Abstract The properties as well as solid‐state structures, singlet fission, and organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) performance of three tetrafluoropentacenes (1,4,8,11: 10, 1,4,9,10: 11, 2,3,9,10: 12) are compared herein. The novel compounds 10 and 11 were synthesized in high purity from the corresponding 6,13‐etheno‐bridged precursors by reaction with dimethyl 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine‐3,6‐dicarboxylate at elevated temperatures. Although most of the molecular properties of the compounds are similar, their chemical reactivity and crystal structures differ considerably. Isomer 10 undergoes the orbital symmetry forbidden thermal [4+4] dimerization, whereas 11 and 12 are much less reactive. The isomers 11 and 12 crystallize in a herringbone motif, but 10 prefers π–π stacking. Although the energy of the first electric dipole‐allowed optical transition varies only within 370 cm−1 (0.05 eV) for the neutral compounds, this amounts to roughly 1600 cm−1 (0.20 eV) for radical cations and 1300 cm−1 (0.16 eV) for dications. Transient spectroscopy of films of 11 and 12 reveals singlet‐fission time constants (91±11, 73±3 fs, respectively) that are shorter than for pentacene (112±9 fs). OFET devices constructed from 11 and 12 show close to ideal thin‐film transistor (TFT) characteristics with electron mobilities of 2×10−3 and 6×10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively.


Developing a safer and more effective intersection-control system is essential given the trends of rising populations and vehicle numbers. Additionally, as vehicle communication and self-driving technologies evolve, we may create a more intelligent control system to reduce traffic accidents. We recommend deep reinforcement learning-inspired autonomous intersection management (DRLAIM) to improve traffic environment efficiency and safety. The three primary models used in this methodology are the priority assignment model, the intersection-control model learning, and safe brake control. The brake-safe control module is utilized to make sure that each vehicle travels safely, and we train the system to acquire an effective model by using reinforcement learning. We have simulated our proposed method by using a simulation of urban mobility tools. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms the traditional method.


Objective To investigate the effectiveness of background music in operating room on psychology of patients and medical personnels. Methods A total of 127 patients who would receive selective operation and 65 surgical staff in our hospital were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group. There were 63 patients and 30 medical personnel in the intervention group, 64 patients and 35 medical personnel in the control group. Routine care was given to all patients, and background music was broadcasted after patients and medical personnels coming into operating room in the intervention group. The blood pressure and heart rate of patients were contrasted, and the anxiety status was evaluated by Self-Rating Anxiety Scales (SAS), Visual Analogue Scale was used to appraise the horror, discomfort and pain between the control group and the intervention group. Results Diastolic pressure and systolic pressure was higher and heart rate was more rapid in the control group than in the intervention group. SAS score of patients and medical personnel was higher in the control group than in the intervention groups, degree of horror, pain and complaint in patients was more apparent in the control group than in the intervention group. Conclusions Background music could release negative emotion and was helpful for stabling the mood of medical personnel and preserving physical and mental health of patients.

Key words:
Background music;  Psychology;  Patients;  Medical personnel;  Operation room


Single-mode phase modulators with high efficiency are important for coherent optical communications systems operating in the 1.0-1.6-μm wavelength range. We report on the characteristics of a very efficient AlGaAs/GaAs channel waveguide phase modulator which uses a combination of reversebiased effects (including the plasma effect, electrooptic effect, and dispersion characteristics due to absorption edge shift) that both provide efficient phase modulation and have the potential of being very fast, limited only by the RC.1


Describes in detail a management subsystem to simulate cutting in Lake States forest types. This subsystem is part of a Stand and Tree Evaluation and Modeling System (STEMS) contained in the Forest Resource Evaluation Program (FREP) for the Lake States. The management subsystem can be used to test the effect of alternate management strategies.


Chronic medical conditions take a huge toll on lives of a growing number of people and are a major contributor to the rising costs in healthcare. As patients are increasingly willing to take an active part in managing their conditions, chronic disease self-management programs and information systems that support them are recognized for their potential to improve the quality of healthcare delivery. These programs often rely on recording longitudinal patient data and analyzing it. Therefore, maintaining appropriate data quality is important for self-management programs to be efficient and safe. We designed and implemented a prototype of a health self-management service for chronically ill people. It is a distributed application that supports patients with diabetes at tracking their blood glucose levels. The main design goals were usability, extensibility, security, and interoperability. The system integrates with the Microsoft HealthVault and Google Health personal health record platforms. It utilizes industry-strength storage and security mechanisms, is scalable, and as a result, can be used to gather, securely store, and analyze patient data over long periods of time. In this article we examine how software information technology can support chronic disease self-management and its impact on the quality of patient data. Furthermore, we describe the requirements that drove the system's development, its architecture, and design decisions.


As a kind of tradition food in Korea, Kimchi has passed over hundreds of years and become symbol of diet civilization. Now,Kimchi is not only the indispensable food in Korean table, but also began to get into world market since it has been a large industry. Although Japan possesses 95% exporting portion, Korean enterprises concentrate the gaze on lager market-China. For example, Beijing Hasunjung General Food Co., Ltd was set up in Beijing, which was a signal. Chinese pickles also has exist for long time and not been a large industry. How can it compete with Kimchi that is based on high technology?


Synthetic organic chemistry has a vast scope in various areas like pharmaceuticals, industry and academia. Sustainability has become one of the greatest scientific challenges nowadays, due to environmental, health and societal concerns. Thus, there is a need for developing facile, efficient, and non-polluting synthetic procedures that reduce the use of organic solvents and toxic reagents. 1 Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) or domino reactions provide diverse and highly functionalized molecules via the formation of multiple bonds in a one-pot operation, without isolating the intermediates or changing the reaction conditions. 2 It involves the use of three or more different starting materials to get a complex product which has incorporated in it most, if not all, of the starting materials. MCRs comply with the principles of green chemistry and as a consequence of which, they have emerged as a significant tool in organic synthesis. 3, 4


The article analyzes the evolution of the notion of collective self-defence under the influence of the development of regional organizations and the expansion of self-defence in late 20th century/early 21st century.


Pesticides are widely used in the agricultural sector and other settings. In Malaysia organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides are commonly used to control mosquito-borne disease. This project aims to do three things: assess the exposure to pesticides of a group of workers who mix and spray pesticides to con-trol the mosquito population in Malaysia; estimate workers' lifetime exposure to pesticides using current measurements and retrospective exposure reconstruction methods; determine if pesticide exposed workers have poorer neurobehavioral health when compared to non-exposed controls. Dermal and inhalation exposure assessment will be performed to evaluate current exposure. Workers' exposure over their working life will be estimated using modeling techniques. Neurobehavioral tests will be carried out using paper-based questionnaires and CANTAB® computerized tests. An estimated 127 pesticide workers and a similar number of controls will be approached to take part in this study. The findings of the study will help inform the evidence base relating to long-term health effects of pesticide exposure, and increase understanding of the pesticide exposure of these workers and the effectiveness of current control measures.


Objective: To assess renal cell carcinoma cases and analyze the tumor characteristics in terms of clinical presentation, patient's demographics and the histopathological findings. Methods: This retrospective study included 99 patients with renal masses, of both sexes and different age groups, who presented at our urology department at Prince Hussein Center for Urology and Organ Transplant with various clinical presentations. Patients were scheduled for nephrectomies during the period of January 1 st 2011 to April 1 st 2013. Demographic data were retrieved and reviewed with the histopathological reports obtained from the histopathology department at Prince Iman laboratory research center. Results: Our patients ranged in age from 27 to 80 years old with male : female incidence ratio of 1.75:1(p<0.05). Renal mass was incidentally discovered in 43.4% of cases (p<0.05). Radical nephrectomy was performed in 90.9% of cases. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 71.7% of patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: Clear renal cell carcinoma subtype grade II is the most frequent type of renal cell carcinoma in our Jordanian population. Renal cell carcinoma occurs commonly in males, with no metastases in females and with 6.3% metastases in males.


Objective: To establish an HPLC method to determine the content of corynoline in Pudilan AntiInflammatory tablet. Methods: The Diamonsil C18( 250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column was used. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0. 015 mol·L- 1phosphate buffered solution( p H 6. 7)( 70 ∶ 30 for volume) at flow rate of 0. 8 m L·min- 1. The detection wavelength was 289 nm and the column temperature was 35 ℃. Results: The calibration curve was in good linearity within the range of 0. 141 5-0. 377 3 μg( r = 0. 999 8,n = 6). The average recovery was 98. 49%,and the RSD was 0. 45%( n = 6). Conclusion: This method is simple,accurate,high separation degree,strong specificity and good repeatability,which can be used for determining the content of corynoline in Pudilan Anti-Inflammatory tablet.


The characteristic database construction, which is the core content of characteristic digital information resource construction of the library, is the responsibility of higher vocational college library endowed by The General Academic Library Code(Revised). This paper discusses the significance of the construction of characteristic database of the library of higher vocational college, and probes into the selected subjects, construction principles and construction modes of characteristic database.


Currently,university students show weak sense in autonomous learning,lacking learning motivation,adopting inappropriate learning methods,with weak self-control ability in their study.Educators should help them foster scientific learning concept,construct favorable autonomous learning environment and carry out effective guidance to increase their sense of autonomous learning and development of autonomous learning ability.


Proof. We apply Lemma 3.1 of (Jayram & Woodruff, 2013) with parameters α = 2, p = 1, b = 1, ε = δ, and δ = . This encodes inputs from a problem they prove is hard (augmented indexing on large domains) to inputs appropriate for Hamming estimation. In particular, for n′ = O( 1 δ2 log(1/ )) it gives a distribution on (a, b) ∈ {0, 1} n′ × {0, 1}n that are divided into "NO" and "YES" instances, such that:


This is the third of three articles that quantify the high added value of frequent satellite microwave observations of the atmosphere (with a "refresh" time on the order of 1 min) to capture the dynamics of weather systems. Recent advances in small-satellite and microwave miniaturization, such as the "Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical systems" (TempEST) millimeter-wave radiometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, are paving the way for the design of convoys of spaceborne radars that can directly observe the evolution of severe weather at very fine temporal scales. The analyses presented here are to establish the relation between passive microwave observations and their change in time and the underlying cloud variables and processes and to evaluate the sensitivity to the different physical and instrument parameters. In this third part, simulations are used to demonstrate and quantify the direct sensitivity of a time sequence of mm-wave radiances to the vertical structure of the vertical updrafts in convective storms. It is demonstrated that the brightness temperatures from a pair of low-Earth-orbit (LEO) radiometers maintaining a separation of 1 or 2 min can indeed be used to retrieve the column-maximum magnitude of the vertical wind as well as the height of the maximum. While such passive retrievals do not provide the vertical detail that a pair of radars would produce, the radiometers have a vast swath and therefore enable the observation of an entire storm. The application is therefore quite different from the case of a convoy of radars: rather than compiling radar statistics over multiple years, the radiometer-convoy measurements can be used to analyze every storm that is observed.


Allyl iodide reacts in situ under mild conditions with stannous halide to form allyltin dihaloiodide, which in turn reacts with carbonyl compounds in an aprotic solvent to give the corresponding ho...


The article is devoted to the linguistic and cultural analysis of transport nominations and transport advertising text in order to identify patriotism in creating of a particular transport brand and its advertising. The concept of patriotism has different meanings in different languages and cultures. This concept is associated with the concept of the homeland, environment, self-sacrifice in Russia. This concept has individual character and represents a person with his rights in European countries. A characteristic feature of Russians is considered to love for the homeland, both small and great. Love for the motherland is considered an integral feature of the character of the Russian people. We can see even in the names of various domestic vehicles and it leads to the choice of Russian-made cars in future. Russian transport nominations give the right to speak about the pride of Russian people for their country, since almost all vehicles are named either in honour of the heroes or in honour of Russian territory. Russian advertisers create advertising slogans which contribute to the development of pride and to buy exactly domestic cars. According to modern sociocultural conditions, new names and advertising require the formation of values, generally accepted beliefs about the goals to which a person should aspire. They form the basis of the moral principles of its existence.


We show that the embedding maps Ho (G) c HQ (G) are completely continuous if G is "narrow at infinity" and satisfies an additional regularity condition. This generalizes the classical case of bounded sets G. As an application, the resolvent operator R\, associated with a uniformly strongly elliptic differential operator A with zero boundary conditions is completely continuous in J2f2(G) provided G satisfies the same conditions. This generalizes a theorem of A. M. Molcanov.


[reaction: see text] Conjugated dienes are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis, and the development of new methods for their synthesis remains an important topic in modern synthetic organic chemistry. We describe here an expedient synthesis of highly functionalized conjugated dienes through sequential silicon-tethered ring-closing enyne metathesis mediated by Grubbs' Ru carbene catalysts and Tamao oxidation. Notable attributes of this methodology include short synthetic manipulations and the structural complexity it confers on the resulting diene moiety.


The simplified band transport model of the photorefractive effect in which the material responds linearly to local changes in light intensity modulation ratio (fringe contrast) is examined in detail. The validity of the model for cosinusoidal grating formation is first discussed with reference to spatial frequency and time dependence. The "hopping" model of the photorefractive effect is then considered. It is shown that, although being physically distinct from the band transport model, the hopping model may be considered as a special case of the band transport equations. Results of a numerical simulation of the band transport model are presented which illustrate the validity of the linear in modulation approximation. The band transport model is then extended to describe non-plane wave interactions and include a tensor static permittivity. Features of this extended model are emphasised by some experimental results. These results show the effect of non uniform beam intensity profiles on apparent time constants as measured in four wave mixing experiments using photorefractive Bi12Siqo20


The features of the use of neural networks and machine learning methods for the design of food systems are studied using the example of processed cheese. A database has been developed that includes 869 cheese recipes, and a program for managing an electronic recipe directory. A neural network has been developed, for the training of which the method "Training with a teacher", the activation function "ReLu" and the author's program written in the Python programming language were used. The neural network consisted of 9 neurons in the input layer, two hidden layers of 65 neurons each, and an output layer consisting of 1 neuron. To determine the linear correlation between columns, a matrix was used showing the relationship between values using the Pearson coefficient. A training sample containing 80% of the total number of recipes, a test sample of 10% of the total number of recipes, and a test sample of 10% of the total number of recipes were selected from the primary data set. As a result of training the neural network, an information-advising system for a food technologist has been developed. The system is designed to predict the quality of food recipes. The information-advising system will speed up the correction of existing recipes and the development of recipes for new products, theoretically predict their quality before launching into production. The information-advising system was tested on a test recipe of a new processed cheese. It has been established that with a certainty of 63.6%, the integral indicator of the quality of the new cheese will be 7.7 conventional units. This predicted value was confirmed during the practical production of cheese according to the designed recipe in laboratory conditions and during approbation in production conditions. The new cheese is really distinguished by high quality, good organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters.


In the aftermath of the 2016 U.S. elections, numerous accounts surfaced of nefarious content creators profiting by posting fake content on social media. The most successful engaged in "anti-Clinton fervor," promoted Donald Trump's candidacy and spread right wing news, all for profit...


This paper deals with an approach to design a Safety Instrumented System with the aim of reducing design costs under availability constraints. The design involves the determination of the SIS structure and the allocation of equipment availability and redundancy based on Components off-the-shelf. The SIS structure is interpreted as a p-graph and handled as a Kaufmann reliability network. The optimization approach is genetic method applied to several design problems of increasing complexity.


Under suitable hypotheses on control coefficients, we study Halpern's method to approximate strongly common fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping and of a nonspreading mapping or a fixed point of one of them. A crucial tool in our results is the regularization with the averaged type mappings.


Objective
To investigate the health-seeking behavior and related factors among hypertensive and diabetic patients contracting medical service in Beijing Fangzhuang Community Health Service Center.

Methods
By using stratified random sampling method, 830 contracted hypertensive and diabetic patients were selected in the study. A face to face questionnaire survey was conducted in Fangzhuang Community Health Service Center from November 2016 to January 2017. Total 800 questionnaires were completed, and the medical behavior and influencing factors of patients were analyzed.

Results
The first-contact rate of community for hypertensive and diabetic patients was 73.0%(584/800). The reasons for choosing community service were: near home (86.3%, 690/800), shorter waiting time (71.4%, 571/800) and trust in doctors (50.3%, 402/800); while the reasons for not choosing community service were less drug varieties (76.1%, 609/800), poor facilities (32.1%, 257/800) and lower technical level (11.4%, 91/800). Its influencing factors were: frequent need of accompanying for visit (χ2=5.719, P=0.012), family income (χ2=4.540, P=0.021), awareness of service scopes(χ2=64.668, P=0.000), purpose of service(χ2=19.234, P=0.000), frequency of doctor contact(χ2=9.367, P=0.001), the awareness of referral(χ2=5.736, P=0.011).

Conclusion
The community health service centers should take the advantage of easy access, short waiting time and patients′ trust, at the same time should improve the service conditions and quality, so as to increase the first-contact rate for patients contracting medical service.

Key words:
Hypertension; Diabetes mellitus; Community health centers; Contract services


The stabilities of [Pt(CH2Cl)2(cod)], [Pt(CH2Cl)Cl(cod)](cod = cycloocta-1,5-diene) and a range of phosphine-containing mono- and cis-bis-(chloromethyl)platinum(II) complexes have been investigated in deuteriochloroform at room temperature. Some of the bis(chloromethyl) derivatives appear to be indefinitely stable (cod and chelating arylphosphines), others suffer very slow decomposition to the dichlorides (non-chelating arylphosphines), and the remainder decompose relatively rapidly, and cleanly, to the dichlorides plus ethylene (alkylphosphines, non-chelating faster than chelating). Rapid decomposition of the arylphosphine complexes can be induced by adding hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol to the deuteriochloroform solutions. Attempts to generate [Pt(CH2Cl)2{P(C6H11)3}2] by addition of P(C6H11)3 to [Pt(CH2Cl)2(cod)] resulted in the formation of cis-[Pt–{CH2CH2P+(C6H11)3}Cl2{P(C6H11)3}]; a mechanism is proposed. All cis-mono(chloromethyl) derivatives studied appear to be indefinitely stable. In contrast, the trans-mono(chloromethyl) complexes, although stable in very dry solvent, undergo decomposition in the presence of moisture to the corresponding hydrides plus formaldehyde; a mechanism is proposed. The hydrides undergo subsequent conversion into a mixture of cis and trans dichlorides.


When a bound document such as a book is scanned or copied with a flat-bed scanner, there are two kinds of defects in the scanned image; the geometric and photometric distortion. The root cause of the defects is the imperfect contact between the book to be scanned and the scanner glass plate. The long gap between the book center and the glass plate causes the optical path from the surface of the book and the imaging unit(CCD/CIS) to be different from the optimal condition. In this paper, we propose a method for restoring bound document scan images without any additional information or sensor. We correct the bound document images based on the estimation of the boundary feature and background profile. Boundary Feature is obtained after calculating and analyzing the Minimum Boundary Rectangle which encloses the whole foreground contents with minimum size and the extracted feature is used for correcting geometric distortion; de-skew, warping, and page separation. Background profile is estimated from the gradient map and it is utilized to correct photometric distortion; exposure problem. Experimental results show effectiveness of our proposed method.


Research trends of papers published in Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland Science(JKSGS) during last 20 years (1982~2001) were examined. Total number of papers published in JKSGS during last 20 years was 668. In the classification of published papers according to research objects, the rate of paper related to grassland was highest as average 18.6% of total research papers during last 20 years. Next was an orchardgrass 8.7, com 8.4, and sorghum and sorghum × sudangrass hybrid 7.1%. In classification of published papers according to research fields, cultivation field was studied more than others and the rate of cultivation field was highest as 38.8%, and physiology, utilization, breeding and biotechnology field was 23.7, 20.7, 9.1 and 6.6%, respectively. In comparison of average rate of research contents on the papers published during last 20 years, studies on the manure and fertilization were continously increased up to average 20% during recent 5 years (1997~ 2001). Study on the biotechnology was rapidly increased from average 6.6% of last 20 years to average 15% of recent 5 years. Study on the weed was also increased from average 2.5% to 5.9%. On the other hand, studies on the productivity and quality were rapidly decreased from average 31.3% of 5 years(1982~1986) to average 7.7% of recent 5 years. Research trend on the pasture appeared to be similar.


Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, Deng Xiaoping had summarized the experience and lessons learnt over the decades after the founding of the People's Republic, and proposed a series of conceptions on the rule of law. First, Deng analyzed the reason why China had no rule of law in a long history. Second, Deng put it clearly that it is the Party and the country's unswerving policy to be committed to the development of socialistic democracy and legal system, whose important role in the current overall situation had thus been established. Third, Deng proposed the principles in dealing with the relationship between the Party and the law. Fourth, Deng emphasized the promotion of democracy and enhancement of supervision, especially of the Party's organizations and leaders.


IntroductionIn Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA), polyethylene wear reduction is key to implant longevity. Oxidized Zirconium (OxZi) unites properties of a ceramic bearing surface and metal head, producing less wear in comparison to standard Cobalt-Chromium (CoCr) when articulating with Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) in vitro. This study investigates in vivo polyethylene (PE) wear, outcomes and complications for these two bearing couples in patients at 5 year follow-upMethods400 patients undergoing THA across four institutions were prospectively randomised into three groups. Group I received a cobalt-chrome (CoCr) femoral head/ cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) liner; Group II received an OxZi femoral head/ ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) liner; Group III received an OxZi femoral head/XLPE liner. All bearing heads were 32 mm. Linear wear rate was calculated with Martell computer software. Functional outcome and complications were recorded.ResultsAt median follow-up of 3.7 years, implant survi...


Original Research Paper Received 20 October 2014 Accepted 30 November 2014 Available Online 10 January 2015 Fault detection of ball bearings by the complex and non-stationary vibration signals with noise is very difficult, especially in the early stages. Also, many failure mechanisms and various adverse operating conditions in ball bearings involve significant nonlinear dynamical properties. The quality of chaotic vibration of ball bearings is studied by the reconstructed phase space. The phase space demonstrates different chaotic vibration of ball bearing for different healthy/faulty conditions. However, to easily use this procedure in the ball bearing fault detection, the chaotic behavior of vibration signal is quantified by set of new features. The new set of features based on chaotic behavior, including the largest Lyapunov exponent, approximate entropy and correlation dimension is extracted to acquire more fault characteristic information. The effectiveness of the new features based on chaotic vibrations in the ball bearing fault detection is demonstrated by the experimental data sets. The proposed approach can reliably recognize different fault types and have more accurate results. Also, the performance of the new procedure is robust to the variation of load values and shows good generalization capability for various load values.


With all of the recent research connecting optimism to physical well-being, it is logical to wonder when and how the concept of optimism develops in a person. With the lack of research in this area, this project represents a first step at understanding the origins of child optimism by exploring a variety of family and environmental factors believed to influence the development of optimism in children. Kindergarten students were presented with an optimism measure specifically designed for their developmental level. Additionally, the child was presented with a persistence task, where the time the child persevered on an impossible maze was recorded. It was hypothesized that the children's optimism scores and persistence times would be positively correlated, in accordance with the adult literature. Parents of the kindergarteners completed questionnaires dealing with parenting style (verbosity, over-reactivity, and laxness), parent optimism, depression, as well as demographic information. It was predicted that parent optimism would be positively related to child optimism, while ineffective parenting practices and parent depression would be negatively related to child optimism. Although the relationship between child optimism and persistence was in the predicted direction, the statistic failed to reach significance. With respect to family factors, the best model included parent optimism and parent depression, both of which were positively related to child optimism. Results are discussed in terms of future research in optimism development. Family Transmission of Optimism 3 Effects of Family and Environmental Factors on the Development of Optimism in Children The past twenty years have shown a surge of dispositional optimism research in the psychology literature. Much of this research has been in the area of health psychology, where optimism has been shown to be related to several aspects of well-being. Scheier & Carver (1993) give a good review of the health benefits of optimism. They define dispositional optimism as "the belief that good, as opposed to bad, things will generally occur in one's life" and argue that this trait should remain stable over time. In line with this notion, they show that higher levels of optimism are related to lower incidences of post-partum depression in women, as well as lower levels of distress for college freshmen adjusting to their new lifestyle. In addition to these psychological benefits, Scheier & Carver (1993) also point to certain remarkable physical benefits of optimism. In a study of coronary bypass patients, dispositional optimism was related to a lower incidence of heart attacks during surgery, a faster rate of recovery, and a quicker return to their normal life. With evidence such as this, it is clear that optimism is an important psychological trait to understand. One question posed by Scheier & Carver (1993) is that of the origin of optimism within a person. As they have pointed out, little research attention has been devoted to this area. Ryback (1970), in a procedure similar to the present study, presented first grade students with a series of short stories. Each story had three possible endings (optimistic, pessimistic, and compromise) from which the child chose the most likely outcome. Prior to story presentation, the child was either induced to feel success (via an easy, relaxed test and verbal praise) or failure (via a difficult, stressful test and verbal reprimand). He found that the manipulation had no effect on optimistic or compromise responses, but that children in the failure condition responded pessimistically significantly more often than children in the success condition. He speculated that continued experience of failure (and its negative consequences) might lead to a permanent shift in dispositional optimism. Family Transmission of Optimism 4 Fischer & Leitenberg (1986) endeavored to assess the optimism of elementary school students (ages 9 to 13) and correlate this data with self-esteem and peer popularity data. The scale used to assess optimism in their study was a modified version of the Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale (Fibel & Hale, 1978) that was intended to assess the children's expectancies about distant goals. They found that elementary school children possess the same tendency toward positive expectations (the so-called "optimistic bias") that is found in adults. In addition, the relationships between optimism and the other factors, self-esteem and peer popularity, were weak at best. Fischer & Leitenberg (1986) concluded that success and failure experiences in young children may influence similar situations in the short-term, but not long-term expectations, as was proposed by Ryback (1970). This apparent discrepancy of opinion between Fischer & Leitenberg (1986) and Ryback (1970) raises another important question: Do the personality traits of young children remain stable enough to predict adult personality traits? Scheier & Carver (1993) discuss dispositional optimism as a trait that remains stable across time and traumatic events, but at what age does it stabilize? Friedman, Tucker, Tomlinson-Keasey, Schwartz, Wingard, & Criqui (1993) attempted to answer this all-important question about the predictive value of childhood personality. Specifically, Friedman et al. wanted to see if childhood personality traits would predict longevity. To accomplish such a task, they used data from one of the longest longitudinal studies on record: L.M. Terman's study of genetic genius. This study, which began in 1921 by Terman and was continued until 1986 by others, recorded massive amounts of data to trace the development of 1,178 bright children. Friedman et al. used data collected in 1922, when the children were on average 12 years old. The data were obtained from parents and teachers and assessed 25 different traits. Friedman et al. factor-analyzed the data to form 6 basic traits: (a) Conscientiousness/Social Dependability, (b) High Motivation/Self-Esteem, (c) Cheerfulness/Humor/Optimism, (d) Sociability, (e) HighFamily Transmission of Optimism 5 Energy/Activity, and (f) Permanency of Moods. Out of these six factors, two were related to longevity (after controlling for gender, birth year, and intelligence). The Conscientiousness/Social Dependability variable was positively related to longevity, while the Cheerfulness/Humor/ Optimism variable was negatively related to longevity. Their interpretation of this latter counterintuitive result is that cheerfulness and optimism might diminish the perception of various health risks. For example, a cheerful and optimistic person might not quit smoking because they are certain it will not harm them. Although this study found relationships with only two of the six factors obtained from the Terman data, it demonstrates the long-term predictive value of childhood personality as no other study has. Within the relatively small set of studies dealing with childhood optimism, there seems to be little consistency in the ages of the children of interest. For instance, Ryback (1970) studied firstgraders, while the Fischer & Leitenberg (1986) and Friedman et al. (1993) looked at children in the range of fourth through eighth grade. By what age, then, should a trait such as optimism be apparent? By definition (Scheier & Carver, 1993), optimism primarily requires a concept of time and the future. Piagetian theory suggests that the sense of time develops in the concrete operational stage, from about age 7 to 12. Thus, by this criterion, the children studied by Ryback (1970) should have been old enough to possess the basic skills for optimistic or pessimistic thinking. However, there are some developmental researchers who believe that concrete operations can emerge at younger ages. Mossler, Marvin, & Greenberg (1976) showed that 85% of five-yearolds were able to engage in conceptual perspective taking when task demands were lessened. The same group of researchers (Greenberg, Marvin, & Mossler, 1977) also found an earlier emergence of conditional reasoning than postulated by Piaget. They showed that 90% of five-year-olds could reach a logical conclusion based on a given premise, justify their response, and identify a situation where none of the possible responses follow logically from the premise. Finally, Elizabeth Brittan Family Transmission of Optimism 6 (1981) found that number, space, and time conceptualization did not emerge simultaneously in children. Since Piagetian concrete operations are usually defined by performance on conservation tasks, temporal understanding may be reasonably developed by the time traditional concrete operations is determined. Given these three studies, it seems plausible that a child's sense of time may be developed by the time the child enters kindergarten. The goal of the present study was to trace the development of optimism in children via family and environmental factors. It was a direct response to the question of the origin of optimism posed by Scheier & Carver (1993). Contrary to the proposition that repeated experiences of success or failure would gradually alter the development of optimism (Ryback, 1970), the current study explored optimism development in the context of operant conditioning and observational learning. In essence, it was hypothesized that the child learns optimism through interactions with his or her parents. More specifically, it was predicted that parental optimism and depressive symptoms would be strongly correlated with child optimism. As the child witnesses his or her parents' way of dealing with stress and adversity, he or she should acquire the same coping style and expectancy pattern. Another factor predicted to relate to child optimism is parenting style. Ineffective parenting techniques such as losing one's temper, swearing, or hitting (over-reactivity) might lead the child to a more pessimistic coping style. Other ineffective techniques such as lack of consis


Myrmicaria brunnea forager communicates by means of chemical and/or acoustic signals so that other foragers present nearby can move towards it and find the bait sooner than they would on their own. However, this sort of communication seem to have not been present in Diacamma sp. foragers.


Any reform in education leverages reform in teacher education. The National Accreditation Council for Teacher Education developed Standards for Accreditation of Teacher Education Programs including specific standards relating to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Data from 103 teacher education programs (TEPs) accredited during the first 2 years evidenced that TEPs in the earlier phases remained low on ESD while those accredited later were found to be better. Data and feedback also reveal that TEPs are working to meet the prerequisite ESD indicators—nonaccredited ones before submission for accreditation and the accredited ones for improved ratings. Thus, accreditation is effective in overall quality enhancement of TEPs and is helping them to adopt ESD concepts and practices.


AbstractThe permeability coefficients of methotrexate (MTX) and a series of its mono and dialky1 ester prodrugs across full-thickness hairless mouse skin have been determined using an in vitro diffusion method. MTX was found to permeate across this skin model with a mean permeability of 5.6x10-5 cm/hr. Monoesterification only slightly improved MTX permeation and the effect appeared to be invariant with alky1 chain length. Diesterification of MTX, on the other hand, resulted in derivatives prone to simultaneous conversion during permeation by both skin esterase and chemical hydrolysis in the diffusion medium. The contribution of conversion to overall MTX diffusion was treated mathematically in order to calculate the intrinsic permeabilities of MTX dialky1 esters. It was found that the dialky1 esters showed a parabolic permeability versus chain length relationship with the dimethy1 ester being the most permeable compound.


A receiver which utilizes a maximum-likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE) for application to the American Digital Cellular (ADC) system is described. A MLSE shows good performance for a static channel. However, for the fast time-varying channel like a mobile radio application, the tracking capability of a MLSE is a problem. The receiver consists of the adaptive MLSE having improved tracking properties, the carrier synchronization using a phase-locked loop (PLL) and the symbol synchronization which recover the optimum sample timing for the different delay of the multipath channel. Simulation results show that bit-error rates below 3% at all delay intervals of up to one symbol period can be achieved when E/sub b//N/sub 0/ is about 17 dB and the Doppler frequency is 80 Hz. The performance corresponds to a margin of more than 4 dB for the requirements.<<ETX>>


Accounts of the paradigmatic history of twentieth century American geomorphology traditionally describe Gilbert and Davis in anthithetical terms. That characterization partially misrepresents Gilbert, who was a geographer and an educator as well as a geologist and an investigator. Viewing the Gilbertian paradigm as the antithesis of the outmoded Davisian paradigm may have facilitated the acceptance of Gilbert's approach, but extending the dichotomous generalization to other aspects of Gilbert and Davis impedes full appreciation of Gilbert's contributions.


The sponsor of the journal periodical, as one of the academic periodicals and with the characteristics of high social effect which i s difficult to be measured, is hard to gain benefit for its own. It needs, there fore, to be supported and encouraged by the society and the authority. The curre nt journal periodical still has some disadvantages, ought to advance in the righ t direction with its own characteristics and try to win both the economic return s and social effect.


Titanium surface was treated by means of different solutions(1wt% hydrofluoric acid(HF) solution,30wt% hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) solution and HF/H2O2 mixed solution with ratios of 1∶5,5∶1 and 1∶5),and then obtained activated surface with different topologies.The structure,roughness,hydrophilicity and chemical properties on the surface of the samples were characterized and analyzed using scanning electronic microscopy(SEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),contact angle meter and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).In addition,we also investigated how the treated titanium surface affects the morphology,proliferation and differentiation of osteosarcoma cells(MG63) by in vitro cell culture.The results show that the titanium surfaces treated by HF and H2O2 mixed solution are rougher and have more F-and OH-group than the others,indicating that these surfaces are more fit for the cell's adhesion,spreading,growth and proliferation.The titanium surface treated by HF and H2O2 mixture with 1∶5 ratio presents the most excellent cell biocompatibility at the immediate time of cell culture.So,maybe the treating method in the study is effective to promote the rapid integration between titanium and its surrounding bone tissues.


™ , we genotyped three polymorphisms in 80 individuals of African-descent aged 5 to 18 years of age. Results: The frequency of the rs1837253 allele T was 41.9%, for the allele A, 14.3% for rs17551370, and 22.5% for the allele T of rs2289276. The rs17551370 and rs2289276 distribution remained in Hardy- Weinberg genetic equilibrium. The allele frequency of each SNP did not show statistically significant differences with those reported for other African and African-descendent populations. Conclusion: The three polymorphisms in the TSLP were present in the sample population of San Basilio de Palenque and its distribution is similar to that reported for African populations and African ancestry in America.


Objective
To establish mice colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and analyze its immune profile.

Methods
4% DSS was given to BALB/c mice for 9 days to establish acute colitis model. Drinking water without DSS was given in the following 7 days to establish recovery colitis model. Weight loss and hematochezia were monitored daily. The histological appearance of the colon and the number, phenotypes, and cytokine production of lymphocytes were evaluated.

Results
The total lymphocyte number [spleen: (90.1±15.2)×106 vs. (49.8±17.1)×106, P<0.01; MLN: (15.9±3.0)×106 vs. (5.5±2.2)×106, P<0.05] and the production of IL-2 [spleen: (3.9±0.7) ng/ml vs. (1.3±0.2) ng/ml, P<0.01; colonic lamina propria (CLP): (41.7±8.3) ng/ml vs. (2.0±0.2) ng/ml, P<0.01] and interferon (IFN)-γ [spleen: (12.7±1.7) ng/ml vs. (6.8±0.8) ng/ml, P<0.01; CLP: (47.9±6.2) ng/ml vs. (17.2±3.3) ng/ml, P<0.01] were decreased, while the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ cells [spleen: 1.7±0.2 vs. 2.8±0.7, P<0.01; MLN: 2.5±0.5 vs. 4.0±0.5, P<0.01] was increased in acute DSS colitis. However, the production of IL-4 and IL-10 was unchanged. In addition, DSS inhibited the proliferation, while promoted the apoptosis of lymphocytes.

Conclusion
DSS caused the imbalance of Th1/Th2 response and altered the local and systematic immune state in mice.

Key words:
Inflammatory bowel disease; Ulcerative colitis; Dextran sulfate sodium; Cytokine


Due to the common use of electronic health databases in many healthcare services, healthcare data are available for researchers in the classification field to make diseases' diagnosis more efficient. However, healthcare-medical data classification is most challenging because it is often imbalanced data. Most proposed algorithms are susceptible to classify the samples into the majority class, resulting in the insufficient prediction of the minority class. In this paper, a novel preprocessing method is proposed, using boosting and crossover to optimize the ratio of the two classes by progressively rebuilding the training dataset. This approach is shown to give better performance than other state-of-the-art ensemble methods, which is demonstrated by experiments on seven real-world medical datasets with different imbalance ratios and various distributions.


From August 1978, through August 1988, a total of 697 precipitation events were recorded at Lewes (averaging 5.9 events per month). Due to low volume events, samples rejected due to contamination, and events missed due to power failure/equipment malfunction, 14% of these events were not analyzed for all major ions. However, expressed in terms of volume, only 1.3% of the total incident precipitation at Lewes was not analyzed during this period. In addition to precipitation events, 52 field blanks have been conducted since the inception of this testing protocol in 1983. These blanks correspond to antecedant dry periods of 7 days (168 hours), and are part of the network QA/QC Program. Additionally, ''blind'' QA samples are processed and shipped on a quarterly basis. Qualitatively, trends in precipitation composition at Lewes are consistent with other inland MAP3S sites: observed summer maxima in acidity reflect seasonal peaks in the two predominant acid components, nitrate and sulfate. Quantitatively, the concentrations of protons, excess sulfate and nitrate measured at Lewes are somewhat less than the MAP3S average, perhaps reflecting the influence of relatively ''clean'' ocean air masses at the coast. 21 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.


A recursive algorithm for the implicit derivation of the determinant of a symmetric sparse quindiagonal matrix derived from the finite difference discretization of a self adjoint elliptic partial differential equation in a two dimensional rectangular domain is developed in terms of its leading principal minors (Evans & Rick, 1979). The algorithm is shown to yield a sequence of polynomials from which the eigenvalues can be obtained in ascending or descending order of magnitude by use of the well known Secant method. This method is then speeded up considerably by the use of Partial Sturm sequences, thus saving the time used in calculating the full sequence for every iteration. A similar strategy has been given previously in Evans et al. (1981)


This paper presents an experiment on the marine riser under the effects of stepped current,which is in deepwater and with a big length to diameter ratio.Numerical simulations for flow field are carried out in order to improve experimental designs.And the experiment's outflow conditions are in accordance with laboratory's basic situations.The final scheme is decided based on the results of the numerical simulations,and comparative analysis is made between experimental and numerical data.The results show that the uniform flow field is achieved within tolerance by the experimental pool redesigned.Besides,the results of simulation are very similar to the experimental data of velocity in the condition of low velocity,but a little larger than real ones in the condition of high velocity.


A twisted-pair quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) transceiver IC accommodates data rates from 0 to 52 Mb/s. The QAM transceiver is a monolithic mixed signal device implemented in 0.35 /spl mu/m four-level metal single-poly CMOS. The transceiver supports 4-, 16-, 32-, 64-, 128-, and 256-QAM modulation formats and operates at symbol rates as high as 13 MBaud. The transceiver chip contains a fully-integrated transmitter, including ATM UTOPIA or synchronous input interface, packet-formatting logic, Reed-Solomon forward error correction (FEC) encoding, a rate-adaptive QAM modulator and a 10 b D/A converter. The receiver portion of the transceiver chip consists of a high-precision 10 b A/D converter, a programmable rate QAM demodulator, all-digital clock and carrier recovery loops, powerful adaptive filters to provide rejection of narrowband interferers and the equalization of severe channel distortions, FEC decoding, ATM UTOPIA or synchronous output interface and an analog phase-lock loop for internal clock generation from a single crystal reference. The QAM transceiver may be used in applications such as asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) and very high-speed digital subscriber line (VDSL) services.


A simple argument demonstrates that the mean strategy of a diploid sexual population at evolutionary equilibrium can be expected to be an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) in the formal sense. This result follows under a wide set of models of genetic inheritance of strategy (including sexual selection) provided that the ESS is both attainable and maintainable.


We propose a methodology for detecting multiple change points in the mean of an otherwise stationary, autocorrelated, linear time series. It combines solution path generation based on the wild contrast maximisation principle, and an information criterion‐based model selection strategy termed gappy Schwarz algorithm. The former is well‐suited to separating shifts in the mean from fluctuations due to serial correlations, while the latter simultaneously estimates the dependence structure and the number of change points without performing the difficult task of estimating the level of the noise as quantified e.g. by the long‐run variance. We provide modular investigation into their theoretical properties and show that the combined methodology, named WCM.gSa, achieves consistency in estimating both the total number and the locations of the change points. The good performance of WCM.gSa is demonstrated via extensive simulation studies, and we further illustrate its usefulness by applying the methodology to London air quality data.


The establishment of evaluation index system and the use of level analysis and fuzzy theory to make instructional models will provides a fuzzy evaluation method for the qualitative and quantitative combination of classroom teaching in institutions of higher learning in terms of student involvement and classroom teaching quality evaluation.


A method, based on a boundary-integral mwsen~tton of the elast$c dfwlac=nt~ forcalculatlW crack-opening-displacementson a flat crack of arbitrary,shape and for incident elastic wam:esof arbitrary direction, polarization, and wavelength is develo~d and illustrated by application to Rayleigh scattering from two families of crack shapes. The crack-opening-displacementis expanded in a truncated complete set af functions on the crack surface. This transfoswtsthe boundary-integral repres.wtation into a matr~x equation with rank three times the order of the truncation. This m:rlx equation has the properties that can be expressed as the result of an extmnum principle with respect to variations of the expansion coefficients of the crack-opening-displacmimt (thus converges as the truncation order increases) and thesnatrix kernel (which must be iuverted) is positive definite. INTRODUCTION Calculations of scattering froa cracks in 3d are ~ager. Although geometrical diffraction theory can provide some results for very short wavelengths, there are in the literature no quantitative calculations of scattering from cracks of arbitrary sh&pe at long or intetmeaiate wavelengths. Such a theory is here proposed and ifsplemented. In the following tiewill develop the me. -d and illustrate fts application to flat cracks at long wavelength. We start with an integral equation for the crack opening displacement, which is converted to a matrix equation by means of introducing a set of functions on the crack surface into which to expand the crack-opening-displacement(COO). The equation is solved for the COD in the Rayleigh limit, and re~ults for scattering of long-wavelength elast~c waves fro& two famille~ of shapes of flc'.cracks are exhibited. Integral Equation for the COD. The equation with which we start is the surface-{ntegral ~p~e$entation for the @lastic displacement vector u(r). A con{~?~ant form is given by BostrMa and F,risten;kon : Hern.S is the boulidaryof a vo:d os shown tn Ffg. 1, 1 #s t+e Graen'k traction ? adic (woral formz for itare given by 8K)t is a u~it vector nomal to th~ turface~, Bnd k ❑ p/p, k = p/A+2u aru the wavs numbers of sheftrsandlon !!udfn~l ! wavc~ propagating III a hsmugennou$ an Iootrop{c v, (9' R V2 St Fig. 1. The geowtry associated w~th Eq. 1. The volume V Is filled with an eiastfc medium with Lamd parameters A, p and density P. $'2 is a void, elastic ❑$dium+with Lard parameters A, p and densiLy P. UinC (r) is an incident plane wave. If the void becomes e crack, S1 degenerates Into a crack bottom and a crack top, both of which are the came open surface Cl. U~th the COD written es


Abstract The demand for wood-based materials as an alternative to plywood is increasing, and a synthetic adhesive is typically used for the fabrication of such materials. The identification of repl...


An effort was undertaken to assess the validity of the design criteria currently specified in selected standards. The effort was concentrated on the criteria contained in the Human Engineering Design Criteria for Military Systems Equipment and Facilities (MIL-STD 1472), which is mandatory for use by all Departments and agencies of the Department of Defense. Both psychologists and engineers reviewed individual statements on several levels including: 1) Intelligibility, 2) Consistency with other statements contained within the standard, 3) Consistency with a referenced specification, standard, or other design references, 4) Quality of the statement – Can the statement be attributed to a reference document? If so, does that source agree with that particular statement or has the statement been cited inappropriately or out of context? The quality of the statement was determined by comparing the statement with data contained in a wide variety of handbooks and design guides including: Human Factors Engineering Guide to Equipment Design, Bioastronautics Data Book, NASA NSFC-STD 267A, etc. Also, selected sections were compared with current research as well as reviews of the literature. A record was kept of those statements which could be attributed to a source; those which could not and those which, while they could be attributed to a source, were suspect. Where it was possible to present the data in a tabular or graphic form, the data were reformated. When suspect or apparently data-less areas were uncovered, a three pronged literature review was undertaken. The three prongs included: 1) Determining what was available in the literature. 2) Presenting literature findings in a report format and if possible in a graphic format (matrix, figure, nomograph) emphasizing trade-off possibilities. 3) Identifying what was missing, what needed to be done, and how it should be done. The study described above is part of an on-going effort sponsored by the Naval Air Systems Command. It is expected that both in-house and contractor efforts in this area will be continued and will ultimately result in improved design criteria.


Many police dogs do not reach their expected retirement age as they are no longer able to cope with the physical demands of the job. Annual licensing requires police dogs to complete a series of agility tasks, including jumping and negotiating an A-frame obstacle, both of which are associated with higher injury rates in canine agility competitors. This study sought to measure conformational, kinematic, and kinetic parameters of actively employed police German Shepherd Dogs (GSDs), whilst completing a 55 cm jump hurdle, and a standard A-frame. Each dog completed three repetitions of each obstacle and was also recorded at both walk and trot. Contact pressures and forces were measured, whilst joint kinematics were recorded using reflective markers and a high-speed camera. Results found that static hip angle was significantly correlated with hip flexion at trot, during jump suspension and at the apex of the A-frame. Stifle and hock flexion were greatest during the suspension phase of jump (56.98±11.710° and 54.51±17.430°). Shoulder and elbow flexion were greatest at the apex of A-frame (104.34±16.744° and 75.72±20.804°), whilst carpal extension was highest upon landing from the jump (125.77±7.071°). Peak vertical force (PFz) when normalised for body mass (BM) increased when landing from A-frame (14.28 N/kg BM) as opposed to landing from the jump obstacle (12.055 N/kg·BM). Our results show that increased range of motion (ROM) is required during both jumping and negotiation of A-frame compared to walk and trot, but more significantly, greater forces are incurred upon landing from the A-frame than compared to jumping. It was also observed that dogs were subject to high degrees of torsion in the distal limbs upon landing from the A-frame due to trained behaviours. We conclude that use of agility equipment generates greater forces through the musculoskeletal system and requires a greater ROM than what is experienced at walk and trot, which may contribute to early retirement ages in police dogs.


According to the law in China,the Residents Committee (RC) is an autonomous mass organization at the grass-roots level with the characteristics of autonomous administration,self-discipline,and self-service,which can be called a special non-governmental organization.However,in the real social life,RC also plays such a role as the government does.Therefore, there is inconsistence between its actual role as a political power subject and its legal placement as a non-governmental organiza- tion.Based on such a situation,it is argued in this paper that there is a serious mistake in the placement of the political power subject in terms of only taking autonomy and direct election at the grass-roots level of RC as direct democracy in urban areas. Anyway,the practice of such mistaken direct democracy should be considered as a necessary preparation for real direct democra- cy.In order to politically upgrade such mistaken direct democracy to real direct democracy,it is quite necessary and imperative to bring about a return of RC to a civil society,a separation of political and social affaires from each other,and establishment of the Street-based Community Committee as the political power subject of real direct democracy in the grass-roots units.


A printer ribbon supply apparatus, simple structure and easy assembly, wherein the rack without engaging element is provided, supported on the carrier holding the pinion gear and the rack when filled head bracket toward and away from the rack between engagement. Arm swingably supported at one end of the bracket, and the pinion gear operably linked rotatably supported at the other end of the arm is engaged with the rack. Used to push the pinion gear toward the rack torsion coil spring one end of the pressure arm engages the other end engaged with the carriage. Toward and away from the respective carrier rack movement arm swings to maintain the engagement between the pinion gear and the rack suitable.


In my article entitled "The terminator saga", I had explained the basic principles of regulation of gene expression (based on Jacob-Monod model) and how gene expression can be possibly regulated tissue specifically and development stage specifically.


The needs of the regional planning and education for organized, concentrated and readily available information in Greece require an integrated solution. The lack of a complete and systematic cartographic documentation of the land and the socioeconomic spatial parameters of Greece, creates a great scientific and development gap as the last relevant Atlas goes back to 1963 and it is considered as old, at least as far as the data used are concerned. The recent publication of a new Atlas in this field, does not cover the gap mainly because the cartographic approach followed is rather limited and weak. As a consequence, such cartographic challenge is a major concern for specialists especially from the domain of the university. The present project is attempting to cover the needs we mentioned before via the design of an electronic regional atlas of a unique Greek region (Epirus). The design includes the standards, the thematic contents and the structure and functionality. The structure of a regional atlas, considering that it may evolve into a national atlas, should be an application that would be flexible and userfriendly. The main parts of the Atlas are the web service which is the main application and the mapping service which creates the maps. The structure of the thematic content of the Atlas will be referring to three major sections of describing the region: a. analysis of the geographical composition b. an analysis of geographical features of the mountainous area c. presentation of complex processes of spatial organization. The Regional Atlas of Epirus is to fill the gaps that occur due to the lack of concentrated and organized information its mapping. The Atlas will be a model for further attempts in Greece, as will be the first attempt to design an electronic interactive tool which will gather all the data and characteristics at regional level. The electronic version of Atlas enables continuous updating with new data while the availability through the Internet, enables quick and easy access to scientists involved in regional development and also the ordinary citizen, student or adult.


A major cause of infection‐related deaths in immunocompromised patients is the protein toxin ExoU, encoded by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Brown Deer SMART (Students Modeling A Research Topic) Team has modeled ExoU using 3D printing technology to have a better grasp on how the toxin interacts with eukaryotic cells. P. aeruginosa uses a type 3 secretion system (T3SS) to inject toxins including ExoU into the cell to disrupt its functionality. The T3SS is a needle‐like structure comprised of proteins that allow the bacterium to transfer effector proteins into innate immune cells. ExoU travels through the T3SS using a chaperone protein (SpcU). Once inside the eukaryotic cell, ExoU interacts with ubiquitin, where it refolds into an active potent phospholipase that breaks down cellular membranes using Ser142 and Asp344 as the catalytic amino acids. The exact mechanism is unknown but the C‐terminus (residues 580–683) helps in targeting the membrane, allowing ExoU to break it down. P. aeruginosa is able to freely reproduce inside the environment of the host organism as the immune system is not able to compensate for the infected cells and bacterium. Left unchecked, this infection will prove fatal. Research is being conducted to create an ExoU inhibitor to reduce the deaths it causes in patients with compromised immune systems. Supported by a grant from NIH‐CTSA UL1RR031973.


Materials resources constitute a large portion of a project's total cost and this makes them an important and attractive subject to control. Proper control and management of materials can meaningfully increase productivity by 6%, or more. A model based on automatic, or semiautomatic, data collection for materials management and control was developed. Based on project plans, the model initiates and manages the ordering of materials automatically and monitors both the actual flow of materials and the current stock at the construction site. The model permits real-time control, enabling corrective actions to be taken. In this manner, costs and unnecessary handling of materials are reduced. In addition, up-to-date information regarding materials flow is available and different statistical analyses are enabled: materials acquired from a specific supplier; materials used for a specific activity; and materials used during a specific month, etc. The information generated by the model enables the updating of a historical database to be used for planning of future projects.


White stumpnose Rhabdosargus globiceps is the main target of the linefishery in Saldanha Bay. Increased fishing pressure over the last three decades, particularly by the recreational sector, has led to concerns regarding sustainability of the local white stumpnose stock. The fishery was exceptionally productive between 2006 and 2008, with an estimated annual catch of 141.2 tonnes (t). Only 3% of boat outings surveyed were commercial boats targeting white stumpnose, yet this sector accounted for 39.3 t (31%) of the average annual catch. The recreational boat sector accounted for most of the catch (70.0 t), and the recreational shore sector the least (31.9 t). Commercial boat catch per unit effort (CPUE; 3.7 fish angler–1 h–1) was more than 10 times that of recreational boats (0.3 fish angler–1 h–1). White stumpnose catch length-frequency differed significantly (p < 0.01) between the fishing sectors, with the commercial sector retaining larger fish (34.7 cm [SD 5.9]) than the recreational boat (33.9 cm [SD 5.9]) and shore (30.4 cm [SD 5.8]) sectors. A decline in commercial CPUE (2000–2015) of approximately 40% and a concomitant severe decline (>95%) in survey data for juvenile white stumpnose CPUE (2007–2016) indicate that the current rate of exploitation is not sustainable. Recovery of the white stumpnose stock will require a decrease in fishing mortality. Possible management regulations include sector-specific effort limitations, extending the 'no take' marine protected area, reducing the recreational-sector bag limit to 5 fish person–1 day–1, implementing a commercial-sector bag limit, and increasing the minimum size limit to 30 cm TL.


(57) Abstract: Solid / A centrifuge for continuous separation and internal cleaning of the separated solids of the liquid mixture (10), the cleaning liquid is supplied to the solid deposited is centrifuged and these solid 1 or more conduits for suspending in washing liquid (35) is provided with. Each of the tip of the cleaning conduit, the inner surface near the centrifuge bowl in contact with the solid upon separation and the separated solid conveyor blades adapted to advance toward the solid discharge hole (26) (12) (34 It is positioned in proximity to). The present invention includes a centrifuge device in which a plurality of cutting tools are provided, such as a blade edge portion which is adapted to cut and separate the deposited solid (62). In another aspect of the present invention, the centrifugal separator, one or more dip weir (42) for dividing the liquid reservoir of the centrifuged the bowl in the area adjacent in the axial direction is provided cage, areas adjacent to each other along this axis line direction, suitable passage for conveying the liquid and solid between the regions adjacent to each other are provided. In another aspect of the present invention, at least a portion of the front surface of the conveyor blades (23), which arcuate surface portion adjacent the front end edge of the recess defined within the front face (27) is provided, the arcuate surface portion is deposited solid contact with and the deposited solid was been shaped to rolling in the washing solution. The present invention provides a reduction improved cleaning liquid required to achieve the desired purity of improved separation and / or recovered solid products of the mother liquor from the discharged solids.


The radial basis function-generated finite difference (RBF-FD) method is a method for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) that is very well suited for parallel computation.


The profession of physical education must refocus on the centrality of the study of human movement. Physical educators have too long diluted the basic field rather than emphasize the common mission of understanding human movement and the contribution it makes to human physical and mental health. Ten principles are set fourth to aid in, "Reclaiming and Transforming Physical Education": (a) Emphasize the uniqueness of human movement; (b) put first things first in establishing a common core of knowledge for all professionals; (c) appreciate the "web of connectedness"; (d) enhance communication between and among professionals; (e) take control and responsibility for ethical action, (f) act on principles; (g) appreciate diversity; (h) uphold standards of fairness; (i) facilitate the collective production of practical and theoretical knowledge; and (j) transform physical education by anticipating and creating change.


Through the harmonic waves test and data analysis of 110 kV/35 kV Positive and vice-generatrix,110 kv first and second generatrixs,main transformers and offtracks in these substations,the measurement and computation methods are presented.Some practical experiences and data analyzing abilities are gained and some problems in the harmonic waves test are also solved.


Interest in sustainable ecological protected area planning is increasing because of land uses conflicts and environmental pressure caused by rapid urban expansion in China. The optimal planning becomes a multi-objective non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP)-hard problem when searching for a quantitative solution and subjecting to spatial constraint. In this paper, a swarm intelligence algorithm, artificial bee colony (ABC), is introduced to solve the problem together with techniques of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information science (GIS). The optimal objective is to maximize both the ecological suitability and spatial compactness of selected protection area. Significant improvements have been made to extend the ABC algorithm applicable for ecological protected area planning in discrete domain. Then, the procedure of integrating RS, GIS, and ABC to solve the multi-objective spatial optimization problem is formed. And the approach is successfully applied to sustainable ecological protected area planning in Sanya region (a coastal tourist city in China). Effective outcomes have been obtained, which provides strong and firm support for decisions making.


Between 1979 and 1998, radiotherapy with a Strontium (Sr)-90 plaque after pterygium excision was administered in 36 patients (40 eyes). All lesions were nasal (rt. eyes 21, lt. eyes 19). Thirty-eight were primary pterygia and 2 were recurrent ones. The study included 18 males and 18 females, 43 to 80 years of age (median: 64). The interval between pterygium excision and postoperative radiotherapy was less than 24 hours in 17 cases, 2 days in 1, 4 days in 3, 9 days in 5 and 10 days and more in 14. Although total radiation dose in all patients was 40 Gy in the Sr-90 plaque surface, the daily dose fraction was 8 Gy in 20 cases until 1985 and 10 Gy in 20 cases after 1985. All courses of radiotherapy were delivered using once-daily fractionation, 1 day per week. The median follow-up period was 43 months (range, 12-180 months). Of 40 lesions, 5 recurred. Of the 5 recurrent cases, 4 recurred within 5 months after treatment. The remaining 1 case recurred in 30 months. The local control rate at 2 years was 90% in all cases. No significant difference in local control rates was seen for the subgroups classified by age, gender, primary or recurrent, interval between pterygium excision and radiotherapy or treatment time. No patients had severe radiation-induced complications. Postoperative radiotherapy with a Sr-90 plaque was safe and effective in preventing local recurrence after pterygium excision.


Moving object images in video sequence are obtained by subtracting the background images with the current frame images, background extraction is an important process. Firstly, in this paper, the background and moving objects are extracted by using the improved Gaussian mixture background modeling. Then, the previous moving object and moving object of frame difference are effectively integrated into a moving foreground object we are interested in. Finally, we extract the background region under the moving foreground object. Due to the influence of illumination, the foreground objects contain moving shadows, which affect the performance of moving object detection. This paper proposes a simple and effective method which uses the difference of texture feature and color information in gray foreground image and gray background image to remove the shadow of the foreground object, and then detect the real foreground object.


Data Mining plays a vital role in information management technology.  It is a computational process of finding patterns from large databases. It mainly focuses on extracting knowledge from the given or the available data. Different knowledge extracting tools are used.    This weapon is most common among every sector be it educational, organizational etc. Educational Sector can take advantage out of these tools in order to increase the quality of education. But the sad part is still in present educational systems are not using it. Higher education Institutions needs to know which student will enrol in which course, which student needs more assistance. In data mining users are facing the problem when database consists of large number of features and instances. These kinds of problem could not be handled using decision trees  alone or clustering technique alone. Because, decision trees  depend upon the dataset used and the configuration of the trees. Similarly, clustering alone doesn't work for all kind of patterns. Therefore, in this research paper we are building a system using both the techniques individually and compare which technique is more accurate and precise accordingly


Earthquake is one of the deadly natural disasters which creates a lot of destruction in a very short time. An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip on a fault. The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earth's crust and cause the shaking that we feel. Every year we face many damages due to earthquakes. It is not possible to get an early warning because earthquakes occur suddenly and in a very short time. The sudden movement of the tectonic plates is the main reason of an earthquake among the other reasons. Plates surface move because of the intense heat in the earth's core that causes molten rock in the mantle layer to move. It moves in a pattern called a convection cell that forms when warm material rises, cools and eventually sink down. As the cooled material sinks down, it is warmed and rise again. There are three kinds of plate tectonic boundaries: divergent, convergent and transform. But the combined effects of the gravitational forces of the moon, the sun and the other planets on earth which is very deeply responsible for the movement of the tectonic plates. When the earth, the moon, the sun and other planets come closer, the among them increase. For this reason, the plate which is heavier than the other plates, the gravitational forces are more effective on that plate. Sometimes the big earthquakes do not occur despite the other planets coming close to Earth. The main reason for this could be the firm position of the tectonic plates. But most of the time the earthquakes occur. Abstract: Earthquake is a terrible natural disaster that can cause great damage in a very short time. One of the main reasons for the earthquake is due to various types of transfer or deviation of tectonic plates known as plate tectonic theory. According to the plate tectonic theory, earthquake occurs due to accidental movement of tectonic plates or moving up or down. There are many reasons for the movement of these tectonic plates. But the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the moon, the sun and the other planets on the tectonic plates on earth's surface are one of the reasons for the movement of these tectonic plates which has never been discussed yet. Here In this article I will prove this with the help of some evidence. Surrounding the sun when the distance between Earth and other planets decrease or the planets come close to Earth, the gravitational forces between Earth and the other planets increase. As a result, the speed of the tectonic plates increase than usual and most of the major earthquakes occur at this time. When the planets move away from the Earth, the gravitational forces between Earth and the other planets decrease. At this time the minor earthquakes occur. We know, low tides and high tides occur due to the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the moon and the sun on earth. Similarly, earthquakes are caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces of the sun, the moon, and the other planets on Earth. It is the main basis of this study. Here in this article, firstly I will discuss how the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the moon, the sun and the other planets occur earthquakes. In this case the masses, the positions, the movement of the tectonic plates and frictions among the tectonic plates will be discussed. Secondly, by observing the positions of the planets, the sun and the moon at the time of some major earthquakes in the last 100 years and all the earthquakes in 2018, I will prove that when the other planets come close to Earth or stay one by one on the same side of the Earth or the Earth stays in between the other planets, the major earthquakes occur and other time the minor earthquakes occur.


Pascal Calarco, Systems Librarian and Head, Library Systems, University of Notre Dame; Mark Dehmlow, Electronic Services Librarian, University of Notre Dame.

Loading Vendor-provided MARC records for electronic books and other entities into ALEPH is a complex task, with a new adventure to every record set. We will present on the work of our team of cataloging staff, ALEPH and electronic resources systems staff and librarians, who have developed policies, workflows, data standards, and automated tools to make the process a little less daunting. Intended audience is anyone interested in MARC record manipulation and loading for an ILS. Outcomes: you will learn the issues and processes with loading vendor MARC record sets into ALEPH.


Human adenovirus is a linear, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that can cause opportunistic infections. Typically, adenovirus infections result in self-limiting respiratory, gastrointestinal or ocular infections. However, it can cause severe disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients, especially in post-transplant recipients. In kidney transplant recipients, adenovirus infections have an incidence of up to 4.1%, usually manifested as hemorrhagic cystitis and tubulointerstitial nephritis, in the first three months post-transplant. Renal biopsy shows necrotizing granulomatous interstitial nephritis and other features consistent with the viral infection. Investigations like immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) help in confirmation of the diagnosis. Resolution of the disease with the reduction in immunotherapy alone supports the role of immunosuppression as a risk factor for adenovirus infection.


ABSTRACT This article investigates an undocumented migrants' protest that took place in Italy in 2010–2011 and examines the relational dynamics within the movement behind this mobilization. Although there is growing literature exploring different aspects of migrant activism and border struggles, the binomial migrant and politics has mostly been interpreted in terms of migrants as the objects of politics rather than the subjects. During the nine-month protest a similar argument was used by authorities who recurrently stated that the migrants were remotely controlled and manipulated by their Italian advocates. Without underestimating differences in social and cultural capital and power relations within the movement, this article seeks to challenge this approach and problematize the relationship between the actors who organized and participated in the protest. Drawing on 27 in-depth interviews with documented and undocumented migrants and migrant rights activists, the article aims to show how relational dynamics go beyond the subordination–domination dichotomy.


We propose a 3D display system which can present real scenes with realistic motion parallax. In the sensing part, a scene is observed by using a camera matrix. An excellent stereo algorithm SEA recovers the depth information of the scene with the density and the sharpness required for high quality image generation. In the display part, 2D images from the viewing position of the observer are generated and presented with proper motion parallax. A novel algorithm to determine the view parameters suitable for reproducing the motion parallax on a fixed screen and an image generation algorithm which can cope with arbitrary viewing positions are described. Evaluation of the proposed algorithms has been done by using the prototype system.


This paper takes a closer look at speeches as ethopoeiae in the ancient novel and their core function in the narrative plot: does a discourse delivered by a certain character define its personality and does it have any impact on the action? Two moral speeches in Petronius' Satyrica are particularly suited for this inquiry: the controversy on the utility of the declamation opening the novel and the discussion on decadence of arts and sciences in the picture gallery. The analysis reveals that the vices deplored by the characters of the Satyrica in appropriate and approved discourses are the very same in which they indulge in their actions: the act neither follows nor precedes the verb. Danielle van Mal-Maeder is Professor of Latin Language and Literature at the University of Lausanne. Her main research subjects are the novel and rhetoric, as well as history and reception of classical works. Among other publications, she is the author of a commentary on book 2 of Apuleius' Metamorphoses in the series GCA (Groningen 2001) and of La fiction des declamations (Leiden/Boston 2007). She is preparing a commentary on the fifth Major Declamation of Pseudo-Quintilian and a new French translation of the Metamorphoses of Apuleius for a volume on the Ancient Novel (Belles Lettres).


Many philosophers of feminism believe that Genevieve Lloyd, in her book The Man of Reas~n,~ struck a significant blow against traditional analytic epistem~logy.~ Supposedly, she did this by showing that the concepts of reason and rationality have, in the historical hands of Western philosophy, become genderized-in particular, masculinized. In this paper, I will not comment on whether other areas of philosophy are guilty of that charge; my present aim is simply to defend epistemology in particular against it.4 I will argue, first of all, that Lloyd's discussion in particular-whatever its other merits might beposes no fundamental threat to epistemology:' Although her reasoning is historicist, it fails to establish the historical links it needs to establish; indeed, it unwittingly provides some confirmation of epistemology's enduring importance. But I will also argue, more fundamentally and more generally, that no feminist argument for Lloyd's kind of conclusion could pose any real threat to epistemology: The sort of genderization which Lloyd and others believe that she has uncovered would be most clearly explicable as being a failing as such, only via some standard elements of epistemology-which is to say that whatever shortcomings, if any, such feminist discussions could ever uncover can easily be absorbed within the scope of standard epistemological explanation. Epistemology's own metaphilosophical potential will thus be seen to confirm its own continuing significance, even in the face of feminist-historicist arguments like Lloyd's. I How influential has Lloyd's book been? Among those philosophers who regard what they call feminist epistemology as being important, the answer seems to be "Very influential indeed." Here are some representative remarks in support of that answer.


April 10-15, 2016 Abstract Icing induced power losses is an important issue when operating wind turbines in cold climate. This paper presents a concept of modelling ice accretion on wind turbines using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The modelling concept works towards unifying the processes of modelling ice accretion and the aerodynamic analysis of the iced object into one CFD-based icing model. Modelling of icing and obtaining ice shapes in combination with mesh update by surface boundary displacement was demonstrated in the paper. It has been done by expressing in-cloud icing in CFD by an Eulerian multiphase model, implementing an icing module into the CFD solution and finally by surface boundary displacement also included in the CFD solution. The model has been developed using ANSYS-FLUENT and user-defined functions. The naca profile, NACA64618, has been used to illustrate the functionality of the model. Running ice accretion for different meteorological boundary conditions has illustrated the capabilities of the model and the generated ice shapes showed agreement with the literature.


Background and Objectives: Adrenal metastases from lung cancer usually indicate systemic disease and incurability. However, a small subset of patients with isolated adrenal metastases may achieve long‐term survival with aggressive surgical resection of the adrenal gland. To clarify the role of adrenalectomy for metastatic lung cancer, we undertook a review of the published literature on this topic.


Modern atom probe tomography is based on time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometry. In this method, the detector precisely measures the time difference between when an ion evaporates and the time it strikes a detector located a known distance away. Combining this ToF measurement with knowledge of the detector geometry and the electric fields applied to the sample the mass-to-charge ratio ( m/z) of the ion can be determined accurately. Ideally for any such measurement scheme there is a well-defined trigger pulse (voltage or light) that causes field ion evaporation, and evaporation does not occur in the absence of a trigger pulse. Realistically however, this is not the case -- field evaporation occurs in the absence of the trigger pulse and contributes to the background signal. For the case of ion evaporation events that are truly random (i.e. uncorrelated with respect to the trigger pulse and the other ions), there is no current method to extract accurate m/z information and if these ions originated from the sample then information is permanently lost. For a `singles' event where only one ion strikes the detector following a trigger pulse there are two pathways shown in Figure 1a. The pathway denoted `i' shows the ideal behavior -- a single ion leaves the sample coincident with the trigger pulse and thus the recorded time duration between trigger and detection is the actual ToF for the ion. In contrast, the pathway denoted `ii' shows the background signal -- here a single ion leaves the tip uncorrelated with the trigger pulse and so the recorded ToF differs from the actual ToF and renders the ion's measured m/z incorrect. Because signal is lost in pathway `ii' events, experimental conditions are chosen to minimize this behavior (e.g. increasing the pulse fraction, reducing the temperature, minimizing the standing DC field).


Experiments were conducted in the growth chamber and greenhouse to determine the influence of humidity, temperature, simulated rainfall, and oil additives with bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4) 3H-one 2,2-dioxide] upon redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) control. Generally, bentazon gave increased redroot pigweed control with high rather than low humidity. However, the increased weed control with high humidity was greater at 10 C than at 20 or 30 C. A simulated rainfall within 24 hr after bentazon application reduced redroot pigweed control. A simulated rainfall of 650 L/ha within 1.5 hr after bentazon application increased control of redroot pigweed, while more than 1300 L/ha simulated rainfall decreased redroot pigweed control. Emulsifiable linseed oil and petroleum oil additives to the spray reduced the detrimental effect of low humidity and simulated rainfall upon redroot pigweed control with bentazon. Emulsifiable linseed oil was more effective than petroleum oil in reducing the detrimental effect of low humidity and of simulated rainfall. However, emulsifiable linseed oil reduced the redroot pigweed control with bentazon with high humidity at 30 C compared to bentazon applied alone or with petroleum oil.


Significant concern exists regarding the risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCov-2) to health care workers during aerosol generating procedures.The risk of viral transmission to health care workers during tracheostomy insertion is unknown.


An innovative approach based on the finite element (FE) method was used to model paratrooper landings and to analyze related injuries. A biomechanical model of the paratrooper consisting of rigid ellipsoids and joints was generated using the GEBOD program. The model was used to predict responses of standup landings and the parachute landing fall (PLF) using LS-DYNA. The major conclusions of this study were: 1) An FE model with its geometric and material properties realistically represented was generated for paratrooper landings; 2) The model predicted results of standup landings in agreement with the test data reported in the literature; 3) The model correctly predicted the landing events of the PLF. Further modifications are being made to improve model predictions. As an example, not enough initial kinetic energy was absorbed by the paratrooper during the landing and rollover process; 4) Based on the parametric study of standup landings, the results showed that the vertical impact force decreases with an increase in foot angle to the ground, but increases with an increase in any of the following: a) landing speed, b) load carriage, c) terrain hardness, and d) terrain slope; and 5) In this preliminary study, the model predicted no injury to the paratrooper for standup landings with vertical velocity up to 6 m/s; the maximum landing velocity investigated in the present study.


In today's market conditions, one of the main purposes of baking is to manufacture high quality products that meet exclusive requirements of consumers. One way to control the baking properties of flour in order to produce output with the required levels of quality is the use of bread improvers. In this article the use of pumpkin flour as a functional basis (filler) for the development of complex bread improvers is explained. The effect of pumpkin flour on baking properties of wheat flour, yeast cells activity and the quality of bread has found out. It is shown that pumpkin flour in doses of 0.75-1.25% by weight of wheat flour strengthens the flour gluten, which to some extent due to the lipoxygenase activity of the studied additives increases the activity of baker's yeast fermentation and contributes to improving the quality characteristics of bread. On the base of pumpkin flour composition of baking improver is made, composed of ascorbic acid and nutrients for yeast (monocalcium phosphate, ammonium sulphate) that allows to correct the baking properties of wheat flour with medium and weak gluten and provides high quality of the finished products. Recommendations for the use of bread improver are given.


The paper presents the results of a wind tunnel investigation conducted at the NASA-Langley research center to determine thrust vectoring/induced lift characteristics of advanced exhaust nozzle concepts installed on a supersonic tactical airplane model. Specific test objectives include: (1) basic aerodynamics of a wing body configuration, (2) investigation of induced lift effects, (3) evaluation of static and forward speed performance, and (4) the effectiveness of a canard surface to trim thrust vectoring/induced lift forces and moments.


As summarized by Hamming's motto, "the purpose of computing is insight, not numbers." In the spirit of this dictum, we describe here recent algorithmic developments in the theory of quantum dynamics. Through the use of the somewhat unlikely combination of modern numerical simulations and a visualization device borrowed from 19th century optics, the present efforts suggest the existence of an important, underlying structure in the general problem. This structure, verified for a relatively simple class of model problems, provides broad guidelines for the Keywords: Monte Carlo, stationary phase, quantum dynamics.


In this study, Turkey and German state of North Rhine-Westphalia mathematics curriculum have been examined in the context of the algebra learning area. The learning outcomes have been investigated similarities and differences of the in terms of quantity and quality; classified in terms of knowledge and cognitive process dimensions of the revised Bloom's taxonomy. This study, in which the qualitative research approach was adopted, was carried out with the descriptive screening. Document analysis technique has been used in the data collection process. As a result of the analysis, it is determined that the learning outcomes are similar in terms of knowledge dimension; difference in terms of cognitive process dimension. While it is seen that the outcomes in the Turkey curriculum are in the analyze step as the highest cognitive level; Germany curriculum also includes outcomes for higher level skills such as evaluate and create. Moreover, it is seen that the outcomes are mainly included in the procedural knowledge and apply step for both curriculums. Although it is seen that the outcomes in the Turkey curriculum are quantitatively higher than the outcomes in the Germany curriculum, it has been determined that the outcomes in terms of content are of a nature to cover each other. When the implementation suggestions were examined, it was seen that they were included in both curriculums in a detailed and rich way. On the other hand, when the distribution of the themes used in comparative education studies in the literature according to the countries was investigated, it was determined that the studies mostly focused on the elements of the curriculum (aim/goal, content, educational situations and testing situations). In the process of making sense of basic mathematical concepts and acquisition of high-level cognitive skills, teaching environments and programs can be designed by considering real life problems and process-based teaching models. On the other hand, since technology is a part of life, the education process can be integrated with digital games and/or stories, and programs and learning outcomes can be prepared in a way that includes teaching materials with digital content. In addition, different types of representation can be used in the mathematics teaching process and activities can be designed.