The aim of this article is to present the literature with the purpose of exploring the spiritual elements of mindfulness as they may be integrated into practice. Mindfulness meditation can foster an increased sense of spirituality by disengaging from a narrow self-focus, and engaging a much broader view of interconnectedness in which oneself is not seen as separate from other people and the world. Integrative theoretical framework of self-awareness, -regulation, and -transcendence (S-ART) explains the mechanisms of mindfulness. The proposed framework informs research in the contemplative sciences about definition, typology, structure, function, correlates and dynamics of spirituality, meditation, contemplation and mystical experiences.


Abstract : A ground motion calculation for the Baneberry nuclear event is described here. A scenario is presented which indicates that the containment failure was due to the lack of a 'mystical, magical membrane' around the Baneberry cavity. This membrane failed to form due to the negligible yield strength of the working point material which was over 50% montmorillonite clay. (Author)


This preliminary study of latency-aged children whose psychotic mothers are being treated while in the home indicates minimal adverse effects on their adjustment pattern. Family resources seem to support or substitute for the mothering role when it is disrupted by illness. However, criteria for measuring child adjustment need further refining.


Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of two varied high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) values on the apoptosis (assessing caspase-8, survivin, CAD, Bax, BclxL and BclxS) and functional activity (using cocultures with bovine embryos) of porcine mesenchymal stem cells (pBMSCs). pBMSCs were isolated from porcine bone marrow and cultured in vitro. Before cryopreservation and storage in liquid nitrogen, pBMSCs were subjected to HHP values of 40 MPa and 60 MPa for 1 h at 24°C. After thawing, the cells were analysed for caspase-8 activity and protein expression of survivin, CAD, Bax, BclxL and BclxS. To indirectly test the influence of HHP on the functional activity of pBMSCs, in vitro maturated bovine oocytes were fertilized in vitro, and the obtained embryos were cultured under 4 different conditions: 1. monoculture in SOF medium; 2. coculture with pBMSCs in SOF medium; 3. coculture with pBMSCs subjected to 40 MPa HHP in SOF medium and 4. coculture with pBMSCs subjected to 60 MPa HHP in SOF medium. The quality of the developed blastocysts was analysed by TUNEL assay. HHP did not induce apoptosis in pBMSCs, as no significant difference was noted in the expression of any of the analysed apoptosis- related proteins between pBMSCs subjected to HHP (40 MPa or 60 MPa) and control. The highest number of obtained blastocysts was observed when the embryos were cultured in SOF. A highly significant difference (P<0.005) was noted between embryos cultured in SOF and embryos cultured in the presence of pBMSCs subjected to 60 MPa HHP or untreated pBMSCs. A significant difference (P<0.05) was noted between embryos cultured in SOF and embryos cultured in the presence of pBMSCs subjected to 40 MPa HHP. In conclusion, HHP does not induce apoptosis in pBMSCs. The obtained results of the blastocysts cocultured in vitro with pBMSCs (HHP-treated and untreated cells) imply that coculture with pBMSCs has a negative impact on the developmental rates of blastocysts.


Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scienti fi c opinion on the safety and ef fi cacy of 3-phytase produced by Komagataella phaf fi i (CECT 13171) (FSF10000/ FLF1000) as a zootechnical additive for poultry species, pigs for fattening and minor porcine species. The production strain (CECT 13171) is genetically modi fi ed and was developed from a strain that had been previously assessed by the FEEDAP Panel. The genetic modi fi cations present in K. phaf fi i CECT 13171 do not raise safety concerns and no recombinant DNA was detected in the fi nal formulations of the additive (FSF10000/FLF1000). However, the Panel could not conclude on the identity of the production strain and uncertainty remained on the possible presence of viable cells of the production strain in the fi nal formulations. Owing to these uncertainties, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the safety of the additive regarding the production strain. The additive in either form is not irritant to eyes and skin, the liquid formulation is not a dermal sensitiser but the solid formulation is, and the two formulations should be considered potential respiratory sensitisers. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the 3-phytase present in the additive is safe for the target species at a level of 1,000 FTU/kg feed and that would not raise safety concerns for the environment. However, considering the uncertainties on the identi fi cation of the production strain and the possible presence of viable cells in the fi nal formulations, the Panel could not conclude on the safety of the additive for the target species, consumer, users, and the environment. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the additive is ef fi cacious at 500 FTU/kg feed in poultry species for fattening or reared for laying/breeding, pigs for fattening and minor porcine species and at 1,000 FTU/kg feed in laying hens.


Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum MiDi) plants of the nonripening mutant nor, the ripening-inhibited mutant nn, and the normal cultfvar 'Rutgers' were grown in nutrient solution supplemented with 3 grams per Uter NaCI from the time of anthesis. In plants treated with NaCl, aDl the ripening parameters of the fruits of the nor mutant increased, but those of the rin mutant did not. The ripening of the fruits of the NaCI-treated nor plants was characterized by the development of a red color and taste, increased pectolytic activity, and increased evolution of CO2 and ethylene. These changes do not normaDly take place in nor under control conditions. The values of these ripening parameters in nor were lower than those of the normal Rutgers fruits. In addition, both in nor and rin and in the normal variety, exposure ofthe plants to NaCI shortened the developmental period of the fruit, decreased the fruit size, and increased the concentrations of total soluble solids, Na+, Clr, reducing sugars, and titratable acids in the fruit. The role of NaCI in overcoming the inability of nor to ripen is discussed.


The present invention is an adaptive adjustment of the error correction code and a method for fault-tolerant system, the system having the sensor environment information, fault tolerance scheme selection module, a processing module and a target error correction module, wherein: the sensor environment information and fault tolerance scheme selection module connected factors for obtaining the target information stored in the module processing data reliability; fault tolerance scheme selection module connected to the sensor environment information and error correction module, means influence the reliability factors sensing module receiving environmental information transmitted and received target feedback error correction module health of the processing module, fault-tolerant scheme selection module generates and outputs a fault tolerant scheme; correction module receives the transmitted fault tolerance scheme selection module fault tolerance scheme, the target for detection and correction data from the processing module of the present error; target processing module is connected with an error correction module for initiating a control operation to read and write data, and sending the original data to the error correction module task, reliable correction data storage module output.


We report the results of coarse-grained simulations of the transport of penetrants in polymer nanocomposite materials. This work was motivated by recent experimental results in the context of conductivity and barrier properties of polymer nanocomposites. We adopt a coarse-grained simulation formalism which is suitable for studying issues surrounding the transport of ions, large gas molecules and probes in polymer nanocomposite systems. The results presented focuses on two issues: (i) the role of polymer interfacial layers and (ii) the influence of polymer matrix dynamics upon the transport properties of polymer–nanoparticle mixtures. Our results indicate that in our model the penetrant transport properties are dominated by the "filler" effect, in which the particles act as obstructions for the penetrant diffusion. Interfacial effects, which are driven by the polymer–particle interactions play a role, but their impact is shown to be less important than the filler effect. A second outcome of our work is a d...


The study of hybrid zones can provide insight into the genetic basis of species differences that are relevant for the maintenance of reproductive isolation. Hybrid zones can also provide insight into climate change, species distributions, and evolution. The hybrid zone between black‐capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) is shifting northward in response to increasing winter temperatures but is not increasing in width. This pattern indicates strong selection against chickadees with admixed genomes. Using high‐resolution genomic data, we identified regions of the genomes that are outliers in both time points and do not introgress between the species; these regions may be involved in the maintenance of reproductive isolation. Genes involved in metabolic regulation processes were overrepresented in this dataset. Several gene ontology categories were also temporally consistent—including glutamate signaling, synaptic transmission, and catabolic processes—but the nucleotide variants leading to this pattern were not. Our results support recent findings that hybrids between black‐capped and Carolina chickadees have higher basal metabolic rates than either parental species and suffer spatial memory and problem‐solving deficits. Metabolic breakdown, as well as spatial memory and problem‐solving, in hybrid chickadees may act as strong postzygotic isolation mechanisms in this moving hybrid zone.


End-User Computing The phenomenal growth of end-user computing has been reported often. Nelson (1989) estimated that four out of five administrative and professional workers are using personal computing to support their work and personal activities. End-user computing reportedly accounts for 50 percent to 75 percent of all computer resources (Arkush and Stanton, 1987; Benjamin, 1984). End-user computing refers to the self-sufficient use of computer technology or the autonomous use of information technology by business and other knowledgeable personnel outside the information systems department (Brancheau and Wetherbe, 1990). Studies by Panko (1988) and Watson and Carr (1987) forecasted that enduser computing would be the dominant form of computing by the end of the decade. Not surprisingly, Arkush and Stanton (1990) found that over five years, the installed base of hardware and software purchased, managed, and owned by end-users increased to the point that in most large companies, 50% to 75% of all MIS applications are owned by end-users. Ein-dor and Segev (1988) found that 40% of the work force of the surveyed organizations were end-users. Munro, Huff, and Moore (1987-88) report that end-user computing has become a key component of many firms' activities, now ranked second in importance among all information systems activities, just behind information systems planning by information systems managers. End-users perceive information systems as more useful and better aligned with the needs of their business. They set their own priorities and spend money where they believe value can be achieved (Arkush and Stanton, 1987). End-users do not worry about an intermediary or about a time lag in the receipt of information (Head,


In our experience treating more than 100 cases of ischemic priapism, we noted that most with less than 24-hour duration responded well to aspiration/evacuation and injection of a diluted alpha-adrenergic agent (phenylephrine). In those of less than 48-hour duration, the majority could be reversed by a standard T-shunt with #10 blade. In those who failed T-shunt or had more than 48-hour duration, T-shunt with tunneling was effective for the vast majority of patients. However, there are always exceptions to any general rule. The following two educational cases represent an example where a repeat T-shunt with tunneling procedure was needed to reverse the priapism. The various comments below illustrate sub-optimal management by less experienced urologists and our recommendations for the same situations. This report will also introduce a new "Duration-directed Algorithm" ( Figure 1 ), which we believe represents a more physiologic approach. In addition, we also propose a method to estimate ischemia time for standardize reporting of treatment outcome in clinical series.


The occurrence of submerged forests in places along the British coast has long attracted attention, and led to speculation on the relative displacement in land and sea levels that enabled such forests to grow. Many of these forest beds are only visible between high and low water of the spring tides; others, not so readily seen, are known to occur in beds to a depth 60 feet below present sea level. The melting of the ice sheets after the last glaciation and the consequent rise of sea level accounts for the submergence of many of these forest beds, although the actual height at which they are found, may be affected by displacement from the contemporary level by subsequent compaction of sediments and tectonic movement. The submerged forest at Westward Ho! rests on consolidated sediments and is not subject to change in level due to compaction. The tectonic factor is discussed in relation to analogous deposits of comparable age elsewhere in southern Britain. The presence of the submerged forest in Bideford Bay (Barnstaple Bay) at Westward Ho!, was recorded in a survey published by De la Beche in 1839, and in 1866 Ellis called attention to the presence of flints in the submerged forest bed. The peat was found in patches between a pebble ridge and low water mark and in places for about 200 yards along the beach.


Objective To research the clinical effects of comprehensive treatment and simple treatment on lumbar disc hemiation.So as to seek a new effective therapy for lumbar disc hemiation. Methods 110 lumbar disc herniation were diveided into simple treatment group (n = 50) and comprehensive treatment group (n = 60) .Simple traction group patients were treated with infrared tractor bed with massage and thermotherapy.30min/pere, once a day and 10 tiroes were as a course (for two of three course) .The comperehensive group were treated with stereodynanric In-terferential Electrotherapy Devices and Traction therapy, 30mm/pere, once a day for two or three course.After the treatment, the clinical effect was evaluated and compared in both groups. Results Insiraple group, the cure was 9 case, the excellent 13, the effective 19 and the inwalid 9 case, respectively 82%. On the other hand, 17 case of comprehensive group were the cure, 22 case excellent, 19 case the effective and 2 the inflective, respectively 96.7% .There was a significant difference ( P 0.05) . Conclusion The comprehensive treatment on iumbar disc hemiation is an effective therapy, while it is worth to spread.


INTRODUCTION Among the documents deposited in the archives of the Royal Victoria Hospital is the autographed typescript of a lecture bearing the above title delivered to the Ulster Medical Society on 1st November 1945 by the late Joseph Tegart Lewis (1898-1969), who was connected with the Royal during the whole of his


To improve production of usable antiprotons using the proton beam from the main ring and the lossless injection of cooled antiprotons into the main ring, modifications of the main ring lattice are recommended.


Objective:To use evidence-based principles to develop infection control algorithms to ensure the protection of healthcare workers and the continuity of health service provision during a pandemic. Design:Evidence-based algorithms were developed from published research as well as "needs and values" assessments. Research evidence was obtained from 97 studies reporting the protectiveness of antiviral prophylaxis, seasonal vaccination, and mask use. Needs and values assessments were undertaken by international experts in pandemic infection control and local healthcare workers. Opportunity and resources costs were not determined. Setting:The Australian government commissioned the development of an evidence-based algorithm for inclusion in the 2008 revision of the Australian Health and Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza. Participants:Two international infection control teams responsible for healthcare worker safety during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome outbreak reviewed the evidence-based algorithms. The algorithms were then reviewed for needs and values by eight local clinicians who were considered key frontline clinicians during the contain and sustain phases. The international teams reviewed for practicability of implementation, whereas local clinicians reviewed for clinician compliance. Results:Despite strong evidence for vaccination and antiviral prophylaxis providing significant protection, clinicians believed they required the additional combinations of both masks and face shields. Despite the equivocal evidence for the efficacy of surgical and N95 masks and the provision of algorithms appropriate for the level of risk according to clinical care during a pandemic, clinicians still demanded N95 masks plus face shields in combination with prophylaxis and novel vaccination. Conclusions:Conventional evidence-based principles could not be applied to formulate recommendations due to the lack of pandemic-specific efficacy data of protection tools and the inherent unpredictability of pandemics. As an alternative, evidence-based principles have been used to formulate recommendations while giving priority to the needs and values of healthcare workers over the research evidence.


BPH is an age related change of the prostate where the prostate increases in size. This increase in size, or hyperplasia, is a non-malignant change that often does not cause clinical problems but can cause signs such as constipation and difficulty in urinating. BPH is the most common disease of the prostate, and occurs in almost all non-castrated male dogs as they age. The increase in size is caused by hormonal changes in the ratio of androgens, like testosterone and estrogens. Many affected dogs act normal, but if there is a large degree of prostatic hyperplasia, a dog might become symptomatic.


Consider, by way of example, the following F. and M. Riesz theorem for Rn: Let µ be a finite measure on Rn whose Fourier transform µ* is supported in a closed convex cone which is proper, that is, which contains no entire line. Then µ is absolutely continuous (cf. Stein and Weiss [SW]). Here, as in the sequel, absolutely continuous means with respect to Lebesque measure. In this theorem one can replace the condition on the support of µ* by a similar condition on the wave front set WF(µ) of µ, while keeping the same conclusion. The resulting microlocal F. and M. Riesz theorem can be applied with great flexibility to derive F. and M. Riesz theorems for measures on Lie groups, measures satisfying partial differential equations, etc. This is, essentially, the program of this paper.


For a quantum measurement process described by a quantum instrument I and a system observable corresponding to a positive-operator valued measure (POVM) E, I is said to conserve the information of E if the joint successive measurement of I followed by E is equivalent to a single measurement of E. We show that for any quantum instrument I we can construct a POVM conserved by I. Intuitively, the construction gives the infinite joint successive measurement of I. We also show that the constructed POVM is the least informative observable among POVMs conserved by I, i.e., the constructed POVM can be realized by a classical post-processing of any POVM conserved by I. As typical examples of quantum instruments, we explicitly evaluate POVMs of infinite successive measurements for photon counting and quantum counter instruments.


Background: Grain yield is a complex character so direct selection for yield as such can be misleading. Keeping in view, the present study aimed to assess the path coefficient analysis with correlation coefficient technique to establish the direct and indirect relationship between the yield and its component.
Methods: The present investigation carried out during kharif 2019 at Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha in randomized complete block design with 3 replication involving 20 maize genotypes. Data were collected from five randomly selected plnts on 20 agromorphic and biochemical traits. All the biochemical analysis estimated from leaf sample following standard procedure. Result: The traits shelled grain weight, cob diameter, number of grains per cob and anthesis silking interval were found to possess significant association in disirable direction with five ear weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. None of the biochemical trairts establishing significant positive association with yield. Highest positive direct effect on 5 ear weight was noticed by shelled grain weight (1.108) followed by phenols (0.115), internodal length (0.106) and days to 50 percent anthesis (0.102) indicating that the selection for these characters were likely to bring about an overall improvement in grain yield directly.


In the research of Beijing Parking Development Planning, according to the factors of land use, traffic condition and parking status of different areas, differential parking policy for the four circle zones are proposed. The four differential policies are considering the relationship of supply demand, parking structure, construction index, charge and management,etc.


pediments to the development of competitive party systems. Turning to Latin America, Robert Scott develops the thesis that the environmental conditions and crisis patterns in these less developed countries are such that a type of party structure has emerged—a "personalistic following" "not intimately related to public power"— which cannot perform the critical integrative functions which need to be performed. He concludes that the function of Latin America's party system in the developmental process "is largely negative." Finally, Lucien Pye discusses Asian party systems and poses the basic dilemma for these societies—"they can neither get along well without parties nor work well with them." He presents an incisive analysis of the environmental factors inhibiting the development of modern competitive party systems while encouraging the formation of parties with their own operational styles.


Introduction: Brazil is among the main producers of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) which is an authentic example of tropical and subtropical regions. The fruit is highly consumed in several ways, but much of it becomes agricultural waste. However, the industry has already shown that unused pineapple parts are great sources of bromelain. A bromelain has several uses, all based on its enzymatic activity, used mainly in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Objective: The objective of this review is to demonstrate the enzymatic aspects of bromelain and its use in several products, as well as to emphasize the reuse of industrial waste. Material and methods: This is a bibliographic search, where data were collected from the search for the following keywords: "Pineapple" and "bromelain" alone or combined from the year 2000. Results and execution. On the world stage, pineapple is the most famous tropical fruit thanks to its attractive flavor and refreshing balance between acidity and sweetness and versatility for both fresh consumption and after processing. The fruit has great energy value, due to its high sugar composition, and nutritional value due to the presence of mineral salts. In addition, pineapple residues generated by agriculture and one of the main sources of raw material for the extraction of enzymes in Brazil, being a Bromelain with great prominence in this area. Final Considerations: Although Bromelain shows great results due to its proteolytic action, some industrial branches, especially food, have other types of enzymes in their products, leaving aside the great potential of Bromelain.


THE EFFECTS OF SELF-REGULATED LEARNING ON COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDENTS' METACOGNITION AND ACHIEVEMENT IN DEVELOPMENTAL MATH COURSES Karen D. Y. Campbell Old Dominion University, 2013 Director: Dr. Linda Bol The effects o f training in self-regulation on metacognition and math achievement were investigated in this study. The moderator effect o f gender, age and ethnicity on the relationships between training and the outcomes o f metacognition and math achievement were also explored. The participants for this study were 116 community college students enrolled in developmental math courses during the spring semester. Teachers volunteered their classes for the study; there were a total o f 16 classes participating in the study over two four-week terms. Classrooms were bifurcated and students were randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups. Participants in the treatment group completed four self-regulated learning exercises modeled after Zimmerman's (2002) cyclical self regulated learning model. The exercises were completed weekly and repeated for a total o f three weeks. Participants from both the treatment and control group completed a final exam to measure math achievement and an abbreviated version of the MSLQ to measure metacognition skills the last week of class. There was a significant difference between the two groups, suggesting that training in self-regulated learning improves math achievement and metacognitive skills o f students in developmental math courses. Further investigation o f the effects o f training in self-regulated learning on math achievement and metacognition was explored by math subject. A significant difference was found in the lower level developmental math classes for Unit 2 (Decimals and Percent). Students in the treatment group had higher math achievement scores. For Unit 3 (Algebra Basics), there was a significant difference on the MSLQ scores (metacognition) favoring the treatment group. The findings suggest that training in self-regulated learning improves math achievement and metacognition levels o f students taking the lower level developmental math courses. Moderator effects o f the demographic variables were not observed, indicating that neither the relationship between training in self-regulated learning and math achievement nor the relationship between training in self-regulation learning and metacognition varied across gender, ethnicity, and age.


The author describes the file system that was developed for the Entropic Signal Processing System (ESPS), a UNIX-based software package that supports speech and signal processing research and development. He discusses the major goals of the ESPS file system, namely, that it be efficient, that it fit well with UNIX, that it should maintain a history of parameters and processing steps, that users should be able to modify existing file types and introduce new types without having to rewrite existing programs, and that the file system should facilitate distributed computation on UNIX networks. He then describes the design and implementation of the ESPS file system with emphasis on the foregoing goals and on the use of modern software engineering techniques. He closes with a description of desirable additions and generalizations.<<ETX>>


In a collaborative project several tools for the efficient assessment of safety and usability were developed. The TUV NORD assessment screen for efficient assessment provides new approaches for evaluating defined subsets of normative requirements and interfaces to automated assessment tools. Two different evaluation approaches, one based on VeNuS research results and one based on SPICE are available. Support for traceable assessment documentation and assistance during the development process is realised in the assessment screen. Additional tools for automated assessment of text documents and calculation of hardware failure rates involving software based hardware monitoring have been developed. TU Berlin focused on the usability of digital human-machine-interfaces in nuclear facilities. An approach to assess aspects of usability by considering safety-related priorities was developed. The evaluation procedure is provided as a computer application, which can be used for the direct collection, computation, and presentation of data. The TU Munchen proposed a procedure (``ManPro'') for the computer-based creation of instruction manuals for the operation of nuclear plants. The objective is to improve the operation efficiency of such facilities and prevent human errors whenever possible. Thus, a template-based, interactive semiautomatic process which underlines its reproducibility and efficiency is used to guide technical authors through the aspects of the manual creation. An Approach to the Efficient Assessment of Safety and Usability of Computer-Based Control Systems (VeNuS 2) (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281375776_An_Approach_to_the_Efficient_Assessment_of_Safety_and_Usability_of_Computer-Based_Control_Systems_VeNuS_2 [accessed May 2, 2016].


We explore two saddle point inflationary scenarios in the context of higher order corrections related to different generalisations of general relativity. Firstly, we deal with Jordan frame Starobinsky potential, for which we identify a portion of a parameter space of inflection point inflation, which can accommodate all the experimental results. Secondly, we analyse Higgs inflation and more specifically the influence of non-renormalisible terms on the standard quartic potential. All results were verified with the PLANCK 2015 data.


The combined effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) with different proteins on lipid metabolism was examined in rats. Male rats were fed diets containing 1% CLA or linoleic acid (LA) in combination with different proteins (casein (CAS), soy protein isolate (SPI) or β-conglycinin (CON)) for 4 weeks. Dietary CLA, as compared with LA, reduced the weight of epididymal and perirenal adipose tissues. Feeding SPI and CON as compared with CAS decreased these adipose tissue weights irrespective of dietary CLA, and the magnitude of the reduction was greater in the latter. The concentration of serum triglyceride was also affected by dietary CLA and proteins in the same manner. Feeding SPI, and CON decreased the activity of liver cytosolic fatty acid synthase, irrespective of dietary CLA. The carnitine-palmitoyl transferase activity in liver mitochondria was significantly increased in the combination of CLA and CON more than the other groups. Moreover, CLA tended to increase serum adiponectin concentration irrespective of dietary protein. Feeding CON significantly increased the adiponectin concentration more than the other two proteins, irrespective of dietary CLA. Therefore, the reduction of adipose tissue weight and serum triglyceride concentration could be associated with decreased fatty acid synthesis and enhanced β-oxidation in liver, and increased serum adiponectin concentration. The results in the present study indicated that the body fat-reducing effect of CLA was modulated by the type of dietary protein, and CON


Morphological investigation of the Poster Collection's stock has brought to light a surprising variety of approaches where the creative will to exploit the color of the paper and the black of the ink alone is the driving force behind the posters' succinct statement. Typical examples come from designers like AG Fronzoni, Werner Jeker, James Victore or Buro Destruct. The work ranges from coolnessA" to modernist ascetism, from the political manifesto to poetic abstraction.


IT IS A COMMONPLACE THAT SHAKESPEARE PRESENTS in Richard II a conflict between two contrasting worlds-the static, picturesque, ceremonial world of Richard's medieval court and the active, modern, practical world of Bolingbroke and his successors. The corollary of this proposition-that the audience in Shakespeare's theatre must shift its perspective during the course of the play, sometimes taking a long, historical view of the action and sometimes seeing it as insistent, present reality-has not been so well developed, and yet I believe it is at least as important to our understanding of the ways the play works. History in Richard II is presented to the audience in two diametrically opposed ways. In many scenes, it appears just as Richard says it would, as a quaint period piece, a tale "of woeful ages long ago betid" (V.i.42).' This is the view that is often remarked in discussions of the play's formal, ritualistic quality. But history is also presented in Richard II as current action, a living process that directly involves and implicates the audience in the theatre. Queen Elizabeth's often-quoted comment, "I am Richard II, know ye not that?"; the suppression of the deposition scene during her lifetime; the fact that Essex's followers saw fit to sponsor a performance of Richard II on the afternoon before their rebellion-all these things indicate that for Shakespeare's contemporaries this play was not simply an exercise in historical recreation or nostalgia. Thus, in addition to the long, historical view that Tillyard and many of his successors have remarked,2 Richard II also provided its original audience with the immediate involvement that Elizabeth's comment and the rebels' sponsorship imply. From the historical perspective, the members of the audience are spectators, contemplating the action from a distance but not involved in it. But in much of the play we, the audience, become participants, directly involved along with the characters on stage. The rebels in Richard's England enlist us in their dangerous enterprise: we share in their fatal choices and participate in their crimes and errors. Finally, Shakespeare provides us with a third perspective on the action-a


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. Extracellular senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles as well as axonal and synaptic degeneration are characteristic neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Dysfunctional axonal transport mechanisms appear to play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of AD. Morphologically, they can manifest as axonal swellings or spheroids containing axonally transported cargoes such as cytoskeletal proteins and lipids and as dystrophic neurites surrounding amyloid plaques. The loss of synapses and the appearance of dystrophic neurites rather than the amount of extracellular amyloid plaques correlate with the cognitive decline in AD. The object of this thesis was to label neuritic damage in the double transgenic APPSLPS1KI mouse model. Specific enzyme-linked antibodies against synaptic proteins were used for immunohistochemical stainings of paraffin-embedded murine brain sections. Pathological accumulations of the SNARE proteins synaptobrevin, SNAP-25, syntaxin 7, syntaxin 13 and Vti1b as well as the proteins α- and β-synuclein, synaptopodin and proton ATPase were successfully detected in dystrophic neurites surrounding neuritic plaques. The majority of these proteins was also found in dystrophic neurites of human AD cases. The results of this study show that diverse synaptic proteins are involved in pathological processes in an AD brain and that they can serve as markers for neuritic dystrophy. The morphological and neurochemical variety of dystrophic neurites indicates the severe neuritic damage in the APPSLPS1KI mouse model.


Purpose:  This study aimed to make a nationwide clinicopathological study of oncocytic lesions in the ophthalmic region and to characterize their cytokeratin (CK) expression.


To measure the correlation between two arbitrary Boolean functions, we propose the two new criteria called the sum-of-squares indicator and the absolute indicator of the cross-correlation. The two indicators generalize the GAC criterion (which was proposed by X.M. Zhang and Y.L. Zheng, in GAC-the criterion for global avalanche characteristics of cryptographic functions, Journal for Universal Computer Science, 1(5): 316–333, 1995). Lower and upper bounds on the two indicators are obtained.


Abstract Survival of juveniles during the postfledging period can be markedly low, which may have major consequences on avian population dynamics. Knowing which factors operating during the nesting phase affect postfledging survival is crucial to understand avian breeding strategies. We aimed to obtain a robust set of predictors of postfledging local survival using the great tit (Parus major) as a model species. We used mark–recapture models to analyze the effect of hatching date, temperatures experienced during the nestling period, fledging size and body mass on first‐year postfledging survival probability of great tit juveniles. We used data from 5192 nestlings of first clutches ringed between 1993 and 2010. Mean first‐year postfledging survival probability was 15.2%, and it was lower for smaller individuals, as well as for those born in either very early or late broods. Our results stress the importance of choosing an optimum hatching period, and raising large chicks to increase first‐year local survival probability in the studied population.


I theorize immigrant employment as a case of occupational segregation and investigate earnings and segregation of recent-immigrant Latinos relative to native workers. Analyses of greater Los Angeles 1980 and 1990 Census 5% PUMS demonstrate increased marginalization of immigrant Latinos in "brown-collar" occupations (where Latino immigrants are vastly overrepresented among incumbents). During the 1980s earnings inequality grew between recent immigrants and native-born whites, blacks, and Latinos, even controlling for group differences in labor market characteristics. Yet pay inequality did not rise between whites and native minorities, suggesting deleterious processes particular to immigrant Latinos. Analyses of occupational dissimilarity demonstrate that native minorities are less segregated from immigrant Latinos than are whites; and segregation of recent-immigrant Latinos from native workers intensified in the 1980s, but segregation from earlier-immigrant co-ethnics remained fairly constant. A number of low-level occupations in Los Angeles are now clearly identifiable as brown collar.


The COVID-19 pandemic is set to completely reconfigure the world as we know it – but only if we are prepared to shift what, and how, we "know." The pandemic has overturned conventional "wisdom," re...


Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) has drawn significant attention due to its association with the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Recent studies have projected MIC-1 as a potential biomarker for various disease conditions including PCa. Given evidence for more aggressive disease among African American (AA) men, we aimed to investigate if MIC-1 was differentially expressed among AA and Caucasian men. We measured serum MIC-1 levels by sandwich ELISA in samples collected during the diagnosis of PCa (pre-surgical). Our data consists of information on 40 Caucasian and 40 AA men between the ages of 43 and 75 years (Median = 60 years). Based on the analysis of log transformation of the data, significant differences among the two races were found, with AA having higher MIC-1 expression (Median 1220.4 versus 790.8, p=0.0001), Gleason scores (Median 7 versus 6, p=0.0009) and PSA (Median 6.72 versus 6.35 ng/ml, p = 0.04) than Caucasians. No differences in age or pathological stage of disease were observed between groups (p > 0.05). Higher levels of MIC-1 and Gleason scores were associated (p Citation Format: Dev Karan, Seema Dubey, Jo Wick, Ossama Tawfik, Guru Sonpavde, Peter VanVeldhuizen. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 as a potential biomarker for racial disparity in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B12.


Rotary steerable system in directional drilling is considered the development trend of modern technology. A permanent magnet synchronous motor is used as an activation module in the rotary steerable system. However, the downhole environment is complex, and there are unknown disturbances, which puts higher requirements accurate motor control in directional drilling. Thus, it is essential to acquire precise measurements of motor parameters. This paper proposes a parameter identification method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor. Firstly, the resistance, DQ axis inductance, and flux linkage identification of permanent magnet synchronous motor are theoretically analyzed, and formulas are derived. Then the resistance, inductance, and flux linkage of the motor are simulated and analyzed by Simulink. The simulation results show that the maximum error of the parameter identification method is 2.25%; Finally, the parameter identification experiment is carried out on the actual motor with known parameters. The test data show that the maximum error of motor parameter identification is 2.5%. The experimental results show that the preliminary simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed identification method. This indicates that this paper's permanent magnet synchronous motor parameter identification method has a certain practical value.


The legends surrounding the fortress on Dunsinane Hill primarily involve the historical figure of Macbeth and are often mixed up with Shakespeare's fictional character of the same. Excavations on the hill revealed some of the features of the fortification there, the foundations of several rooms and several human skulls along with other bones.


Cosmogenic exposure dating provides insight into the timing of glacial fluctuations at high latitudes, but collections of exposure dates from isochronous surfaces often show unexpectedly large scatter. Here, we show that the structure of a recently published set of cosmogenic exposure dates from eastern Greenland (Kelly et al., 2008, Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 27, p. 2273) is distinctly different from the structures of selected data sets from the midlatitudes. Specifically, histograms of the eastern Greenland dates are right-skewed, whereas histograms of exposure dates from the mid-latitude sites are left-skewed. We infer that this difference in structure reflects a difference in the geomorphic processes active in eastern Greenland, as compared to the mid-latitude sites. Further, we fit the eastern Greenland data with a process model that relates moraine age, landscape age, and depth of glacial erosion to the observed distributions of cosmogenic exposure dates.


Voltage-current (V-I) measurements of an amorphous indium/ p indium oxide thin-film composite have yielded values for the exponent eta(T) describing the power-law decay of the order-parameter correlation function appropriate to the Kosterlitz-Thouless description of phase transitions in two-dimensional systems. A pronounced crossover in the V-I characteristics at the phase-transition temperature, T/sub c/, is obtained. Theoretical expressions both above and below T/sub c/ are verified, and a value of eta(T/sub c/) = 0.23 is measured for a film with normal-state sheet resistance of 3560 ..cap omega../D'Alembertian measured at 8 K.


Objective:To observe the combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment of acute cerebral infarction and the clinical effect of hemorheology,blood lipid changes.Methods:300 cases of acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into treatment group and control group 2 group and control group treated with conventional Western medicine,the treatment group in the conventional treatment plus Chinese herb decoction,and with acupuncture treatment.Observed after the end of treatment the clinical efficacy of two groups,as well as before and after treatment hemorheology,blood lipid changes.Results:The total effective rate 92.7% in the control group,the total efficiency of 71.3% difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P0.05),the treatment group than the control group;2 group after treatment,plasma viscosity,hemorheology,hematocrit,and serum lipids total cholesterol,triglycerides were lower compared with those before treatment were statistically significant (P0.05).Conclusion Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture Treatment of cerebral infarction significantly,and can reduce blood rheology in patients with acute cerebral infarction and blood lipid indicators,worthy to be popularized.


This paper expounds some new cognitions of the performance management,points out that should construct perfect performance management system and put it in place,and should construct the enterprise culture guided by the performance.


We propose a self-consistent method for electronic structure calculations of correlated systems that combines the local density approximation (LSDA) and the dynamical mean field theory (DMFT). The LSDA part is based on the exact muffin-tin orbitals (EMTO) approach, meanwhile the DMFT uses a perturbation scheme that includes the T -matrix with fluctuation exchange (FLEX) approximation. The current LSDA+DMFT implementation fulfills both self-energy and charge self-consistency requirements. We present results on the electronic structure calculations for bulk 3d transition metals (Cr, Fe and Ni) and for Fe/Cr magnetic multilayers. The latter demonstrates the importance of the correlation effects for the properties of magnetic heterostructures. Typeset using REVTEX


A theory of the structural composition of an algoithm is presented which allows the frequencies of occurrence of the individual operators and operands to be estimated. It provides justification for some recent hypotheses which suggest certain functional relationships between properties of algorithms.


Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a prevalent human pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases, including pneumonia, bacteremia, sepsis, meningitis and otitis media, with a death toll of >22 000 a year in the United States alone. Pneumococcus uses the competence regulon and its associated signaling peptide, the competence stimulating peptide (CSP), to initiate its attack on the host and establish an infection. In this work, we set out to: 1) develop a pan‐group quorum sensing inhibitor that could effectively interact with both the pneumococcus ComD1 and ComD2 receptors; and 2) evaluate the utility of dominant‐negative CSPs (dnCSPs) in attenuating pneumococcus infectivity. Our results highlight the potential of inhibiting the competence regulon as a therapeutic approach to combat pneumococcus infections.


Background: Respiratory sound analysis represents a research topic of growing interest in recent times. In fact, in this area, there is the potential to automatically infer the abnormalities in the preliminary stages of a lung dysfunction. Methods: In this paper, we propose a method to analyse respiratory sounds in an automatic way. The aim is to show the effectiveness of machine learning techniques in respiratory sound analysis. A feature vector is gathered directly from breath audio and, thus, by exploiting supervised machine learning techniques, we detect if the feature vector is related to a patient affected by a lung disease. Moreover, the proposed method is able to characterise the lung disease in asthma, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, and lower or upper respiratory tract infection. Results: A retrospective experimental analysis on 126 patients with 920 recording sessions showed the effectiveness of the proposed method. Conclusion: The experimental analysis demonstrated that it is possible to detect lung disease by exploiting machine learning techniques. We considered several supervised machine learning algorithms, obtaining the most interesting performance with the neural network model, with an F-Measure of 0.983 in lung disease detection and equal to 0.923 in lung disease characterisation, increasing the state-of-the-art performance.


Based on the flexural experimental research of five reinforced concrete beams strengthened with near surface mounted carbon fibre reinforced plastics(CFRP)-prestressed concrete prisms(CFRP-PCPs composite reinforcement)of different control tension stress,the characteristics of mean crack width and maximum crack width were acquired with comparison and analysis of crack distribution and development under static loading.The results indicate that this type of the unique composite reinforcement has an inhibitory effect on development of crack width and crack height.Based on the calculation method for crack width in the current national standard and experimental data,the suggested maximum crack width of the reinforced concrete beams strengthened with near surface mounted CFRP-PCPs reinforcement under static loading was given.And the calculated values are revealed to be in reasonable matching the tested value.


T. Wisborg and T. Manser Norwegian Trauma Competency Service, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Finnmark Health Trust, Hammerfest Hospital, Hammerfest, Norway and Institute for Patient Safety, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany


The utility model relates to the field of pile foundation construction, in particular to a pile foundation reinforcement cage processing device, aiming to solve the problems that in the processing and the manufacturing of the traditional reinforcement cage, the construction procedure is complicated, the operating efficiency is low, and the like. The processing device comprises a clamping fixture, a reinforcement cage main bar spacing control fixture and a reinforcement cage stirrup spacing control fixture, wherein the clamping fixture comprises a group of strip-shaped reinforcement cage main bar arranging bases, and positioning convex columns are fixed on the bases at intervals; the spacing between the adjacent positioning convex columns is the same with the spacing between the reinforcement cage main bars, and the positions of the positioning convex columns on the adjacent bases correspond to each other; the reinforcement cage main bar spacing control fixture consists of a first straight rod and clamping columns, and the clamping columns are arranged at both ends of the first straight rod; the reinforcement cage stirrup spacing control fixture comprises a handle and a fork type clamping rod; a second straight rod is fixed at the connecting part of the clamping rod and the handle; and both ends of the second straight rod are fixed with positioning columns. The utility model has the advantages of simple manufacture, skillful design, simple and convenient use, simple processing procedure of reinforcement cage, saving of labor and material, and reduction of construction cost, and can be widely applied to the processing field of all pile foundation reinforcement cages.


The novel Coronavirus (Covid‐19) crisis has dealt a severe blow to the global manufacturing industry. Simultaneously, it has paved the way for organizational learning and revision of its plans. It is, therefore, important to investigate organizational learning based on individual learning, as organizations only learn through individual learners. Based on the theories of action and dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation (KC), this study proposes a serial mediation model where KC underlying mechanisms through organizational learning culture (OLC) such as acquisition of information (AOI), interpretation of information (IOI), behavioral and cognitive changes (BCC) have facilitated organizational performance (OP) during Covid‐19. Data have been collected from 610 randomly selected employees in the manufacturing firms of Pakistan. To test the study hypotheses, we used SPSS macro PROCESS (Model‐6 with three mediators). The study results suggest the serial mediation effect of IOI, BCC, and KC on the AOI–OP relationships under single‐, double‐, and triple‐loop learning viewpoints.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the evolution of industry structure in the World Bank's eight high performing Asian economies (HPAEs) displays the U-shaped relationship between manufacturing concentration and per capita income widely held to foster economic development. Increasingly prosperous HPAEs have long been hailed as models for success by other emerging economies. Focusing on a regional group of high performing economies enables us to relate policies used by successful HPAEs directly to observed patterns of manufacturing diversification and provide policy guidance to emerging economies.

Design/methodology/approach

A robust locally weighted scatterplot smoothing procedure is employed to generate the U-shaped relationship between manufacturing concentration and level of economic development. Policies used by the most successful HPAEs are discussed.

Findings

The relationship between manufacturing concentration and level of economic development is found to be U-shaped. Diversification of manufacturing is a prerequisite for successful economic development. Countries further along the economic development path such as Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan made extensive use of active and selective interventionist policies to diversify manufacturing before eventually specializing in a narrower range of export activities.

Practical implications

Emerging economies should follow examples set by the most successful HPAEs that demonstrated significant government assistance is required to foster economic development.

Originality/value

The paper is the first to investigate the evolution of manufacturing concentration over the economic development path HPAEs. Success enjoyed by HPAEs holds important lessons for developing and emerging economies.


Abstract A fast and accurate way for making perfect scientific illustrations is described. A pencil drawing or a photo is scanned. The resulting file is imported into Adobe Illustrator and the line drawing is made using a WACOM Intuos digitiser board. After the habitus and detail drawings have been made, plates can be arranged using the same software. Lettering and arrows can be added very quickly. The plates can be exported as graphics files for printing or further manipulation.


Acute hemodynamic effects of 5 and 10 nig i.v. UD-CG 115 BS (pimobendan) were studied by right and left heart catheterization in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (NYHA classes II and HI: 5 mg = group I. n = 6; 10 nig = group II. n = 6). Effects on left ventricular function were evaluated by left ventricular angiograms and measurement of left ventricular dp/dtmax before and 2.5 h after administration of UD-CG 115 BS. Right atrial pressure (RAP). pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCP). cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR). and systemic blood pressure (BP) were assessed before and 2.5. 4. and 6 h after administration of UD-CG 115 BS. PCP was maximally reduced by 10 mg of UD-CG I 1 5 BS from 18.3 ± 6.2 to 6.2 ± 3.4 mm Hg (p < 0.005) and by 5 mg from 12.2 ± 7.5 to 8.3 ± 7.1 mm Hg(p < 0.05). Maxiμm reduction of RAP was significant only in group II (p < 0.05). CO increased in a similar way after both doses (group I: from 5.5 ± 1.9 to 7.8 ±1.3 L/min. p < 0.005: group II: from 5.0 ± 1.3 to 7.5 ± 1.8 L/min. p< 0.05). Mean arterial blood pressure was slightly reduced only by 10 mg of UD-CG 1 15 BS. Heart rate rose from 84 ± 1 1 to 100 ± 14 beats/min in group I (p < 0.05). whereas after 10 mg no change in heart rate was noted. Left ventricular end-diastolic (EDVI) and end-systolic volume (ESVI) indices were clearly reduced by both 5 and 10 mg of UD-CG 1 15 BS. Left ventricular dp/dtmax in both groups increased significantly, whereas the rise of left ventricular ejection fraction was significant only in group II. No adverse effects were noted during acute administration of UD-CG II? BS. Therefore, intraveneous UD-CG 115 BS mav be a useful substance in the treatment of acute myocardial heart failure


Regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA) is a powerful method for interrogating hydrological series since it combines observational time series from several sites within a region to estimate risk-relevant statistical parameters with higher accuracy than from single-site series. Since RFFA extreme value estimates depend on the shape of the selected distribution of the data-generating stochastic process, there is need for a suitable goodness-of-distributional-fit measure in order to optimally utilize given data. Here we present a novel, least-squares-based measure to select the optimal fit from a set of five distributions, namely Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Generalized Logistic, Gumbel, Log-Normal Type III and Log-Pearson Type III. The fit metric is applied to annual maximum discharge series from six hydrological stations along the Sava River in South-eastern Europe, spanning the years 1961 to 2020. Results reveal that (1) the Sava River basin can be assessed as hydrologically homogeneous and (2) the GEV distribution provides typically the best fit. We offer hydrological-meteorological insights into the differences among the six stations. For the period studied, almost all stations exhibit statistically insignificant trends, which renders the conclusions about flood risk as relevant for hydrological sciences and the design of regional flood protection infrastructure.


Consider n items located randomly on a circle of length 1. The locations of the items are assumed to be independent and uniformly distributed on [0, 1). A picker starts at point 0, and he has to collect all n items by moving along the circle at unit speed in either direction. In this paper we study the minimal travel time of the picker. We obtain upper bounds and analyze the exact travel time distribution. Further, we derive closed-form limiting results when n tends to infinity. We determine the behavior of the limiting distribution in a positive neighbourhood of zero. The limiting distribution is closely related to exponential functionals associated with a Poisson process. These functionals occur in many areas and have been intensively studied in recent literature.


In this paper we focus on the problem of self-tuning distributed transactional cloud data stores by presenting an overview of the autonomic mechanisms integrated in the Cloud-TM platform, a transactional cloud data store developed in the context of a recent European project. Cloud-TM takes a holistic approach to self-tuning and elastic scaling, treating them as strongly intertwined problems with the ultimate goals of i) achieving optimal efficiency at any scale of the platform, and ii) minimizing resource consumption in presence of varying workloads. From a methodological perspective, this is achieved by relying on the innovative idea of exploiting the diversity of different modelling approaches, including analytical models, machine-learning and simulations. By employing these modelling techniques in synergy, the Cloud-TM platform can dynamically optimize the underlying distributed data store over a number of dimensions, including its scale, the strategy it adopts to distribute and replicate data among the platforms' nodes, as well as its replication protocol.


Text categorization in the form of topic identification is a capability of current interest. This paper is concerned with categorization of electronic document images. Previous work on the categorization of document images has relied on Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to provide the transformation between the image domain and a domain where pattern recognition techniques are more readily applied. Our work uses a different technology to provide this transformation. Character shape coding is a computationally efficient, extraordinarily robust, means of providing access to the character content of document images. While this transform is lossy, sufficient salient information is retained to support many applications. Furthermore, the use of shape coding is particularly advantageous over OCR in the processing of page images of poor quality. In this study we found that topic identification performance was maintained or slightly improved using character shape codes derived from images.


The matters that need attention in hardware connect and software implementation methods in high degree of accuracy temperature measurement are analyzed through introducing inner structure and operating characteristic of DS18B20.Some information can be provided for the chip application in industrial control.


Poles really felt when they encountered Jewish sites. Was it really "a deep sense of anxiety about the Holocaust" (p. 258) or was it the same indifference that had made the Holocaust possible? While the desire to repress unsettling memories and to evade uncomfortable questions about personal and collective responsibility surely played a role in the treatment of Jewish ruins, their neglect and removal is also owed to fact that they had lost their cultural context. With few Jews left in Germany and Poland after the war, and with non-Jewish citizens not ready to consider synagogues and Jewish cemeteries part of their heritage, Jewish sites were doomed. It took several decades before Germans and Poles began to perceive the Jewish past as an integral part of their countries' history, and the restoration and revitalization of Jewish historical landmarks worth the effort and expense. Meng is right in pointing to the phenomenon of "redemptive cosmopolitanism." At the same time, however, we should not underestimate the sincerity and intellectual depth of German and Polish historical debates regarding the mass crimes of the twentieth century. It would be difficult to name national societies that conducted the painful public discussions about the collective responsibility for mass crimes, antisemitism, the dangers of nationalism, and appropriate ways of remembering the Holocaust and other forms of mass violence with more seriousness, larger societal involvement, and farther-reaching consequences for their national self-image. These critical remarks aside, Shattered Spaces is an important, thought-provoking, and highly readable book. Students of German-Jewish and Polish-Jewish relations, as well as those interested in urban and memory studies, might want to consult it.


Dear Editor, Salmonella is one of the major pathogens causing bacterial gastroenteritis or foodborne disease worldwide. Infections with nontyphoidal Salmonella have been reported in more than 2,000 patients in Korea every year from 2017 to 2019, and it is the fifth most common cause of gastrointestinal infections in Korea following norovirus, C. perfringens, Campylobacter, rotavirus group A [1]. Non-typhoidal Salmonella infection usually manifests as acute onset of fever, chills, vomiting, and diarrhea, and focal or blood-stream infections develop in some cases [2]. Production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a unique property of Salmonella, and it is commonly detected to differentiate Salmonella species from other bacterial pathogens using biochemical test media such as triple sugar iron (TSI) agar. However, several non-H2S-producing Salmonella species have been isolated in various countries (mainly China) from poultry meat [3] or clinical samples such as stool or sacral wound (Table 1) [4-10]. Enzymes encoded by the phs, cysJIH, and asr operons are essential for H2S production. Previous studies reported nonsense mutations at different sites on the phs operon in H2S-negative Salmonella strains [8]. Here, we report a non-H2S-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis clinical isolate obtained from the blood sample of a Korean patient, the first such finding in Korea to our knowledge (Table 1). This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. A 63-year-old woman was admitted to Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, from January to February 2019 for flank and pelvic pain, and poor general condition. Eight years ago, she was diagnosed as having pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma with multiple liver metastases and diabetes mellitus. The patient received chemotherapies from 2011 to 2018 along with radiation therapy in 2017 for bone metastases. On the second day of hospitalization, fever and chills began, accompanied by watery stool and abdominal pain. Her complete blood counts were as follows: leukocytes, 5.2×10/L (neutrophil 82.9%); hemoglobin, 88 g/L; platelets, 111×10/L. Results of biochemical analysis were as follows: BUN/Cr, 15.7/0.15 nmol/L; C-reactive protein, 1,625.7 nmol/L. Urinalysis with microscopy showed 2+ blood, 2+ ketone,


A big Ramsey spectrum of a countable chain C is a sequence of big Ramsey degrees of finite chains computed in C. In this paper we consider big Ramsey spectra of countable chains. We prove that a countable scattered chain has finite big Ramsey spectrum if and only if its Hausdorff degree is finite. Since big Ramsey spectra of all nonscattered countable chains are infinite, this completes the characterization of countable chains with finite big Ramsey spectra (or degrees).


Liposomes are one of the most well-known and promising nanoscale drug delivery systems. Liposomal medicinal products are successfully used in clinical practice for cardiovascular, oncological, dermatological, and other indications. The development of liposomes and their widespread implementation in clinical practice are relevant tasks.The aim of the study was to summarise and analyse scientific data regarding the structure, composition, and classification of liposomes, as well as specific aspects of liposome production methods.This review covers up-to-date information on marketed liposomal medicinal products. The authors illustrate how production methods affect the composition and structure of liposomes. The size and lamellarity are important characteristics of liposomes that determine the encapsulation efficiency and biodistribution of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The choice of excipients depends on the intended use of liposomal medicinal products. The article summarises the main liposome production methods, highlighting specific usage aspects, advantages and disadvantages. Conventional liposome production methods are easy to apply and do not require complex equipment, and their principal disadvantages include the low efficiency of API encapsulation within liposomes and the high complexity of scaling up technological processes. The authors pay special attention to microfluidic techniques for liposome preparation, which are characterised by a highly controlled technological process (in terms of size distribution and lamellarity), high reproducibility, and scalability to the level of industrial production and are applicable to encapsulating different APIs.


Objective To know the psychological stress level of pregnant women,and to explore the main stressors arising the psychological stress in pregnant women and to analyze the correlative factors,so as to decrease the stress level of pregnant women effectively.Methods It was a descriptive study.206 pregnant women were surveyed by questionnaire,using the pregnancy stress scale through the convenience sampling.Results The stress level of pregnant women was at a light level(1.528±0.380).The main stressor came from "the concern about the health and safety of mother and fetus"(1.972±0.600).Native place,intended pregnancy,home earning were the main influence factors comprising the psychological press.Conclusions Nurses should pay attention to the psychological stress among the pregnant women,give the corresponding nursing care according to the actual stressor,help the pregnant women get through the gestation and delivery smoothly,and insure mother and fetus healthy and safe.


The curing behavior of a high viscosity epoxy based resin used for pipe lining was studied by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Kinetics of the curing reaction were investigated by model fitting and model-free methods. Kamal model was selected as an appropriate model for fitting method. The parameters of this model was evaluated by genetic algorithm and an advanced isoconversional method was used in model-free method. Finally the ability of these models in prediction of a non-isothermal curing behavior was analyzed. The results showed that the isoconversional method was as effective as Kamal model and has good adoption to the experimental data.


Post-traumatic clinic research showed that a highly traumatic event, such as rape, is able to upset the balance of the victim and her family. Indeed, as a result of rape, feeling like the shame, the guilt and the inability to cope with the each other's gaze arise among families of the victims, particularly in some cultural contexts as is the case in Algeria. We recorded attitudes as the refusal and family abandonment among families of the victims, which made them more vulnerable and urged them to develop a chronic PTSD. It seems, in fact, that the negative attitudes of families are the cause of great suffering for the victims.  This is the finding that we made during our clinical work with a dozen victims of rape in Algeria. In this article, I try to identify and analyze, through the dreamlike stories provided by only three of these victims, in our clinical meetings, the multi-faceted or even images related to the representation of the family circle in the context of trauma. Keywords: Rape, Victim, Family, Algerian Girl, Dream, Speech, Clinical Interview.


Background
A large animal model is required for assessment of minimally invasive, tissue engineering based approaches to thoracic spine fusion, with relevance to deformity correction surgery for human adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Here we develop a novel open mini–thoracotomy approach in an ovine model of thoracic interbody fusion which allows assessment of various fusion constructs, with a focus on novel, tissue engineering based interventions.

Methods
The open mini-thoracotomy surgical approach was developed through a series of mock surgeries, and then applied in a live sheep study. Customized scaffolds were manufactured to conform with intervertebral disc space clearances required of the study. Twelve male Merino sheep aged 4 to 6 years and weighing 35 – 45 kg underwent the abovementioned procedure and were divided into two groups of six sheep at survival timelines of 6 and 12 months.

Each sheep underwent a 3-level discectomy (T6/7, T8/9 and T10/11) with randomly allocated implantation of a different graft substitute at each of the three levels;
(i) polycaprolactone (PCL) based scaffold plus 0.54μg rhBMP-2,
(ii) PCL-based scaffold alone or
(iii) autograft.
The sheep were closely monitored post- operatively for signs of pain (i.e. gait abnormalities/ teeth gnawing/ social isolation). Fusion assessments were conducted post-sacrifice using Computed Tomography and hard-tissue histology. All scientific work was undertaken in accordance with the study protocol has been approved by the Institute's committee on animal research.

Results.
All twelve sheep were successfully operated on and reached the allotted survival timelines, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of the surgical procedure and post-operative care. There were no significant complications and during the post-operative period the animals did not exhibit marked signs of distress according to the described assessment criteria. Computed Tomographic scanning demonstrated higher fusion grades in the rhBMP-2 plus PCL-based scaffold group in comparison to either PCL-based scaffold alone or autograft. These results were supported by histological evaluation of the respective groups.

Conclusion.
This novel open mini-thoracotomy surgical approach to the ovine thoracic spine represents a safe surgical method which can reproducibly form the platform for research into various spine tissue engineered constructs (TEC) and their fusion promoting properties.


Hereof formulate compactum litter damage to environment and society also expounded the significance of integrated management on basis of check on city living garbage.This text also research on the technology of recycle compactum litter and measure.


This paper explores M.V. Nadkarni's suggestion that Oriya, generally considered to be an Indo-Aryan language, may actually be viewed as a genetically-typologically disturbed Indo-Aryan language (personal communication, 1976). It also considers the significance of such taxonomic notions as Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, etc. in the context of our present-day understanding of language.


Intelligent distributed photovoltaic microgrid technology is conducive to the rational and large-scale development and utilization of solar energy resources, which is one of the important components of the future power system in Plateau and alpine regions. However, the efficiency of solar energy collection and utilization is greatly affected by the natural environment, and it is unstable, random and uncontrollable. Therefore, the reliability of power supply and the quality of power supply have become the breakthrough problems of intelligent distributed photovoltaic microgrid technology. In view of the stable operation of the intelligent distributed photovoltaic microgrid system in the plateau alpine region, this paper designs the photovoltaic module, energy storage management system and real-time monitoring system of the micro grid system, and analyzes its benefits.


The promise of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) was recognized long ago, but CAI is not widely used in college-level science and engineering curricula. Standup lectures remain the method of choice for delivering classroom instruction. In this paper, we describe an educational software package called ALECS (A Learning Environment for Computer Science). ALECS has been used in a first-semester computer science course to dramatically reduce the time devoted to standup lectures, which gives the instructor more time for tutoring. ALECS provides assistance in three areas: instruction, feedback and student tracking. We describe each of these areas and the changes ALECS enables in the structure of our courses and in the classroom.


The colposcope has had a tardy acceptance in gynecologic practice in this country. Its use, however, offers advantages in a more selective use of the cervical biopsy and extends the findings which the Papanicolaou provides.


The present work was carried out in I Center him Provincial of Training, Experimentation and Agricultural Extension "The Beehive" in the period 1996-1997, on a Brown soil with typical carbonate, being studied the behavior of bean varieties common of red grain for our conditions, being evaluated height of the plant in different moments, phenology of the cultivation, components of the yield and profitability, hurtling that the most precocious variety for our conditions was long Velazco, as for the height the long Velazco maintained a better behavior continued by the M 112, as for the analysis of the yield and its components the BAT 93 stood out as the variety of better results, all economically present favorable results when its production cost is analyzed.


In landfills for phosphogypsum disposal, a large volume of leachate (PGL) wastewater generated by the residual process water and by the rainfall percolation through the solid material must be managed. The leachate shall be properly treated before its discharge into surface water or its reuse; it has a very low pH and high concentrations of hazardous contaminants such as fluoride, nitrate, phosphate, ammonia, and heavy metals. On the basis of a technical evaluation, a membrane filtration process for the treatment of the leachate was proposed to produce a very good quality permeate, in compliance with the standard limit (CEE 91/271 directive). A membrane pilot plant, composed of an initial nanofiltration (NF) treatment and two reverse osmosis membrane stages placed in series (RO1 and RO2), was employed to produce a permeate that can be discharged or reused. A first campaign was carried out for comparison using the membrane pilot plant in the basic configuration; in the NF step, a recovery of 58% was obtaine...


Background Probiotics refer to living microorganisms that exerts a variety of beneficial effects on human health. On the contrary, they also can cause infection, produce toxins within the body, and transfer antibiotic resistant genes to the other microorganisms in the digestive tract necessitating a comprehensive safety assessment. This study aimed to conduct functional genomic analysis to uncover the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus TY-11 isolated from native yogurt in Bangladesh. We also performed Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) analysis, comparative genomic study as well as phylogenetic tree construction with 332 core genes from 262 genomes. These experiments on subspecies indicus were not studied previously. Results The strain TY-11 was identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus, whose genome (1916674bp) contained genes to adapt to diverse and stressful environments of the human gut, and no gene was identified for either antibiotic resistance or toxic metabolites. It embraced genes for the degradation of toxic metabolites, treatment of lactose intolerance, toll-like receptor 2-dependent innate immune response, heat and cold shock, bile salts tolerance in the gut, and acidic pH tolerance in the stomach. Genes were annotated for inhibiting pathogenic bacteria in the gut by inhibitory substances, (bacteriocin: Helveticin-J (331bp) and Enterolysin-A (275bp), hydrogen peroxide, and acid); blockage of adhesion sites; and competition for nutrients. Its metabolic pathway helped the human gut to recover the digestive disorders and digest indigestible nutrients. The TY-11 genome possessed additional 37 core genes of subspecies indicus which were deficient in the core genome of the most popular subspecies bularicus. Conclusions This is the first study to explore the molecular insights into intestinal residence and probiotic roles including antimicrobial activities of a representative strain (TY-11) of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus.


The invention in accordance with the amount of exhaust gas to be introduced into the interior of the reaction column, and adjusts the supply amount of liquid to treat the exhaust gas. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus for treating an exhaust gas, is provided in the interior of the reaction column and a reaction column where the exhaust gas inlet, main building where the liquid handling of the exhaust gas, and a plurality of ejecting the liquid supplied from the main It comprises ejecting portion, in accordance with the change of the flow rate of the liquid to be supplied to the main building, and provides a sum of the plurality of the ejection spout opening area of the liquid used for varying the exhaust gas processing device.


A brief survey is presented of trends in work reported at four International Stirling Engine Conferences held during the 1980s. The discussion covers international participation, publication sources and types, engine types, specialized engines, sponsoring institutions and observed trends.<<ETX>>


Nishida and colleagues conducted a Phase III placebo-controlled repeated knee injection study on persons with radiographically confirmed symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (1). This design allows for the determination of true effects of the active ingredient (diclofenac etalhyaluronate) over that attributable to placebo (contextual) injection effects and non-specific effects (2). My comments on the trial relate to three issues.


The author of this paper is Physician to the Royal Chest Hospital (London) and to the Surgical Unit at Papworth'Settlement. He points out that, in spite of the technical advances of recent years, there is much to be done before the diagnosis of early pulmonary tuberculosis is achieved. Increased propaganda and improved dispensary facilities for diagnosis have not materially affected the stage at which the disease is diagnosed, and the majority of sufferers are therefore still unsuitable for modern methods of treatment


A phytochemical study of the ethanol extract and an extraction of the volatile compounds, performed by means of Clevenger apparatus were carried out with the stem of Fusaea longifolia (Aubl.) Saff. (Annonaceae). The ethanol extract yielded O-methylmoschatoline, isolated for the first time in this species, and stepholidine, reported for the first time in genus Fusaea. The structural identification of the alkaloids was made based on the analysis of their NMR spectra. Through the use of GC and GC-MS, two sesquiterpenoids, a-cadinol (12.5%) and spatulenol (12.0%) were identified as the major constituents of the essential oil.


The spruce bark beetle (Ips typographhus) is one of the 25 000 species of insects in Sweden, an insect of great economic importance because it can alone terminate forest of high value. During the past decade, insights of climate change received with increasing attention. If the future brings a milder climate in the north and therefore a longer growing season, one would think that it would only affect the forestry to the better? Yet in recent time, outbreaks after storm felling seems to occur more frequently. The Spruce bark beetle ruins millions of cubic meter of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in Sweden alone, with more frequent storm felling and a larger amount of wind thrown threes in the forests there will also be room for an advancing reproduction. The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of how spruce bark beetle get affected by climate factors and which climate who have the greatest impact on their flight period.
The year 2009, forest owners in Medelpad County started to come across several groups of standing dead Norway spruce in the forest. When SCA and the Swedish Forestry Agency made an inventory 2010, they both could determent that it was the spruce bark beetle that caused it. The study has obtained data from the Swedish Forestry Agency during the period 2011-2013, the area trap catches are collected on are Kovland in Medelpad and the weather observations are received from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. The correlations reported seasonal climate in terms of average temperature and precipitation versus trap catches.
The study will not examine the biotic factors affecting bark beetle reproductive success.


Curtis points to important data about the paraoxonase-1 (PON1) gene that highlight some of the key features of, and a key assumption necessary for, all the causal inference benefits outlined in the invited perspective on the paper by Haley et al. on gene–environment (G×E) interaction between PON1 and nerve agent exposure in relation to Gulf War illness (GWI) that I coauthored. As Curtis points out, frequency of the PON1 R allele differs by ancestry. Therefore, if cases and controls differ in ancestry, there could be allele and genotype differences even if there is no effect of the gene on GWI. Curtis points to the lack of HardyWeinberg equilibrium (HWE) among the cases in the study by Haley et al. However, interpreting Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in cases is tricky: Although departure from HWE is an expected consequence of ancestral heterogeneity, it would also occur among the cases if the gene contributed to GWI. Haley et al. found controls to be in HWE. Nonetheless, case–control differences in allele frequency due to ancestry differences raise concern of bias because the adjustment Haley et al. used for race/ethnicity was minimal. Such case–control differences indeed may well have happened, but importantly, as Curtis points out, the resulting bias would be on the main effect of the gene, not the G×E interaction. (In our invited perspective, we outline the same scenario for recall bias of the environmental exposure.) The other question he poses, though—whether there could also be differences in nerve agent alarm exposure by ancestry—raises the possibility of G×E dependence, a violation of a key assumption necessary for the causal inference benefits of G×E interaction studies described in our perspective. However, rather than just speculate about this possibility, Haley et al. assessed G×E dependence directly—that is, genotype predicting exposure—in the controls (not among the cases because they would show G×E dependence if a true G×E interaction existed). The authors reported an odds ratio of 1.18 (95% confidence interval: 0.81, 1.73) for the G×E dependence. Thus, regardless of the distribution of ancestry or whether ancestry (only an indirect proxy of genetics) predicts nerve agent alarm exposure, in these data the genotype does not predict exposure. This suggests G×E independence and that the observed G×E interaction is, if anything, biased to the null. Further, even if we ignore the significance and assume there is a dependence at the level of an odds ratio of 1.18, it can be shown mathematically that this level of dependence places a maximal bound on bias of the G×E interaction. This bound is far lower than the G×E interaction found by Haley et al., further arguing that a true G×E interaction exists. The important points about the PON1 gene that Curtis raises further demonstrate the great advantages of G×E interaction studies from a causal inference perspective. Although the allele differences by ancestry are a potential source of bias for the main effect of the genotype, the study data actually suggest that they do not bias the G×E interaction.


In this study an analysis of the flow characteristics in three types of turbo-fans for a vacuum cleaner was performed by using CFD. The characteristics of three models calculated for various rotating speed for flow rates are obtained and compared with measured data. The mixing plane approach is applied to compute the flow between impeller and diffuser. The results show that the model that is modified to reduce fan noise gives stable flow characteristics in operating range than the original model, with both models show similar performance characteristics at the range of high flow rate. Since in the modified model it takes much longer for an impeller blade to pass a diffuser blade than in the original model, and the peak pressure at BPF can be relieved, it is anticipated that the modified model give much lower noise level with similar performance than the original one, which remains to be verified by unsteady computation and measurements. The good agreement between the predictions and measurement results confirms the validity of this study.


Biochemical circuits have been transformed from simple logic circuits to large-scale complex circuits, benefitting from the maturity of DNA strand displacement technology. Pattern recognition is a process of analyzing perceptual signals and identifying and interpreting objects. In this
 study, pattern recognition of 2 × 2 matrices based on DNA strand displacement was designed, including dual-rail circuits and seesaw circuits. The effective results were obtained by simulation in Visual DSD software, simultaneously, the pattern recognition and DNA strand displacement
 technology were perfectly combined.


Objective To explore the clinical feature of patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus with low triiodothyroxine(T3) syndrome.Methods Collected the clinical data of 46 cases patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with low T3 syndrome(observation group) and 50 cases patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(control group),and compared.Results The free T3(FT3) and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) level of observation group were lower than that of control group,the difference had statistically significant(P0.01);And the level of total cholesterol,triglyceride and incidence rate of cardiovascular disease were higher than that of control group,the difference were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion The type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with low T3 syndrome has a high risk for cardiovascular disease,regular monitoring of thyroid function may help patients with diabetes mellitus prevent cardiovascular disease.


DNA from ten nouse genomic clones, eacb containing distinct y-actin processed pseudogenes, was subjected to electron microscopic beteroduplex analysis, and in three cases (XmA36, AmA118 and XmA119) tbe beteroduplez formed with tbe DNA of a reference clone was found to be interrupted by a single-stranded loop. Tbe generalc regions corresponding to these loops were subjected to structural analysis and they were found to represent different elements (IEa) inserted into the pseudogenes in a manner that gave rise to short target-site direct repeats. IB 36 (S00 base-pairs in length) was found to be an intercisternal A-partlcle solo long terminal repeat (LTR), a 46 nucleotlde region of which bad undergone five-fold tandem amplification and subsequent mutation. IB 119 (501 base-pairs in length) was also a solo LTH, bearing similarity to the recently-described GLN-3 class of raurine retroviral-like elements. IB 118 (865 base-pairs in length) is repeated 1000-2000 times in the mouse genome. It is not related to any known class of mobile elements, but does possess some sequence motifs that suggest it may be an LTB of a hitherto unrecognised family of retroviral-like elements. It also possesses a 26 out of 27 nucleotide identity to a region of the flanking pseudogene, suggesting that it may have suffered gene conversion.


The force-constancy hypothesis states that the user of a force-feedback device maintains a constant penetration force when stroking virtual surfaces in order to perceive their topography. The hypothesis was developed to address a real-world data perceptualization problem where the perception of surface topography was distorted when the surface stiffness was nonuniform. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment I, we recorded the penetration depths of the probe tip while the user stroked two surfaces with equal height but different stiffness values. We found that the data could be quantitatively modeled by the force-constancy hypothesis when the virtual surfaces were neither too soft nor too hard. In Experiment II, we demonstrated that given two adjacent surfaces, their perceived height difference depended on both the surface stiffness values as well as the relative heights of the surfaces. Specifically, we showed that the higher but softer surface could be perceived to be lower, at the same height, or higher than the other surface, depending on how much higher it was than the other surface. The results were consistent with the predictions of the force-constancy hypothesis. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding the interplay of haptic rendering parameters.


Results are reported of some-tests aimed at determinmg the effect of sidewall compresslon III a " two-dimensional " lntslce having combined external/internal compression and a design Mach number of 2.2. Sidewall oompresslon results from the chamfers that are necessary to provide thickness for the splitter plate separatmng the two units of a twin cell intake. The results suggest that the maximum penalty likely to result from the introduction of sldewall compresslon will be about 1 per cent on pressme recovery. 'i?ith further development the penalty may be elimmated.


Objective
To explore the expression profile of colon cancer associated transcript 2 (CCAT2)in non- small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and study the biological function of CCAT2 in vitro.

Methods
Ninety- one couple of lung carcinoma tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues were collected for dection of the expression levels of CCAT 2 in NSCLC. Specific targeted small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)were designed and synthesized to silence the CCAT 2 expression in NCl- H1975 cells.The experiment was divided into CCAT 2- silenced group and negative control group.Proliferation of NSCLC cells was measured by cell counting kit- 8(CCK- 8) assay. Migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing assay and Transwell assay respectively.

Results
CCAT 2 was significantly over- expressed in NSCLC tissues as compared with paired adjacent non- tumor tissues, with an average up- regulation fold of 7.21.Intriguingly, over- expression of CCAT2 was significantly associated with lung adenocarcinoma (P<0.05).CCK- 8 assay showed that the absorbance of CCAT 2- silenced group was significantly lower than that of negative control.The results of wound healing assay of the two groups were 194.2±18.3 and 62.4±5.2(P<0.01), and the number of cells passing the membrance was 79.8±6.8 and 244.2±14.8 (P<0.01)in Transwell assay, respectively.Silencing CCAT 2 by siRNA led to the inhibition of proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cell lines in vitro.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that CCAT 2 is a lung adenocarcinoma specific lncRNA and promotes proliferation and invasion of NSCLC.

Key words:
Colon cancer associated transcript 2; Long noncoding RNA; Lung adenocarcinoma; Biological function


Background
 In pediatric hematologic malignancy, the incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFI) is ~ 5-10% and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for the largest group at risk and has the largest absolute number of IFI. Antifungal prophylaxis has the potential to mitigate risk of invasive infections in ALL but is not currently standard of care due to the paucity of data in ALL subgroups. A recent systematic review showed a significant reduction in proven/probable IFI and fungal infection-related mortality in pediatric patients when using a mold active agent compared with fluconazole, therefore an echinocandin was selected for systemic antifungal prophylaxis in our institution. In this study we investigate the incidence of IFI in patients with ALL in a highly endemic area (Ohio River Valley) and describe the impact of echinocandin prophylaxis in this population.
 Methods
 We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients <25 years with ALL from 2015 to 2021 at Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY. IFI was classified as possible, probable, or proven as defined by the 2020 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/ Mycoses Study Group Consensus Group. Patients were then analyzed in 2 subgroups based on prophylaxis with caspofungin. Inpatient administration of caspofungin was given to patients with high-risk B-ALL (HR B-ALL) and T-ALL as outlined in Table 1. Patient and IFI characteristics were collected, and cumulative incidence analyses used for subgroup comparisons.
 Results
 Demographics and patient characteristics are summarized in Table 2. Between 2015 to 2020 we identified 100 patients with ALL. Mean age at diagnosis was 7.2 years and 43% were female. We identified 14 unique cases of IFI in 13 patients with ALL who did not receive prophylaxis with caspofungin during 2015 to 2020 (14%). Prior to the implementation of prophylaxis, IFI occurred in 0% (0/43) of the SR B-ALL group, 18.2% (6/33) in HR B-ALL group and 35% (8/23) in T-ALL group. IFI incidence was highest in induction and consolidation phases (71.4%) and implicated species during these phases included Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, and Papulasopora. From April 2020 to July 2021, there were 22 newly diagnosed patients with ALL, 11 (50%) of whom received inpatient prophylaxis with caspofungin. There was 1 case (4.5%) of reported IFI during delayed intensification (no prophylaxis at the time of infection). As seen in Figure 1, patients with HR B-ALL and T-ALL who were hospitalized and received caspofungin during induction saw a notable decrease in the cumulative incidence of IFI, from 18.3% to 0% at 6 months into treatment before reaching similar levels in the patients who did not receive prophylaxis.

 Conclusion
 In our pediatric population, patients with T-ALL and HR B-ALL were more likely to develop IFI than those with SR B-ALL. Prophylaxis with caspofungin and inpatient hospitalization during induction were effective strategies for reducing the incidence of IFI in induction and consolidation for our high-risk leukemia population. This approach should be validated in larger studies with special consideration being given to patients in fungal endemic areas.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 Raj: Terumo Medical Corporation: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Forma therapeutics: Consultancy; Global biotherapeutics: Speakers Bureau.


Observations of three solar radio bursts, obtained with the Very Large Array of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory at 6 cm wavelength, have been combined with meter observations from the Mark III Nancay Radioheliograph. There is a good correlation between solar activity observed at the two wavelength domains. A small change by about 10 sec in the centimetric burst location corresponds to a large change, by about 0.5 solar radius, in the related metric type III burst location. This indicates discrete injection/acceleration regions and the presence of very divergent magnetic fields. The bursts come from two distinct active regions. With two-dimensional spatial resolution, it is shown that, in this sample, each active region possesses a coronal extension that is separated from that of the neighboring active region.


This paper uses the probit and logit model to analyze the choice of protection method of technological innovation of SMEs based on the data of Xi'an. Result shows that SMEs uses fewer patents to protect the achievements in technological innovation,SMEs which have more RD,in the medium high-tech industry,with innovative cooperation agreement (horizontal or vertical cooperation) are tend to use speed,but SMEs which have less RD,in high-tech industries or RD services,process innovation or in a discrete products industry are tend to use trade secrets.