Higher Education up to participating in teacher professional education. At the Higher Education level, prospective teachers or students carry out exercises in carrying out learning or learning practices. Practical activities are carried out with a small scope or often called micro teaching. Micro teaching helps students develop teaching skills. Teaching ability cannot be separated from the curriculum. Therefore, to produce professional teacher candidates, it is necessary to train students in the implementation of the curriculum used, where the current curriculum used is the independent curriculum. This research is aimed at knowing students' experiences in implementing the independent curriculum. The research conducted was a survey with a quantitative descriptive method. This research method is based on survey results. Data collection technique with a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques by processing the data obtained expressed in percentages and then analyzed descriptively. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded (1) that most micro teaching students have the ability to develop teaching modules. Improvements to student weaknesses lie in the difficulty of finding models, methods, learning strategies, exercises, meaningful understanding, assessment, enrichment and glossaries. (2) the implementation of independent curriculum learning that has been carried out by students by applying differentiation learning, needs to pay attention to aspects of the implementation of differentiation learning itself, namely (a) student readiness, interests and learning styles, (b) content preparation, and (c) learning environment and learning products


This document narrates the process carried out for the musical production of the song "No te Lleves", by the duo Crivas y JH, developed in the Reggaeton genre. To start the process a series of experiments are carried out, which involve changes of tempo and tonality in a composition, having as starting point the analysis of popular themes in the genre, taking them as reference according to the sensations of energy and euphoria that they can offer. The theme of the song focuses on exposing a problem that occurs because of social networks. In the composition process, it is sought to obtain sound sources from virtual instruments, such as Nexus or Gladiator, the sounds within each instrument are chosen to be part of the composition taking into account characteristics such as its frequency range or its envelope. In the project, the editing process is simplified since it is a composition based on virtual instruments. The important thing in the mix is to have very well defined sections within the theme and that their instruments coexist well with each other, using tools such as equalization, panning, Side-Chain compression, etc. For the master of the subject, digital tools are used, as in previous processes, this time this is done through tools such as iZotope Ozone 8 and another VST known as SPAN for monitoring master levels, both in the mix and in the the reference that is used for this process, this to compare and generate similarities in their levels. The entire process is meticulously detailed below.


AFTER many years of frustrating dependence on nonspecific anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), hopes are rising that a new phase of selective measures may have begun. These expectations are largely based on the current concept that RA is maintained by a predominantly T cell response to an antigenic peptide in the antigen-presenting groove of the class IIHLA molecule [1]. This model suggests three basic means of suppressing disease activity, namely interdicting T cells, blocking peptide presentation and altering the class II sequences which confer susceptibility to RA. An associated theme is selectively to interdict the immunopharmacological events initiated by T cell activation. The clinical implementation of this vision is furthest advanced in attempts to ablate T lymphocytes and so this subject merits particular attention. It is now clear that rheumatoid synovitis is suppressed by monoclonal antibodies directed at sub-populations of these cells, notably CD4 positive T cells [2-4]. The extent of this suppression is at least comparable with that achieved by conventional immunosuppressive methods and is the more impressive because the majority of the treated patients had failed to respond to established treatment. Nevertheless, while monoclonal antibodies of this kind are in theory and practice vastly more selective than cytotoxic drugs, they are still liable to paralyse the entire T cell repertoire, thereby risking all the consequences of long-term non-specific immunosuppression. This danger would not obtain if monoclonal antibodies to CD 4 positive cells not only ablated the cells mediating synovitis but also restored or induced tolerance to the inciting antigens. These objectives have been achieved in experimental models of graft rejection [5] and there are hints that the same principles may obtain in the treatment of inflammatory diseases [6]. Such an outcome would obviate the need for long-term, non-specific immunosuppression. The current reality is that the outcome of controlled trials of the available agents is still awaited and their superiority over conventional drugs has still to be established.


[eng] France and Luxembourg have recently introduced relatively similar tax reforms. In France, the reform has been accompanied by the prime pour l'emploi, an earned income tax credit, and in Luxembourg by a one-off increase in family allowances. The two reforms have been evaluated ex ante using models. The evaluation has been carried out from a dual standpoint of vertical redistribution and horizontal redistribution according to the family structure. A comparative analysis of the impact of the two support measures is made by means of a simulation with a given budget. [fre] La France et le Luxembourg ont recemment mis en oeuvre une reforme fiscale assez similaire. Ces deux reformes se distinguent cependant par le type de mesure d'accompagnement choisi : la Prime pour l'emploi en France, une majoration exceptionnelle des Allocations familiales au Luxembourg. Les deux reformes ont fait l'objet d'evaluations ex ante en recourant a des simulations dont les resultats sont retraces dans cet article. L'evaluation est menee, d'une part, du point de vue de la redistribution verticale et, d'autre part, du point de vue de la redistribution horizontale selon la structure familiale. L'accent est plus particulierement mis sur l'analyse comparative de l'impact des deux mesures d'accompagnement, notamment par une simulation a budget donne.


The Channel Islands, like the Salinian block, have been explained as a granitic spur projecting westward into the Franciscan realm of coastal and offshore California. According to Ralph Reed, this spur was the autochthonous Anacapia, but according to P. B. King, the spur was an allochthonous sliver derived by lateral fault movement. Both interpretations require a boundary fault south of the Channel Islands; actually, the fault picture is more complex. The Malibu Coast fault, arcuate and convex southward in plan, appears to extend from Beverly Hills across the Mugu-Hueneme submarine fan into the eastern Santa Barbara Channel north of Anacapa Island. The Santa Cruz Island fault, also convex southward, continues south of Anacapa. San Onofre Breccia flanks both faults. San Onofre paleocurrent indicators on Santa Cruz Island and limited San Onofre outcrops on the northern tip of Santa Rose Island indicate the blueschist basement source was northeast of the Santa Cruz Island fault, thereby invalidating the Anacapia spur-silver concept. Instead, Anacapia is a microcontinent of granite with a Cretaceous-Eocene sedimentary veneer. The granite tectonically overlies Franciscan and is separated from the mainland by a rift bounded by the Malibu Coast and Santa Cruz Island faults. The pre-Mohnian terrane in the rift is mainly volcanic, and presumably overlies Franciscan basement. This basement was exposed during Miocene time, when the Channel Islands raft drifted westward from the Santa Monica Mountains. At first, the ductile Franciscan welled up in the rift as a tectonic ridge, shedding San Onofre talus on either side. Subsequently, the ridge in the rift sank, and gravity tectonics were produced in the Santa Monica Mountains. Palinspastic restoration of the 80-km lateral offset and the 20-km rift extension brings together similar Cretaceous-Eocene sequences of the Channel Islands and Santa Monica Mountains, and connects Poway Conglomerate clast assemblages of the islands with their mainland source. End_of_Article - Last_Page 460------------


Purpose To assess the efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with unresectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer using Optical Surface Management System – AlignRT (OSMS-AlignRT) as an optical body surface motion management in deep breath hold. Patients and Methods Forty-five patients diagnosed with locally advanced pancreatic cancer were treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy in 3 or 5 fractions, and received varying BED10 (median 79.5 Gy) from April 2017 to December 2020. All patients were treated in deep breath hold with OSMS-AlignRT used as optical body surface motion management. Thirty-three patients received systemic treatment before and/or after stereotactic body radiotherapy, and twelve patients received no systemic treatment. In this retrospective, observational, single-arm study, primary endpoints were overall survival and freedom from local progression (ie, local control). Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival and toxicity. Actuarial survival analysis and univariate analysis were investigated. Results Data from forty-five patients were analyzed. Median follow-up was 15 months. One-year freedom from local progression and survival were 95.5% and 71.1%, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 14 months. Median overall survival from diagnosis for all patients was 17 months, and 19 months for patients alive at the time of analysis. No patient had >G2 toxicity. Conclusion Stereotactic body radiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer using OSMS-AlignRT as optical body surface motion management in deep breath hold patients is an effective and safe local treatment option, with no >G2 toxicity, and could be a promising therapeutic option with acceptable toxicity, either as a single treatment or in a multimodal regimen. OSMS-AlignRT provided accurate and reliable body surface motion management during stereotactic body radiotherapy.


In this paper, based on the hardware physical characteristics of Internet of Things(IoT) devices and its operating system, we designed a driver interface specification and an example based on the application terminal under the Internet and realizes the plug and play, registration, acquisition and release of the device. The Internet of Things (IoT) cloud platform is constructed to enable IoT devices to access the cloud platform. Users, developers and vendors can manage devices and drivers on the platform, complete the functions of device addition, driver addition, logical free networking and flexible configuration of user-oriented cloud-based IoT devices, making the platform a loosely coupled cloud computing platform.


Full-duplex and half-duplex two-hop networks are considered. Explicit coding schemes which are approximately universal over a class of fading distributions are identified, for the case when the network has either one or two relays.


Sydney you've got to let me know, should they stay or should they go. In 2011, Sydney, the largest city in Australia, asked its residents, should they stay or should they go? Despite regularly rated as one of the world's top ten liveable cities, the government was offering residents AUD$7,000 (£4,500 or ~one month's average wage) to move to the country's rural areas. From the region's perspective the decision was two-fold: Inside the city there was apprehension that the government no longer had the capacity to serve its residents effectively. This was accompanied by the hope that moving residents could boost struggling rural areas, following a decade long drought.


Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors associated with dyslipidemia in Quilombola communities in Maranhao, Brazil. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed from February 2010 to November 2011. A total of 202 individuals belonging to the Quilombola communities in Codo, Maranhao were assessed. Risk factors associated with dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome (MS) were evaluated. Results: the results showed a high prevalence of dyslipidemia (72.28%) and hypertension (43.07%). Isolated hypertriglyceridemia (38.61%) with normal levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was present in most individuals. Furthermore, the prevalence of MS and the estimated cardiovascular risks were low in this population. Conclusion: dyslipidemia, at the expense of triglycerides, and hypertension was highly prevalent. However, the frequency of other risk factors for cardiovascular events was low. A low prevalence of MS and cardiovascular risk according to the Framingham score for cardiovascular diseases was also identified.


For speech with Gaussian noise, a novel single channel speech enhancement algorithm is proposed in this paper. The algorithm applies time frequency mask to delete noise. It firstly splits the time frequency domain into two areas: Joint Areas (JA) and Disjoints Area (DA), and then the signals are thrown away in the JA, and the noise on the "cross" in the DA is deleted. Furthermore it applies the smooth filter to compensate the distortion. Finally, several speech signal experiments demonstrate that the algorithm performance and practical.


The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) collaboration is moving fast towards setting up a magnetized Iron CALorimeter (ICAL) to study atmospheric neutrinos and to determine the neutrino oscillation parameters with high precision. In final phase ICAL uses 50kton Iron as target mass and ~30000 glass Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) having dimension 2m x 2m x 0.002m and 4m x 2m x 0.002m as active detector elements [1]. A prototype RPC detector stack comprising 12 layers of RPCs of glass and bakelite having area 1m x 1m is in continuous operation with and without magnetic field having strength 1.5 Tesla for the last two years. We present here the recent results of the studies performed with this experimental set up. The surface of the earth is constantly struck by cosmic ray particles arriving from high in the atmosphere. Most of the surface flux (80%) is


Aim: The aim of this article is to report a case of chronic localized intravascular coagulation in widespread sporadic multifocal venous malformations (VMs) associated with phleboliths, presenting with pathological femur fracture with very high D-dimer level and deranged coagulation profile hampering the surgical management of the patient. Background: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a well-known cause of raised D-dimer. It leads to derangement of coagulation profile with very poor management outcome and needs intensive care. A very high level of D-dimer present in localized intravascular coagulopathy (LIC) can be misleading to diagnosis of DIC. Localized intravascular coagulopathy is seen in few VMs and they show abnormally high D-dimer levels. Venous malformations are the most frequent slow-flow vascular malformations referred to specialized centers. Most of the VMs are sporadic, and unifocal, while 1% are multifocal VMs. Multifocal sporadic VMs are rare and associated with phleboliths. High D-dimer is associated with various types of VMs like cutaneomucosal VMs and capillarovenous malformations. We reported the case of a 22-year-old female with congenital multifocal VMs presenting with fracture shaft of left femur on trivial trauma with deranged coagulation profile as prolonged prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombocytopenia, and persistently high D-dimer level along with the presence of multiple phleboliths. Review: In the view of deranged coagulation profile with raised D-dimer level in presence of trauma, patient was initially managed as a case of DIC and her surgical procedure for fracture femur was delayed for the correction of her coagulation abnormality. She was transfused 16 units of fresh frozen plasma, 18 units of platelets, and 3 units of packed red blood cells, but her D-dimer level remained high. Persistently raised D-dimer level without any hemorrhagic manifestation along with the presence of multiple phleboliths in his X-rays clinched the diagnosis of LIC. Low molecular weight heparin was started and after stabilization of coagulation profile, the patient got shifted to orthopedics department for the management of fracture femur. jpmer


This paper proposes a red tide monitoring method based on SVM. Firstly the Log Residual Correction (LRC) is used to normalize the data. Then clustering analysis is adopted to select and form the training samples. The discriminator is composed of support vector machines (SVM). The experiments show that this method can complete the red tide monitoring quickly and effectively.


With the rapid advancement in the technology related to the web based application here main aspect of the service provider related to the query based phenomena is to completely attract the concentration of the user who is accessing the service in which the user are supposed to completely gain the advantage of the service provider in the form of the retrieval performance based strategy respectively. Here the main aim of the present method is to acquire the data of the query and produce the accurate and the related outcome which the user may get the complete satisfaction. Day by day the facility and also the technology updating is got a tremendous change related to the navigation based criteria. Therefore here the main theme of this facility is capture the data of the user and then encrypt the data and then simultaneous process of it then after similarity score fusion is implemented for the accurate retrieval of the data respectively. Here the capturing of the data related to the query based strategy is done by the help of the master oriented web respectively. Where the navigation based phenomena facility is accessed or even controlled by the help of the master oriented UWM phenomena. Here a new method is designed in such a fashion where architecture based on two tier oriented strategy in which capturing the data of the user in the form of the pages based on the recommendations aspect of the visiting profile respectively. Experimental results have show that the proposed method is accurate in terms of the retrieval performance based phenomena respectively.


Tele-operated display systems with head mounted displays (HMD) are becoming popular as visual feedback systems for tele-operation systems. However, the users are suffered from time-varying bidirectional delays caused by the latency and limited bandwidth of wireless communication networks. Here, we develop a tele-operated display system and a predictive display algorithm allowing comfortable use of HMDs by operators of tele-operation systems. Inspired by the kinematic model of the human head-neck complex, we built a robot neck-camera system to capture the field of view in any desired orientation. To reduce the negative effects of the time-varying bidirectional communication delay and operation delay of the robot neck, we developed a predictive display algorithm based on a kinematic model of the human/robot neck-camera system, and a geometrical model of a camera. Experimental results showed that the system provide predicted images with high frame rate to the user.


As the panorama has been used widely in various aspects and the demands of market increase, we should attach importance to the difficulty and cost of generating the panorama. So we describe a portable device of generating the panorama in this paper. The device takes advantage of the coordination of the tilt angle sensor, GPS module, the controller and embedded MCU etc. Then a serial of images which the cameras shoot combines into the panorama by image processing. This portable device is not only efficient at photographing and combining images, but also excellent auto-locating.


This paper represents an integration of MIP and CLP by combining components of the CLP system ECLiPSe and the MIP system CPLEX. Our approach is introduced in three stages. Firstly we present an automatic transformation which maps general CLP programs onto such CLP programs that any disjunction is eliminated in favour of auxiliary binary variables. Secondly we present improvements of this mapping by using a committed choice operator and translations of pre-deened non-linear constraints. Thirdly we introduce a new hybrid algorithm which reduces the search space of the problem progressively by calling nite domain propagation in ECLiPSe as well as dual simplex in CPLEX. The advantages of this integration are illustrated by solving eeciently diicult sample problems, which the CLP solver and the MIP solver alone are not able to solve in reasonable time.


We investigate the effect of taxation, corruption and financial stability on the shadow economy in 23 OECD countries. For this purpose, we use a panel framework and a difference-in-difference system- GMM model over the period 2001 to 2013. While the taxation effects are assessed through the corporate income tax and the average tax wedge, the banking sector Z-score computed based on four different models represents our proxy for the financial system stability. Our results show that only the average tax wedge by family has a positive influence on the shadow economy dynamics, whereas the effect of corporate income tax proves insignificant. Further, our findings indicate a negative influence of the financial stability on the shadow economy, but the significant effect depends on how the Z-score is calculated. Finally, the corruption perception positively impacts the shadow economy dynamics. All in all, our outcomes support the idea that excessive tax burden, financial instability and institutional weaknesses range amongst the factors influencing the shadow economy.


Non-linear reversible demagnetization effects in magnetic tape are analyzed using the Wohlfarth model of perfectly aligned particles. The non-linear reversible susceptibility tensor components are evaluated and used for calculation of third-harmonic distortion of an initially undistorted magnetization pattern. The inherent tape distortion is entirely different from the distortion occurring in the anhysteretic recording process itself. The two non-linear processes are both involved and determine the overall distortion in analog recorded signals. A computer program was written to analyze the distortion for uniform, triangular, and parabolic cross-sectional distributions of the initial magnetization. The results show that the inherent tape distortion is the dominant non-linear effect in the intermediate and high frequency end of the frequency band, from ka = 0.5 and upwards. For five percent constant distortion, all the three analyzed distributions have the same output at the high frequency end to within one decibel. Moreover, the output is proportional to the tape coercivity H c and is independent of saturation magnetization M s or other tape parameters. These theoretical predictions agree with experimental results which are presented for a number of well-oriented modern tapes with coercivity between 350 and 1030 Oersted.


Received 01.05.2018; accepted 11.07.2018; printed 30.09.2018; published online 05.10.2018 The present work was aimed to evaluate the effect of the climatic factors on quality and quantity of essential oils and phenolic compounds of the aerial parts of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiales Lamiaceae) collected from three different geographic origins in Algeria (humid, semi arid, and arid). Gas-Chromatography/Mass-Spectroscopy analysis of essential oils revealed important disparities, both quantitatively and qualitatively. α-pinene and camphor as major components were found to range from 16.78 to 40.95% and from 11.24 to 36.72%, respectively. The assessment of total phenolics in water and ethyl acetate extracts of the three samples displayed a content ranging from 58.26 to 114.10 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/g of water extracts and from 73.75 to 167.91 mg GAE/g of ethyl acetate extracts. The flavonoids content was found to vary from 14.63 to 28.86 mg QE (quercetin equivalent)/g of water extracts and from 66.2 to 93.1 mg QE/g of ethyl acetate extracts. Moreover, the HPLC analysis of phenolics revealed the presence of many compounds amongst which Hesperidin and Rosmarinic acid have relatively high contents in both extracts and in the three sites.


At a recent central bank chief economists workshop at the Bank of England, there was much discussion about inflation persistence, or why core inflation was quite stable during the Great Recession and did not drop as much as one would have thought despite the very large negative output gaps. Two main hypotheses were offered. First, potential output, which is unobservable, was adversely affected by the international financial crisis. Second, inflation expectations were well anchored at the (implicit and explicit) medium-term inflation targets. So inflation persistence during the Great Recession was a hallmark of central banks' success in anchoring inflation expectations.


The internet network is the essential thing in life today, almost all devices are connected to the internet network, and many have been implemented in virtually all areas of life that exist in society today, with the concept of smart city internet system very, very play the most crucial role. This is because all have been connected to the internet network, and this system is expected to reduce many of the problems in the developing cities or developed cities. With an excellent precautionary method will lead to an orderly community system that passes traffic, can be monitored regarding vehicles, highways and traffic signs. Moreover, with intelligent monitoring, many help the government and officers work, with proper tracking the community can measure the distance traveled so that they can arrive quickly at the destination, and reduce accident in the road. The proposed Internet of Thing (IoT) monitoring which applied such as motion sensor monitoring, ultrasonic sensor monitoring, Passive Infra Red (PIR) sensor monitoring and speed sensor monitoring.


The Patient Bill of Rights grants protection for patient autonomy, the right to accept or refuse treatment, while the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, or doing no harm, is tightly held by medical clinicians. However, when doing what the patient wants is not in accord with what the physician believes is right and good, ethical conflicts arise. In the case of Mr. Roberts (anonymized), treatment for Cushing Syndrome had been completed but left him bed-ridden and connected to a ventilator, with no specific timeline predicted for recovery. Having experienced an ongoing series of refractory events, Mr. Roberts had grown weary of the suffering his "cure" had precipitated, and he expressed his wish to die. Ethical precedence already exists regarding the discontinuation of life-sustaining treatment in the setting of terminal illness or a persistent vegetative state, but can a competent patient refuse life-sustaining interventions as a means to end the suffering brought about from treatment? This case study examines the ethical dilemma. PATIENT AUTONOMY AND THE RIGHT TO DIE 3 Patient Autonomy and the Right to Die The Consumer Bill of Rights and Responsibilities, adopted by the US Advisory on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry in 1998, addresses in its key areas taking part in treatment decisions: "You have the right to be informed about your treatment options and take part in decisions about your care. You have the right to ask about the pros and cons of any treatment, including no treatment at all. As long as you are able to make sound decisions, you have the right the refuse any test or treatment, even if it means you might have a bad health outcome as a result" (cancer.org, 2014). When the patient's choice to refuse treatment will result in death, conflict arises between autonomy and beneficence. When treatment is complete but not completely curative, the balance between autonomy and beneficence becomes even more skewed. "The dialogue between autonomy and beneficence is ages old. Doing what the patient wants is not always consonant with doing what one believes is good and right for the patient. Inner conflict for the physician lies on both sides of this issue. It is just as hard to live with giving the judgmentally competent patient the right not to be treated when the outcome of treatment is likely to be good as with doing everything possible for a patient, predicting or even promising a good outcome, only to have the actual outcome make one question the quality of that saved life" (Daly, Gokhale, and Ramos-Estebanez, 2014). When there is diminution in the quality of life, does a patient have the right to die? Mr. Roberts was admitted to a venerated teaching hospital after being worked up by a general practitioner for fatigue and weakness. An elevated cortisol level led to a suspected diagnosis of Cushing Syndrome, and magnetic resonance imagine was questionable for a pituitary gland tumor. Near the end of a surgical procedure to biopsy the tumor, Mr. Roberts experienced a traumatic extubation, could not be successfully reintubated and required emergent PATIENT AUTONOMY AND THE RIGHT TO DIE 4 surgery for placement of a tracheostomy. Transsphenoidal tumor resection is a highly specialized procedure, and there was only one surgeon who performed this surgery at the hospital. Unfortunately, this surgeon was undergoing knee surgery shortly after the biopsy. Mr. Roberts had another surgical procedure to place a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube and then was sent to a rehabilitation center for weaning off the ventilator. A long series of refractory episodes continued to plague Mr. Roberts. He became septic in rehab, and was readmitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU). While there, he experienced a mechanical fall while working with Physical Therapy. Three months after the initial biopsy, he was able to have the pituitary tumor resected and came to the Neuroscience ICU post-operatively. After caring for him for three consecutive shifts, I signed up as his Primary Nurse. Mr. Roberts had grown diffident of many of the care providers, but trusted me. He had remained on the ventilator the entire time, unable to tolerate the weaning mode (continuous positive airway pressure, CPAP) for more than thirty minutes. This made it impossible for Mr. Roberts to speak, but he wrote recurrently in journals. Endocrinologists struggled to normalize his hormone levels, and further workup determined that an adrenalectomy could further address his Cushing Syndrome. Postoperatively Mr. Roberts was experiencing intense physical pain that prevented him tolerating lying flat, and involved a torticollis-like neck stiffness. It was now six months since the biopsy. In that time, Mr. Roberts had not been able to speak, eat, walk, sleep comfortably, see his beloved cat, and more importantly, leave the ICU. I entered his room alone and he wrote, "Help me." When I asked how I could help him, he wrote, "I want to die." I could see Mrs. Roberts approaching the room, so I pulled the curtain and asked him to tell me more. When he finished, I asked if I could share his statements with his wife, who was also a nurse. He agreed. The three of us sat in silence for a short while and then decided it PATIENT AUTONOMY AND THE RIGHT TO DIE 5 was time to approach the attending physician. Mr. Roberts wrote of his suffering, of the lack of any quality of life and any promise of quality. Mr. Roberts wanted to go home to die. The attending physician placed a consult to the Ethics Committee. The Consumer Bill of Rights and Protection safeguards Mr. Roberts' right to refuse treatment, even though in this case treatment had essentially been completed. He was being followed by three services – neurosurgery, endocrinology, pulmonology – all of whom had determined that there were no more interventions other than to allow Mr. Roberts' body to normalize, strengthen, and wean him from the ventilator. "There is ethical and legal consensus that a patient has the right to refuse life-sustaining treatment (LST), as an expression of autonomy-based principles, when the patient demonstrates an appropriate degree of capacity, the decision is consistent with the patient's preferences and free from coercion, and when the burdens exceed the benefits of continued treatment. Patients can request to discontinue LST for any number of reasons, some of which are ethically relevant. For instance, sometimes a patient refuses LST because of an inherent belief that maintaining current and foreseeable aggressive interventions constitutes an unacceptable quality of life" (Peña, 2015). The Ethics Committee met privately with Mr. Roberts before questioning his family or any of his caregivers. Additionally, Mr. Roberts' pastor was brought in to discuss his desire to die. The committee then interviewed his physicians, myself, his wife and two sons. Among the committee's priorities was determining Mr. Roberts' capacity to make this decision. "While the right to withhold and withdraw life-sustaining treatment (LST) has been clearly established in American law, medicine, and ethics, clinicians and families hold to the time-honored principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, in their desire to protect even the 'autonomous' patient from short-sighted, poorly considered decisions that can cut a life short, if there is any way to avoid PATIENT AUTONOMY AND THE RIGHT TO DIE 6 doing so in a situation where all believe that the patient can get better. Depression does not always preclude capacity for specific medical decisions, but it can lessen second-level autonomy—which is the ability to reflect critically upon current wishes with the ability to change such wishes in light of more important preferences and values. Capacity to appreciate knowledge is more than just what one knows or understands about treatment choices and their consequences; it is how those choices and consequences are believed and what they mean, when applied to the personal, lived situation" (Leslie and Robinson, 2015). The Ethics Committee had determined that Mr. Roberts had capacity to make this choice and had taken all aspects of his decision into consideration, even at a metaphysical level. In a group meeting with all of the mentioned parties to Mr. Roberts' care, all of the physicians maintained that Mr. Roberts had been cured. But when asked how long it would be until Mr. Roberts could exact any normalcy in the quality of his life, no one was able to offer a predictable time line. Six months to a year were suggested. Mr. Roberts was in a form of medical purgatory. "Since none of us are very good at predicting the future, we have all probably travelled this road to medical purgatory. We have traversed this path either as a personal journey or as a guide with patients and family members under our care. Our patient arrived here by following the rules of the road, seeking the best of medical opinions, choosing options that were reasonable, receiving excellent care, and encountering surprises that were not predictable" (Brown and Galanos, 2015). The meeting dispersed and the committee adjourned to determine if Mr. Roberts would be permitted to go home to die. The Ethics Committee was given a daunting task. There are no cut and dry normative theories that dictate an obvious resolve. A Utilitarian approach would allow Mr. Roberts to die if certain criteria were met. From the Utilitarian perspective, the right action would be whatever PATIENT AUTONOMY AND THE RIGHT TO DIE 7 results in the greatest amount of happiness to the greatest number of people involved. "Thus if the person wanted to die, and less family members objected that agreed, the mercy killing would be ok. However, if more family member objected, the Utilitarian would push the principles of the Utilitarian approach back on the family members to ask what would result in the greatest amount of happiness. In this case, the unnece


This study sought to establish the influence of procurement methods on supply chain performance in devolved governments in Kenya The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to assess the influence of open tendering on supply chain performance in devolved governments, to determine whether restricted tendering affect supply chain performance in devolved governments, to establish whether single sourcing influence supply chain performance in devolved governments and to explore whether request for quotations affect supply chain performance in devolved governments. Descriptive research design was used for the study. The target population for this study was supply chain personnel from the six counties. There are 90 employees working in supply chain department as they were arguably in a better position to answer the question in order to address the research problem. The respondents included supply chain managers, supply chain officers, procurement assistants and clerical officers in the department. Primary data was collected using questionnaires by use of the census survey technique. The quantitative data was entered into SPSS for analysis. Factor analysis was then applied to reduce the data which was finally used for analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques were used. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analyzed thematically. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, means and standard deviations were used to analyze the data while inferential statistics such as correlation and regression analysis were used to test on the relationship between the variables of the study where multiple regression model was used at 5% level of significance Tables, graphs and charts were used to present the findings of the study. It is notable that there exist strong positive relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable as shown by R value (0.852). The coefficient of determination (R) is used to measure how far the regression model's ability to explain the variation of the independent variables. The data showed that the high R square is 0.726. It shows that the independent variables in the study were able to explain 72.60% variation in the supply chain performance in devolved governments while the remaining 27.40% is explained by the variables or other aspects outside the model. The study recommends for open tendering in the devolved governments as it allows International Journal of Human Resources and Procurement Vol. 6 Issue 2 http://www.ijsse.org ISSN 2307-6305 Page | 39 for fairness and transparency. Restricted tendering as a procurement method can limit the request for tenders to a selected number of service providers, suppliers or contractors. Single sourcing should be enhanced in the devolved governments especially when the tighter the coordination between procures in County Government and supplier required for Just in time (JIT) stock initiatives encourages the County to shift supply relations towards single sourcing. The county government can benefit from single sourcing in terms of reduced order lead times, quantity discounts from order consolidation and logistical cost reductions and this influences supply and processing of goods and services and achieve cost efficiency due to quantity discounts involved in this method. The findings have demonstrated role of procurement methods on the supply chain performance in devolved governments to include; open tendering, single sourcing, restricted tendering and request for quotations. The current study should therefore be expanded further in future in order to determine the effect of public procurement legal framework on supply chain management practices. Existing literature indicates that as a future avenue of research, there is need to undertake similar research in other devolved governments and national government in Kenya and other countries in order to establish whether the explored factors can be generalized to affect supply chain performance. Introduction The expansion of procurement has largely expanded post-implementation of county governments in Kenya. Chapter 11 (Cap 11) of the Kenya Constitution that was promulgated on august 27, 2010 paved way for the realization of the current devolved system of governance (Obanda, 2010). Juma (2010) noted that public procurement is a critical process in the economy owing to the fact that it controls a sizeable proportion (10%) of Kenya's GDP. The Kenya constitution of 2010 devolved procurement powers such that at County levels, citizens are responsible for their own purchases (Constitution of Kenya, 2010). As such, each of the 47 counties has an established procurement function bestowed with the responsibility of purchasing goods and services for their departments. Nairobi County, though geographically small, harbours the largest number of people in Kenya due to its metropolitan position. Providing services founded on the dimensions of quality to large populations in the Nairobi County implies a huge budget of budget allocation and complex purchase and supply chain processes. Supply chain performance of such complex institution is founded on adoption of effective procurement methods. Performance of supply chain is based on the principles of efficiency and effectiveness (Fairgrieve&Lichère, 2011). Meeting the efficiency and effectiveness in procumbent systems has become a critical factor to consider among the procurement stakeholders. Lember, Kattel and Kalvet (2014) define efficiency as the ability to avoid wastage of resources in terms of materials, energy, money and time in the procurement process. Effectiveness, on the other hand, is defined as the capability of the procurement process to produce the desired result by meeting the commercial, regulatory and socio-economic goals of government in a manner that is appropriate to the government. According to Fairgrieve and Lichère (2011), a process that is deemed to be effective leads to achievement of the intended or expected outcome or produces a deep and vivid impression of devotion towards operational performance. The core concern of the stakeholders in the Nairobi County government constitutes adopting a procurement method that promises excellence in procumbent processes. Public Procurement Oversight Authority (2016) asserts that the Kenya's Public Procurement System has undergone evolution across time from crude a system that featured no regulations to the current orderly and legally regulated procurement system. Originally, the procurement system of the Kenyan government was construed in the Supplies Manual of 1977 (Obanda, 2010). This was later supplemented by circulars issued from time to time by the treasury. During the same period, the responsibility of ensuring a proper observance of the provisions of the manual was bestowed upon the Director of Government Supply Services. Various tender boards were created by the manual; their primary role was to ensure proper adjudication of tenders and their awards with the efficiency of the whole process of supply chain. International Journal of Human Resources and Procurement Vol. 6 Issue 2 http://www.ijsse.org ISSN 2307-6305 Page | 40 The Supplies Manual of 1978 was reviewed in 1999 (Public Procurement Oversight Authority, 2016). Through this review, a myriad of weaknesses were identified. This included lack of uniform procurement systems for the public sector as a whole, lack of a penalties and sanctions against persons who breached the regulations, lack of coverage of public works, and weak dispute settlement mechanisms relating to the award procedures. Based on the aforementioned weaknesses, the necessity of enacting a law governing public sector's procurement system could not be overlooked. The Public Procurement and Disposal Act (2005) was enacted, and it became operational on 1st January 2007 with the gazettement of the Public Procurement and Disposal Regulations of 2006 (Public Procurement Oversight Authority, 2016). The Public Procurement and Disposal Act (2005) created the Public Procurement Oversight Authority (PPOA), the Public Procurement Advisory Board (PPAB) and the continuance of the Public Procurement Complaints, Review and Appeals Board as the Public Procurement Administrative Review Board (PPARB). The core responsibilities of the PPAB and PPARB include ensuring adherence to the procurement procedures established under the Public Procurement and Disposal Act (2005) (PPOA, 2016), monitoring the procurement system and reporting its overall performance, and ensuring compliance with the procurement procedures established under the Act. Section 121 of the Public Finance Management Act (2012) provides that a County Government Entity shall procure goods and services and dispose of assets in accordance with Article 227 of the Constitution and the Public Procurement and Disposal Act (Fatuma&Wanyoike, 2015). Section 227 provides guidelines for various methods of procurement adopted by county governments in making their purchases. World Bank (2014) highlights various methods of procurement including direct procurement, restricted procurement, open tendering, public offer and single sourcing. Nairobi County applies different methods of procurement. The choice of method is based on the urgency of need, value of the product and constitutional requirements. Establishing the impact of each of the procurement method on Nairobi County's performance of procurement process is imperative in informing the county about the most effective and efficiency method that can enable the county ensure value for money. Kenyan Perspective of Supply Chain Performance in Devolved Governments The Constitution of Kenya 2010 created County Government structure based on principles of democracy, revenue reliability, gender equity, accountability and citizen participation. Devolution is meant to enhance accountability by bringing politicians an


Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the capitate bone is very rare. It was first reported by Jonsson in 1942 and about 30 additional cases have been reported since. Most of the cases were associated with serious trauma, but in some cases, severe trauma has not played a major etiologic role. In our case, we propose that the cause of the avascular necrosis of the capitate bone was repetitive minor trauma and pressure on the palm that disturbed the blood supply.


Mobile applications are increasingly taking advantages of the diverse geospatial web services to meet the information needs of their users. However, matching available web services to user's information needs is not a trivial task, as there are many contextual factors that may influence the fitness of use. In addition, mobile activities can be highly dynamic and interleaving, which demand certain level of context-adaption for web service matching policies. Previous work on context-based service matching and composition tends to focus on environmental and functional contexts that can be either sensed directly or defined a prior, and they assume relatively stable user activities. In this paper, we describe a method for representing and reasoning the intentional structures of mobile activities and use it to contextualize mobile map services. Our context model treats a user's mobile activity as an evolving collaborative plan situated in a set of physical and mental factors. The model explicitly reasons on the intentional structure of the mobile activity to determine the appropriate service matching policy on the fly. The feasibility and benefit of using this model is demonstrated through the implementation of a prototype system, MyTour - a mobile city tour guide application.


The purpose of  the study  to determine  the variables of trust and  communication  in partial effect on customer loyalty customer Soekarno Hatta bank branch  in Malang, and  to determine the  trust  and  communication  variables  jointly  influence on  customer loyalty customer Soekarno Hatta bank branch in Malang. The population used in this study is a customer of the bank branch in Malang Soekarno Hatta with the characteristics of men and women, residing in Malang, at least high school education or its equivalent for the reason the customer has the ability to understand the questions on the questionnaire, the minimum has been customer savings bank during the past 2 years. The number of samples used is 130 respondent. The research proves that trust (X1) and Communication (X2) simultaneously significant effect on customer loyalty variables. means higher customer confidence and better communication that exists only between the bank and its customers, the higher will affect customer loyalty to  Bank Mandiri. The research proves that trust and communication are partially significant effect on customer loyalty variables. Keywords:  Trust,  Communication, Customer Loyalty


We undertook a preliminary investigation on the population genetics of two flying squirrel species (Hylopetes fimbriatus and Petaurista petaurista albiventer) that are endemic to the northwestern Himalayan range. These species are distributed sympatrically, share similar ecological characteristics, and are confined to the Himalayan moist temperate forests ranging from 1350 to 3050 m elevation. To elucidate the genetic variability of small populations of these species, we determined the complete mitochondrial DNA control region sequence of H. fimbriatus (1109 bp) and P. petaurista albiventer (1051–1052 bp), collected at the Ayubia National Park of northern Pakistan. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities and average number of nucleotide differences among haplotypes of H. fimbriatus were similar to those of P. petaurista albiventer. However, transversional substitutions among haplotypes of H. fimbriatus were significantly greater than that of P. petaurista albiventer. This latter difference may have arisen from climatic changes during recent Pleistocene glaciations that differentially affected the distribution patterns of these two species. For instance, H. fimbriatus, which is more adaptive to colder and drier habitats, may have maintained a larger population base in the northwestern Himalayan range than P. petaurista albiventer. Alternatively, H. fimbriatus might have colonized the northwestern parts of the Himalayas earlier than P. petaurista albiventer, and may have had a longer evolutionary period to adapt to the cool mesic climate of this region.


In this correspondence paper, a variable-rate coding scheme is proposed for an uplink NOMA system. Specifically, each user employs a multilevel irregular repeat-accumulate (IRA) coding scheme, which consists of multiple common component IRA encoders. The variable-rate coding scheme is realized by flexibly adjusting the number of component IRA encoders allocated to each user. We design this common component IRA encoder based on extrinsic information transfer analysis to achieve an overall good multi-user decoding performance. The advantages of our proposed scheme are as follows: first, simple implementation of rate variation, second, flexible design of multilevel IRA coding, i.e., the well-designed component IRA encoders does not need to be re-designed when any user changes its rate, third, fair decoding convergence of each user, and finally, capacity-approaching performance.


A 34-year-old man with a history of labile hypertension was referred for focal ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). The patient reported multiple episodes of palpitations since his late teens. Documentation of palpitations in the months preceding ablation had revealed AF. At electrophysiological study, there was no inducible supraventricular tachycardia, although dual AV nodal physiology was present. There was no evidence of an accessory pathway. During the study, AF developed. Cardioversion was attempted numerous times, with early recurrence of AF …


DEAR EDITOR, Recurrence rates following conventional surgery for lentigo maligna (LM) – a form of in situ melanoma – and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) – the invasive form of LM – have previously been reported as between 7% and 15%. We aim to present our single-centre experience with LM and LMM, focusing on clinical and pathological characteristics including recurrence and survival analysis. This monocentric study was performed at the Skin Cancer Center Ruhr-University (Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany). The study was approved by the ethics review board of the Ruhr-University Bochum. We assessed the records of patients with LM and LMM from 2000 to 2012. Clinicopathological parameters such as age, sex, anatomical site of primary, melanoma subtype, Clark level, tumour regression, ulceration and thickness (Breslow) were analysed. Follow-up data were collected using chart review and by contacting resident practitioners and dermatologists. LM and LMM were entirely removed with a small excision margin and then assessed by micrographically controlled histology. All tumours were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemistry included staining with S100 and Melan-A/MART-1 (melanoma-associated antigen recognized by T cells). All melanomas had been assessed by two senior dermatohistopathologists. Patients with LMM of tumour thickness ≥ 1 mm and/or ulcerated LMM (> 0 75 mm) underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy. Patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes were treated with complete lymph node dissection and high-dose interferon-a2b. Data analysis was performed using the statistical package MedCalc Software (MedCalc, Mariakerke, Belgium). Non-normally distributed data were expressed as median and range. Data were analysed using the v-test. Local recurrencefree survival and overall survival were examined using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis. Survival curves were calculated from the time of diagnosis of the primary melanoma, and were considered censored for patients alive at the last follow-up, or in the event of nonmelanomarelated deaths or unavailable data. P-values < 0 05 were considered significant. Data were available for 270 patients [122 (45 2%) female; 148 (54 8%) male]; median age 80 years (range 47–102); with LM (124/270, 45 9%) or LMM (146/270, 54 1%). The median LMM tumour thickness was 0 35 mm (range 0 1–6 9), and Clark level was II in 88 patients, III in 30, IV in 27 and V in one patient. Overall 133 of 146 patients (91%) had LMM with tumour thickness < 1 mm. Ulceration was observed in five patients (1 9%), and regression was not observed (Table 1). In total 241 of 270 tumours (89 3%) were found on the head and neck, 25 (9 3%) on the upper extremities and three (1 1%) on the lower extremities. At primary diagnosis we found only one patient (0 7%) with LMM with lymph node metastases. In 140 patients (51 9%), the tumour was completely removed with the first excision, in 91 (33 7%) with the second, 16 (5 9%) with the third, one (0 4%) with the fourth and four (1 5%) with the fifth excision. The corresponding micrographically determined median tumour-free excision margin (also referring to the LM component in LMM) was 3 mm (range 0 1–15 mm). In six of the 270 patients (2 2%) – three of 124 (2 4%) with


The heyday of the 1980-1990 audio drama created by the Sanggar Cerita and the Teater Sanggar Prativi, Jakarta, Indonesia, was an industrial production of drama initiatives synergize between drama creators, pharmaceutical companies and herbal medicine as sponsors, and private radio companies that broadcast them. The productivity of audio drama works in the New Order era reached dozens of titles; some audio drama works produced up to 720 series or 24 episodes for two years broadcast. The audio drama Tutur Tinular by S. Tidjab uses history in Java (Singasari, Kediri, Majapahit) as a source of creation. Critical Discourse Analysis used (Norman Fairclough) is used to reveal texts, practices of discourse. Between social practices were resulting in the finding that in the audio drama, Tutur Tinular contains the behaviour of kings (rulers), royal authorities (patih, warlords), warriors (good people), criminals (bad people), and persecuted people. In the power New Order era, audio drama, which was considered an entertainment media and educational history of nationalism, was a media of resistance of the New Order military rulers.  It contained the rulers' behaviour and soldiers who oppressed their people, but it never received a reprimand and a ban on the authorities until the regime subsided.Keywords: drama audio, counter-hegemony, critical discourse


THE literature of tropical medicine contains few references to diseases of the netvous system amongst the natives of Africa. -In this communication a description is given of some of the cases of neurological interest seen during a tour of duty in West Africa. The cases were quite unselected, occurring during the ordinary run of admissions of native soldiers to a West African Casualty Clearing Station. The unit was stationed in Nigeria and, though its location was at one time in the arid north and at ano"ther in the rain forests of the south,the patients were always drawn mainly from one infantry brigade and its ancillary troops. All but eight were Nigerians, coming from divers tribes, though the m<l.jority were Hausas. Out of 2,500 admissions to the medical section of theC.C.S. 187 cases of neurological interest . were seen and to this number have been added 10 cases seen either in other military hospitals or in civilian hospitals in Nigeria or Sierra Leone. There was one female case in this series but none of children. The neurological-examination of the average African patient was not an easy matter and it might well be compared with an examination of the nervous system of a European child. The multiplicity of tongues made history-taking difficult but the main obstacle in this direction was the fact that the sense of the passage 'of time was found to be grossly lacking in the African. Few patients could state their age'and. they could rarely give any indication of the length of duration of symptoms except when the illness was of only a few days standing. The patients could rarely do more than demonstrate which part of the body was afflicted and it was found useless to attempt to discover, for instance, the characteristics of any:,type of pain or details of any particular sy.mptom. In the physical examination the outline of the pupil was difficult to see in many cases. This was partly due to pIgmentation and partly to the fact that cases were examined in a very bright light. For satisfactory ophthalmoscopy the use cif atropine as a pupillary dilator was required. Sensory testing was done in full on the early cases but it became ;'pparent that the results were quite incorrect; the extreme' suggestibility of the African provided an additional complication in this connexion, hysterical sensory loss being of frequent occurrence. The plantar response could rarely be elicited , owing to the thickness of the skin of the sole of the foot.


Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and toxic side effect of massive dose and long-term application of Epirubicin supported by G-csf on treatment of solid carcinomas. Method: The 90 hospitalized patients of solid carcinoma were randomly divided in to 3 groups:group A was treated with massive dose Epirubicin supported by G-csf;group B with massive dose Epirubicn;group c with routine Epirubicin.The courses of treatment was more than 3 ones for every group. Results:① The minimum of WBC and ANC in group A post chemotherapy was significantly higher than that in group B and C ( P 0.01).The decreasing time of WBC and ANC in group A was significantly less than that in group B and C ( P 0.01). ②The CR and PR of group A and B was 36 cases,the effective rate was 60%,the disease median redian time(DRT)was 18.59 months and the median survival time (MST) was 19.82 months,which was remarkably higher than that in group C ( P 0.05). Conclusion: Combined applications of Epirubicin and G-csf can improve efficacy of anti-carcinoma,mobilize hemopoietic stem cell in peripheral blood,increase the number of neutrophillic granulocyte and leucocyte avoiding from infection of cytotoxic medicines and prolong survive time,specially for mammary cancer,lymphoma,small cell lung cancer,germinoma and sensitive cancer for chemotherapy.The treatment is safe and cheap.


The repair of dents in oil or gas pipelines is mandated based on depth and interaction with stress risers, according to pipeline regulations in Canada and the United States. However, there have been cases where dents that did not meet the regulatory repair criteria have ended up failing, leading to operator need for an accurate assessment method for dents in order to maintain safety. While there is no agreed-upon method currently available in industry, conservative techniques employed by operators have led to poor dig efficiency. Recent research in industry has focused on strain- and fatigue-based techniques to assess the severity of dents and prioritize them for excavation and repair. Finite element analysis has been highlighted as an accurate method to evaluate strains and stresses within dented regions of pipe, although the significant computational time required for this method makes it inefficient for system-wide analysis. In this paper, the results from hundreds of finite element analysis models are used to train artificial neural networks. Subsequently, the artificial neural networks output accurate stresses and strains, that would be obtained using finite element analysis, when presented with input dent and pipe information. As a result, the artificial neural networks harness the accurate results that can be obtained from finite element analysis while results can be obtained efficiently for applicability to a pipeline system.


A method is described for determining the angular misalignment between the High Resolution Doppler Imager instrument and its spacecraft, the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite, using observations of stars by the instrument. Roll, pitch, and yaw misalignments have been measured to within 0.0025 deg (l<r), which is an order of magnitude better than the largest tolerable alignment error. The misalignment results are validated using observations of the nighttime 5577-A O^S) green line emission. In addition, the long-term behavior of the derived alignment offsets, which shows a clear dependence of the alignment on the solar (3 angle, is presented. Nomenclature px = vector in the instrument's viewing direction expressed in the x coordinate frame Tx/y = transformation matrix from the y to the x coordinate frame t = measured time of the star crossing, s to = calculated star crossing time for the known star position and spacecraft position and attitude, s rjo = known angular misalignment vector, deg ?7i = angular misalignment between the instrument and spacecraft frame about the roll axis of the spacecraft, deg 772 = angular misalignment between the instrument and spacecraft frame about the pitch axis of the spacecraft, deg 773 = angular misalignment between the instrument and spacecraft frame about the yaw axis of the spacecraft, deg 3rj/31 = derivative of the misalignment with respect to crossing time expressed as a three-element column vector (in roll, pitch, and yaw), deg/s


ABSTRACT In this study, we focus on the temporal behaviors – speed and rhythm – of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs) and examine the effect of such behaviors on innovation performance. Using a learning perspective, we argue that OFDI speed has an inverted U-shaped effect on EMNEs' innovation performance, whereas the relationship between the uneven rhythm of OFDI and innovation performance is negative. The results, based on OFDI panel data of 1,092 Chinese firms, support our predictions that a moderate OFDI speed and a more regular pattern of OFDI expansion provide sources of competitiveness and contribute to firms' innovation performance. 摘要 本研究以新兴跨国企业对外直接投资的时间行为(包括速度和节奏)为研究对象,考察了这种行为对创新绩效的影响。本研究从学习视角出发提出对外直接投资速度对新兴市场国家创新绩效的影响呈倒U型,而对外直接投资节奏的不均匀性与创新绩效呈负相关。基于385家中国企业1092个对外直接投资的面板数据,研究结果支持了我们的预测,即适度的对外直接投资速度和更有规律的对外直接投资扩张模式能够提供竞争力来源并促进企业创新绩效。


A time domain (TD) solution based on uniform theory of diffraction‐physical optics (UTD‐PO) is presented to analyze the multiple‐building diffraction in urban areas where a wedge‐shaped hill causes shadowing of the transmitter from the receiver.We derive the channel impulse response of the renowned Bertoni's model, which utilizes a recursion relation and does not need to incorporate the slope diffraction in the transition zone. The received signals can be predicted through a simple operation of convolution, which provides a faster and easier final solution for UWB radio propagation and significantly reduces the computational time. The TD result can be applied to analyze the UWB pulse distortion by multiple‐building diffraction in urban areas where the city is surrounded by hilly areas. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:426–429, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25730


Gold transmission gratings with 0.3 um spatial period, 0.6 μm thick have been fabricated, and are being used for the spectroscopy of high temperature, laser produced plasmas. A transmission grating has been coupled with a soft x-ray streak camera, producing the first time resolved (20 psec resolution) continuous x-ray spectrum over the range 0.1-1.5 keV from a laser produced plasma. In audition, a transmission grating has been coupled with a high resolution, Winter-design x-ray microscope to produce an imaging spectrometer of unprecedented spatial and spectral resolution. In laboratory experiments the imaging spectrometer demonstrated a spectral resolving power, λ of 200 and a spacial resolution of 1 μm.


This work proposes a new method to improve the efficiency of the heat flow path of a micro thermoelectric generator (μTEG). A silicon heat concentrator is placed on a planar μTEG after alignment to guide the heat flow from the heat source to the hot junctions. The results show that the heat concentrator can efficiently isolate the heat source from the cold junctions and guide the heat flux to pass through the planar thermocouples in order to generate a temperature gradient. When a 4W/cm2 power is injected to a fabricated device, it builds an output voltage of 29V/cm2 which can supply an output power of 41μW/cm2 to a matched load resistance.


The position of the sayings of the Infallible Imams (as) which, according to the text of the successive Ḥadīth Thaqalayn, are considered equal to the Holy Qur'an, is very honorable. The poems of those Imams also have a special value in their place. Identifying the verses that are composed by those great people and the verses attributed to them requires research. In the meantime, the poems of Imam Riḍā (as) become doubly important according to the socio-political status of that Imam and theological issues in those days. In this research, all the poems of that Imam, including his own poems and the attributed verses or verses that the Imam has represented or witnessed, have been mentioned, and then, according to various evidences and referring to all available sources, the poems of that Imam, which often have wise content, have been identified in the oldest sources, and then it has been translated into fluent Persian by stating their poetic prosody.


Simon Fraser University, located in Burnaby, seven miles from the centre of Vancouver, was established under the 1963 Universities Act of British Columbia, and received its first under-graduate and graduate students in September 1965, into the faculties of arts, science, and education.


ONBALANCE, EVEN A glance at the history of the Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE) makes clear that the organization consistently has sought to be a force in education for librarianship and more recently for information science. Such a review also makes clear that ALISE has not been consistent in pursuing its goals nor has it been clear on what these goals were. Donald Davis has documented the history of the organization from its founding in 1915 until 1968.' That history shows that ALISE has pursued several themes that have not been consistent with one another and that inconsistencies and contradictions in message have resulted in a certain cognitive dissonance in ALISE's statements over the years. These themes have been the following: (1) meeting place for persons engaged in library and information science education, (2) seeking involvement in accreditation, (3) association of schools v. association of members, (4)dealing with nonaccredited library schools, and ( 5 )relating library science and information science.


Iron meteorites were analysed for nineteen siderophile and chalcophile elements by conventional inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with the specific aim of demonstrating that this technique is an effective alternative to the more routine, yet complex, methodologies adopted in this field such as instrumental or radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Two aliquots of each meteorite sample, in the form of small shavings, were dissolved, one in 6 mol l-1 HNO3 and the other in aqua regia, and diluted to a final concentration of 1 mg sample per 1 ml of solution, without pre-concentrating the analytes. Nitric acid solutions were used for the determination of the elements Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge and As; aqua regia solutions were analysed for the elements Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, In, Sn, Sb, W, Re, Ir, Pt and Au. Samples were analysed by external calibration, carried out using synthetic multi-elemental solutions, and internal standardisation (with Be, Rb and Bi selected as internal standards). The results obtained from the analyses of nine geochemically well-characterized iron meteorites (Canyon Diablo, Odessa, Toluca, Coahuila, Sikhote-Alin, Buenaventura, Tambo Quemado, Gibeon, NWA 859) with widely variable chemical compositions are in good agreement with literature values for most elements. Detection limits were generally below the lowest concentration observed in iron meteorites. The most notable exception is for Ge, which cannot be successfully determined in the low-Ge meteorites of groups IVA, IVB and IIIF and a number of ungrouped irons. A test of the overall reproducibility of the adopted method, undertaken by repeatedly analysing the same Odessa IAB meteorite specimen, yielded relative standard deviations (1 s) of between 1 and 6% for all elements except Cr (40%).


Membrane extrusion vesicles were prepared from egg yolk lecithin (egg PC) and a mixture of egg PC+dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (molar ratio=67 : 1 or 27 : 1). Zeta potential of the vesicles was measured with an electrophoretic light-scattering photometer as functions of pH and ionic strength of the dispersion medium. At neutral pH, zeta potential of all samples was negative, but increased with decrease in pH and becoming positive at acidic pH (<pH 3) suggesting protonation of the phosphate group of egg PC molecules. Flocculation and colloidal stability of the vesicles were assessed based on turbidity and visual observation, respectively, and the results were interpreted by the DLVO theory. Semi-quantitative agreement between this theory and the results was confirmed for flocculation, whereas the theory did not provide adequate explanation for the pH and ionic strength dependence of egg PC vesicle dispersion stability.


Objective: To evaluate the documental quality of websites related to Home Care Services. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of websites based on Home Care Services, using searches on Google to access the study population. The "fallacy sample" of this search engine was take into account. The quality was studied thought the 8 variables of the Credibility Indicator (CI). Results: A total of 215 active websites, mainly belonging to the media, were evaluated. None of the websites met all 8 items in the CI. Mean of 2,12 ± 0,07; Minimum of 0 and Maximum of 5; Median equal to 3. Within the studied websites, 74 (34,42%) presented both authorship and affiliation. There was an association between the CI accomplishment and websites that had these 2 variables (p <0.001). Conclusions: The quality of websites covering issues of Hospital-Based Home Care services is still poor. It is confirmed that identifying authorship and affiliation is an important factor in predicting the quality of the information. The Credibility Indicator is a useful aid when determining the quality of a website.


INTRODUCTION: This study was carried out to determine the perceptions of nurses working in a university hospital about the working environment. METHODS: The universe of this descriptive study consists of 853 nurses working in a university hospital. The sample of the study was included 598 nurses who agreed to participate in the study. The rate of participation in the research is 70.10%. The data were collected with the Personal Information Form, Nursing Work Index-The Practice Work Environment Scale. In the evaluation of the data, one-way ANOVA, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to evaluate the difference between frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, independent variables, and Tukey HSD test and Benferonni Corrected Mann Whitney U test were used to determine which group the difference originated from. RESULTS: Nursing Work Index-The Practice Work Environment Scale mean score was found to be 2.56 ± 0.57. It was determined that the nurses 'perception of the working environment was influenced by the nurses' age, marital status, education level, duration of work in the institution, duration of professional experience, position and the unit they work in. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: IIn this study, it was found that nurses evaluated the working environment at a intermediate. It was determined that the nurses' perception of the working environment: was influenced by age, marital status, education level, working time in the institution, professional experience duration, management duty status and the unit they work in.


Advertising is one of the special form of communication to meet the marketing function. Therefore, companies are now trying hard to create effective advertising. Advertising in the form of pop-ups in social media Youtube was chosen as one of the advertising media.
 This study will analyze the antecedent variables into the effectiveness of popup ads on social media Youtube. Data retrieved by using a questionnaire submitted to the 300 respondents. Data will be analyzed by simple regression analysis and multiple regression.
 The analysis showed that the attitude toward the ad, attitude toward the brand, purchase intention, and the intensity of seeing ads have a positive influence on the effectiveness of pop-up ads on social media Youtube. The results of this study can be considered for companies that will advertise in the form of pop-up ads on social media Youtube.


Recent trends in reliability and fatigue life analysis of electronic devices have involved developing structural integrity models for predicting the operating lifetime under vibratory and thermal environmental exposure. Solder joint reliability is the most critical issue for the structural integrity of surface mounted electronics. Extensive research has been done on thermal behavior of solder joints, however, dynamic loading effects on solder joint fatigue life have not been thoroughly investigated. The physics of solder joint failure under vibration is still not very clear. This paper presents a test program which was performed to study inelastic behavior of solder joints of BGA packages. A concurrent loading unit is used which consists of a thermal environmental chamber and an electrodynamic shaker. Laser Moire Interferometry was used to measure the whole deformation field of the prepared specimen surface. The corresponding inelastic strain field is then calculated. It is found that at elevated temperature, vibration and shock can cause the accumulation of inelastic strains and damage in solder joints. In this paper, contrary to the popular belief that all vibration-induced strains are elastic, it is shown that vibration can cause significant inelastic strains.


Killing Wolves Legally: Exploring the Scope for Lethal Wolf Management under European Nature Conservation Law Arie Trouwborst & Floor M. Fleurke To cite this article: Arie Trouwborst & Floor M. Fleurke (2019): Killing Wolves Legally: Exploring the Scope for Lethal Wolf Management under European Nature Conservation Law, Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy, DOI: 10.1080/13880292.2019.1686223 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/13880292.2019.1686223


THe survival of erythrocytes in blood treated for 24 hours with sufficient gentian violet to cure Tripanozoma Cruzi was determined in samples held at 4 deg C. THe technique of Cr/sup 51/-labeling was used. An attempt was made to adjust various types of equations to the experimental data, and a simple exponential equation was ound to fit best. This fact indicates that dye alters the erythrocytes independently of age. The alteration does not contraindicate the use of the dye. The values obtained for the survival varied from 62 to 93 days for the mean life. (tr-auth)


The three cast HfC-strengthened cobalt based alloys previously tested in oxidation at 1200°C during 50 hours by recording mass gain were, in this second part of this work, metallographiocally characterized, as the two ternary chromium carbides – strengthened alloys introduced in the study for comparisons. X-Ray Diffraction runs and Energy Dispersion Spectrometry were performed to bring information concerning the constitution of the external oxides while SEM examinations allowed characterizing the microstructure changes in the bulk. None of the five alloys showed a chromia-forming behaviour as already suggested by the rather fastmass gains. The oxides are multi-constituted and notably contain cobalt oxides, spinel cobalt-chromiumoxide, and sometimes hafniumoxide in the case of the HfC-strengthened alloys. In contrast with the ternary alloys that loosed all their carbides, the interdendritic HfC carbide network of the three Hf-containing alloys remained unchanged during the high temperature exposure. This demonstrates the interesting mechanical potential of such alloys for high temperatures application, but maybe also the necessity to improve their oxidation resistance, for example by increasing their chromium content or by applying a chromium rich coating.


The presence of allergenic activity in human dander has been reported by Van Leeuwen and his co-workers, 1 Keller 2 and Hampton and Cooke 3 and has been discussed several times by Sulzberger. Most allergists, however, have expressed doubt that human dander is allergenic for man. Human dander is a complex mixture of cornified epidermal cells, sebum, sweat and numerous micro-organisms, as well as various dust particles and other material. In recent studies I 4 presented evidence confirming the existence of an allergen for man in human dander. The allergen investigated was found to be separate and distinct from the allergens in feathers, wool, orris, house dust, cottonseed, karaya gum, bluegrass and ragweed pollen. It was found in dander and hair from the scalp but was not detected in scales of skin from the general body surface or in hair, other contents or inner lining of a


This study focuses on the Seoul Campus Town project, which utilizes the university's education and research-based resources to create a win-win situation between the university, the local community, and the youth. The study discusses the experiences of the support system needed by early-stage entrepreneurs from the resource dependence theory perspective. The Campus Town project participants, who were early-stage entrepreneurs, underwent face-to-face and non-face-to-face in-depth interviews as a qualitative study. The study results showed that, first, regarding the perception of Sungkyunkwan University's Campus Town business, early entrepreneurs perceived that it is easy to enter with a low threshold and that it is highly accessible because it is based at a university. In addition, regarding the experience of utilizing support, early entrepreneurs strongly perceived that they needed to secure a startup space to challenge startups, and they needed to obtain business funds to realize their startup items. Therefore, they agreed to secure various resources for the company's sustainability. Second, as a strategy for securing resources, the study sought to strengthen their resource dependence by participating in other startup support projects, strengthen their organizational capabilities to withstand similar companies, scale up for sustainability, and attract investment for the exit. We examined the perceptions and experiences of early-stage entrepreneurs regarding startup support programs, suggested resources that should be prioritized, and concluded these results. In addition, it was found that early-stage entrepreneurs are seeking various strategies to secure resources through dependence and independence for sustainable management. Finally, this study analyzed resource cooperation between universities and localities for entrepreneurship through case studies, discussed participants' perceptions and experiences, and made practical and qualitative recommendations for public-private partnership entrepreneurship programs.


: A method of measuring low resistance in the range of micro-ohms based on a commercially available time to digital converters is proposed. The method is based on the discharge time of a fixed value capacitor. In contrast to the four probe method, time domain measurement does neither need to pass a large current through the specimen or measure noise prone very low voltages. Due to its ratiometric nature, the measurement results are not affected by variation in the voltage source of the circuit. This has an advantage over the four probe method where a precision current source is required. This greatly reduces the cost of measurement. This method is implemented using the commercially available time to digital converter and an analog circuit. The measurement requires a capacitor of a fixed value that is charged and discharged during the measurements.


The hydrostatic testing machine in BaoSteel tube plant is an state-of-the-art equipment integrated with mechanics,electronics,hydraulics,sensors,auto-control and computers that can meet the demand of tube hydrostatic test.However,problems,particularly the overrun of the balancing cylinder's displacement,occurred in practice.The real-time change of the balancing cylinder's displacement during the pressurization and depressurization process was monitored and recorded.It was concluded from the analysis of the data that the displacement is relevant to the testing pressure,the pressurization offset and the balancing system pressure offset.


Ways to improve the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of primary converters in each case have their fundamental and practical limitations. To determine the optimal frequency of the electromechanical conversion and ensure the specified accuracy and stability of metrological characteristics are encouraged to use the method of probabilistic stability studies of the output characteristic of the converter. The research is based on the methods of the stability characteristics of the probabilistic stability studies, provides the most comprehensive account of the random nature of the structural abnormalities and electrical parameters under the influence of destabilizing factors in serial production. Formed the basis of the method of moments technique allows for a small amount of calculations to obtain the necessary accuracy.


Several halogen-lithium interchange equilibria have been measured to obtain the relative stabilities of various alkyl-, cycloalkyl, alkenyl- and aryllithium reagents. Data and arguments are presented to show that the equi librium constants are primarily affected by some structural parameter of the simple organolithium reagent, and it is concluded that the data may serve as a quantitative or semiquantitative the conditions of the analysis, as judged by titration of base present. It was further observed that when a solution of heptyl-lithium (0.0146 mole) was added to a solution of 0.03 mole of allyl bromide in ether and the resulting mixture decomposed with 99.5% deuterium oxide, that the n-heptane isolated from the reaction mixture contained less than 0.03 atom per cent deu terium, whereas when the n-heptyllithium was treated directly with deuterium oxide, n-heptane containing 5.08 atom per cent deuterium was obtained. These experiments established that the reaction with allyl bromide is quantitative and selective for lithium reagent in the cases indicated, and the method was therefore used for all analyses of lithium reagents. Empirical determinations relative peak areas as functions of mole fractions were made for each pair of iodides. Excellent straight-line correlations were generally obtained. Known mixtures of ethyllithium ethyl iodide in ether n-heptane internal were hydrolyzed and analyzed as described above to give ethyl iodide analyses 0.5 and 1.5% in error. A similar check in pentane solution gave 2.5 and 1.4% errors. included in many of the exchange reaction mixtures, a check on the constancy of the concentrations of individual iodides (otherwise indicated only by the constancy of the alkyllithium determinations). ratio of iodides required for calculation of equilibrium constants and since the latter were calculated only when alkyl (when essentially detailed iodide/n-heptane


To refrain from the complex construction and low sensitivity of the spectrophotometric detector,a high sensitive laser flow detector including laser source,attenuator,flow cell and photoelectric sensor is design.A new type of laser source which is reliable and whose wavelengh can be tuned in range of 500~800nm is designed through the optimization of different wavelength semiconductor laser diode.It is successfully used to determine the ppb-level silicate in boiler water and feedwater at power plants.The silicate detection limit measures up to 1.13μg/L.


lie discourse. Obedience to husbands or fathers was 'impracticable', she wrote, when commands were 'contrary to the highest obligations of morality'. She recognised her own weakness was in obeying too long. The interesting thing about Pennington is that despite the attempt by her husband to discredit her and undermine her maternal authority with accusations of pre-marital transgressions she nevertheless won public respect for her Advice and challenged accepted ideas of virtuous motherhood.


Epilepsy is a chronic recurrent transient brain dysfunction syndrome.Seizure is correlated with the enhancement of glutamate responses mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor.NMDA receptor-mediated signal transduction is critical for synaptic plasticity,learning and memory.When epilepsy occurs,the NMDA receptors are up-regulated and the corresponding ion channels are kept open so that the neurons discharge continuously.At the same time,increased intracellular calcium causes the disorder of calcium homeostasis,resulting in neuron death.Postsynaptic density protein-95(PSD-95),localized to NMDA receptor,may be involved in the pathophysiological process of seizure.As a selective NMDA receptor antagonist,the NR2B subunit selective antagonist has broad clinical application prospects in acute and chronic seizures.


The drugs produce after the drugs production enterprise,the process medicine commercial company,wholesales from the level to two levels of wholesales,again to three levels of wholesales,the final hospital also must defer to the national policy to increase price 15%,the hospital opens again for the patient.Each circulation link all wants some people to do,therefore each circulation link all must increase price,may say,at present circulated the link already to become the current drugs sudden and huge profits the biggest black hole,finally caused the patient to see a doctor expensively.The drugs direct sale may reduce the drugs price to a great extent,thus the control drugs ex-factory price and sells between the selling price hugeness "the price to be bad",to solves the common people to see a doctor the expensive question to have the positive sense.If the drugs can enter the hospital directly from the enterprise,these questions on basic may be solved.


The overall goal of cardiac tissue engineering is to re‐establish the structure and function of infarcted myocardial tissue. Interdisciplinary research at the interface of stem cells and bioengineering holds promise that functional cardiac tissue grafts can be generated in vitro, and used for implantation as well as models to study cardiac development and disease. In all cases, the notion is that the biological potential of cardiovascular cells can be mobilized by providing controllable environments that regulate cell differentiation and assembly by factors present during native development. Key requirements for cardiac regeneration include an appropriate cardiac tissue matrix, electromechanical cell coupling, and functional vascularization. This talk will discuss some recent and ongoing work towards meeting these requirements. We will also discuss the important interactions between the engineered tissue grafts and the inflammatory environment of the infarct bed that largely determine the functional outcomes of tissue engineered heart repair.


Some necessary and sufficient differential conditions are given for the regulär extendibility (in the sense of Fueter) of functions defined on a hypersurface of //-/". 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision): 30G35. Introduction In this paper we continue the study of regulär functions of several quaternionic variables, begun in the Doctoral Thesis ([3]). We refer to this work for a methodical exposition and historical Information, while the original results of the Thesis are contained in the paper [2], in which, among other things, we prove a representation formula of Bochner-Martinelli type, a theorem of Hartogs type and an extension theorem for functions/: dU -> //-/, which verify suitable integral conditions. The present work deals essentially with the problem of the regulär extension of functions defined on hypersurfaces of //-/". After a first introductive section, in section 2 we give some differential conditions, which are necessary and sufficient in order to solve the equation dg = /, where/is a function with compact support. In section 3 we determine the necessary differential conditions, in order that a function defined on a hypersurface of IH may be the trace of a regulär function. In the last two sections we prove some theorems of extension for functions satisfying such conditions, respectively in the analytic case and in the differentiable case. It is to note that, unlike the complex case, trace conditions are expressed by differential equations of both first and second order. I wish to thank G. Tomassini for the advice and the suggestions he gave me during the preparation of this work.


The excess of losses in tapered diode lasers due to the unstable cavity design is analyzed. These losses are estimated from simulations performed with a quasi-3D laser model in 975 nm index and gain guided tapered laser with different geometries. The results show taper losses ranging between 0.5 and 10 cm/sup -1/, a clear increase of the losses with the taper angle, and higher losses for gain guided than for index guided devices with identical dimensions.


Linking miR-155 to Monocyte Defects in Rheumatoid Arthritis See article p. 1766 IL-10 Treatment for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia See article p. 1786 Tissue-Specific Roles for Autophagy Genes See article p. 1820 LSD1 Aids Marginal Zone B Cell Development See article p. 1867 Evolution of Ag Receptors, MHC Class I, and CD1 See article p. 1882 NK Cell Production of IFN-γ: Timing Matters See article p. 1981


Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with obesity and other comorbidities involving multiple organ systems, which may increase the risk of postsurgical complications. Knowledge is sparse on the impact of T2D on the postsurgical outcome after breast cancer (BC) surgery in primary BC. Objectives To investigate the association of T2D and risk of complications after primary BC surgery, and according to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Our cohort included all Danish women diagnosed with early-stage operable BC during 1996-2018 registered in the Danish Breast Cancer Group clinical database. All patients had primary surgical treatment—mastectomy or breast conserving surgery. Information on prevalent T2D was collected from Danish medical and prescription registries, defining T2D via diagnostic codes or redemption of ≥2 prescriptions for glucose-lowering drugs. We defined postoperative complications as hospital admissions for medical or surgical complications (re-operations (excluding seromas), bleeding, infection, thrombosis, kidney or arterial cardiovascular disease) up to 30 days after primary BC surgery. We calculated the 30-day cumulative incidence function (CIF) of postoperative complications and used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) overall, and stratified by the receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, adjusting for potential confounders. Results Among 84,491 women with operable BC, 4,669 (5.5%) had prevalent T2D at time of BC surgery. Overall, 800 (17.1%) and 8,621 (10.8%) of BC patients with and without T2D developed postoperative complications corresponding to CIFs of 17% (95%CI: 16% - 18%) and 11% (95%CI: 10% - 11%), respectively, and a HR of 1.44 (95%CI: 1.34-1.56). 173 (3.7%) BC patients with T2D and 2,805 (3.5%) without T2D received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Among those who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the CIFs of postoperative complications was 17% (95% CI: 16% - 18%) and 11% (95% CI: 10% - 11%) for women with and without T2D, respectively, with a corresponding HR of 1.42 (95% CI: 1.31-1.53). For those with and without T2D who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the CIFs were 24% (95% CI: 18% - 30%) and 10% (95% CI: 9% - 11%), respectively, and with a corresponding HR of 2.08 (95% CI: 1.49-2.91). Conclusion Among women with BC, prevalent T2D at the time of primary BC surgery increases the risk of postoperative complications. This excess risk is particularly pronounced among patients who undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
 Citation Format: Kasper Kjærgaard, Jannik Wheler, Looket Dihge, Peer Christiansen, Signe Borgquist, Deirdre Cronin-Fenton. The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on Complications after Primary Breast Cancer Surgery: a Danish population-based cohort study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-03-10.


The kinetics, activation parameters, solvent effects, and catalytic activities in the isomerization of cis-[Pt(Bun3P)2Cl2] indicate that the mechanism does not involve cosecutive displacements; pseudorotation of a pentaco-ordinate intermediate should be considered.


This study examined the effects of permanent residual compressive stress on the ferroelectric properties of PbZrxTi1−xO3 (PZT) films that was induced during cooling after annealing. PZT films were deposited on the tensile side of elastically bent silicon substrates by rf magnetron sputtering using a single oxide target. Compressive stress was induced on the film by removing the substrate from the holder immediately after annealing. The compressive stress effectively compensated for the inherent tensile stress that had developed during cooling. The ferroelectric properties were enhanced markedly by the induced stress; the remnant polarization and the saturation polarization increased by 35% and 24%, respectively, while the coercive field did not change much. Contrary to the ferroelectric properties, the dielectric properties decreased slightly by the stress.


In the framework of the molecular dynamics method the features of structural rearrangements in vanadium crystallites under deformation in constrained conditions are investigated. Twins and edge dislocations are nucleated during the deformation of the crystallite. A large twin lamella is formed at stretching along the [112¯] direction. Stretching along [111] and [11¯0] results in the formation of numerous small fragments. These fragments are formed due to the growth and interaction of twins. Some of them have crystal orientations that differ from twin ones.


Objective To investigate the method to improve the quality of rat islets after cryopreservation to make a basis for establishment of the islet bank. Methods All the recipients were divided into three groups:experiment group A (co-cryopreserved one step islets transplantation);control group B (fresh islets transplantation);control group C (stepwise cryopreserved islets transplantation) The islet recovery,activity and effect after transplantation among three groups were observed. Results After purification, (826.87± 93.24) IEQ per rAt were collected.The mean islet recovery in group A was (87±4)%,higher than (81±4)% in the group C.The basal insulin secretory capacity in group A and group C was higher than that in group B,but the stimulation index was lower than in group B (637.3± 39.5).One week after transplantation,euglycemia was achieved in the group A and group B,and lasted to all the observation time,while in group C,it took longer time to reach euglycemia.Diabetes Mellitus could be cured by (2 011.14± 114.22) IEQ islet transplantion in group A and group B. Conclusion The effect using one step method with HTS and DMSO co-cryopreservation was much better than the stepwise method with DMSO.


Cartilage invasion adversely affects the outcome of laryngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy. The UICC and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classify laryngeal carcinoma with cartilage invasion as T4 or stage IV.