work. It investigates a major event of potential error in psychiatrysuicide of a patient-as a means of understanding basic beliefs and organizational features of the psychiatric profession. Based on participant observation and interviews, the evidence is also supported by all previous studies on this subject. In presenting its argument, the paper brings together a body of psychiatric literature on professional response to suicide not previously organized. It is no small irony that mistakes keep company with criteria for excellence. Just as the logic of language dictates that deviance is defined the moment norms are stated, so mistakes complement standards of competence. The less-than-logical behavior of men makes deviations and error constant realities because such behavior rarely fits neatly into definitions of competence. Thus in occupations of high competence such as the professions, we can hypothesize that mistakes and situations of potential error bear a close relationship to the beliefs and organization of work. This important, and neglected, perspective on the professions takes us to their core, their claims for and practice of special competence. In this paper I shall examine how the psychiatric profession organizes its work and beliefs around the most serious event of possible error, suicide.' Other serious events, such as releasing a patient who soon thereafter commits murder, may reflect similar professional features. If expertise and error lie at the heart of the professions, most sociologists write from the periphery. Sociological literature concentrates on gross structure, such as professional associations, licensing, relations to complex organizations and government, and external organization of work as exemplified in the structure of a hospital. Although these features are important for handling disputes over competence and mistakes, that perspective is not given to them (but see Hughes 1958, chaps. 3, 7; Freidson 1970, chap. 7). Instead of being seen as problematic, technical competence is


Using scrubbing tower as an example,aiming at the technical specification the supply condition of normalization plus tempering after cold formation for the clad of stainless steel and the nickel alloy cladding steel plate was seriously required,while the anti corrosion would be destructed at σ exudation temperature(600~900 ℃) and sensitive temperature(300~840 ℃).The analysis on such clad plate supply condition,forming,welding and heat treatment was made to set up an ideal forming and heat treatment processing and the base material was insured to use normalization plus temper heat treatment and the clad solution treatment.The performances of the product conform to design requirement.


This article focuses on the economic impact of AIDS‐related news on exchange rates in South Africa. South Africa's HIV/AIDS infection rates are so high that AIDS is now a macroeconomic problem, not just a public health problem. News about the spread of the disease can therefore have significant effects on financial markets. We collect daily data on the number of news stories about AIDS that appear in the Cape Times from 1998 to 2002 and examine the impact of these news stories on fluctuations in the South African rand‐U.S. dollar exchange rate. We find that negative news stories about AIDS have a significant negative effect on the value of the rand but that positive news stories have little or no effect. The findings of the article provide concrete evidence of a channel through which the AIDS pandemic continues to adversely affect macroeconomic conditions in sub‐Saharan African countries.


The market for Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) systems and the number of PVT module suppliers is growing. This report presents a market survey of PVT modules and a classification of PVT heat pump systems. Furthermore, a list of barriers and opportunities will be presented as perceived by a wide range of stakeholders in the Netherlands. In the built environment, the main energy use consists of electricity and heat. Regular PV systems convert approximately 15-20 % of the incoming radiation to electricity, while ca. 75% is converted into waste heat. In hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) systems, a part of this energy is transferred to a liquid or air, and harvested as (useful) heat. In this way, multi-functional PVT roofs can play an important role in the supply of local renewable energy, both in the form of electricity and heat. A promising option to reach near zero energy residential buildings is the combination of PVT collectors with a heat pump. In our market investigation we found 54 different PVT module types that are currently being sold. 11 of these originate from the Netherlands. The largest share of these, roughly three out of four, are uncovered flat plate PVT collectors. The other types of PVT collectors in the market survey are covered PVT collectors, PVT collectors with vacuum tubes and PVT-air collectors. Uncovered PVT collectors supply lower temperature heat in comparison with traditional covered solar thermal collectors. Therefore, systems with uncovered PVT collectors are often used in combination with heat pumps or for pool heating. Opportunities and barriers were identified by interviews with 28 stakeholders in combination with a literature review. The stakeholders ranged from PVT, PV, solar thermal and heat pump producers to government parties, experts, installers and project developers. The main opportunities that were identified are a higher combined thermal and electrical yield per square meter. Furthermore, a combination with heat pumps and the possibility to achieve a (near) zero energy building with these technologies was seen as an opportunity. Also the more unified appearance offers opportunities to reach a better aesthetic roof. Several barriers were identified. The largest is the complexity of the system design, the optimization of the system and installation. Furthermore, the high upfront costs and the lack of standardization were mentioned as barriers.


Herein we present the fabrication of hydrophobic and oleophilic poly(methyl methacrylate)-based nanocomposite fibrous mats with magnetic properties, and their utilization for oil removal from stable water–oil emulsions. The incorporation of ferromagnetic iron nanoparticles into the polymeric fibers increases the selectivity and oil removal performance of the fibers, as well as introduces magnetic actuation properties to the material. In all the water–oil emulsions used in this work ranging from 5 to 30 v%, the functional mats can obtain oil absorption efficiencies up to 90%. The oil removal efficiency can reach nearly 100% with just two successive absorption cycles. The high performance achieved makes the presented material a promising candidate for efficient water–oil emulsions separation.


This paper examines the emergence of temporal coordination among multiple interdependent routines in a complex work setting that does not allow for up-front scheduling. We propose that when actors continuously have to prioritize their expected contributions to multiple interdependent routines, they address this challenge by orienting not just toward routines but also toward person-roles. Drawing on an ethnographic study of an agile consulting project team confronted with continued scheduling failures, we demonstrate how the dynamics of prioritizing enabled the actors to resolve what at first appeared to be an irresolvable and highly complex problem of temporal coordination. We add to the literature on routine dynamics and temporality by setting forth the dynamics of prioritizing as an explanation for the temporal patterning of complex work settings. We introduce the notion of role–routine ecologies as a novel way to conceptualize such complex work settings and contribute to developing a performative theory of person-roles and their significance for coordinating.


The chronological review of the southeast necropolis from Baelo Claudia (Bolonia-Tarifa, Cadiz) and the Can Fanals cemetery in Pollentia (Alcudia, Majorca), has expanded the understanding of economic fluctuations in Roman Spain during the first and second centuries AD, and of social changes associated with them. A further confirmation of the impact of Tiberius' crisis has been obtained from the mortuary record of Baelo Claudia and Pollentia, previously detected in Emporiae (Ampurias, Gerona). The prosperity of Claudius' reign is more apparent in Baelo Claudia than in Emporiae. Coincidence in economic evolution breaks throughout the second half of the first century AD, in particular during the period between Nero and the early Flavians. Then, compared with a decadent Ampurias, a thriving Pollentia follows in the footsteps of an opulent Baelo showing its greatest prosperity. However, these three cities of Roman Spain maintained a common bond based on the display of maximum social complexity during that period. There is always a direct proportion between the economic accumulation amortized in grave goods and the differentiation between individuals, except for two cases. One, already known, refers to the Ampurias of the second half of the first century AD, where the impoverishment that characterizes this period is associated with a increase of social distance. The other is the strange phenomenon documented in Pollentia during the second century AD. Here, funerary expenditure continues growing but social differentiation falls along the first half until abruptly descending in the second half of this century. At this point, the most important thing is to have detected the same trend of social differentiation in Emporiae, Baelo Claudia and Pollentia from the time of Tiberius to the first half of the second century AD, at least. As for the monetary economy, singular events have been isolated, such as the revaluation of the second half of the first century AD in Pollentia, before documented in Emporiae, or the devaluation of Commodus' reign evidenced in Pollentia during the second half of the second century AD.


One form of corruption most widely disclosed at this time is corruption in the form ofgratification. Gratuity is a gift, reward or gift by a person who had received services or benefits orby persons who have or are dealing with a public or government agencies in the example to get acontract. The purpose of this thesis to determine criminal acts setting gratification as one ofcorruption in accordance with the value of living in Indonesia and to find out about the role of lawideal in setting gratification in Indonesia. This research is a normative legal research because it isdone by examining the library materials or secondary data on the crime of judicial reviewremuneration pursuant to Act No. 31 of 1999 Jo Act No. 20 of 2001. Source of data used primarylegal materials, secondary and tertiary. From the results of this study concluded, setting the crimeof graft as one of corruption in accordance with the value of life in Indonesia, that gratification isessentially not a crime. Because gratuities not be separated from the habits of society that havebeen entrenched. If a civil servant or state officials to immediately report the receipt of gratuities tothe Corruption Eradication Commission no later than 30 (thirty) days from the date of receipt ofgratuities, the criminal becomes clear. The ideal role of law in regulating graft in Indonesia, thatgratuities are expressed as corruption since the setting in the Act Eradication of Corruption ActNumber. 20 in 2001, however, must be based on the will of the people, the appropriate legalconsciousness of the people but it can be accepted by the community with full awareness. Keywords: Crime Receiving Gratuities


We examine the valuation of projects in a setting where an investor, such as a private firm, can invest in a portfolio of projects as well as in securities in financial markets. In project valuation, it is important to consider all alternative investments opportunities, such as other projects and financial instruments, because each imposes an opportunity cost on the project under consideration. Therefore, conventional methods based on decision analysis may lead to biased estimates of project values, because they typically consider projects in isolation from other investment opportunities. On the other hand, options pricing analysis, which does consider financial investment opportunities, assumes that a project's cash flows can be replicated using financial assets, which may be difficult in practice. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a procedure for project valuation in a setting where the firm can invest in a portfolio of projects and securities, but where exact replication of project cash flows is not necessarily possible. We consider both single-period and multi-period models, and show that the valuation procedure exhibits several important analytical properties. We also investigate the pricing behavior of mean-variance investors through a set of numerical experiments.


The Constitution of 1988 has determined that health is a right for all and a government obligation. Faced with the inability of the Executive Branch to ensure this right, the Judiciary Branch has compelled the government to pay for the drugs that are being applied for individually. The problem refers to the limits of the judicial stipulations. Individual concessions also jeopardize collective service, disrupt public accounts and displace resources previously planned. Starting from a deductive method, the study aims to emphasize the scarcity of public resources leads to the idea that the establishment of the individual right to health has economic costs that results in consequences for the public. The conclusion is that the decision of the court, in these cases, should not dispense with the economic fundamentals and consequences of economic analysis.


A bounded-noise model for the nondispersive optical fiber channel is introduced. The new model is based on the so-called split-step model and is meant to facilitate understanding of capacity limitations caused by nonlinear signal-noise interactions in optical fiber. Some characteristics of the noise balls pertaining to this new model are discussed and, accordingly, upper and lower bounds on the zero-error capacity of this channel are found.


At our last meeting I strongly suggested that you learn some of the other things your micro workstation could do. To undertake those tasks, you need software, and we all know the high price tag of our newest form of enhanced library productivity.


A new technique, named as temporally enhanced erasure codes (TEEC), is developed as an enhancement to the existing forward error correction (FEC) technique. In TEEC the scopes of encoding/decoding are expanded beyond block boundaries, and they may overlap with scopes of neighboring blocks. To show its advantages, a real-time protocol was implemented using the TEEC technique. In terms of bandwidth requirements and end-to-end delays for packet delivery, it is shown that the protocol employing TEEC outperforms block-by-block-based protocols.


We have introduced the ZASMIN (Zeroday-Attack Signature Management Infrastructure) system, which is developed for novel network attack detection. This system provides early warning at the moment the attacks start to spread on the network and to block the spread of the cyber attacks by automatically generating a signature that could be used by the network security appliance such as IPS. This system have adopted various of new technologies -- suspicious traffic monitoring, attack validation, polymorphic worm recognition, signature generation -- for unknown network attack detection. Because its hardware-based accelerator is also capable to deal with giga-bit speed traffic, it can be applicable to Internet backbone or the bottle-neck point of high-speed enterprise network without any loss of traffic. In this paper, after we setup the ZASMIN to real testbed, we have analyzed the results of the ZASMIN about detection of unknown attack.


SUMMARY This essay exemplifies how individual and society are formed and transformed by one another. Special attention is drawn to the social significance of the theories of narcissism and double bind. Three questions emerge: a) Which type of mental illnes is the most likely outcome of the planning ideology of welfare capitalism? b) Is the emergence of prophylactic social work a cure or a symptom? c) Is life in a world under continous reorganization an institutionalized form of sado-masochism? Throughout, issues of power are paramount.


Triaxial HTS AC power cables, that incorporates three HTS phases wound around a single core within a single cable is considering the optimal solution for low and medium voltages. Such a design permits to save expensive HTS conductor and to increase the power density transmitted. It is difficult to increase the transmission capacity of a triaxial cable by increasing its operating voltage and therefore, insulation thickness between phases. The other way is to increase the operation current by using a multilayer structure in each phase of the triaxial cable. This task demands a complicated optimization analysis and a precise manufacturing technology. Following our previous studies, we developed and tested the triaxial cable prototype with two layers per phase made of ReBCO wire. The optimal parameters of the cable (twist pitch, diameters of phases, etc.) have been determined using the numerical simulation methods developed. DC and AC tests of the cable has been performed. In the result, the feasibility to provide a uniform current distribution in a triaxial cable, each phase of which consists of two layers, has been demonstrated. With the outer diameter of ∼24 mm only, this is the most compact triaxial HTS power cable manufactured and tested up to date with currents up to 4 kA per phase. The anticipated power transfer with three phases of this cable can be as large as ∼34 MW.


ABSTRACT Background Despite the availability of health resources such as immunizations on campus, HPV vaccination rates in college students remain low with existing gender disparities in HPV vaccine uptake. Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to identify common limitations to HPV vaccination interventions among college students, utilized health promotion theories that have been reported to improve HPV vaccination rates among the population of interest, and lessons learned from intervention outcomes. Methods The review team consisted of a group of researchers with medical and/or public health backgrounds who are experts in the assessment, development, implementation, and evaluation of HPV vaccination interventions for US college students. The Arksey and O'Malley framework methodology guided the review. Results Out of the 21 included studies, only 16 utilized health promotion theories and/or models to disseminate and implement the research intervention, with the most common theory being the Health Belief Model (HBM) (n = 7). A total of 50 limitations were identified from 19 studies and classified accordingly. Discussion Results may contribute to a broader understanding of major limitations to consider when designing HPV vaccination initiatives in college settings. Translation to Health Education Practice Different NCHEC areas were applied in the design and administration of this study.


In Europe, especially in France, anti-Americanism fundamentally structures political life and thought. In its most extreme forms, it embodies a whole way of interpreting the world. Explanation by means of America offers us the vertiginous feeling of the panoramic and allows us to embrace the totality of the real. If America didn't exist, we'd have to invent it: upon what other convenient scapegoat could we so conveniently load our sins and dump our garbage? Where else would we find such a place to whitewash the crimes of the planet, since anything that goes wrong on earth, from global warming to terrorism, can be laid at America's door? It's a stroke of good luck for a dictatorship or a criminal gang finally to be chased down and singled out by the United States.


This theoretical essay examines how mental verbs acquire meaning as they emerge in children's lexicon. The article begins by describing the ostension paradigm, which presumes that meaning derives from the relation between a mental verb and a corresponding referent. This paradigm is then critiqued by drawing on Wittgenstein's private language argument. The private language argument contends that meaning is tied to how a person uses a word in everyday discourse as opposed to whether one has correctly mapped a label and referent. Drawing from this argument, the semantic development of mental verbs is considered within the framework of contemporary theories emphasizing semantic development as a process of learning how, when, and for what purpose words are used. The implications of this view for theory of mind development are discussed.


We investigate the role of the transverse spin dependence in Drell Yan lepton pair production to NLO in QCD at parton level. In our analysis we deal with the large pT distributions. We give very compact expressions for the virtual O(αs) corrections to the cross section and show that the singularities factorize. The study is performed in the MS scheme in Dimensional Regularization, and with the t'Hooft-Veltman prescription for γ5. A discussion of the structure of the real emissions is included, and detailed methods for the study of these contributions are formulated. 1 E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 E-mail address: email@example.com 3 E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com


We present the fabrication and characterization of a nano-scale sensor made of amorphous silicon (a-Si) for electronic detection of small molecule–protein binding. The main component of the detector is a nano-scale a-Si wire with a surface functionalized with receptor molecules. Upon exposure, target molecules bind to these receptors and effectively change the surface dipole moment of the wire. This change of dipole moment in turn bends the semiconductor bands near the surface resulting in a change in charge carrier density. Due to the extremely small cross section of the conductive path (50 nm x 50 nm), changes close to the surface significantly affect the apparent conduction in the wire and can be monitored electronically to determine the occurrence of molecular binding events.


Aminoethylaminotriazinyl dyes prepared from available chlorotriazinyl dyes have been applied to wool in the form of non-reactive levelling acid dyes. The nucleophilic pendant amino residue readily underwent crosslinking reactions with wool, using suitable crosslinking reagents to give level dyeings of high wet fastness.


Advance care planning allows people to plan for their future care needs and can include medical, psychological and social aspects. However, little is known on the use, experience of and attitudes towards advance care planning in patients with parkinsonian disorders, their family carers and healthcare professionals.


This paper advances the hypothesis that workers participate less in trade unions in more ethnically fragmented societies. This hypothesis dates back at least to Marx and Engels who first suggested that increased ethnic and racial antipathies among workers undermine class consciousness and weaken the unity of the working class in the United States. Building on a set of innovative instruments derived from biogeography and more precisely the parasite-stress theory of values and sociality (Fincher and Thornhill, 2008), our analysis seeks to exploit exogenous sources of variations in ethnic diversity and establish a convincing relationship between ethnic diversity and trade union density across countries. In turn, our analysis investigates the above mentioned relationship by using the European Social Survey (ESS) dataset and in particular a sample of migrants of different ancestry residing in ESS countries. Consistent with the prediction of the theory, both layers of the empirical analysis provide evidence of a strong, negative and highly significant relationship between ethnic diversity and the decision of the workers to participate in trade unions. Obtained empirical findings remain highly robust across a number of alternative empirical specifications and estimation techniques.


Actuaries commonly, and in accordance with professional standards, use expected rates of return (on an anticipated asset mix) to discount the liabilities of defined benefit pension plans and to develop periodic plan expenses and contributions. With risky assets, the symmetry of returns about the expected return is deemed sufficient to develop costs that are unbiased over time. In the public (governmental) plan sector, expenses and contributions are almost always identical and intergenerational equity is a high priority. This paper uses arbitrage principles to show that the use of expected returns including equity premia is biased in favor of early generations at the expense of later generations, a wealth transfer disguised as risk diversification over time. It is shown that unbiased results can be developed, with no wealth transfers between generations, by assuming risk-free rates of return independently of the actual asset mix. Because cost computations anticipate equity premia, governments are likely to offer their employees pension benefits and valuable options (Skim funds) at less than their risk-adjusted cost, and to enter into costly strategies such as the issuance of Pension Obligation Bonds (POB's). Disciplines Economics This working paper is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/prc_papers/463 Assumed Rates of Discount for Valuations of Publicly Sponsored Defined Benefit Plans


Tunable matching networks using switched stubs show promise for real-time impedance matching in high-power radar and jamming applications based on the emerging developments of high-power switches. These self-tuning transmitter amplifiers will quickly maximize range upon changing operating frequency in a dynamically changing spectrum environment. In this paper, we present a fast tuning algorithm capable of maximizing the output power from a tuner with six switched stubs. The control of the tuner from a software-defined radio platform is demonstrated, and complete optimization for output power can be performed in under $35 \ \mu\mathrm{s}$ following a change in operating frequency or antenna impedance. The algorithm is expected to be applicable to emerging high-power switches with similar reconfiguration times.


Up to the present date, 101 species of echinoderms have been recorded in the Adriatic Sea: 2 species of crinoids, 36 species of holothurians, 23 species of sea stars, 22 species of brittle stars and 18 species of sea urchins. Complex investigations of echinoderm fauna in the Adriatic Sea have been performed mainly in the area along eastern Adriatic coast and islands. The data on distribution of echinoderms in the open waters of the Adriatic Sea are very scarce. This study presents the first extensive investigation of echinoderm distribution in the area of soft bottoms in the open part of the northern and middle Adriatic Sea. The investigated area is ground of intensive trawling and disturbance. Investigation was performed during 11 cruises of " Pipeta" expedition from 1985 to 1994 on sediment bottoms of the northern and middle Adriatic Sea. A total of 518 bottom trawl hauls were performed at 56 permanent stations along ten transects over different sediment types, " relict" sand, clayey " relict" sand, sand-silt-clay, clayey silt and silty clay, silty sand and sandy silt, at depths of 10 to 430 m. Samples were continuously collected by a commercial trawler, using the standard Italian bottom trawl during day and night. In the researched area 34 species from the phylum Echinodermata were found: 9 species from class Holothuroidea ; 12 species from class Asteroidea ; 4 species from class Ophiuroidea and 9 species from class Echinoidea. The most diverse echinoderm fauna was found in the open part of the middle Adriatic Sea on the clayey " relict" sand at depths from 90 to 130 m and the least diverse on clayey silt and silty clay at depths from 120 to 230 m in the western part of the open middle Adriatic. The greatest abundance and biomass of the echinoderms was recorded at depths from 25 to 100 m. Distribution and abundance of each species on the researched stations and the distribution in relation to the bottom type and depth were calculated. Changes in abundance of the species at each station were analysed for the whole period of investigation. The results of the study are good base for comparison of communities' state in the case of possible changes and could be used in forecasting the changes in marine communities due to the anthropogenic influence.


In this paper. the performances of testure classification based on pyramidal and uniform decomposition are comparatively studied with and without feature selection. This comparison using the subband variance as feature explores the dependence among features. It is shown that the main problem when employing 2-D non-separable wavelet transforms for testure classification is the determination of the suitable features and that yields the best classification results. A Mas-Mas algorithm which is a novel evaluation function based on genetic algorithms is presented to evaluate the classification performance of each subset of selected features. Esperimental results have shown the selectivity of the proposed approach and do capture the testure characteristics.


Objective To investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide 2(GLP-2) on recovery of intestinal epithelial function from radiation injury in mice. Methods Kunming mice received a single dose of 8 Gy total-body irradiation from 60 Co gamma-rays followed by treatment with GLP-2 or vehicle.Intestinal permeability,plasma endotoxin content,glucose absorption,and sucrase and lactase activities were measured on days 1,3,5 after treatment. Results In irradiated mice intestinal permeability and glucose absorption were significantly higher, and sucrase and lactase activities lower than those in normal mice on days 1,3,5(P0^01 or P0^05).Plasma endotoxin content in irradiated mice on days 1,3 was significantly higher than that in the normal mice (P0^01 or P0^05).In GLP-2-treated mice,intestinal permeability,glucose absorption,and plasma endotoxin content restored to normal on day 3 sucrase and lactase activities restored to normal on day 5. Conclusion GLP-2 can promote recovery of intestinal mucosal barrier function,digestion and absorption function from radiation injury.;


To the Editor: Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is a rare indolent B-cell malignancy characterized by an activating mutation of MYD88 (L265P), and is also known as Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) when producing a detectable serum IgM monoclonal protein. LPL commonly causes cytopenias by bone marrow infiltration, and paraproteins can cause hyperviscosity syndromes and antibody mediated toxicities. Ibrutinib, which blocks the downstream effects of MYD88 activation by inhibiting Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of LPL. There are published data on the use of ibrutinib to treat WM in clinical trials, but limited reported data on the use of ibrutinib to treat LPL in clinical practice ("real world experience"). This observational study was conducted from January 2014 through December 2016 with institutional research board approval. We included all sequential non-selected LPL patients diagnosed according to standard criteria and treated with ibrutinib for progressive disease or disease complications in a Lymphoma Clinic with a dedicated specialty pharmacy service. A specialty pharmacist routinely followed all patients on ibrutinib therapy at least monthly in clinic and by telephone, generating consistent, detailed, and prospectively collected and recorded data on ibrutinib compliance, drug interactions, adverse events, and reasons and durations of dose changes and treatment interruptions. Genetic analysis was done in the clinical laboratory of the Department of Pathology at the University of Rochester. Testing for MYD88 L265 used a labeled-oligo melting curve assay with a limit of detection of 1% of cells with a mutation. CXCR4 WHIM-like mutations were detected using Sanger sequencing with a clamp to enhance sensitivity to 1% around codon 338. Ibrutinib response was evaluated using immunoglobulin and hemoglobin levels. The cumulative probability of reaching a target reduction in IgM after initiating ibrutinib therapy was determined by using Kaplan-Meier product limit analysis to account for censored observations. Serum IgM levels, as a percentage of baseline, were plotted against days from starting ibrutinib therapy, and locally weighted regression (LOESS) was used to explore the relationship in more detail. All analyses, including descriptive statistics, were performed using the SAS software system (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; version 9.4). Twenty-three patients (70% male, 61% previously treated, median age 71.9 years, range 41.1–91.7) received ibrutinib (planned dose 420 mg/day) at a median time from diagnosis of LPL of 3.3 years (range 0–21.2). The median duration of ibrutinib therapy at the time of data censoring was 11 months (range 0.5–33.8). All 18 tested patients had MYD88 L265P and five of 16 patients tested had a WHIM-like mutation in the CXCR4 gene (details in Supporting Information Table S1 and Figure S1). All patients had a detectable serum monoclonal protein (22 IgM, 1 IgG). The 21 patients with sequential IgM levels all had objective treatment responses with 19% very good partial responses ( 90% reduction or normalization of IgM), 57% partial responses ( 50% but <90% IgM reduction) and 24% minor responses ( 25% but <50% IgM reduction) using standard response criteria. The median maximum IgM decrease was 67% (range 31–96%, Figure 1A). The cumulative probability of reaching a 50% reduction in the serum IgM level by 60 days was 0.51 (95%CI: 0.32, 0.74) and 0.74 (95%CI: 0.53, 0.91) at 90 days (Figure 1B). Four patients had normalization of IgM levels (<230 mg/ dL) without clinical evidence of residual LPL but none had the serum protein electrophoresis analysis, re-staging bone marrow studies and imaging required to document a complete remission. The patient with IgG LPL had a clinical response to ibrutinib treatment (37% decrease in IgG level). Anemia (hemoglobin<10 g/dL) resolved in 6 of 8 patients. No patients had progression of LPL on treatment. Three patients self-discontinued ibrutinib (muscle weakness and pain) and 6 required at least one ibrutinib dose reduction (adverse events/comorbidities n55, drug interaction n51). Nine patients had 20 therapy interruptions, (procedures n510, comorbidities n55, adverse events n54, hospitalized n51). Therapy interruptions were usually associated with rapid increases in IgM levels, with subsequent decreases in IgM levels after resuming ibrutinib therapy (Figure 1C). Many patients in this LPL patient population would have been ineligible for either of the two published clinical trials using ibrutinib in the management of LPL/WM because of poor performance status, comorbidities, or organ failure. Two patients had end stage renal failure (one on long term hemodialysis) prior to initiation of ibrutinib therapy. A 66 year-old male presented with LPL complicated by light chain nephropathy causing severe renal failure and anemia. Ibrutinib therapy was initiated at 140 mg/d and then incrementally increased to 420 mg/d, which resulted in intermittent grade 2 hematuria but was otherwise tolerable. Despite very good IgM and light chain control he did not recover renal function. An 83-year-old female presented with nephrotic syndrome caused by lambda light chain renal amyloidosis. Therapy was initiated at 420 mg per day and then decreased to 280 mg daily because of decreasing renal function without any adverse effects. Paraprotein levels were well controlled on ibrutinib but the patient declined chronic hemodialysis and died of renal failure. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first reports of use of ibrutinib


Global carbon emissions leading to change in climate and ecology systems have prompted the international community to establish a series of agreements aimed at reducing such emission. Australia as a signatory country to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, is currently establishing a National Carbon Accounting System, to estimate and monitor carbon emissions from all major sectors. Forest and woodland biomass mapping, using remotely sensed data, can provide a unique, efficient and reliable assessment for biomass stocks and changes. Studies internationally have recognised that, among all the remote sensing technologies, SAR has the greatest potential to quantify biomass and structural diversity because of its ability of penetration. While SAR data are promising for biomass mapping, SAR image classification based on pixel-analysis suffers from the existing speckle problem. It has been suggested that the SAR data analysis be best based on area-analysis. Segmentation is the process of partitioning an image into uniform areas and providing a base for area-analysis. In this paper, a segmentation method using the Gaussian Markov random field model, developed by authors in recent years is used to segment SAR images. Several field campaigns have been conducted to collect ground truth data. Various sampling methods are used. In a detailed sampling method, all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 3 centimeters in a plot are counted, while the prism wedge technique uses a critical angle from a central location to include or exclude individual trees in a plot. The field data are then analysed and processed. Allometric equations permit the derivation of tree component biomass from a knowledge of tree species and diameters, as well soil and climate conditions. Biomass of branches, stems, trunks, foliages were all determined. These data serves benchmarks in image classification and accuracy assessments. The accuracy of the classification is assessed using the collected ground truth data. Limitations of single polarisation data and advantages of multipolarisation and multiband data in terms of biomass mapping are addressed.


Increases in the knowledge of milk and the behaviour of its components under different processing conditions, and developments in technology, allow the costs of production and the quality of existing products to be improved, allow new products to be produced and increase the versatility of operations. These effects are illustrated with reference to improvements in drying technology, the use of membrane concentration in cheese manufacture and the development of new buttermaking processes.


for each a ∈ A. We denote the top and bottom elements of a σ-frame A respectively by 1A and 0A. σ-Frame homomorphisms preserve countable joins and finite meets. The resulting category is denoted σFrm. Extending the above notions by allowing arbitrary subsets and arbitrary joins in the definitions leads to the notions of a frame and a frame homomorphism, and the corresponding category Frm of frames. For further details on frames and σ-frames we refer to Johnstone [4] and Banaschewski-Gilmour [1]. Given a bounded distributive lattice A, and supposing a, b ∈ A, then a is said to be rather below b (written a ≺ b) if there exists s ∈ A such that a∧s = 0A and b ∨ s = 1A. We say a is completely below b (written a ≺≺ b) if there is a family {xi | i ∈ Q ∩ [0, 1]} of elements in A satisfying x0 = a, x1 = b and i < j implies xi ≺ xj . The lattice A is called normal if for each pair a, b of elements of L with a ∨ b = 1A, there exists u, v ∈ A such that a∨ u = 1A = b ∨ v and u∧ v = 0A. In a normal lattice, the two relations ≺ and ≺≺ coincide.


The disciplinary building-up is the key of the hospital administration, this study analyses the literature published on the Chinese journals during 2000 to 2008, and find out the main problem of the disciplinary building-up in modern military hospital, and raised the homologus handling ways.in the third part introduced the experience of hospital disciplinary building-up, and established the system of modern military hospital disciplinary building-up.


Abstract d‐2‐Aminobutyric acid is an unnatural amino acid serving as an important intermediate in pharmaceutical production. Developing a synthetic method that uses cheaper starting materials and produces less by‐product is a pressing demand. A tri‐enzymatic catalytic system, which is composed of l‐threonine ammonia lyase (l‐TAL), d‐amino acid dehydrogenase (d‐AADH), and formate dehydrogenase (FDH), has thus been developed for the synthesis of d‐2‐aminobutyric acid with high optical purity. In this cascade reaction, the readily available l‐threonine serves as the starting material, carbon dioxide and water are the by‐products. d‐2‐Aminobutyric acid was obtained with >90 % yield and >99 % enantioselective excess, even without adding external ammonia, demonstrating that the ammonia from the first reaction can serve as the amino donor for the reductive amination step. This multi‐enzymatic system provides an attractive method with high atomic economy for the synthesis of d‐α‐amino acids from the corresponding l‐α‐amino acids, which are readily produced by fermentation.


Let b=((24!)!)!, and let P_{n^2+1} denote the set of all primes of the form n^2+1. Let M denote the set of all positive multiples of elements of the set P_{n^2+1} \cap (b,\infty). The set X={0,...,b} \cup M satisfies the following conditions: (1) card(X) is greater than a huge positive integer and it is conjectured that X is infinite, (2) we do not know any algorithm deciding the finiteness of X, (3) a known and short algorithm for every n \in N decides whether or not n \in X, (4) a known and short algorithm returns an integer n such that X is infinite if and only if X contains an element greater than n. The following problem is open: define a set X \subseteq N such that X satisfies conditions (1)-(4) and a known and simple formula \phi(x) satisfies X={n \in N: \phi(n)}, where \phi(n) has the same intuitive meaning for every n \in N (5). The statements \phi(n) in condition (5) have always the same intuitive meaning, if the predicate \phi(x) expresses a natural property, the term propounded by the philosopher David Lewis (1941-2001). Let f(3)=4, and let f(n+1)=f(n)! for every integer n \geq 3. For an integer n \geq 3, let \Psi_n denote the following statement: if a system of equations S \subseteq {x_i!=x_{i+1}: 1 \leq i \leq n-1} \cup {x_i \cdot x_j=x_{j+1}: 1 \leq i \leq j \leq n-1} has only finitely many solutions in positive integers x_1,...,x_n, then each such solution (x_1,...,x_n) satisfies x_1,...,x_n \leq f(n). We prove that for every statement \Psi_n the bound f(n) cannot be decreased. The author's guess is that the statements \Psi_3,...,\Psi_9 are true. We prove that the statement \Psi_9 implies that the set X of all non-negative integers n whose number of digits belongs to P_{n^2+1} satisfies conditions (1)-(5).


There is no agreement on "one way of knowing" in social work, and it is certainly not scientific reasoning that is accepted, as can be seen by examining the literature in social work on "different ways of knowing."


False alarm regulation is a critical requirement in modern surveillance radars. Present techniques are susceptible to poor false alarm control when operated in non-Gaussian backgrounds representative of real world situations. The conventional log-t CFAR is shown to be highly sensitive to the inclusion of small amounts of receiver noise in addition to the Weibull clutter for which it is tuned. An adaptive log-t CFAR is described which, under certain conditions, provides an order of magnitude better false alarm control than the conventional log-t CFAR. This adaptive processor maintains false alarm regulation by estimating the probability distribution of the interference and hence, in concept, is independent of the interference probability distribution.


Defects in glassware known as "stuck glass" are caused by flying glass particles falling into red hot bottles during their manufacture. We describe the design, construction, and results of a prototype electro-optical inspection machine which detects sub-millimeter defects in glass bottles. This system uses pattern processing and spatial filtering in the Fourier domain to optically subtract the signature of the nondefec-tive part of the bottle, from the total image of the bottle. The huge variation in acceptable glass bottles, even within a particular sized bottle, requires a unique spatial filter for each bottle being inspected. We use a two-dimensional spatial light modulator to create such an adaptive spatial filter which allows us to compensate for these variations in real-time.


As an agroindustrial waste product, potato peels contain valuable phenolic compounds that can be extracted before they are sent to the landfill. Based on previous work, this study focused on determining the efficacies of phenolic compound extraction from potato peels using conventional shaking extraction (CSE) and both direct ultrasound-assisted extraction (DUAE), and indirect ultrasound-assisted extraction (IUAE). The yield curve associated with each extraction method was measured and characterized. The maximum yield of phenolic compounds and its dependence on processing parameters were evaluated. The applicability of the Peleg model for describing the yield curve was evaluated. Based on the Peleg model, a recovery ratio was defined to calculate its corresponding extraction rate. This extraction rate, combined with the yield, can be used for describing the efficacy of an extraction method. Our results indicate that the ultrasound-assisted extraction methods were capable of extracting phenolic compounds at a given recovery ratio one or two orders of magnitude faster than the CSE method. Models described in the article are expected to be useful in evaluating the extraction efficacy of valuable compounds from various agricultural or agroindustrial waste.


A streamlined and semi-automated Pre-stack depth migration velocity model building approach has been used to solve imaging distortions caused by near surface channel systems in offshore Tanzania. In this abstract we show how, • an automated shallow channel extraction algorithm, and, • a whole volume based pre-stack anomaly extraction algorithm, were used in unison to identify potential prospects impacted by shallow channels. An automated shallow channel extraction algorithm was developed and used in PreSDM velocity model building. Coupled with wavelet shift tomography this successfully solved the imaging distortions associated with the shallow channel systems. We focus on key aspects of the PreSDM velocity model building, which are transferable to other areas where the near surface impacts deeper imaging, and are suited to exploration schedules. The main learning's have been: • PreSDM is preferred over PreSTM even for compressed exploration schedules, and, • Whole volume analysis of pre-stack migrated gathers complements prospectivity assessment and processing objectives.


If coaches are unaware of their own biased attitudes and beliefs towards coachees, it may negatively influence their perceptions of and interactions with that individual. The current study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of South African organisational coaches in terms of such cultural self-awareness; specifically, how coaches develop, maintain and promote cultural self-awareness, and what the perceived consequences of such awareness were. Sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with eight South African organisational coaches. The data was analysed using grounded theory methodology which yielded eight findings that are discussed within this research article. An interpretation of the findings revealed that various levels, developmental paths, and applications of cultural self-awareness exist amongst organisational coaches. Recommendations are offered for coaching training programmes, coaches, coaching clients, and for future research possibilities. Key terms: Coaching, culture, intercultural competence, cultural self-awareness, intercultural, cross-cultural


Minidumbbell (MDB) is a noncanonical DNA structure found to form in several pyrimidine‐rich short tandem repeats associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The most recently reported MDB contains two pentaloops formed by ATTCT repeats. Here, we studied the effects of a purine residue and a backbone discontinuous site on the structure and thermal stability of MDBs containing two pentaloops. It was found that a purine as the fourth loop residue improved the thermal stability of MDBs containing two regular pentaloops, while a backbone discontinuous site between the third and fourth, or between the fourth and fifth loop residues enhanced the thermal stability of MDBs containing a regular and a quasi pentaloops. The results of this study provide new insights into the sequence criteria and structural basis of MDBs.


The invention discloses a cigarette perfume solvent and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the cigarette perfume solvent comprises the steps of mixing water-solubility solvent and tobacco fragments or tobacco smalls, heating the mixture for inverse-flow extraction, filtering the extracted liquid, adding organic acid and sugar to the extracted liquid, adding zymogen strain at 35 DEG C, fermenting the reaction product for 5-15 days in a sealing mode under the temperature of 80-85 DEG C, filtering and removing deposition, stirring under normal atmosphere and heating to 80-85 DEG C for distilling, and obtaining the distilment which is the needed cigarette perfume solvent. Compared with edible alcohol and general grain brewing wine, the cigarette perfume solvent has obvious ferment smell characteristic, better mouthfeel and special ferment perfume, enables the perfume of cigarette to be cooperative, sweet-scented, mellow and exquisite, remarkably improves the aftertaste and has remarkable function for slowing down stimulation. The cigarette perfume solvent can dissolve multiple essences and flavors through adjusting the alcohol degree according to requirement, can be used as solvent for essences and flavors, and can be independently used for adding flavors, thereby having favorable application foreground.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Mental Imagery Perceptual Learning System for the treatment of amblyopia.Methods 197 children(317 eyes) with amblyopia were recruited.Spectacles were prescribed based on atropine ointment cycloplegic refraction.Patients were assigned to receive either occlusion therapy or "Mental Imagery" perceptual learning according to their best corrected acuity.The following indices were analyzed: type of amblyopia,depth of amblyopia,age and treatment efficiency.Results With patients who received average 4 months "Mental Imagery" perceptual learning,amblyopia cured in 77% and improved in 30.28%.The gross treatment efficiency was 88.96%.Conclusion Mental Imagery Perceptual Learning System is an effective way for treating amblyopia.


A new implementation of the complex coordinate method for calculation of molecular resonances and photoionization cross sections is presented. The method originates from the idea of analytic continuation of stabilization graphs, but instead all matrix elements are numerically continued. Exterior scaling is invoked in conjunction with the use of dilationally adapted basis sets. It is operationally equivalent to the bivariational method in the Feshbach-partitioned manifold of complex basis functions, but no complex integrals are calculated. Instead, the complex eigenvalue problem arises from the analytical continuation of the realvalued matrix elements pertinent to any atomic or molecular structure code in its standard (real) form. That includes the possibility of using numerical basis sets. Since the method does not require modification of existing numerical codes, it can serve as a complement to any large scale CI or MCSCF molecular structure calculation.


Pb(II) shows severe toxicity even at trace levels due to non-biodegradability and biomagnification. At present, high capacity and selectivity as well as stability of adsorbents are still the main indexes...


front: "HELIOPOLIS - General view of the great Mosque Abbas" ; back: "Serie 634 : The CAIRO POSTCARD TRUST - CAIRO"


Motivated by the computation of intersection loci in Computer Aided Geometric Design (CAGD), we introduce and study the elimination problem for systems of three bivariate polynomial equations with separated variables. Such systems are simple sparse bivariate ones but resemble to univariate systems of two equations both geometrically and algebraically. Interesting structures for generalized Sylvester and bezoutian matrices can be explicited. Then one can take advantage of these structures to represent the objects and speed up the computations. A corresponding notion of subresultant is presented and related to a Gröbner basis of the polynomial system.


Itisaserious issue ifwecangetareliable result or notwhenconducting andsummarizing anexperiment. Sometimes itisnotenough bydiagrams only. Itisagood way to use mathematical regressive methodfor confirming andchecking thecorrectness ofdiagrams. Taking correlation between three variables (Nicontent, temperature, time) andsolder spreading areaasexample, thediagrams andregressive equations werediscussed in this paper. Thediagrams give theresults that thespreading areaincrease withthetemperature increase. Butitisnot clear aboutthefactors Nicontent andsoldering time. Whenusingthestepbystepregressive methodto calculate, theequations weregot.Theyindicate that Ni content andsoldering timehavepronounced mutual effect onthefunction, temperature hasquadratic orline effect in Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu or Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu-0.2Co solderalloy respectively, andthecorrelations arebothpositive.


Thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke has received wide attention. Now the thrombolytic therapy mainly includes intervenous thrombolysis, intra-arterial thrombolysis, combination of intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis, and mechanical thrombolysis. The review mainly presents the recent progress in this field.

Key words:
ischemic stroke;  thrombolytic therapy


An experimental study of the thermal performance characteristics of TMA glass transition temperature is developed. Three kinds of nanopowder, namely, alumina, silica and carbon black, are selected and mixed with reactive diluent to prepare a novel epoxy nanocomposite. By analysis of variance, it is found that the control factors are significant factors to qualify the glass transition temperature of the nanocomposite. In the study, the glass transition temperature is effectively optimized by using Taguchi method. As a result, the optimum composition is to adding 2 wt.% of Al2O3, 2 wt.% of SiO2, and 2 wt.% of carbon black of the nanocomposite. The multiple regression equation can be established from the experiment to determine the weighted coefficient of control factors and quality characteristics. The error between the experimental value and the prediction value, which is calculated by the regression equation, is only 0.06%. It confirms the reliability of this study.


The goal of this project is to timely identify and characterize hot topics discussed on the Chinese microblogging website, Sina Weibo. First, we develop a subject-oriented crawler to retrieve Weibo posts. Second, a probabilistic topic model is applied to the dataset to identify prominent topics and keywords. A comparison on hot topics, Word Cloud, and Latent Dirichlet Allocation results are discussed, followed by future research directions.


Purpose: Inhibitors of heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) may interfere with oncogenic signaling pathways, including Erk, Akt, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Because insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways are implicated in the progression of pancreatic cancer, we hypothesized that blocking Hsp90 with geldanamycin derivates [17-allylamino-geldanamycin (17-AAG), 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG)] would impair IGF-I– and interleukin-6–mediated signaling and thus reduce pancreatic tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. Experimental Design: Human pancreatic cancer cells (HPAF-II, L3.6pl) were used for experiments. Changes in signaling pathway activation upon Hsp90 blockade were investigated by Western blotting. Effects of Hsp90 inhibition (17-AAG) on vascular endothelial growth factor were determined by ELISA and real-time PCR. Effects of 17-DMAG (25 mg/kg; thrice a week; i.p.) on tumor growth and vascularization were investigated in a s.c. xenograft model and in an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer. Results: 17-AAG inhibited IGF-IR signaling by down-regulating IGF-IRβ and directly impairing IGF-IR phosphorylation. Hypoxia- and IL-6–mediated activation of HIF-1α or STAT3/STAT5 were substantially inhibited by 17-AAG. Moreover, a novel IL-6/STAT3/HIF-1α autocrine loop was effectively disrupted by Hsp90 blockade. In vivo, 17-DMAG significantly reduced s.c. tumor growth and diminished STAT3 phosphorylation and IGF-IRβ expression in tumor tissues. In an orthotopic model, pancreatic tumor growth and vascularization were both significantly reduced upon Hsp90 inhibition, as reflected by final tumor weights and CD31 staining, respectively. Conclusions: Blocking Hsp90 disrupts IGF-I and IL-6–induced proangiogenic signaling cascades by targeting IGF-IR and STAT3 in pancreatic cancer, leading to significant growth-inhibitory effects. Therefore, we suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors could prove to be valuable in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.


Regardless of its relevance for business performance, the influence of innovation on the performance of manufacturing firms in Tanzania is not well  documented. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effects of innovation on business performance of manufacturing firms in Tanzania. The study used  cross-sectional design and quantitative approach. Copies of a structured questionnaire were administered to 420 participants from 28 manufacturing  companies in Dar es Salaam and Coast Regions. An impressive response rate of 93.1% was achieved. Data were tested for reliability using Cronbach's  alpha coefficient. Tests for normality, multicollinearity and autocorrelation were conducted, and the results showed the data were reliable, normally  distributed, free of multicollinearity and autocorrelation problems. Descriptive and multiple regression statistical techniques were employed. The results  suggested that a significant positive effect existed between performance of manufacturing firms and product innovation (B=0.705, p=0.001), process  innovation (B=0.640, p=0.000) and marketing innovation (B=.818, p=0.000). The obvious implication to industry is that innovation is important to business  success of the manufacturing companies, thus the governments should motivate firms to innovate continuously by giving incentives to invest in R&D.  Past studies linking innovation and performance have focused on financial measures of performance. The major contribution of the current study is to  use non-financial measures of performance such as business growth and responsiveness to change.


Currently, the treatment advantage of neoadjuvant therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer is still controversial. This was a case of taking preoperative neoadjuvant treatment on patient with primary resectable liver and lung metastases from colorectal cancer. In this case report, we will share some experience and lessons of its treatment process with you.

Key words:
Colorectal neoplasms; Neoadjuvant therapy; Multidisciplinary treatment


In this article we have studied on lacunary I-convergent sequences of fuzzy real numbers. We verify and establish some algebraic properties such as linearity, symmetric, convergence free etc. and also established some other results.


ABSTRACT: It is estimated that to overcome rolling resistance (RR) a typical vehicle, on average, consumes 4152 MJ/119 L of fuel annually, depending not only on vehicle-related factors but also on ...


Graduate-level text stresses extrathermodynamic approach to quantitative prediction and constructs a logical framework that encompasses and classifies all known extrathermodynamic relationships. Numerous figures and tables. Author and Subject Indexes.


The structure of a dispersion of charged colloidal particles interacting through a screened Coulomb potential is well described at moderate to high densities by calculating the correlations in the mean spherical approximation (MSA). In this paper we extend the validity of the MSA calculation to arbitrarily low densities, using a physical rescaling argument which preserves the analytic form of the MSA solution. Our results are in excellent agreement with other numerical calculations and with experimental low-density light scattering data. The method may be viewed as a generalization of Gillan's prescription for one component plasmas to systems interacting through a Yukawa potential. An advantage of the present prescription is that it allows a smooth transition from strong to weak coupling, and it implies no functional relation between the experimentally independent parameters.


A deeper mathematical insight into physical problems is gained when a relatively elementary problem is generalized mathematically beyond the bounds of physical reality, particularly when the results are independent of the generalization. See, for example, Heading (3).


This paper presents the findings from the empirical investigation of comparison on tourist satisfaction among domestic and international visitors with cultural heritage sites in Hue city, Vietnam. Interviews were equally made to a total sample of 120 international and domestic tourist respondents. Statistical paired-sample tests, factor analysis and multiple regressions were conducted to identify the difference as well as the relationship between the expectation and overall satisfaction among the international and domestic tourists with the four cultural heritage sites of Citadel; Thien Mu Pagoda; Tu Duc; and Khai Dinh King Tombs at Hue city. The research reveals that the satisfying attributes were different among domestic and foreign tourists and demographic characteristics had an impact on the overall satisfaction. Implications were drawn and future research was proposed.


C. E. van ROOYEN, M.D. (Froml tile Department of Bacteriol)gy, Universily of Edinibuirgh) During the past few weeks we have been confronted with the problem of supplying relatively large quantities of human typing sera at a few hours' notice, and the purpose of this paper is to record the methods we employed, in the hope that they may be of help to others faced with the same situation. The selection of the typed volunteers constituted otur first problem, and this was accomplished with the aid of a small quantity of blood-grouping sera* of Group II (Moss)-that is, international classification A; and Group III (Moss)-that is, international classification B. With these a number of human volunteers were duly typed. (For the remainder of this paper we have adopted the Moss classification.) From these individuals four of Group II and four of Group III were chosen for tests, the object of the experiments being to find out which of them could provide the most active sera for standard typing purposes. In order to obtain this information it was decided to set up a series of increasing dilutions of each individual's serum, to which was added a suspension of red blood cells. In this way it was possible, first, to determine which of the sera produced clumping in the highest dilution, and, secondly, to ascertain the character and nature of the clumping produced. The results of our experiments showed that the serum possessing the highest endtitre of agglutinins was not necessarily the serum of choice for typing purposes, since we observed that the qualitative character of the reaction-for example, the size and appearance of the clumps as seen by the naked eyewas a better criterion of the value of sera for typing work than the end-titre at which the reaction occurred. We wish to point out that some sera give agglutination reactions that are easily visible to the naked eye, whereas with others such reactions are not so marked and the time taken for agglutination is longer. It is desirable to add


The human rights of women in The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have been a subject of unresolved debate among sociologists, economists, and political scientists alike, as this region's gender related human rights performance remains uniquely weaker compared to other geographic regions in the world. Most notably, the human rights of women in the region have been lagging in the area of family law. The following paper assesses gender inequity in the MENA region from a legal perspective, with a focus on family law and legal pluralism, and with the intent to shed light on domestic legal institutions as means of influencing the economic and political status of women both in the Middle East and globally. INDEX WORDS: Human rights, Women, Law, Religion, Legal pluralism, Political rights, Economic rights, social rights, Middle East, Comparative Politics, Comparative Law RELIGION, THE LAW AND THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN THE MIDDLE EAST: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS


In the present paper a 2D numerical model is used to explore the possible origins of the non uniform distribution of NMI in ingot remelted with an ESR process. Experiments where performed with 3 different melting rates, ion which both ingot and electrode where analysed by an automated REM/EDX system to determine the type, the size and the distribution of the NMI. An increase of NMI concentration with melting rate was noticed. The final distribution of particles in the ingot was found to be not uniform. The NMI concentration increases with the radial position, low in centre, and large in the ingot extremity.


The invention relates to an arrangement for cooling of electronic components and / or subassemblies, in particular in so-called embedded system. The components and / or subassemblies are on a substrate (LP) is applied, wherein the substrate (LP) has a component side and a heat sink side. The component side is provided with a cover (AB) which forms a heatsink (KK) on the heat sink side of the substrate (LP) a type of housing for the mounted substrate (LP). Between the substrate (LP) and the heatsink (KK) is a guide channel for a cooling medium (KM) (eg., Air, etc.) is provided and the substrate (LP) has at least one opening (OS). On this at least one opening (OS), a fan (V) is mounted such that by the fan (V) generated cooling power of the cooling medium (KM) through the guide channel on the heat sink side of the substrate (LP) and on the component side of the substrate ( LP), and is thus passed over the assembled components and / or assemblies. Deriving the heated cooling medium (KM) is then carried out by means of the cover (AB). In this simple way of electronic components and / or subassemblies is taken care of and substantially increased their lifespan for an efficient and effective noise reduction.


In "The Eighth Amendment Revisited: A Model of Weighted Punishments," Nevares-Muniz presents a model of punishment designed to satisfy the proportionality and disparity requirements of the eighth amendment.' This commentary focuses upon the nature of the proposed model and suggests several difficulties with the main arguments of the article. The author begins by discussing the concept of "cruel and unusual punishment." She traces its roots from the English Bill of Rights of 1689 through its original appearance in American judicial opinion in O'Neil v. Vermont,2 through the important case of Weems v. United States,3 and to the recent cases of Coker v. Georgia4 and Rummel v. Estelle.5 The discussion narrows to a treatment of the proportionality requirement associated with the currently conceived notion of cruel and unusual punishment. The author points to the importance of the proportionality requirement by referring to the work of Beccaria,6 Hart7, and the Criminal Code Revision Act of 1979.8 Nevares-Muniz then establishes the importance of the propor-


The study aims particularly at exploring time, frequency, and types of natural environment reports on six channels of free TV in Thailand during January to July 2013. It was found that Thai television reported the said issue in a total of 774 minutes/week (3,096 minutes/month). Thai Public Broadcasting Service (Thai PBS) was ranked the top with the average report of 400 minutes/week, followed by National Broadcasting Services of Thailand (139 minutes/week), Modernine TV (115 minutes/week), Royal Thai Army Radio and Television Channel 5 (53 minutes/week), Thai Television Channel 3 (50 minutes/week), and Bangkok Broadcasting Television Channel 7 (17 minutes/week), respectively. The report format is mostly of documentary, with the type of "general environments", and presented mostly on Thursday at 4-8 pm and 4-8 am.


Arrangement for determining a flow-related process variable of a medium to be measured by at least a first measuring tube, in particular for determining the flow rate of a measurement medium and / or the volume flow of the medium to be measured, comprising A) at least the first measuring tube with a measuring tube axis, B) at least two diametrically opposite on the measuring tube coil systems for forming a magnetic field, C) a first pair of measuring electrodes, with two diametrically opposite on the measuring tube measuring electrodes which form a first joint axis which is substantially perpendicular to the magnetic field, and D) at least a second measuring electrode pair with two diametrically on the first or opposite to a second measuring tube measuring electrodes which form a second connection axis, which is along the measurement tube axis is substantially parallel to the first connection axis; E) a control and / or regulating unit, for generating a magnetic field of alternating polarity through the coil systems, F) a circuit arrangement comprising an evaluation unit for determining a flow rate and / or the volume flow rate of a measurement medium, characterized, in that the measuring electrode pairs are connected to the evaluation unit in such a way that a tap of measuring voltages is performed by the first and second measuring pair of electrodes, and wherein the circuitry is adapted to perform the following method steps: I. Conductive tap of voltage measuring devices in the form of signal voltages of each of the measuring electrode pairs; II.I determining a measured value with respect to the phase position and / or size of the phase of at least the interference component of the measured voltages or II.II setting a standard value for determining the phase position and / or size of the phase of at least the interference component of the measured voltages; III. Signal processing of the measuring voltages in response to a determined or predetermined phase offset, wherein said determining an uncorrected measurement signal is carried out from the measured voltages, wherein in step III.I a correction of the measurement signal with the determined in step II.I measured value or with the predetermined reference value in step II.II; and IV edition of the corrected measurement signal.


This paper presents a fuzzy fusion technique for multimodal medical image fusion using type-2 fuzzy set and near set. For each pixel of both source images, pixel-wise fuzzification based on histogram level is done. Then, construct type-2 fuzzy membership grade from both fuzzified images to quantify the uncertainty of shape of membership function. Later, fuzzy entropy, mutual information and correlation are estimated the fuzziness, correlated fuzzy information, and similarity between both source images. Near fuzzy set is used to estimate the amount of nearness between two membership grades and combined best membership grade. Finally, fused image is obtained by defuzzification. The proposed method is simulated on a set of medical images and compared with state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results demonstrates the superiority of the proposed technique in terms of various fusion metrics.


Objective To explore the clinical effect and cytokine changes of narrow band ultraviolet B( NB-UVB) in treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. Methods A total of 68 patients with psoriasis vulgaris during April 2010 and April 2011 in our hospital were treated with NB-UVB,and therapeutic effect was observed. Cytokine change was compared between 40 of the 60 patients( group A) before and after treatment and 10 people taking medical examination( control group). Results The improvement rate of patients with psoriatic was( 74. 3 ± 10. 5) %,and the total efficacy rate was 88. 2%. All patients had different degrees of skin itching,and symptoms were relieved after symptomatic treatment. Before and after treatment,serum levels of interleukin 8( IL-8) in groups A were( 335. 21 ± 55. 02) ng / L and( 107. 54 ± 19. 25) ng / L respectively,and vascular endothelial growth factor( VEGF) were( 87. 34 ± 24. 30) ng / L and( 57. 24 ± 24. 50) ng / L respectively; serum levels of IL-8 and VEGF in control group were( 59.54 ±17.25) ng/L and( 21.40 ±3.50) ng/L respectively. The difference in IL-8 before and after treatment in group A was statistically significant( P 0. 05),but the difference in VEGF was not statistically significant( P 0. 05); the differences of IL-8 and VEGF in group A after treatment were statistically significant compared with those in control group( P 0. 01). Conclusion NB-UVB in treatment of psoriasis vulgaris may have better clinical effect and less adverse reaction. The curative effect can be detected by observing the changes of serum IL-8 and VEGF levels.


We begin by investigating the class of commutative unital rings in which no two distinct elements divide the same elements. We prove that this class forms a finitely axiomatizable, relatively ideal distributive quasivariety, and it equals the quasivariety generated by the class of integral domains with trivial unit group. We end the paper by proving a representation theorem that provides more evidence to the conjecture that B\'ezout monoids describe exactly the monoids of finitely generated ideals of commutative unital rings with distributive ideal lattice.


In the present investigation we introduce two subclasses Ν Σ δ , μ [η, α, λ] and Ν Σ δ , μ (η, β, λ) of the function class Σ of bi-univalent functions defined in the open unit disk. These subclasses are defined by using the Al-Oboudi differential operator, which is the generalized Salagean's differential operator. Also we find estimates on initial coeffcients |a 2 | and |a 3 | for the functions in these subclasses and consider some related subclasses in connection with these subclasses.


The compound 5-aminoquinoline (AQ) was treated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and H2O2 in a reaction medium containing a dioxane:phosphate buffer mixture (70:30). Products (OAQ) with a degree of polymerization ranging from 4 to 12 were obtained. 1H NMR, FTIR, UV–vis, SEM, TG–DTA, DSC, XRD analysis, and conductivity measurements were conducted for characterization of OAQ. Compared with a monomer, OAQ showed higher thermal stability. After heating to 1000 °C, 46% of the initial weight of the OAQ remained. The antioxidant efficiencies of the monomer and oligomer were evaluated by the typical spectrophotometric method such as the bleaching of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. OAQ showed improved DPPH activity compared with the AQ monomer.


Relationship has become important for the success of IS/IT outsourcing projects. Although some studies have explored the issues of IS/IT outsourcing relationship in the past, these studies are mostly limited to the client's perspective. We explore from the vendors' perspective the nature, role and influence of relationship quality on outsourcing success. Therefore the main purpose of this study is to examine the IS/IT outsourcing relationship from vendors' perspective, by determining relationship quality dimensions. Based on the social exchange and the relational exchange theories a relationship model is proposed and hypotheses are tested. Results from the response of 163 Indian vendors indicate that the outsourcing success is greatly determined by relationship quality. This study will serve as a useful guideline in understanding how to develop a successful IS/IT outsourcing relationships for IS/IT vendors undertaking those outsourced projects.


Previous studies on the family of inter-metallic rare-earth compounds R2PdSi3 revealed multifaceted magnetic properties, for instance, spin-glass like behavior. Experimental observations include: Signs of a crystallographic superstructure, complicated magnetic structures both in zero field and in applied magnetic fields as well as a generic phase in applied fields for compounds in the series with the heavy rare-earths R = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm. This thesis expands the studies on the magnetic properties of R2PdSi3 employing mainly neutron scattering on single crystals with the focus on the compounds with R = Ho, Er and Tm. A detailed analysis of the crystallographic superstructure using modulation wave approach and group theory is presented. The resulting structure implies the existence of two different rare-earth sites with reduced symmetry and an arrangement of the different sites according to sequences as determined by the superstructure. It will be shown that the reduced symmetry of the rare-earth sites is explicitly observed in the energy spectra of inelastic neutron scattering. The results on the magnetic structures and excitations are shown and discussed in the framework of the superstructure model. Specifically the generic phase in applied fields is interpreted as a direct consequence of the crystallographic superstructure. It is rather unusual that a crystallographic superstructure is playing such a decisive, and through the field dependence also tunable role in determining the magnetic properties as observed in R2PdSi3. The mediating interactions between the crystallographic part and the magnetic part of the system will be discussed.


This paper presents a reasoning system that pools the judgments from a set of inference agents with information from heterogeneous sources to generate a consensus opinion that reduces uncertainty and improves knowledge quality. The system, called Collective Agents Interpolation Integral (CAII), addresses a high level data fusion problem by combining, in a mathematically sound manner, multi-models of inference in knowledge intensive multi agent architecture. Two major issues are addressed in CAII. One is the ability of the inference mechanisms to deal with hybrid data inputs from multiple information sources and map the diverse data sets to a uniform representation in an objective space of reasoning and integration. The other is the ability of the system architecture to allow the continuous and discrete outputs of a diverse set of inference agents to interact, cooperate, and integrate.


Materials were surveyed to provide candidates for an all metal electrode paste system. These consisted of a major constituent metal powder, a low melting metal powder suitable for a liquid phase sintering medium, and a powder material suitable as an etchant for silicon dioxide at sintering temperatures. By means of thermal gravimetric analysis a suitable binder was identified for low temperature fired inks. The all metal ink concept was first demonstrated with the silver system to avoid the problems of limited process windows encountered with base metal systems. A number of solid materials capable of selectively etching silicon dioxide at modest temperatures were identified. A paste with silver fluoride was screened onto N-type silicon with 5 ohm cm resistivity. The resulting contact pads had excellent adhesion but were not electrically ohmic. Metallurgically, these contacts have equal or better grain structure as commercial inks fired at the same temperatures.


Over the past years, independent observations have lead to the conclusion that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. The nature of its source is unknown and called "Dark Energy" (DE). Understanding this acceleration of the expansion of the Universe is one of the most compelling challenges of cosmology and fundamental physics. To do so, the equation of state (eos), pressure over the density, of Dark Energy is used. So far the most common dataset used to constrain or reconstruct this eos is Type Ia Supernovae observations, which give us some information up to a redshift of 2 (75% of the Universe lifetime). As shown in Webb et al. [2011b], there is an indication of a spatial variation of the fine structure constant, called alpha, at 4.2 sigma using quasar absorption lines. Although this can be due to some yet undetected systematics. As these observations are made up to a redshift of 4, it is interesting to explore these methods to probe dark energy at high redshift. In this work I will present 3 different approaches to constrain and reconstruct the equation of state of the Dark Energy from observations of the fine structure constant measurements. The first approach is to perform a quantitative analysis to study whether these measurements might distinguish between a freezing and a thawing behavior, which are the 2 categories in which quintessence models are ranged, of the eos. The second approach is to use the observations to constrain parametric characterisations of the equation of state, assuming toy models (like CPL) and quintessence models to study whether the alpha measurements might bring tighter constraints. The last approach is non-parametric, first using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique and then using a Gaussian Process technique to reconstruct either the eos or the variation of alpha. The first approach shows that with the future telescope facilities such as ESPRESSO at the VLT, the accuracy of observations will allow to distinguish between some thawing and freezing models as well as between different freezing models. The second approach shows that current alpha measurements already bring slightly tighter constraints on a dynamical equation of state. Finally, the third approach confirms the result of the first one by showing the spectrographs ESPRESSO


Unfortunately, Cantor was wrong. His notion of transfinite bijection is flawed. Cantor introduced this notion of transfinite bijection as the additional axiom, even though without even realising this. From this error, other errors sprung into the existence. He did all this in the heroic effort to justify the death of infinitesimals, even though he wasn't aware of this either. Cantor went bravely on to defend the established error in higher mathematics before his mentors and peers who banished infinitesimals. Instead, he demonstrated the error of it. He never realised this as well. This paper elucidates this link between Cantor's errors and infinitesimals.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate if the new anaesthesia platform ZEUS (Dräger Medical) allows the induction of anaesthesia with target-controlled inhalation of sevoflurane.

STUDY DESIGN
Prospective clinical study.

PATIENTS
Adult ASA I or II patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia.

METHODS
After preoxygenation during 3 min at 100% oxygen, patients were asked to breathe normally; the target end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was fixed at 4% without priming of the circuit. Sufentanil (target concentration 0.5 ng/ml) was administered 40 s after.

RESULTS
Ten patients (48+/-22 yrs) were included. Sevoflurane was detected in the circuit after 36+/-5 s; the target end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was obtained at 130+/-19 s. Loss of consciousness was observed after 119+/-7 s. The induction was achieved in all patients without any incident.

CONCLUSION
This new anaesthesia system make available the induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane without priming of the circuit.


By SHUOJIA GUO A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-Newark Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Management Written under the direction of Dr. S. Chan Choi And approved by _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________


Purpose – This article aims to advance comprehension of corporate brands via the adoption of identity‐based perspectives of corporate brands. It aims to outline a normative, diagnostic, model of corporate brand management – The AC4ID Test. The origins of the model date back to the late 1990s. The model is predicated on the need to understand the seven identity types forming a corporate brand constellation. The seven corporate brand identity facets are the actual, communicated, conceived, covenanted, cultural, ideal and desired corporate brand identities. As a general but not an absolute rule there should be meaningfully strategic alignment between the corporate brand and other identity modes in the corporate brand constellation. The notion of temporal misalignment is also articulated. Temporal misalignment is important since different identity types inhabit diverse time frames and, sometimes, temporal misalignment can be perilous (it is often a necessary dynamic too). The notion of the identity‐wheel of c...


Brain metastasis is a common and devastating consequence of disease progression in patients with lung cancer.Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) may enhance radiosensitivity by reducing the cells in S phase,reducing angiogenesis of tumor cells,increasing irradiation apoptosis,inhibiting tumor cells proliferation by fractionated irradiation and reducing radiotherapy resistance.The clinical results of radiotherapy combined with EGFR-TKI (such as gefitinib) in treatment of brain metastasis from lung cancer showed higher response rate and longer survival.The toxicities during EGFR-TKI treatments were low,and could be controllable after symptomatic treatment.Administration of EGFR-TKI combined radiotherapy conferred minimum influence on radiotherapy.

Key words:
Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung;  Neoplasm metastasis;  Radiotherapy;  EGFR-TKI


In the Western world, aging is a growing problem of the society and computer assisted treatments can facilitate the telemedicine for old people or it can help in rehabilitations of patients after sport accidents in far locations. Physical exercises play an important role in physiotherapy and RGB-D devices can be utilized to recognize them in order to make interactive computer healthcare applications in the future. A practical model definition is introduced in this paper to recognize different exercises with Asus Xtion camera. One of the contributions is the extendable recognition models to detect other human activities with noisy sensors, but avoiding heavy data collection. The experiments show satisfactory detection performance without any false positives which is unique in the field to the best of the author knowledge. The computational costs are negligible thus the developed models can be suitable for embedded systems.


The Canadian state presents itself as tolerant, anti-colonial and self-critical. Yet, the legal justification for the Crown's acquisition of sovereignty and jurisdiction concerning Indigenous peoples and their lands, relies on the colonial era doctrine of terra nullius which is based on the proposition that Indigenous peoples were sufficiently inferior to enable the Crown to presume that their territories were unoccupied. This paper discusses how the doctrine of terra nullius becomes applied in Canadian law and its limitations as an acceptable proposition at this time in history. It then discusses and evaluates alternatives to that doctrine which have been proposed in various quarters in order to determine the possibilities for the conceptualization and establishment of a political and legal relationship between First Nations and Canada that is post-colonial in its approach and practice. Michael Asch Department of Anthropology and Indigenous Governance Program University of Victoria Victoria (B.C.) Canada V8P 5C2 email@example.com of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0829320100007237 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 18.104.22.168, on 08 Sep 2019 at 05:45:55, subject to the Cambridge Core terms


Dialogue teaching is democratic and equal teaching,pursuing humanization.The relationship between teachers and students is connected and cooperative.In the course of mathematic teaching,the effective strategy is adopted,making the students thought to deep development,maximizing the teaching function of each detail,and thus realizing the aim of class teaching.


Inverter adopts PR controller to realize the control of current without static difference. Taking single-phase full-bridge inverter as the research object, the mathematical model of single-phase grid-connected inverter is analyzed, in order to realize grid-connected inverter. The static control of the output AC current is designed. A PR controller is designed. The current loop simulation model is built by Matlab/Simulink. The results show that the proportional resonance (PR) control can realize the static-free control of the fundamental sinusoidal current.


While visual or tactile image data have been conventionally processed via filters or perceptron-like learning machines, the recent advances of computational topology may make it possible to successfully extract the global features from the local pixelwise data. In fact, some inventive algorithms have succeeded in computing the topological invariants, such as the number of objects or holes and irrespective of the shapes and positions of the touches. However, they are mostly offline algorithms aiming at big data. A real-time algorithm for computing topology is also needed for interactive applications such as touch sensors. Here, we propose a fast algorithm to compute the Euler characteristics of touch shapes by using the Poincare-Hopf index for each pixel. We demonstrate that our simple algorithm, implemented solely as logical operations in Arduino, correctly returns and updates the topological invariants of touches in real time.


An energy efficiency evaluation method of exergy efficiency of integrated energy system considering primary energy permeability is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the input of the integrated energy system data set, an exergy efficiency evaluation model about energy efficiency is established, including the input exergy value model on the energy supply side and the output exergy value model on the energy consumption side. Among them, the input exergy value of external power grid purchase is determined on the basis of the permeability of primary energy, and the output exergy value model of the energy consumption side is considered in the output exergy value of cold, heat, electricity and natural gas load. Then, according to the ratio of the total exergy value of the output on the energy consumption side to the total exergy value of the input on the energy supply side, the exergy efficiency evaluation about energy efficiency are carried out, and the optimal dispatching operation model of exergy efficiency is proposed. Finally, the validity and rationality of the proposed method and model are verified by simulation examples. The proposed method comprehensively considers the two attributes of energy "quantity" and "quality" based on energy quality characteristics and conducts integrated energy system coordinated optimization scheduling from the perspective of exergy efficiency, achieving high-quality utilization of energy, high-efficiency operation of the system, and promotion of new energy consumption.


Migration data collected for periods of differing lengths will yield inconsistent population forecasts, inconsistent multiregional life tables, and alternative interpretations of mobility levels and migration patterns. In this paper, examples are first given to illustrate the effects of migration interval choice on demographic variables. The moverstayer model and its generalizations are discussed in their role as models useful in achieving consistency. It is argued that in addition to theievel of mobility, the geographic pattern of migration flows is also affected by the choice of interval width.


BACKGROUND: Different results have been reported concerning the postoperative outcomes of different surgical approaches for hemorrhoids. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the postoperative outcome following 3 main surgical techniques. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized trial was designed with 180 patients in 3 arms of 60 patients each. SETTINGS: The study was conducted from April 1999 to January 2007 at the University Hospital "Campus Bio-Medico di Roma." PATIENTS: All of the patients who were referred for hemorrhoid surgery were enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria (ISRCTN12040297). INTERVENTIONS: Treatments according to the open, semiclosed, and stapled techniques were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sample size was calculated to determine a difference in terms of the intensity of postoperative pain at the first week and the days required for return to work activity. RESULTS: After 1 week, patients who underwent semiclosed hemorrhoidectomy reported significantly less pain (p < 0.01) and a significant decrease in analgesic intake from the third postoperative day (p < 0.01) than after the other 2 techniques. The patients resumed work ≈11 days after semiclosed and stapled techniques (11.8 and 11.6 days), which was earlier compared with 21.3 days in the open group (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS: The high number of patients excluded might be considered a limitation of the study, but our selection criteria including patients living within 50 km of the hospital allowed for a low rate (9.4%) of patients lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This study found an earlier resumption of work and less pain in patients who underwent the stapled and semiclosed procedures rather than open, which was associated with more complications, particularly because of a higher rate of stenosis (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/DCR/A196).


As there are confusions in comprehending of th e innovation concept i n the field of basic science,the content of innovation is analyzed in the view o f science philosophy.It is thought that,according to the practice of scientific research,science innovation is discovery of fact,invention of method,and origina tion of theory.Analyzed with philosophy,science innovation is also a concept tra nsformation and thought revolution.Therefore,the general meaning of innovation s hould b e comprehended correctly from these two respects.The innovation concepts of scie nce and economics are also compared.


Education assistantship loan is not only an extension of financial service, but also a symbol of alteration in education system from planned economy to socialist market economy. Banks, students and their parents have different understanding on investment features of the education loan, which stands in the way of the supply and the demand and stops them from joining hands. Therefore, the establishment of a modern mentality in investment, consumption and loan is necessary for the borrowers and lenders to attain a unanimous understanding under the principles of market economy. Only by doing this can a virtuous circle be achieved and a gain in both social and economic aspects be earned.


Internal cues such as bone conducted sound (i.e., long signals involving reverberation within the skull) may be beneficial to acoustic source localization in humans. We investigate the potential of bone conduction for human localization in the near field. Following previous work of the authors, we use a conceptual processing model that translates elastic waves conducted and reverberated in a skull-like object into spatial positioning through a time-reversal analysis. The localization accuracy is tested for one and two piezoelectric receivers glued close to the position of the ears, measuring solely the vibrations of the object. The sound source is placed along the azimuthal and sagittal planes for distances to the skull between 5 and 100 cm. We are able to estimate the source position in the near-field (<20cm) with a resolution below the diffraction limit (¼ of a wavelength) for frequencies in the physiological hearing range (~2kHz). We infer that anatomical details of the skull give rise to complex featu...


BM (Boyer-Moore) string matching algorithm and its enhanced versions like BMH and BMHS are a standard benchmark for single pattern string matching. Based on BMH and BMHS algorithms we have developed improved algorithms EBMH(Enhanced BMH)and EBMHS(Enhanced BMHS). These algorithms uses the newly introduced PDJ (possible double jump) and MValue(Match Value) concepts. While searching these concepts helps to provide longer jump of characters. The algorithm EBMH emphasize on BMH algorithm with the inclusion of PDJ and MValue and the algorithm EBMHS emphasize on BMHS algorithm with the inclusion of PDJ and MValue. Through these algorithm the number of comparison of characters between text and pattern are reduced to a significant amount. In this paper PDJ, MValue, EBMH and EBMHS are described and analyzed. Experimental results show that in the algorithms searching time is reduced as compared to BM, BMH, and BMHS. The algorithms are analyzed on the basis of time requirement in best, worst and average case.