BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been increasingly applied to unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) lesions, with varied procedural success and clinical outcomes. However, the effect of PCI on left ventricular performance is still unclear, and there are no clinical studies assessing factors that influence left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in these cases. METHODS: Between April 1986 and August 2002, de novo PCI was performed for unprotected LMCA stenoses in 199 patients. Close clinical and angiographic follow-up were conducted after the procedure. RESULTS: One hundred eighty patients survived over six months and analysis of paired left ventriculography was possible in 175 patients. Improvement in LVEF was observed in the entire population (52.9 ± 15.7% to 56.1 ± 14.3%, p = 0.048). The LVEF change was 6.7 ± 9.5% (p < 0.01) in group with baseline LVEF ≤⃒ 50% and 0.7 ± 6.7 % (p = NS) in group with LVEF > 50%. There was significant intergroup difference (p < 0.001). Patients with baseline diameter stenosis ≥60% had an improvement of 5.3 ± 8.3% (p < 0.05) whereas those with stenosis < 60% had no improvement (2.0 ± 8.4%, p = NS). CK-MB elevation ≥3 times normal after PCI had a significant inverse association with improvement in LVEF (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed baseline LVEF ≤⃒50% was the only independent predictor of improvement in LVEF (standard estimate = 3.509, 95% CI: 2.164-4.854, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Successful PCI procedure is associated with significant improvement in LVEF, especially in patients with depressed left ventricular function. (Int J Cardiovasc Intervent 2004; 6: 119-127)


more invasive interventions, and multiple interactions at the human-technology interface [2, 3]. A 2010 study [4] found that as many as 62% of PICU patients experienced at least one AE during their stay, where 10% were classified as life-threatening or permanent, and 45% were deemed preventable. A recent single centered study from Europe in 2020 found that of 842 patients admitted to the PICU, 142 (16.86%) experienced at least one AE during their stay, where 91.2% were considered preventable [5].


High venous pressure in leg from walking in erect position can lead the development of defective valves and reflux, and superficial veins may become elongated and tortuous. Women are more prone to varicose vein due to hormonal influences and pregnancy. Besides long standing occupation and female gender, there are other risk factors including age, family history, obesity, and prior deep vein thrombosis. Recently developed health related quality of life has contributed to concern more about varicose vein and develop the treatment modalities of varicose vein. Because of the chronicity of the development of varicose vein, most patients are usually accustomed to high venous pressure of their leg and feel minor or no discomfort. Among the reasons to seek for the treatment of varicose vein, cosmetic purpose is the most common. Most patients prefer non-surgical treatment including sclerotheraphy to surgical intervention. High ligation and stripping of varicose vein has remained as the standard treatment of varicose vein with excellent long term results. Minimal invasive non-surgical treatments including radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser treatment have shown less scars and earlier mobility. Newer treatment modalities have to prove comparable long term results, not merely better cosmetic and short term results. We reviewed about the development of varicose vein and the treatment modalities including preventive measures. Correct comprehension of the patient and proper application of the treatment modality are essential for the good result without recurrence after the treatment of varicose vein.


Abstract Background Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) is a common hospital-associated infection (HAI) that can lead to increased costs, morbidity, and mortality. Pulsed Xenon Ultraviolet light (PX-UV) has been shown to reduce bacterial bioburden levels on surfaces. This study aims to assess the effect of the addition of PX-UV to terminal cleaning on the clonal recovery of E. faecium sequence types (STs) using Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) on patient isolates. Methods During 2017 to 2020 a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled, interventional, crossover trial in 2 separate Detroit hospitals (H1 and H2) compared HAI counts after the addition of either PX-UV or a non-UV sham device to terminal cleaning methods. The trial consisted of a total of 16 units randomized to have either the treatment of PX-UV (Group Q) or the sham control device with no UV (Group W) for 12 months. A washout period (Group R) of 6 months followed and the trial concluded with a 12-month crossover of treatments. A total of 60 E. faecium samples were collected, then WGS was performed by the Illumina Nextseq 550 instrument. de novo assembly was preformed using the SPAdes program. Whole Genome Multilocus Sequence Type (wgMLST) analysis was performed by BioNumerics (v7.6) to construct minimum spanning tree (MST). Results A total of 7 STs were obtained across the 2 hospitals (H1 and H2). ST117, ST17, and ST80 all had more than 10 total recovered isolates, ST117 being the most frequent with 24 isolates. Less than 3 isolates were recovered for all other STs. For all STs, Group Q (PX-UV) had 14, Group R (washout period) had 22, and Group W (non-UV sham) had 24. ST18 was only found in Group Q. ST412, ST584, and ST736 were not found in Group W. The data shows that the intervention PX-UV group had a reduction of clonal recovery by 10 STs as compared to the sham UV group. Table 1: Total number of each sequence type (ST) in H1 and H2 Conclusion The overall reductions in the number of isolates in the real UV units was driven by reductions in the ST117 a predominant strain in a hospital environment reported previously in Detroit and ST80. There were negligible differences in recovery of other ST between the groups. The reduction in clonal recovery of E. faecium isolates in Group Q as compared to Group R might be related to use of PX-UV following terminal room cleaning. Disclosures Piyali Chatterjee, PhD, AHRQ Grant # 1R03HS027667-01: Grant/Research Support|AHRQ Grant # 1R03HS027667-01: Central Texas Veterans Health Care System Keith S. Kaye, MD, MPH, Allecra: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline plc.: Receiving symposia honoraria|GlaxoSmithKline plc.: GlaxoSmithKline plc.-sponsored study 212502|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|qpex: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Spero: Advisor/Consultant Chetan Jinadatha, MD, MPH, AHRQ R01 Grant-5R01HS025598: Grant/Research Support|EOS Surfaces: Copper Coupons and materials for testing.


This paper addresses built up change detection using texture features derived from SPOT Panchromatic imagery and principal component analysis (PCA). SPOT imagery combines the adequate ground sampling distance (GSD) and large area coverage that extends beyond cities to include the peri-urban areas where urban sprawl (built-up change) typically occurs. This study uses SPOT 1 and SPOT 5 panchromatic data over Casablanca. The texture based "Built up area presence index" is used to provide a likelihood of built up area. The changes in texture in t0 and t1 are then quantified using PCA. The procedure is simple to implement and requires minimum manual intervention. The analysis shows that the method is reliable for rapid assessments built up changes but that these detected changes need to be visually inspected if operational products have to be derived. The technique performs adequately when changes occur over large areas. The Casablanca study results are encouraging despite the coarse GSD of SPOT 1 and the different illumination and viewing angle. The procedure should be tested over cities in different geographical regions. Finer resolution input data and data with similar acquisition and illumination angle are likely to yield better the results.


The confined fluid flow in a gap between an inner rotating cylinder and an outer stationary cylinder wasexperimentally investigated by using digital particle image velocimetry. Based on the analysis of velocity fields by DPIV, we observed the flow change of the transition zone from circular Couette flow (CCF) to Taylor vortex flow (TVF). The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique was applied to detect the onset of transition process and dominant flow structure in the transition zone. The quantitative characteristics of transition zone were proposed by processing the oscillation characteristics of vortices.


This article describes a study conducted in 19 different night-clubs from four geographically different areas to obtain typical noise levels to which bar staff employees and other workers were likely to be exposed. The study involved the taking of continuous noise measurements from a fixed position in the bar areas of all 19 clubs and the monitoring of 20 bar staff employees at 16 of the night-clubs using personal noise dosimeters. Management and employees at the night-clubs were interviewed with regard to awareness about the risk of damage to hearing from noise and whether or not any action had been taken to assess the risk. The results showed that the daily personal noise exposure received by many of the bar staff exceeded the UK legal requirements. The bar area workstation noise levels indicated that action needed to be carried out by the employer to reduce the bar staff noise exposure. Most employers had taken no action to protect employees hearing at these establishments. Also most employees were ign...


Hughes, L.E. 2009. Parelasmopus poorei a New Species of Maeridae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Southern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 77–80. This paper describes the maerid amphipod Parelasmopus poorei sp. nov. from southern Australia. This is the sixth species in the genus Parelasmopus recorded in Australia and the twelfth for the world.


The chemical constituants of the essential oil from aerial parts of Marrubium vulgare, collected in Algeria, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil yield of the dried plant aerial parts, obtained by hydrodistillation, was 0.04% (w/w). 50 compounds, accounting for 82.46% of the oil, were identified. The major constituants were: 4,8,12,16-Tetramethyl heptadecan-4-olid (16.97%), Germacrene D-4-ol (9.61%), α-pinéne (9.37%) Phytol (4.87%), Dehydro-sabina ketone (4.12 %), Piperitone (3.27%), δ – Cadinene (3.13%), 1-Octen-3-ol (2.35%) and Benzaldehyde (2.31%).


Phenol laden waste streams are not considered suitable for conventional biological treatment if phenol is present in amounts higher than 70 mg/L. Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is one of the potential methods for treating waste streams containing such compounds. The present work investigated the degradation of synthetic wastewater contaminated with phenol (1 g/L) using a CWAO process in the presence of homogenous (CuSO 4 ) and heterogeneous (LaCoO 3 , CuX and CuO-ZnO/CeO 2 ) catalysts. The reaction was conducted at low temperature (90°C) and atmospheric pressure, and at moderate operating conditions (T ≥ 160°C and total pressure ≤0.8 MPa). Among all the tested catalysts, CuSO 4 , LaCoO 3 and CuX were used for WAO reactions performed at atmospheric pressure conditions, whereas the performance of CuO-ZnO/CeO 2 catalyst was tested in above atmospheric pressure studies. At atmospheric conditions, homogeneous CuSO 4 was found to be the best showing ca. 90% phenol degradation and ca. 83% chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction after a 24 h reaction period. The above atmospheric studies with catalyst showed ca. 82% phenol reduction and 54% COD removal within 3 h reaction time. The effect of pH, catalyst concentration, pressure and temperature are also reported. Finally, the major results are summarized and the recommendations for future work are given.


The aspects of photogrammetric images segmentation based on multifractal analysis are studied in this paper in order to extract the edges of the developed object optimally. The aim of the study is to research the way of fractal analysis based on Holder exponent of photogrametric images fixed in a number of spectrum ranges by iconic means of remote sensing.


temperature under buffered condition. However, activity was maintained more than 80% with 10% to 50% (w/w) lactose after incubation at 55°C without buffer. In a single-batch reaction, GOS yield was 41.0% with free cells and 40.4% with IM-SS. We attempted a repeated-batch reaction using IM-SS with 600 g L  1 lactose. IM-SS produced GOS stably for 20 batches (22 h/batch, 440 h in total) at 55°C and pH 5.0 or 6.0. IM-SS produced GOS at 242 g L  1 , at a rate of 8.72 g L  1 h  1 . Both GOS yield and production rate were higher than those in published experiments on GOS production using immobilized biocatalysts. The repeated-batch reaction with IM-SS would be an ideal system for GOS production because of its


An attempt is made to know if Co substituted for Ti4+ in BaTiO3 may be stabilized in a monovalent state. Energy level schemes for cubic and tetragonal Co1+ centers are provided through the Xα molecular method. A critical examination of these results is presented, together with the effects of the spin configuration, the variation of the oxygen octahedron size and the presence of an oxygen vacancy. It is suggested that Co1+ may exist only at low symmetry sites.


In total, 14 yeast strains originating from patients with dermatomycoses, and 7 control strains (isolates from strain collections and collaborative ring trials) were investigated regarding their in vitro susceptibility to the polyene antifungal agent nystatin. Testing was performed using a broth microdilution assay based on the standardized method of susceptibility testing of yeasts per EUCAST (The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for nystatin were measured. The reading of the MIC values was performed by both visual examination, and spectrophotometric measuring after 24 and 48 hours' incubation time at 36°C. The visual read-out of growth inhibition revealed MICs for nystatin in a range from 3.7 to 7.4 IU/mL (0.625 to 1.25 μg/mL) for all Candida species tested. One of the Candida (C.) albicans strains, and both strains of C. glabrata and C. tropicalis, showed low MIC values of 3.7 IU/mL (0.625 μg/mL). Geotrichum candidum and Trichosporon mucoides were also inhibited by nystatin. The control strains (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. tropicalis) confirmed the values which were found for the wild strains. The spectrophotometric measuring of the turbidimetry revealed slightly lower MIC values for Candida species. Spectrophotometric measurment of Geotrichum candidum and Trichosporon mucoides was unsuccessful or not possible; however, visual reading of the results was carried out effectively. Nystatin showed very good in vitro activity against these non-Candida yeast species. In conclusion, very good in vitro activity of nystatin against all tested yeast strains could be detected. The in vitro efficacy was independent of the origin of the strains, as both the wild strains isolated from patients in this study, and the control strains originating from strain collections, were inhibited. Correspondence to: Dr. Pietro Nenoff, Dermatology, Laboratory Medicine, Allergy & Andrology Specialist; Main Focus: Tropical and Travel Dermatology (DDA), Mölbiser Hauptstraße 8, 04571 Rötha/OT Mölbis, Germany; Tel: +4934347-50 323; Fax +49-34347-50 123; E-mail: email@example.com Received: October 31, 2016; Accepted: November 17, 2016; Published: November 22, 2016 Introduction The common use of azole antifungal agents, in particular oral fluconazole, but also topical azoles, for the treatment of cutaneous and oral candidiasis, and possibly due to the use of azole fungicides in agricultural crop protection, has led to the emergence of azole and echinocandine resistance of clinical isolates of Candida (C.) albicans and other Candida species [1]. An alternative therapeutic approach is the use of topical polyene antifungals such as amphotericin B or nystatin. Only limited current data exists regarding Candida species which are resistant to polyene antifungals. Recently, a total of 201 clinical C. albicans isolates from Turkey investigated by Etest were found to be susceptible to amphotericin B [2]. A similar situation can be found for nystatin. However, in vitro susceptibility testing studies have shown a low percentage of Candida species isolated from HIV positive patients to be resistant to nystatin [3]. In this study, a total of 14 currently isolated yeast strains from dermatomycosis patients, and seven reference strains (controls), including isolates from the DSMZ strain collection (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany) and inter-laboratory ring tests of INSTAND e.V. (the German Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Düsseldorf, Germany), were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to the polyene antifungal agent nystatin. A broth microdilution assay which corresponded to the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), and allowed for determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nystatin, was used for this purpose. Materials and methods


The utility model discloses a gingiva protector for tooth preparation. The gingiva protector for tooth preparation comprises a main rod, an S-shaped auxiliary retractor, a subsidiary rod and a gingiva arrangement device, wherein the S-shaped auxiliary retractor is arranged in front of the main rod, the subsidiary rod is arranged at the front end of the main rod, and the gingiva arrangement device is arranged at the front end of the subsidiary rod and is apparently in a segment shape. During tooth preparation clinically, if gingivae are not pushed and pressed by the gingiva arrangement device when subgingival shoulder parts are prepared, sulcular epitheliums of the gingivae can be possibly damaged by a bur. If users can use the gingiva protector for tooth preparation during tooth preparation, the free gingivae can always keep to be pushed away, so that gingival tissues are well protected. The gingiva protector for tooth preparation integrates functions of arranging the gingivae and pulling mouth corners with a mouth mirror, and accordingly operation of clinicians is facilitated, damage to the gingivae during tooth preparation is greatly reduced, and the gingiva protector for tooth preparation can be popularized and applied.


In conventional position sensorless permanent magnet (PM) machine drives, the rotor position is obtained from the phase-locked loop (PLL) with the regulation of spatial signal in estimated back electromotive force (EMF) voltages. Due to the sinusoidal distribution of back-EMF voltages, a small-signal approximation is assumed in the PLL in order to estimate the position. That is, the estimated position is almost equal to the actual position per sample instant. However, at high speed when the ratio of sampling frequency, f sample , over the rotor operating frequency, f e , is low, this approximation might not be valid during the speed and load transient. To overcome this limitation, a position estimation is proposed specifically for the high-speed operation of a PM machine drive. A discrete-time EMF voltage estimator is developed to obtain the machine spatial signal. In addition, an arctangent calculation is cascaded to the PLL in order to remove this small-signal approximation for better sensorless drive performance. By using the discrete-time EMF estimation and modified PLL, the drive is able to maintain the speed closed-loop at 36 krpm with only 4.2 sampling points per electrical cycle on a PM machine, according to experimental results.


Bone marrow transplantation offers a chance for cure to patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and severe aplastic anemia (1-3). However, long-term survival may be impaired by the development of secondary neoplasms (4). Secondary malignant diseases are known complications of the radiation and chemotherapy used to treat primary cancers (5-7). An increased risk for malignant neoplasms has also been reported in patients who receive organ transplants (8, 9) and those treated with immunosuppression for aplastic anemia (10). Patients who receive marrow transplants are at increased risk for malignant neoplasms because of several risk factors: ionizing radiation and chemotherapy used for pretransplantation conditioning and treatment of the primary malignant disease, immune deficiency due to delayed and incomplete recovery of the immune system, immune stimulation and immunosuppression by the graft-versus-host reaction, and immunosuppressive therapy for graft-versus-host disease. Most reports on malignant neoplasm after marrow transplantation have included patients early after transplantation and have had short follow-up (1, 4, 11-15). A recent multicenter study of more than 19 000 patients (16) included patients early after transplantation and evaluated solid cancers only. The aim of this study was to assess the risk for malignant neoplasm in long-term survivors of marrow transplantation and to identify risk factors for new malignant disease. Methods Marrow transplantation programs were started in Europe in the early 1970s in several university hospitals. The indication for marrow transplantation changed with time: Before 1976, the main indication was severe aplastic anemia, whereas after 1980, the main indication was leukemia. The European Cooperative Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) was founded in 1977. A central registry of all cooperating centers was instituted at the University of Leiden; this registry includes basic information on disease-related and transplant-related variables, including the form of radiation, radiation dose, dose rate, fractionation, and treatment times. Patients We studied 1036 patients who underwent transplantation in 45 European centers cooperating in the EBMT. We limited our study to patients surviving more than 5 years for two reasons. First, mortality due to transplant-related complications other than malignant neoplasm and recurrence of the original disease are high in the first years after transplantation. These causes of death may interfere in a nonrandom manner with the development of malignant neoplasms. In addition, most major complications other than malignant neoplasm occur within that time, and their influence on the development of new malignant disease can be studied independently. Data Collection The EBMT registry provided basic data on patients who underwent transplantation before 1986 and on the transplantation centers, including age and sex of the patient and his or her donor; diagnosis and status of the disease at the time of transplantation; histocompatibility with the donor in the transplantation categories of monozygotic twin, HLA-identical family member, HLA-mismatched family member, and autologous; conditioning treatment, including radiation, radiation source, radiation field, radiation dose, dose rate, fractionation schedule, number of days with radiation, and the form of chemotherapy; methods of prevention of graft-versus-host disease; and the occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease, graded on a 0 to 4 scale, and chronic graft-versus-host disease, graded on a 0 to 2 scale. Additional information on occurrence of a secondary neoplasm, date of tumor detection, International Classification of Diseases code, histology report on the tumor, recurrence and treatment of the original disease, agents used for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease, the date of last follow-up, clinical performance status at the time of last follow-up, and cause of morbidity or death was requested. The transplantation centers were asked to check the registry data and to provide the additional information. Furthermore, they were asked to report all consecutive patients undergoing transplantation who survived more than 5 years. Copies of the original histology reports were provided for 62% of all tumors. Radiation as preparative treatment was classified as single-dose or fractionated total-body radiation and partial-body radiation, including total lymphoid and thoracoabdominal radiation. The radiation source, dose, acute dose rate, number of fractions, number of days with radiation, and dose to the lungs were scored as radiation variables. Statistical Analysis Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to estimate the risk for malignant neoplasm with time after transplantation (8, 17). The date of onset of a pathologically confirmed malignant neoplasm was the date on which the clinical diagnosis was first suspected. The risk for neoplasms in the observation group was compared with that in the general population; patients were matched for age and sex. Data were provided by the Danish Cancer Registry and the Cancer Registry of the Saarland/Germany (18) on the annual incidence of malignant cancer at all body sites, including the skin. These registries are representative of the European population. The expected number of cases (E) in the cohort was calculated by using age, sex, and length of follow-up, and the incidence rates were compared with the incidence in the transplant cohort (O). Significance was assessed under the null hypothesis that O is equal to E in a Poisson distribution. A standardized ratio (O/E) was also calculated. Analysis of potential risk factors was performed with the time to diagnosis of malignant neoplasm in a log-rank test for univariate analysis. Multivariate regression analysis was performed with the Cox model for proportional hazards. Analyses were performed by using the NCSS statistical package (Dr. J.L. Hintze, Kaysville, Utah). Results Survival The median duration of observation was 128 months; the longest observation was 265 months (Figure 1). 90 patients died more than 5 years after transplantation. Causes of death were recurrence of the original disease in 44 patients, chronic graft-versus-host disease with or without pulmonary complications in 22 patients, secondary malignant neoplasm in 10 patients, AIDS in 5 patients, pulmonary complications and infections in 3 patients, and accidents in 3 patients. The cause of death was not known for 3 patients. Secondary malignant neoplasms in patients who died were brain tumors in 3 patients; squamous-cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, and anus in 5 patients; and secondary leukemia and neurofibrosarcoma in 1 patient each. The risk for death from all causes ( SE) was 7.9% 0.9% at 10 years and 12% 1.4% at 15 years after transplantation. Figure 1. Cumulative probability of developing a malignant neoplasm as a function of time after bone marrow transplantation. n Tumors New malignant disease was diagnosed in 53 patients. The most frequent tumors were carcinomas of the skin; basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas; tumors of the oral cavity; carcinomas of the uterus, including carcinoma in situ of the cervix; breast cancer; thyroid gland cancer; and brain tumors (Table 1). The actuarial risk for a malignant neoplasm was 3.5% 0.6% at 10 years and 11.5% 2.3% at 15 years (Figure 1). The overall incidence of malignant tumors is about fivefold greater than that in an age- and sex-matched population (Figure 2). This increase was more than 10-fold for cancer of the oral cavity, esophagus, or thyroid gland (Figure 3). Table 1. Malignant Neoplasms in Patients Who Survived 5 Years after Transplantation Figure 2. Cumulative number of malignant neoplasms after bone marrow transplantation as a function of age. Figure 3. Standardized incidence ratios of malignant neoplasms after bone marrow transplantation. circles Risk Factor Analysis The median age of donors and patients was 21 years (range, 1 to 51.9 years). Older age of the recipient at the time of transplantation was a risk factor for malignant neoplasm in female patients only (Table 2). Older age of the donor was also a risk factor for neoplasms in the recipient if the donor was female. Neoplasms were detected earlier in these recipients. The increased incidence of malignant neoplasms in recipients of allogeneic transplants compared with recipients of autologous and syngeneic transplants did not reach statistical significance. Only patients with extensive, chronic graft-versus-host disease had a significantly increased risk. Treatment of graft-versus-host disease with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and thalidomide significantly increased the risk for malignant neoplasms (Table 2). Variables with P values less than 0.2 in a log-rank test comparing time until tumor development were entered into a multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional-hazards model. Only patient age remained significant after adjustment for histocompatibility group and development of graft-versus-host disease (Table 3). Treatment of graft-versus-host disease with cyclosporine, thalidomide, or methotrexate was a significant risk factor (Table 3). Table 2. Malignant Neoplasm after Bone Marrow Transplantation: Univariate Analysis Table 3. Malignant Neoplasms after Bone Marrow Transplantation: Multivariate Analysis in Cox Proportional Hazards Model In the subgroup analysis, the effect of age on carcinogenesis was limited to female patients (Table 2), in part because of carcinomas of the breast and the uterus. However, the effect of age in female patients was still significant after malignant disease of the genital organs and breast was excluded from analysis (P=0.04). Neoplasms of the skin are frequent in patients who receive solid organ transplants (8). We also analyzed the risk factors in patients with tumors in organs other than skin. In these patients, chronic graft-versus-h


In this paper, in order to establish a new engineering field based on thecomprehensive knowledge of humanities and science, the food crisis of humanbeings in the near future has been taken into notice and discussed from a pointof materials culturology.As a result, it has been pointed out the food crisisto be one of short term & serious problems.And, to overcome the food crisisin the near future, new concept of artificial photosynthesis system supportingthe food poroblem of human beings has been conceptually presented.And thefeasibility has been fundamentally discussed from points of materials engineeringand materials culturology.The following results has been obtained.1) The photosynthesis mechanism of green plant was discussed from a pointof materials engineering, and five conditions necessary to realize the photosynthesisare fandamentally elucidated.2) The five conditions of 1) were shown to be satisfied by intoroducing the concept or Φ/1-Φtype of pn-conjunction particle.3) The optimum combination of photosynthesis catalysis was pointed to beAIN, SrTiO3, Sr0.75 Ag0.25 TiO3, GaSe, GaTe, SnS.And each photosynthesis catalysiswas quantitavely designed into Φ/1-Φtype of pn-conjunction particle.4) New two concepts of photosynthesis ceramics element and photosynthesissystem, necessary to photosynthesize glucide from CO2, H2O and the sunlight, were presented.5) The area of the leaflike plane of photosynthesis system, necessary tosynthesize the per capita daily consumption of glucide 250g, was pointed out tobe 1.2m2.


A roller drive-type compound wheel alignment tester for simultaneous measurement of toe-in and camber angles of vehicle wheels having detection rollers adapted to rotate in contact with sides of the wheels, said tester comprising a pair of wheel alignment units each of which includes toe-in detection rollers and camber detection rollers supported on a cross-shaped support member with the projection of the axes of said toe-in detection rollers intersecting the projection of the axes of said camber detection rollers and with said projections of the axes of the toe-in and camber detection rollers intersecting the axis of one vehicle wheel, a horizontally movable frame supporting said detection roller support member for movement toward and away from said vehicle wheel together therewith so as to bring said detection rollers into contact with said wheel and separate the rollers from the wheel, means for indicating inclination of said roller support member with respect to said horizontally movable frame, and means for indicating horizontal rotation angle of said roller support member with respect to the horizontally movable frame.


Sedition Act 1948 was adopted by the British rulers from existing 19th Century legislation from colonial India into the then Malaya before independence. Its purpose was to combat threats from Communists insurgency.1 The Sedition Act originated as an Enactment (Enactment 13/1939), then as an Ordinance (Ordinance 14/1948) and later amended and passed as the Sedition Act (Act 15/1970), which was enforced on 14th April 1970.2 The act since then has gone through two major amendments. The first amendment introduced provisions relating to the protection of Bumiputera's special position under the Federal Constitution, the monarchy and the preeminent position of the national language. The second amendment both restricted and expanded the seditious definition by removing seditious acts against the government and judiciary while adding seditious act relating to religion and talks of secession.


The concept of a presentation of a theory is often introduced in discussions of the "semantic view" of theories to characterize the way in which models for a theory are specified. Presentations are most often thought of as definitions of the kinds of systems represented in the models. It is argued that the concept of a presentation can be widened to permit consideration of the links between epistemologically motivated accounts of theory structure and some metaphysically motivated accounts of the growth of scientific knowledge. Conceptual maps are discussed as a possible elaboration of presentations which support Hull's metaphysical conception of theories as conceptual historical entities.


We found high crystallographic selectivity in atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) growth of GaAs, in comparison with other epitaxial growth methods. In the temperature dependence of the GaAs growth rate, no GaAs growth on the GaAs (111)A and (110) planes was observed in the high temperature range under the condition of GaAs ALE growth on GaAs (100) plane. Also we discussed the mechanism of GaAs growth selectivity, which was believed to be caused by growth limitation due to As desorption. Due to the self‐limiting effect and the high selectivity of ALE growth, trapezoidal‐shaped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wire structures, with 20 nm thickness and 50 nm width, were successfully realized.


Gastrointestinal protein loss was studied using �1 Cr-albumin in 11 patients having mild hookworm and/or roundworm infection. Of these, 7 had pure hookworm infection and 4 had combined hookworm and roundworm infection. Protein loss was normal in all patients except one in whom it was slightly increased. It is concluded that at the low levels of infectionprevalent in a community mild hookworm and mild roundworm infections at the stage of infection examined do not produce excessive gastrointestinal protein loss. Further studies in areas with heavy roundworm infection are suggested. Am. .1. Clin. Nutr. 27: 1386-1389, 1974.


Objective: Exploring the relationship between the birth order of adolescents and their subjective well-being. Methods: The "Adolescent Subjective Well-being Scale" compiled by Zhang Xinggui was used. 168 junior high school students from 16th Middle School of Xiangtan City and Mashan Middle School of Ningxiang City were surveyed, and the data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, analysis of variance and post hoc test. Results: (1) In the birth order, non-only children accounted for 70.4%, and only children accounted for 29.6%. Among the non-only children, the proportion of the eldest son (female) was 36.2%; the proportion of the middle child (female) was 1%; and the younger son (female) accounted for 33.2%. (2) The overall mean value of subjective well-being was 5.21. There was no significant difference in gender (p >0.05), and the difference was significant at grade (p


CCD spectra obtained with the echelle spectrometer of the 6-meter telescope were used to determine, by the model atmospheres method, the fundamental parameters (Te = 4800 K, logg =0 :7) and detailed chemical abundances for the star K 413, a member of the globular cluster M 12. The resulting value, (Fe=H) = 1:38, is the rst metallicity determination for M 12 using high-resolution spectra. The main characteristic feature of the star's atmospheric chemical abundance pattern is a large oxygen excess, (O=Fe) +2. The s-process elements are probably slightly depleted compared to metallicity: (X=Fe) = 0:04 for yttrium and zirconium, (Ba=Fe) = 0:12 for barium. Abundances of the heavier elements: La, Ce, Nd, and Pr, do not dier, relative to iron, from the solar ones: (heavy=Fe) = 0:0. The europium excess, (Eu=Fe) = +0:48, is typical of members of low-metallicity globular clusters. The spectrum of K 413 shows, for the H line, an variable absorption and emission prole. From its high luminosity and chemical abundance anomalies, we can suppose that K 413 is in an evolutionary stage after the AGB. In the spectrum, we nd absorption details that can be identied with diuse interstellar bands displaced by 16 km s 1 to longer wavelengths relative to the star's velocity.


Particularly useful is the chapter on 'Lighting, contrast and colour', which underlines the point that the basis of work with the visually disabled has changed from sight substitution to enabling a visually impaired person to overcome sight disability. There is less reliance on expensive 'aids' as a wider range of proven techniques have become available. Visual Disability in the Elderly reveals facets of that change, shows how they should be applied by anyone who comes into contact with a visually disabled person and presents the arguments for an advance in official thinking.


A 19-year-old girl with a history of pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) presented in respiratory failure after blood transfusion for severe menorrhagia. The patient had been raised previously in a rural mountain community that did not engage in medical care. She had been experiencing cyanosis and syncope for 2 years before emancipating herself from her family. One year before this admission, she was seen by a physician for the first time and underwent an echocardiogram, which showed a PDA and right ventricular enlargement. Right heart catheterization demonstrated severe pulmonary arterial hypertension with a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 68 mm Hg and a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 8 mm Hg. Cardiac output was 4 L/min. The patient was started on sildenafil 20 mg 3 times a day and bosentan 125 mg twice a day, and her exercise tolerance improved, with resolution of her syncopal episodes.

In the week before admission, the patient developed progressive menorrhagia and presented to an outside hospital where she required blood transfusions. After transfusion, the patient developed respiratory …


This paper aims to analyse the crypto market in India from the viewpoint of consumers who could potentially trade in these markets and extend the extent of their behaviour to the importance of a regulatory body within the economy. The central idea of this paper is to estimate the importance of a central bank in the minds of people and how it affects their trust on a currency which is unregulated. This forms the first tier of the paper
In order to get insight into the more technical dynamics of cryptocurrencies, the paper then studies cryptocurrency from the point of view of experts who explain the different dimensions of the crypto markets. This forms the second tier of the paper.
The paper aims to analyse from the surveys conducted and the available literature, the nature of the crypto market in India with a more reporting approach than a problem-solving model.
The research is based on primary data collected by means of surveys and structured interviews. These are termed as the two tiers in the paper. Using quantitative statistical analysis to find the common trend of the sample and a descriptive approach for the analysis of the interviews, the paper examines how the two tiers behave single-handedly and their dynamic when they interact.


The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) Instrument is being developed by Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation (BATC) for the GPM program at NASA Goddard. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international effort managed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to improve climate, weather, and hydro-meteorological predictions through more accurate and more frequent precipitation measurements. The GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) will be used to make calibrated, radiometric measurements from space at multiple microwave frequencies and polarizations. GMI will be placed on the GPM Core Spacecraft together with the Dualfrequency Precipitation Radar (DPR). The DPR is two-frequency precipitation measurement radar, which will operate in the Ku-band and Ka-band of the microwave spectrum. The Core Spacecraft will make radiometric and radar measurements of clouds and precipitation and will be the central element ofGPM's space segment. The data products from GPM will provide information concerning global precipitation on a frequent, near-global basis to meteorologists and scientists making weather forecasts and performing research on the global energy and water cycle, precipitation, hydrology, and related disciplines. In addition, radiometric measurements from GMI and radar measurements from the DPR will be used together to develop a retrieval transfer standard for the purpose of calibrating precipitation retrieval algorithms. This calibration standard will establish a reference against which other retrieval algorithms using only microwave radiometers (and without the benefit of the DPR) on other satellites in the GPM constellation will be compared.


Antithyroid drugs, surgical excision, and radioactive iodine are the treatment modalities available to hyperthyroid patients. A choice between the three can be made based on the clinical evaluation of the individual patient and physician and patient preferences. However, there is little published work to guide the treating physicians with regards to choosing the optimal treatment modality in patients presenting with concurrent hyperbilirubinemia and hyperthyroidism. Hyperbilirubinemia could be due to hyperthyroidism per se, drug treatment of hyperthyroidism, conditions associated with autoimmune thyroid disease, and conditions resulting from causes unrelated to hyperthyroidism like viral hepatitis. Here we present a brief overview of hyperbilirubinemia in hyperthyroidism and our initial experience with regards to successful radioactive iodine treatment of hyperthyroidism in four patients with jaundice. The summary of these four cases is depicted in Table 1.


A controlled synthetic scheme of PtRu catalyst for methanol oxidation reaction is reported. PtRu catalyst was obtained by using an electroless plating method with chelate ligands. The well-mixed PtRu catalyst synthesized with chelate ligands (PtRu/C WCL) showed higher methanol oxidation reaction activity and stability relative to those of PtRu catalyst synthesized without chelate ligands (PtRu/C WOCL).


To clarify the similarities and differences of properties of uplift and compression piles,the mobilizations of skin friction and tip resistance were analyzed based on destructive filed tests on two uplift piles and two compression piles.The destructive field test results showed that under a destructive load,there was a softening relationship between pile tip displacement and load.The average limit skin frictions of the uplift piles were about 0.373 to 0.763 times those of the compression piles,and larger values were found in deep soils.The skin friction degradation along the pile depth was observed.The failure ratio of skin friction was from 0.87 to 0.97 and 0.83 to 0.94 for the uplift and compression piles,respectively.The relative pile-soil displacements for fully mobilizing the skin frictions in different soils were 0.6% to 1.5% and 0.9% to 2.0% of pile diameter for the uplift and compression piles,respectively.


In this short book Professor Armour endeavours to sketch the outlines of a metaphysics in which many of the methods and assumptions of the rationalist tradition (and particularly of Leibniz) are combined with a Kantian ethics and philosophy of experience (epistemology), and with the coherence theory of truth developed by the British idealists. It is only fair to say at once that he has failed in his aim, since the task could not in any event be successfully carried out within the compass that he has allowed himself. The result is a rather disjointed essay in which the fragments are very variable and uneven in quality; some parts of this book will be of value to everyone interested in the topics discussed, others will be useful to the author as notes for future development, still others are of no use to anybody (I suspect) because when developed they will show themselves to be wind-eggs. Armour begins his "Essay in Metaphysics" in just the way that the great majority of contemporary English-speaking philosophers will find most attractive—or at least most plausible—by saying that he intends to show that certain propositions about how the world is constituted must be granted as necessary conditions of our being able to talk sense in it. He then proceeds to give a carefully reasoned refutation of absolute scepticism, and of a kind of absolute positivism or physicalism which he appears to believe is quite widely held among logical empiricists and analytical philosophers, by showing that only a conscious self that is capable of free agency could possibly talk sense about the world. These first two chapters are far more satisfactory than the rest of the book as far as argument is concerned. The third chapter is mainly devoted to a criticism of Ryle's concept of the self. I cannot speak with any authority on this topic but I did not find Armour's attack convincing because I do not believe that he has correctly understood what Ryle's position is. Chapter IV on "Thought and Reality" contains the crux of Armour's position. He claims that we could not talk sense about the world unless it were in some important but subtle sense a rationally coherent and complete whole. This coherence and completeness of the world is obviously important since all intelligent discourse depends on it; but it is also a subtle notion since the completeness cannot be taken to imply (as in Spinoza) the necessary coincidence of real possibility with actuality, or the free self-directed tendency to have experience (which is the minimal conception of the self that Armour regards as an


Rice bean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi] is one of the underutilized warm season annual vine legume with diploid chromosome number (2n=2x=22) which belong to subgenus Ceratotropus in the genus Vigna is widely cultivated in India, China, Korea, Japan, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Java, Fiji, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal. In India its distribution is mainly confined to tribal region of the NorthEastern hills, Western and Eastern Ghats in peninsular region and the Western peninsular tract particularly-temperate hilly region in Himachal Pradesh. It is important crop of Mid-Himalayan region and has emerged as a good alternative to other pulse crops such as black gram and green gram which do not flourish in this region due to their susceptibility to cold temperate stress and high rainfall. It is a potentially valuable but underutilized multipurpose grain legume, which gives satisfactory grain yield even in marginal lands and adverse growing conditions. It is an important food legume in niche environments and has a pivotal role as a pulse in supporting the food security of the rural poor people.


With a global leadership and sustainability perspective, this case uses SNCF, a state-owned railway and public service company based in France, to set the stage for an analysis of change management in a large company. It also allows for an exploration of sustainable development within the context of a large company. Written from the field, it depicts the firm's overall strategy to adopt sustainable practices and provides an opportunity to introduce basic leadership, strategy, sustainability, and operational terms that can be explored in subsequent classes. The case opens with a summary of urgent issues that include pressure to present the accounting department with financial metrics to evaluate the sustainable procurement efforts, a public scandal around a supplier that employed undocumented workers, and an influential employee who resists new policies. In a big-picture view, Olivier Menuet, VP for sustainable development, and his boss, Pierre Pelouzet, CPO, want more visibility around sustainable development not only within the procurement function but throughout the organization. How might changes already made at SNCF be driven deeper into the company? Excerpt UVA-OB-1029 Rev. Apr. 4, 2014 SUSTAINABLE PROCUREMENT AT SNCF: AN IMPRESSIONIST'S APPROACH TO TRANSFORMATION With varying levels of support, Olivier Menuet, directeur délégué achats durables et solidaires (vice president for sustainable procurement), and his boss, Pierre Pelouzet, directeur des achats (chief procurement officer, or CPO), were pushing a new strategic direction for France's national railway, Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français (SNCF), and its procurement practices. They wanted to implement a more aggressive sustainable procurement (SP) process—indeed, they had both been hired to do that. They believed not only that changing the way the railroad purchased would lead to a more efficient supply chain but that it was the right thing to do. Traditionally, railroad initiatives were driven by running trains on time and safely. As a whole, the railway industry considered the very nature of the work to be environmentally friendly; convincing an entire industry otherwise was a hefty ambition. By 2011, Menuet and his boss had achieved great strides in implementing SP, which they believed was instrumental to operational excellence. Some members of the SNCF leadership team supported it, some were open to it but not committed, and some had other strategies based on their own agendas. And Pelouzet and Menuet faced another challenge: neither had a railroad background or was from a railway family, what the French called cheminot. . . .


In order to improve the efficiency of north finder,a gyro north finder model for arbitrary twoposition north finding is presented.It can collect the signals in two places which are less different,reduce the rotation time of turntable,and save the whole north finding time to some extent.In order to further improve the north finding accuracy,a wavelet threshold de-noising method is introduced,and a new double- parameter adjustable threshold function is proposed.The function is simple and easy to calculate without segmental values.The north-seeking experiment in arbitrary two-position is conducted on the developed principle prototype.The results show that the north finding accuracy within 160 s is higher than 0.02°,the north-finding time is saved,and the new de-noising threshold function greatly improves the north finding accuracy.


So-called agile development has been widely adopted in the software industry for more than 20 years now. Agile is, in the end, a generic term encompassing methods themselves made of specific practices that, if applied correctly, make the software development flexible, user-oriented and, most importantly, focused on value. To set up an agile development life cycle, some support for the involved team is needed especially if the practitioners are novice 'agilists'. For this purpose, the roles of agile coach or scrum master – played by experts in the application of such methods and practices – appeared. Recently, large language models accessible by AI-based chatbots have become very popular and these could furnish relevant generic knowledge on agile methods, give tailored advice for a development project on the basis of contextual information, or even perform work according to agile practices themselves based on furnished project data. In other words, we could envision that a chatbot like ChatGPT becomes a virtual member of the development team able to inform, coach and execute a share of the development work. Adopting such a tool is nevertheless not trivial. First of all, the true capacity of furnishing valid information, understand contexts and apply techniques correctly should be investigated. Second, it is also unsure how such a digital and virtual team member would be perceived and integrated by its human colleagues. This paper starts with introducing the new context of large language models and analyzing the sentiment expressed in Twitter feeds related to the use of ChatGPT in the context of agile development. Then, it performs a small empirical experiment to assess the performance of ChatGPT when furnished with some tasks that would typically be performed by an agile coach or Scrum master. Then, as an introduction to the second International Workshop on Agile Methods for Information Systems Engineering (Agil-ISE23), it summarizes the papers presented during the event


The utility model relates to an integrally extended and secretly installed junction box for electrical appliances. The utility model is mainly characterized in that a box body is made through integral extension, that the box body is provided with bearing ears, and that the periphery of the box body is provided with knocked-off holes with deeper impressions by being rushed. The utility model, which has the advantages of saving raw materials, enhancing compressive strength and saving installation time, is a new-generation building secretly installed junction box for electrical appliances.


High-level ab initio calculations of the ground and several excited-state adiabatic potential surfaces of the NaFH system are reported. These calculations were performed by multireference configuration interaction on a large grid of geometries which allowed them to be used for constructing an accurate analytic representation of the NaFH potential surfaces. For the ground and first excited states, using a genetic algorithm, an analytic 2×2 matrix fit was obtained corresponding to a diabatic representation. The off-diagonal coupling was obtained by fitting the energy gap between the surfaces in the region of their avoided crossing, and the diagonal elements were then fit to reproduce the ab initio adiabatic energy at 1530 points. The full fit was used to locate the barrier and the van der Waals well on the ground-state potential surface, the exciplex on the first-excited-state potential surface, and the minimum energy path for the ground-state Na+HF→NaF+H reaction. Additional calculations on the van der Waa...


Synopsis Recently, requirements of small size endmills to machine small die & molds or parts are increasing. In this paper, high efficiency machining of high hardness material (JIS SKD61, 50HRC) by small size endmill was investigated. The endmills developed for high hardness material could machine hardened steel more efficiently and showed longer tool life than conventional endmills. The cutter path, which is suitable for milling high hardness material by small size endmills, was investigated. "Trochoidal cutting" and "Z-level cutting with climbing method" by corner radius 6 flute endmill (VC-MDRB) were effective against roughing process of high hardness material, and they could reduce cutting time drastically. 技術資料 Technical Paper


We perform exact diagonalization and time evolution of the Lechner-Hauke-Zoller (LHZ) annealing architecture [Science Advances 1(9), e1500838 (2015)] for ten physical qubits. Thereby, on a training set consisting of $2400$ problem instances, we perform the optimization task of tuning the local fields with the goal to identify a set of fixed optimal annealing protocols, that outperforms linear protocols on a large class of arbitrary LHZ problem instances. We show that average ground state fidelities of $0.9$ can be achieved by applying optimized protocols onto groups of problem instances with similar energy landscapes. Particularly, the set of optimized annealing protocols reduces annealing time required to reach a predefined threshold ground state fidelity by an average of $\sim72\%$, corresponding to a speed-up of factor $\sim3.5$. Moreover, as these protocols are meant to be readily applicable in experimental setups, they can be used as a starting point for problem-specific protocol optimization. In reverse, we discuss how previously optimized protocols can potentially be used to gauge the instantaneous energy landscape of a spin glass problem. Albeit simulations were performed on the LHZ architecture, identification of optimized protocols is not limited to either simulations or local connectivity only.


In this paper, we studied the structure of a sensor consisting of single-mode optical fiber, inserted between two thin steel ribbons. The measuring principle is based on the analysis of the polarization modulation under external load. The sensor, thus conceived, was mechanically and optically tackled. Improvements of the initial device based on the introduction of a second optical fiber in parallel were made to increase the sensitivity of the sensor. The transfer function of the sensor as equation shows the fringes number of polarization at the fiber end versus the applied load to the sensor can be used directly by an user, for opto-geometric characteristics fixed. In other words, the model developed in this work provides a sizing tool allowing to user to get the best compromise metrological to solve a given problem of instrumentation. Keyword s: Fiber optic sensors, Polarization, Elasto-optical coupling, Mechanical modeling


Make it work for patients

Information drives the practice of medicine. Doctors must use it every time they see a patient, perform a procedure, or consult a colleague; hospitals spend 15% of their budget managing it; and doctors and nurses spend a quarter of their time finding, sorting, and using it.1 There is, of course, no shortage of information out there. The real challenge is improving the supply lines that take it in a usable form to the bedside, the surgery, the purchaser, or the teaching session. Doctors are often unaware of important developments that will benefit their patients,2 and most consultations give rise to questions that can be answered but usually are not.3 The rapid developments in computing mean that the world is now entering a new information age. That technology could—if used correctly—transform medicine.

Despite its obvious importance, the …


This paper examines communication in a two-period principal/agent model in which the agent receives a private signal about the second outcome before the first outcome is realized. No communication is compared with communication at three possible dates: before the first outcome (early), at the first outcome/consumption date (normal), and between the initial consumption date and the second outcome (delayed). Delayed communication is shown to have no value if the agent's information is perfect, but can have value if it is imperfect. Early and normal communication can be used to "smooth" compensation across periods and, hence, generally have incremental value over delayed communicationif the agent cannot borrow or save. However, the "smoothing" benefits disappear if he can borrow and save. Early and normal communication are equivalent if the agent has domain-additive exponential preferences and the private signal is uninformative about the first outcome. If the private signal is informative about the first outcome, the incremental value of early compared with normal communication attains its maximum for "medium" informativeness. A unifying example is used throughout.


The increase of energy consumption has produced significant environmental impacts such as climatic change, acid rain, photo chemical smog formation, nonrenewable resource consumption etc. Considering the urgency of saving the world's energy reserve and reduction of environmental impacts, studies on the energy consumption throughout the life cycle of building materials are crucial.In this study, it was aimed to indicate the factors which contribute the energy efficiency in manufacturing processes of building materials. The study included the energy used for raw material extraction, production energy for manufacturing of building materials, transportation energy and construction energy on site. A literature review was made. Energy use and efficiency for each process were evaluated.


The 22q11.2 deletion (del22q11.2) is one of the most common microdeletions. We performed a collaborative, retrospective analysis in France of prenatal diagnoses and outcomes of fetuses carrying the del22q11.2.


So far in this course we have been using statistical methods that are appropriate for cases in which the experimenter is interested in knowing the effects of the particular levels of the independent variables included in the experiment. Such factors are called fixed because the same levels would be used in replications of the experiment, and the models used to analyzed such data are called fixed-effects models. However, in other experimental situations it may not be possible or appropriate to include all levels of a variable in a single experiment, and therefore we may be forced to select a subset, or sample, of the population of levels for inclusion in our experiment. The particular levels of the factor therefore are likely to vary across replications of the experiment. Factors in which levels have been selected randomly are called random factors, and the statistical models used to analyze experiments that use such factors are called random-effects models. If an experiment contains both fixed and random factors, then the data are analyzed with a so-called mixed model. Why do we need a different kind of model to analyze experiments that include random factors? In fixedeffects models, the only source of random variation among scores is error variance. However, experiments that include random factors have multiple sources of variability, or variance components: in addition to error variance, the effects associated with random factors are conceptualized as random variables drawn from a population of effects. As we shall see, these extra sources of variation alter the way we evaluate main effects and interactions. Furthermore, the goal of evaluating random effects differs slightly from the goal of analyzing fixed effects. In the case of fixed-effects models, conclusions reached about significance (or lack thereof) of main effects and interactions are restricted to the particular levels of the factors that were included in the experiment. Random-effects models, on the other hand, enable us to generalize our conclusions to the entire population of levels of the random factor, even ones not included in our experiment.


Romania is scheduled to join the European Union in January 2007. This paper examines Romanian libraries' readiness for integration into the Western European library network from various perspectives: collections, services, library science education, infrastructure, staffing, and professional engagement. Since the demise of the Communist regime in December 1989 Romanian libraries have been striving to overcome the Communist legacy, which consists of poor infrastructure, dated collections, restricted access to information, lack of modern equipment, and inadequate information and communication technologies. During the fifteen-year post-Communist period some progress has been made. However, Romanian libraries and their services, along with Romanian library and information science education, are lagging behind their counterparts in Western Europe. More commitment on behalf of the bodies that oversee libraries and adequate budgets from the funding agencies would lead to improvements on the library scene in Romania and would contribute to the attenuation of the East-West divide, preparing libraries in this country to operate according to Western European standards.


In this paper, we propose the ear detection approach under complex background which has two stages: off-line cascaded classifier training and on-line ear detection. In the stage of off-line training, considering the unique contour, the concave and convex of the ear, we apply the extended haar-like features to construct the space of the weak classifiers using the nearest neighbor norms. And then we choose the Gentle AdaBoost algorithm to train the strong classifiers which form the cascaded multi-layer ear detector. In the stage of on-line detection, we apply two methods to speed up the detection procedure. The first one is to adjust the threshold of the strong classifiers to remain the like-ear sub windows for further processing only using the first two layer classifiers. The second one is to keep the size of the original image while scaling the detection sub-windows to locate the ear part. The ear detection experiments on USTB ear database, CAS-PEAL face database and CMU PIE database show that the proposed method is significantly efficient and robust.


This paper introduces new approaches for combining non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with distributed base station (DBS) deployments. The purpose of the study is to unlock the true potentials of DBS systems in the NOMA context, since all previous works dealing with power minimization in NOMA are performed in the CBS (centralized base station) context. This work targets a minimization of the total transmit power in each cell, under user rate and power multiplexing constraints. Different techniques are designed for the joint allocation of subcarriers, antennas and power, with a particular care given to insuring a moderate complexity. Results show an important gain in the total transmit power obtained by the DBS-NOMA combination, with respect to both DBS-OMA (orthogonal multiple access) and CBS-NOMA deployment scenarios.


Distributed Generation (DG) in the form of renewabl e power generation systems is currently preferred for clean power generation. It has a significant impact on the dist ribu ion systems. This impact may be either positively or negatively depending on the distribution system, distributed generator and load characteristics. In this works, an overview of DG is briefly introduced . The technology of DG is also listed while the technical impacts an d economic impacts are explained. Keywords—Distributed Generation, Technical Impacts,


The intriguing story of the pathogenesis of congenital malformations is slowly. unfolding. This morning you have already heard about the biochemical and cytogenetic disorders which cause foetal disease; great interest has also been shown in the effects of maternal infections following the incrimination of rubella and cytomegalovirus as human teratogens. While it is very likely that there are infections other than rubella and cytomegalovirus involved in the causation of congenital malformations, the role of infection in human teratogenesis is not yet defined, and presents an undeniable challenge as hopefully, in this decade, relevant vaccines and chemo-therapeutic agents will be developed which will play a major part in the elimination of these embryopathies.


A wireless login-based remote control method and an apparatus thereof, which comprises: after obtaining an operation instruction, determining whether a first electronic device is connected to a network; when determining that the first electronic device is connected to the network, detecting second electronic devices that are located in the same network as the first electronic device and meet a preset condition; when detecting the second electronic devices that meet the preset condition, determining at least one second electronic device as a target electronic device; and sending a control instruction to the target electronic device, wherein the control instruction is used for controlling the target electronic device to execute the control instruction. Therefore, the first electronic device and the second electronic devices in the present application establish communication channels for network connections through a local area network. Through the communication channels, mutual control can be implemented between the first electronic device and the second electronic devices. Compared with prior art, the present application can implement mutual control between different unpaired electronic devices instead of being limited to preconfigured paired electronic devices.


The data of reported pregnancies were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and the Hungarian College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was calculated per 1000 live births and per 1000 reported pregnancies including live births legally induced abortions miscarriages and ectopic pregnancies. Ectopic pregnancy-associated maternal mortality was examined in terms of case fatality rate and also in proportion to the total number of pregnancy-associated maternal deaths. From 1931 when national surveillance of pregnancies began in Hungary to 1995 the rate per 1000 reported live births tripled from 3.4 to 11.9. Similarly the rate of ectopic pregnancies per 1000 reported pregnancies increased by 190% from 3.7 to 6.4. In the last decade of the period studied the proportion in the annual number of fetal deaths increased to about 8.0%. Ectopic pregnancy-associated maternal deaths decreased sharply from 123 in 1931 to 4 by 1994-95. In the last decade (1986-95) the average rate was 16/10000 reported ectopic pregnancies. However the case fatality rate of ectopic pregnancy is still the highest compared to any of the other obstetric events including induced and spontaneous abortions and deliveries. In the first decade of the period investigated maternal deaths resulting from ectopic gestation represented 5.9% (402/6819) vs. 8.7% (24/275) of the total maternal mortality rate in the last decade. The increasing incidence of ectopic pregnancy and a substantial proportion of pregnancy-related maternal mortality necessitates the urgent investigation of their etiology and the development of appropriate preventive measures.


TSTO (Two Stage To Orbit) is a candidate for advanced space transportation system, which is required to fly over a wide region from subsonic to hypersonic speed with an orbiter connected with a booster. The hypersonic flow field with aerodynamic interaction around a TSTO model, which consists of a delta wing as a booster and a hemisphere-cylinder as an orbiter, has been investigated. The temperature distribution is measured by the Temperature Sensitive Paint (TSP) method, and the heat flux with thermo-couples. As a result, the flow field has been significantly affected by the clearance between the two bodies. In the case of a small clearance, heat flux on the head of the hemisphere-cylinder becomes about 3.1 times as large as the stagnation heat flux for the hemisphere-cylinder alone. On the other hand, at a large clearance, heat flux on the delta wing becomes about 1.1 times as large as the stagnation heat flux. In addition, a new thermal protection system (TPS) to reduce the aerodynamic heating due to shock/shock interaction and shock/boundary-layer interaction is also investigated in this paper. A triangular prism installed on the delta wing can change the aerodynamic heating, depending on its location. It was found that a small device installed upstream is effective, where the heat flux has been reduced by about 48%.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a bone grafting material coated with adiponectin. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing a modified calcined bone material; step 2, taking 2-3 parts by weight of carboxymethyl chitosan having the molecular weight of 2*10 to 3*10 , and dissolving the carboxymethyl chitosan in an acidic solution to form a carboxymethyl chitosan solution; and mixing the solution with 1 part by weight of the modified calcined bone material to form a mixture; and step 3, carrying out Co60 irradiation sterilization of the mixture of the step 2, then adding human recombinant adiponectin into the mixture, uniformly mixing, molding, carrying out freeze drying, and thus obtaining the bone grafting material coated with adiponectin. The bone grafting material coated with adiponectin and prepared by the method is large in bone strength, easy to degrade and large in biological activity, and besides has a bone induction characteristic.


We demonstrate a novel optical logic gate that is mediated by the Kerr effect of counter-propagating beams in a whispering gallery mode microresonator. The universal gate $\mathrm{A} \ \&\neg \mathrm{B}$ is presented. © 2019 The Author(s)


Not to be outdone by other sections of the country a series of Southern expositions was held, beginning in 1881 when Georgia initiated an era of expositions centered on the reviving prosperity of the South. Southern expositions called attention to the population, the resources, and the products of the South. As an integral part of the South, the Negro played an important role in these expositions. Although there was no separate Negro exhibit at the first Atlanta International Cotton Exposition, it might be called "an exhibition of the potentialities of the future."' Atlanta's success led other Southern states to undertake expositional activities.2 A real world's fair in the South had long been a subject of persistent discussion and tentative effort.3 New Orleans undertook this endeavor and held the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial in 1884, a hundred years after cotton had first been exported from America.4 The Negro, now, had a special section devoted to the work of his people. The management set aside fifty thousand dollars for this purpose, and the Negro department occupied a gallery


The present study aimed at the effect of different quantities of copper oxide nanoparticles on the growth, biochemical characteristics and yield of Lady's finger Abelmoschus esculentus. Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDAX, and FTIR. Pot culture studies on different quantities of copper nanoparticles such as 50, 100, 150,200 and 250mg for treatments T₀ (control) T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄, T₅ respectively on growth, biochemical characteristics and yield of Lady's finger Abelmoschus esculentus were estimated after 45 days. The UV-Visible absorption spectrum of copper oxide nanoparticles was confirmed from the peak between 300 and 600nm.SEM image of CuO nanoparticles was spherical. EDAX spectrum shows three peaks located between 0.30KeV and 9.0 KeV. The FTIR spectrum was analyzed in the range of 4000-500 cmˉ ˡ spectral bands. Growth, biochemical characteristics and yield of Lady's finger, Abelmoschus esculentus were higher in T₃ containing 150 mg of copper oxide nanoparticles.


ABSTRACT: Sixty-two cases of appendicectomy, in the age group of 2-12 years, have been performed by laparoscopic procedure during the last five years in a private set up at Calcutta. It was observed that they were well matched with other series in respect to the stages of appendicitis, operative findings, postoperative convalescence, complications and follow-up. It is also concluded that this laparoscopic procedure for removal of appendix is comparable to conventional methods of removal in certain aspects.


Dephosphorization process by using multi phase flux could significantly decrease the consumption of CaO and prevent environmental harmful fluorite addition. However, the equilibrium phase relationship remains unclear, which is important for understanding the reaction mechanism of solid phase in the multi phase flux. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the phase diagrams for better utilization of multi phase flux on dephosphorization process. In this study, the CaO-SiO2-FeO-P2O5 slag system is chosen since it represents the main slag composition during dephosphorization reaction, and the phase relationship of this slag system has been measured by using chemical equilibration technique. The results show that the condensed solid solution is mainly composed of 2CaO·SiO2 and 3CaO·P2O5, but sometimes contains certain amount of 3CaO·SiO2 or CaO·SiO2 according to the CaO/SiO2 ratio in molten slag. The liquidus equilibrated with P2O5-containing solid solution shrinks to the FeO apex with the oxygen partial pressure of 10 atm comparing with the well-known isothermal phase diagram for the CaO-SiO2-FeO system equilibrated with metallic iron, and it shifts further towards the FeO apex with higher oxygen partial pressure of 10 atm. On the other hand, a stable CaO-FeO phase appears despite of oxygen partial pressures, which has been observed previously when solid CaO reacted with molten slag in previous works. The phosphorus partition ratio between solid solution and liquid slag obtained in this research agrees well with previous works, which is that the phosphorus partition ratio increases linearly with T.Fe content but decreases with CaO content in liquid phase.


AbstractInterpreter-mediated events have become more frequent and more complex in the past few decades. This article attempts to account for the variables that shape such events, treating them both as communicative acts which can be described in terms of what we know about human communication in general, and as instances of intercultural communication which can only be adequately described with reference to culture-specific norms of behaviour. The proposed typology of interpreter-mediated events adopts a prototype rather than a taxonomic approach to the data and attempts to categorize such events in terms of two broad parameters: mode of delivery, including the use or non-use of ancillary equipment, and elements of the communicative situation, namely primary and secondary participants, topic, type of text, spatial and temporal specificities and the nature of the goals pursued by participants. These parameters are particularly important in determining the degree of culture specificity of an event, which ha...


A differential pressure sensor is described. This instrument is capable of resolving pressure changes of about 3.0 kN/m2 in ambient pressures of up to 1.0 GN/m2. The instrument is of the deflecting diaphragm type with the movement being measured by an inductive transducer.


A depsipeptide compound represented by the following general formula (wherein R represents isopropyl group, sec-butyl group or isobutyl group) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.


The aim of the assignment presented, is the study of the Educational Evaluation field, by the comparative approach of the educational systems of Greece - Hungary - Sweden, with regard to the Evaluation of the Primary Education, in relation to the Evaluation of students, educators, educational work and consequently the connection of them to the quality of education.


Zinc oxide-containing borosilicate glass characterized by the following composition (in wt .-% based on oxide): SiO 58-67 B 1-5 Al 0-5 Na 8-17 K 0-12 MgO 3-12 CaO 0-12 ZnO 2-8 TiO 1-5


The authors have configured a control signal to achieve an ideal control performance taking advantage of ZIR (zero input response) and ZSR (zero state response). First, they define both an ideal transient dynamics and control performance on frequency domain. Then, they construct a simulator based on a physical model of a nonlinear plant, and identify not only parameters but also initial states of state variables. Since the dynamics of the nonlinear plant output can be foreseen with information of the internal states of the nonlinear simulator, an ideal control performance is achieved taking advantage of ZIR and ZSR.


The parametric trends in the aeroelastic behavior of an advanced turboprop were experimentally investigated using a subvelocity-scaled testing procedure. A 2-ft-dia subvelocity-scaled model was constructed and its flutter behavior was favorably correlated to that of a full-velocity-scaled UnDucted Fan model for which a flutter point had been documented


The purpose of this essay is two-fold. First, it argues that the inclusion of the Gentiles is referred to as a previously unrevealed mystery because it is based upon the abrogation of the Mosaic law and entails a degree of nearness to the Lord that exceeds the expectations of the old covenant. Second, it addresses the question of authorship. Assuming Pauline authorship as a working hypothesis, it shows that the use of the concept of mystery in Eph 3 is intimately linked with Paul's terminology and thought world attested in the undisputed letters. It is unwarranted, therefore, to find proof of a post-Pauline development in the use of the term "mystery" in Ephesians.


June 21st, 2006, saw the birth, in Paris, of the Quai Branly Museum. This brand new Seine-side institution houses the national collections from Africa, Oceania, the Americas, and part of Asia. Some of the ensembles–treasures, no less–have been in Parisian collections for several centuries. The opening of this museum has, once more, bestirred the issue–the quarrel–of how we, in the West, approach the "primitive arts", so-called. On this subject there has been many a publication, ranging from s...


I argue that the most popular versions of naturalism imply nominalism in philosophy of mathematics. In particular, there is a conflict in Quine's philosophy between naturalism and realism in mathematics. The argument starts from a consequence of naturalism on the nature of human cognitive subjects, physicalism about cognitive subjects, and concludes that this implies a version of nominalism, which I will carefully characterize. The indispensability of classical mathematics for the sciences and semantic/confirmation holism does not affect the argument. The disquotational theory of reference and truth is discussed but rejected. This argument differs from the Benacerrafian arguments against realism, because it does not rely on any specific assumption about the nature of knowledge or reference. It differs from the popular objections to the indispensability argument for realism as well, because it can admit both indispensability and holism. This argument motivates a new, radically naturalistic and nominalistic approach to philosophy of mathematics.


The invention provides an adjustable yarn guiding buncher with a structure composed of left and right yarn guiding sheets and an adjusting screw bolt, wherein the yarn-guiding sheets are L-shaped, the top ends of the vertical portions of the yarn guiding sheets are provided with V-shaped openings, the horizontal portions thereof are provided with horizontal chutes in the middle, the horizontal chutes of the left and right tarn guiding sheets are mutually overlapped, and the adjusting screw bolt with double planes penetrate into the chutes of the overlapped left and right yarn guiding sheets to fix the left and right yarn guiding sheets on a fixed supporting stand. By adopting the adjustable yarn guiding buncher of the invention, the working efficiency of equipment maintenance personnel is greatly enhanced, the work which needs to be finished by many people formerly can be finished by one person immediately, through the replacement of fixed yarn guides by the adjustable yarn guiding buncher, the production is smooth and more swift, and the product yield is enormously increased after the adjustable yarn guiding buncher is installed on a machine.


s: Objective To investigate the relationship between HDL and soluble L-selectin(sL-selectin) to provide a new mechanistic explanation for protective effect of HDL on coronary heart diseases. Methods Serum concentrations of soluble L-selectin and HDL were measured in 30 patients with coronary heart disease and 19 healthy subjects. Blood samples were collected by vene-puncture. Results (1) Serum mean (±SD) levels of soluble L-selectin were increased (P0.05) in patients with heart disease(1.34±0.36 μg/ml) compared with that [(1.05±0.39)μg/ml] in healthy subjects; while the levels of HDL[(0.74±0.33)mmol/L]were lower (P0.05) in patients with heart disease. (2)There are high correlation between HDL and soluble L-selectin. Conclusion HDL has the protective function against coronary heart disease, and HDL may have their protective function by inhibiting the expression of L-selectin.


Equilibrium studies on clay films exposed to N H3 and H20 vapors demonstrate the effect of exchangeable cations on surface acidity and its relationship to hydration. At a relative humidity of 98 per cent the order of acidity on the clay surface as indicated by protonation of N H3 was AI > Mg > Ca = Li > Na = K for Wyoming bentonite and AI > Mg > Li > Ca = Na = K for nontronite. At a relative humidity of 20 per cent, however, the order was A I = Mg > Ca > Li > Na > K for the bentonite and AI = Mg > Li > Ca > Na > K for nontronite. The largest change in proton donation properties due to hydration effects was in the calcium clays. For Ca-bentonite the NH4 + formation was 16 me/100 g at 98 per cent and 80 me/100 g at 20 per cent relative humidity. In Ca-nontronite, the NH4 § formation was 14 and 64 me/100 g for the wet and dry systems respectively. The differences in proton donation between the bentonite and nontronite clays are believed to be due to charge site location and its effects on ion hydration. The NH4 + formed by the protonation process seemed to exist in different environments in the bentonite and nontronite as indicated in the i.r. absorption spectra.


Objective To investigate whether cardiotrophin-1(CT-1) increases expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) in cardiomocytes, and whether CT-1-induced HO-1 protects against hypoxia / reoxygenation(H / R) jnjury. Methods H9C2cardiomyocytes were exposed to H / R injury with or without preincubation with CT-1. The release rate of LDH in cells supernatant was measured. Cleaved caspase3 and HO-1 protein expressions were analyzed by Western blot. HO-1 mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR. HO-1-targeted siRNA was designed and synthesized, and then transfected into H9C2cardiomyocytes via Lifpofectamine2000 mediation. The transfected H9C2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to H / R injury with preincubation with CT-1. Expressions of HO-1 mRNA and protein,release rate of LDH and expression of Cleaved caspase3were analyzed again. Results Compared with hypoxia-reoxygenation group, the release rate of LDH and Cleaved caspase3protein expression in CT-1 pretreatment groups were decreased significantly and the levels of HO-1 mRNA, and HO-1 protein were significantly increased. HO-1 targeted siRNA could down-regulate the HO-1 expression of H9C2 cardiomyocytes.Compared with CT-1 pretreatment groups, the release rate of LDH and cleaved caspase3 protein expression of siRNA interference group were significantly increased. Conclusion The protection role of CT-1 against H / R injury of cardiomyocytes is related to upregulation of HO-1.


Enone-ester 5, derived from (–)-9,10-dibromocamphor 3, is converted to a tricyclic enone 11 that may be of value in an enantiospecific synthesis of the limonoids.


A new occurrence of axinite at the locality Jezuitský rybník near Sirákovice (ENE from Golčův Jeníkov), situated in rocks of the Variegated (Drosendorf) Series (Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif), is a nice example of contaminated pegmatite in a Ca-skarn with intense superimposed hydrothermal overprint. Axinite [axinite-(Fe) to axinite-(Mg)] forms young hydrothermal infill of pocket/fissure in pegmatite cutting a brecciated Ca-skarn. The hydrothermal assemblage includes amphibole II (actinolite to ferro-actinolite), albite, K-feldspar II, chlorite, epidote (locally containing 0.20 - 0.30 apfu REE), muscovite and Al,F-enriched titanite (with up to 2 % SnO2) passing exceptionally to unnamed CaAlFSiO4. Quartz, plagioclase (andesine), K-feldspar I and amphibole I (mostly K-rich or even potassian ferro-pargasite to ferro-tschermakite) originated in magmatic stage associated with intrusion of externally derived pegmatite melt. Sporadic garnet (grossular-rich almandine) represents relics of mineral assemblage of the host skarn. Dominance of Nd among REE in the REE-rich epidote is explained in terms of chemical fractionation of REE, probably caused by the presence of strong REE-complexing ligands (F-, OH- and/or CO32-) in aqueous fluids enriched in MREE/HREE due to alteration of garnet. With regard to the presence of B, Cr and elevated XMg in some hydrothermal phases compared to the older Fe-Mg minerals, we suggest circulation of fluids affecting host rocks as well as additional rock types.


ost countries make sustained economic growth a principal policy objective. While many factors contribute to growth, economists believe that educating workers plays a critical role. Individuals invest in education because of the expected benefits to themselves or their children, such as higher earnings. But such private investment can increase the productivity of others as well. For example, the collaborative effort of many educated workers in a common enterprise may lead to invention and innovation that sustains the growth of the enterprise. Some economists believe there is an important link between national economic growth and the concentration of more highly educated people in cities.1 These economists argue that the knowledge spillovers associated with increased education can actually serve as an engine of growth for local and national economies. They also argue that the concentration of people in cities enhances these spillovers by creating an environment in which ideas flow quickly amid face-to-face contact. has increased dramatically over the years: In 2012, the value of output per hour worked was more than four times the value of output per hour in 1950. This increase in worker productivity is the hallmark of growth. What are the main reasons for the increase in worker productivity? The two key causes are increases in the amount of capital per worker and technological progress. Capital goods are nonfinancial assets such as factories, office buildings, and machinery used to produce goods and services. The capital stock refers to the total amount of physical capital available to an economy at a given point in time. Technological progress can take the form of either product innovation or process innovation. For example, the moving assembly line and interchangeable parts used by Henry Ford in 1913 to produce autos is an example of process innovation. Groupon is a more recent example of process innovation that has changed the way merchants attract customers and how customers find merchants. The Swiffer is an example of product innovation. Unlike traditional dust mops that must be laundered, Swiffer refills are discarded. In an influential paper, the economist Robert Solow computed that 51 percent of U.S. output growth from 1909 to 1949 can be attributed to technological progress, while growth in the capital stock accounted for only 11 percent of the increase in growth. Despite the fact that technological progress is measured as a residual, Solow's work made it abundantly clear that the growth in real income per worker is far too large to be accounted for by growth in the capital stock. In the absence of technological progress, the economy settles into a steady state in which outAs far back as 1890, Sir Alfred Marshall described cities as having ideas "in the air." In Marshall's view, knowledge spillovers are the unintended transmission of knowledge that occurs among individuals and organizations, as opposed to the conscious sharing and exchange of knowledge. For example, as pointed out by AnnaLee Saxenian, although there is intense competition in California's Silicon Valley, a remarkable degree of knowledge spillover occurs. In the first half of the 20th century, American cities contributed to economic efficiency and growth when the U.S. economy was based on the production of goods. Today's cities, despite their well-known drawbacks such as congestion, contribute to the efficient production of knowledge in the new innovation-based economy.


A person spends significant part of his life at work. Therefore, satisfaction at work highly affects overall life of a person. The satisfaction of a person from job and its positive effect on personal life appears positively on physical as well as mental health of a person and shows itself up as happiness in family life and finally can be observed as increased performance in organizations. In this regard, in order to be able to compete with each other and to survive, it is also important for organizations to utilize their sources effectively and efficiently. Therefore, job satisfaction is required for human resource in the organizations to be able to perform better and work efficiently. However, such concerns as daily hassle, intense relationships with other people, job loss, heavy work load and feeling incompetent results in emotional, behavioral and psychological exhaustion of people. Recent studies and researches emphasize the importance of this subject better. This study has been developed to identify the effect of life and job satisfaction on professional burnout of academics employed at Usak University. Respondents of the research are 170 academics employed at Usak University between 2009-2010. Three different scales were used during data collection of the research which are Burnout Inventory, Life Satisfaction and Job Satisfaction and a personal data form created by the researchers was also used. Gathered data were analyzed by SPSS 18. In these analyses, Descriptive Statistical Techniques, Reliability Analysis, Factor Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis and Pearson Correlation Analysis were used


The present article tries to examine the status of multinational enterprises in the globalizing economy and its effect on technology transfer and development, and to study their outlook in shaping economic and political relations between countries. By examining the positive and negative views toward this phenomenon, this article analyzes the transaction costs in multinational enterprises as a distinctive factor than ensures their survival. This analysis allows us to identify when and where contractual alternatives to the multinational firm are likely to be viable, which depends on the nature of technology and the type of specialization (activity) of the enterprise as well as the characteristics of the markets of interest. Transaction cost analysis is done taking into consideration the relationship of the host country and multinational enterprises, and finally the optimal strategy is provided for local companies.


This paper reports on a detailed study of the noise emitted by the new metrocar which will be in operation in Tyne and Wear from 1980. The level and frequency characteristics of wayside, standstill, braking and accelerating noise are discussed. A formula is derived empirically which enables the peak noise level at a given distance from a metrocar travelling at a particular speed in a "free-field" situation to be predicted. On the basis of this result and on an assessment of the present acoustic environments of an industrial and residential area of Newcastle, some suggestions are made as to the changes to be expected in the noise levels when the metro is fully operational. Comparison with other research work has been made whenever possible.(a)


Jill May explains why literary criticism is an important component of children's literature. She explores critical theory for all literature and introduces methods of analysis which are commonly used in scholarly discussions about children's literature. The book includes brief introductions to classroom practices, a glossary of literary terms, and an extensive bibliography for further reading.


With the rapid development of Internet of Things and the popularization of 4G/5G wireless network, traditional cloud computing has been unable to deal with the massive data generated by network edge devices efficiently. Therefore, edge computing arises at the historic moment. The operation of applications, data and services are handled by the central node to the logical edge node of the network in edge computing. Due to the open characteristics of edge computing, such as content awareness, real-time computing and parallel processing, data security and privacy issues that already exist in cloud computing environment become more prominent. This paper studies issues related to data security and privacy protection in edge computing. We propose a model based on integrated trust to evaluate the credibility of edge nodes. Then the effectiveness and reliability of the model are verified by experimental simulation.