The relative roles of surface and topological effects on the nuclear relaxation rates T−11, T−12, and T−11ρ of polar or nonpolar liquids in porous sol‐gel silica glasses are identified via their very different pore size and frequency dependences. On the basis of theory, experimental relaxation rates, and molecular dynamics simulations for the modeled porous systems, the 1/Ti's are interpreted in terms of a linear combination of bulk, confinement, and surface effects: 1/Ti = 1/Tibulk + ai/R2+ bi/R, where R is the average pore size and ai and bi are given in terms of the usual relaxation parameters of the studied molecular species. This simple expression which allows the determination of the relative roles of surface and topological effects has been used to fit the observed 1H NMR relaxation rates as a function of pore size and frequency for methylcyclohexane, nitrobenzene, pyridine, and toluene both for nonmodified and surface modified porous silica glasses. Using this method, the surface (∝1/R) and pure g...


Background and purpose: PEI is a cationic polymer able to neutralise negative DNA charges and to condense large genes which makes it suitable for gene delivery in human cells. Despite its low cost, simplicity of use and moderate toxicity, there is still room for broader usage and experimental adjustments, especially in cell lines that are difficult to transfect. In the presented research, we used PEI for the delivery of plasmid DNA into TNBC cell line SUM159 and breast CSC model HMLE-Twist.Material and methods: Cultured cells were transfected with GFP-expressing plasmid using both PEI and Lipofectamin. Transfection efficiency was determined by flow cytometry measurements of the intensity of the green fluorescence, while viability was determined by measuring intensity of the red fluorescence after propidium iodide staining. Results: In SUM159 and HMLE-Twist cells we obtain transfection efficiency between 30-40% using PEI, while cytotoxicity was generally low to moderate. PEI caused 10% of cell death in SUM159 and 20 % in HMLE-Twist. Transfection efficiency of PEI was comparable and even higher than the efficiency of the Lipofectamine in both SUM159 and HMLE-Twist. In mammary epithelia (control HMLE) we obtained only 20 % transfection efficiency using both carriers.Conclusions: We demonstrated for the first time that PEI represents a suitable nanocarrier for gene delivery into breast CSC model. We successfully transfected both breast CSC model HMLE-Twist and TNBC line SUM159. Since PEI is inexpensive and easy to use, we recommend it for further exploitations of these cell lines in TNBC research.


Identity-based broadcast encryption is tool for communicating multiple copies of a single message to a selective group of users, identified by their identities in such a manner that others are unable to access the content. A multi-privileged group is a group of users where the users have different access privileges. This paper proposes an identity-based broadcast encryption scheme for multi-privileged groups that preserves the identities of the users which is developed using Chinese remainder theorem and bilinear pairing. It also ensures forward and backward secrecy with reference to user join and leave. Comparison of the proposed scheme with the existing schemes has shown that the proposed scheme is performing better. Security of the scheme is proven under random oracle model.


Epilepsy is one of the most frequent neurological alterations affecting significantly the quality of life of the individuals who suffer it. Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most severe types of epilepsies commonly presented in the world population. It is characterized by neuronal damage in regions of the limbic system, such as the amygdala and the hippocampus (mesial temporal lobe sclerosis). These lesions provoke alterations in cognitive processes, including learning and memory. Since epilepsy is a highly prevalent disease in the world population, experimental models have been implemented to investigate its physiopathology and test the effectiveness of anticonvulsive drugs. The Kainic Acid (KA) model to produce TLE in rats and phenobarbital (PB) as antiepileptic drug were used in this study. Four groups of rats trained on a spatial task were used and once they met the learning criteria, one group was administered with saline solution, the second group with PB, the third with KA, and the last group with PB+KA. Results indicate that the epileptic seizures induced by KA produced deficits on reference (p<0.01) and working memories (p<0.001). PB administered 30 minutes prior KA inhibited the development of status epilepticus, protected against alterations of reference memory and minimized those of working memory. These findings suggest that reference and working memories are a part of different functional systems.


ABSTRACT This article focuses on a recent enhancement to the WorldCat Collection Analysis tool, the Interlibrary Loan Analyses module, exploring the possibilities that this enhancement offers for strategic collection development. The study concentrates on the tool as a way to assess the impact of the recent growth at North Carolina State University in biomedicine and human medicine programs. The research contained in this article originated from a session presented at XXVII Annual Charleston Conference, which was held in Charleston, South Carolina, on November 8, 2007.


In this article, we discuss some issues concerning magical thinking— forms of thought and association mechanisms characteristic of early stages of mental development. We also examine good reasons for having an ambivalent attitude concerning the later permanence in life of these archaic forms of association, and the coexistence of such intuitive but informal thinking with logical and rigorous reasoning. At the one hand, magical thinking seems to serve the creative mind, working as a natural vehicle for new ideas and innovative insights, and giving form to heuristic arguments. At the other hand, it is inherently difficult to control, lacking effective mechanisms needed for rigorous manipulation. Our discussion is illustrated with many examples from the Hebrew Bible, and some final examples from modern science.


A real coded genetic algorithm is applied to synthesize the array antenna pattern.The maximum relative sidelobe level of antenna arrary is optimized by controlling the amplitude, element positions based on genetic algorithm.It includes controlling the width of mainlobe level. Good results show that the genetic algorithm is an effective method for solving such problems and the sidelobe level can reach -33.6100dB,the characteristic of antenna arrary radition pattern is improved.Pattern synthesis of antenna array is actualized successfully using this approach. Genetic algorithm shows its good application potentials.


The goal of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate a potential of chitosan nanoparticles as carriers for the lovastatin drug. Lovastatin is a BCS class-II drugs having low solubility and high permeability. Since lovastatin undergoes extensive first pass extraction in the liver, the availability of the drug to the general circulation is low (< 5%). Nanoparticles were prepared by modified ionotropic gelation method using 32 full factorial design. From the preliminary trials, the constraints for independent variables X1 (concentration of chitosan) and X2 (concentration of sodium tripolyphosphate) have been fixed. Factors included concentration of chitosan and STPP, have been examined to investigate effect on particle size, encapsulation efficiency, zeta potential, % release, SEM, FTIR, XRD and DSC analysis of lovastatin. Release study was conducted by in vitro dialysis membrane method using phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 37°C. The diameter of prepared nanoparticles was controlled in the range of 100 -800nm. Experimental results showed that lovastatin encapsulation efficiency was decreasing with increasing chitosan concentration. The particle size is independent of encapsulation efficiency. Spectrograms of FTIR and DSC showed that lovastatin physically absorbed by chitosan matrix. SEM photographs demonstrated prepared nanoparticles were in spherical shape and narrow diameter distribution. In vitro drug release study of selected factorial formulations (CL1, CL4, CL7) showed, 87.42± 0.020%, 85.72± 0.025%, and 78.88± 0.025% release respectively in 24 hrs. The Zeta potential of all the batches were in the range of + 30 mv and batch CL4 was found to be + 35.32 mv. So it conclude that prepared all formulation were good stability. The release profiles of all batches were very well fitted by both the zero order mode and the anomalous transport. These results indicate that lovastatin nanoparticles could be effective in sustaining drug release for a prolonged period.


Subclinical mastitis is a mammary gland disease with a high prevalence and complex diagnostics. Innate and adaptive immunity are the main protective factors of the organ. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in some specific and non-specific defence factors of the mammary gland. The results showed that the main cell population in milk obtained from healthy animals was macrophages (51%), and in the presence of subclinical mastitis PMNs (68.5%) whit increase of their oxygen-dependent microbicidal activity. Lysozyme and lactoferrin levels also rise (by 198% and 337%) in affected animals. Measurements of immunoglobulin levels showed elevations in IgG (by 41%), IgM (by 79%) and IgA (by 75%). The development of subclinical mastitis in sheep leads to an increase in PMNs and their microbicidal activity in milk. In the presence of subclinical mastitis, the levels of lysozyme and lactoferrin, as well as the concentrations of immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA elevates.


After Dimocarpus longan Lour.stem was subjected to freezing injury,the injured symptom of cells and tissues was gradually aggravated, especially in vascular cambium.Most cells of D. longan Lour.stem would shrink and distort,and develop into break and disorganization, which caused the seperation between xylem and phloem.With the temperature's rising again, the stem,which became grown in appearance because of freezing injury but was not wizened,could derive callus from its injured cambium,and then callus generated new vascular cambium,which could make injured stem recover its growth.


The popular algorithms for Thevenin equivalent parameters,which is now widely used,and its major reason leading to wrong results were analyzed. Tracing algorithm for Thevenin equivalent parameters based on complete differential equation was presented in consideration of parameter variation during calculation. Differentiation characterizes the parameter variations in this method. This method overcomes computation error caused by the assumption that the parameters remaining constant in two neighboring time steps. It is adaptable,simple and less computation. The analysis results of DC simple system and IEEE 10 system show that the algorithm can guarantee the tracking Thevenin equivalent parameters close to the reality.


SUMMARY A series of studies were carried out to measure the methane (CH4) production by Japanese goats fed 19 different diets (D1–D19) varying in nutritive composition in the open circuit respiration chamber (RC) and to compare them with CH4 estimated by the in vitro gas production test (IVGPT). Adult Japanese goats (>2 years old) with a mean body weight of 26±5·4 kg were used in these experiments. Each diet was fed to four randomly selected goats and feeding was carried out at 1·1 maintenance (M) as per National Research Council (NRC) (1981) for goats. Average CH4 emission by goats in the RC ranged from 0·23 to 0·39 (mean value 31 ml/g dry matter intake (DMI)); when it was expressed as a proportion of gross energy or, with methane conversion rate (MCR), it ranged from 5·0 to 8·2, with an average of 6·6. Incorporation of by-products like sweet potato vine silage (SPVS) (P=0·016), dried pumpkin (P=0·052) and brewers' grain in the diet suppressed (P<0·01) methanogenesis in goats, when compared with that of standard farm diet (D1). The CH4 output measured in the RC was very close to that estimated from the gas collected after 24 h and higher after 48 h of in vitro incubation. Although composition of the diets' acid detergent fibre (ADF) had a significant effect on methane emission, methane output estimated by IVGPT was very close to that measured in the RC demonstrating that this system could be used to estimate the CH4 production potential from diets in preparing a database and also in the planning of mitigation strategies in small ruminants to improve their performance as well as to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.


The leaf essential oils of six members of the Annonaceae from Monteverde, Costa Rica ( Desmopsis bibracteata , Desmopsis microcarpa , Guatteria costaricensis , Guatteria diospyroides , Guatteria oliviformis , and Unonopsis costaricensis ) have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS in order to compare and contrast the volatile chemical compositions of these species. The essential oils were screened for in-vitro cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 and Hs 578T human breast tumor cells, and antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus , Staphylococcus aureus , and Escherichia coli . The principal components of D. bibracteata were germacrene D (29.9%), ( E)-caryophyllene (11.5%), and � -cadinene (9.2%). D. microcarpa was dominated by bicyclogermacrene (45.5%) and germacrene D (28.3%). G. costaricensis was rich in �- and �-pinenes (36.3% and 48.2%, respectively). The leaf oil of G. diospyroides was composed largely of germacrene D (46.4%), ( Z)-�-ocimene (17.4%), ( E)-�-ocimene (12.0%), and ( E)-caryophyllene (10.3%). Germacrene D dominated the leaf oil of G. oliviformis (73.3%) as well as U. costaricensis (62.9%). The leaf essential oils of D. bibracteata , G. diospyroides , G. oliviformis , and U. costaricensis , showed notable cytotoxicity on MDA-MB-231 cells ( ≥ 99% kill at 100 μg/mL) but only D. bibracteata leaf oil was cytotoxic to Hs 578T. D. bibracteata , G. diospyroides , G. oliviformis , and U. costaricensis leaf oils showed marginal antibacterial activity against B. cereus (MIC = 156 μg/mL). A cluster analysis of Guatteria species, based on the abundant essential oil components, has revealed a spathulenol-rich cluster (Brazilian species) and a germacrene D cluster (Costa Rican species).


While there are no satisfactory explanations for the formation of fibre and staple crimp, there has been general agreement with the conclusion of Barker and Norris (1930) that crimp formation represents a periodic function of time, being little influenced by the growth characteristics of the fibres. There has also been acceptance of their evidence that a crimp is formed every 7-8 days, although Chapman (1965), observed that only three quarters of a crimp wave had formed in 9 days. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the duration of crimp formation and its variation in Merino sheep from flocks genetically different in clean fleece weight (and crimp frequency) as a result of selective breeding for either high or low clean fleece weight per head. The sheep studied were the progeny of 2 flocks of ewes, obtained after joining Fleece Plus (Fl+) or Minus (Fl-) rams to a flock of medium Peppin Merino ewes. Fl ewes were then joined with either Fl+ and Flrams for 3 years. The Fl+ and Flflocks are closed and form part of a long term selection experiment. Replacement sheep are chosen on the basis of a high (Fl+) or low (Fl-) clean fleece weight measured at the hogget shearing. The lambs were weaned when 3-4 months old, and shorn at 8 and 20 months. At 9 months, wool was clipped from midside skin using fine animal clippers. The regrowth wool was harvested just before shearing. These staples provided the wool for measurement of staple length and crimp frequency. The former was measured on 5 staples, and latter at 3 positions (base, middle, tip) on each of 3 staples. The average staple length and crimp frequency were determined, from which the time required to form a crimp in the staples of each sheep was computed. The data were analysed, using a generalised least squares programme REG (Gilmour 1987).


Due to substantial increase in the amount of information on the Internet, it has become extremely difficult to search for relevant documents needed by the users. To solve this problem, Text summarization is used which produces the summary of documents such that the summary contains important content of the document. This paper proposes a better approach for text summarization using lexical chaining and correlation of sentences. Lexical chains are created using Wordnet . The score of each Lexical chain is calculated based on keyword strength, Tf-idf & other features. The concept of using lexical chains helps to analyze the document semantically and the concept of correlation of sentences helps to consider the relation of sentence with preceding or succeeding sentence. This improves the quality of summary generated. In this paper we discuss a summarization method, which combines lexical chaining with correlation of sentences in which relation of a sentence with the preceding sentence is considered. Our experiments show that the inclusion of both these features improves the quality of summary generated.


Abstract : A general explicit solution to the powered flight dynamics of a rocket vehicle having constant thrust and constant effective exhaust velocity is presented. The use of this solution in guidance techniques is demonstrated.


Abstract Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit. Several pathophysiological associations have been identified in which Propionibacterium acnes plays a major role. Although there are a number of antibiotic therapies suggested for acne, many of them have limitations in their safety and efficacy. Therefore, there is a high demand to develop a safe alternative therapy for acne. Fullerene is an emerging nanomaterial believed to be a potential candidate for the treatment of acne due to its antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The low water solubility of fullerene limits its application in the cosmeceutical products. In the present study, a water soluble derivative of fullerene, glycine-fullerene conjugate (Gly-Ful), was developed and optimized using Design expert® software. As the positively charged molecules could act directly on the negatively charged bacterial cellular membranes, chitosan surface modified glycine-fullerene conjugate nanoparticles (Chi-Gly-Ful NPs) were prepared and Chi-Gly-Ful NPs gel was formulated for topical use in acne treatment. In vitro susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes to Chi-Gly-Ful NPs formulation and comparator drug (streptomycin) was evaluated. The results showed that Chi-Gly-Ful NPs formulation inhibited effectively the growth of P. acnes and showed comparable antibacterial activity to streptomycin. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC) for Chi-Gly-Ful NPs was 8 µg/ml. Chi-Gly-Ful NPs at the concentrations of 25–400 µM showed no cytotoxicity on L929 fibroblast cells. Conclusively, our present work showed for the first time that Chi-Gly-Ful NPs has antimicrobial effects against P. acnes with no cytotoxic effect, suggesting Chi-Gly-Ful NPs as a promising novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of acne.


Several presowing seed treatments have been used to facilitate the seed germination and seedling emergence. The study was performed to design a model of presowing seed treatments in Taraxacum platycarpum. Germination and seedling growth responses to temperature, drying, chilling, and priming were investigated to know the optimum germination conditions and presowing treatment. The optimum temperature condition for germination and seedling growth were at dark condition. The seeds exposed to infra red light, however, did not germinate. The moisture content of seeds dried at for 3.5 hours was returned to the level of unimbibed seeds. The germination of seeds dried under dark condition was better than those dried under infra red light. Prechilling treatment imposed for 6 weeks showed higher germination rate than treatment or priming. In field test, the highest field emergence was observed in the seeds dried after prechilled for 6 weeks and followed by drying followed by > low temperature > priming. Imbibition with 0.1 mM solution for 2 hours then drying at 35 for 3.5 hour under dark condition was effective to the practical presowing treatment for Taraxacum seeds.


Functional components from Campbell Early grape peel were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction technology. The experiments were carried out according to a five level, three variable central composite rotatable design. The best possible combinations of extraction variables were obtained for the maximum phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of grape peel extracts using response surface methodology. The optimal conditions include 53.14% ethanol, 46.03°C temperature and 24.03 min time for the maximum total phenolic compounds (6.70 mg GAE/ 100 mL) and 53.06% ethanol, 50.65°C temperature and 25.58 min time for the maximum antioxidant activity (555.90 mg/L). Under these conditions, the experimental total phenolics were 6.67 mg GAE/100 mL and antioxidant activity was 554.84 mg/L of the grape peel extract, which is well matched with the predicted values.


We have previously shown that resting B cells are able to expand T regulatory cells through TGF-beta3 whereas activated B cells induce increased apoptosis of T regulatory cells. Thus, we hypothesize that resting B cells can be used to induce antigen-specific T regulatory cells. To test our hypothesis, we isolate resting B cells from mice and load the cells with Ova, and then adoptively transfer the B cells to Ova-specific TCR transgenic mice. We determine numbers of OVA-specific T effector cells and T regulatory cells in the adoptively transferred mice and in control mice that receive untreated resting B cells alone by flow cytometry (Foxp3). We further determine if these T regulatory cells mediate immunosuppressive activities by using proliferation assay in vitro and by in vivo prevention of immune response against challenge with OVA + adjuvant. This study will provide basis to develop approaches to induce antigen-specific T regulatory cells to treat inflammatory diseases such as allergy and autoimmune diseases.


The synthesis, characterization and application of biologically synthesized nanomaterials have become important research areas in nanotechnology, and the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plants is being increasingly studied largely because this approach is considered to lack the problems associated with conventional synthesis. Here we report the synthesis and characterization (using a scanning electron microscope) of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained using extracts of leaves of the medicinal plants, Artemisia sieberi and Calotropis procera. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed the characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles which were confirmed by analyzing the excitation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using UV–vis spectrophotometer at 482 nm. SEM analysis of the synthesized Ag NPs clearly showed that the particles were predominantly spherical in shape, mostly aggregated and having a size around 8–20 nm. Finally, we consider that the nanoparticles synthesized in this study have potential for wide application in nanotechnology and nanomedicine.


Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy in children and adolescents, and the optimal treatment modality in youths has not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term treatment outcomes and complications associated with childhood and adolescent NPC.


Copper(II) chelates have been prepared from a series of 3-alkylacetylacetones, R(acac) (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C4H9, n-C7H15, n-C16H33, and CH2C6H5). Their absorption spectra have been examined in the solid state and in solution in benzene and heterocyclic bases. Formation constants for 1 : 1 adducts with pyridine, 2-methyl-pyridine, and 4-methylpyridine are smaller than those for Cu(acac)2 and not affected by variation of R. Analysis of the absorption spectra throws further light on the assignment of absorption bands in the ligand field region. Instability of solutions of the chelates in heterocyclic bases is due to cleavage of the β-diketones with the formation of acetate, followed by further decomposition of unknown nature.


Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) are noted for their small size and low-Reynolds number flight regime. Because they have small mass, they are attractive for use in sensing of toxic plumes. This mission requires high aerodynamic efficiency and the ability to be quickly and easily launched. A variable-sweep wing is investigated to meet these goals. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate that sweeping the wings can provide plausible drag characteristics over a range of flight speeds. By sweeping the wing from 15◦ to 65◦, L/D is improved by a factor of 2.6 at high speeds. This is caused by a decrease in parasitic drag corresponding to increased sweep angle.


The concept of 'mindfulness' is increasingly used in the intercultural literature and yet so far it is largely just a heterogeneous construct with underspecified theoretical content. In this paper we draw on multidisciplinary perspectives to address this shortcoming and develop an integrated analysis of this important construct. We relate 'mindfulness' explicitly to the Relevance-theoretic concept of "manifestness", and we incorporate insights from the psychology of motivation. We use extracts of authentic intercultural interactions to help explain and illustrate our arguments.


The organohalide-respiring sulfate-reducing Desulfoluna spongiiphila DBB and Desulfoluna butyratoxydans MSL71T were isolate from marine intertidal sediment and estuarine sediment, respectively. Strain DBB and strain MSL71T respired various brominated aromatic compounds. Genome sequencing reveals both strains encode reductive dehalogenase genes, corrinoid biosynthesis genes, sulfur metabolism genes and genes for detoxification of reactive oxygen species enabling them to perform organohalide respiration in marine environments rich in sulfate and (natural) organobromine compounds.


Numerous theoretical and experimental studies have established the principle that beams conveying orbital angular momentum offer a rich scope for information transfer. However, it is not clear how far it is practicable to operate such a concept at the single-photon level - especially when such a beam propagates through a system in which scattering can occur. In cases where scattering leads to photon deflection, it produces losses; however in terms of the retention of information content, there should be more concern over forward scattering. Based on a quantum electrodynamical formulation of theory, this paper aims to frame and resolve the key issues. A quantum amplitude is constructed for the representation of single and multiple scattering events in the propagation an individual photon, from a suitably structured beam. The analysis identifies potential limitations of principle, undermining complete fidelity of quantum information transmission.


The nutritional status of children has an important role in their adequate growth and development. The objective of this study was to evaluate food intake and nutritional status in preschool children in a municipal school in Bebedouro-SP, through the application of a Food Frequency Questionnaire and anthropometric evaluation. It is an observational, cross-sectional analytical study, with 43 children of both sexes, from 4 to 6 years old, randomly selected. The weight / age, height / age and BMI / age indices were used to classify the nutritional status. The dates were evaluate using descriptive statistics. Results showed that 36% of 4-year-old and eutrophic children, 21% aged 5 -6 years also presented adequate weight. In relation to height, 95% of the children had adequate height for different ages. It was observed that in all age groups there is inadequate consumption of fruits, vegetables and cereals. Therefore, it is concluded that the preschool stage is a good moment for the formation of good eating habits that respect the characteristics of each child, but it is necessary to monitor the nutritional status, as well as the feeding of the children of this age group.


One of the frontier research areas common to both nuclear and particle physics is the study of hadron structure and the strong interaction. In this contribution we will discuss a plan for a polarized electron-ion collider in China (EicC) and its physics goals.


Using the sample of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by Swift-BAT before 2007 June, we measure the cumulative distribution of the peak photon fluxes (log N–log P) of the Swift bursts. Compared with the BATSE sample, we find that the two distributions are consistent after correcting the bandpass difference, suggesting that the two instruments sample the same population of bursts. We also compare the log N–log P distributions for subsamples of the Swift bursts and find evidence for a deficit (99.75% confident) of dark bursts without optical counterparts at high peak flux levels, suggesting different redshift or γ-ray luminosity distributions for these bursts. The consistency between the log N–log P distributions for the optically detected bursts with and without redshift measurements indicates that the current sample of the Swift bursts with redshift measurements, although selected heterogeneously, represents a fair sample of the nondark bursts. We calculate the luminosity functions of this sample in two redshift bins (z < 1 and z ⩾ 1), and find that a broken power law is needed to fit the low-redshift bin, where dN/dL ∝ L−1.27±0.06 for high luminosities (Lpeak > 5 × 1048 ergs-1) and dN/dL ∝ L−2.3±0.3 for low luminosities, confirming the results of several studies for a population of low-luminosity GRBs.


Paper refers to the effects of local resources activation on rural areas with reference to the assessment of Leader Programme implementation in the Wielkopolska voivodeship. Particular attention was given to the fi rst effects of Leader Programme with regard to the level of expenditure and area of activity undertaken by Local Action Groups. The paper includes the review of budgets of Local Action Groups in Wielkopolska Voivodeship, and their allocations to particular measures and years. The obtained results point out the level of budgetary spending by Local Action Groups. This analysis shows the advancement level and fi rst effects of Leader Programme's adaptation.


Objective:To study the effect of total saponins from Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae on hyperuricemia models and verify its anti-inflammatory effect in vitro.Methods:Mice were divided into normal group,model group,positive group and total saponins groups of different doses.SUA as well as the activities of XOD and ADA in the blood serum of hyperuricemia mice were observed.The mRNA expression of OAT1 in the renal was further identified by realtime PCR.Human poly-morphonuclear leucocytes(PMNL) were extracted.After incubated with drugs,MSU was used to stimulate the cells.Release rates of β-glucuronidase(β-GD) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were observed.Results:Total saponins from Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae of different doses(600,300,30mg/kg) could significantly reduce uric acid level and the activities of both XOD and ADA in the serum of hyperuricemia mice(P0.05).Meanwhile,it could up-regulated mRNA expression of OAT1(P0.05).Total saponins from Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae of different doses(200,100,50μg/mL) could significantly inhibit the releasing rates of β-GD and LDH from PMNL which were incubated with MSU(P0.05).Conclusion:There were uric acid reducing effect as well as anti-inflammatory effect of total saponins from Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae.The mechanism of reducing uric acid might be caused by inhibiting the production of uric acid and promoting the excretion of uric acid.


Calvino belonged to the Parisian literary group OULIPO (Ouvroir de Litterature Potentiel), another well-known member being Georges Perec, who remarked that about a quarter of his work could be classified as "sociological," and some of whose work can profitably be seen as a kind of sociology: a description of social reality that contains, even if implicitly, social theories or, at least, the raw materials for such theories.


This study investigated the correlation between bone characteristics, the design of orthodontic mini-implants, the pull-out force, and primary stability. This experimental in vitro study has examined commercial orthodontic mini-implants of different sizes and designs, produced by two manufacturers: Tomas-pin SD (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany) and Perfect Anchor (Hubit, Seoul, Korea). The total number of 40 mini-implants were tested. There are two properties that are common to all tested implants—one is the material of which they are made (titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V), and the other is the method of their insertion. The main difference between the mini-implants, which is why they have been selected as the subject of research in the first place, is reflected in their geometry or design. Regardless of the type of implant, the average pull-out forces were found to be higher for a cortical bone thickness (CBTC) of 0.62–0.67 mm on average, compared to the CBTC < 0.62 mm, where the measured force averages were found to be lower. The analysis of variance tested the impact of the mini-implant geometry on the pull-out force and proved that there is a statistically significant impact (p < 0.015) of all three analyzed geometric factors on the pull-out force of the implant. The design of the mini-implant affects its primary stability. The design of the mini-implant affects the pulling force. The bone quality at the implant insertion point is important for primary stability; thus, the increase in the cortical bone thickness increases the value of the pulling force significantly.


The aim of this work was to study the in-plane dynamic impact behavior of double-walled aluminum honeycombs. The finite element model of double-walled aluminum honeycombs was established by Ansys/LS-DYNA. The influences of honeycomb cell wall thickness and impact velocity on the deformation mode and the plateau stress were analyzed. Three deformation modes were observed in the compressed direction with the increasing impact velocities. The transition velocities of deformation modes were obtained and the formula between critical velocities and height-to-width ratios were suggested. The dynamic plateau stresses of aluminum honeycombs were calculated with different height-to-width ratios at different impact velocities. The deformation mode had a great influence on the plateau stress which presented different variations at different deformation modes. In quasi-static mode, the plateau stresses had nothing to do with impact velocities. However, in transition mode and dynamic mode, the plateau stresses increased linearly with increasing v1.5and v2, respectively. The empirical formulas between plateau stress and impact velocity were given at different deformation modes according to the finite element simulation results.


Ga N films with the structure of 7 layer In Ga N / Ga N MQWs were grown on a and c plane sapphire substrates respectively by MOCVD method.The samples were characterized by XRD,Raman spectrometer and absorption spectrum.The results show that FWHM of Ga N film grown on a plane sapphire( sample A) and Ga N film grown on c plane sapphire( sample B) are respectively 781.2 arcsec and 979.2 arcsec.The existence compressive stress in sample A and sample B are respectively 0.8523 GPa and 1.2714 GPa.Band gap( theoretical value is 3.4 e V) of sample A and sample B are respectively3.38 e V and 3.37 e V.The above data show that Ga N films grown on a plane sapphire have better crystal quality and optical property.


The alkali-metal adsorption system Na on Cu ~111! has been investigated theoretically in order to clarify the possible presence of quantum-well states observed in photoemission experiments. We analyze the site preference, bonding character, the coverage dependence of the work function, and the electron structure of the system. The study is based on first-principlescalculations of free-standing Na layers in vacuum, the clean Cu~111! surface, and the Na/Cu ~111! adsorption system at two different adsorbate structures: (2 32) and (3/233/2). We are able to identify Na-induced bands, which are essentially localized in the local band gap of the Cu~111! surface. The local density of states at the Ḡ point for the lowest of these bands has maxima within the Na adlayer and decays rapidly into the substrate. The dispersion of the Na-induced bands is in good


A piece of multimode optical fiber with a low numerical aperture (NA) is used as an inexpensive microlens to collimate the output radiation of a laser diode bar in the high numerical aperture (NA) direction. The emissions of the laser diode bar are coupled into multimode fiber array. The radiation from individual ones of emitter regions is optically coupled into individual ones of fiber array. Total coupling efficiency and fiber output power are 75% and 15W, respectively.


Several deserving noted problems during the quality control were described from the aspects of original semen,pre freezing,freezing process and post freezing.


A method of, and apparatus for, monitoring sound-conducting media wherein sound vibrations are transmitted to and absorbed by the sound-conducting medium. The frequency of the transmitted sound vibrations periodically pass through a predetermined frequency range. During an evaluation period the course of any one of the amplitude or phase of the received sound vibrations are compared with the course of the amplitude or phase during one of the preceding evaluation periods, and when there occur predetermined deviations of both amplitude courses or both phase courses from one another there is triggered an alarm signal.


Model checking is one of the formal methods for verification of hardware and software systems. A model checker verifies queries described in temporal logic formulas about a model defined as a state transition diagram. Since the model checkers make an exhaustive search of the state space, the key point is how to reduce the state space in order to avoid an explosion of the number of states. The UPPAAL model checker is a model checker based on Timed CTL which is suitable for handling real-time systems. A line tracing robot, a typical example of real-time embedded systems, is a small electric car with motors and photo-sensors that follows a line on the ground. In this paper, we study the methodology of modeling and verification of the line tracing robot. In particular, we focus on two-dimensional geometric modeling which is acceptable for model checking without leading to state explosion. Keywords-component; verification; model checking; line tracing robot; 2-dimensional geometric modeling


Two Malaise traps (TOWNES 1972 model) were installed on an island (the "Ilha do Mel") in the Bay of Paranagua, from September, 1988 to August, 1989. at two sites denominated "Fortaleza" and "Praia Grande", for collection of insects. Apart from collection of insects (Fortaleza: 62.924 individuals; Praia Grande: 38.868 individuais), graphical analysis were limited to those Orders wich occurred concomitantly at the two collection points in ali months: Collembola. Hemiptera. Homoptera. Coleoptera. Lepidoptera. Diptera and Hymenoptera. It was concluded that the Malaise trap is selective for Diptera. Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. and proved to be efficient in measuring abundance, in obtaining information regarding the seasonal variation of insects, and in comparing the entomofauna of different geographical localities.


turbulence Xiang Chen, Zhixin Lu, a) Huishan Cai, b) Lei Ye, Yang Chen, and Baofeng Gao School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 85748 Garching, Germany Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States


The enterprises are trying to avoid and face on a daily basis, various threats in order to accomplish their businesslike goals. These threats may include the financial risk, the risk of equipment failure and the risk of safety of their personnel. The organizations must and should develop procedures for the assessment of risks which are relevant to their enterprises and make the decisions of how to confront these risks on the basis of organizational priorities and on the internal and external constraints. This management of risk is conducted as an interactive and continuous procedure as part of the normal functions. The organizations that use the Industrial Control Systems-ICS, handle the various threats through good practices on the field of security. The evaluations of safety have been a common practice on most fields and often are incorporated in the regulative demands. The handling of risks for secure information is an additional dimension which can be complementary. The procedure of handling the risk and the frame which is described in this part may apply to any assessment of risk, including safety and security of information. A procedure of handling risk must be applied to the entire organization, using an approach of three standards to deal with the risk in , (i) organizational standard, (ii) the standard of delivery/ business procedure and (iii) the standard of informational system (IT and ICS) .The procedure of risk handling is conducted smoothly with the three standards, having as a general goal the constant improvement of activities which are relevant to the risk of the organization and the effective communication among the standards and the standards among all the concerned, who have common interest in the business. In this present assignment the mechanisms of protection are inquired with the use of firewalls.


OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of omeprazole combined with different antibiotics to consist of the triple therapy treatment for peptic ulcer with Helicobacter pylori positive.METHODS From Jan 2010 to Jan 2011,a total of 246 patients with peptic ulcer with Helicobacter pylori positive were randomly divided into 3 groups(respectively n=82),the patients in A group were given metronidazole plus clarithromycin treatment,in group B were given amoxicillin plus clarithromycin treatment,and in group C were given furazolidone plus levofloxacin treatment,the curative effects of the three groups were compared 4 weeks after the treatment.RESULTS The cured rate of H.pylori patients of the group C was 97.56%,90.24 % of the group B,and 80.49% of the group A.The healing rate of the peptic ulcer was 95.12% in the group C,85.37% in the group B,and 82.39% in the group A.The incidence rate of the adverse reaction rates was 12.20% in the group A,8.54% in the group B,and 4.88% in the group C,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).The remission rate of abdominal pain was 86.59% in the group C,85.37% in the group B,and 84.15% in the group A,the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION The omeprazole combined with furazolidone and levofloxacin can significantly improve the radical rate of H.pylori as well as the healing rate of ulcer,with low incidence of adverse reactions,which is superior to the traditional treatment program.


Translation of brand names is one form of cross-cultural communication.This paper discusses the translation including cultural translation of brand names so that the translated brand names conform to consumers'a esthetic interest and psychology.


• Performance of Geiger-mode APDs is improving rapidly ↓ • New application opportunities • Infrared SPADs - Acceptable detection efficiencies - Need lower dark count rates → higher operating temperature - Need solution for afterpulsing - Initial systems demonstrations and field trials


Approaches to solving elliptic problems that simulate stationary processes in piecewise-homogeneous media with ideal contact conditions at the interfaces and mixed boundary conditions have been considered. They analytically take into account the condition of continuity of the unknown functions (potential, temperature) and are based on the combination of indirect methods of near-boundary and contact elements. Using the software developed, computational experiments have been carried out for the problem of exploration and forecasting of oil and gas deposits in a mountain range by the method of electrical profiling.


The subspecialty we call Behavioral Sleep Medicine has typically been defined as "the branch of clinical sleep medicine and health psychology that: (1) focuses on the identification of the psychological (e.g., cognitive and/or behavioral) factors that contribute to the development and/or maintenance of sleep disorders and (2) specializes in developing and providing empirically validated cognitive, behavioral, and/or other non-pharmacologic interventions for the entire spectrum of sleep disorders" (Stepanski & Perlis, 2000, p. 343). My observations from over 30 years of practice in this field suggest that the latter portion of this definition is what has drawn most attention to this subspecialty. We "BSMers" readily point to our flagship treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI), and other BSM therapies for such problems as non-adherence to CPAP therapy, chronic sleep-disruptive nightmares, enuresis, and bedtime resistance among children as what defines our subspecialty. Moreover, we assign a great deal of glamour to BSM interventions. One only has to go to one sleep specialty conference to realize that sessions focused on research concerning these therapies are what attract the largest


We present here a comprehensive model to describe the bottomonium suppression data obtained from the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV. We employ a quasiparticle model (QPM) equation of state for the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) expanding under Bjorken's scaling law. The current model includes the modification of the formation time based on the temperature of the QGP, color screening during bottomonium production, gluon induced dissociation and collisional damping due to the imaginary part of the potential between the $b\bar b$ pair. We propose a method for determining the temperature-dependent formation time of bottomonia using the solution of the time-independent Schr\"{o}dinger equation and compare it with another approach based on time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger wave equation simulation. We find that these two independent methods based on different axioms give similar results for the formation time. Cold nuclear matter effects and feed-down from higher resonance states of $\Upsilon$ have also been included in the present work. The suppression of the bottomonium states at mid rapidity is determined as a function of centrality. The results compare closely with the recent centrality-dependent suppression data at the energies available at the CERN LHC in the mid rapidity region.


It is well established that the thyroid status of neonates and children has a significant long-term impact on their behaviour, locomotor ability, speech, hearing and cognition (Legrand 1986). Delay in restoring normal thyroid status in the neonate can lead to irreversible damage. Prompt thyroid supplementation following the diagnosis of neonatal hypothyroidism can restore neurodevelopment to within the normal range (Fisher 1979). Even so, there are still subtle abnormalities of language, visuo-spatial impairments and lower mean IQs later in childhood compared with euthyroid controls. This implies that brain development may, in part, be thyroid hormone sensitive not only in the neonatal period but also prior to birth (New England Congenital Collaborative 1990, Heyerdahl 1991). Development of different areas of central nervous sytem has been associated with the timing and duration of thyroid hormone deficiency, suggesting that there are critical periods during which various parts of the brain are sensitive to thyroid hormone supply (Rovet et al. 1992).


Ferrous persulfate (Fe(II)/S2O82–) oxidation has gained much attention due to its outstanding oxidizability and high efficiency in upgrading waste activated sludge (WAS) dewaterability. Even though the Fe(II)/S2O82– technique possesses a myriad of advantages, its potential could be further magnified for future upscaling and real-world application especially when coupled with other alternative chemicals. In this study, the potential benefits of Fe(II)/S2O82– oxidation coupled with natural zeolite and poly(dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) for enhancing WAS dewaterability were investigated. The vacuum filtration test was used to evaluate the dewatering effectiveness. Variations in different extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) fractions, water distribution, functional groups, and microstructures were identified to elucidate the underlying dewatering principles and kinetics. The results demonstrated that the combination of Fe(II)/S2O82– with zeolite and PDADMAC had a significant effect on enha...


Introduction This paper, located under the topic heading 'Theory Development from Qualitative Research', is mainly about methodological issues in policy analysis in relation to nursing. It reports on a process of reflection upon the state of nursing in two countries (England and Wales) between 1985 and 1989 and draws on the evidence of an empirical, ethnographic study of the management of nursing following the introduction of general management into the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom (UK). (This was a time of great anxiety in British nursing when many Chief Nursing Officers were reported to be losing control of the nursing budget; the line management of nursing staff; and in some cases their own jobs.) The term 'reflection' is used here deliberately because it encompasses an approach to research which is distinguished from positivism on the one hand and from naturalism on the other. The term 'theory development' has therefore a rather special meaning in this context. I shall return to these methodological issues later. First, let me describe the circumstances and the context of the empirical research. It is important to emphasise that this study was never commissioned in the conventional way but arose out of the freedom to develop the work of the Nursing Policy Studies Centre (NPSC) upon becoming its first director on 1January 1985. The Centre's history has yet to be written and as its only director (for it closed on 30 September 1989) I do not see myself as an appropriate person for that task. I can however speculate on its origins from a personal view. The Centre was established at the University of Warwick, initially for a four year period. The effects of the Griffiths report (1983) which introduced general management into the NHS (1) were already being felt by nurses when the Centre was born after an apparently lengthy gestation. I suspect that its original supporters intended the NPSC to complete the triumvirate of nursing research centres in England, the other two (for practice and education) having been established during the 1970s. (2) Unlike these, however, the Centre's funding was not from the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) in the form of a rolling grant but from a charitable trust, the King Edward's Hospital Fund for London, and the money was given on a strictly limited 'pump-priming' basis. The Centre's brief was nevertheless very broadly stated and included doing research; the subject of which was not specified. (3) It was therefore a paradox that a new research Centre, funded by an institution which was itself deeply committed to the reform of management in the NHS, should be given the freedom to choose to carry out research into nursing at a time when the occupation's importance as a matter of public policy concern was apparently at its lowest ebb. Itwas a further paradox that (although relatively unknown as a nurse researcher) I should bring to the Centre's direction ten years' prior experience of developing the application of a range of research methods to a critical policy analysis tradition. (4) This combination of factors resulted in an intensely productive period of nursing research during the Centre's four and a half year existence. The 'Griffiths research' (as it became known) resulted in three reports (5) and one book (6); three further reports on commissioned research (7); an edited collection (8); and two papers which reflected deeply on the learning to which the experience gave rise which included the re-working of others' written work. (9) As a result, I believe that a critical policy analysis approach to nursing issues has been established.


Cocktail reception: Biohydrogen is produced in high yield from cellulosic materials and water in a one-pot process catalyzed by up to 14 enzymes and one coenzyme. This assembly of enzymes results in non-natural catabolic pathways. These spontaneous reactions are conducted under modest reaction conditions (32 degrees C and atmospheric pressure).


The aim of the research was to study the particularities (features) of morphogenesis of experimental acute fatty pancreonecrosis, induced by duct hypertension and injecting phospholipase a2 and evaluate the properties of sandostatin to protect organs. 180 white Wistar rats were used for experimental research. The creation of models of acute experimental pancreatitis was carried out due to (with the help of) 2 basic pathogenetic factors forming mainly fatty pancreonecrosis (duct hypertension and activation of phospholipase). Animals were divided into 6 groups. Each group consisted of 30 animals. The dynamic of the development of progressive fatty pancreonecrosis (when all visceral organs are involved into the process and high level of mortality is matched) is shown in the enumerated models of acute experimental pancreotitis (3 groups of animals). The research showed that the application of sandostatin beneficial effect on pancreas and other organs of the abdominal cavity, stopped the progression of the process, eliminates the cell necrosis and pancreatogenic intoxication with high survival of animals. The research showed that the usage of sandostatin had distinct positive effect on the pancreas and other abdominal organs and stopped the progress of the process, eliminated cell necrosis and systemic pancreotogenic intoxication with high probability of survival of animals.


Laurence Crane - Chamber Works 1992 - 2009
A double CD of chamber works by English composer Laurence Crane performed by Apartment House, including ensemble and solo performances by Philip Thomas (piano)


Using the FastICA tool to direct superposition/extraction image watermarking scheme, the paper determined the embedding matrix by quantitative analysis, so that the algorithm shows good robustness and the visibility of the extracted watermark is good. The image watermarking scheme which further put forward the direct inversion algorithm for direct superposition / extraction , not only solved the two kinds of uncertainty in the first scheme to extract watermark, but also enhanced the robustness in some degree.


Background Recent surge of olfactory dysfunction in patients who were referred to ENT clinics and concurrent COVID-19epidemic in Iran motivated us to evaluate anosmic/hyposmic patients to find any relation between these two events. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with an online checklist on voluntary cases in all provinces of Iran between the 12th and 17th March, 2020. Cases was defined as self-reported anosmia/hyposmia in responders fewer than 4 weeks later (from start the of COVID-19 epidemic in Iran). Variables consist of clinical presentations, related past medical history, family history of recent respiratory tract infection and hospitalization. Results In this study 10069 participants aged 32.5 +/- 8.6 (7-78) years, 71.13% female and 81.68% non-smoker completed online checklist. They reported 10.55% a history of a trip out of home town and 1.1% hospitalization due to respiratory problems recently. From family members 12.17% had a history of severe respiratory disease in recent days and 48.23% had anosmia/hyposmia. Correlation between the number of olfactory disorder and reported COVID-19 patients in all 31 provinces till 16th March 2020 was highly significant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.87, p-Value<0.001). The onset of anosmia was sudden in 76.24% and till the time of filling the questionnaire in 60.90% of patients decreased sense of smell was constant. Also 83.38 of this patients had decreased taste sensation in association with anosmia. Conclusions It seems that we have a surge in outbreak of olfactory dysfunction happened in Iran during the COVID-19 epidemic. The exact mechanism of anosmia/hyposmia in COVID-19 patients needs further investigations.


An alternative to stationary cycling is to use an actual bicycle on a treadmill. While eliminating differences between bicycles, this method may limit inferential conclusions to overground cycling. The current study examined physiological and biomechanical responses while cycling uphill overground versus over treadmill. Thirteen subjects rode uphill at 6.4 km ⋅ hr-1 on a 2.5 X 3.0 m treadmill and an asphalt paved road nine min at 8-12% grade. Power output (PO), cadence (CAD), VO2, and HR, were obtained via telemetry. Mean data from minutes 3 to 6 were analyzed via Two-way (surface by time) Repeated Measures ANOVA. Mean VO2, HR, and PO were higher for treadmill riding than overground (p 0.05). No interactions were found. Results of the current study indicate that cycling on a treadmill impose different demands than overground cycling even when the equipment is the same.


In the province of Gelderland, The Netherlands, a number of cycle tracks are damaged by moles burrowing tunnels under the tracks. This damages the construction, which is no longer capable of bearing its design load. This fact has not been taken into account in the design, so cracking and subsidence develop. After a description of the mole's behaviour, the adaptations of four existing projects in the province are described. In these, so-called mole screens are applied. The article examines whether these screens are effective enough. Further a number of other solutions are described. These can be divided into three groups: (1) accept the damage and repair it afterwards; (2) prevent the mole from burrowing under the cycle track; (3) prevent the mole tunnels under the cycle track from influencing the strength of the track. For existing cycle tracks solutions from 1 and 2 will mainly be used. For tracks that are yet to be constructed solutions from 3 are practicable. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 836802. (TRRL)


The self-similar model of coronal transients by B. C. Low is reconsidered. Due to a modification of the basic set of the initial assumptions of the model, a new class of more consistent solutions is found. The main advantage of these new solutions is that they do not contain areas with a physically inconsistent negative pressure. Instead, the novel solutions are derived on the basis of a special prescription for the thermal pressure of the transients that guarantees, by design, its positiveness throughout the whole evolution domain. The possible importance of these solutions for understanding the physics of the transient interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs; originating from the Sun), and magnetic clouds as a subclass of these, is discussed. A practical example is cited illustrating the application of our analytic results to describe some properties of real ICMEs. Some directions and scopes for further research are outlined.


L-ascorbic acid is found in equilibrium with its oxidative degradation product, L-dehydroascorbic acid, which is used in the body in the same way as ascorbic acid. L-dehydroascorbic acid has its maximum stability at room temperature at pH 2-3 and it will at pH values above 7 degrade irreversibly during formation of 2,3-diketogulonic acid which shows no vitamin C activity. Finally, at high pH values 2,3-diketogulonic acid can degrade to threonic, xylonic and oxalic acid. Therefore, at pH values above 7 a reaction will occur leading to a net degradation of the ascorbic acid causing a formation of these degradation products.


This article reflects on the place of sociocultural mediation in contemporary publishing, taking as its starting point the case study of a centenarian Portuguese publishing house. This institution has certain features, such as its original aims, its longevity, and the range and scope of its catalogue, that shed light on the key driving forces behind the expansion of print, and in particular on the consolidation of mass culture, the place of the novel and literary canons, the heterogeneity and recurrence of authors and titles, and the relationships between industry, politics, and culture, and between centre and periphery.


- Agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE) systems are often distinguished from each other based on intelligence, autonomy, and reasoning. In this recpect, agent methodologies aim to covering all important components needed to build software systems. The success of agent methodologies depends on the development of all the necessary processes within different software stages, such as analysis, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. This work introduces a comparative study of agent approches with the purpose to asseses and compare the development lifecycle processes of four different well-known AOSE methodologies, ADELFE, PASSI, Gaia and O-MaSE to define the similarities and differences between them. We can conclude that, the development of standard agent approach that supports Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) based has become an urgent need.


The paper focuses on a system and an appropriate controller concept for advanced air management of a turbocharged passenger car diesel engine. The proposed air management system consists of a VTG turbocharger and two separate Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) loops, a cooled or non-cooled high-pressure EGR (HP EGR) and a cooled low-pressure EGR (LP EGR) loop. In the LP EGR loop, the exhaust gas leaving the particulate filter is mixed with fresh air just in front of the compressor inlet. A main model (MM) was created in Simulink to design a Nonlinear Model-based Predictive Controller (NMPC). This model is mainly founded on physical equations, allowing easy adaptation to various systems. MM is a detailed model which was developed first and which is also used for software-in-the-loop (SIL) tests of the controller with the simulated engine. At the beginning of the diesel engine test stage, stationary measurements were conducted to examine the influence of variations of the EGR rate, boost pressure, fresh air mass, etc. These tests were carried out in an open loop without an integrated controller for the air management system. The results were used to optimize the Simulink models. As to the controller concept, a model-based predictive approach is briefly presented which uses a simplified simulation model (a reduced version of a more detailed MM) with real-time capability of the complete air path for providing the system states. For the prediction, an additional, simplified model of the engine's air path system with real-time capability is used.


In this paper, we describe a procedure model for monitoring energy consumption of IT services. The model comprises the steps for identifying and extracting the required data, as well as a mathematic model to predict the energy consumption on both the infrastructure and the service level. Using the example of a distributed and shared ERP system, in which services are represented by ERP transactions, we evaluate the procedure model within a controlled experiment. The model was trained on monitoring data, gathered by performing a benchmark, which triggered more than 1,116,000 dialog steps, initiated by 6000 simulated SAP ERP users. During the benchmark, we monitored the dedicated resource usage for each transaction in terms of CPU time, database request time and database calls as well as the energy consumption of all servers involved in completing the transactions. Our developed procedure model enables IT service providers and business process outsourcers to assign their monitored hardware energy consumption to the actual consuming ERP transactions like creating sales orders, changing outbound deliveries or creating billing documents in watt per hour. The resulting dedicated energy costs can be transferred directly to overlying IT products or to individual organizations that share a multitenant ERP system. The research is mainly relevant for practitioners, especially for internal and external IT service providers. Our results serve as an early contribution to a paradigm shift in the granularity of energy monitoring, which needs to be carried forward to comply with an integrated and product-oriented information management and the ongoing extensive use of cloud- and IT service offerings in business departments.


Cloud computing can be a key driver for innovation and transformation in learning and teaching. The School on the Cloud network aims to explore new, dynamic ways to educate. The 57 partners involved in the project bring insights from 18 European Countries. They investigate how education should respond to the potential of Cloudbased tools and technologies, the impact they are having on education stakeholders and the longerterm impact they will have on the education sector as a whole. The network has published 59 case studies of good-practices based on their analysis of the perspectives of the role played by both teachers and learners. Firstly, the research explores the impact of the Cloud on the roles of learners and discusses how new technology can be used by teachers as a valueadded component in education. Secondly, the study presents a manual on how to implement Cloudrelated learning and teaching.


The paper covers a problem of independent motion control of light kick-stage mass-center. We propose a control algorithm enabling to implement on-board an in-flight correction of nominal control program by means of satellite  navigation system data received during non-powered flight intervals.


The high temperature (850℃ )oxidizing dynamics curve of Ce- containing medium aluminum heat- resistant cast iron was determined by measuring the weight- increasing due to oxidizing.The result showed that the high temperature oxidizing dynamics curve of the medium aluminum heat- resistant cast iron without Ce addition was of parabola type,where as it became logarithm type with addition of 0.034% cerium which indicated that the anti- oxidizing property was improved.When Ce content exceeded 0.065% the anti- oxidizing property was improved no more obviously.


The fine structure of the plasma membrane of promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana ama- zonensis was studied by freeze-fracture techniques. Measurement of the number of intramembranous particles per square micrometer of membrane area revealed a particle density of 2,040 + 213//im2 on the P-face and 890 ? 186/4rm2 on the E-face. The particle density of the flagellar membrane was 448 ? 53/ tJm2. Clusters of intramembranous particles were seen on the flagellar membrane at the region of adhesion between the flagellum and the cell body. Aggregation of particles was observed in both P- and E-faces of the plasma membrane of some cells. The general ultrastructure of several Leish-


The genera Bischofia and Hymenocardia both have a single species in Malesia. The two genera were always difficult to classify, both once formed their own family, but are now firmly embedded in the Phyllanthaceae. Of both genera a more complete nomenclature and biogeography is presented.


Numerical simulations are performed to examine the effect of size of control rods (d1) and spacing ratio (g) on flow around a square rod with upstream and downstream control rods aligned in-line using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The Reynolds number (Re) is fixed at Re = 160, while the spacing between the main rod and control rods is taken in the range 1 ≤ g ≤ 5 and the size of the control rod is varied between 4 and 20. Seven different types of flow mods are observed in this study at different values of g and d1. Variation in force statistics, like mean drag coefficient (Cdmean), Strouhal number (St), root mean square values of drag (Cdrms) and lift coefficients (Clrms), and percentage reduction in mean drag coefficient is discussed in detail. It was examined that vortex shedding completely suppressed at (g, d1) = (1, 12), (2, 12), and (2, 16) where steady flow mode exists. Moreover, it was found that at large gap spacing, where g = 5, the effect of control rods on the main rod vanishes. Due to this strong vortex shedding produced and as a result, maximum value of Cdmean is found at (g, d1) = (5, 8). The negative values of mean drag force are also observed at some gap spacing and size of control rods are due to the effect of thrust. Furthermore, the maximum percentage reduction in Cdmean is 121%, found at (g, d1) = (2, 20).


Abstract Vertically aligned helical polyacetylene thin films were synthesized by adding a chiral dopant into homeotropic nematic LC solvent to induce chiral nematic phase with homeotropic orientation. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements showed that twisted polyacetylene fibrils are grown along the direction of film thickness, giving vertically aligned helical fibrillar morphology.


Zeng, Zhen M.S., Purdue University, May 2014. A Sandbox Development for demonstrating BOM transmission in PLM and ERP Integrated system. Major Professor: Edie K. Schmidt. Integrating Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a company is important. Currently, many companies have difficulties on integrating PLM and ERP systems. This study developed a prototype (sandbox) of PLM and ERP integrated system for demonstrating BOM transmission in a PLM and ERP integrated system, describing key aspects of system integration and BOM transmission. This sandbox will facilitate users' knowledge on how to process transactions in a PLM and ERP integrated system. The BOM accuracy was examined by comparing BOM data in PLM system to BOM data in ERP system after implementing engineering changes. This study was limited to Teamcenter PLM, SAP ERP and Tesis Gateway for SAP.


This paper presents the results of a study carried out to assess the savings in consumer outage costs that can be accrued as a result of implementing emergency actions strategy. The use of emergency actions strategy plays a significant role in curtailing the consumer outage costs ensuing from unreliable electric service. In order to calculate the savings in outage costs, the probabilistic framework of the frequency and duration method has been used in conjunction with emergency actions. At first, the outage costs of various consumer sectors are estimated without considering the emergency actions. Secondly, the consumer outage costs are calculated by combining the frequency and duration method, and unserved energy with the emergency actions invoked. The results of the savings in consumer outage costs that can be accrued by utilising emergency actions strategy are presented for a synthetic system. The results of the study show that substantial savings in consumer outage costs are obtained by devising and implementing emergency actions strategy in situations of capacity outages. The results are of particular relevance and utility to the underdeveloped and developing countries where capacity shortages occur quite frequently. These results also suggest the importance of emergency actions strategy for electric utilities in reducing the consumer economic losses arising from unreliable electric service.


Ultraviolet light method was applied to select bacteria that can anti Rifampicin and Streptomycin sulfate to control the fusarium from 10 kinds of strains.Then double-tagged strain was used to control fusarium using plate inhibition zone method.Four kinds of strains had been selected and the best antibacterial rate was 78%.


We provide empirical evidence of the post-investment performance and survivorship profile of angel-backed companies, filling a long-standing gap within the entrepreneurial finance literature. Using a unique database of 111 angel-backed companies that received angel investments between 2008 and 2012 and at least 3 years of post-investment financial data, we develop an innovative performance metric and show that the performance and the probability of survival of investee companies are positively affected by the presence of angel syndicates and the hands-on involvement of business angels, while they are negatively related to the intensity of angel monitoring and the time structure of equity provision. Our results are robust to several endogeneity tests and provide insights on the multifaceted contributions of angel investors to the performance and survival of new ventures.


OBJECTIVE:To compare the curative effect of the radiotherapy concurrent Erlotinib or chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).METHODS: Treatment group of 17 cases received erlotinib 150mg orally,d1.Control group of 18 cases received TP regimen chemotherapy:Cisplatin 30 mg/m2,d1-d3;paclitaxel 135 mg/m2,d1.Radiotherapy started in the first day of medication,with a total dose of 60-70 Gy in 6-7 weeks to complete.RESULTS: The rate of complete response(CR),partial response(PR),stable disease(SD)+progressive disease(PD) in treatment group were 41.2%,52.9% and 11.8% respectively,and 38.9%,50.0%,11.1% respectively in control group,and the differences in two group had no statistical significance(χ2=0.004,P=0.952).The survival rate of 1-year in treatment group was 76.4%,and 72.2% in control group,the difference had no statistically significance(χ2=0.083,P=0.774).The rate of the life quality that improved and stabilized was 88.2%,72.2%,and the difference had no statistically significance(χ2=1.401,P=0.237).The blood system toxicity(χ2=5.402,P=0.02) and gastrointestinal reaction(χ2=4.265,P=0.039) side reactions of control group was higher than treatment group,and the difference has statistically significant.CONCLUSION: Compared with radiotherapy concurrent chemotherapy,Erlotinib combined with radiotherapy has equivalent curative effect,and has mild side reaction,good safety and tolerability.


Clustering is one of the widely used techniques to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks in environments where battery replacement of individual sensor nodes is not an option after their deployment. However, clustering overheads such as cluster formation, its size, cluster head selection & rotation, directly affects the lifetime of WSN. This paper introduces and analyzes a new Single Hop Energy Band Based clustering protocol (EBBCP) which tries to minimize the above said overheads resulting in a prolonged life for the WSN. EBBCP works on static clusters formed on the basis of energy band in the setup phase. The protocol reduces per round overhead of cluster formation which has been proved by the simulation result in MATLAB. The paper contains an in-depth analysis of the results obtained during simulation and compares EBBCP with LEACH. Unlike LEACH, EBBCP achieves evenly distributed Cluster Head throughout the target area. This protocol also produces evenly distributed dead nodes. EEBCP beats LEACH in total data packet received and produces better network life time. EBBCP uses the concept of grid node to eliminate the need of position finding system like GPS to estimating the transmission signal strength.


University education implies educating students from two points of view: the academic and the disciplinary ones. In this sense, the work presented here looks for sharing a classroom experience that, from the disciplinary point of view, identifies job skills required for road design and implements them on the academic counterpart through problem-solving mediation. It also shows the process of elaborating the plannimetric road design unit. This process includes the prior knowledge assessment, its analysis using cognitive functions, the problems to be solved so the students understand horizontal road design and finally competence-based evaluation


To paraphrase noted philosopher Paul Ricoeur on the role of telling stories as an approach to past traumas, we must not only have body counts, but also narrative accounts (15). In Spain, narrative gives life to the memories of Civil War (1936-1939) and oppression during the Franco era (1939-1975). This historical memory is a complex web in which discourses about forgetting, remembrance, individuality, collectivity, reconciliation, vindication, justice, and commodification coexist. In 2008 Jo Labanyi noted that the memory boom that had begun in the late nineties was beginning to ebb, having reached a "saturation point" (119). (1) Nevertheless, writers and filmmakers and other artists continue to produce works that confront the past, in many cases with more self-reflexivity about the memorialistic process. In addition, historical memory has increasingly gained visibility in less traditional, less "serious" media and genres. (2) The presence of irreverence, however, does not signal the end of engagement; in the case of comics (traditionally considered less than the novel or even film), there has been an explosion of interest in the combined drawing/telling of suffering during the war and after. (3) Comics constitute the intersection between image and word, allowing articulation and silence in the same visual space. In this article I focus on the graphic novel in particular as a site of expression for inherited memories of the Civil War and Franco era in the twenty-first century by examining two recent works: El arte de volar (2009) written by Antonio Altarriba and illustrated by Kim, and Un medico novato (2013) by Sento Llobell, known professionally as Sento. (4) My objective here is to demonstrate how these two graphic novels take advantage of the multifaceted visual nature of the medium and explore the active space of creation in the absence of personal experience to construct narrative images of Postmemory. "Postmemory" is a concept coined and developed by Marianne Hirsch in reference to the act of recovering and representing "inherited" memories by the descendants of Holocaust victims: "Postmemory characterizes the experience of those who grow up dominated by narratives that precede their birth, whose own belated stories are displaced by the stories of the previous generation, shaped by traumatic events that can be neither fully understood nor recreated" ("Past Lives" 420). (5) According to Hirsch, Postmemory is not exclusive to the pain of the Holocaust ("Surviving" 11) and it is clear that this concept is helpful in addressing the issue of memory crossing generations in Spain today. (6) While it is true that the term Postmemory has in some cases been applied to any current text about the past in uncritical and indiscriminate ways (Martin-Cabrera 132), I demonstrate here how these two works are not merely historical but are also self-reflexive about the inherited nature of their memory. (7) Based on the memories of two men whose lives were altered by the Civil War--Altarriba's father in El arte de volar and Sento's father-in-law, the young doctor Pablo Uriel, in El medico novato--these works act out Postmemory by playing with the question of biography/autobiography, silent and fantastic imagery, and political engagement. These graphic novels illustrate (literally and figuratively) that the past is temporally and experientially distant. They highlight and embrace the fact that those who are producing cultural works of historical memory did not live the national traumas themselves; their approach is characterized by the obligation to (re)construct and (re)present them by means of an imaginative act mediated by previous narratives and not personal experience. In Un medico novato, paratexts underline the reconstructive task of the work. The annex at the end titled "Album de recuerdos" includes photos, letters, documents, etc. as traces of the past, which complement the fictive elaboration of the story. In another paratext, the book jacket, Sento notes that the work is based "en hechos reales y en documentos de la epoca que nuestra familia ha conservado, lo que nos ha permitido reconstruir las partes de la historia que no encontrabamos en los recuerdos escritos de Pablo Uriel. …


Background: Inadequate nutritional intake can affect the body condition of young women, one of effects is increasing the incidence of anemia. The Health Belief Model theory can determine how a person will behave in determining the nutritional intake consumed every day, especially foods that can prevent anemia. This study aimed to determine the effect of the iron-supplemented program, intrapersonal and social factors on nutritional intake for anemia prevention among female adolescents in high school in Yogyakarta. Subjects and Method: This study was an observational analytic study with a cohort retrospective approach. The sample was selected by purposive sampling with a sample size of 120 study subjects. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear regression analysis with the Stata 16 program. Results: Nutritional intake for anemia prevention in female adolescents has increased with the iron supplement program (b= 0.24; 95% CI= 0.15 to 0.32; p<0.001), high family income (b= 0.16; 95% CI= 0.07 to 0.24; p= 0.001), high perceived susceptibility (b= 0.11; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.20; p= 0.012), high perceived seriousness (b= 0.66; 95% CI= 0.56 to 0.76; p<0.001), and high perceived benefit (b= 0.23; 95% CI= 0.13 to 0.33; p<0.001). Nutritional intake for the prevention of anemia among adolescent decreased with high perceived barrier (b= -0.09; 95% CI= -0.17 to -0.01; p= 0.040). There was no contextual effect of school on nutritional intake for anemia prevention among female adolescent (ICC=4.57%). Conclusion: There was an effect of the blood-supplemented program, family income, and the Health Belief Model construct (perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits and perceived barriers) on nutritional intake for anemia prevention among female adolescent. There was no contextual effect of school on nutritional intake for anemia prevention among female adolescent. Keywords: iron supplements, anemia, Health Belief Model Correspondence:  Ailsa Clarissa Cynara. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: ailsaclarissacynara@student.uns.ac.id. 082230233293. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 05(05): 490-499 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.05.04.


PHYSICSA clever new way to make antihydrogen may bring scientists one step closer to understanding how matter differs from antimatter.


Abstract With the incorporation of spatial statistic method, this paper constructs a state-space model of housing market bubbles, discussing the spatial pattern of housing market bubbles in China, and identifying the dynamic evolution process. The results show that: The bubbles of housing market walked along a path from low level to high level and then downsized to a low level during the period of 2009 and 2014, and the highest level stayed at 2011. From overall, the level of housing market bubbles had shown significant spatial autocorrelation and spatial agglomeration. In detail, the direction of North-South in China showed the inverted U shape, i.e., Central region was with high bubbles, and two ends contained low bubbles; from East-West direction, the East had high bubbles and the West contained comparatively low bubbles. Local spatial test indicates that there were some approximate spatial features in housing market bubbles among the adjacent regions. Observed from the level of housing market bubbles, China contained 3 plates: The first was the plate with low bubble level, including 3 provinces in North-East China (provinces of Jilin, Heilongjiang and Liaoning were included, but Dalian in Liaoning province was excluded; the second was the Central and West plate (the provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Gansu, Fujian, Jiangxi and Hainan were included in this plate), which was also featured with low bubble; and the third was Central East plate (provinces or provincial regions of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Shandong, Anhui, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia were included), which was characterized as high bubble region.


The use of tryptophan phosphorescence measurements in probing the structural flexibility of globular proteins in solution at room temperature has been limited to date by a number of factors which include: identification of the emitting residues, the low occurrence of tryptophan side chains in sufficiently rigid domains in globular proteins, as well as the absence of a molecular basis for the empirical correlation between phosphorescence lifetimes that are observed at room temperature, and the local viscosity. A review is presented here of our recent work in which we have attempted to address these concerns. A model for the relation between the long- lived triplet lifetimes from buried tryptophan residues and protein flexibility is described along with experimental evidence consistent with the model. Employing site-directed mutagenesis with E.coli alkaline phosphatase, we have both identified the residue responsible for the long-lived emission with the wild-type protein, as well as to reintroduce the indole side chain into alternate relatively inflexible domains resulting in the appearance of RTP.


A recent paper by Yu and Snyder [1] concerning therestriction of replication of the bacterial virus T4 by thecryptic DNA element e14 is the latest in a series ofunexpectedly interesting results to come from the studyof interactions between bacterial viruses and their hosts.Like most fields, the study of bacterial viruses is repletewith examples of intriguing results that defy conven-tional explanation and, as they lie outside the perceivedmainstream, are slowly (or never) explained. It is espe-cially gratifying when the resolution of such a problemgoes beyond satisfying the curiosity of specialists andis of general interest. One of the most spectacularexamples of this occurred in the late 1960s, whenphage research was at the heart of some of the hottestissues in molecular biology - the initiation, termina-tion, and regulation of transcription, DNA replicationand recombination, the self-assembly and morphogene-sis of complex structures, and so on. At that time, afew exceptionally stubborn scientists persisted in theinvestigation of an arcane observation: that the hostrange of lambda phages depends, in part, on the iden-tity of the host they last infected. The resolution of thistrivial side issue was no less than the discoveryof restriction endonucleases and modification methy-lases, which led to recombinant DNA and directly to arevolution in biotechnology.Host restriction of phage T4Another type of restriction, where the presence, ratherthan the absence, of a modified base is the signal forenzymatic cleavage, may have arisen directly underselection for surviving infection by another type of bac-teriophage: T4 and its T-even relatives. (The first threeexamples of this.family were, coincidently, given thenames T2, T4 and T6, hence the peculiar family name.)The T-even phages are widely distributed among theenteric bacteria (not just E. coli and share a number ofdistinctive structural features. In particular, their DNAlacks cytosine entirely, it being replaced by 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine. This adaptation makes them resistant tomost restriction endonucleases, and has permitted theacquisition of cytosine-specific DNases that selectivelydegrade host DNA. The next step in this DNA arms racewas acquisition, by the host, of restriction enzymes witha requirement for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. It is nowknown that the enzymes respond either to 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine or methylcytosine, so the genes encod-ing them are designated mcr. Identification of themcr genes has been invaluable for cloners, allowing thecreation of mutant bacteria that are able to acceptforeign DNA molecules that are modified by cytosinemethylation. T-even phages seem to have regained theupper hand, having acquired glycosyl transferases thatattach sugars to the hydroxyls of 5-hydroxymethylcyto-sine, masking their DNA from host restriction (reviewsof all aspects of T4 biology can be found in [21).Bacterial altruism...Other host defenses to T4 replication, which defiedexplanation for many years, have recently beenexplained as being due to altruistic cell death inresponse to infection. Selection for altruistic traits (orgroup selection) is a long-standing controversial issue inevolutionary biology [3]. Bacterial populations, whichgrow as genetically identical clones, would seem to belikely candidates to evolve this pacifist strategy: suicideof an infected cell in a manner that prevents productionof viral progeny would protect its genetically identicalsiblings. The recent paper by Yu and Snyder [11 on anexperimental system of this type is particularly satisfy-ing, as it explains a very confusing set of observations.The original isolate of E. coli, K12, carried a crypticgenetic element, e14, that has been lost in many labora-tory strains. An e14 gene, lit, restricts the growth ofphage T4. A mutant cell that overexpresses Lit proteinundergoes global cessation of protein synthesis at theonset of phage late gene expression, as well as prema-ture termination of transcription of some late genes.Mysteriously, T4 gol mutations (grow on Lit) that over-come this restriction were obtained only within alimited region of the coding sequence for the majorphage capsid protein, which was not believed to have adirect role in translation or transcription. The solution tothis puzzle was most unexpected [1]. Lit restrictionresults in complete proteolysis of the translational elon-gation factor EF-Tu, one of the most abundant proteinsin the cell. The cleavage is quite specific, occurringwithin a sequence of amino acids that is conserved inall living things. The gol region encodes a signal thatactivates Lit, which has an amino acid sequence motifcharacteristic of Zn2+-metallopeptidases [1]. Morerecently, Yu and Snyder have demonstrated EF-Tucleavage in vitro, in extracts containing Lit protein and asynthetic 26 residue peptide comprising the gol regionof the phage coat protein (Y-T. N. Yu and L. Snyder,personal communication).Another example of bacterial self-destruction promptedby T4 infection is provided by the prr locus. In thiscase, an anticodon nuclease cleaves tRNALYS in responseto another short peptide sequence, the 29-residue© Current Biology 1994, Vol 4 No 6


Acknowledgements Thanks Introduction 1. Teacher education: some current models 2. Acquiring received knowledge: the learner's perspective 3. Modes of teaching and learning in teacher education courses 4. Relating theory and practice: the reflective model 5. Classroom observation: recalling and analysing the data 6. Microteaching 7. Supervision and practical experience 8. Assessment in teacher education 9. Course design and assessment: checklist and case study Concluding remarks Some suggestions for further reading Bibliography Index.


The structural similarity is introduced into sparse coding model,and a sparse coding model based on structural similarity is proposed. Then,the model is employed to extract the image sparse coding feature. The experimental results show that the improved sparse coding model is consistent with human visual system for its capacity of structural information preservation. Furthermore,compared with the standard sparse coding model,the proposed model attains the reconstructed image which preserves better structural information of the original image.


This article, based on this research, aims to examine the effect of digital mastery on learning agility in the Indonesian palm oil industry, as the basic skills needed to achieve sustainability in the Indonesian palm oil industry; especially in responding to business progress and increasing competition. This is based on a cross-sectional study involving 277 supervisors and managers of private plantation companies in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Structural equation modeling approach was used to analyze the collected data. The results of the study explain that digital strategic skills have a significant and complete impact on all dimensions of learning agility. Meanwhile, communication skills and digital content creation only have an impact on people and agility of results.


This paper introduces orthogonal non{bandlimited wavelets on the sphere with respect to a certain Sobolev space topology. The construction of those kernels is based on a clustering of the index set N = f(n; k) 2 N0 Zj n k ng associated to the system of spherical harmonics fYn;kg(n;k)2N . The wavelets presented here form reproducing kernels of the spans of the clustered harmonics. More explicitly, the horizontal partition Mn = f(n; k) 2 Ng, n 2 N0 yields the usual Shannon wavelets, which are bandlimited, whereas non-bandlimited kernels can be obtained from a vertical clustering Bk = f(n; k); (n; k) 2 Ng, k 2 N0 . For this case a particular kernel is investigated in detail, and a wavelet representation is derived explicitly. AMS classi cation: Primary: 42C40, 65T60. Secondary: 86-08.


The following questions are here discussed: What was the heritage of the nineteenth century for the student of early Christian history? What interests dominated research at the opening of the century? What progress has been made along new lines of investigation? What technique is necessary in order to insure further advance?


The conservation status of Redband Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri has been an increasing concern of fish managers. Effective fish management first requires an understanding of the spatial distribution of distinct populations and the processes influencing gene flow. We performed a genetic analysis of Redband Trout from the Deschutes River basin in central Oregon to discern population genetic structure and the genetic impacts of an extensive hatchery stocking program and several potential barriers to dispersal. Conducting surveys in lateral habitats, we sampled over 1,400 young‐of‐the‐year Redband Trout and genotyped them at a panel of 269 SNPs using genotyping‐in‐thousands by sequencing. We found that within this section of the Deschutes River basin there were multiple distinct genetic groups of Redband Trout, with an irrigation diversion dam and only one of eight waterfalls in the study area acting as complete barriers to gene flow. Within these distinct genetic groups there was a strong signal of isolation by distance. Despite the extensive stocking of large numbers out‐of‐basin hatchery Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, our results indicated that introgression of wild fish occurred only with a locally derived hatchery strain of Redband Trout. Hatchery influence was greatest in Fall River and in neighboring portions of the Deschutes River. The combination of spatially explicit sampling in lateral habitat with genotyping via high‐throughput sequencing provided an effective sampling design for this large river and its tributaries. Such an approach may be useful elsewhere for identifying genetic management units of Redband Trout and other widespread freshwater fishes. *Corresponding author: email@example.com Received September 7, 2018; accepted April 4, 2019 North American Journal of Fisheries Management © 2019 American Fisheries Society ISSN: 0275-5947 print / 1548-8675 online DOI: 10.1002/nafm.10288


Most epidemiologic studies of potential health impacts of mobile phones rely on self‐reported information, which can lead to exposure misclassification. We compared self‐reported questionnaire data among 60 participants, and phone billing records over a 3‐year period (2002–2004). Phone usage information was compared by the calculation of the mean and median number of calls and duration of use, as well as correlation coefficients and associated P‐values. Average call duration from self‐reports was slightly lower than billing records (2.1 min vs. 2.8 min, P = 0.01). Participants reported a higher number of average daily calls than billing records (7.9 vs. 4.1, P = 0.002). Correlation coefficients for average minutes per day of mobile phone use and average number of calls per day were relatively high (R = 0.71 and 0.69, respectively, P < 0.001). Information reported at the monthly level tended to be more accurate than estimates of weekly or daily use. Our findings of modest correlations between self‐reported mobile phone usage and billing records and substantial variability in recall are consistent with previous studies. However, the direction of over‐ and under‐reporting was not consistent with previous research. We did not observe increased variability over longer periods of recall or a pattern of lower accuracy among older age groups compared with younger groups. Study limitations included a relatively small sample size, low participation rates, and potential limited generalizability. The variability within studies and non‐uniformity across studies indicates that estimation of the frequency and duration of phone use by questionnaires should be supplemented with subscriber records whenever practical. Bioelectromagnetics 32:37–48, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A three-dimensional mesoscale numerical model with detailed parameterized microphysics of clouds and precipitation has been applied to the study of gas and aerosol wet removal. Two-dimensional sensitivity tests combining meteorological predictions with pollutant scavenging and aqueous chemistry parameterizations have been carried out for continental and maritime clouds over an idealized topography. Model results indicate that nucleation scavenging is the most efficient in-cloud removal mechanism. Furthermore, differences in cloud droplet spectra in continental versus maritime cases, lead to different contributions of nucleation scavenging, in-solution oxidation of SO 2 by ozone and hydrogen peroxide, to wet sulfate deposition and acidity production. This results emphasizes the need for coupled treatment of dynamical, microphysical and chemical processes. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1989.tb00126.x