and post-higher education.General education should not be limited in the field of higher education.If taking general education in colleges and universities as reference,general education inevitably would be expanded to the stage of pre and post-higher education.Primary school teachers are impossible to receive general education in colleges or universities,so they have to carry on general education by themselves.They are required to banish pragmatism and fickleness to establish a suitable structure of the content.More importantly,they need to persevere in this course.


Although some data put in question direct involvement of sirtuins in extending human lifespan, it was documented that proper lifestyle including physical activity and diet can influence healthspan via increasing the level of sirtuins


Background: Stock market indexes are widely used as investment strategies and as a benchmark when portfolios are being constructed and evaluated. Researchers have recently questioned the capital weighted index in favor of other available weighting schemes. By comparing alternative weighted indexes to the traditionally capital weighted index one has been made aware of the significantly lower risk adjusted performance for the capital weighted index. Aim: Our aim is to investigate in alternative weighting schemes used on the Swedish index OMXS30 and evaluate the historical performance of these alternative indexes in comparison to the traditionally capital weighted index during the period 1995-2011. Furthermore, our objective is to analyze the effects alternative weighting schemes have on portfolio optimization through Single-Index Model. Completion: To fulfill the purpose of this thesis, five alternative weighting schemes have been applied on the Swedish index OMXS30. The weights have been calculated on fundamental measures, Sharpe ratios, standard deviation, equally weighted and trade volume and they have been compared to the traditionally cap-weighted index. Furthermore, the constructed indexes will be used to optimize portfolios with Single Index Model to compare the portfolios characteristics when different indexes have been used. Results/Findings: The majority of the alternative weighted indexes generate significantly higher returns in one of our analyzed periods and this was during a market recession. For the total analyzed period no statistical differences among the indexes could be determined even though differences in total return are made clear. The indexes had a big effect on the portfolio optimization in terms of different share allocation.


A liquid crystal display of the present invention includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, the first and the plurality of pixels each having a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer disposed between two electrodes. A liquid crystal display device is disposed on the first electrode side of the liquid crystal layer, a first alignment control means in a stripe shape having a first width, being disposed on the second electrode side of the liquid crystal layer, a stripe-like agent having a second width It defined between the second alignment regulating means, first and second alignment control unit, and further includes a first liquid crystal region of a stripe shape having a width of 3. The third width is in the range of 7㎛~12㎛. The liquid crystal display, vertical alignment liquid crystal layer, the pixel, the alignment control means, the stripe


1 Apart from these four ciboria, there were at least one further Gothic ciborium in Rome in the 14 century, namely the so called Madonnaciborium in S. Giovanni in Laterano, made in 1297, cf. Peter Cornelius Clausen, Magistri Doctissimi Romani: die romische Marmorkunstler des Mittelalters (Corpus cosmatorum I), Stuttgart, 1987, p. 216. Today, only a few fragments survive, placed in the lapidarium of the basilica. I will not only refer to it here since it can not be stated whether a mosaic it is thought to have possessed was an authentic or later added decoration, cf. the drawing by Greuter (Bibl.Naz.Centr.18.4.G.23), published in Giovanni Maggi, Le sette chiese di Roma, 1651 and in Claussen 1987, p. 217. For an historical outline of ciboria in gengeral, see Anna Maria D'Achille, "Ciborio", Enciclopedia dell'Arte Medievale, 4, Roma, 1993, pp. 718-735, Guiseppe Zander, "Considerazioni su un tipo di ciborio in uso a Roma nel Rinascimento", Bolletino d'Arte, No. 26, 1984, pp. 99-106 and Federico Guibaldi, "I cyboria d'altare a Roma fino al IX secolo", Mededelingen van het Nederlands Instituut te Rome, Vol. 59, 2001, pp. 55-70. For the style and typology of the Gothic ciboria, see Ragnhild M. Bo, "Det gotiske ciboriet i Roma 1285-1370. Romersk tradisjon og fransk innflytelse", Konsthistorisk Tidsskrift,Vol. 74, No.1, 2005, pp. 25-48. For a complete list of reliquary cibories in Rome and questions about their genesis and function, see Peter Cornelius Claussen, "Il tipo romano del ciborio con reliquie: questioni aperte sulla genesi e la funzione", Mededelingen van het Nederlands Instituut te Rome, Vol. 59, 2001, pp. 229-249. Revista


Taking the hydro-generator for the Three Gorges power plant as an example, this paper expounds it is very necessary for large_capacity hydro-generator to adopt arc-extinguishing coil grounding. In resonant neutral grounding a small series resistance in the branch of arc-extinguishing coil can play the role to limit the transferring over-voltage, and its value must be checked from two sides of transferring over-voltage and fault current. The transferring over-voltage caused by coupling capacitance meets the insulation level of generator, the reliability of stator ground fault protection using fundamental zero-sequence voltage ought to be analyzed considering the influence of the transferring voltage, the cases verify the transferring voltage can cause the maloperation of protection.


The article is devoted to the realization of the subjective law of municipal property which is possible only in those ways which give us the image of the subject of this law. The criteria that can define the presence of such an image concerning civil circulation are name and interest.


Combining hurdling and running between the hurdles is an important skill in the hurdle race.The students can lower technical difficulty and improve sports level by grasping the skill well. They can learn some basic skill points and training ways about the skill and combine hurdling and running between the hurdles in their trainning and study.


Since the crossed–uncrossed difference technique was first described by Poffenberger [Arch. Psychol. 23, 1–73 (1912)], it has been used numerous times to measure interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT) of visuomotor information via the commissural system [see Marzi, Bisiacchi, and Nicoletti, Neuropsychologia 29, 1163–1177 (1991), for a review]. In spite of its widespread use by vision researchers, this technique has never been used to measure IHTT of audiomotor information. In the present study, audiologically normal dextral listeners made a simple reaction time response to brief spatialized bursts of broadband noise presented dichotically over insert earphones. For each listener, one block of 120 trials was completed with each hand. Half of the stimuli in each of the response conditions (right/left hand) were presented in the right hemifield, the remaining half in the left hemifield. Crossed–uncrossed differences were computed for each listener. Results will be discussed in terms of IHTT for audiomotor information and the possibility of cerebral lateralization of auditory localization processing.


Trans fatty acid such as trans-octadecenoic acid (trans C18:1) in goat milk could be detected using silver-ion thin layer chromatography. Measurement of trans fatty acid content of goat milk derived from 8 Peranakan Etawah (PE) goats. The goats were divided into 2 groups in which group 1 was fed by elephant grass while group 2 was fed by native grass. The study showed that the proportion of trans fatty acid toward total fatty acid in group 1 and group 2 were 1.04% and 2.04% respectively. It was concluded that native grass could increase the proportion of trans fatty acid. Vaccenic acid trans-11 (C18:1) was the main content of trans fatty acid isomer in goat milk. Key words : Trans fatty acid, Goat milk, PE


century already forecasted the essential characteristic of the currentmillennium: the search for meaning and authenticity. This new ethic presupposed different expressions: acause, a purpose, a search for identity, dignity and quality of life. It is supported by the intense search for acause and, at the same time, by the understanding that, in order to be truly healthy and noble, the cause mustbe a purpose that extrapolates itself.In our times, the ethical dimension considers that a person's goal in this life is to live so as to contributeto the offering of conditions to allow people from upcoming generations to live better. It is an investment that,in order to continue, expects some profitability in the long term but, mainly, it is an investment to help others...it is the act of generously investing in the creation, formation, understanding, construction of the other...Believing in what we do makes us committed to people's goodness and, consequently, makes uspenetrate their lives to the extent that they allow this.Work in this trajectory is hard and challenging, but also profoundly rewarding and stimulating, as thevalues used here are loaded with sensitivity and careful attention.People whose lives are directed at objectives and goals whose importance they acknowledge areseeking completeness and, consequently, possess and demonstrate true joy.The ideas exposed here are compatible with the premises of serving leadership, according to whichrespect, welcoming, commitment and care with people are values inherent in a great leader whose mission isto service.The Latin American Journal of Nursing has attempted to follow the guidelines of this ethic which,actually, is not new, but needs to be and is being recovered. Thus, the people involved in this cause – includingtheir stakeholders - have dedicated themselves, joining reason and affection, to receiving and offering thisknowledge communication service to our clients.It is due to its commitment to a global clientele that this service puts down frontiers and is graduallyachieving the goal of publishing its entire contents in three languages, guaranteeing quality and the accessibilityof the methodology and the SciELO base.


A ccording to a 17th century legend, while living in Peru, the Countess of Chinchon fell ill with a tertian fever. Upon hearing of her illness, the governor of Loja (now southern Ecuador) sent a packet of "quina quina." Administration of the powdered bark within the packet resulted in complete recovery. After returning to Spain, the countess distributed this wondrous powder to anyone living on her estates who had recurrent fevers, curing nearly all. This legend, although widely believed and often repeated, does not hold up to scrutiny.1,2


Thank you very much for downloading understanding by design professional development workbook. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this understanding by design professional development workbook, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer.


Standard high-sensitivity Au-SiNx metal-dielectric bi-morph probes suffer from large thermally-induced deflections (≥2μm) at elevated temperature, making measurements difficult or impossible. This study describes the design, fabrication, and testing of CTE-matched AFM probes aimed to eliminate probe bending during thermal loading. After a brief introduction to the problem, 15 metal-dielectric combinations are modeled to determine the most favorable combinations. Following this analysis, Ti-coated, Cr-coated, and Ti-Ge-coated SiNx probes are fabricated and thermally tested using a confocal microscope. The Ti-Ge-coated samples demonstrated minimal thermal deflection at temperatures as high as 100°C.


Before a transparent body such as the front housing for a mobile phone with a like injection various number or logo when forming the printing process, the back of the film around the transparent body, improve the workability for manufacturing the extrudate to form the back and, different types of patterns on the transparent body to form a three-dimensional appearance that allows sikilsu increase the surface of the extrudate, Extrudate structure of a transparent object according to one embodiment of the present design is the transparent extrudate which, injection molding, And processing the first print portion printed on the back surface, is seated in the mold inner side to the injection molding the extrudate, the melting molding in front of an injection molded article in molding the extrudate first printed layer of a transparent material to protect the extrudate surface and , And processing a second print portion printed on the front, it is secured to the mold inside the other to injection molding the extrudate, and a second printing layer that are fused forming a back surface of the extrudate during the molding of the extrudate, Claim is expressed so as to have a three-dimensional information, the printing of the second print layer through the transparent surface of the extrudate. The three-dimensional cell phone case, a film, injection molding of a transparent structure


Computational modeling of the oxygen regulatory system has shown how signals conducted upstream from capillaries change the flow pattern in the arteriole tree. The simulation showed that the hemodynamic response to higher frequency oscillations (period 30 sec) is attenuated relative to lower frequency oscillations (period 90 sec). To test this prediction in vivo, a custom O2 gas chamber is used to supply O2 at the surface of exposed skeletal muscle and a sequence of 3 oscillations (1st and 3rd 30 sec period, 2nd 90 sec period, see figure) were generated. The hemodynamic response in capillaries to this stimulus was quantified using intravital video microscopy and a functional image analysis system (RBC velocity and hematocrit to yield RBC supply rate, SR). The RBC supply rate response supported the results from the computational model for the 1st and 2nd sine oscillation. The SR response to the higher frequency oscillation was attenuated to ~60‐70% of the lower frequency stimulus. However, the 3rd sinusoidal oscillation showed no response to the O2 signal suggesting that other factors need to be included in the model. Overall, the model and experimental results support the hypothesis that regulation of O2 supply involves a conducted signal along the arteriolar tree controlling both flow resistance and distribution of RBCs at bifurcations. (NIH R33 HL089094).


The authors describe how a photologging van equipped with a 35-mm cine pulse camera using predetermined increments of distance between each picture frame was used to photograph all 270 miles of roadway in the City of Ann Arbor, Michigan.


Due to severe information degradation, underwater image deblurring remains a challenging ill-posed problem. However, most deep learning models do not adequately exploit the hierarchical features of the original underwater images. They typically use clear images as positive samples to guide the training of image enhancement networks, while neglecting the utilization of negative information. In this paper, we introduce the Residual Dense Block (RDB) and Contrastive Regularization (CR) techniques. By leveraging the local and global feature fusion of RDB and the contrastive learning of CR, our model effectively extracts multi-level features from the original images, adaptively preserves hierarchical features, and achieves high-quality underwater image deblurring through learning from the original images. Experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms other comparative algorithms in terms of subjective visual quality and objective evaluation metrics across four datasets.


Abstract The influence of naphthalene formaldehyde superplasticizers (NFS), lignosulfonate plasticizers (LSP) and silica fume on cement paste properties and complex usage of these admixtures for high-strength concrete production are investigated in this research. These admixtures influence the cement hydration products morphology and properties of hardened cement paste. The degree of cement hydration and Ca(OH)2 content in hardened cement paste were determined for analysis of cement hydration process with admixtures. Mechanical properties and porosity of hardened cement paste with the admixtures were tested. Optimal dosages of plasticizing admixtures and silica fume were estimated and the most efficient method of silica fume adding to concrete mixture was proposed. The results of investigation have been used for high-strength concrete production.


The application relates to an organic electroluminescent material, composition and device and a method for manufacturing the same. A compound having a structure of Formula I is disclosed. Formulations and devices, such as an OLEDs, that include the compound of Formula I, and, optionally a co-host, are also described.


Dijkstra algorithm is not improved in terms of space and time-complexity, the algorithm is muddled to apply in network analysis for enormous test cases. To handle this huge time complexity, advanced structures are applied to enhance Dijkstra algorithm. The use of a keen and numerical procedure speeds up the enhanced Dijkstra by multiple times. In this paper four approaches using advanced data structures like linked list, Fibonacci heap, binary heap and bi-directional Dijkstra are applied and their performance is also analyzed and compared on two classes of graphs, dense and sparse graphs.


Epidemiological studies of lung cancer incidence among uranium miners from various populations around the world have shown a significant variability in the relative risk per unit exposure a range of a factor of 30. A significant fraction of the uncertainty associated with these risk coefficients may be due to differences in the methods and quality of data used in calculating cumulative exposures, in Working Level Months (WLM), for the various miner populations. We hypothesize that in vivo measurement of Pb, a long-lived radon decay product, retained in bone will provide a better measure of the exposure of individual miners to radon and progeny during their mining careers. To accomplish these in vivo measurements, the Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute (LRRI) In Vivo Bioassay Facility (IVBF) was modified to optimize a counting geometry for measuring Pb in the skull. Six phoswich detectors (12.7 cm diameter) were positioned about the head of a reclining subject (one posterior, one anterior, and four on the sides of the head), and photon emission from the skull was measured using anticoincidence multichannel analysis electronics. To date, we have analyzed the in vivo measurement data from about 90 former uranium miners from the Grants, New Mexico (NM), mining district. The recorded WLM exposures for each uranium miner (data from the UNM epidemiological data base) were compared with a WLM exposure calculated using a Pb biokinetic model coupled to the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract dosimetry model. The analyses show that the independent measures of exposure are statistically correlated but vary greatly among individual values.


In an attempt to improve the quality of lighting in the office building, this investigation studied the possible use of directional fluorescent lighting as a means of introducing contrasts in a traditionally diffued lighting amsphere. In particular it was hoped that directional lighting could model the human face more pleasantly. The effectiveness of directional lighting was evaluated using four different colour temperatures. The results suggested that directional lighting greatly improved the visual atmosphere of the office, while the appreciation of colour temperature was found to be equally pleasant at certain temperatures. Directional lighting with a 6000K fluorescent lamp was generally regarded as being unpleasant.


Abstract This work develops dual or complementary variational principles for functional with delayed argument. Local conditions for the existence of a pair of dual extremum principles are given. It extends the results of B. Noble to the case with delayed argument.


[1] The temporal-spatial structure and the formation mechanisms of the South China Sea (SCS) circulation are studied using the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). The model well reproduces the observed sea surface height (SSH) annual cycle and some current system such as the SCS Western Boundary Current (SCSWBC) system and the Kuroshio Loop Current (KLC). Four sensitivity experiments are carried out to reveal the dynamic mechanisms of the SCS circulation. The results show that most of the seasonal variability of the SCS is controlled predominantly by wind forcing. The Kuroshio affects the mean SSH significantly but contribute little to the variability. The SCSWBC system consists of the SCS Warm Current (SCSWC) and the Vietnam Coastal Current (VCC). In winter the SCSWBC splits into two branches separated at similar to14degrees-18degreesN. The northern branch is the SCSWC flowing northward and the southern branch is the VCC flowing southward. In summer, however, the SCSWBC flows unidirectionally northward from the Karimata Strait to the Taiwan Strait. The temporal variation of the SCSWBC, especially the VCC, is determined by the wind forcing over the interior SCS. Buoyancy forcing can strengthen (weaken) the summer (winter) SCSWBC. The KLC is crucial to the SCS circulation north of 18degreesN. It ultimately determines the appearance of the SCSWC in winter.


Abstract This paper presents a new algorithm for lidar data assimilation relying on a new forward model. Current mapping algorithms suffer from multiple shortcomings, which can be related to the lack of clear forward model. In order to address these issues, we provide a mathematical framework where we show how the use of coarse model parameters results in a new data assimilation problem. Understanding this new problem proves essential to derive sound inference algorithms. We introduce a model parameter specifically tailored for lidar data assimilation, which closely relates to the local mean free path. Using this new model parameter, we derive its associated forward model and we provide the resulting mapping algorithm. We further discuss how our proposed algorithm relates to usual occupancy grid mapping. Finally, we present an example with real lidar measurements.


This study aimed to explore Mandarin Chinese teachers' knowledge base in China and the United States. To address this research objective, a curriculum inquiry was conducted on graduate-level Teaching Chinese As a Foreign Language (TCFL) teacher education program curricula in both countries. We analyzed the program curricula based on three domains of knowledge, i.e., subject matter knowledge, procedural knowledge, and contextual knowledge. We conducted a document analysis on the program curricula and semi-structured interviews with four teacher educators. The results revealed that both countries focus on different domains of knowledge. China emphasis subject matters knowledge and the US focuses more on procedural knowledge. With different teacher domain knowledge focus in the program curricula, the results implied that Chinese teachers who were graduated from these programs could possess different knowledge base.


ABSTRACT - This study was carried out to investigate the effect on the growth and antioxidant activities ofCichorium intybus L.(CLE), Cichorium intybus L. var. folisum 'treviso' (CLET), Cichorium intybus L. var. folisum'rosaitaliana' (CLER) in hydroponics added with Cr 3+ or Selenium (Se) for 4 weeks. Total polyphenol, total flavonoidscontents and FRAP values of three species of chicory were grown hydroponically with Cr 3+ or Se were increased.These extracts were also showed stronger DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity than chicory extracts. In particular,chicories added with Cr 3+ had higher antioxidant activities than chicories added with Se. CLER and CLE extractsadded with Cr 3+ were also showed α -glucosidase inhibition activities. These results indicate that chicories were culti-vated in culture fluid added with Cr 3+ or Se could be used as high functional vegetables. Key words : chicory, Cr 3+ , Selenium, antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibition 환경오염으로 인해 자연으로부터 얻는 식품의 오염이 증가하고, 농업 생산성을 높이기 위해 사용되는 각종 농약의 남용으로 인해 식품의 안전성에서 많은 문제가 대두되고 있다


Tree detection has been considered in a number of forest-related applications, mostly related to the need of determining the presence and position of trees, and, in certain cases, the associated biomass. Most of the tree detection methods are typically based on the use of LiDAR surveys, and they often aim either at determining tree crowns or stems. This paper proposes the use of a low cost hand held device to acquire a good spatial description of the area close to the track reachable by the operator holding the acquisition device. Then, a tree detection method based on the local application of the Hough trasform is presented. The performance of the system is checked in an area hit by the Vaia storm in 2018.


Formulas for frequency temperature coefficiente of longitudinal modes and thickness modes of piezoelectric crystals of arbitrary cut are obtained by tensor and matrix clalculation. These temperature coefficients are calculated for lithium niobate, These obtained curves are helpful for use of the crystal.


The taxonomy, distribution, ecology and cultivation requirements of Corydalis aitchisonii Popov (Papaveraceae), a native of Central Asia, are discussed; a full description and illustrations of the species are provided.


Vertical distribution characteristics of temperature of Anji Baicha tea garden was obvious.The diurnal temperature difference was significant and frost tended to happen in early spring.The temperature inversion was the most intense at dawn(05:00).The temperature difference between the site of blower and tea canopy was 4℃.Frost protective effects of the blower system for Anji Baicha tea garden was also obvious during frost weather season,and the mean of temperature was increased by 2.8℃ near tea canopy.Therefore,the blower system can effectively prevent frost damage.The blower system can reduce loss of 1922 yuan for one mu tea garden every year.


Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Conventions used in the Document
3. HIEP Problem Statements 4. HIEP 5. HIEP Frame Format 6. HIEP
Deployment Scenarios 7. Security Considerations 8. IANA Considerations
9. Conclusions 10. References


Since its invention in 1948, the transistor has revolutionized our everyday life - transistor radios and TV's appeared in the early 1960s, personal computers came into widespread use in the mid-1980s, and cellular phones, laptops, and palm-sized organizers dominated the 1990s. The electronics revolution is based upon transistor miniaturization; smaller transistors are faster, and denser circuitry has more functionality. Transistors in current generation chips are 0.25 micron or 250 nanometers in size, and the electronics industry has completed development of 0.18 micron transistors which will enter production within the next few years. Industry researchers are now working to reduce transistor size down to 0.13 micron - a thousandth of the width of a human hair. However, studies indicate that the miniaturization of silicon transistors will soon reach its limit. For further progress in microelectronics, scientists have turned to nanotechnology to advance the science. Rather than continuing to miniaturize transistors to a point where they become unreliable, nanotechnology offers the new approach of building devices on the atomic scale [see sidebar]. One vision for the next generation of miniature electronics is atomic chain electronics, where devices are composed of atoms aligned on top of a substrate surface in a regular pattern. The Atomic Chain Electronics Project (ACEP) - part of the Semiconductor Device Modeling and Nanotechnology group, Integrated Product Team at the NAS Facility has been developing the theory of understanding atomic chain devices, and the author's patent for atomic chain electronics is now pending.


Educated and trained both as a sociocultural anthropologist and as an urban planner, I have had as a career goal combining these disciplinary perspectives in applied settings. I have been particularly interested in issues relating to the implementation of urban public policy from the perspective of the target group(s). While pursuing contract work, I also set for myself the professional task of exploring the roles, methodology, and ethical considerations which might arise in representing the interests of target groups. My immediate goals were, first, to be hired or funded by groups whose problems I would be addressing and, second, to be judged competent (in both the group's and my own estimation) in representing the group's views in the public arena.


ABSTRACT Recent trial- and test-burn data from five rotary kiln incinerator facilities were analyzed for combustion performance and metal emissions. The incinerator facilities examined included: DuPont's Gulf Coast Regional Waste Incinerator in Orange, Texas; Chemical Waste Management's Incinerator in Port Arthur, Texas; Rollins Environmental Service's Incinerator in Deer Park, Texas; Martin Marietta's TSCA Incinerator in Oak Ridge, Tennessee; and EPA's Incineration Research Facility in Jefferson, Arkansas. The analysis involved the use of a PC-based computer program capable of performing material and energy balance calculations and predicting equilibrium compositions based on the minimization of system free energy. For each analysis, the feed data of waste and fuel and the corresponding operating parameters associated with incinerator and/or afterburner operation were input to the program and the program simulated the combustion performance under equilibrium conditions. In the analysis, the field-recorde...


This paper introduces the wind power generator using horizontal axis wind turbine with convergent nozzle. This paper brings a detailed theoretical and practical study of air concentrating nozzle and the optimum nozzle dimensions have been analyzed in detail. Commercial CFD software which is used for the nozzle with different tapering angle has also been analyzed. The length of the nozzle was varied to study its effect on the increase of wind speed for constant inlet and outlet nozzle areas placed at different distances from the wind tunnel. The results of the new wind turbine performance characteristics using concentrating nozzles have also been outlined. We have practically deliberated and constructed a wind power generator, established on this nozzle duct furnished with the optimal nozzle.


This paper studied the synthesis of PES/TiO2 hybrid membrane by sol-gel method.The dispersion degree of TiO2in casting solution was characterized by TEM,the morphology of membrane surface and cross-section by SEM,and the hydriphility tested by contact angle measurement instrument. The results show that,when the adding mass fraction of TiO2gel are 4%,there are amounts of TiO2 nanoparticles distributing evenly on the surface,and only exist fingerlike pores ,the thickness of skin layer increases,inferior layer disappeares. The composite membranes have an excellent water permeability,the hydrophily of the membranes improves,and the resistance of pollution increases.With the increasing of the concentration of TiO2nanoparticles,the TiO2nanoparticles cannot distribute evenly because of the aggregate of nanoparticles.When the membranes suffer an external force,the interior stress of the membrane will be concentrated,and the mechanical property declined.


The processes ! W + W and e ! W are sensitive to triple gauge boson interactions. Both reactions have been simulated for hadronically decaying W-bosons and the sensitivity to anomalous couplings has been estimated.


To maintain self-discipline and abide by academic ethics are the duty of the editors of academic journals,and the key for social science journals to build a good academic ecosystem.In the context of the current deterioration of the part of the academic environment,being confronted with criticism and difficulties,enhancing self-discipline of social science journals,improving the overall quality of the Journal Editor,and establishing the linkage mechanism among the academic individual,academic groups and the whole society,is the only option to improve the quality of academic Journals,promote their healthy growth and create a harmonious academic environment.


This Paper introduces multimedia communication technology and the information management,Then exposes the basic principle of multimedia communication,one of the typical examples is videoconferencing system,real application and the new development of networks communication technology.


This paper compares the effectiveness of three published algorithms for solving the linear fractional programming problem. Consider the problem Maximize f(x) _ (c'x + a)/ (d'x + /8) subject to Ax O, where A E Rrxn, b E Rm; c, d E R ; a, / E R and d'x + / > 0 for all feasible x. Charnes and Cooper [1], Isbell and Marlow [2], and Martos, in his 'simple' case, in [3] and in [4] have each given a technique for solving such a linear fractional programming problem when the constraint set is bounded.' Wagner and Yuan [5] show that for this problem the methods of Charnes and Cooper [1] and Martos [4] are algorithmically equivalent in the sense that the two "algorithms select the same nonbasic variables to enter the next trial solution and remove the same basic variable from the current solution". Here we compare the technique of Isbell and Marlow [2] (which involves the solution of a sequence of linear programs) to those of Charnes-Cooper and Martos. We point out that they are not equivalent, in that the Isbell-Marlow method only checks for optimality of the fractional program at points that are optimal solutions of intermediary linear programs; whereas Charnes-Cooper and Martos check for optimality of the fractional program at each step of the simplex method. Indeed, the Isbell-Marlow method, unlike the other two, may actually reach the optimal vertex and not recognize that the point is optimal. It will then proceed, or try to proceed, to another (nonoptimal) vertex. If the feasible set is bounded, the procedure will eventually return to the optimal point. If the feasible set is unbounded, the Isbell-Marlow method may fail,2 whereas the Charnes-Cooper and Received June 14, 1979; revised November 7, 1980. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 90C05, 90C30. ' Charnes-Cooper [1] and Martos [4] suggest that if the feasible set is unbounded, the problem can be regularized. As described in [4], this involves adding the constraint xI + x2 + * + xn < M for sufficiently large M. 2 We emphasize that solution procedures given by their authors for problems with bounded constraint sets are here being used (without regularization) on problems with unbounded constraint sets. Martos [4] himself gives an example in which his method fails in such a case. Our point here is that the Martos method may succeed where the Isbell-Marlow method does not, and that the Charnes-Cooper will (surprisingly) always obtain a finite optimal, if it exists, even though it is necessary, in a sense, to proceed through an infinite point before reaching the finite optimal solution. ? 1981 American Mathematical Society 0025-5718/81/0000-01 14/$01.75


This research deals with the parallel structure of the poet Shtiwe Al - Ghaithi in Diwan: Omar Yazmlh al-Qasseed, and seeks to highlight the synthetic patterns on which this parallel comes, and aims to reach the most important manifestations of the transformation of the parallel structure, the goal for which the poet breaks that structure. The research found that the poet's main reasons for breaking the structure of parallelism among his poems were synthetic alignment, preservation of external music, and semantic purpose. All of which did not depart from his rhythmic musical appearance.


The present invention provides a CPU (Central Processing Unit) interconnecting device comprising: a QPI (Quick Path Interconnect) interface module which is connected with a QPI interface of the CPU and used for converting serial QPI data sent by the CPU into parallel QPI data; a SerDes (Serial Deserial) interface module which is respectively connected with the QPI interface module and the other SerDes interface module, and used for receiving the parallel QPI data output by the QPI interface module and converting the parallel QPI data output by the QPI interface module into high-speed serial SerDes data, then sending the high-speed serial SerDes data to the other SerDes interface module; the other SerDes interface module which is arranged on the other CPU interconnecting device; wherein the SerDes interface module is also used for receiving the high-speed serial SerDes data sent by the other SerDes interface module and converting the received high-speed serial SerDes data into the parallel QPI data; and the QPI interface module is also used for converting the parallel QPI data output by the SerDes interface module into the serial QPI data and sending the serial QPI data to the CPU.


September 2019 1 Amit Rout, MD Evan F. Madianos, MD Brad J. Pfeffer, MD Abdulla A. Damluji, MD, MPH Transcatheter aortic valve replacement improves mortality and health-related quality of life in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis.1 Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm (SVA) has the potential for rupture, thrombosis, and it may worsen aortic valve regurgitation after valve deployment.2 The presence of SVA complicates procedural planning and the optimum strategy remains unknown. Herein, we present the role of advanced structural imaging that is necessary for successful procedural outcomes. A 95-year-old man with history of severe aortic stenosis presents with exertional dyspnea (New York Heart Association class III). His echocardiogram showed a calculated left ventricular ejection fraction of 25%, aortic valve area of 0.58 cm2, and a mean gradient of 35 mm Hg. The calculated Society of Thoracic Surgery mortality risk was 8.3%. During transcatheter aortic valve replacement evaluation, he was found to have an SVA (Figure 1; Movie I in the Data Supplement). Detailed computed tomography-derived images visualized the aortic root and showed that it was a pseudoaneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva (Figure 2). Aortic annular dimensions were noted as aortic annular area of 567 mm2, perimeter of 91 mm, and elliptical diameter of 26.9×28.6 mm. A 34-mm self-expanding CoreValve Evolut (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) was positioned at a depth of 8 mm on the noncoronary cusp to cover the SVA. Decreased filling of the aneurysm was noted immediately after deployment (Figure 3; Movie II in the Data Supplement) and during follow-up imaging (Figure 4). At 1-month follow-up, his symptoms were improved, and his calculated left ventricular ejection fraction was 45%. The presence of SVA can complicate valve positioning and increase the risk of annular rupture. A computed tomography–derived structural imaging provides 3-dimensional visualization of the annulus and root anatomy that is necessary for optimal sizing and avoidance of procedure-related complications.3 Self-expanding valves offer passive radial force, which carries lower risk of rupture than balloon expansion. In conclusion, transcatheter aortic valve replacement is feasible in patients with SVA using 3-dimensional CT imaging that can help direct the choice of the device and inform the deployment strategy.


A 48-year-old man presented with a 7-year history of an intensely pruritic rash on both buttocks and the perianal area. The rash began as a few small, red, scaly bumps that coalesced to form larger plaques over the years. The patient had no personal or family history of skin cancer or psoriasis. He was otherwise healthy and had no systemic symptoms. His only medications were chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine, and loratadine (Claritin). Physical examination revealed a large reddish brown, verrucous plaque larger than 10 cm in diameter involving both buttocks, the gluteal cleft, and the perianal area (Figure 1). Mild erosions were observed on the perianal mucosal surface. The patient had previously been treated for presumed psoriasis. However, his condition was recalcitrant to topical clobetasol propionate therapy. Subsequently, a punch biopsy was performed (Figure 2 and Figure 3). A 2-month course of imiquimod alternating with fluorouracil has improved the patient's pruritus, but overall resolution of the plaque has been poor. What is your diagnosis?


Developments in information technology can facilitate the planning and implementation of sustainable development. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one such technology that can be utilized to achieve this goal. BIM has now reached dimensions of 6D and even 7D, with 6D BIM being used for energy analysis and 7D BIM for facility management during the operational and maintenance period of a building. This paper aims to discuss patterns, gaps, and trends in the utilization of BIM for effective building operation and maintenance. Bibliometric data mapping was conducted using VOSviewer® software, and 219 scholarly bibliographic records from the Scopus database between 2009 and 2023 were analyzed. The results showed that the highest publication growth was in 2021, with 36 publications (16.44%). China published the most articles, with 74 (29.84%). Recent research reviews indicate that BIM can facilitate the O&M process of a facility, including maintenance and repair, energy management, and security. However, there are still many challenges related to the BIM 7D function, such as data interoperability issues and the need for a framework for using BIM. The study also examines the application of BIM 7D in Indonesia. Further research is needed to balance the utilization of BIM for facility management with its application for asset management.


The superconducting state and the transition temperature Tc of the interstitially Ag-doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ are not changed even when the Ag concentration is increased up to 20%, whereas the substitutionally doped YBa2Cu3−xAgxO7−δ system ceases to be superconductive when the contents x of Ag is over 1.2. Magnetic susceptibility measurement indicates that the interstitial Ag-doping yields higher diamagnetic signal and enhances the critical current density by 15 folds. Photoelectron emission and electron spin resonance spectroscopic studies elucidate that the copper ions change from diamagnetic to paramagnetic states at some doping levels.


ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
HuanglianGanjiang Tang (HGT) is a classic prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) recorded in Dan Xi Xin Fa, which was used to alleviate manifestations like diarrhea, abdominal pain and hemafecia. In current clinical practices, HGT is adopted for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and affords good curative effect. However, the underlying mechanism deserves further elucidation.

AIM OF THE STUDY
UC is a hard-to-curable and easy-to-recurrent inflammatory disease. This study is to evaluate the potential therapeutics and explore the molecular mechanism of HGT on UC in the mouse model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The components of HGT extracts were identified by HPLC. The colitis of mice was induced by 3% (w./v.) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The HGT decoction was prepared through boiling and centrifuging. The mice were given HGT decoction via oral gavage (0.34g/ml & 0.68g/ml; 5ml/kg b.w.). The protective role of HGT on colitis mice was evaluated by body weight change, colon length, disease activity index (DAI) and histological scores. The expression of necroptosis-related and vitamin D receptor (VDR)-related proteins was measured by western blot, RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence.

RESULTS
HGT could significantly reduce the loss of body weight and colon length in colitis mice, and alleviated the DAI and histological score. Mechanically, HGT also promoted the expression of E-cadherin, Occludin, ZO-1 and VDR, and reduced the level of intestinal inflammatory cytokines, such as, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. Besides, HGT downregulated the protein level of p-RIPK3, p-RIPK1 and p-MLKL while upregulated the protein level of Caspase-8 in colon tissue compared to the model group.

CONCLUSION
Our study addressed that HGT can alleviate DSS-induced colitis of mice through inhibiting colonic necroptosis by upregulating the level of VDR.


New observations of the radio supernova SN 1979C made with the VLA at λλ20, 6, and 2 cm from 1985 March through 1990 December, augmenting previous observations which began only 8 days after optical maximum in 1979 April and extended through 1984 November, are presented. It is found that the mini-shell model of Chevalier still provides the best representation of these more complete light curves at all three wavelengths. Shorter period fluctuations in the observations are real and are probably due to emission efficiency variations caused by structure in the presupernova stellar wind density.


Using British county data for full-time male manual workers we extend earlier work to investigate wage and earning curves. We distinguish between total earnings and hourly wages for standard hours, uncontaminated by overtime premium. Using data from 1980-95 we find that earnings behaviour is dominated by volatile hours in the short run, while wage growth is highly sensitive to the level of unemployment as in the classical Phillips curve with macro data. Macro evidence for sticky wages is thus confirmed at the local level, and the wage curve of rapid adjustment is rejected for normal hourly wages. Copyright 2000 by Scottish Economic Society.


Cultural awareness (CA) has emerged over the last few decades as a significant part of conceptualizing the cultural dimension to language teaching. That is, L2 users need to understand L2 communication as a cultural process and to be aware of their own culturally based communicative behaviour and that of others. However, while CA has provided a vital base of knowledge in relation to the cultural aspects of language use and teaching, it is still rooted in a national conception of culture and language. This is problematic given that English is now used as a global lingua franca. Intercultural awareness (ICA) is presented here as an alternative 'non-essentialist' view of culture and language that better accounts for the fluid and dynamic relationship between them. Key components of ICA are discussed along with their relevance to ELT practices and suggestions as to how they can be translated into classroom pedagogy


Purpose: This paper critically examines the translation of  message terms in Qur'anic Translation of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Republic of Indonesia.
Methodology: The writers analyzed the case through three steps. The first step, is analyzing the context. The context covers people who involved in the process of communication; communicator, communicant, and communication environment. The  second  step,  is  analyzing  key word of communication, especially to look for its derivation and its denotative meaning. The third step,  is determining  the indicators of key word. Finally, is exploring  the  implication of indicator in communication activities.
Result:  The study result shows that some translations of the terms are difficult to understand due to illogical use of Indonesian language. Moreover,   some  translations  of the term do  not refer  the context of the verse. In addition, some translations of the term are overlapped. These translations do not reflect Qur'an-based communication and eventually do not support the   integration of religion and science.
Recommendation: New translation based on a good Indonesian language, context of verse and refers to communication studies will produce a better understanding of  Qur'anic verses of communication. Moreover, it is recommended to use translations of key words that writers offer in this paper as an alternative. In addition, giving footnote for key words is another alternative that should  be considered by translator team.


The invention is a method for realizing DNH group in business groups. The invention includes following steps in the CENTREX system business group: the calling process analyzes the received number, thus the calling process sends the calling information to the model of the called number to be processed; the called number model receives the calling information, determines if the called number is the team number, if it isn't, it is processed according to the normal calling flow, if it is, then judges if it is the group umber, if it is not, it is process according to other team calling flow; if it is, finds the team group attributes, judges if the group type is DNH group or not, if yes, it enters the DNH calling flow. The invention carries on secondary division to the business group, it is equal to introduce several small exchangers, but the network layers are not increased, and the paying mode is always the calling business group, it doesn't increases the speaking charge.


The technique of seismic signal formation subject to dynamic characteristics of studied equipment has been considered. It allows obtaining seismic signals having statistic characteristics of computed accelerograms of earth quakes and determining seismic stability of electrical equipment with specified degree of confidence of the obtained results.


This paper discusses the impact analysis of enforcing emission compliance program on competitive power market operation using an electricity market simulation program, GridView. Certain environmental acts and programs on electricity generating units have imposed various emission constraints. To comply with the required limits, the commitment and dispatch of individual units may need to be adjusted based on the certain parameters, possibly by favoring utilization of low emission rate units. As a result, the effects on system operation conditions and the energy prices could be very drastic and difficult to predict or quantify without the use of a market simulation tool that can make emission compliance an integral part of the market simulation process. This paper discusses the implementation of an iterative emission constraints modeling in a power market simulation program, which leads to an economic equilibrium between various opposing factors. Case studies using the market simulator illustrate the presented approach, and demonstrated the impact of enforcing emission compliance on generation cost, revenue and prices.


As the world capitalist system seems headed for a period during which major national economic models diversify, the time and mood are not right for a 'new Bretton Woods'. Instead, recognising that weight has shifted to the financial poles of China and Japan, the United States must adjust its global financial strategy. The current crisis demands not a brand new structure, but rather a new vision, with careful cultivation of US-China-Japan trilateralism a critical vehicle to this end.


Hawaii is experiencing a substantial increase in grid-tied PV installations and utility companies are concerned with the resulting grid management issues. To address these concerns and to enable the utilities to make informed decisions, the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) of the University of Hawaii initiated a PV test program that provides high-resolution data to characterize module and array performance under a variety of local climatic conditions. In the first phase of the project HNEI developed a PV test bed located at Pu'u Wa'a Wa'a ranch on the Kona coast of the Big Island of Hawaii. Initially we selected seven different PV technologies for testing consisting of poly-crystalline, mono-crystalline, amorphous, and mixed technologies. The test modules comprise 200 W units, tilted at 20°, with maximum power point trackers, via small inverters connected to the grid or via charge controllers connected to a battery and load bank. The data is sampled at 1 Hz and stored in a database for visualization and analysis. This paper presents a description of the test bed design, the high data rate Data Acquisition System (DAS), and initial experimental results.


At present, few scholars have made a comparative study on the news discourse of Hong Kong National Security Law between Chinese and American newspapers, and few scholars have systematically revealed the generic structure features of such discourse. In view of this, this study selects 20 pieces of news on Hong Kong National Security Law respectively from People's Daily and The Washington Times to compare their differences in generic structure features and the causes. It is found that the former reflects the objectivity, pertinence, focalization of news reports and the firm stance of defending Hong Kong National Security Law, while the latter reflects the storytelling nature, subjectivity, and richness and breadth of news content; these differences are caused by the different communicative purposes of the two newspapers. This study can provide enlightenment for the discourse construction of Chinese newspapers when reporting the Hong Kong National Security Law, and also contribute to extending the research field of generic structure.


For downloading the full-text of this article please click here. Background and Objective: Sexual drive is one of the main human instincts whose proper management can lead to mental health improvement. Adolescents whose sexual drive is growing during their teenage years don't find proper ways to fulfill their sexual desires. Therefore, they should manage this drive through selecting appropriate strategies. The current paper aimed to offer some religious health-related physical and behavioral strategies parallel to experimental evidences in order to help adolescents manage their sexual drive and behaviors. Method: In line with the purpose of the study, Islamic resources (the Quran and Hadith) and experimental studies were systematically searched. Physical and behavioral factors related to sexual drive/ behavior were extracted and organized into two groups of sexual drive/behavior amplifiers or reducer. All ethical issues were taken into account. Furthermore, the authors declared no conflict of interests. Results: In total, forty nine factors affecting sexual drive/behavior were collected from the studied resources. The main portion of these factors were relatred to nutrition, nutrients and nutritional behaviors. Physical activities, personal hygenic behaviors, smells and colours were the other affecting factors. Conclusion: It seems focusing on nutritional behaviors such as calorie intake restriction, low food intake, reducing the intake of nutrients and nutritional supplements that boos the sexual drive, promoting invovleemt in psysical activities and some modifications in enviroments that are frequented by adolescents can help young adults manage the sexual derive/behavior. For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.


The technique provides the user with an easy and precise way to pick the desired object, independent of its size, location or orientation. In this paper, we have analysis object picking algorithms using pick sphere and shown their characteristics and limitations through a user study. Therefore, it is important to examine the comparative study that are available and determine those that are best suited for the tasks that need to be accomplished. Based on these researches, we present new forms of the object picking technique using pick sphere, to support series of experiments to evaluate these new techniques. The algorithm gains its performance by multi-level bounding sphere checks and by taking succeeding coherence so it is possible to pick an object along the surface of moderately .In this paper, as sphere is used to represent the intersection point of the ray coming from the user input and the object to be picked .Thus the performance of the picking process increase while using the pick sphere.


It has been said that, of all the inventions, innovations and initiatives affecting health care organizations worldwide over the past few years, perhaps none has been more influential or pervasive than the Total Quality revolution. Nevertheless, many few studies have tried to evaluate the real impact of TQM in health care organizations. This paper reports on the findings of a qualitative research study that investigates, through multiple in-depth case studies of 14 Italian and Irish hospitals, the real extent to which TQM (Kanji's model) is adopted within health organizations and the way it is put into practice. Research findings reveal--in the wide range of experiences that emerge--considerable commonalities between the two countries in the impact of quality revolution. Hospitals, located in widely scattered sites, closely resemble one another in the flaws and discrepancies between the theory of TQM and how it is put into practice. The potential change, which has been called a revolution, becomes a series of unrelated, " spotlight' initiatives, which are not seen as the expression of a unitary philosophy. Such initiatives are more boasted about than implemented, and do not influence, in substance, the clinicians' practices. Hospitals tend to construct formal compliance mechanisms for institutional pressures concerning the quality of health services, i.e. by creating new departments or offices specialized in dealing with such demands, by introducing new roles responsible for compliance, by planning procedures for quality improvement, and by adopting the vocabulary of TQM. Nevertheless structure is decoupled from practices, programmes are independent from actions, and facts are different from words. Such research findings are interpreted through the resource dependence theory.


The present paper deals with the phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of therapeutic importance from Costus speciosus (Koen.), an important medicinal plant. The study involves the preliminary screening and qualitative HPTLC separation of secondary metabolites from the rhizome of Costus speciosus (Koen.). The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed against a few pathogens viz. E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pnuemoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The generated data has provided the basis for its wide use as the therapeutic both in traditional and folk medicine.


This article explores the unique features of the customer relationship management (CRM) system in Telecom industry and presents a customer-churn model based on customer segmentation. First, the improved Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is used to segment customer and conclude high value customer group characteristics. Second, using the history data and SAS Enterprise Miner builds a prediction model of customer-churn based on SAS data mining technology. Last but not least, the result of customer segmentation is applied to customer-churn model and gotten accuracy list of lost customer. Experiment proves that this method can obtain a satisfactory result of customer-churn.


The octahedron is the growth form expected for a face-centered cubic crystal, and indeed, some diamonds are octahedra; however, most natural diamonds have morphologies that are intermediate between octahedra {111}, dodecahedra {110}, and, more rarely, cubes {100} or twins and aggregates on which elements of these forms are recognizable. Furthermore, the faces frequently are rounded, whereas plane surfaces generally would be expected for growth forms. This has resulted in the widespread belief that diamonds that are not cubes or octahedra have experienced resorption at some stage in their history. This view has been supported by many laboratory experiments involving a variety of oxidizing agents, including gases such as O2, H2O, and CO2, which are likely to have been involved in mantle or emplacement events. It also is known that both relative growth rates and relative dissolution rates of different faces are temperature dependent, so that the observed present morphology, combined where possible with data ...


The alpha spectroscopy performance and electric current stability of 4H-silicon carbide Schottky devices with 50 μm epitaxial layer was examined at temperatures between 300 to 500 K at 50 K intervals. An activation energy of 5.98 ±0.64 meV was extracted from temperature dependent resistivity measurements. The Schottky barrier height decreases from 1.33 eV at 300 K to 1.11 eV at 500 K and the ideality factor increases from 1.17 at 300 K to 1.79 at 500 K. The reverse bias leakage currents stabilizes faster at higher temperatures. The charge collection efficiency is above 90% for temperatures up to 500 K. Pulse height spectra collected for 24 hours at constant voltage and temperature show improvements with time within the first 8 hours and remained stable for the remainder of the acquisition time. The peak width of the alpha spectra reduces significantly with increasing temperature at applied bias voltages below 50 V, which indicates that leakage currents are not the limiting factor in those conditions even at 500 K in our set up. So far, the devices indicate reasonable stability for extended periods of operation and highlight possible applications in harsh radiation media.


It remains unclear how direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatments influence hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence and survival in comparison with interferon (IFN).


Deterministic propagation models are typically validated by performing comparisons between real and simulated E-field envelope distributions. These distributions correspond to straight spatial segments and, occasionally, also surfaces. This approach is correct to study large scale fading for relatively large distances. However, in a real environment and shorter distances, there are too many details to consider. As a result, it is almost impossible to reach a point by point match in a minimally realistic experiment. There are two ways to deal with this problem. The first one is to model every minor detail everywhere around us, keeping the point by point metric. The second one is to change that metric in order to admit, at least in part, that we can not take into account of all the details. If uncertainty can not be eliminated, we should learn to take advantage of it by using a statistical metric like the one proposed here. This paper uses such a kind of metric to validate several structural and geometrical simplifications of a model for the transition between outdoor and indoor propagation that has been recently published. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this metric has helped us to improve and understand better this model, while revealing unexpected model properties at the same time. Corresponding author: J. Blas (firstname.lastname@example.com).


Using conditions of the present invention provides a simple method of acrylonitrile byproduct hydrocyanic acid of high purity production orthoformate, wherein acrylonitrile byproduct hydrocyanic acid and fatty alcohol and hydrogen chloride imide is first produced, and then the presence of the corresponding fatty alcohol the alcoholysis reaction, the reaction solution obtained orthoformate. In orthoformate reaction liquid was added an appropriate amount of a basic substance, decomposition of a nitrogen-containing compound impurity byproducts 1,3,5-triazine at a certain temperature, the decomposition products of ammonia and low boiling point formate solids, post treatment after the reaction solution, through normal distillation, a high purity can be obtained orthoformate, so as to achieve the production of high-purity orthoformate in high yield.


THE LANCET HANDBOOK OF TREATMENT IN NEUROLOGY

Edited by Charles Warlow, 432 pp., The Lancet, 2006

The first edition of The Lancet Handbook of Treatment in Neurology , edited by Charles Warlow from the University of Edinburgh, includes contributors from the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. Nineteen chapters cover a broad spectrum of the major neurologic subspecialties from headache, epilepsy, and sleep disorders to dementia, infectious diseases, and neuro-oncology. Neuro-ophthalmology and neuro-otology are …


It is well known that with continued production from wet gas reservoirs, the reservoir pressure eventually falls below the dew point pressure leading to condensation and loss of gas productivity in the reservoir. The concept of simultaneously injecting CO2 in a gas reservoir for long term storage while at the same time accelerating production of the gas reservoir is intriguing and promising. CO2 may also interact with carbonate matrix by changing porosity and permeability of the host rock; this is true for reservoirs that are found in the Gulf Region. Core floods experiments with carbon dioxide aging were conducted in a core sample analogue to carbonate at reservoir conditions. CO2 interaction in carbonate formation was evaluated by XRF and SEM analysis; furthermore mineral trapping was also investigated by AFM. The results of the laboratory study showed that the CO2 would dissolve some of the rock at high pressure aging. Dissolved carbonate was found also to be precipitated along the core after decreasing the pressure of the system. The results of this study are directly applicable for evaluating CO2 Huff-n-Puff, a process that can potentially raise the reservoir pressure back above the original dew point. Results of this experiment help answer some critical questions related to introducing CO2 in wet gas reservoirs and its interaction with carbonate reservoirs.


ABSTRACT:A 2005 amendment to Israel's Public Land Law and the 1994 National Health Insurance Law (NHIL) are two policies that highlight the complex relationship between the Israeli state and the Negev/Naqab Bedouins. While the Land Law sanctioned house demolitions and the erasure of Bedouin villages, the NHIL granted Bedouins access to healthcare and increased their visibility within the medical system. In this article, I draw on these contradictory policies of inclusion and exclusion to argue that the treatment of Negev/Naqab Bedouins as equal citizens within Israel is contingent on state officials' seeing only particular aspects of this community. Crucially, this means that state officials actively make invisible the unequal and exclusionary politics that marginalize Bedouin citizens. While the case of the Bedouins in Israel is a specific one, I suggest that attending to how state officials make particular individuals, communities, and histories invisible clarifies how states, both in Israel and beyond, maintain the state's ideology of equality despite a hierarchy of privilege. It is through the production of invisibility that neglect and exclusion come to be justified and obscured, and that themes of inclusion and democracy can be highlighted. Therefore, an analysis of the making of invisibility allows for an examination of the active production of the state and of citizenship, and provides a more complex understanding of the role of visibility in state practices.


The reserving methodology described in this paper produces min imum sufficiency levels for reserves that are risk adjusted both for uncertainty in claims payments and uncertainty in investments. The min imum sufficiency level is derived from measurements of correlation and other statistical properties of link ratios. These statistics are found using bootstrap methods. Because the approach relies on bootstrap methods, there is no explicit measurement of either process or parameter risk that ordinarily appears in dynamic financial analysis.


Resource acquisition is critical for new venture development and growth. However, potential resource providers often rely on credible signals to make decisions due to a lack of track record and information asymmetry of the new ventures they might invest in. We argue that different firm characteristics, such as founders' human capital and endorsement from prominent investors, have positive effects on resource acquisition. Importantly, we argue that the importance of these factors differs depending on the stage of development as they send signals of legitimacy. We look at various types of signals at different stages of firm development in a sample of 307 new ventures in the advertising industry.


Shallow landslide susceptibility modelling at regional scale may be performed using both a physically based and statistical approach. For the same area, these two approaches can have inconsistent results, mainly because the two methods are conceptually different. Physically based models are based on the infinite slope model and consists on the computation cell by cell of a safety factor comparing between driving and resisting forces. The assumption that landslides occur in slopes that are characterized by predisposing factors similar to those in which landslides have occurred in the past, is the concept behind the statistical models. The aim of this work is to compare the two approach and investigate the differences between the two models. The study area is located in northern Tuscany, central Italy, in which an extensive field survey highlighted that about 60% of landslides involve bedrock. For this reason, we developed a physically based susceptibility analysis taking into account both the surficial layer (slope deposit, SD) and the underlying layer (BR), characterized by weathered and fractured bedrock. This model is compared to the statistically based one, which take into account topographic and geologic predisposing factor as well as bedrock geo-mechanical properties, such Geological Strength Index (GSI), Schmidt hammer rebound values (Rv) and Joint density (Jv). The accuracy of the models is evaluated using a multi-temporal landslide inventory, in which involving bedrock landslides are distinct from slope deposits landslides. Within this general framework results are discussed regarding the model’s predictive capacity and spatial agreement.


Abstract The paper reexamines the finds from Tel Dan, which in several preliminary reports were dated to the Iron Age II (Biran 1982, 1993, 1994, 1996a, 2002). It is suggested that during the Iron IIa Dan was either deserted or was a small rural site, and that the date of Stratum IVA should be down-dated to the end of the 9th/beginning of the 8th centuries BCE. These conclusions have far reaching implications for reconstructing the history of northern Israel and southern Syria in the Iron Age. They also reflect on Dan's cultic role in the Kingdom of Israel.


Earlier identification of plant diseases is very important as it may adversely affect the growth of their respective species in the near future. Generally, plants are believed to be a more essential resource for both human beings and animals. Furthermore, the plant disorders will affect the leaf. Along these lines, the area of plant affliction expects a significant field work. Regardless, it needs more human force, additional time to analyze the subtleties on plant sicknesses. Then, Artificial intelligence [AI] is used to characterize the microorganisms in plant leaves as it dismembers and orchestrates the information from completely different perspectives into one of the predefined set of arrangements. For course of action, other morphological options and properties, for example, concealing, power, and estimation of the plant leaves are considered. Henceforth, this paper presents an outline of altered assortments of plant illnesses and different gathering measures in AI, which are utilized in various plant leaves for identifying infections. The trial results demonstrate that, even with an exactness of 96.7 percent, the utilization of adjusted AI techniques could be successfully utilized for the grouping of different plant leaf illnesses. This technique would be very useful for the ranchers to maintain a strategic distance from crop harm, the absence of food creation in the public arena and the misuse of cash on farming items. For example, pesticides and so forth.


Nowadays, the growth of industry can be seen as a nature of the world. Each company race again each other to increase productivity to produce new, high quality and product that fulfil customer demand. One can achieve the Key Performance Indicator (KPI) or targeted goal but without considering the cost, manpower, time or others elements is inefficient toward productivity. Upgrade production line in manufacturing industry needs huge investment to come out with good performance. The company can receive Return of Investment (ROI) and save more money from paying labor salary and increase productivity. However, the company also may have the risk of losing their money from the investment
done. In this research, we studied the effectiveness of production line that equipped with automation usage to determine the productivity and quality of the product produced. We apply Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure efficiencies of the production line where DEA is one of an excellent tool that can evaluate efficiencies and have been using widely in many sectors. The model that will be used in this study is Two-Stage Network DEA. As a case study, this research focuses on the production line that
producing a product with a high and continues demand to observe how the investment on automation can give good return or otherwise.


There are about 3000 species of flowering plants in Arunachal Pradesh and out of these. About 700 species of forest plants are of economic importance. Observations on flowering, fruiting. Germination period and per cent, plant per cent, viability period, weight of seed/fruit and number of seedlings obtained from seeds/fruits of known weight of important species including bamboo and cane were recorded on the basis of trials conducted from 1978 to 1986. These informations will be of much use for the field foresters to collect required quantity of seed/fruit timely. The germination per cent worked out in laboratories are of very litlle use to the fieldman. Under laboratory condition germination per cent of a species may be 90% but under field condition it can be less than 1% specially for minute seed. Plant per cent gives useful information for collection of required quantity of seed.


Aim: To describe the challenges faced in developing and implementing a bicultural training program and present feedback from the participants, with suggestions for future developments. Method: This article describes the process of planning, developing and implementing the program, which, in itself, was a bicultural learning process for all involved. Some of the areas of potential misunderstanding due to different cultural approaches, and the compromises necessary to make progress, are detailed. These include issues of intellectual property rights, venue, timing and assessment of the course. Results: Qualitative and quantitative feedback from participants are presented. In the qualitative feedback participants valued their increased understanding of different models of practice and communication, the enthusiasm of the presenters, and opportunities for groupwork, reflection and sharing. The feedback also highlighted that some of the participants felt challenged by the content of the material and by the unfamiliar interactive, experiential teaching style. Conclusions: Program planners need to recognise that the process of developing such a program is a bicultural journey. The program organisers need to explain the rationale for the experiential teaching approach to the participants; provide them with an opportunity to reflect and debrief; insist on attendance at the initial session; provide a glossary of commonly-used Maori vocabulary; accept and acknowledge that the program will be challenging and uncomfortable for participants at times; and train the teachers to teach.


This paper reports results from a pilot study on the production and perception of English stops in a coda position by native speakers of Thai with different length of residency (LOR) in the US. This study explores three important issues in second language (L2) acquisition: typological markedness (Eckman, 1997), the relationship between production and perception of speech sounds (Flege, 1988 and 1999), and the length of learning L2 sounds (Flege 1999). There were 13 Thai-speaker participants whose LORs ranged from 1 year to 23 years. They participated in two tasks: sentence reading in a production task, and sentence listening in a perception task. Preliminary results show that participants produced all English voiced stops less accurately than voiceless stops. However, in the perception task, only /g/ was perceived less accurately than voiceless stops. The speakers perceived /b/ better than /k/ and perceived /d/ better than /p/ and /k/. The more accurate the speakers can perceive the sounds, the better the...


The relation between our government and public universities is commissioned and acting,while the government giving the university governance right border is an "incomplete contracts" agency.It breeds the "rentseeking",opportunism and immorality precisely because the incomplete of commissioned relations between higher education institutions and the university of the internal management system decided by the government and significant cross-border power between party and government and also asymmetries of responsibilities and rights.The set up of monitoring bodies is "self-monitoring".This inevitably increases social costs and achieves no results.It's imperative that the commissioned and acting relationship is changed from the institutional framework.


Studies on response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to sowing dates, nutrient and weed management was carried out at the experimental farm of School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus during kharif seasons of 2004 and 2005. Sowing of rice right after the onset of monsoon showed better performance in terms of higher plant dry matter accumulation, yield attributes and yield of upland rice as compared to early sowing. 75% NPK (recommended) along with Azospirillum and Phosphotika recorded significantly the highest plant dry matter accumulation, grain and straw yield of rice. Butachlor @ 1.5 kg ha−1. (PE) significantly recorded the lowest weed density and weed dry weight, highest number of panicles, panicle length, grain and straw yield of rice.


The aim of this thesis is to analyze debates and discourses about the public library in Swedish media from the 1970s up to and including 2006. The empirical material is derived from TV, radio and t ...


The surface OH groups on ..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ modified with various concentrations of F/sup /minus//, SO/sub 4//sup 2/minus//, or molybdate anions were studied by use of IR techniques as well as by the adsorption of CO/sub 2/ in order to reveal the interaction chemistry between Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and molybdate species. Physicochemical characterizations of the modified Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ were also conducted by means of LRS, XPS, and TPR techniques. It was revealed that the chemical reactivities and surface concentrations of hydroxyl groups determined the interaction modes between the anion and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, that is, the dispersion and distribution of the anion and its configuration. The molybdate anions were found to react with basic OH groups in a stoichiometry of OH/sup /minus///Mo = 1 at a concentration of < 10 /times/ 10/sup 13/ Mo cm/sup /minus/2/. It was shown that nonbasic OH groups were simultaneously consumed for anchoring molybdate species in tetrahedral configurations. In this concentration range, the OH/anion ratio was almost identical for SO/sub 4//sup 2/minus// and molybdate anions. With increasing molybdenum content, the OH/Mo ration decreased markedly, resulting in the formation of polymolybdate species. With SO/sub 4//sup 2/minus///Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and F/sup /minus///Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, similar correlationsmore » were established between the formation of surface of subsurface species and the concentrations of reactive OH groups. On reduction or sulfurization of the MoO/sub 3//Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalysts, a part of the consumed OH groups was restored and the extent of recovery increased as the wavenumber decreased.« less


We investigated the morphological characteristics of Maesa japonica seeds and the optimal conditions for germination. The seeds were exalbuminous, and their length and width were 0.85 ± 0.09 mm and 0.77 ± 0.05 mm, respectively. We tested germination at 15, 20, 25,
 30 and 35°C; the optimum temperature for germination was 30°C (64% germination). To test the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and KNO3 on germination, the seeds were soaked in solutions containing 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 g GA3 L-1 or
 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 or 0.50 g KNO3 L-1 before sowing for germination. KNO3 treatment increased germination percentage and speed. Soaking in GA3 concentrations over 1.0 g L-1 stimulated 100% germination after 13 days. A presoaking treatment
 that combined 1.0 g GA3 L-1 and 0.2 g KNO3 L-1 promoted germination speed and shortened the time in which half of the seeds germinated. Overall, we determined that the best method for germination of Maesa japonica seeds was pre-soaking in
 1.0 g GA3 L-1 and 0.2 g KNO3 L-1 at 4°C in the dark for 24 hours, followed by incubation at 25–30°C in a 16-hour light, 8-hour dark cycle for 10 days.


Recently, hydrogen has been considered as a future energy carrier. Hydrogen is believed to be the most important long-term option for addressing the energy, environmental and economic concerns since it is a renewable and clean energy resource. The simplest and cheapest way to produce hydrogen is by electrolysis. However, the process is inefficient. Therefore the objective of this study is to enhance the hydrogen production by optimizing the electrolysis parameters as well as the laser parameters. In this study, fixed volume of distilled water was employed as medium and sodium chloride used as catalyst. Graphite rods were used as electrodes which were supplied by varying voltage. Molybdenum sheets with various surface areas were utilized as a sacrifice agent to protect the cathode. Meanwhile, ethanol solution was used to compensate oxidation by donating an amount of electron in the electrolyte was deployed as supplement. Hence the electrolyte parameters were optimized by varying the voltage, the sacrifice agents and electron donor. In addition, the hydrogen production was also enhanced by illuminating light into the electrolysis chamber. The light source was also optimized by varying the wavelength and the power of the light. In this study, the light source used comprised of diode-pumped solid state laser at various wavelength including, 485 nm, 532 nm, 635 nm, while nitrogen laser and conventional UV light source were at 337 nm and 403 nm respectively. The results obtained showed that the hydrogen increased with the voltage as well as the sacrifice agent area. The larger the voltage, the more the water splitting and the larger the area of sacrifice agent, the more protection on the cathode. Thus, more hydrogen production was encouraged. In contrast, the addition of the supplementary element ethanol was limited to 7 mL and above 7 mL, it resisted the hydrogen production. In the case of illumination light, green laser at 532 nm had shown a pronounced result. This was due to the light that is transparent to the water, thus contributing to more electric field into the electrolysis system. Furthermore, the higher the power of the green laser into the electrolysis chamber the more hydrogen production was realized. Thus, the effectiveness as well as the efficiency of the hydrogen production do relies on the optimizing parameters.


Ecotourism is one of the tourism support conservation effort. This tourism is also give a good appreciation to its environment, culture, history and local community participation. The ecotourism development in Sebubus mangrove area is initiated as an effort for tourism development that can support the conservation of mangrove forest that could potentially raise incomes and welfare support for local people.Location of this research at Sebubus Paloh. Data used in this research is primary data. Data analysis was using financial analysis with indicator : Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Net Benefit Cost Ratio, Payback Period, Sensitivities analysis.The result of this study show that : ecotourism mangrove forest is feasible by considering NPV = Rp. 4.188.742, IRR = 21,68% dan Net B/C = 3,5, payback period is 11 months. Sensitivity analysis with 10% benefits reduction scenarios is feasible. Keywords : ecotourism, financial analysis,  mangrove forest, Paloh