The gastrointestinal tract forms the largest contact area with the environment and tightly regulated mechanisms are needed to maintain intestinal homoeostasis. The inner lining of the gastrointestinal tract— the monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs)—therefore is a key contributor to this delicate balance. Barrier disruption and epithelial leakage can provoke a virtuous circle, where an exaxerbated immune response against environmental factors and microbes can result in chronic inflammation. Already in the 1980s, transmission electron microscopy and freeze fracture electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural changes in the junctional complexes between IECs in biopsies from patients with IBD. Patients with IBD often present with epithelial leakage, moreover states of remission frequently present with sustained increased intestinal permeability. The importance of epithelial disruption in susceptibility to IBD development is further supported by the observation that multiple IBD susceptibility genes encode proteins involved in limiting the penetration of bacterial symbionts into the mucosal site and involved in promoting bacterial killing. 5 The intestinal epithelium stands out for being the most proliferative tissue in the vertebrate body that renews itself every few days through a physiological circuit of cell renewal, differentiation, proliferation and physiological cell shedding. All of these processes are central to maintaining barrier integrity and mucosal homoeostasis. On a subcellular level, the cytoskeleton is the central scaffold to epithelial integrity and stable cell–cell junctions are needed to control paracellular permeability. During inflammation, proinflammatory mediators engender cytoskeletal rearrangements resulting in a breakdown of epithelial integrity and increased permeability. Both small and large GTPases have been shown to be involved in cytoskeletal rearrangements in the context of chronic inflammation. 10 Previously, LópezPosadas et al were able to make decisive progress in understanding cellular and molecular events underlying cytoskeletal plasticity. Using conditional murine models, small GTPases were shown to especially impact on small intestinal integrity whereas the large intestinal epithelium turned out to be less affected. In Gut, Martínez-Sánchez et al have addressed the impact of the prenylation enzyme geranylgeranyltransferase1 (GGT1) and RAC1 on cell shedding alterations and barrier integrity in IBD. First, they took advantage of murine conditional GGTase and RAC1 knockout models (Pggt1b and Rac1) to study functional consequences of epithelial specific knockouts. Inhibition of prenylation within IECs (Pggt1b mice) resulted in increased intestinal permeability and barrier disruption over time accompanied by an inflammatory response in the small intestine. Intravital microscopy revealed impaired cell shedding dynamics finally resulting in cytoskeleton redistribution, cell overcrowding and altered actomyosin dynamics. Real time fluorescence deformability cytometry in GGTasedeficient IECs revealed alterations in cellular mechanics on a single cell level. Moreover, regulated protein expression on epithelial deletion of Pggt1b suggested potential changes of intercellular junctions and a redistribution of Apical Junction Complexes. To determine whether the observed intestinal phenotype was caspasemediated, MartínezSánchez et al applied elegant kinetics, ruling out apoptosis and also necroptosis and pyroptotic cell death as initial events but suggesting those as secondary mechanisms on cytoskeleton rearrangement. Also, altered proliferation as potential underlying mechanism was also only observed at late timepoints after induced Pggt1b deletion. To disentangle molecular mechanisms behind the observed phenotype, the authors concentrated on prenylation targets and identified RAC1 as a GGTase target critically involved in the observed phenotype. Strikingly, Rac1 mice phenocopied intestinal pathologies found on conditional GGTase deletion, again predominantly in the small intestine. A reductionist in vitro approach using small intestinal organoids from both Pggt1b and Rac1 mice enabled the identification of potential underlying mechanisms. Both GGTase and RAC1deficient organoids displayed decreased cell viability as indicator of epithelial disruption and showed cytoskeleton rearrangement and altered cell mechanics therefore recalling the in vivo phenotype. Precious hints derived from RNASeq analysis in RAC1deficient small intestinal organoids showing regulated expression of genes involved in response mechanisms to both bacterial and mechanical stimuli as well as immune responses. This study than nicely turns the attention towards a potential impact on clinical practice. Tissue samples from patients with IBD displayed signs of impaired epithelial integrity and moreover indications of arrested cell shedding as seen in murine models. To close the line of arguments and unravel the linkage between cytoskeleton rearrangement and epithelial leakage, the authors moved to human twodimensional organoids and cell lines. Treatment of Caco2 and HT29 cells with the RAC1 inhibitor NSC23766 or GGTI298 resulted in decreased transepithelial resistance and correlated with actin redistribution. Therefore, MartínezSánchez et al were able to confirm the link between RAC1dependent epithelial alterations and epithelial barrier function as observed in the inflamed gut, once more underlining its clinical relevance. RAC1 dysfunction in IBD tissue was further supported by elegant studies investigating the subcellular localisation along the cryptvillus axis. Given that RAC1 is a known activator of a protein complex known as the WAVE regulatory complex, the authors analysed WAVE proteins to investigate potential activations of RAC1downstream pathways. WAVE proteins are indispensably involved in the dynamics of actin filaments within a cell and therefore cellular integrity 13 and its expression and stability was reduced on Rac1 deletion. The authors observed decreased WAVE1 expression in IBD tissue and most interestingly a changed expression pattern along the cryptvillus axis, suggesting distinct niches of RAC1 dysfunction in IBD. Proteasome inhibition partly rescued disturbed cell shedding events in RAC1deficient small intestinal Medical Department (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany


Katayon Vakilian 1, Akram Ranjbar2, Masoomeh Davood Abadi3, Nafiseh Seyyed Zadeh Aghdam3

1- Assistant professo Arak university of Medical Sciences , email@example.com
2- Assistant professo Hamedan university of Medical Sciences
3- faculty member Arak university of Medical Sciences

Abstract:
Abstract Background: Studies show stress was caused by labour can increase oxygen demand and may be involved in oxidative stress. So this study compared indicators of oxidative stress in pregnancy with labor and correlation labor indices with newborn. Methods: In this cross – sectional study in 1386, 60 pregnant women at 38-40 weeks gestation were sampled and drowned 5 cc blood. All of the mothers for blood sample was taken written consent form. After interring pain less labor through of Entonox method 5 cc of venous blood taken at the second stage of labor and newborn cord. Then lipid peroxidation, thiols groups and total antioxidant capacity was assessed. Result: findings showed that the mean age was 24.0862 ± 4.08. Lipid peroxidation in pregnancy was 4.61 ± 2.712 and during labour was 4.606 ± 3.32, that the difference was not significant (p=0.994). Thiol index in pregnancy was 0.284 ± .3889 and during lbour 0.2656 ± .24371 that difference was not significant (p= 0.694). There wasn't any significant difference in FRAP levels in pregnancy 1.26 ± 1.015 and labour 1.370 ± 1.1126 too (p=0.56). Significant positive correlation between maternal and fetal index thiols (p=0.002) and lipid peroxidation was observed (p=0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that oxidative stress indicators in the labor does not differ with respect to pregnancy and can be used for this method of analgesia

Keywords: Entonox / Labor / Oxidative Stress / Pregnancy


In an electric power system, one of the most vital equipment is the insulator. In early times, porcelain insulators are commonly used in transmission as well as in distribution network. The proposal of this work is to make sure that safer and more protected distribution system, to decrease maintenance expenses of the insulation system and to enhance system efficiency. The aim of this paper was to study and assess the performance of RTV (Room temperature vulcanization) silicone materials used to reduce flashover in high voltage insulators that run in polluted environments. Electrical tracking is a development process of a conducting path across the material due to erosion under High Voltage application. The leakage current on the polluted surface resulted in the material deterioration. Electric field and voltage distribution for RTV silicone material under contamination condition have been done using finite element analysis. The simulation works using Finite Element software of ElecNet was applied to the tracking test condition of IEC 60587 standards. The results show that the electric field strength is high on the edges of pollutant track at a higher voltage level, and pollutant track has no effect on the voltage distribution along the surface. Experiments have been conducted for the RTV silicone material for the different voltage and contaminant flow as per the standards. From the results, it was observed that increase in voltage potential eventually increases the electric field distribution. The leakage current was measured across the shunt using the Pico scope. A protective circuit was made across the shunt. The leakage current pattern has been studied on the different applied voltage for the RTV silicone material. Room Temperature Vulcanization silicone material shows an evidence of good insulation to tracking and erosion test.


Large, subfossil populations of an unknown centric, planktonic diatom were observed in a lake sediment core from Lake Kinneret (Israel), which is here described as Cyclotella paleo-ocellata sp. nov. The new taxon, which belongs to the Cyclotella ocellata species complex, is described and separated from other similar taxa (e.g., Cyclotella ocellata, Cyclotella kuetzingiana, Cyclotella polymorpha, Cyclotella paraocellata) based on a combination of the following morphological characters: valve diameter, number of orbiculi depressi (circular depressions), number of striae/10 µm, stria length, number and position of rimoportulae and the number of central and marginal fultoportulae. Cyclotella paleo-ocellata can be distinguished mainly by two prominent characteristics: (1) the number and the arrangement of the orbiculi depressi (4-8) which increase with the valve diameter and (2) the marginal fultoportulae, situated on each, every second or third costa. Since Cyclotella paleo-ocellata is at present only known from the subfossil bottom sediments of Lake Kinneret, its ecological preferences are inferred simply from the associated diatom flora.


Formulas are developed for the rotatory strengths of vibrational transitions utilizing a fixed‐charge model. The formulas are applied to three molecular systems. Though the rotatory strengths of vibrational transitions are several orders of magnitude smaller than those for electronic transitions, the anisotropy factor of some bands are predicted to be comparable to electronic transitions. The latter is the important experimental quantity.


Research has been carried out with the title "Test of the Analgetic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Jackfruit Leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) On Acetic Acid-induced Mice (mus musculus). Analgesics or painkillers are drugs that reduce or eliminate taste without losing consciousness. One of the traditional plants commonly used empirically is jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.). This study aims to determine the analgetic effect of ethanol extract of jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophylus Lam.) At a dose of 100 mg / kgBB, 300 mg / kgBB and 600 mg / kgBW on acetic acid induced male mice (Mus musculus). This research is an experimental study and uses the chemical induction method. The results obtained in the form of% protection inhibition stretching ethanol extract of jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) At a dose of 100mg / kgBB (28.79%); 300mg / kgBB (53.31%); 600mg / kgBB (60.70%). From the results of the research that has been done it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) Has the highest analgesic effect at a dose of 600mg / kgBW having a percentage of protection of 66.70%.


OFDM is vulnerable to the carrier frequency offset (CFO). Presented a CFO tracking algorithm for constant modulus signaling based OFDM systems. Based on the reasonable assumption that the channel frequency response (CFR) has been estimated by training symbols and keeps constant during one frame,we prove that the CFO can be estimated through minimizing the power difference between received signal and the CFR. We analyze the identifiability problem and exploit the polynomial rooting method to simplify our algorithm. We derive the theoretical mean and mean square error (MSE) of the proposed method. Also,we analyze the effects of channel estimation error and show that the proposed algorithm is robust to this error. Simulation results show the performance improvement in terms of bit error rate (BER) to the existing methods.


We employ the conformal bootstrap to re-examine the problem of finding the critical behavior of four-fermion theory at its strong coupling fixed point. Existence of a solution of the bootstrap equations indicates self-consistency of the assumption that, in space-time dimensions less than four, the renormalization group flow of the coupling constant of a four-fermion interaction has a nontrivial fixed point which is generally out of the perturbative regime. We exploit the hypothesis of conformal invariance at this fixed point to reduce the set of the Schwinger-Dyson bootstrap equations for four-fermion theory to three equations which determine the scale dimension of the fermion field ψ, the scale dimension of the composite field ψψ and the critical value of the Yukawa coupling constant. We solve the equations assuming this critical value to be small. We show that this solution recovers the fixed point for the four-fermion interaction with N-component fermions in the limit of large N at (Euclidean) dimension d between two and four. We perform a detailed analysis of the 1/N-expansion in d = 3 and demonstrate full agreement with the conformal bootstrap. We argue that this is a useful starting point for more sophisticated computation of the critical indices.


Given the increasing importance of liquidity, the emphasis on improving the liquidity of markets supervisory authority, is justified and understandable. The main objective of the regulatory measures, market development and market reform, deep markets with high liquidity.Cash markets, investor confidence and market efficiency increases and thus increase the flexibility of the market to follow . This research seeks to answer is the question of whether the liquidity of the stock market return and the systematic risk of the investment companies in Tehran Stock Exchange has a relationship or not ?The population consists of all investment companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange is who are eligible.In this study, the statistical methods used to analyze the data, is a hybrid approach.The results imply that, with regard to standards, stock rotation, zero returns, adjusted for non-trading days, based on the workflow, as indicators of liquidity, a significant positive correlation between stock returns and the level of market liquidity exists.Also, with regard to standards, stock rotation, zero returns, adjusted for non-trading days based on the flow, as a measure of liquidity, it was a negative relationship between systematic risk and liquidity stated.


In a conventional surface treating technique using a suction cavitation current, flowing condition of fluid is not stabilized and suction cavitation currents flow in almost parallel along a surface to be treated when a wide chamber is used to place matter to be treated therein, therefore crushing impact of cavitation bubbles cannot sufficiently be acted on the surface to be treated. A fluid suction flow path (26) communicating with a fluid supply flow path (25) only via a restriction (27) is provided so as to encircle almost concentrically the fluid supply flow path (25) having at one end thereof the restriction (27) and working fluid (8) in the fluid suction flow path (26) is sucked with a sucking means (17) to thereby generate the suction cavitation flow (5) in a flow directly below therestriction (27) and allow the suction cavitation flow (5) to collide almost vertically against the surface to be treated (6a), whereby the surface to be treated (6a) is surface treated.


The paper deals with a new opening technology for subglacial reservoirs, which ensures environmentally friendly geological exploration. The technology is based on the results of the first openings of the subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica (February 2012 and January 2015). The primary goal of further studies of the subglacial Lake Vostok is to take clean samples of lake water and bottom sediments, which requires direct penetration into the lake. There is a number of conditions to be met in order to conduct further studies of the lake using a clean access well at the Vostok drilling complex. The article summarizes the main results including technological and engineering solutions protected by the patent of the Russian Federation. A detailed consideration is given to a new device for fusion drilling with simultaneous reaming of an ice hole. This device combines two technological processes: drilling due to contact melting, and an increase in the diameter of the well due to the creation of a vortex flow of a continuously heated coolant in the bottomhole zone. The thermal method of ice breaking ensures the ecological cleanliness when opening subglacial reservoirs and is a priority method that favorably differs from the existing ones. The device was named a "thermal drill reamer" (TDR). During the seasonal work of the 64th Russian Antarctic Expedition bench tests of the TDR 132/400 were carried out, the results of which confirmed that the device is capable to ensure 132 mm drilling with simultaneous reaming up to 400 mm.


Dry season water quality was evaluated in the Upper Chehalis River in western Washington state, focusing on low dissolved oxygen (DO), and using the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) process. In particular, the Centralia Reach is characterized by low velocities, high temperatures, thermal stratification, and low DO. Both point and nonpoint pollutant sources, as well as natural conditions, contribute to poor water quality conditions. The study used field surveys and computer modeling to evaluate pollutant loading. Under critical conditions with existing sources at maximum levels, DO criteria were exceeded. Natural background DO levels (in the absence of human-caused sources) were also found to fall below criteria over much of the Upper Chehalls River. To remain within the pollutant loading capacity of the Upper Chehalis River, point sources near the Centralia Reach will have to restrict or eliminate their discharges during the dry season, and nonpoint sources must be reduced to background levels. Coordinated watershed management with the involvement of basin residents is necessary for successful implementation of the TMDL.


Coal-fired steam turbine thermal power plants produce a large part of electricity. These power plants usually have low efficiency and high carbon dioxide emission. An application of combined cycle power plants with coal gasification equipped with carbon capture and storage systems may increase the efficiency and decrease the harmful emission. This paper describes investigation of the oxidizer type in the integrated gasification combined cycle combustion chamber and its influence upon the energy and environmental performance. The integrated gasification combined cycle and oxy-fuel combustion technology allow the carbon dioxide capture and storage losses 58% smaller than the traditional air combustion one. The IGCC with air combustion without and with carbon dioxide capture and storage has 53.54 and 46.61% and with oxy-fuel combustion has 34.94 and 32.67% net efficiency. Together with this the CO2 emission drops down from 89.9 to 10.6 gm/kWh. The integrated coal gasification combined cycle with air oxidizer has the best net efficiency.


With the rise of AI deep learning, video surveillance based on deep neural networks can provide real-time detection and tracking of vehicles and pedestrians. We present a video analytic system for monitoring railway crossing and providing security protection for rail intersections. Our system can automatically determine the rail-crossing gate status via visual detection and analyze traffic by detecting and tracking passing vehicles, thus to oversee a set of rail-transportation related safety events. Assuming a fixed camera view, each gate RoI can be manually annotated once for each site during system setup, and then gate status can be automatically detected afterwards. Vehicles are detected using YOLOv4 and multi-target tracking is performed using DeepSORT. Safety-related events including trespassing are continuously monitored using rule-based triggering. Experimental evaluation is performed on a Youtube rail crossing dataset as well as a private dataset. On the private dataset of 76 total minutes from 38 videos, our system can successfully detect all 56 events out of 58 annotated events. On the public dataset of 14.21 hrs of videos, it detects 58 out of 62 events.


Environmental protection keeps on being one of the main concerns of our company, together with the economic efficiency and providing of high quality energy services. The general goal of the environmental policy consists in improving the environmental management system and mitigating the power units' negative impact in compliance with the regulations in force. The specific goal accommodates the general goal to substations and electric lines, having as short and medium term target the compliance with the European requirements.

As a result, more and more companies organise environmental studies and audits in order to evaluate their environmental performance. But such activities are not sufficient in themselves to provide the certainty that the performances comply to the regulation in force, and to the environment policy requirements. In order to become effective, these studies and audits have to be organised within a structured management, based on modern systems of global pollutants monitoring.

These activities correspond to the ever stricter regulation and to the development of the economic policies and similar measures liable to stimulate environmental protection and the interest of the implied parties on environmental issues, sustainable development included. International standards on environmental management aim at providing the interested parties the fundamental elements of an environmental management system, elements that are specific to other management requirements as well and are expected to facilitate the companies to reach their environmental and economic objectives. The success of these activities depends on the company commitment at each level and responsibility.


Several approaches for serological dingnosis of typhoid fever have revealed that S. typhi has few specific epitopes which locate in dffirent components of its cell, i.e. flagella protein ffiagellin), outer membrane protein, O-polysacchnride of LPS, capsular V polysaccharide. Many attempts have been made by vartous means to detect both specific antigen and antibody of S. typhi in sera and atxtigen in urine of typhoid patients. In comparison with conventional Widal test, these attempts show more advantages in both specificity and sensitivity. Our recent work withflagellin of S. typhi reveals that the specifi.c epitope of S. typhi which located within 126 amino acid in the mid portion of flagellin gives the promising result when used in ELISA detecting specific IgM in acute sera of typhoid patients. The stuày included hemoculture proven cases oftyphoidfever (92), nontyphoid salmonellbsis (31), other gram negative and positive bacteremia (34), 13 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever and 116 cases of healthy chidren and adults. The assay time is 8 hours. It provides 98.977o specificity, 83.70Vo sensitivity, 94.05Vo fficacy with positive and negative predictive value of 97.45Vo and 92.75Vo respectively. 54 Typhoid Fever and other Salmonellosis Serological approaches of Tlphoid fever The best method for diagnosis of typhoid fever is isolation of S. typhi from bone marrow, blood, stool/rectal swab, and urine. Bone marrow culture has been proven to be the most sensitive diagnostic test but may not be feasible in all clinically suspected cases.l Blood, stooVrectal swab and urine culture have been found to detect S. typhi in moderate number of patients with typhoid fever2. However, their usefulness is limited by many factors, for instances : stage of the disease, type of culture medium used, the length of the incubation period and previous antibiotic therapy. Thus, the chance to have false negative results are rather high. Recently, a PCR based test was developed for the detection of S. typhi genome in the blood of typhoid patients3. It is a favorably specific test when the unique DNA sequences of S. typhi are used as primers. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol Universiry, Bangkok 10700, Thailand Med J Indones


Japan underwent a nationwide self-restraint of human activities in spring 2020 to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 infection In order to evaluate the effect of suppressed human activities on temperature in the Tokyo Metropolitan area, a statistical analysis was made for temperature anomalies during the self-restraint period using hourly data on the AMeDAS network The temperature anomaly was defined by the departure from the value that would have been observed without self-restraint, estimated from regression analysis for temperatures at surrounding non-urban stations It was found that the temperature in central Tokyo (Kitanomaru Park) had a negative anomaly of −0 49°C with a 95% confidence range of ±0 19°C on the average over the strong self-restraint period from April to May The anomaly was larger in the nighttime than in the daytime, and was found in an area spreading for several tens of kilometers, with a decreasing magnitude according to the distance from Tokyo These facts indicate a possibility that the reduction of anthropogenic heat release during the self-restraint period resulted in substantial decrease of temperature in the Tokyo Metropolitan area


Four high school students have been selected to represent the U.S. at the 45th International Chemistry Olympiad in Moscow on July 15–24. The U.S. team consists of Saaket Agrawal of Mira Loma High School, in California; David Liang of Carmel High School, in Indiana; Runpeng Liu of Ladue Horton Watkins High School, in Missouri; and Stephen Ting of Monta Vista High School, in California. "It's humbling to be one of the top four, to be representing the U.S. internationally," Liu says. Two alternates were also chosen: Jessica Xu of Watchung Hills Regional High School, in New Jersey, and Stephen Tang of Solon High School, in Ohio. The team was selected at the conclusion of an intensive two-week U.S. National Chemistry Olympiad study camp organized by the American Chemical Society (which publishes C&EN) and held at the U.S. Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colo., on June 4–19. Twenty students—16 men ...


We aim at recovering the topology of an unknown electrical network made out of a tree of cables with the same characteristics from only the data obtained through reflectometry. The method is based upon an iterative algorithm associating the peaks of a reflectogram with unknown scatterers which can be either junction or terminal end of the network, dispelling the ambiguities caused by the complexity of the reflectogram. To identify the peaks, we propose an new algorithm adapted to our goal. The reconstructed networks are topologically identical to the originals ones in 99 per cent of all cases. Cables lengths and terminal loads are also retrieved with high accuracy, e.g. with typical error respectively less than 5% and less than 15%.


Justice, in the broadest sense of equality and fairness, is a cornerstone aspect of our abilities, as human beings, to lead individual lives in the way we choose according to what we see as the right or the good way to live.
A catalyst for any debate over a theory of justice, Immanuel Kant's work provides a fundamental basis from which we should begin to understand why society, with justice as a key aspect, is shaped in the way it is. His work has influenced many of the legal philosophers considered to provide seminal instantiations of justice. It is the work of these thinkers that carries great importance as a point of departure for reconceptualising an understanding of justice.
The current system of International law privileges State authorities as the dominant ideology whose objective standards of justice are permitted to represent the moral identities of each individual found on their territories. However, in a modern day world, transnational issues affecting justice must lead us to believe that such a nationalist view is no longer sufficient. Issues including increasingly prevalent cross-border crime, government and non- governmental regimes intent on systematically destroying the identities of individuals in favour of their own ideologies and the relative ease of ever- increasing migration meaning our understanding of the 'citizen' no longer carries such relevance, suggests there is a need to reconceptualise justice processes. Not only should we ensure that individuals have the right to lead autonomous lives in tolerance of individual identity, but in the face of severe destruction to the quality of individual lives, any imbalance deserves effective redress.
In respect of modern societal developments however, theory can only take us so far. Not to disregard the pertinence of justice-based theory, a balance must be struck between theoretical and empirical considerations to allow us to effectively respond to an ever-pressing need, not only to understand why justice needs to be reconceptualised, but most importantly, how to achieve it.


A new inverter control approach, called enhanced virtual synchronous machine (eVSM), is proposed based on the VSM concept. Unlike existing VSM approaches, the eVSM does not emulate the rotating inertia based on an assumption of the unlimited energy storage, but it deploys the physically existing inertia of the dc-link element. The eVSM adopts an innovative way of enlarging the inertia utilization range, which obviates the need for having a large dc-link element or a dedicated battery storage system, while still providing the same inertia response of an equivalent synchronous machine. Theoretical developments and numerical results presented in this paper confirm that the proposed eVSM can present a stabilizing support to the grid similar to a synchronous machine despite the small size of its dc-link element. Moreover, its transient responses can be improved beyond those of conventional synchronous machines thanks to the possibility of more flexibly adjusting damping and governor functions.


This research develops SIMPEL (Training Management Information System) Internal BRI using Agile Methods, especially the Extreme Programming (XP) Method, and the Brute force Algorithm as a tool. XP is used because it is known as a method that is fast and flexible in accommodating changing user needs. The Brute force algorithm is implemented to help users search for training or similar information. White Box Testing is carried out to test the algorithm and shows that the time needed to find a participant data value is 0.43 ms. The results of this study indicate that the use of Agile Methods and Brute force Algorithms can increase efficiency and flexibility in software development.


Reducing CO2 emissions from the shipping sector represent a challenge for the international community. The European Union has given a step forward with the adoption of Regulation 2015/757 establishing the obligation to all ships calling for an EU port to surrender detailed information regarding the CO2 emissions for the entire voyage. Such an obligation may raise issues of jurisdictional overreach of European Law when ships come from beyond a member State's EEZ, and will overlap with the IMO regulatory task pursuant the Kyoto Protocol Art. 2.2 mandate. The aim of this essay is firstly to assess the current policy options to address the shipping emissions conundrum, review the existing regulatory framework at the international and community level and see how international actors interact with each other in the policymaking process. Secondly, Regulation 2015/757 and its application problems will be assessed, especially the jurisdictional concerns, to conclude that the active legislative role of the EU is desirable towards encouraging the IMO to reach a global agreement on CO2 decisive reduction.


Predictive accuracy has been used as the main and often only evaluation criterion for the predictive performance of classification learning algorithms. In recent years, the area under the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) curve, or simply AUC, has been proposed as an alternative single-number measure for evaluating learning algorithms. In this paper, we prove that AUC is a better measure than accuracy. More specifically, we present rigourous definitions on consistency and discriminancy in comparing two evaluation measures for learning algorithms. We then present empirical evaluations and a formal proof to establish that AUC is indeed statistically consistent and more discriminating than accuracy. Our result is quite significant since we formally prove that, for the first time, AUC is a better measure than accuracy in the evaluation of learning algorithms.


> > _ This paper reviews the progress being made towards harmonising and regulating hostel standards in Europe, employing the UK and Poland as illustrative case studies. It argues that a ' levelling up ' harmonisation of ' actual ' hostel standards appears to be taking place within the UK and Poland, as evidenced by general reductions in the scale of hostels, increases in the level of support they provide, and some attention being paid to user rights and involvement. There are also established ' normative ' physical and management standards for hostels in both countries, which are enforced to a greater or lesser extent via legal, administrative and financial mechanisms, albeit that with respect to Poland the emphasis to date has mainly been on self-regulation (a situation that is likely to change in the near future). However, as things stand, it is difficult to envisage a rapid levelling up harmonisation in actual or normative hostel standards between the UK and Poland (or indeed across western and central Europe in general), because of the gap that currently exists with regards to physical conditions in particular. On the other hand, it should be possible to develop transparent EU-wide ' benchmarks ' to allow for consistent comparison in hostel standards within and between countries. The paper contends that such harmonised benchmarks require to be outcome-focussed, and to be fully informed by the perspective of service users.


This paper proposes the basic ideas of a proven dynamic collision avoidance approach for multirobot manipulator systems. The flexible use of multirobot systems requires new methodologies to ensure safe and collision-free movement of the controlled robots. The new method CARE (collision avoidance in real-time environments) that is presented in this paper is such a new safety methodology. Comparing this to existing approaches to collision avoidance, this new methodology has substantial advantages: (1) CARE makes sure, that the robots can generate the calculated evasive acceleration and avoid the collision at any time, (2) CARE is based on an intuitive, physically comprehensible and dynamic model of the collision process, which raises the confidence and the acceptance of such a safety system significantly, (3) CARE takes care of all potential collision dangers at the same time and, (4) CARE is model based so that it can be adapted to new robot kinematics or new robot work-cells only by modeling the new environment. All collision avoidance experiments with ERA have been carried out very successfully, whereby CARE has taken full control over the space robot.


This study examines the association between auditors' litigation risk and audit firm attributes. Using professional liability insurance premiums as a proxy for auditors' litigation risk, we present evidence that the risk is lower in audit firms having: (1) separate non‐audit and audit divisions; (2) a higher proportion of partners; and (3) a higher annual growth in number of CPAs employed. Additionally, we find that the risk is higher in audit firms having: (1) operating losses; and (2) high revenue growth. Our results are consistent with the idea that audit firms' financial condition and organizational structure affect their independence/ expertise, and, in turn, their litigation risk. Our results are broadly supportive of the PCAOB's (2015) and US Department of Treasury's (2008) views that investors, audit committees, management, and other regulators could benefit from having access to financial and organizational information about audit firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


This paper takes the position that trade deficits are irrelevant from a policy perspective and that any attempt to reduce them is counterproductive and violative of individual rights. Hardly a day goes by that the media do not mention some international trade problem such as the trade deficit. The general tenor of the story is usually that trade deficits are bad for the U.S. national economy, with the implied or express conclusion that something should be done to reduce them. The choice of terms used to describe trade -- voluntary exchange -- makes it sound like trading with foreigners results in disaster: we are being "invaded" with foreign goods; foreign goods are "flooding" the market; foreigners are "dumping" their products. Senator Donald Reigle has been quoted as saying: "The continuing Japanese attack on our basic industries is another Pearl Harbor. The time has come to close America's door to the flood of Japanese imported products."(Ekelund and Tollison, 875)


The basic structure of the clamping mechanism of two-plate injection molding machine was introduced.The mathematical model of mechanical parameters of clamping force was established and it′s characteristics was analyzed too.The limit value′s ranges of the mechanical parameters of clamping force were determined.Because the mode locking hydraulic cylinder of clamping mechanism,on the one hand,it was limited by the overall size of the injection molding machine,on the other hand,it should provide enough clamping force,the basic form of increased hydraulic loop was given which was easy to realize the lightweight of the plastic injection molding machine.


ABSTRACT The passage in the USA of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has mandated the private sector to provide a sweeping variety of accommodations to individuals with disabilities. Objections to ADA focused on costs in an era of scarcity. These assumptions have been presented with insufficient information about the actual needs of individuals with disabilities. This study is a needs assessment of employees with disabilities at a major university setting. In-depth interviews were conducted with a small number of individuals who described their work situations and accommodations. Findings challenge prevailing assumptions. Costs are often not large, many accommodations are simple, and much depends on the match between a person's disability and job duties. Additionally, informational needs, psychological concerns and the existing social climate provide a more balanced picture of the lives of these employees.


Signal margin oriented SIPI analytical synthesis methodology is developed for PI design with concurrence of SI design based upon PDA for LPDDR interfaces. The SIPI analytical synthesis results are well correlated with empirical Spice simulation results with circuit netlist for current and voltage waveforms, and also with lab measurements for singling margins on a particular platform with LPDDR3. Consequently, global cost competitive PDNs and optimal SI channel are achievable simultaneously with SIPI synthesis methodology for all LPDDR technologies with increasing data rate.


Mandipropamid is a new mandelamide-type fungicide to control foliar Oomycete pathogens in some vegetables. An analytical method was developed to determine mandipropamid residues in agricultural commodities using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Mandipropamid was extracted with methanol from grape, tomato, green pepper, Chinese cabbage and potato samples. The extract was diluted with saturated sodium chloride solution and distilled water, and dichloromethane partition was followed to recover the mandipropamid from the aqueous phase. Florisil column chromatography was employed to further remove interfering co-extractives prior to HPLC analysis. Reverse-phased HPLC was successfully applied to determine mandipropamid in sample extracts with the detection at its (223 nm). Overall recoveries of mandipropamid from fortified samples averaged (n=6), (n=6), (n=6), (n=6) and (n=6) for grape, tomato, green pepper, Chinese cabbage and potato, respectively. Limit of quantification of the method was 0.02~0.04 mg/kg for all samples. A LC/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring was also provided to confirm the suspected residue. The proposed method was reproducible and sensitive enough to determine the terminal residue of mandipropamid in agricultural commodities.


´This paper takes a fresh look at the Geometric Conservation Law (GCL) from the perspective of Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) finite element methods for solving 3-D incompressible viscous flows problems on deforming domain. GCL compliance is traditionally interpreted as a consistency criterion for applying an unsteady flow solution algorithm to simulate exactly a uniform flow on a deforming domain. We introduce an additional requirement: the time integrator must maintain its fixed mesh accuracy when applied to deforming meshes. We show how a fixed mesh unsteady FEM using high order time integrator (up to fifth order in time) can be transposed to solve problems on deforming meshes and preserve its fixed mesh high order temporal accuracy. An appropriate construction of the divergence of the mesh velocity guarantees GCL compliance while a separate construction of the mesh velocity itself allows the time-integrator to deliver its fixed mesh high order temporal accuracy on deforming domains. Analytical error analysis of problems with closed form solutions provides insight on the behavior of the time integrators. We present thorough time-step and grid refinement studies for simple problems with closed form solutions and for a manufactured solution with a non-trivial flow on a deforming mesh. In all cases studied, the proposed reconstructions of the mesh velocity and its divergence lead to optimal time accuracy on deforming grids.


Abstract The agricultural sector and growing food production needs rely on chemical fertilizers. This initially had positive effects on production, but over the last decade, the negative impacts of overuse have resulted in low crop productivity, increased pest and disease infestation, soil degradation, and consequent adverse effects on environmental parameters. As one of the possibilities in organic farming, we found vermicomposting as the most sustainable practice. For the assembly of vermicomposting, mature cattle manure was utilized in three different combinations with organic material and earthworm inoculations (the household waste, the grass clippings, and mixture). The experiment was set up by random block design in three replications. Analyses of qualitative parameters of the final product showed a pH reaction from neutral to slightly alkaline. The nitrogen compound varied between 2.7% and 2.9% and the organic carbon varied between 45.59% and 47.41%, showing a C/N ratio of 16.7‒16.67. The potassium content varied between 1.1% and 1.2% K2O, and the phosphorus content varied from 0.3% to 0.5%. The experiment gave quite good results of vermicomposting of household waste with manure, showing a neutral pH reaction, optimal content of ash and carbon with almost similar and good NPK contents and increased C/N ratio of 16.7, and with satisfying levels of trace elements and the heavy metal content under the limits. This combination of household waste and manure also showed best characterization of humic and fulvic acids in vermicompost, ranging from 1505 to 1778 cm−1 and from 729 to 998 cm−1, respectively. These results indicate that vermicomposting can increase the quality of the final product.


A multiresolution approach for image reconstruction from the magnitude of its Fourier transform has been developed and implemented by employing the concept of pyramid sampling. In this approach several iterations of the error reduction algorithm are preformed at each level of the pyramid using a coarse-to-fine strategy, resulting in improved convergence and reduced computational cost.


Monocytes M and macrophages Mϕ cells are mononuclear essential components of the innate immune system response. M and Mϕ are mononuclear phagocytes that have crucial roles in tissue homeostasis and innate immunity. M Are key players during inflammation and pathogen challenge also are precursor of Mϕ, whereas tissue resident Mϕ has important functions in development, tissue homeostasis and the resolution of inflammation. In previous work, linear optimal control equations with tracking in x2(t) (this is Mϕ) and control only in x1(t), (this is M) were applied obtaining good results. In this work, Linear Optimal Control equations for states x1(t) and x2(t), with tracking in the state x2(t) were applied. It is possible to obtain better convergence results of the states to the asymptotic values (healthy state) when the production rate of (M) and λ into the state equations was modified. Tables and graphics are included.


A Portable, Low-Cost, High-Performance Digital Multimeter for the HP-IL, by Jack P. Trautman and Lawrence A. DesJardin New design and manufacturing approaches reduce this DMM's cost/performance ratio and allow it to be calibrated electronically. Low-Cost and Portability Come to Data Acquisition/Control Products, by James J. Ress-meyer You flow take this inexpensive, battery-powered instrument into the field to monitor flow rates, whatever. velocities, bridge stresses, soil temperatures, or whatever. Data HP-85 and Control Software for the 3421 A Using the HP-85 Computer, by David F. Leonard This system provides easy-to-use data logging capability at low cost. Low-Cost Instrument Control: A New ROM for the HP-41 Handheld Computers, by David L a Now HP-41 users can control instruments to measure and analyze a variety of physical parameters on the bench or in the field. Electronic Mail for the Interactive Office, by Ian J. Fuller This system lets you exchange messages by computer within your organization, even if you're not a programmer. Integrated Tools Improve Programmer Productivity, by Anil K. Shenoy and Carolyn M. Bircher if 3000 programmers can now access several program development tools as if they were a single subsystem. In this Issue: «.«.LETT two-wire .ou,â " ¢^ Last month's issue featured the Hewlett-Packard Interface Loop, HP's new two-wire serial interconnection system for low-cost battery-powered devices. In this month's issue you'll find articles on the first two HP instruments designed to operate on the HP-IL. Model 3468A, the subject of the article on page 3, is a digital multimeter, a basic instrument that measures voltage, is and electrical resistance. Besides its HP-IL connection, the 3468A is interest ing for and production process. The subassemblies that go into it aren't tested and adjusted individually before they're put together. Naturally, this lowers the production cost quite a lot, but by foolhardiness. manufacturing wisdom it's risky to the point of foolhardiness. To make the risk the new approaches were taken in both the design and the manufacturing processes. Currently more than 80% of the 3468As pass the acceptance tests when they're first turned on at the end of the production line. The long-term goal is 96%. The other cover HP-IL instrument is the 3421 A Data Acquisition/ Control Unit, pictured on this month's cover and described in the article on page 1 0. With the 3421 A and an HP-41 Handheld Computer, you can have a portable system that will scan up to 30 …


Patterns of population fluctuation, reproductive activity and age structure were studied in populations of the marsupial Micoureus demerarae occupying two small (7.0 and 8.8 ha) fragments of Atlantic Coastal Forest in southeastern Brazil, from 1995 to 1998. Males, but not females, were observed to move between populations. Estimated sizes of the populations in each fragment were very small, usually below 20 individuals. Breeding usually occurred from September to April. Population peaks came mostly by the end of this season, the delay reflecting the time required for the young to become trappable. In August 1997, the area was hit by a fire severely affecting the smaller fragment. Populations were synchronous before the fire, although they became asynchronous after it, possibly in the short term only. Small population sizes, synchrony and presumable male-biased migration are all likely to make the set of populations more vulnerable to extinction than expected for a metapopulation.


Bedfordia arborescens Hochr. is a tree listed under the Tasmanian Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 and is known in Tasmania only from an outlying population in cloud forest on Mt Munro, Cape Barren Island in the Furneaux Group. While the species is a common component of some rainforest and mixed forest in southeast mainland Australia, the outlying population on Cape Barren Island has apparently been eroded by a high fire frequency over the previous 200 years. The species occupies an ecological zone that is marginal to Atherosperma moschatum Labill.-dominated rainforest. Some stands occur adjacent to grasslands separated by a sharp ecological boundary.
Even-aged cohorts represent the population structure on the mountain with no evidence of recent regeneration in or adjacent to any particular stand. A range of different aged cohorts occurs within the forest across the mountain. Mt Munro intercepts cloud moisture, resulting in the development of a cloud forest and a steep precipitation gradient between Mt Munro and the nearby coast. The persistence of B. arborescens on Mt Munro can be attributed partly to the sharp topographical boundaries that have been reinforced by fire due to the burning frequency on the mountain. The vegetation patterning has responded to frequent anthropogenic fires during the past 200 years.
Comparisons are made with subalpine grasslands in New Guinea and elsewhere. Future fire management on Cape Barren Island will be critical to the survival of B. arborescens in Tasmania. On the basis of modified IUCN criteria used in Tasmania for listing of threatened species, it is recommended that the status o/B. arborescens be up-listed from rare to vulnerable.


Radiation decontamination of barley plant powder by 60Co γ-rays and the effect on its components were studied. Results showed that irradiation was very effective in killing the microorganisms in barley plant powder. The irradiation did not cause obvious changes of the major components of protein, total sugar, free amino acid, crude fiber, but 35% loss of vitamin E was observed after 10kGy irradiation. It is suggested that 7.5-10kGy irradiation is good enough for decontamination of the barley plant powder.


Social Networks have attracted billions of active users under major online social network systems, such as MySpace, Facebook, Twitter, DouBan, etc. Nowadays these social networks are increasingly used on mobile devices; thus, rendering a new research field of mobile social networks. The marriage of current wired-network-based social networks with mobile wireless networks triggers exciting new research areas. For instance, knowing the network features such as throughput and delay can help mobile social networks select a contact (e.g. a job advice centre) to which the network route has the best performance. This leads to the so-called wireless-aware social networks and the problem domain is within social networks. On the other hand, there is also social-aware or social-inspired wireless network research, where the knowledge of social network users is exploited for the benefit of wireless network design. Therefore, a cross-layer design that incorporates both the upper-layer mobile social networks and the lower-layer wireless networks is needed. And this comprises the thematic essence of this Special Issue. This cross-layer design method calls for a novel interdisciplinary research thinking that embraces not only these disciplines that are closely related to the field, such as computer science, social science and network/communication engineering, but also other subjects such as biology, physics, etc. The goal of this SI is to solicit the state-of-the-art approaches and technical solutions that embark on the above interdisciplinary and cross-layer design methodologies to design and implement a better-performed mobile social network or wireless network. The topics of interest include, but limited to, the following:


The Italian Alessandro Gavazzi was a remarkable character. Priest, patriotic propagandist and preacher, he exercised considerable influence in mid-nineteenth century Scotland. Born to a diplomatic and legal family, he was the son of a professor of law in the University of Bologna. After entering the Barnabite order at fifteen, he subsequently proved a remarkably popular preacher in Naples, Leghorn and Northern Italy before serving four years in Parma, 1841–44. He claimed to have preached 4,000 sermons in fifteen years. Later when a prison chaplain-general supervising some 5,000 inmates, his reading of Beccaria turned him to penal reform and the abolition of capital punishment. In Perugia, he was alienated by the reactionary clerical domination of the university. After further service in Spoleto, Assisi, Ancona and Pieve he was silenced for his fiery liberal views until after the election of Pius IX in June 1846.


Background: Summer camps engage millions of youth in enrichment opportunities during the summertime while employing a substantial young adult workforce to provide high-quality programs and services to camp participants. Workplace fatigue has been implicated in camp-related injury and illness events, yet few studies have targeted fatigue among camp employees. Purpose: This study aimed to better understand how fatigue impacted employee performance as well as strategies for reducing the negative impacts of fatigue within camp settings. Methodology/Approach: Focus groups were conducted with camp health care providers and directors, and their responses were analyzed using directed content analysis. The analysis process was guided by sensitizing concepts from the literature. Findings/Conclusions: Emergent themes suggested that camp-related fatigue is conceptualized as a construct of time, types, and causes; is a distinct experience leading to setting-specific outcomes; is managed using administrative and peer supports; and is sometimes perceived in positive ways. Implications: This exploratory study highlighted the unique challenges associated with working in a camp setting and the potential development of fatigue as a starting point informing future research. It suggests that future research should include a broader study population, including frontline staff, as well as possible quantitative measures.


The paper "Admission to neurological intensive care: who, when, and why?" by Howard RS, Kullmann DM, Hirsch NP published in J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003; 74 (Suppl III): iii2-iii9, lists and briefly comments on the pathologies treated in a neurointensive care unit. Two interesting concepts discussed in the paper are: 1. Exhaustive care given by the nursing staff and early kinesiological treatment are key to achieving positive results among patients hospitalized in any type of intensive care unit; and 2. A patient suffering from a serious neurological illness should be hospitalized in neurointensive care rather than in a general critical care unit since specialized care units can better anticipate a patient's needs due to the staff's greater knowledge of the nature of neurological illnesses and a keener ability to recognize complications early on


A hoisting rail system has been designed for lifting loads from the north sidewalk of the D0 collision hall into the collision hall pit. This engineering note documents the design. The hoisting system was conceived primarily to aid in getting heavy loads into the pit during short (less than a few days) accesses. The typical use for the hoist will be to lift a BLS power supply (120 lbs) and carrier (16 lbs) from a roll around cart on the sidewalk and onto a similar cart in the collision hall pit. The hoist system will alleviate the need for two persons to carry this heavy load up and down a narrow (24-inch) staircase. The hoisting system has a designed lift rating of 150 lbs. All members and components are well within a conservative safety factor when subjected to this loading at it's worst possible configuration, that is with it's boom cantilevered out 8 feet from the base rail. See the hoisting rail assembly sketch (in the hand calculations section) and the picture inserted below to get an orientation of the device. The hoisting system is designed using BLine 'unistrut' system components. The hoist consists of a 'base' rail that is fastened to either the northeast or northwest air handler platforms. This fixed base rail has (2) two sided trolley assemblies inserted into it's lower unistrut member. One assembly is locked in place on the base rail. Another is locked in place on the lower 'boom' rail. The trolley assemblies are free wheeling which allows boom movement in the north-south direction about 7 1/2 feet within the fixed base rail. An electric hoist hangs from the 'boom' rail on a single trolley. The hoisting system meets Fermilab Environment and Safety Manual chapter 5021 entitled 'Overhead cranes hoists and rigging'. Inclusive in that requirement is that it meets the applicable Fermilab 'work smart standards' of ANSI B30.11-1998 'Monorails and underhung cranes', and ANSI B30.16-1998 'Overhead hoists (underhung)'. The design criteria for the structural members per these standards is that static stresses shall not exceed 0.2 times the average ultimate material strength. The unistrut members are fabricated from hot rolled carbon steel. The B-Line catalog states that the minimum yield strength of the virgin material is 33,000 psi and the cold worked average yield stress is 42,000 psi. The ultimate strength of the material is not given in the catalog, but based on the description of the material and values listed in the Ryerson steel catalog, I will use a value 58,000 psi for the ultimate strength. A minimum safety factor of 5 must be achieved based on ultimate strength.


This assistance was carried out in the village of Tenggulun Solokuro Lamongan which was the originof the Bali bombing bombers I. Although the movement was not visible, the remnants of the jihadist ideologycertainly could not just disappear from Tenggulun village. This assistance aims to strengthen literacy regardingmoderate Islam in dropout youth from Tenggulun village so that they are fully aware of the importance of peacefulreligious knowledge and also an affirmation of the teachings of moderation of Islam as a religion which israhmatan lil 'alamin. From the mentoring process, the results show that moderate Islamic thinking is very usefulfor teens who want to learn peaceful Islam, while according to adolescents dropping out to study moderate Islam istantamount to studying Islam that is rahmatan lil 'alamin


: Tourism has played an important role in poverty alleviation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. However, in the development of tourism, there are still problems such as insufficient resource development, insufficient awareness of industrial integration development, and lack of "intellectual" support for tourism development. Under the circumstance that all poverty-stricken areas and counties in the autonomous region have been lifted out of poverty, tourism poverty alleviation needs to further give play to the advantages of characteristic natural resources, integrate national characteristic culture, develop vocational education and promote the integration of industry and education, so as to achieve the goal of eliminating relative poverty in poverty-stricken areas in the autonomous region by relying on tourism.


The dynamic Mundell-Flemming model was presentated,and its controllability,reachability and observables was proved.The supply and demand balance problem of macro-economic model under open economy condition was transformed into design problem of macro economic policy control law based on the dynamic system of Mundell-Flemming model,the analytical solution was given for pure gain feedback control law of macro-economic policies under open economic conditions,and the policy implications of analytical solution was described.This study provides an atlernative approach and thinking for relevant decision-making in formulating macro economic policies and analyzing macro economic system.


Prior research describes significantly worse health outcomes experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people relative to their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. A prevalent research focus on urban LGBT populations has created a gap in understanding rural LGBT health care and outcomes from a holistic perspective. The present article provides a literature review focusing on the health and health care experiences of LGBT people living in rural areas and highlighting challenges and opportunities for growth in providing culturally competent rural health care. We conducted a systematic review that resulted in the inclusion of 58 articles focused on the health of rural LGBTQ people published between 1998 and February 2016. Findings clustered around 3 themes: (1) individual health outcomes and risk behaviors, (2) experiences of health care and interactions with the health care system, and (3) sociocultural factors at the intersection of rurality and health. Evidence-based recommendations for systemic change and interventions to promote health among rural LGBT people are provided.


Removal Of Host Cell Proteins By Zeta PlusTM Filters During Monoclonal Antibody Purifi cation Introduction Protein A chromatography is a widely used and highly successful method of purifying recombinant monoclonal antibodies. However, since Protein A has high affi nity for antibodies, harsh conditions such as low pH are often required to elute monoclonal antibodies from Protein A affi nity columns. As a result, many proteins will denature and aggregate during this step, leading to lowered production yields, protein purity, and increased production costs.


It is known that eosinophilia is associated with different inflammatory disorders including atopic dermatitis. The eosinophils and their toxic products are seen in tissue specimens from inflammation foci e.g. in asthma and their granule products seem to be major causes of the tissue destruction of epithelial cells in the airways. ECP levels have been found elevated in activated eosinophils like in atopic dermatitis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the values of ECP found in 80 children with atopic dermatitis (aged 1-7 years) and SCORAD index between 20-70.Fluoroenzymeimmunoassay UNI CAPR ECP (Pharmacia Diagnostic) in vitro test system for the quantitative measurement of Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP) in children serum with atopic dermatitis was performed. Uni CAP ECP assay is specifically for use with Uni CAP 100, a dedicated measuring instrument (2.5ml or 4ml vacutainer hemogard, SST glass tube). Anti-ECP, covalently coupled to ImmunoCAP, reacts with the ECP in the patient serum specimen. After washing, enzyme labeled antibodies against ECP are added to form complex. After incubation unbound enzyme anti ECP is washed away and the bound complex is then incubated with developing agent. After stopping the reaction, the fluorescence of the evaluate is measurement. To evaluate the test results, the response for the patient samples are transformed to concentrations with the use of a calibration curve. Referent values were to 20 μ g/l. SCORAD index was calculated according to ETAC study group. ECP values in sera of 80 children were established between 3.25 to 75.7 μ g/l. Elevated ECP levels were found in 25 of children (20.8 to 75.7 μ g/l) mean value was 35.7μ g/l. The most elevated ECP values were in AD children with SCORAD index between 55 and 60. In 25 sera of children with atopic dermatitis ECP levels have been found elevated connected with activated eosinophils. Determination of released ECP may be one way to monitor conditions involving eosinophil activation and may be of value in monitoring the effect of therapy.


Electronic Capacitive Voltage Transformer (ECVT), connecting the transmission system and measuring device, is the key equipment of digital substation in the distribution network. Its frequency characteristics and the rapid transient response performance exert decisive effects on whether it is in keeping with the power quality requirements for wide frequency domain and high precision detection. Many detection methods that require special testing equipment have limitations of high-cost and complexity in project implementation. We establish the mathematical model of ECVT, which is utilized to study its integrative characteristics based on the definitions of frequency response and transient voltage error. Besides, the harmonic and transient disturbance detection performances are analyzed comprehensively with the model by simulation. Then, we propose a multi-objective parameter optimization design model with minimization of transient voltage decay duration, maximization of frequency bandwidth and minimization of transient impulse voltage, which is solved through the entropy weighting method and genetic algorithm. The analysis and optimization results indicate that selecting resistor divider through the proposed method can achieve data transmission results with acceptable accuracy. Further, its superior performance on transforming transient disturbances conforms to the distribution network's electric energy quality requirements.


The objective of this study is to extend the possibilities of robot localization in a known environment by using the pre-deployed infrastructure of a smart building. The proposed method demonstrates a concept of a Shared Sensory System for the automated guided vehicles (AGVs), when already existing camera hardware of a building can be utilized for position detection of marked devices. This approach extends surveillance cameras capabilities creating a general sensory system for localization of active (automated) or passive devices in a smart building. The application is presented using both simulations and experiments for a common corridor of a building. The advantages and disadvantages are stated. We analyze the impact of the captured frame's resolution on the processing speed while also using multiple cameras to improve the accuracy of localization. The proposed methodology in which we use the surveillance cameras in a stand-alone way or in a support role for the AGVs to be localized in the environment has a huge potential utilization in the future smart buildings and cities. The available infrastructure is used to provide additional features for the building control unit, such as awareness of the position of the robots without the need to obtain this data directly from the robots, which would lower the cost of the robots themselves. On the other hand, the information about the location of a robot may be transferred bidirectionally between robots and the building control system to improve the overall safety and reliability of the system.


In this article I am discussing some polemical passages in Tantric Buddhist works belonging to the 10th-13th centuries concerning the infringement of vows of celibacy when monks took initiation containing sexual elements. The passages follow the standard exegetical format of first presenting argumentation ( yukti ) followed by scriptural citations ( āgama ) purportedly supporting the position of the author. Whereas the argumentation part has been discussed in previous works by others, here I wish to draw attention to the scriptural matter used in justification. In our case nearly always the same quotation is used in a distorted manner. This is a sign that those in favour of justifying transgression of monastic rules were struggling to find appropriate substantiation. From this one could infer that the rites demanding such infringements in the case of a monastic person were most likely developments outside that community, and hence the origins of such innovations should be sought after among lay tantrics.


Light intensity is a crucial factor that determines the growth rate of the microorganisms.The light intensity distribution in the photobioreacotor,exposing to the collimated and diffused irradiance,was studied by mathematically solving the Radiative Transfer Equation(RTE).The solar spectral irradiance from 300 nm to 900 nm and the absorption and scattered coefficients of the microorganisms were taken into consideration.The relationship between the light intensity and the thickness of the photobioreactor was presented,which provides the fundamentals for the optimal design of the photobioreactor in the near future.


What new technology is being used in law firms today and what impact is it having on the way we work? Kelly and Co. is implementing a number of leading-edge, technology-related initiatives and Andrew Shaw and Stuart Price were asked to share some of their thoughts on the trends they are seeing.


The most common endocrinopathy in women is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Obesity is linked to PCOS and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), which is followed by hyperandrogenism and enhanced insulin resistance. Previous case-control and meta-analysis studies on the TNF-a gene and PCOS women relied heavily on the -C850T polymorphism. The aim of this study was to investigate the Elisa levels and -C850T (rs1799724) polymorphism in TNF-α gene with PCOS women in the Saudi women. In this case-control study, 50 PCOS patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited, and plasma levels of TNF-α were evaluated using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa), and extracted DNA was utilized to explore the -C850T polymorphism using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The limited and digested PCR products were run on an Agarose gel to test for the -C850T polymorphism. Elevated Elisa levels were found in CT genotype and gene polymorphism studies showed 12% of CT genotypes was documented in PCOS women and 14% in control women. None of the genotypes or allele frequencies were associated with a positive relationship between PCOS women and controls. The CT genotype had higher TNF-α levels than the CC genotype, and the C850T polymorphism was not related with PCOS in women, according to the findings of this study.


Abstract- GPT-2 is state of art algorithm transfer learning with respect to nlp task we can do it like text summarizationand many more applications. The text generation application programming interface is supported by a large-scale unsupervised language model capable of generating paragraphs of text This transformer-based language model, based on OpenAI's GPT-2 model, accepts a sentence or partial sentence as input and predicts subsequent text. GPT-2 uses input textto set the initial context for further text generation. The length of an input string can range from few words to a maximumsequence length of 1024 tokens. The longer an initial input, the more subject context is provided to a model. Generally, longer inputs produce a more coherent text output. It was specifically trained to guess the next word in sentences. GPT-2 isa massive model that contains a massive amount of compressed knowledge from various parts of the internet. It can be usedto forecast the likelihood of a sentence. The model learns an internal representation of the English language, which it can then use to extract features useful for subsequent tasks. We have used a tkinter which is a GUI to display the generated output. Keywords—Text generation, Graphical User Interface, gpt2 transformer,Open AI,tkinter,


The electrochemical behavior of tetra-15-crown-substituted phthalocyanine and its copper and cobalt complexes in solution have been studied by voltammetric techniques in wide range of potentials. It is established that the ligand undergoes an irreversible oxidation process, as well as its copper and cobalt complexes. The necessary correlations between electrochemical properties and structures of the ligand and its complexes are proposed.


Estimates are made of the single-bond and double-bond covalent radii of V (V) and of the corresponding V—0 bond lengths for tetrahedral, five-fold, and octahedral coordination of Ο around V. The possible nature of the V—Ο bonds in V808 and in other structures containing pentavalent vanadium is discussed. In view of the recent verification of the general features of the structure of V206, and the determination of more accurate bond lengths and bond angles, it is of interest to compare the oxygen coordination polyhedra in V205 with similar polyhedra in other structures containing pentavalent vanadium, and to speculate on the nature of the V—0 bonds. The coordination of oxygen atoms around V takes the form of more or less distorted, but discrete, tetrahedra in the structures of * National Research Council Postdoctorate Fellow, now at the Mineralogisch-Kristallographischee Institut der Universität, Göttingen, Germany. 1 Η . G . BACHMANN, F . R . AHMED and W . H . B A R N E S , The crystal structure of vanadium pentoxide. Ζ. Kristallogr. 11δ (1961) 110—131. 2 Α . BYSTRÖM, Κ . A. WTT.TTFIT.MT and Ο . ΒΒΟΤΖΕΝ, Vanadium pentoxide—a compound with five-coordinated vanadium atoms. Acta Chem. Scand. 4 (I960) 1119—1130. 216 Η . G. BACHMANN a n d λ \ \ Η . BARNES those orthovanadates specifically mentioned elsewhere as well as in NiaiVOjjj, Co3(V04)2, Mg(V04)2, CrV04, and in the orthovanadates of Sc, Y, and the rare-earth elements. A reported exception appears to be RhV04 which, on the basis of a comparison of its powder pattern with that of cassiterite, is alleged to have a structure of the rutile type with Rh and V statistically distributed over the octahedral (Ti) sites. Synthetic anhydrous carnotite, K2(U02)2V208, was at first thought to contain separate V04 tetrahedra. A redetermination of its structure, and that of its Cs analogue, however, has shown trigonal bipyramidal coordination of 0 around V, which, on further refinement, appears to be better decribed as tetragonal pyramidal. Tetrahedral coordination has been found in the structure of the pyrovanadate, ZrVa07, but with pairs of V04 tetrahedra sharing one oxygen corner to form V207 groups. In the anhydrous metavanadates, NaV03, KVO3., RbV03, CsV03 and NH4V03., V04 tetras C. H. KELSEY and W. H. BARNES, The crystal structure of metarossite. Can. Mineral. 6, Pa r t 4 (1960) 448—466; (p. 459, Table 4, right-hand column, first four lines should read <V—Vj-CV 78; O , — V ^ 7 5 ; Ox*—Vj—05 94; ( V V i O , 108). 4 A. DURIF et Ε. F. BERTAUT, Structure crystalline du vanadate de nickel V206 , 3NiO. J . Physique Radium 20 (1959) 54 S. 5 E . F . BERTAUT, A . DURIF e t R . PAUTHENET, S t r u c t u r e e t p r o p r i e t y magn6tiques des orthovanadates V206 ,3M0 (M — Mg, Co, Ni) (abstract). Acta Crystallogr. 13 (1960) 1015. 6 K. BRANDT, X-ray analysis of CrVOj and isomorphous compounds. Ark. Kemi, Min. Geol. 17A (1943), no. 6, 13 pp. 7 W . O . MILLIGAN, L . Μ .WATT a n d Η . H . RACHFORD, J R . , X r a y d i f f r a c t i o n studies on heavy metal orthovanadates. J . Physic. Coll. Chem. 53 (1949) 2 2 7 — 2 3 4 ; W . O. MTT.TJGAN a n d L . W . VERNON, C r y s t a l s t r u c t u r e o f h e a v y metal orthovanadates. J . Physic. Chem. 56 (1952) 145—148. 8 K . BRANDT, X-ray studies on AB04 compounds of rutile type and AB2Oe compounds of columbite type. Ark. Kemi, Min. Geol. 17 A (1943), no. 15, 8 pp. Β I . SUNDBERG and L. G. SELLEN, On the crystal structure of KU0 2 V0 4 (synthetic anhydrous carnotite). Ark. Kemi 1 (1949) 337—351. 10 D. E. APPLE MAN and Η. T. EVANS, JR., The crystal structure of carnotite (abstract). Acta Crystallogr. 10 (1957) 765. 1 1 Η . T . EVANS, J R . , P r i v a t e c o m m u n i c a t i o n (1960). 12 G. PEYRONEL, Sui vanadati di zirconio. Nota I I . Esistenza e struttura del pirovanadato ZrV207. Gazz. Chim. Ital. 72 (1942) 83—89. 18 H . S0RUM, The crystal structure of sodium metavanadate. Kgl. Norske Videnskab. Selskabs Forh. 16 (1943) 39-42. 14 Η . T . EVANS, JR. , a n d S. BLOCK, Crystal s t ruc ture of K V 0 3 (abstract) . A m . M i n e r a l . 3 8 (1954) 3 2 6 ; M . PETRAÜOVA, J . MADAR a n d F . HÄMO, K r y stälovä struktüra metavadicnanu draeeln6ho. Chem. Zvesti 12 (1958) 410—418. Bonding in the trigonal bipyramidal coordination polyhedra of V 20 5 217 hedra are linked together by two shared corners into continuous chains analogous to those of the Si04 tetrahedra in diopside. Within these various tetrahedra, V—Ο bond lengths have been reported which vary from about 1.6 A to almost 2.0 A. Unfortunately the accuracy attained in the location of the oxygen atoms in many of these structure analyses has not been very high, in some cases owing to inadequate or approximate data, and, in others, because of the limitations imposed by the presence of atoms of very heavy metals. Principally on account of the spread of the observed values, which strongly suggests the presence of more than one type of bond, and, also, because of the generally limited accuracy, the V—Ο bond lengths in the various V04 tetrahedra do not provide suitable data for the estimation of the radius of tetrahedrally coordinated pentavalent vanadium. The four-fold (tetrahedral) oxygen coordination which appears to be characteristic of the orthovanadates, the pyrovanadates, and the anhydrous metavanadates, becomes five-fold trigonal bipyramidal in V2Os, in the hydrated metavanadates (KV03 · H^O·; Ca(V03)2 · 2H20, metarossite; Sr(V03)2 · 4H20), and, together with octahedral coordination, in the non-stoichiometric vanadium oxides· (oxygenvanadium bronzes). To facilitate discussion, the designations of 1 5 Η . T . E V A N S , JB., Crystal structure refinement and vanadium bonding in the metavanadates, KV03 , NH4V03 and KV0 3 · HjO. Z. Kristallogr. 114 (1960) 257—277; (p. 260, Fig. 1 and text, Ca(V03)2 · 4H 2 0 should read Ca(V03)8 • 2H 2 0 (metarossite); pp.259, 271, for KV0 3 · H 2 0 , a = 8.151, b = 13.586, D(V-Ot) = 1.65, D(V-02) = 1.67). 16 C. CALVO, The structure of C E V 0 3 and RbV03 . Am. Crystallogr. Assoc. Program and Abstracts (1958) 18. 17 J. S. LUKESH, The unit cell and space group of ammonium metavanadate, NH4V03 . Acta Crystallogr. 3 (1950) 476-477; V. SYNECEK and F. H A N I C , The crystal structure of ammonium metavanadate. Czech. J. Physics 4 (1954) 120-130. 1 8 C. L . CHRIST, J . R . CLABK and Η . T. E V A N S , JB., The crystal structure of potassium metavanadate monohydrate, KV0 3 · H 2 0. Acta Crystallogr. 7 (1954) 801-807. 1 9 P . SEDLACEK and K . DORNBERGER-SCHIFF, On the structure of strontium metavanadate Sr(V03)2 · 4H20 (abstract). Acta Crystallogr. 13 (1960) 1020. 20 A. D. WADSLEY, The crystal structure of Na2_IVeO,6. Acta Crystallogr. 8 (1955) 695—701. 21 A. D. WADSLEY, Crystal chemistry of non-stoichiometric pentavalent vanadium oxides: crystal structure of Li1+IV3Og. Acta Crystallogr. 10 (1957) 261—267. 22 R. P. OZEROV, G . A . GOL'DER and G . S . ZHDANOV, X-ray diffraction study of sodium and potassium oxygen vanadium bronzes Meo.jjVjOj. Soviet Physics — Crystallography 2 (1957) 211—218. 218 Η. G. BACHMANN and W. H . BARNES the V atom and the five Ο atoms in a single trigonal bipyramid of each of the various structures (with the exception of Sr(V03)2 · 4H20), as given in the original papers, are referred to the equivalent labelling of V205 in Table 1, and corresponding V—Ο and 0—0 distances are compared in terms of the V205 polyhedron in Table 2. Table i. Corresponding atoms in the trigonal bipyramidal coordination polyhedra of Ο around V in various structures V2Osi Li1+.V,Oe" Na,_V,017*> κ«.Ών2ο6" KVOj-Η,Ο Ca(VOs), · 211,0 V Vx v, V3 V V: V, ΟΛ1) 05 Ο. 0, Oj Os 0« 0,(1) 0! o7 07 o m 0 / 0,' 0,(2) Οχ o? 0, Om' o, O, 0,(3) 0 t o, O, Om' 0 , · 0, o s 0S o s 05 On O. 0, In all of these structures, the trigonal bipyramids, with apices 02(2), 02(3) and equatorial triangle 0^1), 02(1), 03, share the two edges, 02(2)—02(1) and 02(3)—02(1), from the apices to the same corner of the equatorial triangle, to form continuous zigzag double chains. (Fig. 5 of OZEROV, G O L ' D E R and ZHDANOV 2 2 is somewhat misleading because the chains of polyhedra are shown as viewed along different, non-comparable, directions.) In V206 the chains of trigonal bipyramids are joined laterally through shared corners (03) into sheets. In the bronzes they are linked laterally by sharing the same corners (03) with double ribbons of oxygen octahedra around nonequivalent V atoms to form sheets between pairs of which the alkali metal ions are situated; in the Na and Κ bronzes the sheets are joined together at intervals of a by shared corners of the octahedra. In the hydrated metavanadates the chains of trigonal bipyramids are built into a three-dimensional net by sharing edges and corners with almost regular cubic 0,H20 polyhedra around Κ in KV03 · H20, and by sharing edges with distorted Ο,Ι^Ο antiprisms around Ca in Ca(V03)2. 20^0. Although details of the structure of Sr(V03)2 · 45^0 are not available, it is reported that, while the chains of trigonal bipyramids form an ordered lattice, the Sr (and possibly the H20) sites are disordered·. 2 8 K . DORNBERGER-SCHUT, P . SEDLACEK and O. JARCHOW, Structure analytical methods for disordered crystals (abstract). Acta Crystallogr. 18 (1960) 999—1001. Bonding in the trigonal bipyramidal coordination polyhedra of V 2 0 5 219 «0 •Μ •Μ Μ CO rTf e> * * CO CO Ĥ 00 30 «ο » β rn •<)< ΙΟ Γ-· CO » ^ 5·) (Ν ei Μ ei ei ei ei ei ei | ο ο ο Μ « c* OB 'S. α3 § •s Φ Ο) ρ ο" 03 > e Φ Iη Ν 00 00 α> <M OS ο 00 eq (S co CO o ® Οι «Ο Η* ο tCO ΙΟ CO <3> ^ α ο «Η* Μ Η̂ ei co Μ> ei ei ei ei ei ei 'S ίο" «Λ 1 Ο ο 1 e? Μ3 ο Ο* Ο Ο Μ Μ φ >ο Ρ3 η >ο co tΙ• CO CD Φ σ> <33 to <N ea t-; o Μ CO tΕ-; 1 1 t» ο > ΤΗ (Ν W eö ei ei ei ei ei ei Ί >* Μ ο 60 0. C e •8 '.5 «β ο «4 s α 0s ΙΟ σι ο σ> Φ Ο co co CO <3> <s> g ο ίο t» ο οο 00 CO oo CO tt* τ* CO CO


We present an efficient solution to the Eikonal equation on parametric manifolds, based on the fast marching approach. This method overcomes the problem of a non-orthogonal coordinate system on the manifold by creating an appropriate numerical stencil. The method is tested numerically and demonstrated by calculating distances on various parametric manifolds. It is further used for two applications: image enhancement and face recognition.


Hydrogenated amorphous silicon alloy films were formed by ionized‐cluster beam deposition of silicon in relatively low gas pressure of hydrogen, in a range of 10−5–10−4 Torr. Films with optical band gap of 1.3–1.9 eV could be formed. Effective hydrogenation seems to be due to the enhanced adatom migration effect and to the kinetic and the ionic charge effects of the clusters which are characteristics of the ionized cluster beam deposition. For doped film deposition, hydrogen gas mixed with phosphine or diborane was used. By this method, pure n‐ and p‐type films could be reproducibly formed at practical deposition rates by changing gas flow into the deposition chamber. The deposited films have good adhesion and show smooth surface and thermally stable characteristics. The p‐i‐n diodes formed by this method showed good performance.


Objective To study the effects of spray distance on the microstructure and property of Ti coatings. Methods Ti coatings were prepared at different spray distances by Low Temperature HVOF process. The microstructure,phase structure and microhardness of the coatings were analyzed. Besides,the influence mechanism of spray distance on Ti coatings was discussed. Results The results showed that LT-HVOF Ti coatings had relatively high surface roughness,and the porosity of the coatings first decreased and then increased with the increase of spray distances,and the minimum porosity of the coating was 0. 70% at the spray distance of 150 mm; no obvious oxidation was observed in Ti coatings; the splats deposited on the substrate were mainly in its solid state. Conclusion When the spray distance was 150 mm,Ti particles were sufficiently heated in plume and had a high in-flight velocity, so Ti splats were well flattened to form dense Ti coating.


Introduction: In modern medical education, with its transformational changes, teacher-centered learning is transformed into student-centered learning. This shift has escalated so fast with momentum, and its value in teaching and learning has been evaluated in many ways. In the current scenario, problem-based learning (PBL) is a well-recognized effective method of teaching and learning. The credit goes to McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, for the establishment of PBL. In Malaysia, many medical schools have applied this method in their curriculum, one of which is University Malaysia, Sarawak (UNIMAS), which has also adopted PBL in its undergraduate curriculum since 1996. Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the students' acceptance of PBL and its positive and negative impact on their learning. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted to determine the acceptance of the students of PBL. The study population is selected using convenience sampling of 140 out of 148 pre-clinical year-2 students who were exposed to the PBL method, the focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted based on pre-framed questions to know the impact of PBL on the students' learning. Results: Results showed that the respondents had the satisfaction and accepted PBL. Sixty students from 6 PBL groups were involved in FGD. Feedback from FGD revealed their difficulties with the conduction of 1st session of PBL, for instance, problems in searching resources, new learning environments and peers from different regions. There were positive responses spelled by the subjects that the PBL has improved their communication skills, critical thinking, and self-esteem. Conclusion: Overall the PBL has proved beneficial evidenced a positive impact on the learning process of medical students.


In the present manuscript, a novel fluorescent chalcone derivative is synthesized and its photophysical properties are fully characterized. The designed fluorophore is applied as a probe to study protein-dye interactions with bovine serum albumin. Circular dichroism gave interesting results on the thermodynamics of the interaction. NMR spectroscopy, especially relaxation measurements, revealed the atoms in the chalcone derivative that interacts with the protein upon binding. Molecular docking calculations indicate that the most favourable binding sites are near the two tryptophan residues. Furthermore, ab initio and DFT calculations offer insights into the reactivity and physicochemical properties of this novel fluorophore.


Three new loquat lines(Caixia,Hongxiu and Jinbei) were bred from Yingzhizhong with large fruits×Zaohong 3 with early maturity by continuous selection from 1996 to 2008 to breed new loquat varieties with good integrated characters for cultivation in Guizhou.Three new loquat lines with delicate flesh quality,luscious flavor,strong resistance,earlier fruit-bearing,high and stable yield should be suitably cultivated in Guizhou and warm zones or regions with microclimate condition of the surrounding provinces and cities.


This paper examines the uses of remittance support and the sharing of resources between urban and rural Somali households. Based on a survey of over 700 households in Somaliland and Puntland, we examine how Somali extended families share and circulate resources both internationally and locally. Much of the available information on Somali remittances is based on research in one or two urban areas, and is based on relatively small samples. This research, conducted in six urban areas and eighteen rural communities, shows that diaspora support extends not only to urban households, but to rural ones as well, through direct distribution and more indirect sharing of resources. We look at the strengths and vulnerabilities of this system and consider the implications for understanding this contemporary 'transnationalized' society. We consider the motivations of those who provide support to poorer relatives, the challenges they face in doing so, and the degree to which remittances may be seen as a reliable source of support in the future.


As a contemporary Italian director who challenges the problematic memories of the 1970s, Renato De Maria employs the comics of Andrea Pazienza, one of the main artists of those days, as an expressive model for accessing this past. In Paz! (2001) he breaks filmic linearity and interweaves stories and characters belonging to different times. Here, I explore how he uses music to sustain these multiple representations within the same time/space boundaries. Further, I suggest that the mix of original score and popular music from different periods enhances the sense of continuity between past and present young generations.


We reviewed the operative results, and intraand postoperative complications of 85 renal cancer patients treated by nephrectomy at our clinic during the 18 year period from March 1986 to December 1985. 1) The operation time was shortest in flank incision, and longest in unilateral subcostal incision. 2) In transperitoneal approach, unilateral subcostal incision resulted in less intraoperative blood loss than others. 3) Preoperative renal artery embolization decreased intraoperative blood loss in patients treated by flank incision. However, in patients treated by transperitoneal approach, no difference was seen either in the required operation time or the intraoperative blood loss between patients with and without embolization. 4) Retroperitoneal lymphadencetomy caused a prolongation of 105 minutes in operation time and an increase of 72 ml in intraoperative blood loss. 5) Intraoperative complications occurred in 16 patients (19%), they were seen most frequently in the midline upper abdominal incision. And the commonest complication was splenic damage, which occurred in 8 patients. However, no intraoperative complications were caused by retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. 6) Postoperative complications were seen frequently in flank and paramedian incision. In unilateral subcostal incision, only two patients (6%) were afflicted with wound pain. In patients with acute pancreatitis and lymphrrhea, the cause was probably due to retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Therefore, unilateral subcostal incision seems to be a useful approach for radical nephrectomy.


To investigate the additive value of serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1), measured within 24 h prior to induction of labor, to the performance of screening for adverse perinatal outcome provided by maternal risk factors and the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR).


Abstract : We extended classical dynamic fracture mechanics to a class of new commercially useful titanium microstructures and demonstrated that their dynamic fracture behavior differs significantly from that of previously studied model materials. By combining continuum measurements (obtained using the torsion split Hopkinson bar and one-point-bend fracture test methods) and fractogaphic measurements (obtained using fracture surface topography analysis, FRASTA), we generated a complete data base on static and dynamic strength and fracture toughness for various microstructures of the alloy Ti-IOV-2Fe-3AI. We determined effects of microstructural features on microfailure behavior and we modeled some of the observed microfailure processes using finite element analysis. Whereas the dynamic initiation toughness was only moderately higher than the static initiation toughness (at most 20%), a very strong rise was found in the crack propagation toughness with crack extension (as much as a 100% increase) for velocities as low as 100 m/s. This rate dependent resistance curve effect is an intrinsic material property (in contrast to a structural effect) and a strong function of microstructure. We demonstrated that the formation of shear lips is also a strongly rate dependent phenomenon and that shear lips, when they develop, make only a modest contribution to the propagation toughness (on the order of 20% for the case studied here). Our results also showed that, in general, there is not a direct correlation between the dynamic initiation and propagation toughnesses.


Deals with interpretation of the early Christian texts and Jewish apocrypha which are a mystery still. The author addresses two themes, those of the shine and the opposition of light and dark powers in pursuit of the light which are of "folk" character (birth of a solar hero, capture of light, pursuit of the sun parallels). The research is based on the texts of the Second Temple period including apocryphal "Joseph and Aseneth," the "Fourth Book of Ezda", and the Book of Revelation in particular.


Introduction In order to achieve high reproductive efficiency and high milk production, herds must properly manage the entire non‐lactating period and early lactation. We refer to this time period as The Vital 90TM Days and it begins approximately 60 days before calving and continues through the first 30 days of lactation. During this time, dairy cows are exposed to a series of biological and physiological transitions that are usually accompanied by large changes in feed intake, dramatic shifts in hormonal profiles, and major fluxes in hepatic demands and function. The resulting negative energy and negative protein balance as well as immune suppression often leads to a multitude of metabolic and infectious problems.


Two papers in this month's issue of  EMJ systematically examine the validity of triage systems for adults and children1, while Tsai et al analyse the performance of prehospital triage criteria in Taiwan.2 Few emergency physicians have the luxury of being able to see all patients immediately and thus not needing triage.

Firstly, before we can find a good triage system, we need to consider why we triage. The underlying principle of triage is a utilitarian ethic of maximising the overall good, originally described in the military setting: 'those who are dangerously wounded should receive the first attention, without regard to rank or distinction'.3 It presupposes that the patient with an ankle sprain does not benefit from waiting while the patient with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is seen before him, but the population as a whole …


Introduction: Heart rate variability (HRV) is the cyclic measurement of RR intervals between normal beats. Aim: To determine the VFC via a wireless Polar monitor. Material and methods: 100 symptomatic menopausal women were studied for measurements of HRV were I post a Polar RS400 Watch four hrs. Results: Obtained through the fast Fourier transform, the frequency domain HRV low frequency (LF) 0.04-0.15 Hz, high frequency (HF) 0.15-0.4Hz and the ratio LF / HF. Conclusion: obtaining HRV is important for cardiovascular autonomic assessment in menopausal women.


History of philosophy is built upon rigid discrimination between various human experiences. Human experiences are divided mainly into two major experiences: Perceptual and intelectual. Perceptual experience is deined by empiricism as an aposteriori experience of empirical sensations. Meanwhile, rationalism claims that the only acceptable experience is apriori experience of intelectual object (natural laws, mathematical equations and logical operations). There is no other experience outside those two philosophical account of experiences. All other experiences must be subsumed either within perceptual or intelectual experience.


Magnet tile is an essential part of various industrial motors, and its performance significantly affects the use of the motor. Various defects such as blowholes, breaks, cracks, frays, unevenness, etc., may appear on the surface of the magnet tile. At present, most of the defects rely on manual visual inspection. To solve the problems of slow speed and low accuracy of segmentation of different defects on the magnetic tile surface, in this paper, we propose a segmentation method of the weighted YOLACT model. The proposed model uses the resnet101 network as the backbone, obtains multi-scale features through the weighted feature pyramid network, and performs two parallel subtasks simultaneously: generating a set of prototype masks and predicting the mask coefficients of each target. The residual structure and weights are introduced in the prediction mask coefficient branch. Linearly combine the prototypes and the mask coefficients to generate masks to complete the final target segmentation. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 43.44/53.44 mask and box mAP on the magnetic tile surface defect dataset, and the segmentation speed reaches 24.40 fps. Compared with other segmentation methods, our method is more excellent in performance.