The afferent and efferent connections of the ventromedial (VM) nucleus of the thalamus in the rat were studied by experiments using the methods of retrograde cell marking by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and anterograde fiber tracing by autoradiography. Tritiated amino acids deposited microelectrophoretically into VM label a cortical projection that is distributed to a sharply defined superficial portion of layer I of almost the entire extent of the ipsilateral neocortex. The labeling is most dense at frontal cortical levels, where fibers radiate through the deeper layers to terminate in the outer one‐quarter of layer I throughout all neocortex rostral to the genu of the corpus callosum. A lesser number of labeled fibers extends caudally in a supracallosal location to innervate parieto‐occipital cortical areas. Labeled collaterals ascend through the cortical layers to reach layer I, where grains in the superficial portion are found in a gradually decreasing rostrocaudal gradient of density that reaches the caudal pole of the hemisphere. Coronal sections at most levels contain a band of labeling in layer I that extends uninterrupted from the callosal sulcus at the midline to the banks of the rhinal sulcus laterally. Caudal retrosplenial and ventral temporal areas appear to be the only sectors of neocortex spared by the ubiquitous projection. Evidence for additional terminal distribution in deeper layers is found only in the dorsal and lateral sectors of the cortex rostral to the genu where sparsely labeled bands appear in layers III and V. The nearly exclusive distribution of VM's cortical afferents to layer I is compared and contrasted with multilaminar distributions of other "unspecific" cortical afferent fibers.


Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key cellular transformation for many physiological and pathological processes ranging from cancer over wound healing to embryogenesis. Changes in cell migration, cell morphology and cellular contractility were identified as hallmarks of EMT. These cellular properties are known to be tightly regulated by the actin cytoskeleton. EMT-induced changes of actin-cytoskeletal regulation were demonstrated by previous reports of cell-cycle-dependent changes of actin cortex mechanics in conjunction with characteristic modifications of cortex-associated f-actin and myosin. However, at the current state, the changes of upstream actomyosin signalling that lead to corresponding mechanical and compositional changes of the cortex are not well understood. In this work, we show in breast epithelial cancer cells MCF-7 that EMT results in characteristic changes of the cortical signalling of Rho-GTPases Rac1, RhoA and RhoC and downstream actin regulators cofilin, mDia1 and Arp2/3. In the light of our findings, we propose that cell-cycle-dependent EMT-induced changes in cortical mechanics rely on two hitherto unappreciated signalling paths - i) a cell-cycle-dependent interaction between Rac1 and RhoC and ii) an inhibitory effect of Arp2/3 activity on cortical association of myosin II.


According to the statistical theory of polymer chains in Gaussian approximation, their transversal dimensions, characterized by the root-mean-square distances between the chain segments and the straight line connecting the ends of the chain (r2 1/2 = r), do not depend on the end-to-end distance (h). Therefore, the classical rubber-like elasticity theory takes into account only the entropy change (δSh) related to the variation of h. Upon instantaneous deformation, all linear dimensions of the chains are changed, and the establishment of equilibrium involves, in particular, the recovery of initial r. In the real network, the chains, having drawn together after deformation, hinder the completion of the process since they cannot pass through each other. Thus, in an equilibrium deformed network, r does not reach its actual equilibrium value, thus causing the additional entropy change (δSr). δSr and δSh depend on elongation ratios λi in different ways, for h and r change at deformation in a dissimilar manner.

The theory based on these premises describes well the regularities of various types of deformation. In particular, for the nominal stress f at uniaxial tension one gets the formula which is close to the Mooney-Rivlin equation for 0.2 < λ−1 < 0.9. Here C1 is expressed through molecular parameters in the usual way, and K is a constant determined by arrangement of steric obstructions. The same ideas allow us to propose a qualitative explanation for a wide range of regularities found for the equilibrium properties of rubbers.


The Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is designated as a symptom complex characterized by purpura and shock associated with the postmortem findings of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. Karsner 1 states that this syndrome may be caused by the streptococcus, pneumococcus or influenza bacillus. Boger 2 cites a case in which meningococci were demonstrated by direct examination of the peripheral blood smear. He states that this finding has been recorded as occurring only in fatal cases. In this case the pathologist demonstrated meningococci in the smear after repeated examinations. Boger's report would indicate that this is the first surviving patient in whom the meningococcus was demonstrated in the peripheral blood smear. Cosgriff 3 states that with the increasing prevalence of meningococcic meningitis there was an associated rise in the number of cases of the so-called Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome. He cited 4 adult cases seen in the New


"A poetics of the archive" has been preliminarily defined by critics as a poetics of re-collection and re-membering, a poetics in which the so-called proofs are subject to re-vision. The aim of this essay is to elaborate this definition and to argue, referring to Derrida's conceptualization of the archive, that the poetics of the archive is in fact a "process of recording," a poetic mechanism of consigning repeated memory impressions to a mnemotechnical supplement—a recording device. Focusing on the Diasporic Hebrew and Yiddish poet Gabriel Preil, this essay suggests that the process of archivization can be understood in his verse as a metaphor for his Diasporic ruptured self. The recording device in Preil's verse functions as an "interior prosthesis" of memory that allows him to "record" and bring closer voices from distant spaces and different times, to collect impressions of the "ancient," to re-member, to re-arrange the past as well as institute the future in order to re-create and re-produce an inherent structural Diasporic "loss." This essay endeavors to show how this mechanism of the poetics of the archive works, indicating Preil's Diasporic condition and recorded state of affairs: lacking a spontaneous memory or source of identity, existing and writing always already in the second degree. dibur literary journal Issue 3, Fall 2016 Archives: Literary Perspectives on the Intersections Between History and Fiction I am grateful to my advisers Dr. Hanna Soker and Dr. Roy Greenwald, who shared their knowledge and advice, as well as to the anonymous readers, whose remarks contributed to strengthening the essay's argument.


Convergence of technologies in the Internet and the field of Fuzzy expert systems have offered new ways of sharing and distributing knowledge. However, there has been a general lack of research in the area of web-based Fuzzy expert systems (FES). This paper addresses the issues associated with the design, development, and use of webbased FES from a standpoint of the benefits and challenges of developing and using them. The original theory and concepts in conventional FES were reviewed and a knowledge engineering framework for developing them was revisited. Student in an educational place need an educational advisor for solve problems. Some of educational circulars order changing because advisor must update information away. The student's request is linguistic and crisp Expert System can not solve problems completely. In my approach we build Web-Based Fuzzy Expert System for Student Education Advisor (FES-SEA) and stays in university portal. This system implemented with ASP.NET, SQL-SERVER 2005.


Social support is a key component in facilitating initiation and adherence to physical activity, as it may provide increased motivation (Eyler et al., 1999). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a 12-week exercise and balance training program on social support in older adults. Participants (women = 212, men = 81; Mage = 68.3 ±6.42 years) were community dwelling older adults free from neuromuscular conditions. They were randomly assigned to either an exercise group or control group. The exercise group completed a 12-week exercise program, consisting of 3 weekly exercise sessions in accordance with Canadian physical activity guidelines; the control group was instructed to continue their normal activities. Social support was assessed at the beginning and end of 12 weeks. The exercise program was based on social cognitive theory, designed to foster self-efficacy and social support through both peers and student trainers. Two separate repeated-measures ANOVAs were conducted to determine if there were group differences in social support from baseline to follow-up testing. There was a significant group-by-time interaction for both peer social support, F (1, 292)= 11.87, p<0.01 and expert social support, F (1, 292) = 12.65, p<0.01. Paired sample t-tests showed that both peer and expert social support significantly increased in the exercise group, with no change in the control group. These findings indicate that both peers and trainers can be effective at fostering social support in older adults, which may be a simple and inexpensive way to positively impact exercise behaviours in seniors.


The world is witnessing a new digital economic order which may be quantified by the diffusion of information technology and globalization process. The current information technology gap (digital divide) between developed countries and developing countries is huge. Improvements in information technology (measured by the digital opportunity index) usually open up an opportunity for national/regional growth and development. There is a need for scientific investigation on the digital divide, digital opportunity index and their consequences. This paper presents a critical analysis of existing digital divide and its trends, it also investigates the relationship between the digital divide and the digital opportunity index. A mathematical model based on analysis of the growing digital divide is presented as a possible tool for combating and eradicate the digital divide gap which is only possible if developing and poor nations take advantage of the digital opportunities that can transform them into global competitive partners in digital knowledge economy.


Probably there has never been a time when so many people in the whole world have eaten so well. The vast majority in the UK are numbered among them. We fortunate people have a more then adequate intake of food and drink and the harvests of many countries of the world make their contributions to our tables and, let it be added, not only at harvest time but almost continuously throughout the year. As far as we are concerned the situation is very pleasant and satisfying-in more ways than one. It has to be stressed, of course, that this happy state of affairs is the lot of only a limited number of countries. Broadly speaking, the area comprises all of Europe (both West and East but with some reservations about parts of eastern Europe, especially Poland), North America, Australia and New Zealand. In the Brandt Report (Brandt, 1980) the area is designated as 'the North'. In the rest of the world, lumped together in the Brandt Report (Brandt, 1980) as 'the South', things are different. The level of difference varies widely but in the majority of countries large sections of the population are frequently short of food at certain times of the year with consequential hardship and danger to health, especially among the vulnerable groups, i.e. children, pregnant women and nursing mothers. There are in such societies relatively few old people as we understand the term. In the present paper, I am not concerned with the social morality of that situation but it is worth noting that most of the concern for the hungry sections of the world's population comes from the countries of the North and not from the governments of the countries in the South. If you are generous-minded you will explain the apparent lack of concern by saying that the governments of these countries have even larger issues to deal with. If, however, you are cynical-and I have found it easy to become so after living for long periods in such countries-you may think that other factors also play a part. Whatever explanation you favour, the fact must be faced that a problem of real hunger exists for very many people and it stubbornly refuses to go away. In the UK we have access to a lot of information on just how much food is consumed by family groups. The best source is the National Food Survey of household food consumption published quarterly (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1983). The figures for the second quarter of 1982 show that the average expenditure on food bought for consumption in the home was E8.34 per person per week or about E25 for a family of two adults and two children. Table I shows the nutritional value of household food as a percentage of the recommended intakes. Rather surprisingly the figures show a shortfall of energy intake but, with the exception of iron, intake of nutrients is generally above the recommended levels.


In this study, basing on the MOOC "First Aid" course, we use word frequency analysis method and co-word analysis method to establish a knowledge graph. This study is a visible way to explore MOOC instruction optimization. The knowledge graph of the instruction content can help teachers to carry out efficient and clear teaching process review, analysis and improvement. The comparison of the teaching knowledge graph with the student forum knowledge graph can help teachers to reflect on the problems arising from the teaching designs and students' cognitive processes, so as to promote the improvement of teaching contents, strategies and activities.


Urban transport system can not exist without the
infrastructure for pedestrians. The needs of pedestrians should
be considered when designing new roads or reconstruction of
existing roads. Unfortunately, in many cities of Ukraine have
many problems related to sidewalks and other items pedestrian
facilities, so they must be evaluated and reconstructured if
necessary. The focus of this study is to show the existing
methods of assessing the level of comfort of pedestrians
successfully used worldwide.


In the current scenario many women are subjected to surgery for various reasons which includes gynaecological and obstetric causes. The effect of major surgeries has an impact on the post-operative recovery and life style. One of the major effects of surgery is on the incision and wound healing. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), defines Surgical site infection (SSI) as an infection occurring within thirty ABSTRACT


Abstract Objectives This study intends to evaluate prenatal screening risk assessment performance based on biological variation to help clinical laboratories realize their own screening performance and set the appropriate performance specifications for prenatal screening risk assessment in China. Methods Fifteen samples with detailed clinical information were distributed to participants and the prenatal screening Down syndrome risk assessment of each sample were submitted. Three levels of performance specification (optimum, desirable, minimum) derived from biological variation were used to evaluate laboratory prenatal screening risk assessment performance. Results A total of 797 laboratories participated in the survey project. There are 216 laboratories using serological double-marker test and 581 laboratories using serological triple-marker test. For each screening protocol, more than 92.00% laboratories meet minimum performance specifications, more than 84.00% laboratories meet desirable performance specifications, and only about 62.50%laboratories meet optimum performance specifications. The Feltz and Miller test indicated that there were no significant statistical differences in the RCV for double-marker screening in 5 platforms and triple-marker screening in 6 platforms. Conclusions The risk assessment of prenatal screening in the second trimester in China can be improved further. It is appropriate to choose desirable performance specifications for external quality assurance organizations to evaluate the risk assessment performance.


Philosophic aspects of net technologies usage and the reflection of emerging risks associated with it are considered. The author studies the influence of such notions as social networks, Internet, and virtual reality on the formation of personality and interpersonal communication in the modern network society. The influence of the global network, Internet, on the material and spiritual culture of man is described in detail. On the example of the "smart mobs" phenomenon and formation of the "digital human" is shown an increasing virtualization of social relations and consciousness of people, which leads to a number of global issues that require philosophical understanding.


Coupling of side chain dynamics over long distances is an important component of allostery. Methionine side chains show the largest intrinsic flexibility among methyl‐containing residues but the actual degree of conformational averaging depends on the proximity and mobility of neighboring residues. The 13C NMR chemical shifts of the methyl groups of methionine residues located at long distances in the same protein show a similar scaling with respect to the values predicted from the static X‐ray structure by quantum methods. This results in a good linear correlation between calculated and observed chemical shifts. The slope is protein dependent and ranges from zero for the highly flexible calmodulin to 0.7 for the much more rigid calcineurin catalytic domain. The linear correlation is indicative of a similar level of side‐chain conformational averaging over long distances, and the slope of the correlation line can be interpreted as an order parameter of the global side‐chain flexibility.


Abstract Taking benefit of optical fibers' wide bandwidth and low attenuation, research and development were conducted in order to apply fiber optics to public telecommunications' networks mainly for long-distance and large-capacity transmissions. However, application of fiber has rapidly spread toward cornrnunication networks having relatively short transmission distances (within several kilometers) such as local area networks (LAN) and computer networks. Thus, requirements for the fiber optic transmitters and receivers used as electro-optic transducers, such as small-size, low-price, high-reliability and low-supply voltage operations, become stricter than those of the public telecommunication network.


. Science and technology and finance has become the core factor of promoting economic development. This paper selects nine cities in Fujian province 2004-2013 annual expenditure of R&D funds, the amount of patent applications, the full time equivalent of R&D personnel and financial development level of the annual data. We construct the panel vector autoregressive model to analyze the interaction between science and technology and finance in Fujian Province, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures for the integration of science and technology and finance in Fujian Province.


The review of S. Shargunov's Kataev. In Pursuit of Eternal Spring [Kataev. V pogone za vechnoy vesnoy], opens with a description of the book's history and structure. The reviewer specifies the biographer's take on its hero and traces their spiritual and creative similarities in an attempt to explain why S. Shargunov chooses to depict V. Kataev as a 'first-rate' and unjustly forgotten writer. The review also takes a look at the biographer's style and assessment of the turning points in Kataev's life and legacy. The book covers the writer's role in the development of the Odessa school of writing in the 1910s–1920s, the young writers' group centered around Kataev-managed journal Yunost in the 1960s, and the novel My Diamond Crown [Almazniy moy venets], which, published in 1978, provoked a serious debate. In the conclusion, author enumerates the discoveries made by the biographer, and notes the researcher's interest in history perceived through people.


The chemical structures of three serratane type triterpenoids isolated from the moss Homalia trichomanoides (Hedw) B S G were elucidated as 3α-methoxyserrat-14-en-21β-ol (1), 3β-methoxy-serrat-14-en-21β-ol (2) and 3β-methoxyserrat-14-en-21-one (3) Their ~1H and ~13C chemical shifts were assigned using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy (including ~1H-~1H COSY, HMQC and HMBC) Stereochemistry of C-3 for the three compounds and that of C-21 for compounds 1 and 2 were determined by coupling patterns in the ~1H NMR spectra


The invention discloses a single-branch-chain-closed-ring-containing moving chain and provides a three-horizontal-moving parallel mechanism which uses horizontal moving as driving, and tail end output of the parallel mechanism is three horizontal moving. The mechanism comprises a fixed platform (1), three moving branch chains and a movable platform (9). The three moving branch chains are the same in structure. A single moving branch chain comprises a horizontal-moving driving joint (2) and a closed ring moving chain (4), wherein each closed ring moving chain is formed by hooke hinges (3) and (4) and rotating pairs (6), (7) and (8) in a series-connecting mode, and the rotating axes of the rotating pairs (6) and (8) are parallel and are perpendicular to the axis of the rotating pair (7). The head and the tail of each moving branch chain are connected with the fixed platform (1) and the movable platform (9). According to the mechanism, three horizontal moving is used as input, and the tail end achieves three-horizontal-moving output. The mechanism has the advantages of being simple in structure, good in rigidness, flexible in moving and the like, and the mechanism can be used in fields such as machine tool body designing and robot body designing.


ABSTRACT (2017-404) Long-term challenges for the oil spill response industry include spills occurring in the open ocean or ice-infested waters, as well as spills of heavy oil. Historically, only a ...


AThis paper presents income poverty and inequality estimates at the State and Municipal levels for Mexico. Our estimates allow for the mapping of poverty and inequality in the country, as well as for determining the specific contribution of each geographic unit to overall poverty. Additionally, it allows to measure inequality in disaggregated geographic spaces, and to decompose inequality in terms of the proportion due to within and between States and Municipalities. Our estimates are based on robust household income measures, generated with methodologies that allow for solving the common dilemma in welfare measurement, namely that there is either information with low quality measurement but high possibilities of disaggregation, or information with high quality measurement but representative only at aggregated levels.


: We report a method for the selective a , b -dehydro-genation of amides in the presence of other carbonyl moieties under mild conditions. Our strategy relies on electrophilic activation coupled to in situ selective selenium-mediated dehydrogenation. The a , b -unsaturated products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields, and their synthetic versatility was demonstrated by a range of transformations. Mechanistic experiments suggest formation of an electrophilic Se IV species. of me 4b), we generated a mixture of 6 and 4a . This further suggests that an electrophilic, oxidized selenium species (likely the mixed anhydride) plays some role in the reaction, but also emphasizes that DMP is important, either to oxidise 6 to 4a , or to trap and re-oxidise species 18 and lower-oxidation-state selenium species. [29] We speculate that the modest efficiency of the reaction in Scheme 4c indicates the major role of the DMP to be a secondary oxidant of species 18 , which avoids side reactions of the keteniminium intermediate 15 with lower-oxidation-state selenium species. In conclusion, we have reported a novel method for the synthesis of a , b -unsaturated amides from the corresponding saturated amide starting materials. The reaction proceeds by electrophilic activation followed by a unique selenium-mediated dehydrogenation. This process conveys good functional group tolerance and, significantly, enables the desaturation of amides in the presence of esters, ketones, and nitriles. We also applied this method to the synthesis of the natural product piperine. Current experiments allude to a mechanism that involves attack onto an electrophilic Se IV species. Further investigations in this direction are underway in our laboratory and will be reported in due course.


The goal of the present study was to examine the effects of cuing and task interruptions on change detection within dynamic scenes. Undergraduate students watched 24 brief videos (12 containing interruptions) for anomalous feature changes appearing in 8 videos. Half of the object changes occurred during a visual occlusion, while the others contained no interruption. All videos were unique and depicted various dynamic scenes. Participants were assigned at random to one of three conditions containing cues to the changes (reliable, unreliable, or no cue). The results showed that more object changes were detected during uninterrupted vs. interrupted trials. More object changes were detected with reliable vs. unreliable cues for uninterrupted trials. Providing reliable cues had no benefit over the other conditions when interruptions were present. Overall, these results suggest that visual interruptions may degrade information stored in memory, which could compromise visual monitoring tasks.


We introduce the notion of Lyapunov exponents for random dynamical systems, conditioned to trajectories that stay within a bounded domain for asymptotically long times. This is motivated by the desire to characterize local dynamical properties in the presence of unbounded noise (when almost all trajectories are unbounded). We illustrate its use in the analysis of local bifurcations in this context. The theory of conditioned Lyapunov exponents of stochastic differential equations builds on the stochastic analysis of quasi-stationary distributions for killed processes and associated quasi-ergodic distributions. We show that conditioned Lyapunov exponents describe the local stability behaviour of trajectories that remain within a bounded domain and - in particular - that negative conditioned Lyapunov exponents imply local synchronisation. Furthermore, a conditioned dichotomy spectrum is introduced and its main characteristics are established.


Land abandonment is increasing as human impacts on the globe intensify and various ecological, social, and economic factors conspire to halt agricultural processes and other forms of land management. The ?old fields? that result from abandonment have been studied extensively, yet few attempts have been made to investigate the new concepts for describing the dynamics of old fields. This volume presents a sound conceptual framework, with discussion of the socio-economic causes of land abandonment, skillfully linked with case studies from around the globe.


A number of regional mountain agreements are currently being negotiated. The 1991 Alpine Convention is often presented as the only model of international framework for a mountain range and the 2003 Carpathian Convention follows roughly the same model. However, there is at least one alternative model that is frequently ignored by scholars and practitioners alike: the 1969 Andean Community. First, this paper questions environmental regionalism, presenting it as an ideology and putting it under critical and historical perspective. Then, it compares the cases of both the Alpine Convention and the Andean Community. This paper suggests that the Andean Community may be a concurrent model for mountain agreements, especially in developing countries and conflict zones such as the Balkans, the Caucasus, or the Himalayas. These cases also contribute to a better understanding of environmental regionalism.


The first scientific forum «Genetic Resources of Russia» took place in Saint Petersburg on 21-24 June 2022. The Forum brought together more than 500 specialists from more than 100 research institutions and universities of the Russian Federation. A round table «Regulations and standards of work with bio-resource collections» was organized within the framework of the Forum in connection with the relevance to create the legislation base for the work with biological collections and regulation of the activities of bioresource centres in the Russian Federation. This publication presents the outcomes of the Forum and its resolution relating to the legal regulation of biological collections.


The cyclopentanoid C9-terpene lactones, onikulactone (7) and mitsugashiwalactone (8) have been synthesized by a novel intramolecular cyclization of a carbonate ester of cyclopentadienylethanol (2), followed by methylation and hydrogenation.


The invention discloses an electrocardiogram R wave detection method. The method comprises the following steps: filtering an input electrocardiogram signal by a band pass filter, and performing phase compensation; performing differential processing; performing data reduction on a differential signal by adopting linear variation; performing Shannon energy conversion by using a formula d(n)*d(n)*log(d(n)*d(n)); filtering by using an average filter, and performing phase compensation; detecting a maximum point and a minimum point, eliminating a fault R point, and correcting a falsely eliminated point to obtain a position of approximate R wave; and searching the position of true R in a range of periphery of the position of the approximate R wave +/- 25 points. By using the method, the problems of time delay and asystole detection unavailability in the conventional R wave detection method can be solved, and the method can be used for analyzing real-time electrocardiogram to reduce time delay and reduce required memory space, so that the accuracy rate is improved.


A comparing study is done for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM) with different pole and slot combinations. The effect on winding factor, electromagnetic torque components, salient ratio, cogging torque and torque ripple for different pole and slot combinations are calculated. The characteristics of torque performance, losses and demagnetizing ability for different slots per pole and per phase are analyzed. To take the 12-slot-10-pole motor for example, the D,Q axis inductance vs. current, the torque vs. angle curve and electromagnetic torque are simulated using finite element analysis (FEA).The prototype was made and experiments were tested. The experiment results and simulate analysis are good agreements. The conclusions are good design references for multi-pole concentrated winding interior permanent magnet synchronous motor.


Comparative analysis of the specific activities of various batches of Hep-A-in-Vac vaccine showed that the immunologic efficacy of the agent directly depended on the content of hepatitis A virus antigen in the vaccine dose. The results of studying the immunogenicity of the agent on volunteers are compatible with the results of experimental studies and indicate that the test of guinea pigs adequately assesses this characteristic. Assessment of the immunogenic properties of Hep-A-in-Vac prepared using improved technology indicates that Russian vaccine injected three times in a dose containing at least 40 U EIA ensures 87.5% seroconversion in adult seronegative volunteers with the mean geometrical titer of antibodies to hepatitis A virus equal to 683 mIU/ml.


A single frame phase-shifting speckle-interferometer for quantitative measurements of out-of-plane-deformations is presented. Using a diffractive optical element, six phase- shifted interference patterns are generated and stored within the frame time of a single CCD-camera.


The late tenth/early eleventh century saw several Muslim attacks in Catalan lands, including one in 1006 that destroyed the episcopal see of Roda d'Isàvena in Ribagorça. It took the canons over two decades to restore the pillaged see and in 1030 the new cathedral was dedicated to St Vincent. The restoration also saw the compilation of a lectionary for the canonical library which contains the earliest, and previously unrecognized, Catalan testimony of the Beirut Legend – a narrative on the miracles of the icon of Christ (Passio Imaginis Domini) that led to the conversion and baptism of the Jews of Beirut. Exploring this new hagiographical testimony, this article seeks to contextualize the Roda narrative of the Beirut Legend in order to demonstrate a new interpretation of the original text in the multi‐religious and multi‐ethnic border society of the Iberian Peninsula.


Being higher in ductility than cement concrete and excellent in responsivity to the deformation of the dam body, asphalt concrete is applied for sealing of earth dams and rock filled dams. In Japan, since the introduction of asphalt facing technology from Germany in the latter half of the 1960s, this technology has been field proven at more than 10 high-dams (dam height: 15 m or more) and at many other places including mediumand small-scale storage reservoirs. The earth dam with asphalt surface shielding, i.e., one of the high-dams, located in Shizuoka Prefecture was struck by a medium-scale earthquake about 25 years after the start of its operation and suffered damage mostly by cracking regarded as the cause of this earthquake. For repair work of the asphalt facing, an asphalt concrete having deformation responsivity able to cope with large-scale earthquakes was called for. Therefore, we developed a high-ductility modified asphalt and applied it in the repair work for this dam.As compared with straight asphalt, the developed modified asphalt is 1/4 to 1/10 in stiffness (S value) by BBR tests, twice in m-value and excellent in deformation responsivity and stress relaxing capability. Moreover, according to the results of unconfined compression tests and flexural tests, the asphalt concrete with developed asphalt shows a fracture strain about 4-7 times as great as that of the conventional asphalt concrete, which shows that the developed asphalt has a high ductility.


With the election of Donald Trump as President of the United States of America, it appears likely that the initiation of mitigation of human-caused Global-Warming/Climate-Change will be delayed many years. Accordingly, here we calculate the Emission Phaseout Duration, D = YE - YS, where YS and YE are the Start and End Years of the emissions reduction, for YS = 2020, 2025 and 2030, and maximum Global Warming targets, ΔTmax = 2.0°C, 1.9°C, 1.8°C, 1.7°C, 1.6°C and 1.5°C. The 2.0°C and 1.5°C maxima are the "Hard" and "Aspirational" targets of the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement. We find that D decreases with increasing YS from 2020, and with decreasing ΔTmax. In particular, D decreases from: 1) 76 years for YS = 2020 to 53 years for YS = 2030 for ΔTmax = 2.0°C, and 2) 34 years for YS = 2020 to 7 years for YS = 2030 for ΔTmax = 1.5°C. Thus, delaying the initiation of the phaseout of greenhouse-gas emissions from 2020 to 2030 makes it more difficult to achieve ΔTmax = 2.0°C and impossible to achieve ΔTmax = 1.5°C.


The structures of four kinds of electrochemical CO sensors in current use are introduced.The four types include the single chip microcomputer,solid polymer electrolyte,metal oxide semiconductor and catalytic combustion.An overview of the recent researches of the four sensors is given.The characteristics and advantages of various CO sensors are discussed in detail.The study is of great significance for the research and development of new CO sensors.


a fairly normal appearance. The body measures 7' 1%" in height. This reduction of 13%" is mainly due to a loss in thickness of both the intervertebral discs and the articular fibrocartilage of the lower limbs to a point where, on radiographie examination, they are no longer evident.


The application of excessive amounts of nitrogen fertilizer in dryland habitats continues to result in an increase in the amount of residual nitrate found in dryland soil profiles in the southern Loess Plateau of north central China. Efforts to use this resource have attracted considerable attention. A two-year field experiment was conducted in the southern Loess Plateau to investigate and compare how residual soil nitrate is used in winter wheat and alfalfa fields. Crops of alfalfa and winter wheat were grown in fields with six levels of residual soil nitrate,measured as the accumulated nitrate at soil depths of 0—3 m,with continuous alfalfa and wheat-summer fallow-wheat systems. Both crops exhibited similar yet different changes in the levels of residual soil nitrate during the two year study without the application of additional nitrogen fertilizer.During the first wheat growing season,soil nitrate at a depth of 0—3 m decreased by 42% —66% in the wheat fields while it decreased by 41% —73% in the alfalfa fields,compared with N levels before sowing. N uptake( 63. 9—130. 3 kg /hm2),the proportion of N uptake from the total residual soil nitrate prior to crop sowing( 18%—27%),and the proportion of N uptake from soil nitrate reduction( 29% —62%) was much higher for winter wheat than for alfalfa. The apparent reduction of soil nitrate in the upper 0—3 m of soil in the wheat field( 62. 1—317. 1 kg /hm2) was lower than that in the alfalfa field( 95. 0—614. 1 kg /hm2). During the second wheat growing season,N uptake of alfalfa was 593.8 kg/hm2,six times higher than the N uptake of wheat. However,residual soil nitrate in the alfalfa treatments increased as a result of strong N fixation by alfalfa. Compared with the N levels prior to crop sowing,the residual soil nitrate in the alfalfa field declined by 72. 4 kg /hm2 while it declined by 158. 3 kg /hm2 in the wheat field after two growing seasons. These results indicate that winter wheat used more residual soil nitrate than alfalfa during the two year study. If the goal is to reduce residual soil nitrate levels,winter wheat has the advantage of reducing nitrate levels faster than does alfalfa in a short period of time.During the first wheat growth season,N uptake by wheat had a significant positive correlation to the levels of residual soil nitrate at a depth of 0—2 m( r = 0. 920**) and 0—3 m( r=0.857*) while it had no significant correlation to residual soil nitrate at depths of 0—1 m. On the contrary,N uptake by alfalfa had a significant positive correlation to residual soil nitrate at a depth of 0—1 m( r = 0. 846*) prior to alfalfa sowing while it was not significantly correlated to residual soil nitrate at depths of 0—2 m and 0—3 m. These results indicate that residual nitrate in deeper soil contributed more to winter wheat N uptake when compared to N uptake by alfalfa.The uptake of N by both wheat and alfalfa was significantly positively correlated to the levels of residual nitrate in the soil at depths of 0—3 m prior to the first season of wheat sowing. However,with higher initial soil nitrate levels,the apparent loss of N also increased. These results suggest that with increased levels of residual nitrate in the soil,crops were able to increase their uptake of soil N,resulting in the removal of higher amounts of N by the crops while higher amounts of N are lost from soil profile.


There is growing interest in using instrumented indentation to characterize mechanical properties of soft materials, including tissue properties related to damage and disease. However, sample surface detection has been a major challenge. The multi-indent approach (MIA) is a novel method to indirectly detect the surface using data from multiple indents to determine the preload-induced indentation depth. Elastic modulus and shear modulus determined by MIA were equivalent to bulk measurements for 19 and 49 kPa gels. However, the traditional Oliver–Pharr approach significantly overestimated these properties. MIA is also important to accurate characterization of poroelastic properties and allows for much smaller probes and indentation depths to be used for all measurements. This is particularly important for poroelasticity, where the relaxation time scales with the size of the indenter. The novel approach helps to resolve the long-standing challenge of surface detection and has the potential to broaden the use of instrumented indentation for soft materials.


The WHO likes to encourage support for active old age, which it sees as a state in which old people habe optimized their opportunities and the European Union has adopted a similar approach in its Healthy Ageing action pla,. Success in old age viewed from these convergent perspectives becomes a question requiring evaluation, for both the collective and the private realms. But we want to go back to the starting notion of "ageing well", and propose a questioning based on the whishes of old people themselves.


Soil scientists have described petrocalcic soil horizons, commonly referred to as caliche, from the southwestern United States for quite some time. Caliche normally occurs in semi-arid climates where evapotranspiration exceeds rainfall. In more arid climates, the repeated process of illuviation and precipitation of CaCO3 forms subsurface accumulations of CaCO3 or other carbonates. To the authors' knowledge, petrocalcic soil horizons have not been reported in the southeastern United States, quite probably because environmental conditions are not normally favorable for such development. While soil scientists may not have been aware of petrocalcic horizons in the southeastern United States, archaeologists have noted their presence for some time. They are usually found within specific sites called middens, which are generally refuse piles, deposited by Native Americans. Many of these middens contain large quantities of shells, in addition to bones of various mammals, birds, fish and turtles, ceramic vessel fragments and lithic tool-making byproducts. The Lewis Camp Mound (08 Je00182) is one such midden, composed primarily of apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) shell material, with lesser amounts of banded mystery snail (Viviparus georgianus), freshwater mussel (e.g., Elliptio spp.), and several saltwater species including oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and great ark (Dinocardum robustus). The site was initially investigated in the summer of 1999, at which time the petrocalcic horizon was thought to have been the underlying bedrock. Subsequent fieldwork, conducted in September 2003 and in June 2006, has added to our knowledge of the age of the site, and provided insights into the formational processes which have occurred. This paper will discuss several explanations archaeologists have suggested for the formation of petrocalcic layers in middens, as well as the age and cultural occupations relating to the Lewis Camp Mound.


Abstract An outbreak of an influenza-like syndrome occurred in a Massachusetts textile mill producing imitation crushed velvet. The production process included the application of a fluorocarbon pol...


The article deals with the features of urban area sustainable development using the case of Ekaterinburg city. Preserving historical and cultural heritage is considered to be one of the main aspects towards the modernization of urban environment under the policy of sustainable urban development. The article analyzes urban fabric of the historic center, elements of "framework", «fabric» and «plasma» of the quarters in question. Factors influencing the sustainability of architectural and planning structure of historic quarters of Ekaterinburg city are identified as well.


Fault Location, Isolation and System Restoration (FLISR) mechanisms allow for rapid restoration of power to customers that are not directly implicated by distribution network failures. However, depending on where the logic for the FLISR system is located, deployment may have security implications for the distribution network. This paper discusses alternative FLISR placements in terms of cyber security considerations, concluding that there is a case for both local and centralized FLISR solutions.


Objective To study the characteristic of scores of child behavioral checklist(CBCL) among children aged 4~6 years in Hefei city. Methods Parents of 416 male children and 431 female children by stratificd sample were asked to fill in the children psychological and behavioral questionnaire. Results The total scores of CBCL in male were significantly higher than those of female; among single ltems of CBCL, the 28 items of which male's scores were higher than those of female, and the 6 items of which male's scores were lower than those of female; for the sub-scales of depression andinsult, the cutpoint scores of which male's scores in Hefei were higher than those of norm in China, also for sub-scales of anxiety and social withdrawal, the cut-point scores of which female's scores in Hefei were higher than those of norm in China.Conclusion There were significant difference on scores of CBCL between gender, such difference show the extraversion behavior in the male and intraversion behavior in the female, more studies may be performed on the reasons of the high cutpoint scores in some sub-scales.


OpenOffice.org is a leading open-source office software suite. It features word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, graphics and databases. It is available for all major operating systems. This book provides a how-to approach to using Impress, which is Apache OpenOffice.org's presentation application. The book details how to create create a presentation and use slide transitions and animations in your presentations. OpenOffice.org 3.4: Using Impress is the sixth book in Professor Steinberg's Using Apache OpenOffice.org series.


The main target of companies is to earn money and achieve profit. In order to fulfil these needs, companies have to reduce their costs. Cost reduction is often associated with bad quality products, but it could be done in a different way. Sometimes it is enough to examine only their own processes and then benefit from the process optimization, process improvement or process scheduling. In this article a case study is presented, in which the differences in a production scheduling are evaluated with the application of Monte-Carlo simulation and descriptive statistics. At the end of the paper the most efficient material sequence is selected at the manufacturing company by using weighted sum model


The purpose of this paper is to seek for some instructive references by way of cross-Pacific reviewing and comparing: (ⅰ) the debate in the United States over the abolition of the federal estate tax under the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act in 2001 and (ⅱ) the introduction of so-called catch-all clause in the Korean Inheritance and Gift Tax Act in 2003. It looks clear that both the above issues are not easily solved because in each of the issues the confronting positions have equipped their longstanding economic and ideological bases in terms of the tax theory. Notwithstanding, some conclusions might be derived through the working by this paper as follows: In light of the debate in the U.S. over the abolition of the estate tax, it seems very obscure that the transfer taxes, i.e, the estate tax and gift tax, are essential to secure both the horizontal equity by redistribution of wealth and the revenue facility in spite of their modern nature of steep progressivity. To state more clearly, we need to do more economical and empirical analysis and to review much more whether the ideological goal is sound and reasonable. Through this job, we can find the right way to achieve a higher level of horizontal equity and efficiency simultaneously, and also catch up with the global trend in the area of transfer taxation. As a starting point, I propose to change the incomplete form of the current estate tax system in Korea to the complete form of inheritance tax system as Germany does. In case of the introduction of the catch-all clause in the Korean Gift Tax, there exists a substantial obstacle for the clause to overcome the judicial review over the constitutionality arising from the rule of law in the area of taxation. Given the recent attitude of the Korean Constitution Court on the subject issue, I expect the clause to survive the judicial review eventually. Nevertheless, in my opinion, from the standpoint of the logical and unified implementation of the transfer taxation, it is desirable that the current gift tax system under which certain type of capital gains are taxed be changed to the pure transfer taxation system excluding such capital gains to which the income tax is applied.


For the frequency-division-multiple-access-frequency-shift-keying (FDMA-FSK) network, the FSK signal is converted to amplitude-shift-keyed (ASK) format by a tunable fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) filter that acts simultaneously as a demodulator and demultiplexer. Frequency-tunable two-electrode distributed-feedback (DFB) laser transmitters produce distorted FSK spectra due to nonuniform FM response for modulation frequencies above approximately 200 Mb/s. The frequency-domain properties of the laser are related directly to the time-domain properties of the transmitted data stream. The critical dependence on the FFP passband width and center frequency location for undistorted signal recovery is shown. By optimizing these parameters, the data transmission rate can be increased while keeping the power penalty due to signal distortion below 1 dB.<<ETX>>


Alkali-soluble styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers (SMA) were found to be sizing agents on unbleached Douglas-fir kraft pulp and unbleached thermomechanical pulp (TMP) when used with ferrous chloride or alum as mordants. Three SMAs with different molecular weights and maleic anhydride contents were tested as internal agents for both bleached and unbleached pulps. All three polymers gave good sizing to the unbleached pulps. None showed any significant sizing effect on bleached pulps. No dependence upon polymer molecular weight or maleic anhydride content was observed. Rosin sizing showed approximately the same breaking length and burst index regardless of mordant. SMA sized unbleached Douglas-fir kraft pulp with ferrous chloride or alum as mordant gave inceases of 49-59% in breaking length and 51-65% in burst index when compared to rosin sized paper at the same conditions. Brightness was greatly decreased when ferrous chloride was used as mordant. Application : SMA copolymers show considerable potential as high strengh internal sizing agents for paper.


T HE nearly complete restitution of motor function tha t is observed in a wide range of experimental animals including rodents) 7 carnivores) and primates ~~ following lateral hemisection of the spinal cord has prompted s tudy of the mechanisms and pathways tha t are responsible. Two major features of this recovery remain obscure. First, what motor fibers are involved? The corticospinal t ract and reticulospinal and propriospinal system represent two possible and not necessarily mutual ly exclusive ways in which efferent impulses m a y be carried to the limbs ipsilateral to the hemisection. Second, does the functional connection between the sides of the cord take place between each segment or at one specific location? Met t ler 14 has approached these problems by performing cervical hemisections and allowing recovery to take place. Cortical ablations were then performed on the side contralateral to the cord lesion. A hcmiparesis contralateral to the cortical lesion and on the same side as the cord lesion was at t r ibuted to late crossing pyramidal fibers. Lassek and Anderson's 1~ investigation was based upon crossed hemisection in 7 Macaca mulatta, of which none showed significant recovery. In the present s tudy crossed hcmisection, i.e. left lateral section a t one level and right lateral section a t another, were made in a series of 19 cats, 7 of whom showed considerable restitution of motor function (Figs. 1 and $). This paper reports these results and their Fin. 1. E5 shown walking on to a ledge. Some atrophy of the extremities is apparent.


The Duke of Richmond and Gordon's salmon fishings on the Spey extend on both sides of the river from the Boat o' Brig, where the Highland Railway crosses the stream between Keith and Elgin, to the sea, a distance of about nine miles. The river here varies in breadth from 50 to 140 yards, and in depth from 2 feet, where the stream is broad, to about 10 or 12 in some of the pools. Its course is rapid, the fall being about 16 feet to the mile, and its volume is quickly increased when there is much rain, or when snow melts in the Monadhliadh and Grampian Mountains. There are many excellent pools for salmon fishing with the rod on the Gordon Castle water, and in them large numbers of fish are usually taken with the fly every year during the month of September and the first half of October.


Hospital acquired infections present current medical, social and economic problems. Due to the wide usage of modern and minimally invasive technologies, risk evaluation of contamination is of special interest. For example, whereas ultrasound testing has become a routine process in obstetrics and gynecology, probable hospital acquired infections causes, factors and ways are still poorly studied. This research has been performed as the available literature review has no information about skin microbial landscape under ultrasound testing in obstetrics and gynecology. The result of this study showed the need to solve the following problem preventing contamination of clinically relevant microorganisms patients. The optimal solution of this problem may be the use of disposable latex cover for a surface ultrasound probe.


A servo testing machine assembled with scanning electronic microscope was used to observe rock samples under in-situ tension conditions and the real-time SEM images of sample surface was captured during the deformation and failure process of rock samples.An algorithm was proposed by combining the interpolation of sub-pixel and the interpolation of correlation coefficient so as to improve the search efficiency and calculation accuracy.The micro deformations of rocks were calculated by an own developed DSCM programming based on the SEM images.The calculation results from the software were compared with the results from the experiments and have been validated.It was concluded that the deformation of rocks is obviously nonuniform.Although the sample is under tension conditions in the overall,compression would appear in some local zone due to stress concentration and damage softening.With the increasing of load,damage becomes more severe and induces ultimate failure.


The wirte makes careful analysis of dialectical relationship between the development of human resources and all-round construction of well off society,On the basis of it,Aimring at the main problems existed in developing the human resource in process of construction of our well off society,he puts forward the correspondent tactics in developing human resources.


s of Papers and Posters presented at the MSA Annual Meeting Held in Conjunction with the AIBS, August 3-7,1997, Palais des Congres de Montreal, Montreal, Canada. D.K. AANEN*t, Th. W. KUYPER and RF. HOEKSTRAt Biologisch Station, Kampsweg 27, 9418 PD, Wijster, The Netherlands, t Dpt. of Genetics, Dreyenlaan 2,6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands. Reproductive isolation in the genus Hebeloma. The genus Hebeloma (hngi, Basidiomycetes) forms ectomycorrhizas with many different tree species in a wide range of ecological communities. There exist many intercompatibility groups ('biological species') within the genus. Many of these biological species are very closely related, as appears from molecular and morphological data. In the traditional concept of allopatric formation of biological species reproductive isolation develops as a byproduct of divergence by separation. For fungi it has been suggested that it may be the other way 'round: divergence arises after the development of reproductive isolation, which can be oligogenic in Basidiomycetes. To test this hypothesis we compare data on interfertility, phylogeny, ecology and geography forclosely related species, that are partially reproductively isolated (incipient speciation?). Firstly, we have found 2 closely related groups that are almost completely reproductively isolated. One of the two groups comes from the Swiss Alps above 2000 meters and grows with Salk retusa and Dryas octopetala. The other group has been found in the Nether-lands, growing with other Salk species and Populus. Within the groups there is complete interfertility, between the groups fertility is very limited, although one individual from the Alpine zone is interfertile with all members of both groups! Secondly, a case where partial interfertility occurs with substantial molecular diver-gence has been noted in a 'species', that does not show ecological differentiation. These phenomena will be discussed together with data on ecological specialisation, gene flow and divergence. C.ACEVEDO*, P. BAYMAN, M. RABELO, and Z. BAEZ-ORTIZ, Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR. 00923. Marine endophytic fungi from red and brown algae. Reports of marine endophytic fungi in algae are scarce, especially from the Caribbean. In this study we surveyed red and brown algae from different coastal areas around Puerto Rico. The algae were collected from shallow reefs at depths of less than two feet, adhered to rocks or sand. Five endophytic deuteromycetes and one ascomycete were found in the red algae Liagora, Acanthophora, Gelidiella, and in the brown algae Sargassum and Dictyota. Fungal-algal relationships and the potential of the marine fungi for bioremediation are discussed. Y. AHN* and C. A. LEVESQUE. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Summerland, B.C. Canada VOH 1ZO. A study of two morphological types of Physalospora vaccinii using molecular and morphological characters. Physalospora vaccinii, the causal agent of blotch rot of cranberry, has been reported as two morphologically different types, distinguished by dark or white colony on potato dextrose agar. However, the taxonomic identity of the two morphological types of P. vaccinii has not been clarified. We present here a molecular and morphological evaluation of the two types. The two morphological types were obtained from various fungal collections and were frequently isolated from cranberry fruits in British Columbia. The first 600 b.p. of the nuclear large ribosomal subunit and the entire internal transcribed spacer region (ITS I and I1 including 5.8s gene) have been sequenced from five isolates of each morphological type. There is little variation in the sequences of the large ribosomal subunit among the isolates. Parsimony analysis using ITS sequences revealed that white isolates were clearly separated from dark ones. Bootstrap and decay analyses strongly supported the separation of the white from the dark isolates. The morphology of the medial section of ascocarps and the centrum structures were studied. The ornamentation of ascospores was examined using SEM. Morphological characters support the results of molecular analysis. Therefore, based on molecular and morphologicaldata as well as comparison to other type specimens, the dark colony is confirmed as P. vaccinii and the white colony is proposed to be a new species in the same genus. M.C. AIME* and O.K. MILLER, Jr. Department of Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, U.S.A. Studies on Crepidotus, Melanotus, and their allies. Cultural characteristics, mating systems, and morphological studies of several species of Crepidotus, Melanotus and Tubaria have been carried out in order to investieate current svstematic treatments of " the Crepidotoid fungi. Successful single spore isolation and mating systems for three species of Crepidotus are reported for the first time. Pure cultures of C. nephrode produced arthrospores, a new record for Crepidotus. The mating system, along with cultural and morphological data is provided for an unidentified species of Melanotus, similar to M. textilis, collected in Washington State. This new taxon exhibits encrusted hyphae of the pileus, cheilocystidia similar to capture pegs in Hobenbuehelia, and a unifactorial mating system. Different growth rates for two isolates of the Melanotus--one obtained from a polysporous deposit and the other a product of two compatible single spore isolates--are presented. The species of Crepidotus and Melanotus thus far examined contain both laccase and tyrosinase enzyme systems and possess distinctive generic and specific traits in culture that support current systematic treatments of these fungi. M.F. Allen. Biology Department, San Diego State University. San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) functioning under a globally changing environment. 1997 MSA Abstracts, page 1 Arbuscular mycorrhizae are the predominant type of mycorrhiza in most terrestrial environments. The symbiosis evolved under conditions of elevated atmospheric C02. We have demonstrated that different isolates can result in increased or decreased carbon gain on a per plant basis depending on the taxon and the site of origin. The direct allocation to external hyphae appears to range from 1 to 10% of the carbon fixed. However, this could remain a major C sink as these hyphae tend not to be grazed by invertebrates. With elevated atmospheric C02, mycorrhizal activity tends toward no change or an increase depending on the host species. However, with fertilization, A. mycorrhizae activity generally decreases. Thus, we postulate that with elevated C02, A. mycorrhizae become a greater sink but that is modified by other global change phenomena such as N deposition. ' J. BAAR*, M.I. BIDARTONDO, T.R. HORTON, A. LEVIN and T.D. BRUNS. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 U.S.A. Post-fire recolonization of mycorrhizal fungi of Pinus muricata. A recent wild-fire at Pt. Reyes National Seashore burned approximately 13,000 acres of forest and coastal scrub communities. Included in the bum area were four sites in which the pre-fire ectomycorrhizal community had been quantitatively characterized. In all four sites the overstory of Pinus muricata was killed, but in three of the sites pine seedlings are abundantly regenerating. By sampling seedlings from these sites and by carrying out several manipulative experiments, we are trying to determine which mycorrhizal fungi are involved in post-fire recolonization of Pinus muricata and how they arrive. Our preliminary results show that some of the fungi present on mature trees before the fire are also associated with the post-fire seedlings. Fungi in this category include: Amanita spp., a cantharelloid species, Russula spp., Tomentella sublilacina and Rhizopogon subcaerulescens. Evidence from bioassays suggests that only the latter species is probably established by spores. For the others, the mechanism of establishment seems to be survival of mycelium. Ascomycetous mycorrhizae are abundant on the postfire seedlings; we have not identified the species involved yet, but we do know that they were not common in the prefire community. Within the forested area the distribution of all of these fungi is spatially patchy. This may be due to stochastic survival and dispersal events. J. F. BABCOCK+, J. R. AIST+ and N. R. MORRIS++. Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850+ and Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854U. Cytoplasmic dynein performs multiple functions in Aspergillus nidulans. The cytoplasmic details of a wild-type and a temperature-sensitive dynein heavy-chain mutant (nu&) strain of Aspergillus nidulans have been observed in vivo, using digitally-enhanced phase-contrast video microscopy. Significant improvements in the optical and physiological properties of the slide-culture medium have allowed us to visualize details of nuclear behavior previously unreported in Aspergillus nidulans. Observations of both strains have been made over a range of temperatures. As the ambient temperature surrounding the nu& specimens is increased from 24oC, polarized tip growth and cytoplasmic architecture is progressively disrupted. Oscillations of mitotic nuclei in the hyphal tube begin to disappear. In early mitosis, the mitotic spindle often fails to achieve an orientation parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hyphal tube. Post-mitotic migration of daughter nuclei, immediately after the spindle breaks, is also impaired. At all temperatures, anaphase B spindle elongation rates in the nu& mutant are greatly reduced as compared to those of the wild type. Thus, it appears that dynein function is partially impaired even at room temperature. C.L. BACHEWICH, and 1.B.HEATH. Department of Biology, York University, North


Study of metal complexes has been of great importance. Versatile chelating ability of the biological active neutral bases is the latest aspect in the development of co-ordination chemistry. With this view in this study some mixed ligand complexes of attired biologically activity were prepared.


This paper presents theoretical and experiments results of nanosesimic waves generated from frictional sliding and recorded by an array of high-fidelity Glaser-NIST nanoseismic sen sors. Absolute sensor calibration procedures are reported along with some preliminary experimental findings. Estimating seismic source characteristics given an array of recorded signals and the specimen's Green's function is an inverse problem formulation that has been successfully used for the study of earthquake source mechanisms, and to distinguish between earthquakes and underground explosions. When properly scaled, the study of nanoseismic sources can shed light on frictional behaviors at both very small and earthquake fault scales. The preliminary experiments, from a PMMA slider on a large PMMA plate, demonstrate that local force release on the friction surface can be detected on a number of different time and amplitude scales. For rapid load releases (on the order of 500 ns) the source location can be estimated to a few mm in space and μs in time for step-like source functions down to about 10 mN in amplitude. Load releases which occur less rapidly in time (on the order of 100 μs) or over a larger spatial area (larger than a few mm) are more difficult to identify and interpret. Absolute calibration on a PMMA plate shows that the sensors have a sensitivity of 15 mV/nm ±4 dB over a frequency range of approximately 20 kHz to 1 MHz. The calibrated noise floor for the sensors is ±15 pm.


Scientific deep drilling named ZK01of Zhuanqiao lies in the centre of Luzong,and can be divided into 4part including the Quaternary gravels(0~17m),volcanic-sedimentary at Zhuanqiao Formation(17~ 1488m),syenite(1488~1848 m)and monzonite(1848~2011.95 m).Deep drilling named ZK01 conducted in Zhuanqiao of Luzong basin was discovered deep rocks syenite and monzonite associated with a large amount of uranium and thorium mineralization(1500~1900m)while in the shallow,trachyandesites and diorite-prophyry associated with magnetite and pyrite mineralization(0~1470m).According to the alteration and mineralization assemblage,mineralization can be divided into five stages,anhydritetourmaline veins at stageⅠ,uranium-thorium mineralization at stageⅡ,magnetite mineralization at stage Ⅲ,sulfide-secondary quartze at stage Ⅳ and quartz-calcite-sulfide at stage Ⅴ.Three types of fluid inclusions including liquid-rich(Ⅰ),gas-rich(Ⅱ)and daughter mineral-bearing(Ⅲ)fluid inclusions, respectively,have been observed.The daughter minerals mainly include halite and sylvite.The fluid inclusions of stageⅠare characterized by high temperatures(540~560℃at peak)and low to high salinity 65%~70% NaCl eq and 0%~5% NaCl eq at peak).The fluid inclusions of stageⅡ exhibit medium to high temperatures(320~340℃at peak)and low to high salinity(0%~5% NaCl eq at peak).The fluid inclusions of stageⅢ have medium temperatures(380~400℃ at peak)and medium to high salinity(0~ 5% NaCl eq at peak).The fluid inclusions of stageⅣ have medium temperatures(240~260℃ at peak) and medium to high salinity(0%~5% NaCl eq at peak).The fluid inclusions of stageⅤ have medium temperatures(160~180℃ at peak)and medium to high salinity(0% ~5% NaCl eq at peak).Fluid properties in deep drilling,are similar to other deposits in Luzong basin.It indicates that metallogenic fluid act as a part of the fluid in Luzong basin mineralization system.Boiling are occurred in fluid evolution repeatedly,which cause the change of physical and chemical state that change may be one of the major factors leading to migration and mineral precipitation.


Jute-polyesteramide(BAK) composite specimens having 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65% of jute by mass were prepared following film stacking method by compression molding technique. It was found that with increase in jute content, the flexural strength and modulus increased from 25.89 and 4709 MPa (45% jute) to 41.75 and 8613 MPa (60% jute) respectively and thereafter decreased with higher loading of fiber. For tensile strength and modulus, the same trend was observed. At 45% jute content, the values were 33.61 and 2599 MPa respectively, whereas at 60% jute content the values were 41.23 and 3346 MPa respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis of jute felt, BAK film and jute-BAK composites (60% jute) were made. The biodegradability of the composite specimens were studied by soil burial test, IR and SEM analyses.


The simulation of periodically forced processes in plug-flow reactors leads to the development of partial differential equations that are normally solved in time using dynamical simulation. Depending on the convergence properties of the system at hand, the number of cycles that needs to be computed up to a cyclic steady state is reached, can be large. Hence, direct iterative method are essential. However, to overcome severe memory constraints many authors have reverted to pseudo-homogeneous one-dimensional models and to coarse grid discretization, which renders such models inadequate or inaccurate. In this paper we propose a limited memory iterative method, called the Broyden Rank Reduction method, to simulate a full two-dimensional model with radial gradients taken into account.


Lewis acid catalyzed allylic substitutions with several interpreted as being indicative of the intermediacy of a (πallyl)tetracarbonyliron cation, with possible preceding nucleophiles at C-5 of the cis-tetracarbonyliron complexes of N-acetyland N-tosyl-5-(R)-isopropoxy-3-pyrrolin-2-ones formation of an N-acylor an N-tosyliminium ion. occur highly regioand stereoselectively. The results are


The present paper deals with the macro- and micro-Scopical studies of the vegetative parts of Sarcostemma brevistigma W.&A. The cell-contents, percentage extractives and ash values, fluorescence characters and behaviour of drug powder on treatment with different chemical reagents is also described.


BACKGROUND/AIM
Plastic biliary stents that remain in situ for more than 12 months, termed forgotten biliary stents (FBSs), can cause complications such as cholangitis, stent migration, stent occlusion and perforation. We evaluated the incidence, complications, and management of FBSs in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The medical records of patients who underwent ERCP procedures at the Gastroenterology Endoscopy Department of Kocaeli University Medical Faculty from December 2016 to December 2020 were analysed retrospectively. Data on patient characteristics, indications for ERCP and stenting, stent types, stenting duration, and complications were obtained from the hospital?s database.

RESULTS
A total of 48 cases with FBSs were analysed. The mean age (SD) of the patients was 71.23 years (12.165), the male to female ratio was 23/25 (0.92), and the mean stenting duration was 27.12 (range: 12?84) months. The most common indication for biliary stenting was irretrievable choledochal stones (40/48). Among the FBS patients in whom ERCP was performed, the most common presenting condition was cholangitis (22/34). Stone formation (79%) and proximal stent migration (26.4%) were the most frequent complications. The patients in the FBS group were significantly older than those in whom stents were removed in a timely manner (71.23 vs. 62.43 years, p < 0.001). Endoscopic treatment was possible in all cases; surgery was not required in any case. The most common cause of FBSs cited by patients was not having been informed about the need for long-term management of their stents (n = 14, 29.2%) Conclusion: FBSs are potentially problematic, particularly in older patients. Communication with the patient to remind them of the need for stent management is important for preventing FBSs.


The system of public education, as indicated in the Program of the Communist Party, is constructed in such a way that the instruction and upbringing of growing generations are closely tied with life and productive labor. Secondary education should provide not only solid knowledge of the foundations of the sciences about nature and society, but also knowledge of the foundations of technology and production, the polytechnical preparation of the students. One of the first and most basic distinctions of the curriculum of our Soviet school should be manifested in this.


5523 Background: Examining geographic distributions of high and low proportions of recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer (r/mCC) can identify regions with high need of intervention and advance our understanding of r/mCC community-specific risk factors. Previous studies of epidemiologic or geographic clusters in late-stage cervical cancer were conducted prior to the availability of modern treatments for r/mCC. Due to the rapidly evolving treatment landscape for r/mCC use of commercial claims is an important way to follow dynamic practice changes. Our study objective was to understand recent geographical disparities among r/mCC patients in the US. Methods: We developed a web-based tool, Cervical Cancer Geographical Disease Burden Analyzer, that allows users to quantify r/mCC disease burden across metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) over multiple years. The inputs to the web-based tool were extracted through a retrospective analysis of the 2015-2020 MarketScan commercial claims database using a previously validated methodology. We then calculated the r/mCC rate as the ratio of r/mCC cases over cervical cancer (CC) cases for each of the >400 MSA considered. The calculated MSA-specific r/mCC rate was visualized in an interactive US map,. The online interactive tool allowed the users to filter the results by year, age group, and minimum number of diagnoses at the MSA level. Results: Our findings showed that there is large variation with respect to r/mCC disease burden across MSA in the US, with a range of 0-45%. The top five MSA with the highest r/mCC rates from 2018-2020 are presented in the table. In particular, r/mCC rates in Sacremento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade (SRAA), CA and Boston-Cambridge-Newton (BCN), MA were on an increasing trajectory (33% in 2018 to 50% in 2020 in SRAA, CA; and from 41% in 2018 to 50% in 2020 in BCN, MA). On the other hand, while disease burden remained high, we observed decreasing r/mCC rates in Grand Rapids, MI (55% in 2018 and 31% in 2020, resulting in an average r/mCC rate of 42%). Finally, in Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL and Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD the r/mCC rates have fluctuated across time but were consistently >30%. Conclusions: Our web-based online interactive tool can help with identifying areas with high need of intervention, and inform how access, prevention and new or emerging therapies may potentially change the distribution of r/mCC disease burden. To better understand underlying drivers of geographic disparities observed, further efforts should be targeted towards identifying local-level factors. [Table: see text]


During the intrathymic differentiation of CD4. CD8and CD4CD8 ' T cells, the genes encoding heterodimeric a/P T-cell receptors (R) undergo rearrangement, expression. and selection.' Recently. a population of so-called double negative (DN) , that is CD4CD8-, thymocytes has been described, which reconstitute in uiuo all other thymocyte subsets.' The majority of adult thymocytes, essentially most cortical thymocytes. coexpress both CD4 and CD8. About half of these cells also express CD3-associated a/P T-cell R.' generally at lower intensity than medullary thymocytes. which al-e the most mature population and presumably seed peripheral lymphoid organs. Nearly all CD4' CD8 ' thymocytes. however, die i r i Accumulating evidence indicates that CD4 and CDX enhance T-cell recognition of MHC class I 1 and class I molecules. and because of this, i t is thought that selective events in the thymus involve CD4 and/or CD8. Recent experiments have demonstrated clearly that negative selection occurs by clonal elimination of self-reactive cells,'-' although the role of positive selection or "education" for self-MHC restriction elements is still controversial. Our laboratory has primarily studied the DN thymocyte subsets. Analysis of DN cells by several criteria has indicated that this population is itself quite heterogeneous. l' l . ' i These findings implicate thc existence of a number of subpopulations: however, the ontogenic and functional relationships between these subsets is largely unknown. We will summarize in this paper studies that have identified four major phenotypically distinct subsets differing in cell-cycle status and i r i uirro activation requirements. We have further focused biochemical and molecular studies on two subpopulations that have opposing patterns of T-cell K expression. Both y/6 and a/P C D h s s o c i a t e d T-cell Ks have been recently identified on DN thymocytes."." Although a/@ T-cell Rs are now understood to be triggered by MHC molecules generally associated with antigenic peptides.I4 the specificity of y/S T-cell Rs remains unknown. Moreover. the functional role of y/S cells and the relationship between the ylfi and a/@ lineages remain5 unclear.


: Electronic waste (E-waste) consists of obsolete electrical or electronic devices. Electronic waste recycling is of importance when it comes to protecting resources and environment. Today, nearly 1.3 billion tons/year of waste is produced worldwide, which is expected to increase to 4.3 billion tons/year by 2025. E-waste from old PCs is predicted to increase to 500 percent over a decade, and by 2020, compared to 2007, the disposal of cell phones will be increased by almost 18 times. Understanding and distinguishing different components of E-waste can help their efficient recycling. Sophisticated electronic devices contain approximately 60 different elements, which include valuable and hazardous materials. The most valuable component of E-waste is PCB, which contain many hazardous materials besides valuable metals. To prevent human and environmental poisoning, it is necessary to analyze the properties and compounds of different materials in E-waste and to find ways of re-managing it using healthy and environmentally friendly processes. In this paper, we focus on the general E-wasteland problems, such as the classification of E-waste, its constituents, various eco-friendly waste management and recycling processes, as well as considering valuable metals extraction. Despite many efforts to develop the recycling technology, this technology has many disadvantages due to the complexity of E-waste treatment systems. Therefore, the disadvantages of each process are discussed by considering technical problems and environmental protection level.


: Accurate knowledge of the number of newly-fledged juveniles offshore is critical to estimates of productivity of the threatened Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus). We describe a method for collecting productivity data which allows researchers to objectively evaluate age determinations and their effect on juvenile percentages. This has the potential to reduce the effect of observer variability and the number of misidentified birds, especially late in the breeding season when adults in late pre-basic molt are very similar to juveniles. We analyzed the timing of this molt in adults, and found some variation between regions and years. Therefore, critical dates for identification of adults in late molt versus juveniles may need to be reassessed annually. During our study, productivity estimates ranged from 1% to 7% juveniles. We used two methods for assessing the effect of missed juveniles. Even after adjusting for misclassified murrelets, the resulting juvenile percentages (1% to 17%) would suggest an unstable population in our study area.


Crust lattices in spinning-up or spinning-down neutron stars have growing shear stresses caused by neutron superfluid vortex lines pinned to lattice nuclei. For the most rapidly spinning stars, this stress will break and move the crust before vortex unpinning occurs. In spinning-down neutron stars, crustal plates will move an equatorial subduction zone in which the plates are forced into the stellar core below the crust. The opposite plate motion occurs in spinning-up stars. Magnetic fields which pass through the crust or have sources in it move with the crust. Spun-up neutron stars in accreting low-mass X-ray binaries LMXBs should then have almost axially symmetric magnetic fields. Spun-down ones with very weak magnetic fields should have external magnetic fields which enter and leave the neutron star surface only near its equator. The lowest field millisecond radiopulsars seem to be orthogonal rotators implying that they have not previously been spun-up in LMXBs but are neutron stars initially formed with periods near 0.001 s that subsequently spin down to their present periods. Accretion-induced white dwarf collapse is then the most plausible genesis for them. 29 refs.


10 Most contemporary philosophical discussions of utility either follow the 11 utility representations of von Neumann and Morgenstern that use prob12 ability and the expectation principle to measure individual utilities in a 13 way that leaves zero point and unit undetermined, or assume that psy14 chology can ultimately deliver utility measurement on an absolute scale. 15 From the second point of view utilitarian aggregation is perfectly mean16 ingful, and consequences of utilitarian ethics are straightforward. From 17 the first utilitarian aggregation is perfectly meaningless. We develop a 18 middle position, along the lines suggested by some of Bentham's ideas. 19 The result is the measurement of individual utilities without the use of 20 probability in a way that is weaker than that envisioned by Bentham 21 but stronger than that given by von Neumann-Morgenstern. In favorable 22 circumstances this allows meaningful aggregation, using a product or ge23 ometric mean, rather than the utilitarian sum. This has consequences for 24 philosophical discussions of utility and utilitarianism. 25 ∗Research for this article was supported by Grant SMA-1416907 from National Science Foundation. †Department of Logic and the Philosophy of Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA92717 USA and Department of Philosophy, Stanford University, Stanford CA94305 USA. ‡Department of Cognitive Sciences University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA92717 USA. IMBS TECHNICAL REPORT 18-01


Nd8.5Fe74Co5Cu1Nb1Zr3Cr1B6.5 bonded magnets were prepared by melt-spun and subsequent heat treatment. Magnetic properties of Br=0.68T, JHc=716 kA/m, (BH)max=77 kJ/m^3 were achieved. The addition of Cr element shows to be significantly advantageous in reducing grain size and increasing the intrinsic coercivity.


Objective:To investigate the clinical features of patients with myocardial bridge(MB).And to investigate its treatment.Methods:Sixty patients were diagnosed asMB by selective coronary angiography.The clinical features and the results of coronary angiography were analysed.All the patients were followed in order to know therapy condition and prognosis.Results:Male patients were more than female ones in 60 patients.All the patients had clinical symptoms such as chest stuffy,chest pain and so on.Thirty patients showed abnormal electrocardiogram with deviation of ST segment.MB was the most common in the middle segment of the left anterior descending artery.The major of the patients were given medication.Sixty patients were followed for one year.Symptoms reduced in most of the patients.Conclusion:Patient with MB may present with atypical chest pain.Major patients with MB are treated with medication.The prognosis of the patients with MB is usually good.


PURPOSE: A method of manufacturing a cooling jacket for a silicon ingot growing device is provided to improve productivity by coating a heat absorption layer inside of a growing device when absorbing heat in growing the ingot. CONSTITUTION: A method of manufacturing a cooling jacket for a silicon ingot growing device is comprised of the steps: etching the surface of a cooling jacket(S10); degrease the cooling jacket with a high temperature alkaline(S20); etching the surface of the cooling jacket with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid(S30); dipping the cooling jacket in a black color liquid for a certain time and forming a heat absorption layer on the surface on the cooling jacket; maintaining a black color liquid with a certain concentration and a boiling point boiled; and dipping a component into the black color liquid and coating it on the surface(S40).


Present invention, it is possible to reduce the number of manufacturing steps, and is excellent in laser workability, a method of manufacturing a printed wiring board capable of a wiring pattern formed well, the laser processing copper foil and copper-clad laminate an object of the present invention is to provide. To this end, a method for manufacturing a printed wiring board according to the present invention, the etching speed is faster than the foil to the copper etching solution, and the surface of the copper foil a readily soluble laser absorbing layer which absorbs infrared laser light and laser machining the copper foil with a, relative to the other laminates and conductor layers are laminated through an insulating layer, a via hole for interlayer connection is irradiated directly infrared laser light to easily soluble laser absorbing layer formed, in the micro-etching step as a pretreatment for desmear process and / or electroless plating process for removing smear in the via hole, the readily soluble laser absorbing layer, and removing from the surface of the copper foil.


A 24-year-old man had a large anterior mediastinal mass and a nonproductive cough of 6 weeks' duration. With the patient under general anesthesia, a diagnostic mediastinoscopy was performed with endotracheal intubation. During the procedure, acute respiratory failure developed as a result of tracheal obstruction. Fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination of the patient in the supine position revealed almost total extrinsic compression of the trachea and no evidence of intraluminal disease. Reexamination of the trachea with the patient in sitting and semiprone positions showed resolution of the extrinsic compression and respiratory distress. Flow-volume curves obtained before treatment of the mediastinal mass (histologically diagnosed as Hodgkin's lymphoma) disclosed major airway compression with the patient in the supine position; the abnormality disappeared after chemotherapy. The mechanisms responsible for tracheal compression by mediastinal masses during general anesthesia may include the following: (1) the effect of anesthesia on pulmonary mechanics, (2) the supine body position, (3) the elimination of glottic regulation of airflow by endotracheal intubation, (4) changes related to the surgical manipulation of the tumor itself, (5) the size and location of the mediastinal mass, (6) the young age of the patient, and (7) preexisting airways disease. Anticipation and prevention of potential respiratory complications and preparedness to treat them appropriately are important aspects of the management of these patients. Intrathoracic complications are common in both patients with Hodgkin's and those with nonHodgkin's lymphomas. Tracheobronchial mucosal involvement by Hodgkin's lymphoma occurs in about 5% of patients with the disease, and the involvement is usually in the lobar or segmental bronchi. Rarely, lymphomatous infiltrations of the trachea and main-stem bronchi occur.1"3 The mucosal involvement may be severe enough to cause airflow obstruction.4"6 Mediastinal and hilar


Ethanol is used as a fuel additive has resulted in rapid of growth of ethanol production. Thus the bio-based ethanol production has been one of the fastest growing industries in the U.S. The dry grinding corn ethanol process is more predominant than other ethanol production process in the U.S, due to the low capital costs. In the dry grinding process, the corn is fermented to produce ethanol and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The generated DDGS are primarily used by farmers to feed livestock. However, drying distillers grains consume energy and costs money. As a result, DDGS are more expensive than other distiller grains (Gorden, 2008). To reduce operational costs through drying process and environment impacts, such as greenhouse emissions, some other distiller grains with relatively high moisture content, including whole stillage, thin stillage, and syrup could be considered as alternative animal feed ingredients. The physical and biological properties tests provided the information background information about operational processes, and valuable components change over time. The objectives of the first study were to determine various physical and biological properties of whole stillage, thin stillage, and syrup, and the allowable shelf life under different storage temperature levels. The thin stillage and whole stillage had high initial average moisture contents of 92% (w.b.) and 87% (w.b.) respectively, and initial water activity of 0.99; the high water content marked samples easily susceptible to rapid spoilage. Time had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on properties of co-products. Both thin stillage and whole stillage samples got mold growth after 5 days incubation at 32C. Thin stillage had the greatest separation rate in settling experiment. However, syrup had relative low initial average moisture content


Pullulanase( EC3. 2. 1. 41),one of debranching enzymes,can specifically hydrolyze α-1,6-glucosidic bonds in starch and greatly promote starch utilization. Pullulanase is widely used in food,textile,biofuel and detergent industry.In present study,pullulanase gene pul A was amplified by PCR using genomic DNA of Klebsiella oxytoca M5 al as template,then cloned into vector p ET28a( +) and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21( DE3) induced by 0. 5 mmol / L IPTG. The expression of recombinant pullulanase was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blot. The enzyme was purified by NiAgarose resin and its enzymatic properties were determined. The optimum p H and temperature of recombinant enzyme were5. 5 and 60 ° C respectively. The activity of recombinant enzyme was significantly increased while adding Mn2 +,but slightly enhanced by adding Fe3 +,Mg2 +and Fe2 +. The enzyme activity was greatly inhibited in the presence of Cu2 +.The optimal catalytic conditions of pullulanase from Klebsiella oxytoca M5 al met the requirement of saccharification process,showing its application potential in starch industry.


In this article,System Dynamics(SD) was used to set up a simulation model about the coordinative development of economy and environment for Xunwu County of the Riverhead Area of East River with the integrative manner of qualitative and quantitative analysis.By adjusting the parameters the actual behavior of the system was simulated.The simulation results may be helpful in putting for ward policies and advices about economic and social development issues for the Riverhead Area of East River.


A process is disclosed in which hydrolysis and cyclization of an acetate ester of a 1,4-diol are carried out in separate reaction zones in the pressure of a solid acid catalyst and unreacted acetate ester recovered from each of the reaction zones is supplied to another zone thereby producing a hydrofuran and a 1,4-diol in any proportion.


In the following, the author argues that Hegel's speculative idealism at- tempts to reconcile the competing philosophical positions of idealism and realism. Through an examination, fi rst, of current scholarship and, second, of Hegel's critique of the "Ideal of Pure Reason" in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, the author shows that one of Hegel's main criticisms is that the exclusion of the thing-in-itself denies real- ism. The author argues that Hegel's response to the problem of the thing-in-itself is to affi rm realism. The author concludes by demonstrating how Hegel's concept of Geist reconciles idealism and realism.


One of the more challenging aspects of a regimental museum is the fact that while there are many wonderful pieces in the collection representing the rich tapestry of regimental history, they occasionally carry with them more questions than answers. Sometimes the link to the regiment is tenuous, but sometimes it is an object of great significance that with the passage of time has faded into the background and been overlooked. In antique terms, it is what might be regarded as a 'sleeper'.


Primary tumors of the parapharyngeal area are rare and account for 0.5% of all head and neck tumors.1,2 Among these, 80% are benign while 20% are malignant.2 Next to schwannomas, neurofibromas are the second most commonly encountered primary tumor of nerve sheath origin in the parapharyngeal space but incidence and prevalence rates have not been documented among pediatric patients.3,4 Plexiform neurofibromas in particular pose a surgical challenge in pediatric patients. Careful preoperative planning, advanced surgical techniques and vigilant postoperative care result in minimal morbidity and resolution of tumor symptomatology.5 Although complete surgical resection is ideal for all (especially benign) parapharyngeal tumors,4 the dilemma of complete versus partial resection arises when massive size increases the possibility of neurological dysfunction and cosmetic deformity from damage to adjacent cranial nerves and sympathetic chain fibers.6 We present the management dilemma involving a neurofibroma of the parapharyngeal space in a pediatric patient.


Two bread wheat crosses were used to genetically map the genes determining anthocyanin pigmentation of the anther (Pan-D1), culm (Pc-B1 and Pc-D1), leaf sheath (Pls-B1), and leaf blade (Plb-B1, Plb-D1). The genes cluster with Rc-1 (red coleoptile) on chromosome arms 7BS and 7DS. A germplasm panel of 37 wheat cultivars and introgression lines was tested for the presence of anthocyanin pigmentation on various plant organs, and significant correlations were established between pigmentation of the coleoptile and culm, coleoptile and leaf blade, coleoptile and anther, and anther and leaf blade.


As the prevailing technique of software-defined networking (SDN), open flow introduces significant programmability, granularity, and flexibility for many network applications to effectively manage and process network flows. However, open flow only provides a simple "match-action" paradigm and lacks the functionality of stateful forwarding for the SDN data plane, which limits its ability to support advanced network applications. Heavily relying on SDN controllers for all state maintenance incurs both scalability and performance issues. In this paper, we propose a novel stateful data plane architecture (SDPA) for the SDN data plane. A co-processing unit, forwarding processor (FP), is designed for SDN switches to manage state information through new instructions and state tables. We design and implement an extended open flow protocol to support the communication between the controller and FP. To demonstrate the practicality and feasibility of our approach, we implement both software and hardware prototypes of SDPA switches, and develop a sample network function chain with stateful firewall, domain name system (DNS) reflection defense, and heavy hitter detection applications in one SDPA-based switch. Experimental results show that the SDPA architecture can effectively improve the forwarding efficiency with manageable processing overhead for those applications that need stateful forwarding in SDN-based networks.


OBJECTIVE
To establish and evaluate an acute pulmonary embolism (APTE) model by selective thromboembolism of lower left pulmonary artery in minipig.

METHODS
Through intervention technique, a guiding catheter was inserted via femoral vein into pulmonary artery. And quantitative autologous venous thrombus was injected into the selected lower left pulmonary arteries in 8 minipigs. Thus the intended APTE model was established by selective thromboembolism of lower left pulmonary artery. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored. And computed tomography (CT) and macroscopic dissection were performed to evaluate the minipig APTE model.

RESULTS
The measurements of mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP, mm Hg, 1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP, mm Hg) immediately increased significantly after thromboembolism versus the baseline values (MPAP: 42.0 ± 3.4 vs 20.2 ± 3.0, PCWP: 8 ± 2 vs 4 ± 3, both P < 0.05) and stayed at a higher level during the following 2 h. No significant difference existed between the value of cardiac output (CO) at 2 h post-thromboembolism and its baseline counterpart. Moreover, systemic arterial pressure (SAP, mm Hg) and heart rate (HR, beats/min) significantly increased after embolism versus the baseline values (SAP: 102 ± 12 vs 80 ± 7, HR: 119 ± 22 vs 86 ± 14, P = 0.008). Pulmonary arteriography, CT scan and gross anatomy all demonstrated that the selected lower left pulmonary arteries was successfully embolized.

CONCLUSION
The establishment of APTE model by selective thromboembolism of lower left pulmonary artery is feasible, well-controlled and stable in minipigs.