In this work an efficient dynamics algorithm is developed, which is applicable to a wide range of multibody systems, including underactuated systems, branched or tree-topology systems, robots, and walking machines. The dynamics algorithm is differentiated with respect to the input parameters in order to form sensitivity equations. The algorithm makes use of techniques and notation from the theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras, which is reviewed briefly. One of the strengths of our formulation is the ability to easily differentiate the dynamics algorithm with respect to parameters of interest. We demonstrate one important use of our dynamics and sensitivity algorithms by using them to solve difficult optimal control problems for underactuated systems. The algorithms in this paper have been implemented in a software package named Cstorm (Computer simulation tool for the optimization of robot manipulators), which runs from within Matlab and Simulink. It can be downloaded from the website http://www.eng.uci.edu/ bobrow/ @DOI: 10.1115/1.1376121#


Objective: To prepare thoracic aorta strips of the good bioactivity with rabbits in vitro.Methods: The traditional method was applied by improving several key processes such as selection of animal,preparation of Kreb's and aorta strips,and consequently the thoracic aorta strips model of rabbits was successfully established in vitro.The isotonic contraction of the thoracic aorta strips of rabbit was recorded to observe the effects on the concentration-response curves for noradrenaline(NA),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and high potassium.The procedure of Ca2+ free-Ca2+ addition was designed to observe indirectly the effects on intracellular free Ca2+(i) by NA.Results: Compared with the traditional method,NA 10 nmol/L-300 μmol/L,5-HT 10 nmol/L-10 μmol/L,KCl 10-100 mmol/L could induced contraction with a concentraction-dependent manner and the maxium response.NA could induce transient contraction in Ca2+-free medium and the long-lasting by addition of Ca2+ after improving the method.Conclusion: It provides a good model for the study of mechanism and signal transduction pathway of Hypertension and antihypertensive drugs.


Muscle fibers from the lateral gastrocnemius muscles of five normal adult males were chemically skinned (sarcolemma disrupted) and each fiber was divided into two parts for histochemical determination of fiber type and calcium‐induced tension measurements. The calcium concentration associated with half‐maximal tension was 2.5 μM for fast‐twitch and 1.3–1.4 μM for slow‐twitch fibers. Fast‐oxidative‐glycolytic (type 2A) and fast‐glycolytic (type 2B) fibers had similar calcium sensitivities. Maximum tensions (kg/ cm2) were 2.24 for fast‐twitch and 2.19 for slow‐twitch fibers.


This observational study compared 415 EDHC preterm infants from Toulouse University Hospital, born between 2008 and 2015, and 3186 preterm infants of the EPIPAGE 2 study cohort born in all French newborn units in 2011. Neurodevelopmental Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) was used to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes. Length of hospital stay, breastfeeding rates at discharge and six-months and hospital readmission rates during the first year were compared between the two groups. Differences in the two populations characteristics were adjusted with multivariate multilevel regression analyses.


The physical adsorption of a simple gas on a heterogeneous surface is reformulated in terms of a description ofthe adsorbent surface as a collection of supersites of finite sizes. Formal expressions for the thermodynamic properties of an adsorbate on such a surface are given. Computer simulations of the isotherms and local densities of xenon adsorbed on stepped surfaces with several step separations are presented and analyzed in terms of the supersite formulation. It is argued that these surfaces can be divided into two types of supersites: the terraces and the narrow regions of strong adsorption at the bottom of the steps. Local isotherms are evaluated for adsorption on both types of supersites, and the changes in the isotherms with changes in the surface dimensions are discussed. Finally, the intersite interaction between atoms on the terrace and the step supersite is approximately calculated, and the effect of this interaction on the local isotherms is presented. Future prospects for this novel approach to adsorption on a heterogeneous surface are briefly discussed.


The rates of epoxidation of polybutadiene homopolymers and styrene–butadiene triblock copolymers with monoperoxyphthalic acid were measured at four temperatures in homogeneous solution. Dioxane and mixed solvents with chloroform were used as reaction media. Activation energy values were also calculated for polymers different in microstructure and styrene content. Viscometry in a modified viscometer was performed and combined with kinetic measurement to monitor the conformational change during epoxidation. Cis-content in polybutadiene and styrene content in SBS exhibit only slight effect on epoxidation in dioxane. The addition of chloroform promotes the reaction rate remarkably and enlarges the difference between polymers. Explanations were given including the solvent effect on reduced viscosity, which was used to correlate the conformational change of polymer chains. NMR and GPC analysis confirmed the absence of ring opening and degradation during epoxidation up to 54% epoxy group content.


G d 3 0 8 R e , monoc l in ic , P\2\ln\ (No. 14), a = 7 .3050(3) Ä, b = 6 .0328(3 ) Ä, с = 13.7693(7) Ä, β = 98 .472(5)° , V = 6 0 0 . 2 Ä 3 , Ζ = 4, Rgt(F) = 0 .069, wR(F) = 0 .068 , Τ = 2 9 3 К . Source of material T h e ti t le c o m p o u n d w a s obta ined as o range-co lo red needles by t h e r m a l d e c o m p o s i t i o n o f g a d o l i n i u m ( I I I ) t r i s ( t e t r a o x o rhena to (VI I ) ) t r ihydrate wh ich w a s hea ted on air at 1150 К fo r 2 4 hours . Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in Ä). Atom Site χ у ζ Discussion Gd3ReC>8 is i sotypic with Sm3ReOs [ 1 ] , and m a y b e descr ibed as an a r r angemen t of isolated octahedra l RcOö 5 an ions and cat ionic cha ins of condensed OGd4 te t rahedra J[C>2Gd6/2] (Fig. left) co r r e spod ing with a Gd(III) ox ide h e x a o x o r h e n a t e (VII) . Including the total G d 0 coordinat ion the s t ruc ture is a 3 D ne twork of c o n d e n s e d GdOg square ant ipr isms wi th R e a toms in octahedral ho les (Fig. right). The bond lengths are in the r ange 2 2 0 p m < d(Gd—O) < 2 6 3 p m (average 2 4 3 p m ) and 178 p m < d(Re—O) < 198 p m (average 188 p m ) respect ively . Table 1. Data collection and handling. orange-colored needle, size 0.15 χ 0.2 χ 0.6 mm Mo Ka radiation (0.71073 A) 528.20 cm" Siemens P4, Wyckoff 55° 1548, 1332 Fobs > 3 CT(fobs), 1176 110 SHELXTL-plus [2] Acknowledgment. Partially supported by Fondecyt (Contract 1980882). References 1. Besse, J. P.; Bolte, M.; Baud, G.; Chevalier, R.: Structure cristalline d'oxides doubles de rhenium, SmjReOg. Acta Crystallogr. B32 (1976) 3045-3048. 2. Sheldrick, G. M.: Program Package SHELXTL-plus. Release 4.1. Siemens Analytical X-Ray Instruments Inc., Madison (WI 53719), USA 1990. U π U22 U33 Un t/13 U23 Crystal: Wavelength: μ: Diffractometer, scan mode: 20max-' N(M:/)measured, N(hkl)unique: Criterion for Fabs, N(hkl)gC. N(param) ref,ned: Program: Gd(l) 4e 0.7866(2) 0.2044(2) 0.94513(8) 0.0126(6) 0.0170(6) 0.0157(6) 0.0006(4) -0.0009(4) 0.0007(4) Gd(2) 4e 1.0606(2) 0.1915(2) 0.66813(8) 0.0106(6) 0.0180(6) 0.0168(6) 0.0001(4) -0.0002(4) 0.0001(4) Gd(3) 4e 0.8958(2) -0.2577(2) 0.79886(8) 0.0126(6) 0.0167(7) 0.0172(6) -0.0001(4) -0.0004(5) 0.0012(4) Re(l) 4e 0.7674(1) -0.2448(1) 1.08926(6) 0.0104(5) 0.0165(6) 0.0152(5) -0.0005(3) -0.0007(3) -0.0003(3) 0(1) 4e 0.848(2) -0.544(3) 1.097(1) 0.021(8) 0.015(7) 0.019(7) -0.002(6) -0.004(6) -0.007(6) 0(2) 4e 0.685(2) -0.297(3) 1.211(1) 0.011(7) 0.014(6) 0.019(8) 0.005(6) -0.006(6) -0.005(6) 0(3) 4e 0.894(3) -0.200(3) 0.982(1) 0.023(9) 0.021(7) 0.014(7) -0.009(7) -0.007(6) -0.010(6) 0(4) 4e 1.002(2) -0.148(3) 1.169(1) 0.006(7) 0.026(8) 0.021(8) -0.002(6) -0.003(6) 0.004(6) 0(5) 4e 0.711(3) 0.052(2) 1.090(1) 0.025(9) 0.010(6) 0.030(8) -0.008(6) 0.008(7) 0.001(6) 0(6) 4e 0.547(3) -0.309(2) 1.023(1) 0.026(9) 0.003(6) 0.031(9) -0.006(7) 0.003(7) -0.008(6) 0(7) 4e 0.641(2) -0.025(3) 0.827(1) 0.010(7) 0.022(7) 0.023(8) -0.007(6) -0.007(6) -0.004(6) 0(8) 4e 0.807(2) -0.027(3) 0.658(1) 0.012(7) 0.014(6) 0.024(8) 0.006(6) -0.000(6) -0.004(6) * Correspondence author (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com)


In recent years, a wide range of novel smart soft active materials have been developed, and the applications of soft active materials now have covered various important fields including aerospace, automobile, telecommunications, and so forth. This talk mainly focuses on recent progresses on Soft Active Polymers such as Shape Memory Polymer (SMP), Electro-Active Polymer (EAP) and their nanocomposites, as well as the applications Firstly, the recent advances in synthesis of novel epoxy-based SMP, styrene-based SMP, cyanate ester-based SMP, polyurethane-based SMP, design and characterization of SMP composites (SMPCs) filled with nickel chains, short carbon fiber, carbon nanotube chains, carbon nanopaper, and so on, are summarized in this work. The SMP driven approaches, including heat, electricity, light, magnetic field, microwave, water and solvent have been introduced. In addition, a detailed overview of the recent progresses of SMPCs used in the space deployable structures (i.e. SMPC hinge, truss and frame) was proposed in this research. The fabrication of morphing structures and smart mandrels using shape memory polymers was also studied. For the sake of reducing the dynamic vibration structure, some adaptive structures such as macro fiber composite (MFC) actuators were introduced. Then several multifunctional nanocomposites such as electrospun nafion nanofibers, self-heating fiber reinforced polymer composite were proposed, as well as their applications. Finally, the mechanical behaviors of shape memory polymer and its composite such as post bucking behaviors of SMPC and mechanism of multi-shape memory effect of SMP were also researched for their better applications.


A cytochrome c (Cyt c)-modified glass nanopore sensing platform was constructed to sensitively detect glucose in single cells based on changes in the ionic current rectification (ICR) of the system. A difference in glucose content between single H8 and HeLa cells in their satiety or starvation states was clearly able to be detected using this method.


Under the globalization background,localization has become a hot topic in the academia.By re-studying the concept of localization in education policy science from the system of research methods of localization, this paper puts forward the concepts of local localization and subject localization on the basis of traditional thinking about national localization,and discusses the development trend of research methods of localization of education policy.


be assumed that E. histolytica is the cause of the symptoms without the use of specific tests and other explanations should also be considered/. The prevalence of E. histolyticalE, dispar in community studies of northeast Brazil has ranged from 20 to 24% with 10% of these infections due to E. histolytica5,6 . In Aracaju, 17% of primary school students and 24.1% of children under 8 years of age are positive for E. histolytica] E. disparl . Our findings thus confirm that the prevalence of E. histolyticalE. dispar is relatively low in our setting and that the vast majority of these infections are due to E. dispar . Similar prevalence rates using ELISA antigen detection have been reported in Africa'', The differentiation of E. histolytica and E. dispar is important as the risk of developing symptoms of amoebiasis often prompts practitioners to treat patients'', This differentiation is not easy in tropical areas as reliance on light microscopy alone for detection of E. histolytica infections in humans has a low sensitivity and specificity and should no longer be appropriate1,3,lO,ll. More reliable tests such as culture, immunoadsorption (Enzymeba Test)!', ELISA, polymerase chain reaction and isoenzyme electrophoresia'Jr 'f are expensive or rarely available in clinical settings in the tropics. The ELISA for example, is rapid, sensitive and specific? but has the major drawback of its cost at around £6 per test which compares unfavourably with the £2 required for light microscopy and treatment with metronidazole. We have demonstrated that this low-income population rarely carry pathogenic amoebae. The frequent use of anti-amoebic treatment on the basis of non-specific symptoms and the findings of light microscopy tests is not justified. Improved methods for the specific diagnosis of E. histolytica infection using technologies appropriate for developing countries are urgently needed.


This article reviews complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) based physically unclonable functions (PUFs) in terms of types,
structures, metrics, and challenges. The article reviews and classifies the
most basic PUF types. The article reviews the basic variations originated during a
metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process. Random
variations at transistor level lead to acquiring
unique properties for electronic chips. These variations help a PUF system to
generate a unique response. This article discusses various concepts which allow
for more variations at CMOS technology, layout, masking, and design levels. It
also discusses various PUF related topics.


Objective To investigate the quantity and function of T lymphocytes subsets in preoperation and postoperation of patients with gastric cancer and subsequently,to consider the mechanism of association between postoperative infection and variation of cellular immunity.Methods The Ts function and T lymphocytes subsets level were detected respectively by 3H-TdR and direct immunofluorescence technique in 38 patients with gastric cancer.And the results of different time points were compared.Results The Ts function of patients with gastric cancer,whether preoperation or postoperation was remarkably higher than that of the normal(P0.01),however,no significant difference was seen between the preoperation and postoperation(P0.05),the Ts function bore a parallel relationship to the level of CD3,CD8(P0.05) and a straight negative relationship with the level of CD4, CD4/CD8(P0.001).There was a significant decrease in CD3 and CD4 level in preoperation of patients with gastric cancer in comparison with that of the normal (P0.01).The level of CD8 was slightly above the normal value,but unremarkable (P0.05).The CD4/CD8 was significantly depressed(P0.001).After surgical removal of tumor,the level of CD3 increased slightly (P0.05),and the downward trends appeared in the CD4 level (P0.05) and the smallest level occurred in 6~8 days postoperatively.The CD8 level increased slightly,however,the CD4/CD8 was depressed at beginning of postoperation,followingly increased.All of these variation were restored to the level of preoperation and to normal gradually.The study on association between postoperative infection and variation of TH showed that the rate of infection was 43.5% in the patients with CD4 depression and 13.3% in CD4 increassion in 2~3 days postoperatively.Conclusion The cellular immunity is significantly low in patients with gastric cancer and diminish gradually as the illness progresses.The surgical removal of tumor is favourable for restoration of the immune function,but the surgical lesion can result in some degree of immune suppression.The detection of T lymphocytes subsets and Ts function is of clinical significance for supplementaring diagnosis,monitoring patients condition,forecasting postoperative infection, guiding treatment and observing effectiveness in patients with gastric cancer.


This article presents a case study for a strategic plan developed using a megaplanning model approach, as well as the balanced scorecard proposal, for a company that produces processed foods in the southern state of Sonora in Mexico. The strategic planning process began with the ratification of the business mission and vision in an internal analysis of the company with the help of its employees in a dynamic participatory workshop in which they discussed perceived strengths and weaknesses. The next step was to perform the external analysis of the environment surrounding the company. Both analyses of the SWOT matrix immediately identified strategic objectives and strategies, as well as the scorecard, and concluded with a project proposal. The most significant results fall under the scope of two key strategies. The first regards innovation in business models; and the second, the expansion into new markets, which, along with the organization's philosophy, guides the future of the company. The main lessons learned are presented in the developmental stages of this case study, so it is important to emphasize that a special development in the results section, which can be useful for similar studies using the proposed methodology, be carried out. Finally, a strategic planning–oriented approach focusing on megaplanning represents a vision on how to add value to society, seeking to create interest among stakeholders to meet performance indicators that have a positive impact on the communities where the company is located.


Information retrieval can be made more efficient and more cost effective if the users were better informed about what to expect and what preliminary information they need to supply in order to receive the best possible results.


The present work is the second part of a pair of papers, considering Hybrid Discontinuous Galerkin methods with relaxed H(div)-conformity. The first part mainly dealt with presenting a robust analysis with respect to the mesh size h and the introduction of a reconstruction operator to restore divergence-conformity and pressure robustness (pressure independent velocity error estimates) using a modified force discretization. The aim of this part is the presentation of a high order polynomial robust analysis for the relaxed H(div)-conforming Hybrid Discontinuous Galerkin discretization of the two dimensional Stokes problem. It is based on the recently proven polynomial robust LBB-condition for BDM elements, Lederer and Schöberl (IMA J. Numer. Anal. (2017)) and is derived by a direct approach instead of using a best approximation Céa like result. We further treat the impact of the reconstruction operator on the hp analysis and present a numerical investigation considering polynomial robustness. We conclude the paper presenting an efficient operator splitting time integration scheme for the Navier–Stokes equations which is based on the methods recently presented in Lehrenfeld and Schöberl (Comp. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 307 (2016) 339–361) and includes the ideas of the reconstruction operator.


Starting with the background of quickening Chinese city development,the author,in this article applies business CI theory to city management,probes into basic thinking of the construction of city images from the three aspects of MI,BI and VI,and raises that the construction of city CI should form management thoughts of modern city.


To protect the security of energy supplies, China is building a national strategic petroleum reserve (SPR). Here we present a dynamic programming model to determine the optimal drawdown strategies for SPR under various scenarios, focusing on minimizing cost. In a natural disaster scenario, the optimal strategy is rapid drawdown of ~10% of the reserve to stabilize oil prices and ease supply shortages. In a financial crisis scenario, the optimal strategy is to quickly stockpile to take advantage of low oil prices and reduce the total reserve cost. In an armed conflict scenario, the optimal strategy is sustained rapid drawdown of ~30% of the SPR to ensure oil supply security. Although the model has made some assumptions, it provides a methodologically robust indicator for studying optimal SPR strategies in China for potential oil supply shortages.


Maritime security and disaster response are critical for many nations to address the vulnerability of their sea lanes, ports, and harbours to a variety of illegal activities as well as to prevent, minimize, and respond to environmental and human disasters. With increasing volume of spatio-temporal data available from systems like the Automatic Identification System, satellite, marine radar, and other sources it is increasingly problematic to analyze this enormous volume of data. This work builds on the state-of-the art in spatio-temporal anomaly detection by proposing a representation framework for spatio-temporal data, providing a software implementation as an API, and evaluating it. The aim of the framework is to represent spatio-temporal data using abstract concepts to describe motion over time in order to concisely represent high level abstract motion behaviours. The framework is generic and can be applied to any type of spatio-temporal data, but the focus is on the maritime domain.


AIM: The role of external-signal regulated kinaseⅠ/Ⅱ(ERKⅠ/Ⅱ) in the induction and maintenance of spinal long-term potentiation(LTP) is evaluated.METHODS: The C-fiber evoked field potentials were recorded at the superficial layers of spinal dorsal horn at the lumbar enlargement.RESULTS:(1) PD98059(100 μmol/L) or SL327(200(μmol/L)),a selective MEK inhibitor,completely blocked LTP induction when applied at 30 min prior to tetanic stimulation.(2) PD98059 or SL327 reversed spinal LTP in a time-dependent manner.At 15 min after LTP induction,PD98059(100 μmol/L) or SL327(200 μmol/L) reversed LTP completely,and at 30 min after LTP induction,the inhibitory rate of spinal LTP inhibited by PD98059 or SL327 was 62.5% and 75.0%, respectively.At 1 h after LTP induction,however,the same concentration of PD98059 or SL327 did not affect the spinal LTP.CONCLUSION: Activation of ERKⅠ/Ⅱ in spinal dorsal horn may be crucial for the induction and the early-phase maintenance of LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials.


The Skipper-CCDs, a special type of charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor that features sub-electron readout noise levels, was proposed decades ago. However, only in recent years it has been possible to develop large size Skipper-CCDs ensuring stable operation. Their extreme low noise operation makes them suitable for experiments that require low thresholds and high energy resolution, such as dark matter and neutrino interactions detection, and more recently quantum-imaging and astronomy. New experiments are planning to use kilograms of active silicon from Skipper-CCDs as sensitive mass. In this way, they can achieve extremely low detection thresholds and a high probability of particle interaction. However, this approach needs arrays of thousands of Skipper- CCDs operating at the same time imposing challenging requirements. Also, introduction of this technology in astronomy and quantum-imaging applications requires a large number of channels per sensor to speed up the readout. The front-end needs to be redesigned from scratch: it must achieve low noise performance, be simple for easy integration and allow the routing of thousands of channels out of the sensors with minimal connections. This paper presents a detailed analysis of options for the front-end electronics and their noise performance. It describes a novel way of using a dual-slope integrator with minimal components to pile up the charge of consecutive readouts of the same pixel in a concept that we call a multi-slope integrator. This reduces drastically the output bandwidth, simplifying the wiring and the warm electronics. These proposals will allow the generation of new scientific instruments based on Skippers-CCD arrays.


We construct Gepner models in terms of coset conformal field theories and compute their twisted equivariant K-theories. These classify the D-brane charges on the associated geometric backgrounds and therefore agree with the topological K-theories. We show this agreement for various cases, in particular, the Fermat quintic.


The influence of initial liquid film thickness on mean drop size and drop-size distribution was examined using two specially designed airblast atomizers. Both were constructed to produce a flat liquid sheet across the centerline of a two-dimensional air duct with the liquid sheet exposed on both sides to high velocity air. In one case a thin film of uniform thickness was produced by injecting the liquid through a porous plate located just upstream of the atomizing edge. The film thickness, t, was then measured by a needle contact device. In the second design the fuel entered the air stream through a thin slot whose height could be adjusted accurately to vary and control the initial film thickness. Drop sizes were measured by the well-established light-scattering technique. From analysis of the processes involved, and from correlation of the experimental data, it was found that high values of liquid viscosity and liquid flow rate result in thicker films. It was also observed that thinner liquid films produce better atomization, according to the relationship, SMD ∝ t0.38 .


Equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)is an interesting method for changing microstructure and producing ultra fine grained(UFG)materials through super-plastic deformation.The homogeneous deformation is the main factor that influences the material performance during ECAP.Four processing routes are analyzed in detail by using finite element method with spatial switching method through rotating three-dimensional model in multi-pass pressing.The accumulated effective strain distribution of the work-piece processed by ECAP for four pressing routes are obtained respectively through finite element simulation.The processing route that can generate more homogeneous effective's main distribution in sample after four routes processing is defined.The mechanical property of AZ31magnesium alloy processed by multi ECAP passes in different routes was analyzed through microstructure observation and mechanical tensile test at room temperature.The experimental results show that the fine and uniform microstructure can be acquired by appropriate deformation route,the mechanical property of AZ31magnesium alloy is greatly improved when strain accumulation uniform after ECAP processing.


OBJECTIVE
Paravalvular leaks (PVLs) commonly occur in mitral prostheses. Real-time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT-3D TEE) may provide invaluable information about complex 3D anatomy of mitral PVLs compared to two-dimensional (2D) TEE findings. We, herein, aimed to evaluate the detailed description of anatomical characteristics of severe mitral PVLs using RT-3D TEE.

METHODS
Patients with diagnosis of severe mitral PVLs were simultaneously examined with 2D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), 2D TEE, and RT-3D TEE. 3D characteristics of PVLs (localization, number, size, shape, etc.) were recorded and compared to 2D findings. Results were also compared with surgical findings.

RESULTS
The study comprised 47 cases (3 bioprosthesis, 44 mechanical) with 61 severe mitral PVLs. The most common PVL localizations were anterolateral commissure, posteromedial commissures and posterolateral region. The mean PVL width measured by 2D TEE was 3.1±1.3 (range; 2-7) mm and the mean width of defect measured by 3D TEE was 3.1±1.1 (range; 2-7) mm (p=0.7). The mean length of defect measured by 3D TEE was 11.1±6.5 mm. The most common defect type was 'oval/round' shaped (n=29; 48%). There were also 19 'crescentic' (31%), 9 'slit like' (15%), and 2 tunnel-like shaped defects. In 22 patients, the site and dimension of the PVLs were all confirmed surgically.

CONCLUSION
RT-3D TEE permits detailed structural evaluation of the prosthesis and description of paravalvular leak morphology compared to 2D TEE. It may provide more accurate information to the clinician in decision making and may contribute to the success of the potential corrective procedures.


Starting from morphology and equipment, a synthetic method able to provide indicators representing the ports' performances was setup. The knowledge background, built on cartography, statistical data, port master plans and sectorial researches, required important efforts in terms of integration and homogenisation. The method's development is based on a survey of the Mediterranean basin, progressively identifying a sample of ports by additive selection criteria, including geographical location, the layout's morphology, traffic typologies and consistent data availability. A set of indicators characterising the ports' performances allows benchmarking and matching to derive useful design and operational feedback. The achieved results include homogeneous indicators for dimensions, equipment and performances, useful for design and planning purposes, operational checks, identification of bottlenecks and project needs. The extension of the sample (39 case studies in the Mediterranean basin) encompasses the values of results, exposed in thematic maps and diagrams dealing with wharfs' extension vs. sea depth and basin surface, average length of route, the docks' density, ship turnover rates, productivity index, docks utilisation and approaching time. Moreover, the global operational capacity and the related present utilisation rate was calculated, taking into account the internal routes' network, compatibility among routes, manoeuvring times and distribution of traffic by route.


Objective: To observe the effects of enalapril on the expression of angiotensinⅡ(ANGⅡ),protein kinase Cα(PKCα) and bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7) in renal tubules of diabetic rats,and to investigate it's regulatory mechanism to BMP-7.Methods: SD rats were divided into control group(group C),diabetic group(group D) and diabetic enalapril-treated group(group E).Diabetic model was established by injecting STZ through vena caudalis.Blood glucose(BG),serum creatinine(Scr),24 hours urine protein(UP) and kidney index were detected in 12 weeks.Expressions of PKCα,ANGⅡ,and FN protein in renal tubules of all groups were detected with immunohistochemistry methods.The mRNA levels of BMP-7 and PKCα in renal cortex were tested with RT-PCR.Results: The levels of BG,Scr,and UP,and kidney indexes were higher significantly in group D than those in group C.The expression of PKCα protein and mRNA,ANGⅡand FN protein in renal tubular cells were also increased obviously and BMP-7 mRNA decreased remarkably in group D than those in group C.In group E,the increased parameters mentioned above except BG were significantly lower than those in group D,but BMP-7 mRNA was up-regulated notably.Conclusions: Enalapril can partially inhibiting ANGⅡproduction,and to promote endogenous BMP-7 expression by reducing activation of PKCα,by which enalapril can relieve diabetic nephropathy.


Between 1st – 9th September 2014, Oxford Archaeology East carried out an evaluation on land south of Higham Road, Burton Latimer, Northamptonshire (SP 904 738). A total of 25 40m-long trenches were opened. Archaeology was uncovered on the western half of site, with Roman pits and a limestone constructed building being recorded. The building was circular in plan with evidence of significant burning during its demolition. The location and quality of the building would suggest that it was a Romano-British temple.


Part 1 The conservation of energy: conservation laws gravitational energy kinetic energy units length, mass, weight and energy conservation laws and human freedom heat energy the conservation of energy and the limited lifetime of the world reactions to possible violations of the conservation of energy. Part 2 The second law of thermodynamics (increase of disorder in the world): reversible and irreversible phenomena states of a system and probability of configurations mechanical energy and heat the irreversible flow of heat doing work with heat entropy and order resistance to the implications of the Second Law the Second Law applied to human society the Second Law used to refute the theory of evolution. Part 3 The relativity of time: relativity in brief science leading to the theory of relativity - abolition of absolute space and time Einstein's approach to science the influence of the theory of relativity on literature relativity and sculpture. Part 4 The wave-particle duality of nature (quantum theory): waves the photoelectric effect the double-slit experiment the role of the observer and the nature of reality quantum physics and language the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the demise of determinism in science determinism, causality, and choice in the quantum world. Appendices: a review of some basic mathematics the Second Law of thermodynamics and the behaviour of systems with large numbers of molecules.


This study examined Iranian EFL learners' preferences regarding oral Corrective Feedback (CF) in a TOEFL speaking course. A 30-item questionnaire was administered to 32 participants in a TOEFL preparation course to elicit EFL learners' views concerning their CF expectations. The results showed that based on the nature and objective of the course, students cared about their accuracy while fluency for these students was of secondary importance. Therefore, CF was regarded as crucial and necessary by the participants and they considered their grammatical errors as the most important one to be corrected followed by vocabulary and pronunciation errors. In terms of CF type, explicit and delayed corrective feedback were the most preferred error correction forms. Furthermore, males preferred their teacher to correct them, females favored self-correction and peer correction more than males. Finally, it can be concluded Attitudes to different feedback types and types of errors that they prefer to be corrected were mostly affected by the nature and the objective of the tasks and the course in general.


Comparative study of meaning is a kind of inter-lingual comparison by which we can search for the universal law of word meaning development of natural language. The paper discusses the semantic development of ten Chinese words on the basis of comparison with other languages.


A wideband tunable dual loop Optoelectronic Oscillator based on a single-bandpass microwave photonic filter and a recirculating delay line is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A tunable frequency range from 10.23 to 26.69 GHz is obtained.


The water-soluble carbohydrate relative to crude protein (WSC:CP) ratio in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) has been postulated as a useful indicator of nitrogen (N) use efficiency in grazing dairy cows. A mini-sward study was conducted to quantify the effects of defoliation frequency based on leaf stage on the CP fractions and the WSC:CP ratio in perennial ryegrass. Defoliation frequency corresponded to the time taken by ryegrass to develop 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 leaves per tiller. Plant growth dynamics and plant nutritive parameters related to N use efficiency were measured. The results showed that perennial ryegrass plants that were defoliated more frequently had reduced herbage mass accumulation, leaf elongation rate and total lamina length than plants defoliated less frequently in both growth cycles. Extending the defoliation frequency from the one- to five-leaf stage resulted in a decline in WSC content, an increase in CP and buffer soluble CP and a decline in the WSC:CP ratio. Given the defoliation frequencies tested here, we concluded that plants defoliated too frequently have a potential risk of low N efficiency use by grazing animals, due to a low WSC:CP ratio. The best nutritional quality balance occurs when plants were defoliated at the 3.0-leaf stage during the first growth cycle and at the 2.0-leaf stage during the second growth cycle.


Abstract : A 3-port H-plane waveguide junction loaded coaxially with various combinations of dielectric and magnetized ferrite cylinders has been analyzed. Using the first 3 modes (n = 0, + or - 1) in the junction, computer programs have been written to evaluate their performance over the waveguide bandwidth. Qualitatively, measured and predicted behavior agree well. For a homogeneous ferrite rod the circulation frequency, f sub o increases as 4piM sub s and internal static field increase and permittivity decreases. These opposing effects also occur when 4piM sub s and epsilon sub r are radially inhomogeneous, but the magnitudes of the effects are functions of position. Reduction of ferrite volume produces an improvement in performance in some structures, and high power applications are suggested. With a thin conducting pin down the center of the ferrite, bandwidths of 40-50% are predicted in X-, C- and S-bands and details of these structures are given. Central pin tolerances are discussed. In some structures without the pin, higher order modes apparently cause discrepancies between theory and experiment, and these are briefly discussed. Complete details are given of two of the computer programs, and the problem of automatic optimization of design is briefly discussed. (Author)


This chapter analyses the construction of communicative family memory in the light of emigration experience. The globalization processes under way adjust mobility scenarios which are influenced by emigration. Mobility and emigration change the habits and methods of communication and relationships among family members. The construction of the family as a collective unit, i.e. of the 'we-ness', happens not only through direct communication but also by means of various alternative communication means. Family memory and its communication demonstrates family solidarity. On the other hand, communication influences family solidarity and family integrity, especially when relationships in the family are determined not only by common practices but also by the communicative family memory. Morgan (2013) ascribes family memory to familial practices. Narratives convey the experience of family or kin members and behavioral patterns. The communicative family memory not only contributes to the development of the family memory archive but may also have an impact on life scenarios or behavioral models irrespective of political, economic and social contexts in which the life experiences had developed. The communicative family memory, when constructed in the light of emigration experience, may have an impact on the solidarity of the family and the continuity of family memory. Family memory requires to be supplemented and updated with new knowledge. The need to be interested in family memory is encouraged by various reasons, including emigration experience. Memory studies allow to determine the ways of constructing family memory and its traditions. Two components are important in the construction of family memory: information channels and the contents of information being communicated. Information channels show the relationship among family and kin members, while the contents of the information being communicated shows what family practices in different


The examination of scales, otoliths and length frequency histograms indicates that Etheostoma perlongum is an annual darter. Adults die soon after spawning. Growth is rapid. Darters reach half average adult size between four and eight weeks. Females attain most of their adult size by month 5, and males continue to grow through month 9 (with the exception of "stunted" males in the population). Fertilized eggs are spherical, 1.2 mm in diameter, and hatch between 120 and 168 hours at 20-23 C in aquaria. Laboratory reared larvae show a full complement of 38 myomeres by 4.9 mm SL, and become juvenile by 10.2 mm SL.


Broadband communication using satellites requires use of the Ka-band. Services of this type are now emerging all over the world, some with capacities in excess of 100 Gbps. However, as the radio bandwidth resources become exhausted, high-speed optical communication is required instead. The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) in Japan researches and develops the next generation of space communication technology. A hybrid satellite communication system using radio and optical frequencies is being studied. Here, the research and development activities of NICT are introduced, along with the concept of the hybrid high-throughput satellite communication system.


It was towards the end of last year while preparing an address to the Women's Conference of the Law Society of the Northern Province that I recalled my personal journey into the legal profession and my first interaction with President Mandela.


Let $M$ be a closed connected $C^\infty$ Riemannian manifold whose
geodesic flow $\phi$ is Anosov. Let $\theta$ be a smooth 1-form on $M$. Given $\lambda\in \mathbb R$
small, let $h_{E L}(\lambda)$ be the topological entropy of the Euler-Lagrange flow of the Lagrangian

$L_\lambda (x, v) =\frac{1}{2}|v|^2_x-\lambda\theta_x(v),$

and let $h_F(\lambda)$ be the topological entropy of the geodesic flow of the Finsler metric,

$F_\lambda(x, v) = |v|_x-\lambda\theta_x(v),$

We show that $h_{E L}''(0) + h''_F(0) = h^2$Var$(\theta)$, where Var$(\theta)$ is the variance of $\theta$
with respect to the measure of maximal entropy of $\phi$ and $h$ is the topological
entropy of $\phi$. We derive various consequences from this formula.


A paper is dedicated to a special isolated DC/DC converter with active rectifier which in cooperation with an improved active snubber ensures the soft switching of all transistor switches in full load range. Gradually in the paper, at first analysis of proposed isolated DC/DC converter with active rectifier topology is done, and then the proposed active snubber topology is analyzed. At the end, a comprehensive verification of proposed complete topology operation is done by presentation of results of converter model measurements.


In the paper we discuss the programming methods of CAM system.It is from the CAD drawing direct gain graph information,through automatic suitably matches the cutting tool,forms CAM,produces the NC code,transmits to the numerical control punch press,has realized CAD and the CAM integration to the TP80 numerical control hydraulic punch press.The author has produced the concrete realization method and the technical main point in the article,this method is easy to realize,the speed is quick,is suitable for each kind of CAM system development.


Summary form only given. Silver is a the best conductor, but silver powders are very difficult to disperse well because of high density (10.49 g/cm3) and strong van der Waals force (hamaker constant~40*10-20J). In order to disperse silver powders in organic solvent, insulating polymeric dispersants should be used to create enough steric hindrance between silver powders. However, in order to maintain the conductivity of silver dispersion after sintering, the dosage of polymeric dispersants should be used as less as possible. It's a conflict between stability and conductivity for silver dispersion system. In the study, we have successfully fabricated a highly stable conductive silver nanoparticle-based ink (Dave~60 nm) for inkjet printing through formulating a novel lab-synthesized dispersant, Ag nano-powders, an organic ECO solvent. Based on the characterization of thermogravimetry analysis, viscometer, surface tension analyzer, and dynamic light scattering, the silver nanoparticle-based ink shows a high silver content of 75wt%, a high uniformity of D90/Dave~2.5, a viscosity of >20000 cps at 25°C, and tunable surface tension from 25-35 dyne/cm. Moreover, the ink can be directly loaded in screen printer to pattern fine conductive line on FR-4 or flexible PI. After baking at 170°C for 30min, the conductive patterns perform a line width of 4 mil, a low resistivity of 5 μΩ-m (only 3 times than pure silver) and a good peel adhesion of class 5; Most important, the printed line can't breakdown when a high voltage of 30V is applied (breakdown voltage for 4mil copper trace on PCB is 60V, and breakdown voltage for all of commercial PCB-repaired silver pastes are below to 15 V), indicating the silver paste and screen print process can be applied for PCB trace pattern and repair.


In the processing of seismic data, the matching of datasets acquired with different acquisition parameters is often required. Such matching is difficult when surveys have significantly different bandwidths and/or different lateral spatial resolution. Conventional, linear, matching filters used to crossequalise such datasets either reduce the bandwidth and lateral resolution of both to a lowest common denominator, or significantly enhance the noise level by amplifying temporal or spatial components that are not properly represented in the input data.


1 Responses to (±)‐isoprenaline (Iso), (−)‐adrenaline (Adr) and (−)‐noradrenaline (NA) were compared in isolated preparations of human and porcine lung parenchyma strip. 2 The order of relaxant potencies of these catecholamines in both human and porcine lung parenchyma was Iso > Adr > NA (1:0.24:0.01, human; 1:0.21:0.01, pig). These results suggest that β2‐adrenoceptors predominate in both types of lung parenchyma strip. 3 pA2 values for the β‐adrenoceptor antagonist, propranolol (non‐selective), with Iso as the agonist, in human and porcine lung strips were 7.84 and 7.83 respectively and for atenolol were 6.50 and 5.35 respectively. Taken as a whole, results indicate the existence of an apparently homogeneous population of β2‐adrenoceptors in porcine parenchyma strip, while both β1 and β2‐adrenoceptors were revealed in human lung parenchyma.


This chapter investigates a long-standing puzzle in the economic history of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: why do MENA's native non-Muslim minorities have better socioeconomic (SES) outcomes than the Muslim majority, both historically and today? Focusing on the case of Coptic Christians in Egypt, the largest non-Muslim minority in absolute number in the region, and employing a wide range of novel archival data sources, the chapter argues that Copts' superior SES can be explained neither by Islam's negative impact on Muslims' SES (where Islam is defined as a set of beliefs or institutions) nor by colonization's preferential treatment of Copts. Instead, the chapter traces the phenomenon to self-selection on SES during Egypt's historical conversion from Coptic Christianity to Islam in the aftermath of the Arab Conquest of the then-Coptic Egypt in 641 CE. The argument is that the regressivity-in-income of the poll tax on non-Muslims (initially all Egyptians) that was imposed continuously from 641 to 1856 led to the shrinkage of (non-convert) Copts into a better-off minority. The Coptic-Muslim SES gap then persisted due to group restrictions on access to white-collar and artisanal skills. The chapter opens new areas of research on non-Muslim minorities in the MENA region and beyond.


e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Creating a favorable innovation climate, expanding the influence of science on business, intensifying research developments to create innovative products and breakthrough technologies, strengthening Russia's position in the global market are priority areas of government policy and are reflected in the state Program of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. The coordinating role in the integrated triad of the science-business state belongs to the state, which by creating conditions of innovative attractiveness of scientific developments will contribute to the creation of an effective system of innovative relationships, attracting to finance private business, foreign investment, creation of public-private partnership. This scientific paper is dedicated to researching the possibility of evaluating the effectiveness of innovative interaction of the science-business state. Statistics on the results of research and the results of their implementation into the practical activities of business communities were used as an information base. A comprehensive system of indicators of the effectiveness of innovative interaction has been developed; A methodology for determining integral indicators has been proposed; Integrated indicators have been substantiated and calculated to assess the effectiveness of innovation in the context of the problem at hand. A trend analysis of the dynamics of integral indicators with the construction of linear and non-linear polynomial models has been performed. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of a methodology and methodology for determining integral indicators to assess the effectiveness of innovative interactions of the science-business state and the possibility of using the results of the study to assess the effectiveness of innovative interaction in different sectors of the economy


Digital computers came into being after the Second World War. After a period of use solely in scientific and military areas, business perceived that this technological innovation could be very useful. The large, expensive equipment was very limited in terms of the information it could process and store, in addition to the restricted number of users who could access them simultaneously or from remote locations. Both the training and vision of professionals in the area of what was then called "data processing" was eminently technical. Thus, the early applications were developed to resolve well-structured problems, i.e., those whose stages and sequences were well-defined, such as payroll, stock control, and accounts due and received. Technology evolved and by the end of the 1970s, there were a number of alternative uses for computers and basic applications had been installed in the large companies. At that point, specialists began discussing a way to use IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING


BACKGROUND
Glaucoma is characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of vision due to damage to the optic nerve. If left untreated it can lead to complete blindness. The management of glaucoma involves controlling the disease process to minimize the damage to the optic nerve, an essential part of which is early diagnosis and early treatment. The symptoms develop so slowly that unless the patient is aware and has knowledge about the disease, its early diagnosis is very difficult. Heightened public awareness about glaucoma may increase the chance of identifying undetected cases early. We wanted to assess the awareness and knowledge about glaucoma in patients coming to ophthalmology OPD of a tertiary care hospital in this study.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study conducted for one month among patients aged 18 years and above. A total of 205 patients were randomly selected from the ophthalmology OPD. A questionnaire was given to each patient and the responses were noted. Based on the responses given by the patients for each question, scores were given, and a conclusion was drawn. It was cross analysed with the patient's demographic data.
RESULTS
Among the subjects, 109 (53.17 %) were males and 96 (46.8 %) were females. Out of 205 subjects, only 144 (70.2 %) subjects had heard of the term glaucoma. There were statistically significant differences between different age groups and their awareness of glaucoma (P < 0.001). Yet only 33.9 % had accurate knowledge of the disease.
CONCLUSIONS
Awareness and knowledge of glaucoma are low. An efficient strategy needs to be designed to increase the awareness and knowledge levels of glaucoma.


A director of nursing at a large and well respected teaching trust recently admitted that student nurses were being used to replace other staff (news September 4). This director of nursing will undoubtedly be criticised for her admission, but I admire her - not for her trust's failure to protect its most vulnerable nursing staff, but for her honesty.


The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) aims to enhance the security of cardholder data and is required when cardholder data or authentication data are stored, processed or transmitted. The implementation of enabling processes from COBIT 5 can complement compliance to PCI DSS. COBIT 5 assists enterprises in governance and management of enterprise IT and, at the same time, supports the need to meet security requirements with supporting processes and management activit ies. This paper provid es analysis of mapping of COBIT 5 supporting processes to PCI DSS 3.0 security requirements. It also presents domains which support the simultaneous application of COBIT 5 and PCI DSS 3.0 which would help create collaborations within the enterprise.


Abstract BACKGORUND. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a major health problem. The complications of this condition decrease the quality of life. Patients with OSAS present an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases: arterial hypertension, heart failure, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The patients included in the study were divided into 4 groups, depending on the value of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): Control Group A with AHI<5; Group B – mild apnea, 530. AHI and heart rate at different sleep stages were correlated. RESULTS. 133 patients were analyzed. The average age was 47 years±15 years, and the gender distribution shows women 21.1% and men 78.9%. The average value of oxygen saturation was 90.45±4.99%. The average value of heart rate during sleep was 104±67.7 beats/minute. The heart rate was variable depending on the sleep stage, with p = 0.0089 regardless of the sleep stage. CONCLUSION. It can be argued that sleep apnea is a factor that interferes with the adaptive mechanisms of heart rate during sleep. Polysomnographic evaluation of sleep stages and clinical examination of patients with OSAS allow the initiation of treatments to prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.


Therefore, one important future challenge for software developers is to make optimization tools more accessible and more easily used by practitioners, but without compromising the rigor of use that is required to achieve valid results. The anticipated increase in adoption of optimization tools has the potential to bring substantial benefits not only to architects and building engineers but also to the users and owners of buildings, and thereby address wider economic and sustainability concerns.


Prolonged confinement in the wake of COVID-19 with an uncertainty about future has both epidemiological as well as psychological implications. This online survey was conducted from 8th to 30th May 2020 to identify impact of ongoing lockdown in India on day-to-day activities, stress and health status of age group of 18-25 years (Young adults). A questionnaire was developed based on activities of young adults and was circulated using social media with snowball technique. Responses received were analyzed to identify participants responding that they are stressful versus those who denied experiencing stress. 3602 responses received, 1620 (44.9%) affirmed that they were under stress, 1982 (55.0%) felt no stress. Those with stress had concern about health of family members than their own health and were more angry, anxious, restless, had mood swings and irritability; had change in eating habits, sleep, difficulty to concentrate and were more worried about future. Those with no stress had higher percentage attending classes, self-study, reading books and exercise/yoga and lesser reporting playing games on mobile phone. It cannot be determined if these are the determinants or symptoms of less stress but the association is interesting and can also be useful activities in non-lockdown phases. Activity missed most was meeting friends (85.8%); least was college/work being in 5.3% participants.


A 55-year-old Indian male presented with a one week history of rapid deterioration of vision in his right eye. He described it as loss of vision starting from the periphery which eventually encroached on his central vision as well. His visual acuity (VA) on presentation was no light perception in the right eye and 6/6 in the left eye. The patient was later revealed to be positive for human immunodeficiency virus, but had defaulted on treatment. He was found to have a cluster of differentiation (CD4) count of less than 50.


The thermal performance of multilayer insulation hlankets depends on three (interacting) modes of energy transfer: radiation between the radiation shields, gas conduction in the residual interstitial gas and solid conduction via the contacting interfaces. The contribution of the gas conduction depends on the interstitial gas and its pressure, that are determined mainly by the temperature dependent outgassing of the shield and spacer materials. Special attention has been given to the actual problems of the insulation of the storage of cryogenic licpiids in vessels, the insulation of black boxes from space environment and the effect of gas sources surroimded by multilayer insulation. The results indicate that perforation of the shields reduces the insulation properties of a blanket considerably. Hence for cryogenic storage non-perforated shields are to be preferred. In space cutted shields are to be preferred, because they allow fast depressurisation without impairing the radiation properties.


Abstract In 2011 a burial was disturbed during work in Salisbury, a northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia (SA). Subsequent archaeological excavation revealed a male human interment in a deep alluvial context with a number of unusual characteristics, including a bone point and several 'binding' hearths. A sample of femoral bone was submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating and bone collagen stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. Dating determined that the burial was relatively recent (380±30 BP), contemporary with proposed shifts in the Kaurna's economic systems when 'mound sites' were inhabited, that is, over the past 1500 years. Stable isotope results indicated the individual consumed a distinct diet based on terrestrial foods, with an absence of marine protein. The location, mode and stratigraphic context of the burial, coupled with the stable isotope results, suggest this individual had a different diet to contemporary Kaurna men. The ethnographic record and knowledge provided by traditional owners suggested that his diet may have been connected to his status and position within Kaurna society as a 'medicine man' or 'sorcerer'.


A discussion of potential markets for shale oil showed that: the shale oil will come from modified in-situ retorting; the nitrogen content of approx. 1.5% can be reduced by blending with crude oils so that technology is available from the refining of California crudes containing up to 0.7% nitrogen; shale oil will have a transportation advantage only in the Rocky Mountain/Kansas area; upgrading of shale oil will be performed at the refinery at an incremental refining cost of about $2.50/bbl in 1977 dollars; changing market demands by 1985 will favor the high distillate yields obtained from shale oil; the highest value of shale oil would result from its use as a 1% sulfur boiler fuel, provided emission restrictions permit such fuel to be burned. The high risk, capital-intensive nature of the first shale oil plants and the unlikely prospect for shale oil in the petrochemical market are also discussed.


AIMS
Dexamethasone-induced hypertension models have been used to study the mechanisms of glucocorticoid induced hypertension, but the role of glucocorticoids in central cardiovascular regulation is not clearly understood. In the present study, we investigated the sites associated with dexamethasone-induced hypertension in the central nervous system in rats. We further investigated whether glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) was effective for dexamethasone-induced hypertension.

MAIN METHODS
Male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with saline or dexamethasone (0.03mg/kg/day, s.c) for 10 days. GLP-2 (60 μg/kg, i.v.) was given to rats after dexamethasone treatment. We measured systolic blood pressure by a tail-cuff method in conscious rats, and arterial blood pressure in anesthetized rats. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to detection of the c-fos protein (Fos).

KEY FINDINGS
Fos-immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) was higher in dexamethasone-treated rats than in saline-treated rats. However, Fos-IR in the infralimbic cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus was similar in saline-treated and dexamethasone-treated rats. Peripheral administration of GLP-2 reduced mean arterial blood pressure by 26%. After the peripheral administration of GLP-2, Fos-IR in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) increased in dexamethasone-treated rats.

SIGNIFICANCE
Chronic dexamethasone treatment induced Fos-IR in the DMH. Peripheral administration of GLP-2 suppressed dexamethasone-induced hypertension in rats by enhancing inhibitory neuronal activity.


Remote-sensing measurements of a hole-punch cloud or fall-streak hole are presented. The cloud was observed with a vertically pointing infrared ceilometer, Doppler lidar, sky camera and a polarimetric radar inclined at 45 degrees. The Doppler lidar and polarimetric radar observations show that the aircraft-induced fall streak was composed primarily of oriented thick plate crystals, and the vertical Doppler velocities suggest that vertical mixing may have been triggered by the large flux of ice into the dry air at the base of the virga.


In this paper, we study the singularity loci of a special class of spherical three-degree-of-freedom parallel manipulators. The concise analytical expressions describing the singularity loci are obtained in the joint and in the Cartesian spaces by using the direct and inverse kinematic solutions of these manipulators, respectively. As mentioned elsewhere, there are three different types of singularities for parallel manipulators, each having a different physical interpretation. These types are considered and it is shown that, for the manipulators considered here, the three types of singularities coincide. Moreover, for the two types of manipulators studied here, there are only four singular configurations in the Cartesian space. In addition, the three-dimensional graphical representations of the singularity loci in the joint and in the Cartesian spaces are illustrated. The description of the singular configurations provided here has great significance for robot trajectory planning and control.


This paper updates an earlier paper on the use of cloud computing in database curriculum. That paper described a curricular initiative in cloud computing initially intended to keep our information technology (IT) curriculum at the forefront of technology and to give students the flexibility to work at any location, not just our labs. Currently, our IT degrees offer extensive database concentrations at both the undergraduate (BS-IT) and graduate (MS-IT) levels. This paper reports on the results of two years of operation using a cloud provider for lab exercises in our Database Architecture and Implementation course. It discusses the benefits gained and concludes with an overview of a new cloud deployment strategy that improves disaster planning for our curricular infrastructure and provides an extension to another campus. We discuss how the Cloud Vendor Selection Model, proposed in our previous paper, shows the ways in which the different layers of cloud services interact with each other. Plus we show how the different categories of cloud users in this model can be supported by different educational tools to meet course objectives. Finally, we discuss the various issues and challenges that we have experienced when implementing cloud solutions in an educational environment.


In the two sessions scheduled for this workshop will address the one hand, some activities related to generalization of figural patterns and / or nume ric, as a teaching resource designed to locate elements in the theoretical framework for the analysis of mathematical productions of children and youth around activities like those described above, on the other hand, activities to facilitate and enhance connections between school mathematics concepts associated with numerical thoughts, metric and variational.


This paper seeks to determine empirically the mechanism by which the balance of payments is affected by a currency devaluation. Two theoretical strands in the literature, the elasticity approach and the monetary approach, are contrasted and data relating to 17 parity changes between 1957 and 1969 are used to evaluate the empirical relevance of each. The results are generally more favorable to the monetary approach. In particular it is found that the improvement in the balance of payments due to a devaluation is only temporary and that an excessively expansionary monetary policy may obliterate the improvement entirely.


This study is an analysis of the contribution of urban crop production to household food security in
Warren Park suburb of Harare. The study sought to establish the level of contribution of urban crop
cultivation to household food security. A variety of research techniques were used to gather the
relevant data including in-depth interviews, observations and official data. The results of the study
confirm that urban crop production has a significant contribution to household food security for
those who practice it. The research also identified key challenges faced by people engaged in
urban agriculture and makes recommendations to the government and local authority to fully
support urban agriculture through allocation of land, provide farmer input support and development
of a comprehensive policy framework as well as coming up with relevant legislation.


Development of reliable in vitro culture systems to produce high percentages of viable embryos is instrumental in the application of biotechnologies such as cloning and transgenesis. This is especially true for caprine species in which in vitro technology for embryo culture has been poorly developed. The objective of this study was to compare in vitro development of in vivo fertilized caprine embryos in: a) coculture with caprine oviductal epithelial cells (OEC), b) synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF), or c) medium conditioned by oviductal epithelial cells (CM). In vivo fertilized 1-8 cell caprine embryos collected by oviductal flushing were allocated to treatments and cultured for 4-5 days in vitro. At the end of the culture period, embryonic development was recorded and the number of cells per embryo was determined in lacmoid-stained embryos. A significantly higher percentage of embryos reached the morula/blastocyst stage in coculture compared with those cultured in SOF (75% vs. 41% respectively; P < 0.05) or CM (5.5%); SOF was superior to CM to supporting goat embryo development. Likewise, embryos grown in coculture with OEC had more cells than those cultured in SOF (15.3 vs. 8.1 cells/embryo; P < 0.05). Cell counts were higher in embryos cultured in SOF than those originated from CM. In conclusion, coculture of goat embryos with OEC provided superior conditions to support in vitro development of early-stage goat embryos compared with the other treatments studied.


Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) grains form part of the cultural heritage of Andean countries and have been recognized as a pseudo-cereal with high nutritional value and potential health benefits. Betalains are nitrogenous water-soluble pigments and bioactive molecules that contribute to these health promoting properties. Betalains are restricted in plants to the order Caryophyllales where quinoa belongs. A new family of betalains has been discovered as unconventional decarboxylated pigments here described to accumulate in ripening quinoa grains of fluorescent nature, and putatively based on a dopamine-cleaving activity. This paper describes for the first time the purification and molecular and functional characterization of a 4,5-dopamine-extradiol-dioxygenase enzyme from plants. It is a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 34.5 kDa characterized by chromatography, electrophoresis and TOF mass spectrometry. In quinoa the key enzyme is dual, demonstrated to be involved in a square-shaped biosynthetic pathway towards the formation of carboxylated and decarboxylated pigments. Enzyme kinetic properties are characterized in the production of 6-decarboxy-betalamic acid and DOPA-derived betalamic acid, the two structural units of plant pigment in nature. The profile of multiple betalains present in quinoa grains has been reproduced in one-pot bioreactors containing the novel enzyme and two competing substrates.


1. Dispenser of a liquid product, comprising: - a balloon (8) suitable for containing a liquid product (P) and extending longitudinally (X) between the first and second ends (8a, 8b), - a dispensing head (9) mounted in the second end (8b) cylinder and having an outlet nozzle (3) which can be activated in a longitudinal direction for dispensing of the liquid product, - an outer shell (4) inside which is mounted the cylinder (8) slidably along the longitudinal axis ( X), - a driving part (13) mounted for rotation through the one relative to the outer shell (4) and capable of moving cylinder (8) axially between a storage position in which the discharge nozzle (3) assigned to the outer shell (4), and application position in which the discharge nozzle (3) at least partially protrudes from the outer shell (4), characterized in that the outlet nozzle (3) has an outlet passage (3a), oriented longitudinally, and is suitable for engaging, axially, with a portion (17c), rigidly connected to the outer sheath during activation of the dispensing head in position applied Ia dispenser, and in that the first end (8a) the cylinder is connected to the pusher (2) a drive mechanism (12) suitable for selectively retracting the pusher (2) and outlet nozzle (3) into the outer shell (4) to the storage position and the axial extension of said pusher (2) and outlet nozzle (3) from the outer shell in position primeneniya.2. Dispenser according to claim 1, wherein the first end (8a) fixed to the annular cylinder portion (15) control, centered in the longitudinal direction (X), which comprises at least one helical slot


: Recent three years of geomagnetic data were analyzed using a method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Wavelet Based Semblance Analysis to investigate any geomagnetic variation caused by earthquakes. This method predicts the geomagnetic variation using the PCA analysis of geomagnetic data, then compares the predicted geomagnetic field with the observation of finding any significant residual. Although it is well known that geomagnetic variation is related with earthquake, most analyses have been limited to some specific cases reflecting the correlation. In this study, we analyze seventeen cases of earthquakes that occurred in and around the Korean peninsula from 2009 to 2011 and that show the precursory and co-seismic relation between the earthquakes and geomagnetic variations.


Educational processes can provide both cognitive –knowledge and abilities– and non-cognitive –expectations or attitudes– outcomes. Despite the relevance of the latter, they have frequently been neglected in the Economics of Education literature. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the study of non-cognitive results, by means of the analysis of their determinants; in particular, this study analyses the determinants of the attitude towards school of 15-year-old Spanish students. A bivariate multilevel model is estimated, which simultaneously explains non-cognitive and cognitive achievements, using data from PISA 2009. Results suggest that the determinants of both types of skills may differ. Indeed, home educational resources, academic history, and teacher-student relationships are more influential than socioeconomic status or possession of material resources in explaining students' motivation.


Measurements of the operating characteristics of a 1064 nm pumped potassium titanyl phosphte (KTP) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) were carried out at the Electro Optics Systems Laboratory of Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI). The OPO was developed by Sandia National Laboratories and employs a nonplanar image-rotating geometry that is known by the acronym RISTRA, denoting Rotated Image Singly-Resonant Twisted RectAngle. The OPO was configured for pumping by the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser to generate a signal wavelength at 1627 nm and idler wavelength at 3074 .8 nm. GTRI will be incorporate the OPO into a multi-wavelength lidar platform called the Integrated Atmospheric Characterization System (IACS). Prior to completion of the system design for the IACS platform, personnel at GTRI carried out a series of risk reduction experiments to measure the operating characteristics of the OPO. Sandia's role in this effort included technical assistance with numerical modeling of OPO performance, selection of nonlinear optical crystals, specification of cavity-mirror dielectric coatings, selection of vendors for optical components, and advice concerning integration of the RISTRA OPO into the IACS platform. This report


Specific mechanisms involving conventional crystal fields and excitations to other sites are presented which lead to effective anisotropic orbit-orbit interactions. The method of relativistic operator equivalents then leads to contributions to the Hamiltonian which are not only nonscalar but also spin dependent. A comparison is made between the matrix elements of one-body and two-body operators with the same resultant spin and orbital ranks for f7 and d5 configurations. In a number of cases two-body operators possess matrix elements between spectroscopic terms whereas one-body operators with the same resultant ranks do not.


The second instalment of this study deals with the life of the son of Alvaro de Liano, Henry. An old fashioned Catholic, he shared his father's attachment to the Church of Utrecht ('Roman Catholic Church of the Episcopal Clergy') and nearly to the end of his life stayed in contact with a number of her priests, especial Ch. Karsten, President of the Seminary atAmersfoort. Liano jr. suffered from the political and religious situation in Germany, especially after 1866 when Germany turned into an empire under Prussian and thus Protestant dominion; on the other hand the Ultramontane tendency in the Catholic Church that resulted in the Vatican Council equally appalled him. His theological ideals were represented by French theologians of the 16th and 17th centuries who followed St Augustine (as taught at Louvain and Port-Royal), not by the modem trend of conceptualising theology on the premises of human cognition. For a long time Lia-no supported the Revd Thomas Braun, one of the few German opponents to the dogma of the Immaculate Conception whose writings found some attention in Utrecht, Paris and Italy, and who later joined the Old Catholics; he did this while deprecating some of Braun's more dubious theological ideas. When Liano moved from Protestant Prussia to Catholic Bavaria in 1867 and settled there he came into contact with Dllinger whose opposition to the impending dogma of papal infallibility he appreciated highly and followed it up with some smaller publications of his own. These, however, were hardly noticed in academic theology; even critics of the curialistic party found hard to accept Liano's rigid argumentation and somewhat chiliastic pessimism concerning the Catholic Church and her truth.


In modern Sri Lankan society, caste has become less significant as a marker of social identity and exclusion than was the case in the past. While acknowledging this trend across South Asian societies, the literature does not adequately explain why this is happening. Increasing urbanization, the growing number of inter-caste marriages, the expanding middle class, and the bulging youth population have all been suggested as contributory factors. In rural Sri Lanka, family names are used as identifiers of family and kinship groups within each caste. The people belonging to the "low castes" identified with derogatory village and family names are socially marginalized and stigmatized. Social segregation, marked with family names and traditional caste occupations, makes it difficult for the low-caste people to move up in the class ladder, and socialize in the public sphere. Political and economic development programs helped to improve the living conditions and facilities in low-caste villages, but the lowness of such castes continued to linger in the social fabric. Socially oppressed low-caste youth in rural villages moved to cities and the urban outskirts, found non-caste employment, and changed their names to acaste names. By analyzing newspaper notifications and selected ethnographic material, this article shows how name changes among the Sinhalese have facilitated individualization and socialization by people who change their names to acaste names and seek freedom to choose their own employment, residence, marriage partners, and involvement in activities of wider society—a form of assimilation, in the context of growing urbanization and modernization.


A microfluidic cell-culture chip is presented that enables cultivation and release of selected individual cells. Single cells are trapped in a microfluidic channel using mild suction at defined sites, where they are cultivated under controlled environmental conditions. Cells of interest can be selectively released for further downstream analysis by applying a negative dielectrophoretic force via electrodes located at the trapping sites. The combination of pneumatic and dielectrophoretic methods enables highly versatile single-cell manipulation in an array-based format. Yeast cells have been used to demonstrate and characterize different functions of this platform, which is intended to serve applications in Systems Biology.


In the 1980s, people systematically explored logical thinking in ancient logic thought by applying the comparative research approach of China and the West. The study results and the errors in the course of research led people to realize the ancient Chinese logical thinking includes the ancient logic in many circumstances, howeuer, there is difference between the two concepts, which has laid a solid foundation for the further study of China's logic history.


Objective:To study the specific relevance between lung and large intestine under the pathological condition of constipation.Methods:Establishment of the constipation model and observiaton of the influence on the pathological morphology and the related regulating and controlling material.Results:There is a synchronous pathological change between the model rats' lung and large intestine tissue but no obvious change of the other four organs.There are significant changes of CCK8,CGRP SP,and VIP of the model rats'large intestine and lung tissue(P0.05,P0.01),but there is no significant difference in the heart,liver,spleen and kidney.Conclusion:There is certain specificity of the influence of constipation on the lung.The specific correlation between lung and large intestine may be one of the connotations of 'the interior and exterior relation between lung and large intestine'.


Magnetization transport in a one-dimensional isotropic spin 1/2 Heisenberg model is studied. It is shown that in a nonequilibrium steady state at high temperature and constant small driving the magnetization current depends on the system length L as ∼ 1/L0.5, meaning that the diffusion constant diverges as ∼ L0.5. Spectral properties of a superoperator governing the relaxation towards a nonequilibrium steady state are also discussed.


This paper represent an effective method for removing artifacts & improving signal to noise ratio (SNR) of electroencephalography (EEG).With artifacts it is difficult to analyze a EEG. It is extremely challenging to determine where this artifact added. For this reason it is necessary to design a filter so dual extended kalman filter (DEKF) is used here. This filter is used here for estimating parameters which are going to used in MVAR model. This model is used with brain connectivity measures. for comparative analysis two connectivity measures are used here i.e Partial Directed Coherence (PDC) & Generalized Orthogonalized Partial Directed Coherence (GOPDC).from comparison based on SNR it is proved that GOPDC method have better performance than PDC.


Microalgae can serve as a highly productive biological feedstock for fuels and chemicals. The lipid fraction has been the primary target of research, but numerous assessments have found that valorization of co‐products is essential to achieve economic and environmental goals. The relative proportion of co‐products depends on the biomolecular composition of algae at the time of harvesting. In the present study, the productivity of lipid, starch, and protein fractions were shown through growth experiments to vary widely with species, feeding regime, and harvesting period. Four algae species were cultivated under nitrogen‐replete and ‐deplete conditions and analyzed at 3‐day intervals. Dynamic growth results were then used for life cycle assessment using the US Department of Energy's GREET model to determine optimal growth scenarios that minimize life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, eutrophication, and cumulative energy demand (CED), while aiming for an energy return on investment (EROI) greater than unity. Per kg of biodiesel produced, C. sorokiniana in N‐replete conditions harvested at 12 days was most favorable for GHG emissions and CED, despite having a lipid content of <20%. N. oculata in N‐deplete conditions with a 12‐day harvesting period had the lowest life cycle eutrophication impacts, driven by efficient nutrient cycling and valorization of microalgal protein and anaerobic digester residue co‐products. Results indicate that growth cycle times that maximize a single fraction do not necessarily result in the most favorable environmental performance on a life cycle basis, underscoring the importance of designing biorefinery systems that ‐simultaneously optimize for lipid and non‐lipid fractions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd


Productivity improvements in manufacturing industries are strongly sought after while considering the reduced labor power in developed countries. In response to these needs, a quantified evaluation method of worker's proficiency is key to realizing sophisticated skill developments. In previous studies, worker's proficiency in manufacturing operations was evaluated by the number of products produced per unit time or takt time. Therefore, it is difficult to understand how workers accomplish the manufacturing operations and/or tasks with specific motions and objects derived from the hand, body, and eye movements. To overcome this limitation, we investigated the quantified degree of worker's skills in four elemental processes using methods to evaluate the sophistication level between sensory and motor connectivity in the human brain's information processing. To realize these methods, we conducted a three-month experiment and measured eye and body movements of 20 participants working on a manufacturing line. Our method defines the four elemental processes to show the differences in the degree of worker's proficiency between experts and novices. The quantified evaluation results indicated that expert workers had higher proficiency levels for every elemental process compared with novice workers. These results show the possibility that novices are not as proficient as experts when memorizing correct procedures as they are more likely to discriminate a specific point to accomplish tasks due to immature memory functions within the brain.


Th is article is concerned with results of phenomenographic study in which the meanings of coming out constructed by homosexual males are identi fi ed. Authors discuss the issue of otherness as a category that describes the self-experience of gays as well as the problem of their constructed sexual identity as unstable and changeable. An important part of the article is the problem of pedagogical tools and strategies used by family members when confronting the homosexual identity.


Retained blood syndrome and post-pericardiotomy syndrome are postoperative complications associated with cardiac surgery period as well as patient management outcome when chest tubes are used for pericardial and pleural drainage of the accumulated blood. This meta-analysis focuses on the effectiveness of chest tubes in post-pericardiotomy syndrome and retained blood syndrome. The evaluations used a comparative approach to analyze four key studies identified from medical research databases. Our analysis concluded that chest tubes usage for evacuating blood accumulated subsequent to surgery should be with extreme care by trained medical professionals with appropriate follow-up. A careful strategy will assist in an adequate clearance of unwanted fluid and air to reduce the occurrence of inflammation and clogging.


Tokyo Natural gas field discovered recently is one of the important hydrocarbon resources in Japan. This field is situated along the seashore of the Tokyo Bay, and the geological formations consist mainly of Neogene Tertiary and Quaternary deposits. These formations belong to the marine sediments. The high chlorinity and reducing condition of this gas-bearing underground water are easily understood from the origin and present high gas pontentiality of the field.We surveyed this field mainly on the underground water by geochemical method.In this paper, at the beginning, we show the locations of surveyed wells and oabserved data of them on a map and a table.Next, we discuss the vertical distribution of chemical elements and their geochemical correlations in order to make clear the gas potentiality and productivity of the deeper horizons.Then, we studied the regional distribution of chemical element. Thus we discussed the mutual relation of the distribution of chemical elements and geology, and obtained the regional geochemical correlation.Finally we conclude that the noticeable area in gas prospecting consists from the, following scquence.Southern half of Edogawa-ku, Southern part of Chuo-ku, Koto-ku, Eastern part of Minato-ku.


Urinary calculi, or uroliths, are concretions of solid mineral and organic compounds that cause disease through direct trauma to the urinary tract and obstruction of urinary outflow. The urethral process is the most common site of obstruction in sheep and goats; in those whose urethral process has been amputated, the distal aspect of the sigmoid flexure is the usual site for blockage. 1 In camelids, uroliths tend to become lodged at or distal to the distal aspect of the sigmoid flexure. Multiple calculi are usually present in the urinary tract of affected small ruminants. 1


The transition from paediatric to adult care for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased risk of treatment non‐adherence, hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) use. We established a new young adult IBD clinic (YAC) in Melbourne to capture this at‐risk population. We aimed to assess patient satisfaction as well as clinical outcomes.


The year 2000 US presidential election between Al Gore and George Bush has been the most intriguing and controversial one in American history. The state of Florida was the trigger for the controversy, mainly, due to the use of the misleading 'butterfly ballot'. Using prediction (or confidence) intervals for least squares regression lines on the Florida election data, under some reasonable assumption, this author concludes that the ambiguity with regards to the butterfly ballot does have a significant impact on the final election result.


Implementing security protocols correctly is hard; verifying them is too. However, we also implement them in languages different to those we verify them in. With dependent types we can reason on software with greater precision and link specifications to implementations. In this talk we examine how state-of-the-art programming language research can help us to verify and implement protocols in the same language.


The monogenic signal allows us to decompose a two-dimensional real signal into a local amplitude, a local orientation, and a local phase. In this paper, we introduce the random monogenic signal and study its second-order statistical properties. The monogenic signal may be represented as a quaternion-valued signal. We show that for homogeneous random fields, we need exactly two quaternion-valued covariance functions for a complete second-order description. We also introduce a stochastic model for unidirectional signals and a measure of unidirectionality.


Abstract While the nutritional quality and environmental impact of diets are widely assessed, different production modes (organic vs. conventional) remain understudied as for sustainability. The present study examines the associations between different dimensions of sustainability of food purchases and sociodemographic factors. Households (n = 462) were included in this cross-sectional study using quota sampling in Montpellier Metropolitan Area. Food items acquired over one month were registered in a food supply diary, and the expenditure share of each food group (including organic food) was estimated. Validated indexes estimated scores reflecting the nutritional quality and the environmental impact of food purchases according to these expenditure shares. Associations were tested for each sustainability dimension using linear and multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic factors (e.g. age, education, living area). The age of the household's reference person was consistently related to the sustainability dimensions of food purchases, albeit in different ways. While older age was associated with better nutritional quality (estimate for age >50 years vs. age between 30-50 [95%CI]=0.91[0.29;1.54]), it was associated with a higher environmental impact (estimate for age >50 years vs. age between 30-50 [95%CI]=1.84[0.95;2.73]). Households with a highly educated reference person (OR master's degree vs. lower education levels [95%CI]=1.59 [1.02;2.47] had a larger share of organic foods and those living around the city of Montpellier (OR vs. living in the city centre [95%CI]=0.44[0.24;0.81]) had a smaller share. Our findings highlight that sociodemographic factors relate to sustainability dimensions in different ways. In addition, we address organic food purchases, which provide insights into different aspects of sustainability. Taken together, the findings suggest that there are various levers for promoting healthy and sustainable diets at the consumer level. Key messages • Sustainability of food purchases relates to sociodemographic factors (i.e. age, education, and living location); different dimensions may be addressed. • Mode of food production (i.e., organic) may provide insights in the context of sustainable diets.


Abstract In this paper, we prove a new regularity criterion in terms of the direction of vorticity for the weak solution to 3-D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Under the framework of Constantin and Fefferman, a more relaxed regularity criterion in terms of the direction of vorticity is established.


This paper introduces the idea that job design and design of collaboration are inseparable. On this basis, job design is reformulated as job-collaboration design. Combining activity theory and systems approach, the paper introduces several functional-structural models and interprets conventional job design decisions in terms of the modeling operations. It describes a sequence of stages for the first phase of structural job-collaboration design, which uses the introduced models and results in a design of the ideal job-collaboration network, which is supposed to function strictly according to the standards. Structured methodology for designing social support mechanisms, which compensate deviations from the standards experienced by real organizations is on our future agenda.


Objective To evaluate the palliative effect of 89 SrCl on multiple metastatic bone-pain of malignant turnouts.Methods The palliative effect and side effect of 126 patients with metastatic bone-pain of malignant turnouts after intravenous injeotion 89SrCl were observed.Results The bone-pain vanished or released in 109 patients after therapy.The total effective rate was 86.5%.Bone scan showed that metastatic focals in 38 patients grew down and vanished.The counts of leucocyte was decreased mildly in 19 patients.The damage of liver and kidney was not observed after therapy.Conclusion The 89 SrCl has obvious effect on treating patients with metastatic bone-pain and osteolytic of carcinoma,the aide-effect is mild and it can be used repeatedly.

Key words:
Bone neoplasms; Radioisotopes; Neoplasms,second primary


Electron paramagnetic resonance data for 0.45%Gd in LaAl2 are reported. Delta g is found to be +0.027, and the linewidth 102+or-15+(45+or-5)T Oe where T is the absolute temperature. The negative g shift for Gd in Pd is ascribed to a negative d-s interband effective exchange in Pd and a positive 4f-conduction electron exchange.


A histological and histochemical study of undisturbed alveolar socket healing was undertaken, utilizing postextraction biopsies from normal human tissues at two to three day intervals over a period of 50 days. Generally, the sequence in the healing o f an alveolar socket after exodontia is as follows : (1 ) clot forma tion; (2 ) replacement of blood clot by granulation tissue (seventh d a y); (3 ) replacement of granulation tissue by connective tissue (twentieth d a y); (4 ) appearance of osteoid at the base of the socket (seventh day) and filling of at least two thirds of socket fundus by trabeculae (thirty-eighth day), and (5 ) evidence of epithelization (fourth day).


The ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel is a member of inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir) that is inhibited by intracellular ATP and functions in close relation to sulfonylurea receptors (SUR). Although the molecular mechanism and physiological function of KATP channels are well understood, the expression pattern during development or treatment with the channel modulators such as glybenclamide is little known. In this work, we determined mRNA levels of a KATP channel (Kir6.2) and a sulfonylurea receptor (SUR2) in rat tissues by RNase protection assay. Levels of Kir6.2 and SUR2 mRNA in the rat brain and skeletal muscle were higher in adult (90∼120 days) than in neonate (2∼8 days), whereas those in the heart were not much different between neonate (2∼8 days) and adult (90∼120 days). In addition, none of KATP channel modulators (opener, pinacidil and nicorandil; blocker, glybenclamide) affected the Kir6.2 mRNA levels in the heart, brain and skeletal muscle. The results indicate that the expression of Kir and SUR genes can vary age-dependently, but the expression of Kir is not dependent on the long-term treatment of channel modulators. The effect of the channel modulators on mRNA level of SUR is remained to be studied further.


A novel method of microstrip line fed excitation source is presented to analyze microstrip problems by the finite difference time domain method (FDTD).Only the method com be used to calculate Gaussian pulse incident wave, it can be used to calculate Gaussian pulse incident wave and harmonica incident wave. It is not necessary to switch the source wall to absorbing boundary condition in the iterative process. Because of field zone dividing, reflected fields is naturally separated from total fields.


Upon mentioned so far on the Know-How Agreement, we might conclude that it is a bi-partially binding, charging and lasting agreement intuits personae. It is also a title deal sui generis with name and contents regulated in accordance to the Law on Contracts and Torts (LCT) and Law on Foreign Trade Operations (LFTO). Both laws require a written form for the Know-How Agreement. In case it is a Know-How Agreement with foreign element, LFTO requires registration of agreement with the respective body as well. LFTO also projects clauses, which must and must not be included within. As opposed to LFTO, LCT arranges the Know-How Agreement mainly by disposition within chapter 15, wherein the stipulations regulating License Agreement are included, which is also in our legal system conceived in a more general sense and does not assume only the patent license.


Although the Ripper's Cove site (CA-SCAI-26) was excavated in 1977 and reported in considerable detail shortly thereafter in this journal (Reinman and Eberhart 1980:61-105), the extensive archaeofaunal collection recovered from that site remained unstudied and unreported for more than three decades. This article remedies that lapse by quantifying and interpreting this "cold case" archaeofaunal collection and by applying an allometric technique for estimating the dietary biomass represented by the faunal remains. While intensive use of fish is expected on an island site, at Ripper's Cove this reliance was found to be far greater than might have been predicted. Nearly 30 percent of total vertebrate dietary biomass is attributed to fish. Another 25 percent of dietary biomass is dolphin. There is little evidence of use of mainland taxa in the diet. Numerous previously unrecorded bone artifacts were also discovered during the faunal analysis.


The world today is dominated by a single economic system, namely the global market economy or capitalism. Contemporary civilization is at an economic stage where, as Michael Novak points out, "We are all capitalists now, even the pope. Both traditionalist and socialist methods have failed; for the whole world there is now only one form of economics" (1993: 101). In response, many theologians and ethicists argue that economic decisions cannot be taken strictly according to rationalist economic principles. A tension exists between an economic argument that the economy is value neutral and a moral argument that seeks economic justice. This is not new, since Christian reflection on economic matters is primarily a history of suspicion. Apart from the Bible, Christian economic thinking draws deep from the well of the earliest moral theorist Aristotle, though his economic reflections cover a scant few pages, and the economy he analyzed was of a quite different order.

Keywords:

economics;
religious history;
theology;
capitalism