In the context of hands-on partial driving automation, drivers engage in a combination of lane centering system (LCS) and adaptive cruise control (ACC). In lane change scenarios, what should the system do, if it detects the approach of vehicle in the blind spot? Humans with powerful and intelligent machine sometimes suffer from such as automation surprises and distrust in automation. By contrast, haptic and continuous information would enable the driver to virtually touch their potentially hazardous environment. In this study, we propose the haptic protection with an adaptive level of authority that can be turned based on risk indicators, i.e., TTC and THW , in the blind spot scenarios. In haptic guidance systems, the artificial stiffness around the controller's desired steering angle is used as the level of haptic authority to guide the driver to normative behavior. On the other hand, in the proposed protection system, the artificial stiffness around the driver's desired steering angle is used as the level of haptic authority to warn the driver about their erroneous action. Thus, the definition of the level of haptic authority (LoHA) is different between the guidance-type and protection-type in terms of the objective. In a simulation with a parameter space of lane change scenarios, this study highlighted the combined impact of the haptic guidance and haptic protection on the driver bahavior. Results indicated that the use of the proposed haptic protection can enable the drivers to recognize their inappropriate actions.


The Chilean Government of President Pinochet has used exile as one of its instruments of social and political control. A fiercely authoritarian Government, it employs a variety of methods to try to ensure the necessary social tranquility to pursue its goal of creating a free market economy and a 'liberal' state. Thirteen years after the coup of 1973, there is neither social peace in Chile nor a free market economy, let alone a liberal state by any definition. Political protest, beginning in May 1983, has periodically shaken the country, reaching a climax in the massive demonstration of rejection of the government and its policies on 2-3 July 1986.1 The government's main answer to this protest is repression. Exile is one form of repression, and it continues to cause acute human suffering for thousands of Chileans. Exile is no political novelty in Chilean history. It has been used by governments following periods of political conflict in 1851, 1859, 1891 and 1927-31. But the sharp contrast with the present is that in previous cases amnesty followed quickly.


This chapter describes how the hamam began to show signs of aging. This included a redefinition of its economic family relations, as it became a burden to the endowment and was rented out according to a practice that approximated the status of renters to that of owners. Furthermore, old age now meant that after a disastrous fire in 1865 novel city planning practices assigned less value to the sixteenth-century structure and allowed the monument to be mutilated for the sake of building a European-style boulevard wide enough for tramway traffic. At the same time, the hamam took on a new identity as an emblem of Ottoman cultural heritage to be displayed at nineteenth-century world fairs and exhibitions which required each nation to represent itself by easily recognizable architectural icons. With the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, this split identity continued: on the one hand, hamams constituted an old, redundant institution standing for the Ottoman Empire and lifestyle, resulting in neglect and destruction; on the other hand, they were part of the cultural heritage that every nation-state needs to legitimise itself. Nevertheless, the Çemberlitaş Hamamı managed to survive for practical reasons, as it still provided hygiene and entertainment.


This article examines the representation of resistance against the Brazilian military dictatorship in the novel Tropical sol da Liberdade (1988), by Ana Maria Machado, with the aim of analyzing the different peripheral perspectives that the narrative adopts. First, the text discusses the perspective of the characters who did not directly engage in the armed struggle, opting for other avenues of resistance. Next, it draws attention to the problem of the testimony genre, whose objectivity is questioned by the protagonist of the novel. Finally, it focuses on the female gaze, which is associated, among others, with the themes of the house and nature. Through the analysis of the "ex-centric" perspectives presented in this work, the article highlights its specific position in the context of the Brazilian narrative of the time that thematizes the military regime.


Based on the questionnaire,we can se e clearly that no obvious difference exists between students of cities and those of countryside,b ut over some issues does exist great v ariations.Therefore,we must adopt flexi-ble and various ways to educate students to improve the effect of moral education.


Aims at the mutual attracting and conglutinating phenomenon of in-phase vertical twin branch lines in 220 kV line, using formula deducing methods in theory discusses the mutual attracting and conglutinating phenomenon of sub-lines, analyzes the harmful consequences of this phenomenon for electric power transmitting system.


may also be made subject to the provisions of the Order. Fifth, Marjan Caby shall not take any action or make or permit to be made any public statement, directly or indirectly, denying the allegations in the Charging Letter or this Order. Sixth, the Charging Letter, the Settlement Agreement, and this Order shall be made available to the public. Seventh, this Order shall be served on Marjan Caby and shall be published in the Federal Register. This Order, which constitutes the final agency action in this matter related to Marjan Caby, is effective immediately.


Purpose – This study aims to seek to fill a gap in regulatory impact assessment in developing countries by presenting an analysis of how formal regulation impact on the efficiency and productivity of financial non-governmental organisations (FNGOs) in Ghana. Much has been written about the formal financial sector, but very little is known about the lower end of microfinance and the impact of formal prudential regulation on FNGOs providing microfinance services. The Bank of Ghana (BOG), nevertheless, in the year 2011, extended formal prudential regulation to FNGOs without any empirical basis. This study uses regulatory theories and empirical evidence to aid in the evaluation of whether formal prudential regulation is appropriate for FNGOs operating within the microfinance sector. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical evidence derived from FNGOs, regulatory agents, consumers and financial lawyers within the Greater Accra and Ashanti Regions of Ghana served as the basis of the analysis in this study. Descr...


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of teaching through a virtual laboratory prepared using simulations teaching materials and that are based on constructivist thought about geometrical optics upon the students' academic success and their attitudes towards physics. Quasi-experimental pretest and posttest control groups was used as the research method. While the independent variable of the study is teaching method that is based on virtual laboratory application, the dependents variables are students' success at physics lesson and their attitude towards physics. The study was carried out with 59 students from the same grade but a different section and taking Physics II lesson that is taught in Department of Computer and Instructional Technologies in the spring term of 2013 and 2014 academic year. One of the sections was objectively determined as the experimental group and the other one is determined as the control group. The subject was taught to 29 students in the experimental group in a virtual laboratory environment which was created using simulations, and 30 students in the control group was taught the same subject in a traditional laboratory environment. As a result in this study, it was seen that teaching in the virtual laboratory environment where simulations were used in the subject of Geometrical Optics was more affective in physics success than teaching in traditional laboratory environment but there was no meaningful difference in attitudes towards physics.


OBJECTIVES
To determine the level of satisfaction with adult dental care at The University of the West Indies (UWI), School of Dentistry, using the Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ) developed by Davies and Ware (1982) and to inferentially explore the factors associated with various patients' demographics.

METHODS
A cross-sectional study was performed among adult dental patients attending UWI adult dental clinics. Data were collected using a self- administered, structured questionnaire which consisted of 19 questions on three subscales of pain management, quality and access (total).

RESULTS
Sixty-nine per cent were female, 40% were between 45 and 64 years old, and 31.3% had excellent self-rated dental health status. A Dental Satisfaction Index (DSI overall) of 76.42% satisfaction was found, with the highest satisfaction subscale for quality (81.17%), while access (72%) was the lowest occurring subscale. The mean DSI was 3.57 for the UWI emergency dental clinic and 3.87 for the polyclinic. The difference between the DSI overall in the emergency clinic compared to the polyclinic was statistically significant (p < 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: There was a high level of overall satisfaction with dental care at the UWI dental school. Self-rated oral health status may be important in patients' satisfaction. Policies and strategies promoting preventive dental advice are likely to improve patients' satisfaction with dental care and may lead to increased satisfaction with dental services.


Functionalized tip is incorporated into the catheter for delivery of cells into the brain and other body in part by cytometry. For use in the brain, the tip forms part of the neurosurgical probe having a proximal end and a distal end. In addition to the functionalized tip, the probe is an optical required to monitor at least one cell slurry delivery lumen, the particular characteristics of the viability and physiological effects and cellular environment of transplanted cells terminating at the tip to provide capabilities, and a plurality of optical fibers configured along the probe. Some specific embodiments of the present invention, described, as well a method for using it as an example for the clinical context of neurosurgery based cell transplantation will be described. As used in the context of a feedback and control system for the regulation of the number of cells delivered to a patient's brain, also presents details of the use of nerve catheters having cytometry tip of the type disclosed in the present invention. The present invention is further directed to a determination of cell viability during transport of cells into the brain by cytometry, discloses other target tissue or body part.


A detailed sedimentological and diagenetic study of the upper Shuaiba in the Al Barakah and Safah Fields indicates that the critically important development of secondary micro-intercrystalline porosity postdates early meteoric water diagenesis. The Shuaiba at Al Barakah and Safah Fields consists of shoaling upward carbonate depositional cycles. The main reservoir is developed in the upper cycle as discrete carbonate accumulations centered around rudist/algal biogenic build-ups with surrounding, deeper water non-reservoir facies. Reservoir porosity is dominated by secondary micro-intercrystalline (chalky) porosity. A moderate sedimentological control on secondary porosity development is evident. The best reservoir quality is developed in the coarse-grained, skeletal-rich packstones associated with the carbonate build-ups. Although the presence of a regional unconformity at the top of the Shuaiba has commonly been thought to be responsible for reservoir porosity development, a lack of petrographic and geochemical evidence for early meteoric water diagenesis has made an evaluation of this reservoir development model difficult. Cores taken of the Shuaiba and Nahr Umr contact in the Safah and Al Barakah Fields indicate that meteoric diagenesis did occur, occluding early porosity. Reservoir porosity development significantly postdates early meteoric water diagenesis, equant spar calcite cementation and stylolitization. Porosity was formed by the dissolution of themore » micritic components in the limestones during burial. Reservoir porosity development in these fields is not related to the regional input of meteoric water at the Shuaiba unconformity surface.« less


The first comprehensive zoning ordinance in the United States was passed in New York City in 1916. The ordinance stablished a series of boundaries within the city, creating and separating districts in which different uses of land were permitted; this land use was classified by the height, area of lot, and function of structures on any given lot. Zoning legally codified spatial patterns of shelter, commerce, industry, and leisure in many American dries and towns. It was a new measure in that it applied to all property in a mumcipality, whether publicly or privately owned. By 1929, over 750 American communities had adopted similar zoning ordinances [Hubbard, 1929, p. 162]. In part, this rapid spread of a new urban planning concept can be traced to such governmental measures as the 1924 Standard Zoning Enabling Legislation drafted by the Department of Commerce under Herbert Hoover and the 1926 Supreme Court decision in Euclid v. Ambler, upholding the constitutionality of zoning. In part, however, it can be traced to a growing national network of businessmen a d boosters, looking for ways to manage the growth that they were encouraging in their hometowns. Zoning occurred atthe intersection f government and business. One of the seeming ironies of the shift to include private property within the pu• of urban planning through zoning is that it occurred simultaneously with this shift to planning being undertaken by municipal entities rather than, or in addition to, private civic or commercial groups. The city government could speak to the importance of community compliance and issues of communal good in a way that one subset of that community could not; certainly, only a governing body had the power to have all citizens comply with the ideas of planning codified by the zoning ordinances. Plans could not be solely on paper, and only the city had the regulatory and financial power to implement the plans and the ability to coordinate all the necessary parties. Private citizens could regulate one another only through mutual agreements, such as


This study aims at furthering our understanding of system framework of knowledge teams. Based on introduction the concept of knowledge chain and knowledge network, the paper explore the dynamic capability construction mechanism of knowledge teams by Learning through knowledge chain network coordination. We propose that keeping in contact with the knowledge chain network is an important tacit for team members and knowledge teams to tackle with complicated innovative problems.


Earlier studies of meadow forages in eastern Oregon have shown that fertilizer-N increased yields and N concentration. How much of the increased N was NOa-N or how variations in environmental factors affected the accumulation of NO3 in meadow plants is not known, Plots of native meadow were fertilized on March 31 with ammonium sulfate to provide nitrogen levels of 0, 110, 220, 440 kg/ha. Changes in air temperature; soil temperature at the 0-, 5, lo-, 20-, and 50-cm depths; luminous flux at canopy level, at 20 cm above ground, and at ground level; solar radiation over vegetation; and soil moisture content were monitored through the growing season. These data were statistically correlated with concentrations of NO3-N extracted from plant tissue. Herbage yields at the end of the growing season increased from 4,275 kg/ha without fertilizer to 9,782 kg/ha with 440 kg N/ha. Total-N concentration was highest (3.33%) on May 5 in herbage fertilized with 440 kg N/ha. As plants matured, concentration of total-N decreased by August 29 to 1.15% in plants receiving the 440 kg/ha rate and to 0.72% in unfertilized plants and was higher in the leaves than in the stems. Conversely, concentration of N03-N were lowest (lo-70 ppm) early in the season. Late in the growing season the N03-N level was lowest in the leaves and highest (1,060 ppm) in the stems. Correlation analyses indicated that soil-moisture content was the most significant environmental factor correlated with accumulations of N03-N, except for soil fertility as measured by increased fertilization rate. Luminous flux at ground level and air temperature were also contributing factors. Native plants commonly found on flood meadows of eastern Oregon are tolerant to long periods of flooding. These plants thrive under seasonally moist to saturated soil conditions, yet survive periodic droughts. With nitrogen(N) fertilization, these meadow plants generally have increased yields and increased N content of the herbage (Rumburg Author is range scientist, U.S. Dep. Agr.-SEA-Agr. Res., Crops Research Lab., Utah State University, Logan, 84322. Formerly at Oregon State University, Squaw Butte Agricultural Experiment Station, Burns, Ore. This study represents the cooperative investigation of the U.S. Dep. Agr.-SEA-Agr. Res. and the Agr. Exp. Sta., Oregon State Univ. Tech. Pap. No. 4915 of the latter. Manuscript received January 8, 1979. JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT 33(3), May 198


Police performance is a complicated construct. When focusing on police investigations done by detectives, we apply the value configuration of the value shop to define and measure police performance. The survey research suggests that detectives in police investigations improve their performance when (i) decision leadership roles become important, (ii) knowledge sharing improves, (iii) more information technology is used in the activities of the investigation, and when (iv) law enforcement information systems are used in the investigation. These findings were derived from a research model that was statistically tested using structural equation modeling.


Management of patients who describe chronic pain all over the body, associated with a range of symptoms as sleep disturbance, overwhelming fatigue, alteration in mood, or psychological distress that worsens the quality of life, is often complex and challenging. This syndrome has been named by terms such as "neurasthenia," "fibrositis," and "fibromyalgia". At the present time, fibromyalgia is considered the most common central sensitivity syndrome, affecting over 5% of the population, being often observed in people with rheumatic conditions. While typically presenting in middle-aged women, fibromyalgia can affect both sexes at any age. The causes of fibromyalgia remain unknown. Significant research findings have focused on dysfunction of central pain processing, with defects in the ascending and descending pain pathways leading to increased pain perception. There are two methods used in the diagnosis of fibromyalgia: criteria-based diagnosis and clinical diagnosis. Although fibromyalgia defies definitively efficacious management, much evidence underlies the importance of treating the psychological factors that affect pain management process. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide a psychosomatic approach to fibromyalgia from three points of view of processing: the viewpoint of the medical profession, the position of the psychologist, and finally the way of thinking of people.


In modern society, there has been increased interest in the intangible cultural heritage. Relevance of that ritual kitchen as one of the layers of this heritage is an integral part of calendar rites. Ceremonies are recreated in the museum activities. There is a need to justify the methods traditional cuisine update in the structure of rites held at the museum. This problem was not considered by culturologists. A study of museums of Kemerovo region has allowed to identify the most popular method of updating the traditional cuisine, a reconstruction based on ethnographic descriptions. Ritual serves of traditional Russian cuisine in Siberia are closely connected with the national calendar. Especially their preparation and selection reflect the deep representation of the people of the world order. The article examines the current state and possible reconstruction in museums of Kemerovo region in the structure of the kitchen ritual ceremonies calendar cycle in Russian and their attachment to the seasonal rites in the indigenous population, Shors and Teleuts. We consider other forms of update: master classes at the museum, organizing fairs, specialized programs. Ritual kitchen can be presented in the framework of the thematic excursions, where by means of material objects from the museum's collections can be represented by intangible heritage, dishes based on traditional recipes.


With the 125 GeV boson $h^0$ belonging to a weak scalar doublet, a second doublet inspired by supersymmetry would have to be rather heavy. We show that, if the usual discrete symmetry is dropped, then apparent "alignment", that $h^0$ resembles the Standard Model Higgs boson, emerges naturally. The $H^0$, $A^0$ and $H^\pm$ bosons of the second doublet can be sub-TeV while remaining well hidden so far, with broad parameter space for search at the Large Hadron Collider. For two Higgs doublets, the alignment phenomenon seems to favor absence of discrete symmetry.


A patient is presented with Hodgkin's disease of the lymphocyte depletion type refractory to all therapy terminating in death nine months after initial symptoms. Parenchymal pulmonary involvement developed with subsequent massive cavitation. Repeated ante-mortem sputum cultures and postmortem studies failed to disclose the presence of fungi or mycobacteria.


Teenlit, a genre of popular literature for adolescents, was introduced to Indonesia around the beginning of the last decade and almost immediately attracted a large readership consisting predominantly of female adolescents. Its rapid rise has invited both favourable and hostile reactions from observers. Sympathetic literary critics view young people's attraction to it as a positive process towards the development of a healthy reading and writing habit. Meanwhile, hostile critics consider it as nothing more than light fiction containing questionable moral values, written in an unacceptable style. This article examines a representative example of such criticisms as a platform for discussing the relationship between the relatively new genre of adolescent literature and the wider context of language change. It seeks to show that hostility towards teenlit reflects a concern for the maintenance of standard Indonesian as the language of literature amid a rapidly changing language situation in which a major colloquial variety of Indonesian has been gaining prominence and encroaching on domains prescriptively associated with the standard variety, such as written literature. The negative reaction is also an assertion of an idealized view of literature, which holds that the function of adolescent fiction is to educate readers on the aesthetic function of language and sound moral values. The author demonstrates that this concern arises against the backdrop of a socio-political climate in which the state, having long exerted control over language use and language development, gradually ceases to be perceived as the sole authority on language. As such, it is an articulation of a desire to safeguard the existence of a linguistic authority.


1. Introduction to Living Standards and Social Well-Being Deborah M. Figart and John Marangos 2. Consumption, Work Hours, and Values in the Writings of John A. Ryan: Is it Possible to Return to the Road Not Taken? Martha A. Starr 3. Overtime Work and Well-Being at Home Lonnie Golden and Barbara Wiens-Tuers 4. Family Friendly Policies: Helping Mothers Make Ends Meet Heather Boushey 5. Basic Income and Productivity in Cognitive Capitalism Stefano Lucarelli and Andrea Fumagalli 6. Living Wage and Optimal Inequality in a Sarkarian Framework Mark Friedman 7. The European Union Enlargement and Well-Being: A Comparative Approach Nikos Astroulakis and John Marangos 8. A Cross-Regional Analysis of Living Standards, with a Focus on Asia Hyun H. Son 9. Social Responsibility for Living Standards: Presidential Address, Association for Social Economics Deborah M. Figart


Patch-clamp electrophysiology remains an important technique in studying ion channels; indeed, it is still considered the gold standard since it was first described by Neher and Sakmann in the 1970...


The variation in semen quality serves to determine the fertility potential of Ongole Crossbred (PO) bulls. Semen quality has a correlation to fertility. Individual motility is one of most important factors determining the success of artificial insemination program. The aims of this research were to mapping the bulls who have high and low fertility potential. This variation is used to determine the composition of molecular marker genes for reproductive traits through the RNA-Sequencing method. 12 PO bulls aged 2–8 years were used in this research. The research parameters were volume, concentration, individual motility, viability, abnormality and sexual behaviour. Sexual behaviour data were analyzed using descriptive methods. Semen quality data were analyzed using an unpaired T-test. The results showed that the bulls code with the highest to lowest motility values were PO-5, PO-2, PO-3, PO-6, PO-4, PO-7, PO-9, PO-8, PO-1, PO-10, PO-11, PO-12, respectively. 4 bulls with the highest motility values and the 4 bulls with the lowest motility values had significant differences (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the two populations of PO bulls with the highest and lowest motility value are different. It can be continued with the RNA-Sequencing method to find the gene composition of the spermatozoa.


I only had a couple of very minor queries about the paper, one of which has already been addressed by the authors in the limitations section. The sample in Study 1 was rather highly educated, and also included participants recruited from 'contacts' of the researchers. I'm not sure if this method of recruitment could be described/explained in a little more detail but the authors do acknowledge in the Discussion that this convenience sampling was less than ideal. The sample in Study 2 includes women from a broader range of educational backgrounds.


The present study reports the production of manganese peroxidase enzyme using digested cattle dung slurry as a substrate by Coriolus versicolor MTCC 138. Digested cattle dung slurry was analyzed for proximate (total solids, volatile solids and pH), chemical (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and silica) and biochemical (total proteins and manganese peroxidase) composition. Manganese peroxidase production by C. versicolor MTCC 138, was optimized by a conventional 'one variable at a time approach' and then by Placket-Burman design. Optimized fermentation conditions for the maximum manganese peroxidase (78.0 U mL−1) enzyme production were 25% slurry concentration, 5 days of incubation, temperature 25°C and inoculum size of 106 spores mL−1. This enzyme titre obtained by statistical optimization was 1.86 fold than that achieved by 'one variable at a time approach'. It revealed that the effect of different cultural conditions (slurry concentration, spore concentration and incubation period) have statistically significant effect on enzyme production.


Transformational festivals (TFs) are gatherings that occur all over the globe, with particular incidence in the Western world, and seek a "transformational experience" beyond the musical experience. Although most TFs are based on Electronic Dance Music, they offer a much larger range of experiences spanning from personal development, to discussions on political economy, spirituality, ecology, including active participation and even co-creation of participants in the festival. The emergence of these festivals since the mid-1990s is partly rooted in the 1960s and 1970s counter-culture but is essentially an outcome of contemporary global dynamics. Their missions, visions and manifestos reflect the criticism of existing development models and concepts of sustainability.


. The conjecture of Ridge on the numerical range of a shift of periodic weights is resolved in the a(cid:14)rmative, i.e., if the weights are nonzero, the numerical range of the corresponding shift is an open disc centered at the origin. The radius of the disc can be expressed as the Perron root of a nonnegative irreducible symmetric matrix. Some related results are obtained.


We have successfully implemented a suite of 3D NMR spectroscopy experiments which provide sufficient data to assign the full backbone resonances of the protein GB1 in live E. coli cells. This represents a unique demonstration that proteins can be studied with detailed NMR characterization in a living cell where the crowded and complex environment likely influences their behavior. The purified and homogeneous samples of proteins and other macromolecules normally studied in structural biology may not reveal this functionally important information. Experiments of this type are essential for de novo assignment of proteins undergoing structural changes in response to perturbing influences such as intermolecular interactions. In‐cell multidimensional NMR experiments depend critically on both recent advances in NMR probe performance at high magnetic fields and NMR techniques which considerably reduce the time needed for data acquisition. For the protein GB1, the data were collected using fast projection reconstruction (PR) NMR methods and cryogenically cooled probes on the 600 MHz and 800 MHz NMR spectrometers in the Duke NMR Spectroscopy Center. We have also studied the behavior of the methionine repressor protein. MetJ, using this strategy. Our data suggest that MetJ is primarily associated nonspecifically with DNA in intact cells. This indicates that the repressor likely undergoes linear diffusion along DNA in finding its specific metbox recognition sequences rather than the slower random 3D diffusion associated with free cytoplasmic proteins.


Night & Day is an cozy seating process by Molteni, that combines functions of sofa, chaise-lounge and one bed. This sofa has actually been developed by Patricia Urquiola and it is major plan is really a capability for variation. Thanks to it is nice...


In the overmodulation region, the operation of the electrical drive system with a current controller is characterized by a rapid deterioration of the motor torque and speed. It is desirable to use the overmodulation strategy that extends the normal operating range even in the transient state. In this paper, in order to improve the dynamic characteristics of the electrical drive, a new overmodulation technique is proposed. Considering the current transition characteristic, an efficient overmodulation strategy is introduced to achieve better transient performance through adequate voltage selection. With the help of new overmodulation strategy, the required electrical torque can be directly produced as quickly as possible and stable machine drive characteristics can be achieved even in the transient condition. The proposed method has been implemented on an actual inverter system and thoroughly tested on a 900 W interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) to confirm its feasibility.


ASCE 41 is the U.S. standard to for seismic evaluation and rehabilitation; it also contains widely-used modeling guidelines. As part of the Applied Technology Council project 134, this paper documents the comparison of the historic response of the Imperial County Services Building with an ASCE 41 nonlinear dynamic assessment. To benchmark the ASCE 41 assessment of this building, a nonlinear response history analysis is performed using a 3D OpenSees model of the building following ASCE 41 concentrated plasticity modeling criteria and subjected to the recorded ground motion. Model response assuming both a fixed base connection and including soil-structure-interaction are investigated. The ASCE 41 assessment correctly identifies a deficiency in the first story columns that cause the building to fail to meet Collapse Prevention performance objectives. The response of the nonlinear dynamic model in terms of drifts and accelerations are similar to the recorded response of the building on the first story and show improved peak roof response when foundation flexibility is considered. Even though the ASCE 41 assessment correctly identified this structure as failing to meet Collapse Prevention, the damage assessment over predicted damage to most of the first story columns where shear cracking and some minor spalling was observed.


We present the GALEX UV photometry of the elliptical galaxies in Abell clusters at moderate redshifts (z < 0.2) for the study of the look-back time evolution of the UV upturn phenomenon. The brightest elliptical galaxies (Mr≲ − 22) in 12 remote clusters are compared with the nearby giant elliptical galaxies of comparable optical luminosity in the Fornax and Virgo clusters. The sample galaxies presented here appear to be quiescent without signs of massive star formation or strong nuclear activity and show smooth, extended profiles in their UV images, indicating that the far-UV (FUV) light is mostly produced by hot stars in the underlying old stellar population. Compared to their counterparts in nearby clusters, the FUV flux of cluster giant elliptical galaxies at moderate redshifts fades rapidly with ~2 Gyr of look-back time, and the observed pace in FUV − V color evolution agrees reasonably well with the prediction from the population synthesis models where the dominant FUV source is hot horizontal-branch stars and their progeny. A similar amount of color spread (~1 mag) in FUV − V exists among the brightest cluster elliptical galaxies at z ∼ 0.1, as observed among the nearby giant elliptical galaxies of comparable optical luminosity.


Report describing the development and installation of an automated conveyor-type laundry system for the purpose of monitoring laboratory clothing for beta-gamma contamination.


Picloram pellets, aerially applied at 1.1 kg/ha in the spring to South Texas mixed-brush, effectively controlled spiny hackberry and pricklypear, and 2.2 kg/ha temporarily controlled blackbrush acacia. However, agarito, desert yaupon, lotebush, Texas persimmon, and whitebrush were only slightly susceptible to soil applications of picloram, and honey mesquite and creeping mesquite were tolerant. Range site exerted a significant influence only with initial defoliation of twisted acacia. Although canopy reduction of twisted acacia after one growing season was higher on Shallow than on Rolling Blackland or Claypan Prairie range sites, it was apparently only moderately susceptible to pelleted picloram. Shredding prior to pellet applications did not improve the level of brush control compared to applying the picloram to undisturbed brush stands. There was no consistent difference in brush control within an application rate between 5% or 10% active ingredient formulations of picloram pellets. Chemical brush control on rangeland, especially in Texas, is accomplished largely with sprays of hormone-type herbicides. However, aerial application of sprays containing 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetic acid], picloram (4amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), dicamba (3,5dichloro-o-anisic acid), and similar herbicides is often limited because of the potential for physical spray drift and/or movement of vapors to herbicide-susceptible agronomic crops, ornamentals, or vegetables. Also, extensive acreages of brushland in Texas are not treated each year because foliar herbicide applications must be carefully timed to coincide with the phenological stage of maximum susceptibility of the brush. This stringent requirement usually reduces the spray season for species such as honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa) to fewer than 60 days annually (Scifres 1973). Moreover, many of the woody species in mixed stands such as the Prosopis-Acacia complex of the South Texas Plains, may not be highly susceptible to the sprays at the time honey mesquite is most susceptible. Because of the limitations of sprays, recent research has emphasized development of dry herbicide formulations, particularly pellets, for brush management. Potential of physical drift is greatly reduced, and the hazards of volatility are essentially eliminated, when pellet formulations are used. In contrast to timing requirements for maximum activity Authors are former Research Assistant, Professor, and Assistant Research Scientist, Department of Range Science, Texas AM Meyer et al. 1976; Meyer et al. 1978). The apparent requisites for activity of soil-applied herbicides are rainfall adequate for dissolution and movement of phytotoxic amounts of chemical into the soil, active plant growth to ensure root absorption, and sufficient residual activity for adequate exposure time of the target species to phytotoxic levels of the herbicide (Scifres 1972b). Thus, pelleted herbicides might be applied during any time of the year, except during summer drought, with expectations of effective results, depending on rainfall and species susceptibility (Bovey et al. 1972; Meadors. et al. 1978). Picloram is taken up by the foliage and/or the roots of many species and is relatively persistent in most soils, especially those containing low percentages of organic matter and clay (Bovey and Scifres 1971). Picloram is formulated as pellets containing either 5% or 10% active ingredient. Individual-plant applications of 10% picloram pellets effectively control Texas persimmon (Diospyros texana) (Scifres 1975b), lotebush (Ziziphus obtusifolia) (Scifres and Kothmann 1976), redberry juniper (Juniperus pinchotii) (Scifres 1972a), and Macartney rose (Rosa bracteata) (Meyer et al. 1976; Scifres 1975a). Broadcast applications of 10% picloram pellets at 2.2 to 4.5 kg/ha also effectively control redberry juniper (Robison and Cross 1970). Broadcast picloram sprays at conventional application rates do not effectively control Texas persimmon or lotebush (Bovey et al. 1970). The relative effectiveness of aerial applications of picloram pellets for control of a broad spectrum of woody plants in mixed stands has not been thoroughly studied. Also, recent research indicated that broadcast applications of the pellets were more effective for Macartney rose control when applied immediately after burning of Coastal Prairie than for control of undisturbed stands (Gordon 1976). It was postulated that the picloram was more readily absorbed by roots after the mature topgrowth was removed than by undisturbed Macartney rose plants. The objectives of this research were to evaluate (1) the susceptibility of various woody species to aerial applications of pelleted picloram, and (2) the influence of shredding prior to applications of picloram pellets on control of the woody plants. Study Site Descriptions Two experiments were conducted in South Texas mixed-brush communities near Campbellton about 80 km south of San Antonio. Major brush species included honey mesquite, whitebrush, creeping mesquite (Prosopis reptans), blackbrush acacia (Acacia rigidula) twisted acacia (Acacia tortuosa), catclaw acacia (Acacia JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT 33(5), September 1980 349 This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Mon, 08 Aug 2016 06:31:58 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Table 1. Textural classes, organic matter content (%), and pH of soil from various depths (cm) from the Rolling Blackland, Claypan Prairie, and Shallow range sites near Campbellton, Texas. Organic Textural components (%) Depth pH matter Sand Silt Clay Rolling Blackland 0-3 6.9 4.1 31 20 49 3-8 7.3 2.9 26 27 47 8-15 7.4 2.5 28 22 50 15-30 7.4 2.3 28 25 47 30-46 7.5 2.1 22 23 56 Claypan Prairie 0-3 5.4 3.2 46 20 34 3-8 5.5 2.6 43 23 34 8-15 5.7 2.1 34 26 39 15-30 6.0 2.2 25 21 53 30-46 6.5 2.1 25 20 55


In this paper, the Oppenheim-like inequality for the general M-ma-trices is obtained, i.e., det(AoB)≥det A for general M-matrices A and B of order n.


Icame to Istanbul to look at the past, not at the future—since the latter doesn't exist here: . . . Here there is only an unenviable, third-rate present of the people, industrious yet plundered by the intensity of the local history. Nothing will happen here anymore, apart perhaps from street disorders or an earthquake.'' These rather harsh remarks belong to the Nobel Laureate Joseph Brodsky, who paid a short visit to Turkey in the s in order, among other things, to see the city where his ''favorite poet'' Cavafy had once lived. Even though one has to admit that Brodsky might be right about the ''street disorders'' and ''earthquakes,'' one cannot help but wonder, from a literary point of view, why such a wellread poet showed no interest at all in the poetry of a country that prides itself on producing many world-class poets. Indeed Turkey is a country well deserving to be called a nation of poets, if not necessarily poetry readers. Despite incredibly low sales of poetry volumes, every month the number of unsolicited poems submitted to literary journals is easily double, even triple, the journals' circulation figures. One can safely argue that poetry


Data mining integrates statistical analysis, machine learning and database technology to extract hidden patterns and relationships from data. The presence of irrelevant, redundant and inconsistent attributes in the data ushers poor classification accuracy. In this paper, a novel bio-inspired heuristic swarm optimization algorithm for feature selection, namely Constructive Lazy Wolf Search Algorithm is proposed based on the backbone of the Wolf Search Algorithm. It is based on the behavior of the real wolves, which search for their food and consequently survive the attacks of the threats by avoiding them. Based on the study conducted on the behavior of wolves two natural factors, namely laziness and health are introduced for attaining highest efficiency. Restricting and controlling the wolves' behavior by allowing only healthy and constructive lazy wolves to take part in the search reduces the search time and complexity required to search for the best fitness. The proposed algorithm is then applied on a prisoner dataset for crime propensity prediction along with a few benchmark datasets to prove the stability in the improved performance compared with other bio-inspired optimization algorithms. The accuracy achieved by fine-tuning the proposed algorithm was 98.19% providing accurate crime prevention.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of doctors, nurses, and hospice volunteers of hospice care and advance directives of terminal cancer patients. Methods: The data were collected from August 1 to September 31, 2010 using structured questionnaires. Subjects consisted of each of 100 nurses, doctors, and hospice volunteers and total 252 respondents (91 nurses, 80 doctors, and 81 hospice volunteers) participated in this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Compared to hospice volunteers, nurses and doctors have less comprehension of the needs of hospice (F=12.47, p<.001). In comparison to nurses and doctors, hospice volunteers had better understanding of the adjusting of advance directives (p=.020). Conclusion: Nurses and doctors didn`t fully understand the notion of hospice care and advance directives. The findings of this study would provide the basis to educate nurses and doctors about hospice care and advance directives.


Address for Correspondence: Dr. Muthu Prasad Puthuraj, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, K.A.P.V iswanatham Government Medical College, Colletor's office Road, Periyamilaguparai, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620001, India. E-Mail: email@example.com Background: The morphological study of foetal submandibular gland has been the subject of much investigation in recent years. Throughout the foetal life the submandibular salivary gland progressively increases in size and weight due to ductal proliferation , increased in lobulation and connective tissue septa. The relation of the mylohyoid muscle with respect to the submandibular salivary gland proves to be vital one during surgeries of the submandibular region. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 fetuses ranging from 10 weeks of gestation to full term were divided into three groups viz., Group I [10-16 weeks] , Group II [18-25weeks], Group III[ 28weeks – full term] and they are dissected and subjected to morphological study. Results: The shape of the gland in Group I – Global ; Group II – Ovoid ; Group III – Irregular. There was no obvious lobes and interlobular fissure in Group I ; Interlobular fissure appears in Group II ; well differentiated fissure in GroupIII. Weight and Dimentions of the gland increases from group I to group III. Mylohyoid muscle was seen just behind the Gland in group I ; just enters the interlobular fissure in Group II ; occupies the half of the fissure in Group III. Conclusion: The knowledge of morphological features and relations of the developing submandibular salivary gland contribute to future studies in dental surgery, fetopathology , perinatology and in radiadiagnosis


Encapsulated delta a medium to high voltage transformer comprises a hermetically sealed housing encloses a space, the triangle is located in the transformer housing, and a fluid passageway, the passageway extending through the housing, wherein the passage is surrounded a space outside of the housing in fluid connection.


A new algorithm based on spectral correlation of the square of MPSK signals is proposed for recognition of MPSK. Firstly the theory of cyclic spectral is explained and analyzed by the paper,a class of new unitary characteristic parameters is proposed for the modulation recognition of MPSK signals from the expression of cyclic spectrum function,which is invariant with local carrier phase offset and amplitude scale of the base band MPSK signal.The method of feature extraction is very simple and efficient,and it is conducive to project implementation.Finally the algorithm is simulated by computer.Include the simulattion of recognition performance and the simulate of performance comparison with similar algorithms.The good performance in lower signal noise ratio(SNR) of the algorithm has been proved by the simulation results.In the gauss white nose channel(AWGN),simulation results show that the success rate of recognition is over 95%when the SNR is 4dB.Theoretical analysis and computer simulation prove the robustness and efficiency of the new recognition algorithm.


Over the last twenty years, historians have sought to gauge how the experience of establishing an empire overseas impacted upon the ways that British people thought about themselves and the world around them. As evidence has accumulated, so an increasingly heated historical debate about the exact significance of that source material has been generated. This article looks at where this controversy has taken us, assessing the range of evidence available and the different viewpoints adopted by various historians. It argues that, rather than present our conclusions in polarised terms, we need to acknowledge the wide range of imperial influences working on multiple British cultures and identities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Moreover, given the problematic nature of the available evidence, we should acknowledge the difficulties inherent in any attempt to gauge the impact of those influences. Empire may well have helped to shape British cultures and identities, but it is not clear that it did so in a simple fashion, or that we have sufficient evidence to come to firm conclusions about its impact.


The main objective of this paper is to determine the influence of the family on the reputational transfer between the company and its manager. In the field of family businesses, the strong identification of the family with the company has led to the study of the relationship between corporate reputation and the level of family involvement. However, the mutual transfer of reputation between the family business and its manager has yet to be investigated. For this reason, the study also aims to contrast that the corporate reputation contributes to that of its manager, studying how the presence of a family in the management and/or control of the company affects this relationship. To this end, using the rankings published by the Spanish Corporate Reputation Monitor (MERCO) of the most reputable companies and leaders in Spain for the period 2001-2017, different econometric models have been formulated with panel data. The results obtained, with important practical implications, contribute to reputation research and, especially, to the literature on family businesses. In this sense, the results show not only that the family nature of the company gives a reputational advantage to the company and its leader, but also that the reputation of the family business managers is transferred to the corporate reputation in a shorter period of time than when the company does not share this nature.


114 Background: Cancer-related financial burden is a growing problem that has been linked to psychosocial distress, treatment delays and non-adherence, and excess mortality risk. Comprehensive cancer centers often provide financial support resources to mitigate financial burden, but the scope of these services and the processes involved are poorly understood. We conducted an in-depth qualitative analysis of key health system stakeholders to understand these processes and identify areas for improvement. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 stakeholders involved in the financial assistance process at a public comprehensive cancer center. Interviews elicited descriptions of programs, perceived strengths and weakness, and the stakeholders' roles in helping patients obtain financial assistance. A codebook was developed inductively and interviews were coded in duplicate, with codes added as new themes emerged. Coded data were used to develop and revise a system-wide process map of financial support resources. Results: Stakeholders described numerous resources for financial assistance, both internal (e.g., Charity Care) and external (e.g., manufacturer assistance). Although participants described feeling pride at helping patients obtain assistance, numerous barriers were identified, including delays in processing applications, duplicative processes, insufficient time to address patients' concerns, lack of dedicated staff to address the complexity of navigating resources, and perception that existing resources are inadequate to meet patient needs. Conclusions: Processes required to obtain financial support for cancer patients often place a high administrative burden on patients who must proactively seek resources, understand complex eligibility criteria and complete multiple, often overlapping applications, even within comprehensive cancer center environments. Dedicated financial navigators may assist patients in accessing existing available resources, and health systems should consider moving beyond patient-activated pathways of access to financial support to avoid exacerbating disparities for the most vulnerable patients.


Tamaka Shwasa is a well known disease which has been affecting man kind since vedic times. On the basis of its etiopathogenesis and symptoms, disease Tamaka Shwasa can be considered analogous to Bronchial Asthma. Asthma remains one of the commonest breathing problem across the world, and is spreading at a fast rate in developing countries like India. In India prevalence of Asthma has been found to be around 15 % in the majority of surveys. This might be due to the westernization which has brought a drastic change in the lifestyle of human beings. Increasing population, industrialization and deforestation are the contributing factors towards this chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Asthma has become a challenging problem for the medical world now. In Modern medicine current management of asthma is by providing short term relief to the patient and not the long term relief. Also prolonged used of these drugs is not safe, as it has many adverse effects on human body. As the chronicity of the disease increases, drug dose dependency also increases which ultimately puts the patient into the vicious circle of 'dependency on drugs' that ultimately leads to the respiratory failure and loss of precious life. It is the need of the hour to have some safe & effective regime for the management of this troublesome disease Tamaka Shwasa. In Ayurveda detoxification of the body is done effectively and safely, without inducing any drug dependency by making use of various shodhan procedures and shamana wjpls, 2016, Vol. 2, Issue 4, 188-221. Research Article ISSN 2454-2229 World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences WJPLS www.wjpls.org SJIF Impact Factor: 3.347 *Corresponding Author Dr. Kimmi Seth Asst. Prof. in Kayachikitsa, Motherhood Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital Roorkee.


In this study we consider change point analysis for a sequence of normal means. Specifically we construct a procedure for finding all change points in a single test by using multiple comparison procedure. We determine the critical value for pairwise comparison for a specified significance level. Then we consider the power of the test for our multiple comparison procedure. Finally we give some numerical examples regarding the critical value and the power of the test


A comparison of the transport properties of populations of single-crystal, In2O3 nanowires (NWs) grown by unassisted hot-wall chemical vapour deposition (CVD) versus NWs grown by laser-ablation-assisted chemical vapour deposition (LA-CVD) is presented. For nominally identical growth conditions across the two systems, NWs fabricated at 850 °C with laser-ablation had significantly higher average mobilities at the 99.9% confidence level, 53.3 ± 5.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 versus 10.2 ± 1.9 cm2 V−1 s−1. It is also observed that increasing growth temperature decreases mobility for LA-CVD NWs. Transmission electron microscopy studies of CVD-fabricated samples indicate the presence of an amorphous In2O3 region surrounding the single-crystal core. Further, low-temperature measurements verify the presence of ionized impurity scattering in low-mobility CVD-grown NWs.


The best College meeting I have attended was the joint conference between the Philosophy Special Interest Group and the Faculty of Old Age Psychiatry in Newcastle, in the autumn of 2002. I am not a philosopher but the 'wonder' generated by this meeting has remained with me. I was a naıve but entirely interested reader of ̈ Dementia – Mind, Meaning and the Person, pleased that contributors to the conference, clinicians and philosophers, had written chapters. Inevitably in a multi-author book some chapters are more appealing and accessible than others. Being an orderly person I began at the beginning, but chapter 1 is by far the most difficult for the philosophy initiate – it does introduce the feast to come but as a hard-going menu in a foreign language, not as an aperitif. I returned to the first chapter having finished the book and at that point found it more digestible. The book covers not only the philosophical but also social, spiritual, ethical and practical perspectives and the negative, soul-destroying attitudes about dementia in modern society. Dementia, with its progressive inevitable deterioration in memory, language and skills, causes us to consider the meaning of personhood and identity. Hughes had previously enlarged on the Locke–Hume reductive view that a person is no more than connected mental states, seeing the patient as a 'situatedembodied-agent'. The person with dementia has to be understood in terms of relationships, not because that is all that is left to them but because that is characteristic of all our lives. 'He is not the man I married, Doctor', is commonly heard and needs to be taken seriously. In his quiddity he is the same, not a vegetable nor in second childhood, but the same man with a dementing illness. However, from a social constructionist viewpoint the usual mutual task of holding and preserving identity is now a solitary and heartbreaking one for the partner. There is a need to guard against using a purely social constructivist approach in order not to deny the patient's personal human agency and meaningful intersubjectivity. To be semiotic requires some capacity to express genuine intentions and meanings. We need to search for rational patterns which reveal the mind at work. Dementia threatens the process of meaning-making, the hermeneutics of life. The book only occasionally entertains Doctor Scholasticus with angels dancing on pinheads. Ordinary clinicians need to suspend criticism of the way some philosophical arguments are constructed or supposed syntactical sentences put into the mouth of someone with severe dementia. The chapter for all in old age psychiatry entitled 'Respectare: moral respect for the lives of the deeply forgetful' looks again and more carefully at the experience of persons with dementia. 'Hypercognitive' snobbery is moral blindness, an elitism which asserts that some are less worthy of moral concern than others, 'them' and 'us'. The book affirms a common humanity. Our job as staff is to preserve identity. This is a good book. It will not change base metal into gold but via a mosaic of ideas introduces a way of thinking. Ostensibly it is about dementia, actually it is about what it is to be human. The view that the person may survive into severe dementia is now also receiving attention from psychodynamic psychotherapists who recognise that even into the late stages of the disease the ability to forge a relationship is retained. The only way to come anywhere near an understanding of what it may feel like to have a dementia is by close and empathic listening, fusing the horizons of physician and patient even when speech is failing. We underestimate the complexity of the inner life of the patient with dementia. Language is not the whole of the emotional experience. Personhood is retained and to this we should relate.


Ellipsometric spectra (λ = 250–900 nm) of surface layers were for the first time obtained in three stages of the catalytic etching of silicon, used to fabricate wire‐like nanostructures. Self‐assembled silver particles deposited with chemical method on the silicon surface form a discontinuous layer with its own complex dielectric function ϵ, which is independent of the radiation incidence angle (at 50–70 degrees relative to the normal to the surface) and differs from ϵ of the bulk silver structure. The variation of the imaginary part of the pseudodielectric function, ϵ2, of the layer of silicon nanowire (SiNW) sprouts was studied. At the minimum catalytic etching duration, the thickness of the rough SiNW layer being formed is comparable with the thickness of the layer of preliminarily deposited silver. With increasing etching duration, a low‐refractive SiNW layer is formed with a thickness of 111 nm and void fraction of 33–78%, found in Bruggeman's effective medium approximation. The experimental data obtained with a spectroscopic ellipsometry and their interpretation made it possible to determine specific features of nanostructures at the earliest interval silicon etching time.


This paper shows that the correlation between the Net Promoter Score and consumers' Willingness To Pay in five European mobile markets is very strong. The Net Promoter Score is provided by a survey and the Willingness To Pay is calculated using the Spokes Model which is an economic model based on horizontal differentiation among firms. The model input data (firms' revenues, number of subscribers and profits) are provided by Merill Lynch, Bank of America. The well-known correlation between Net Promoter Score and Revenues is weaker and arises from the previous correlation. The same is true of the correlation between Net Promoter Score and Profits.


The interview with the Ph.D. Berenice McCarthy, founder of About Learning, addresses the methodological understanding of the Model 4 MAT and its application in the construction of teaching climates for educational justice, difference and inclusion. It is conceived as a key didactic device for overcoming the pragmatic obstacle of Inclusive Education, especially, it appeals to the organization of learning experiences in accordance with human nature, conceiving that human beings are multifaceted, complex and unique. For this reason the Ph.D. McCarthy states that learning arises from the integration of feeling, thinking, reflecting and acting. In short, it provides a new analytical-methodological framework for planning teaching focused on the multiplicity of differences present in the school space. In this framework, the whole must be conceived in terms of multiple singularities.


It is shown that the generalized multiple beam model as it is currently formulated breaks down under certain conditions when dealing with multilayer film combinations containing absorbing elements. An example is given by way of illustration.


The purpose of this research is to review the effect of board features (including structural and process features) on financial slack of quoted companies in Tehran stock exchange. The time period of this research is 2003-2011, and it is done on a sample of 158 companies. To examine researchs assumptions in all companies and different industries, we used multi-variable regression model in pooled (plan) mode and Eviews 6 program. In this research we used liquidity and financial slack variables as dependent variable of financial slack, we used board features(structure and process of board) as independent variable, and we used company features as control variables which are effective on financial slack including company size, growth opportunity, profitability, and also type of industry. It should be mentioned that we used questionnaire of McNulty et al. (2013) to measure board process features. Results indicate that if change in financial crisis is considered as financial slack, the followings will happen: The effect of board size on financial slack in all companies is positive and significant. The effect of duality of CEO responsibilities on financial slack in industry of automobile and automotive parts manufacturing, is negative and significant. And among process features of board, just the effect of using knowledge and skill on financial slack in all companies, is negative and significant. Moreover, if change in liquidity is considered as financial slack, the effect of board size in chemical products industry, and also the effect of growth in automobile manufacturing industry on financial slack, is negative and significant. Other results show that other board features have no effect on financial slack in all companies and different industries.


According to current fear‐avoidance models, changes in motor behaviour (e.g. avoidance) are a key component in the development and maintenance of chronic pain complaints. Yet, experimental research assessing actual behavioural changes following painful events is relatively sparse. This study investigated the effects of pain anticipation on changes in motor behaviour using a fear conditioning paradigm and robot‐generated standardized movement trajectories of the upper extremities.


Twenty‐six patients with adenocarcinomas of the rectum, rectosigmoid, or sigmoid colon given adjuvant pre‐ or postoperative pelvic radiation therapy followed at least 5 years were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate late tumor control and complication rates. The overall 7‐year survival rate was 80 ± 8% with B2,3, patients faring better than C2,3 (94 ± 6% versus 43 ± 19%, p < 0.005). Local pelvic tumor control was achieved in 23/26 patients (88%); patients with high‐stage (C2,3) or poorly‐differentiated adenocarcinomas had a higher postirradiation pelvic relapse rate (3/11) versus low stage, well or moderately‐well differentiated tumors (0/15). A major complication (none fatal) occurred in 2 of 26 patients (8%) and was not correlated with either irradiation dose nor volume.


The fatigue damage development laws of the reinforced concrete(RC)in the different corrosive environments such as stray current,chloride,stray current and chloride coexistence were investigated.The ultrasonic velocity change of the RC specimens after previously soaked in NaCl solution with different concentration,which were applied to the coupling load of four-point-bending fatigue and stray current at the same time,were real-time monitored.The results show that the ultrasonic method can effectively monitor the fatigue damage process of the RC in corrosive environments.The bending fatigue damage process of the RC specimens in the different corrosive environments such as stray current,chloride,stray current and chloride coexistence is similar to that of the RC specimens exposed to the air,having two stages such as stably increasing stage and rapidly increasing stage.However,the level of damage development is different.The fatigue damage of specimens develops faster with the increase of stray current intensity and chloride concentration.So the stray current and chloride has a great influence for the fatigue damage development of subway concrete.The fatigue damage development equation of the RC in stray current and chloride coexisted environment was established which can provide experimental and theoretical foundation for the further research about damage mechanism analysis of subway reinforced concrete.


A series of new acetylene-terminated phenylquinoxaline oligomers and diacetylene compounds have been prepared utilizing 4-(3-ethynylphenoxy)benzil. The amorphous materials with molecular weights from 500 to 1460 exhibited softening in the 25–160°C range with a strong polymerization exotherm reaching a maximum at 270–290°C. The addition nonvolatile cure provides materials which show excellent thermoxidative stability and processability for high-temperature matrix and adhesive resins.


This chapter studies a boosting algorithm based, first, on Bayesian filters that work by establishing a correlation between the presence of certain elements in a message and the fact that they appear in general unsolicited messages (spam) or in legitimate email (ham) to calculate the probability that the message is spam and, second, on an unsupervised learning algorithm: in this case the K-means. A probabilistic technique is used to weight the terms of the matrix term-category, and K-means are used to filter the two classes (spam and ham). To determine the sensitive parameters that improve the classifications, the authors study the content of the messages by using a representation of messages by the n-gram words and characters independent of languages to later decide what representation ought to get a good classification. The work was validated by several validation measures based on recall and precision.


Due to its beneficial natural and pharmacological properties, heterocyclic element analogues and derivatives have recently received a lot of attention. One of the frequently occurring heterocyclic nuclei in both marine and natural grow solutions is benzothiazole. A favoured bicyclist band method with numerous utilizations is benzothiazole. It is well known for exhibiting a broad variety of beneficial natural activities, including those that are anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, and antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antitubercular. The benzothiazole nucleus is used in the synthesis of many therapeutic agents. We have seen a few surprising developments in the natural functions of benzothiazole derivatives over the past few years. Due to their extraordinary pharmacological potential, these components are only relevant in the context of therapeutic hormones. This evaluation primarily aims to demonstrate recent systematic research on the various natural functions of benzothiazole compounds that has been conducted.
Keywords: Benzothiazole, Anticancer activity, antimicrobial activity, Heterocyclic element analogues, Benzothiazole derivatives


The signal of current sensor is one of key control parameters of PMSM vector control system.An arithmetic of quasi real-time Wavelet denoising with moving window,used in PMSM traction system,was proposed.The simulation results show that the arithmetic can effectively denoise the signals of current sensor with noise,achieve real-time requirement and enhance the stability of PMSM traction system.A quasi real-time Wavelet denoising module with DSP of PMSM traction system was proposed,whose effect was very obvious in the application of denoising the signal and making PMSM system more stable.


The phenomenon of language death is real. The phrase 'language death' may sound stark and unwelcome, but its grappling muscles on the throat of the Yoruba language have terrible, unannounced and unnoticed suffocating effects. Yoruba is one of the major languages in Nigeria. Does the language face the threat of total extinction in the next two or so decades? The answer is far beyond saying either yes or no. The paper discusses this issue with some illustrational analysis. The paper contends that the largeness of the percentage of the speakers of the language cannot thwart the supplantive moves of language endangerment. The paper then highlights some preventive measures for the Yoruba language to be able to overcome the danger of losing domains in today's flow of globalisation.


In most of studies on nasal vowel production, the nasal tract area at the uvula is used. The ratio between the nasal and the oral tract areas is also proposed. The aim of this paper is to determine which velar variable is more relevant of acoustic changes in nasal vowel transfer functions. It can be considered that each value of a velar variable corresponds to a probability distribution in the acoustic space. Samples of transfer functions representative of this probability distribution are generated by an articulatory model and the statistical Friedman-Rafsky test gives an objective criterion to the approximate notion of "separation" of two multivariate samples. Results show that when the nasal area increases, the sensibility of acoustic transfer functions to nasal area variations decreases and the area ratio becomes a more reliable parameter of acoustics changes in transfer functions.


The hybrid process, Polymer Impregnation and Pyrolysis combined with Powder Space Holder (PSH-PIP) method, has been newly developed to improve the reliability in structure and mechanical properties of SiC/SiC composite. This process can yield an open micro-porous structure derived from a precursor polymer which is ready for being densified by a subsequent PIP processing. Systematic experimental study has been done for the effects of the size and the fraction of the space holding particles on the microstructure. Consequently, SiC porous bodies without any significant cracks were successfully obtained by achieving efficient gas purge and homogeneous thermal shrinkage.


Based on Zhu's and Wang's interpretations and commentaries of the passage from Xi Ci I, "the successive movement of yin and yang constituting tao," this article analyzes how they addressed ontologically the relationship between "yin-yang" and "tao," infers the meanings of "li" and "qi" as well as the relationship between them in their respective ontological doctrines, and then concludes with the similarities and differences between Zhu and Wang. With regards to the relationship between "yin-yang" and "tao," Zhu emphasized how "tao" as an ontological entity differed from "yin-yang" as a phenomenological entity. Regarding the body-application relationship, Zhu somewhat separated "tao" as the body from "yin-yang" as the application. In terms of the relationship between "li' and "qi," Zhu also saw them as two different things, while "qi" was based on "li." On the other hand, Wang saw "tao" as the law of the movement of "yin-yang," while the latter is a real entity, that is to say, "tao" is unified with rather than separated from yin-yang (qi). Therefore, regarding the relationship between "li" and "qi," Wang maintained that "li" was based on "qi." However, what really characterized Wang was the unity rather than distinction of "tao and qi" and "li and qi."


Our collecting area is situated on the largest island of Thailand, the Phuket Island, very popular among main touristic destinations of the country. The island has high hills, a part of the Phuket range extending outside the island, surrounded by agricultural plains. This Phuket range is a part of the larger Tenasserim (Tanaosi) Mountain system, the 1,700 km long mountain chain, extending far northwards and presenting a part of the Indo-Malayan mountain system. The southern section of this extensive chain outside Phuket runs along the Kra Isthmus into the Malay Peninsula. Rivers of Phuket range are not very long because they have their source in these mountains, but since the hills raise directly from the coast there are no notable streams of the island ridge. Few (less than 10) streams of the Phuket Island look more like brooks rather rivers because the hills are low and their basins are small. Usually the western slopes of Phuket range are more densely forested than the eastern for they receive more abundant monsoon rains, although on the island itself this difference is invisible because the distance from the sea is ca. 20 km for the easternmost point on the island. The forest vegetation forms the South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests, which are part of the Kayah–Karen/ Tenasserim moist forests ecoregion included in the Global 200 list of ecoregions identified by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) as priorities for conservation [Olson, Dinerstein, 1998, 2002]. We recognize two distinct Phuket hill sites: the Khao Phra Thaeo region (a protected area on the northeast of the island) and the larger Kamala hill area extending along the western coast mostly at southwestern part of Phuket. None of these hills has elevation exceeding 500 m above sea level. Phuket has a monsoon climate with dry season running from December through ABSTRACT. The list of the caddisfly species found in Phuket Island has 36 recently recorded species and comprises 47 species. Two new species from the family Hydroptilidae, Orthotrichia tonsai, sp.n. and Psychomyiidae, Paduniella phuketiella, sp.n. are described. Hydroptila rumpun Wells et Huisman, 1992 is new species for Thailand. As a result, 19 species are new for Phuket fauna, 2 new for science, one new for Thailand. Updated list of the Trichoptera species known from Phuket Island with new records is provided.


The invention discloses a vehicle power supply output photoelectric coupled isolation circuit, which comprises an input port, an output port, a detection control circuit, a presentation controller circuit and a photoelectric coupled isolation circuit, wherein the photoelectric coupled isolation circuit is connected between the input port and the detection control circuit; an output end of the detection control circuit is connected with the presentation controller circuit and the output port respectively; the detection control circuit comprises a rectifying circuit, a detection circuit, a control circuit and a processing circuit; a filter circuit comprises three filter capacitors which are connected with one another in parallel and are unequal in capacitance value; at least one order of magnitude is formed between every two filter capacitors. The vehicle power supply output photoelectric coupled isolation circuit plays a role in directly connecting an isolated power grid and vehicle power supply; when the power grid or equipment is in a fault, the connection between the power grid and the equipment is effectively cut off; the equipment is protected; and meanwhile, the safety of workers is ensured.


By building carbon emission prediction models for electricity customers, we can support power generation companies to optimize their carbon emission strategies, achieve the goal of carbon emission reduction. However, compared with deep learning models, existing statistics-based prediction models do not learn to represent electricity data well and mine the rich information present in the data. In addition, electricity data often consists of a mixture of data with different generation patterns, which poses a challenge for deep learning models in learning the representation of multi-source electricity data. Therefore, in this paper, we design an end-to-end deep neural network model DecleNet (Dual-view Contrastive Learning Pre-training Network) for the task of predicting carbon emissions of electricity consumers. DecleNet uses window view and enhancement view contrastive learning methods to learn the representation of time-series electricity data, respectively. And attention mechanism is used to learn the importance of data with different generation patterns in the carbon emission prediction task. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model for the carbon emission prediction task and related tasks.


The objectives for the first year of the work package 10 were to write and calibrate a model of Al and P dynamics in the rhizosphere. The Rhizodyn model, developed within the preceding European program "Fitting maize for acid soil", was supplemented (i) for its use on Windows 2000/NT environment, (ii) with a module of adsorption for the anions (phosphate and organic anions), and (iii) with a thermodynamic data base including the constants of formation of the complexes between anions and Al and Fe. In parallel, the model was calibrated for the P adsorption in using isothermal and kinetic studies highlighting the effect of the pH on the fixing of P. An experimental study was done with a soil of Colombia using a special culture device, making possible to conveniently analyse the rhizosphere soil. This work allowed a detailed study of the interactions between H, Al and P in the rhizosphere. It will allow later the validation of the model and the study of sensitivity of the parameters. INCO2 contract No ICA4-CT-2000-30017 Maize for acid soils Work package 10 2 Maize for acid soils First scientific report -2001 The objectives for the first year of the work package 10 were to write and calibrate a model of Al and P dynamics in the rhizosphere. A part of this work has been done in the framework of a thesis (PhD) supported in september 2001 (Firdaus, 2001). Writing of the model The Rhizodyn model was developed to some extent during preceding program INCO1 Fitting maize for acids soils (Calba et al., 1999). This model represented the dynamics of the cations H, Al and Ca in the acid soils. It mainly consisted in the writing, the calibration and the validation of an ionic module of exchange using 3 sites (model of associative Donnan including a site with variable charge for organic matter, a site with fixed charges for clays, and a third site with fixed charges for numerical adjustment), coupled to a module of Al and P speciation in solution. The program had been developed under DOS (Microsoft, USA) using the software Turbo Pascal 7 (Borland, France). Work carried out this first year consisted of 3 points: 1. the adaptation and harmonization of the whole of the calculation and peripheral programs with the new Windows environment. All the programs were upgraded in object programming using the software DELPHI 3 (Borland, France), and were adapted to WINDOWS 2000/NT (Microsoft, USA) environment, transfer of the data in 32 bits, follow-up of calculations in windows supported by WINDOWS, etc.... This stage was a precondition to the developments projected within the framework of this new contract. 2. the writing of a module of anion (phosphate or organic anion) adsorption on the soils surfaces. The concentrations Cf of adsorbed anions are supposed to be relied to the total concentrations Cs of anions in solution by empirical formalisms of Freundlich (Cf = a Kd Cs) or Langmuir (Cf = a Kd Cs / [1 + a Kd Cs]), optionally. Moreover, adsorbing surfaces can be regarded as in equilibrium with the solution, or without equilibrium, optionally again. When adsorbing surfaces are in equilibrium with the solution, the chemical module of speciation integrates the fixed anions as new species: the mass conservation within the system is then imposed by the relation : [Ct] = [Cs] + [Cf] where Ct is the total concentration within the system. When adsorbing surfaces are not in equilibium, the concentrations of anion in solution and fixed on the adsorbing surfaces are relied by a kinetic law as: (dC/dt) = Lf (Cf, actuel – Cf, équilibre) where Lf is a kinetic constant characteristic of the couples anion/surface. 3. the identification of significant complexation reactions and bibliographical research of the values of thermodynamical constants for phosphate and organic anions (citrate, oxalate, malate, succinate) with H, Fe and Al. A data base has been compiled and written. Its use need a modification of the program inputs, projected for the end of 2001. INCO2 contract No ICA4-CT-2000-30017 Maize for acid soils Work package 10 3 Parameters of the model with P : Kinetics – isotherms – pH effect Adsorption isotherms with P We used two oxisols, one of Cameroon the other of Colombia. The use of P makes it possible to plot adsorption isotherms of P on the soil for very weak amounts of P, corresponding to 1, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 100 mg kg of P [ Ca(H2PO4)2H2O ], by adapting the method of Bingham et al. (1978) (fig. 1). For the concentration 100 mg kg, known quantities of HCl and NaOH were added in order to equilibrate the soils with different pH (fig. 2). The soils were put in contact and were stirred 24h with the solutions of P labelled with P, then centrifuged, filtered and analysed using a liquid scintillation counter (model 1209 RACKBETA).


Treatment for pregnant women who present with renal or ureteral colic may have become easier for physician and patient alike.


In this work, two all-fibre interferometric configurations based on suspended core fibres (SCF) are investigated. A Fabry-Pérot cavity made of SCF spliced in-between segments of single-mode and hollow-core fiber is proposed. An alternative sensing head configuration formed by the insertion of a length of SCF as a birefringence element in a Sagnac interferometer is also demonstrated. The sensitivity to pressure and temperature was determined for both configurations.


The limit location and the law of the left side view of the high speed body moving from left to right are discussed.


The main factors contributing to pork eating satisfaction are considered to be tenderness, juiciness and flavour. Tenderness has been identified as being the most important of these factors in terms of variability and perceived deterioration over recent years. Previous research has shown that the eating quality of meat may be influenced by the balance between the rates of lean tissue growth and fat deposition respectively, and this in turn may be influenced by dietary manipulation and/or genotype and sex of animal. It has been suggested that lean tissue growth rate (LTGR) - influenced by daily liveweight gain - fundamentally affects meat tenderness in pigs (Warkup and Kempster, 1991). In beef cattle studies, faster growing animals have been shown to produce more tender meat (Whipple et al, 1990). Previous work has demonstrated that meat from ad libitum fed pigs tends to be more tender and juicy than restrictively fed pigs (MLC, 1988; Ellis et al, 1990). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relative importance of lean and fat tissue growth on pork eating quality.


During routine dissection for MBBS first year in the region of abdomen, tortuous abdominal aorta was noticed in a female cadaver of approximately sixty five years of age. There was no dilatation or reduction in vessel wall thickness as is usually seen in aneurysms. Ultrasonography plays a major role in the exploration of the abdominal aorta, from its emergence from the diaphragm to its bifurcation. It is indicated for the diagnosis and follow-up of various aortic diseases, especially aneurysms. No abnormal pathology of a vessel and more so tortuosity is said to be the result of localized atherosclerosis.


To the Editor: An 83-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with complaints of nausea and right upper quadrant pain that began after a dinner. She had a 20year history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Vital signs were within normal limits. Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen with right upper quadrant pain with deep palpation. There were no abnormal laboratory findings other than alkaline phosphatase 210 U/L (reference range 40–129 U/L) and gamma glutamyltransferase 178 U/L (reference range 8–61 U/L). Hepatobiliary ultrasonography showed dilation of the common bile duct (CBD) and intrahepatic biliary tree. There was also acoustic shadowing that appeared to be a stone at the distal CBD, but there was no pathological finding of the gallbladder. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed dilated intrahepatic biliary tree and CBD (Figure 1A). There was an opacity that appeared to be a stone in the distal CBD on fluoroscopy. After sphincterotomy, a balloon catheter was pulled through the CBD, and a white stone approximately 1 cm in diameter passed into the duodenum (Figure 1B) and was removed (Figure 1C). Choledocholithiasis usually refers to the presence of gallstones in the CBD. It can be a complication of cholelithiasis, so the initial step is to confirm whether there is cholelithiasis. A stone could not be detected in the gallbladder in this woman. On the basis of their composition, gallstones can be divided into cholesterol, pigment, and mixed stones. Other common constituents of gallstones are calcium carbonate, palmitate phosphate, bilirubin, and other bile pigments. Pure cholesterol stones can be whitish or slightly yellow. The composition of this stone could not be analyzed because there is no laboratory in the region where that could be done. This was an extremely rare case of a white choledocholithiasis in an elderly adult.


Terorism in Indonesian is regulated constitution number 15th 2003 about stipulation of government regulations in lieu of laws number 1st 2002 about eradication of terrorist. Although, constitution  eradication of terrorist has been formed, terrorism in Indonesian always happened, like as terrorist act at J.W. Marriot Hotels on 2003 whom responsible was Noordin M.Top dan Dr. Azahari Husin. They were join in Jamaah Islamiyah organization. Based on the above rationale , the issues discussed , namely , first, what is factor cause incidence terorism by members of Jamaah Islamiyah and Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia? second, How is effort Indonesian Republic of Police to prevent incident terorism? Spesification research is analytical descriptive. Method used is as a normative juridical approach and empirical as the main supporter of the main approache. Data source  use of primary data and secondary data. Engineering is a field study data collection through interviews and literature study. Data were presented in the form of descriptive analysis, which describes factor cause incidence terorism and effort to prevent incident terorism by of Jamaah Islamiyah and Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia, while after analysis data will presented with qualitative method. Based on the results of research and discussion can be deduced, first, factor cause incidence terorism by members of Jamaah Islamiyah and Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia because mindset about Islam religion which wrong, social public relation, social politic factor, economic factor and then Solidarity religion. Second, effort Indonesian Republic of Police to prevent incident terorism,  from Regional police West Sumatera which is conducted by Intelijen Directory as implement the program Intelijen Directory to prevent incident terorism, to do coordination with others side, data collection and protection for Electronic media, Deradicalization and Mapin, Fublic Founding Directory as improve quality person of Indonesian Republic Police and arrangement person, external coordination, judge communication with society, counseling and founding for society and Public Relation Section as submit information to society and be relation between Police with society.


1: This is Not a Story. 2: On the Inconsistency of Public Opinion Regarding Our Private Actions. 3: Supplement to Bougainville's Voyage. 4: The Two Friends from Bourbonne. 5: Conversation of a Father with his Children


Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the commonest mesenchymal tumour of the gut. However, the epidemiology of the disease in Egypt is not adequately studied. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients treated for GIST from June 2008 to April 2018 in a tertiary center. Sixty-two cases were eligible for the study. Results: The stomach was the commonest tumor site. The incidence of tumor residue was higher in extra-gastric (intestinal) GISTs. Laparoscopy was more frequently used in gastric GIST surgery. Overall survival was affected by the tumor size and age of the patient, while disease free survival was negatively influenced by invasion of surrounding organs necessitating multiorgan resection, presence of distant metastasis, tumor size and sex of the


With the rapid growth of house construction, sanitary industry are trying to attract and win customers through new series of products, thanks to the WTO membership, are integrating more and more to the global market, and can not stay out of this trend. Indeed, many sanitary factories were built in Vietnam for better serving their customers and attract the new one. Luxury product is still a new concept to majority of people in Vietnam where people just buy it for basis needs. This study focuses on what factors effecting customer's willing to buy toilet appliances. A research framework which based on the DeLone and McLean Information System Success (D&M IS) model for evaluating product characteristic, degree of involvement, brand image and perceived value was developed to identify the factors can affect the customer intention to buy. A diverse sample from people who used to buy and will buy toilet appliance in Hochiminh City was used to test the model. Partial Least Square (PLS) method is employed to empirically test the research model by explaining how product characteristic customer involvement, brand image and perceived value influence purchase intention of customers. The findings from respondent data show that customers' involvement and brand image have direct positive affect on perceived value, while product characteristic and brand image have direct positive affect on purchase intention. Evidences also show that brand image deeply involved in process of purchase decision making, hence the company needs to focus on brand image strategy to attract more customers to buy their product.


Environmental education usually appeals to the students' knowledge and rational understanding. Even though this is needed, there is a neglected aspect of learning ecologically fruitful action; that of the lived-body. This paper introduces the lived-body as an important site for learning ecological action. An argument is made for the need of a biophilia revolution, in which refined experience of the body and enhanced capabilities for sensing are seen as important ways of complementing the more common, knowledge-based environmental education. Alienation from the physical environment is seen as one key element in producing environmental devastation. Consequently, human alienation from nature is seen as closely related to alienation from one's body. It is claimed that through overcoming the (Cartesian) dualist alienation of human consciousness from its lived body, we can decrease the alienation of human beings from their environment. Methods of contemplative pedagogy are introduced for addressing alienation. By getting in touch with the tangible lived-body in yoga or mindfulness meditation we reconnect to the material world of nature. Contemplative pedagogy cultivates the body and its senses for learning intrinsic valuation and caring for the environment. Lived-body experience is challenging to conceptualise; we use Maurice Merleau-Ponty's concept of the flesh in our attempt to do so. Finally, this paper suggests some contemplative practices of the lived-body for environmental education. Experiencing the flesh of oneself and the world as one and the same is an environmentally conducive experience that gives value and meaning to the flourishing of all life, human and non-human.


Calculations have been carried out for hothouses with various roof shapes. The results have been used as a basis for developing a shed hothouse arrangement using soil for energy storage.


Experimentation indicates that, with care, a typist can in many cases reinsert a typewritten document in a typewriter and add a word, line, or paragraph without having vertical or horizontal misalignment.


Shallow debris slides are a common style of slope movement both in the Puget Lowland and Cascade Mountains. Shallow debris slides are characterized by failure of a relatively shallow layer of soil typically sliding on a surface of more competent material, either bedrock or dense glacial sediments. Shallow debris slides are typically 3 to 6 feet (1 to 2 meters) and translational. Shallow colluvial soils on slopes are formed through a variety of processes, including breaking up of the underlying in-place substrate (either bedrock or Quaternary sediments) by freeze/thaw, wetting/drying, bioturbation, and chemical weathering. Soils on steep slopes in King County vary significantly with respect to soil thickness, soil strength, and hydraulic properties; this variability presents the central challenge in assessing their stability across a landscape. Shallow debris slides are widespread across the landscape and are common occurrences during periods of high rainfall in both mountain and lowland settings. Shallow debris slides are often triggered by intense rainfall or, in developed areas, discharge of stormwater onto a steep slope. The potential for shallow debris slides is often increased by other human activities including vegetation removal (including logging) and inappropriate fill placement. Although comparatively small in scale, shallow debris slides can occur on almost any steep slopes anywhere on the landscape. Because this type of landslide is shallow in depth and small in lateral extent, the debris often does not travel a long distance — unless it transitions into a debris flow. But the debris is typically saturated, can move quickly, and often carrying logs or entire trees. Impact and inundation by such debris can be highly destructive in the area of deposition.


We present a new variational principle for linking models of beams and deformable solids, providing also its mathematical analysis. Despite the apparent differences between the two types of governing equations, it will be shown that the equilibrium of systems combining beams and solids can be obtained from a joint constrained variational principle and that the resulting boundary-value problem is well posed.