The extension of the traditional hands‐on laboratories to the Internet, in which labs are remotely accessible to the users to perform experiments, is still a challenge for education in engineering. In this paper, we present a remote refrigeration laboratory that allows students, trainees, and engineers to get acquainted with control aspects of mechanical refrigeration systems. Thanks to a university–industry partnership, the remote lab is hosted in an industrial site and it can be accessed by means of a client–server communication and an ad‐hoc designed LabVIEW‐based user interface, that allows to monitor and control the plant. The user can conduct both open‐ and closed‐loop experiments on a typical vapor compression cycle refrigeration system, testing different control architectures that range from standard regulators to data‐driven PID controllers.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:430–440, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21810


&NA; Responses for eight ANS variables are reported for 30 male college students under four stimulus conditions in an investigation of individual response specificity and stereotypy. It was found that neither direction nor magnitude of reaction was significantly related to prestimulus level for any of the untransformed variables. Reactivity in this study was based, therefore, upon raw score changes, except for the customary transformation‐‐"log palmar conductance change." Eight (27 per cent) of the subjects showed complete response specificity by response‐level scoring (i.e., maximal activation occurred in the same variable under the four stimulus conditions). Only 2 (7 per cent) showed complete specificity by reactivity scoring, a result not significantly different from chance. A tendency toward response stereotypy (i.e., a stable hierarchy in autonomic response patterns to different stimuli) was found to occur under both methods of scoring, but to be much greater in responselevel scoring, whereby 22 subjects (73 per cent) demonstrated coefficients of concordance at or beyond the.01 level of confidence. For reactivity scoring only 4 (13 per cent) satisfied this criterion. Response specificity and stereotypy, when they occur, are interpreted as caused in part by method of measurement and in part by significant individual differences in resting ANS functions. A word of caution is included against overgeneralizing their significance.


This study introduces two innovative methods in the research for use in vision-based tunnel inspection vehicles. First, the image-range stitching method is used to map the sequence images acquired by a camera onto a tunnel layout map. This method reduces the tunnel image-stitching problem to the appropriate parameters, thus solving the problem of mapping equations, ranging from camera pixels to the tunnel layout map. The parameters are obtained using a laser scanner. Secondly, traditional label-based deep learning solely perceives the consistency between pixels and semantically labeled samples, making it challenging to effectively address issues with uncertainty and multiplicity. Consequently, we introduce a method that employs a bidirectional heuristic search approach, utilizing randomly generated seed pixels as hints to locate targets that concurrently appear in both the image and the image semantic generation model. The results reveal the potential for cooperation between laser-scanning and camera-imaging technologies and point out a novel approach of crack detection that appears to be more focused on semantic understanding.


Airlines and travel agencies are traditionally two core businesses in the travel industry. While mutual cooperation has helped, it is true that unavoidable concerns and conflicts due to clash of views leading to various problems have existed internally. The main purpose of this study is to provide an advisable way of keeping the partnership smoothly by controlling the actual conflict factors between airlines and travel agencies. By analyzing the conflict management and deriving partnership performances in terms of airline"s perspective, this study intends to minimize the conflicts, and promote efficient and desirable cooperative relations for their interdependent businesses. This study has classified conflict factors into products, pricing, personal relationship and power structure, and these 4 different conflict factors each have cooperative! compromising and non-cooperative conflict managements of airline IS position which influence the factors of satisfactory and unsatisfactory outcomes of partnership performances as verifying 9 hypothesis lead to a conclusion. The main results show that airlines and travel agencies can maintain a constructive business relationship and long term cooperation basically under conflict management with compromising attitude and understanding.


A flow regime identification method based on images texture features by Fourier transform and probabilistic neural network was proposed.Flow images were captured by a high speed photography system.First,combined filter method was used to eliminate noises in those images.Then,the algorithm with rectangle loops Fourier spectral energy percentage was used to calculate the feature of image frequency distribution.Thus the images texture eigenvectors of flow regime were established.The probabilistic neural network was trained using above eigenvectors and flow regime identification was realized.The test results show this method can effectively identify five typical flow regimes which are bubbling bed,slugging bed,turbulent bed,fast fluidized bed and dilute phase transfer of gas-solid two-phase flow in fluidized bed.The whole identification accuracy is 98%,opening up a new avenue for the flow pattern recognition.


Background problem in this study high financing activity and selling based on murabaḥah KSPPS BMT Al-Ittihad murabaḥah where the transaction is done more than 97% of all the transactions carried out. While the goal in this research is to know the application of accounting and financing Murabaha on BMT Cikurubuk Al-Ittihad. And to analyse the suitability of the accounting application of financing illegal murabaha with PSAK No. 102 on BMT Cikurubuk Al-Ittihad.
The research method used was qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used by authors was an interview ansd documentation. Data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis. The research found that the recognition and measurement of assets, receivables, murabaha murabaha profit installment, pieces of murabaha murabaha, and fines already in accordance with PSAK NO. 102. Presentation of KSPPS applied by the BMT Al-Ittihad is in compliance with PSAK NO. 102, i.e. accounts receivable balance of murabaha served on the net that can be realized, the advantage of murabaha is presented in the income statement and profit murabahah deferred interest is served in the balance sheet but note with reserve losses of accounts receivable.


Rising energy costs have led people to lower indoor temperatures during cold weather. Thus, effective use of clothing could be important in maintaining thermal body comfort. A study was developed to determine the roles of clothing and nonclothing practices, textile knowledge, clothing priorities, and selected demographic variables relative to energy conservation indoors during cold weather. On the basis of the available data, profiles were constructed of energy conserving/nonconserving women consumers. A sample of 544 women re sponded to the questionnaire. Findings from the study indicated that comfort was the most important priority when selecting clothing and, in general, the women were somewhat knowledgeable about textiles in regard to thermal com fort (average score was 74 percent). Energy conserving/nonconserving women consumers were identified based on their marital status, age, residence, family age composition, education, textile knowledge, clothing priorities, and income; also included were extent of home insulation and who controls the thermostat for heat. Employment and heat source did not differentiate conservers from non- conservers.


The spread of autonomous vehicles (AVs) could fundamentally change tourism-related mobility in the near future. However, the empirical research on tourism impacts is still very limited. This research aims to systematize the expected tourism impacts of AVs and to explore how experts in different fields of tourism view the technological innovation ahead. The opinions of tourism experts (n = 21) involved in the research were analyzed using the Q methodology. Statements (n = 40) were formulated in topics derived from the literature. Based on the analysis, we distinguished four groups of opinions. An optimistic, technology-oriented group of experts suggested that AV-based sightseeing may emerge as a prominent unconventional service. An accessibility-focused group of experts predicting slow progress stressed that the spread of AVs could improve access to infrastructurally advanced destinations. A mobility-service-oriented group considered that the use of AVs is becoming conventional in terms of mobility, but its appearance remains unconventional for other tourism services. Due to the potential negative effects, a skeptical group of experts believes that AVs will not become conventional in tourism. The value of the research is the creation of groups based on tourism experts' attitudes, which can help prepare strategic tourism decisions in the future.


Three new isomers of FCH2CP system, F(H)CCPH (1), F-cCPC-H(H) (2) and F-cCC(H)P-H (3), are predicted by means of B3LYP and CCSD(T) (single-point) methods with 6-311++G(d,p) and 6-311++G(2df,2p) basis sets, respectively. The three calculated isomers can isomerize into thermodynamically the most stable species F-cPC(H)C-H, which has been suggested in previous theoretical studies, with relatively higher reaction barriers. In view of their higher thermodynamic and kinetic stability, we believe that the three species can be detected in future experiments.


¿Macsym II¿ is a user-programmable, self-contained system that provides automated real-time measurement and control in a variety of laboratory and processing applications. Priced from $5600 in 50-piece quantities ($6990 in single quantities) for a basic machine, the system processes high- and low-level analog signals from sensors such as thermocouples, strain gauges, and resistive-temperature devices.


Contraceptive discontinuations contribute substantially to the total fertility rate unwanted pregnancies and induced abortions. This study examines levels and trends in contraceptive switching contraceptive failure and abandonment of contraception while still in need of pregnancy prevention. Data come from the two most recent Demographic and Health Surveys in Armenia Bangladesh Colombia the Dominican Republic Egypt Indonesia Kenya and Zimbabwe. Results show that contraceptive discontinuation in the first year of use is common (18 to 63 percent across countries) and that the majority of these discontinuations are among women who are still in need of contraception: between 12 and 47 percent of women stop using contraception within one year even though they do not want to become pregnant. We found discontinuation to be strongly associated with the type of contraceptive method used. Additionally age parity education partners desired fertility community-level contraceptive prevalence and the region in which women live were all associated with contraceptive switching failure or discontinuing while still in need of contraception. In summary rates of contraceptive discontinuation even among women who want to avoid pregnancy remain high and are increasing in some countries where family planning efforts have decreased. This contraceptive discontinuation study along with future research in this area can help policymakers and program managers track family planning progress and refocus efforts to meet the goal of reproductive health for all.


Disclosed is an antibacterial agent having ameliorating and prophylactic effect on periodontal diseases and dental caries, which is characterized by the inhibitory effect of a sugar alcohol on proliferation of periodontal disease-causing bacteria and dental caries-causing bacteria. Specifically disclosed is an antibacterial agent for inhibiting proliferation of periodontal disease-causing bacteria, which contains a sugar alcohol, in particular lactitol or maltitol, as an active ingredient.


For calculating the flow of heat through walls of buildings the steady state formula based upon average temperatures has been found inadequate. A solution for the periodic heat flow through such walls is given, which has been simplified so that it depends upon two dimensionless quantities f and β1, which are functions of the physical properties of the walls and the periodicity. Curves are given which make it possible to read off the solution directly as soon as f and β1 are known. An experimental check is given.


. Understanding population status and trends is important for developing and evaluating management and conservation actions for threatened species. Monitoring population status of marine organ-isms is especially challenging. Because sea turtles come ashore to lay their eggs and nests are easily counted, these counts are commonly used as an index of abundance and population trends. Nest counts do not provide a direct index of adult female population abundance because females typically lay more than one nest per year and most do not reproduce every year. This study attempts for the fi rst time to investigate the likelihood that observed fl uctuations of nest counts represent inter-annual changes of the adult female population by accounting for uncertainty in reproductive rate parameters. We analyzed 30 yr of reproductive data from the largest nesting loggerhead sea turtle population worldwide, breeding in Florida (USA), and for the three Recovery Units and seven Management Units therein. Nest counts fol-lowed a general non-monotonic trend with wide fl uctuations that corresponded to decreasing and increasing trends during short intervals. When we accounted for uncertainty in both clutch frequency and remigration interval, there was no evidence for an increasing or a declining trend in the breeding female population across the entire period. Despite extensive conservation efforts and protections for loggerheads in Florida and the wider USA, we did not fi nd evidence of a strong population recovery. We recommend maintaining a high level of protection, addressing persistent anthropogenic threats, continued collection of rigorous nest-count data, and monitoring reproductive parameters to better link nest counts to adult female population abundance. Our results demonstrate the need for caution in using nest counts as a direct proxy for adult female population status, as it may lead to unsupported conclusions potentially detrimen-tal to conservation. Therefore, we recommend to always translating nest trends to at least adult female trends, including uncertainty in reproductive parameters. Our approach can be exported to other populations, even where reproductive parameters are not available. Applying high parameter uncertainty obtained from other populations can help identifying unequivocal population changes; that is, nest trends unlikely justi fi ed by uncertainty and poor knowledge of reproductive parameters.


The utility model discloses a hydraulic leveling system of a working platform of an overhead working vehicle. The hydraulic leveling system of the working platform of the overhead working vehicle comprises a leveling oil cylinder, a pump station arranged on the working platform, a direction control valve, a manual pump and two shuttle valves, wherein a pressure oil port and an oil return port of the direction control valve are communicated with a pump outlet of the pump station and an oil tank connector respectively; an oil taking port of the manual pump is communicated with the oil tank connector; a pressure oil port and an oil return port of the manual control valve are communicated with an oil outlet of the manual pump and the oil tank connector respectively; an oil outlet of the first shuttle valve is communicated with one working cavity of the leveling oil cylinder; two oil inlets of the first shuttle valve are communicated with one working oil port of the direction control valve and one working oil port of a manually-operated control valve respectively; an oil outlet of the second shuttle valve is communicated with the other working cavity of the leveling oil cylinder; two oil inlets of the second shuttle valve are communicated with the other working oil port of the direction control valve and the other working oil port of the manually-operated control valve. On the basis, the utility model further provides the overhead working vehicle applying the hydraulic leveling system.


The effect of adding fermented split yellow pea flour (SYPF) as a partial replacement for wheat flour in bread was examined. Three sourdough culture levels (3%, 6.5%, and 10%) and two fermentation times (1 and 4 hr) were evaluated. Total titratable acidity of ferment was measured to determine acid development. Bread was baked using three ferment inclusion levels (25%, 35%, and 45%) for each of the six treatment combinations. Nonfermented control bread was baked for each inclusion and culture level by adding the equivalent amount of SYPF and culture to the formulation. Bread was scored for quality and assessed for specific volume, crumb colour, C‐Cell properties, and flavour. Significant main effects were found for inclusion level, culture level, and fermentation time, and a significant Inclusion level × Fermentation time interaction was found for crumb firmness and cell diameter. Breads made with nonfermented SYPF and 10% culture had good flavour with only minor reductions in bread quality compared with a 100% wheat control bread. For the breads made with fermented SYPF, the ferment made with 10% culture fermented for 1 hr and added at an inclusion level of 25% had the most acceptable flavour and bread quality characteristics.


It relates to semiconductor memory devices, such as: (Dynamic Random Access Memory DRAM) The present invention is a dynamic random access memory for performing a refresh (Refresh) operation of the data, and more particularly relates to a semiconductor memory device a certain time period. The semiconductor memory device of the present invention, a plurality of banks (Bank) and each select one or more memory blocks in all banks, and refresh operation of the data for the selected memory block consisting of a plurality of blocks (Block) each selecting a portion of the first refresh mode, and the bank to do, and has a second refresh mode for performing refresh operation of the data for the selected bank, the one of the first refresh mode, and a second refresh mode, by selecting it consists of a refresh controller for performing a refresh operation. DRAM, PASR (Partial Array Self Refresh), Refresh


Beth Moseley Photography and Eloise Ross Photography

A charity that has been brightening hospital walls with calming, thought provoking, or cheerful art for six decades is celebrating its anniversary with 60 weekly blogs from artists, art critics, patients, and carers.

Paintings …


Objective To analyze the spiral CT manifestations of Crohn's disease and investigate the value of the spiral CT. Materials and methods 22 cases of Crohn's disease proven by colonoscopy, surgery and pathology were analyzed by spiral CT. Results Among the 22 cases of Crohn's disease, the lesions of 4 cases were located in small intestinal, 9 cases were located in colon. 9 cases were located in both colon and small intestinal. 19 cases were multiple skip lesions, 3 cases were focal lesions. The features of the spiral CT were: bowel wall thickening and luminal narrowing in all cases(16 cases intestinal canal were asymmetric, 6 cases were symmetric), 3 cases with increase enhancement of intestinal mucosa, 15 cases with mural stratification(target sign or halo sign), 6 cases with periintestinal fibrofatty proliferation, 15 cases with perienteric hypervascularity(comb sign), 15 cases with phlegmon, 4 cases with mesenteric lymph node enlargement, 1 case of inflammatory mass, 1 case of fistula,2 cases of ascites. Conclusion Spiral CT can exactly demonstrate the diseased bowel wall and extramural complications of crohn's disease, which is of important to guide the clinic treatment and to assess the effect of treatment.


Reyes Dominguez-Tom6chic's would-be village intellectual, rich man, Porfirista official, local "son of a bitch" and implacable foe of Cruz Chavez' religious party-refused in late 1892 to give any of his ink (he had the only ink in town) to the government-appointed interventor charged with surveying the wasted pueblo and restoring any strayed property to its rightful owners, among them the widows and other surviving kin of the rebels themselves. This telling little episode in the aftermath of the famous Tomochic uprising is emblematic of the methodological problems Paul Vanderwood had to grapple with in creating his magisterial study of the town and the fateful course many of its inhabitants took first to political protest, then to millenarian utopianism, and finally to a popular and political apotheosis in their doomed stand against the armed troops of Porfirio Diaz's Mexican state.1 That the interventor finally managed to submit his report anyway, if only in pencil, may slightly blunt the exemplary force of the anecdote, but only reinforces its metaphoric value in another way: pencil as simulacrum of the inked word and medium of historical memory, pencil as impermanent, as erasable, and so forth. In undertaking these comments on Vanderwood's book, I want to make clear at the outset that I think it a wonderful study, the work of a mature historian and a leader in the Latin American history field. But the book deserves more than just celebration, since it raises (explicitly and implicitly) difficult issues of a substantive nature regarding the cultural history of Mexico, as well as serious problems of method and theory for this sort of historical endeavor more generally. In these remarks, however, I am interested in the book less for the fascinating insights it yields about Mexican history, than as an artifact of late pre-millennial histori-


Alanine aminotransferase (EC 220.127.116.11) was obtained from the fungus Leptosphaeria michotii (West) Sacc, and enriched 714-fold by a 5-step purification procedure as a dimer of Mr 110000, associated with a polypeptide of Mr 25000. Its isoelectric point was 5.25. The enzyme was active from pH 3.5 to 9.5 with a maximum at pH 7.5. Its specific activity was 6000 nkat (mg protein)−1; the Km was 6.85 mM for L-alanine and 0.2 mM for 2-oxoglutarate. The enzyme did not show any detectable activity in the presence of L-aspartate, cysteine sulfinate, α-aminobutyrate or cyclic amino acids as substrates. It did not express alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase activity. Alanine aminotransferase in L. michotii has previously been shown to have an activity rhythm in constant temperature and darkness. The enzyme level was quantified along the activity rhythm by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using a monospecific polyclonal antibody against the purified enzyme. The cyclic variations of alanine aminotransferase activity were correlated with cyclic variations in the enzyme level.


Summary form only given. We realized the first wavelength tunable femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser with repetition rates between 500 MHz and 1.5 GHz and tuning range from 733 nm to 840 nm. The resonator layout and performance are described.


The utility model relates to a contactor integrating function and structure of an electronic type protector. The contactor comprises a contactor contact terminal arc extinguishing system, a contactor magnetism system, a contactor coil, a static contact bridge, electric current transducers and the electronic type protector. The three electric current transducers are respectively sleeved on the three-phase static contact bridge of the contactor contact terminal arc extinguishing system, and the electronic type protector is installed on a contactor shell body or any appropriate position in the shell body. The working condition of a load is judged by the electronic type protector according to signals output by the electric current transducers. A circuit of a coil is cut by a normally closed contact terminal of a small size relay when the circuit is needed to be cut, and the contactor cuts a main circuit. The contactor integrating function and structure of the electronic type protector has the advantages of being capable of integrating the function of the electronic type protector, unified and compact in structure, convenient to manufacture and apply and capable of achieving control of load and miniaturization of a protection electrical appliance.


This issue of CNS Spectrums takes a new approach to psychosomatic medicine. I would like to thank Robert N. Golden, MD, chair of psychiatry at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for guest editing this timely issue. Can we move beyond a Patch Adams approach of providing humor and emotional support for medically ill patients, to a better understanding of the neuroscience that may mediate the effect of stress, depression, and psychological states on the course of medical illness? Gaynes and Drossman describe the brain-gut connection, and how the link between the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric nervous system mediate dysfunction of motility and visceral pain sensitivity. In irritable bowel syndrome, links between the locus ceruleus, the anterior cingulate gyrus, and the gut may mediate this symptomatic dysfunction. Successful management of such patients includes identifying comorbidity, assessing psychosocial factors, enhancing coping strategies, utilizing psychopharmacology, and ongoing collaboration between professionals. Silva and Marin describe the syndrome of apathy, distinct from depression, in neuropsychiatric patients. Apathy is a decrease in goal-directed behaviors due to lack of motivation. This may involve hypofunction of mesolimbic dopamine activity, and damage to specific cortical/subcortical circuits. This is an understudied entity with broad impact in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, and deserves greater systematic study. Hutto describes how endocrine disorders may present with symptoms of depression. Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pituitary, pancreatic, and gonadal dysfunction may induce symptoms of depression, and this endocrinology-psychiatry boundary deserves further exploration. Bashford describes the psychological aspects of infertility, and the interaction of stress, infertility, and psychiatric disorders. In an original research article, Redrobe and Bourin describe how an animal model, the mouse forced swimming test, may be used to screen drugs for antidepressant augmentation strategies and to identify mechanisms involved in such treatment strategies. Results with clonidine, quinine, glyburide, pindolol, and buspirone as augmentation agents with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are described, and impact on specific 5-HT subsystems delineated. This issue highlights the need for systematic study of connections between the CNS and other organs— notably the gut, heart, endocrine, and gonadal systems. Further, elucidation of these networks and their role in the production of specific symptoms, such as depression, apathy, stress, and anxiety, seems timely and likely to have a broad impact. GH3


The literature review examines research and theory concerning the critical aspects of classroom culture for promoting literacy development, particularly for learners of English as a second language. It begins by establishing a conceptual framework for discussing classroom culture, then focuses on literature on six critical classroom attributes: the teacher as a guide in literacy learning; "meaningful" literacy experiences; establishment of a community of learners; student ownership in literacy activities; and discourse patterns that are compatible with students' home culture. It is concluded that awareness of these attributes must be supported in the literature by techniques for implementation, and that creation of an optimal classroom environment for literacy development involves risks for both teacher and students. Further research on the classroom culture viewed from the perspective of the learner is also recommended, particularly on how the classroom culture can achieve congruence with the learners' home culture. Contains 59 references. (MSE) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Critical Attributes of Classroom Culture for Literacy Development of English Language Learners Lorie Strech Hoggard April 19, 1996 In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) University of Southern California U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization Aoriginating it. Minor changes have been made to 0 improve reproduction quality. ---) ° Points of view or opinions stated in this is---\-document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 PERM ISISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


An intracerebral cannula system was surgically implanted in each of 21 rats. The responses of each S were observed following the temporary deposition of acetylcholine chloride, sodium pentothal, 1-epinephrine, or the placement of a blank cannula. Acetylcholine produced drinking in the hypothalamus and stereotyped standing postures in the reticular system Ss. Sodium pentothal produced an increment in feeding responses in the ventrolateral-reticular-system Ss and an increment in grooming in the dorsomedial-reticular-system Ss.


Multinational corporations' (MNCs') control over their foreign operations plays an important role in implementing their global marketing strategy. In the past, transaction cost analysis and bargaining power theory have been widely cited to explain the degree of control MNCs exert over their foreign operations. However, research explicitly combining these two perspectives has been limited. To address the gap in the literature, the authors present a joint model that combines the two alternative theories to explain MNCs' control, and they compare their relative explanatory power. Using primary survey data, they perform an empirical test of the relative explanatory power of these two theories. The results suggest that three factors, two drawn from bargaining power theory and one from transaction cost analysis, are key factors in explaining MNCs' degree of control over their foreign operations. The article concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and managerial implications.


ABSTRACT Background: Nurse practitioners serve an essential role in the completion of age-appropriate adolescent high-risk behavior screenings including tobacco/nicotine, alcohol, illicit drug use, and sexual activity during well-child examinations (WCEs). Local problem: Midwestern adolescents demonstrate a suboptimal rate of engaging in annual preventative medical visits in comparison to national data. Methods: This mixed-methods quality improvement pilot sought to evaluate health care providers' beliefs, general clinic processes, and the overall quality of WCEs among adolescents aged 11–17 years in two midwestern primary care clinics. Quantitative data were obtained through queried reports and manual electronic health record chart audits. Qualitative data were obtained through focus group interviews. Interventions: Interventional strategies included providing education to key stakeholders regarding data analysis findings indicating process deficiencies regarding adolescent WCEs. Project members championed integration of advanced practice nurses as leaders of change within urban, multisite tertiary health care systems. Results: Results demonstrate that the lack of standardized assessment during an adolescent WCE can lead to fragmentation of high-risk behavior screenings. Conclusions: This quality improvement pilot demonstrates the need for nurse practitioners to be at the forefront of interprofessional committees advancing the implementation of evidence-based guidelines and practice improvement initiatives. Standardization of high-risk behavior screening as part of the WCE in adolescence provides the foundation for health promotion and chronic disease prevention spanning into adulthood.


Introduction In the last decade, attention has been paid to the release of enantiomers of different drugs from formulations containing the racemate. These studies are based on the hypothesis put forward by Duddu et al in 1993 (1) which assumes that chiral excipients may interact preferentially with one enantiomer leading to stereoselective release from a formulation containing a racemate. In previous studies, we considered the release of salbutamol (2,3) and ketoprofen (3,4) enantiomers from matrices elaborated by direct compression with hidroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) K100M, a chiral excipient commonly used in pharmaceutical technology. In these studies we observed a small stereoselective release for ketoprofen but not for salbutamol sulphate. However, diffusion tests (5) confirmed the existence of a chiral interaction between salbutamol and HPMC K100M. The objective of this study was to investigate if the use of wet granulation techniques, will allow a major interaction drug-excipient and will yield systems showing stereoselectivity in the release profile.


Objectives: Primarily to investigate the long‐term effects of antihypertensive therapy on left ventricular morphology in non‐malignant essential hypertension and in particular to compare an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and a diuretic in this respect. Design: Previously untreated males aged 20‐65 years with diastolic blood pressure ≥95 mmHg during a 4‐ to 6‐week placebo period were randomly assigned to double‐blind treatment with enalapril or hydrochlorothiazide. Methods: Indirect and intra‐arterial blood pressure, echocardiography, apex cardiography, carotid pulse tracing and phonocardiography. Results: Left ventricular mass (LVM) was significantly correlated with intra‐arterial blood pressure at baseline. During long‐term treatment (14‐18 months) blood pressure decreased significantly in both treatment groups (indirectly and intra‐arterially), at rest and during dynamic exercise. No significant differences in blood pressure response were seen between the two therapeutic alternatives. LVM decreased progressively and significantly on enalapril after 18 months of monotherapy and decreased non‐significantly on hydrochlorothiazide after 14 months of monotherapy. The difference in effect between treatments was significant in a stepwise regression analysis taking change in blood pressure into account. The relationship between the reductions in LVM and blood pressure were significant for enalapril but not for hydrochlorothiazide. Neither therapy affected left ventricular diastolic or systolic diameters significantly, but enalapril reduced posterior wall thickness and interventricular septal thickness significantly, and improved left ventricular distensibility significantly. Neither therapy had any negative effects on systolic function, although hydrochlorothiazide decreased left ventricular ejection time index significantly. Conclusion: Enalapril was significantly more effective than hydrochlorothiazide in reversing left ventricular hypertrophy without negatively affecting left ventricular function.


Objective To observe the effect of low molecular weight heparin sodium injection on the levels of fibrinogen(Fg),platelet granule membrane protein(GMP-140),D-dimer(D-D) in patients with chronic pulmonary heart di-sease.Methods Sixty cases of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) related pulmonary heart disease in acute stage were randomly divided into control group and treatment group with 30 cases in each group,the control group was given routine treatment,while the treatment group were given conventional treatment and low molecular heparin sodium,detected and compared the Fg,GMP-140,D-D index and clinical effect between the 2 groups of patients.Results In the treatment group,the total effective rate was 73.3%,which was significantly higher than 53.3%in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(x~2 =4.302,P 0.05),compared with before treatment,the levels of Fg,GMP-140,D-D decreased in both of the 2 groups(control group,(=4.385,3.016,7.482,P 0.05;treatment group,t =3.792,2.772,5.306,P 0.05),and it was more significant decrease in the treatment group than those in the control group(t =3.217,3.106,4.782,P 0.05);GMP-140,the levels of D-D,Fg and the clinical efficacy was negatively correlated(r =-0.52,-0.63,-0.74,P 0.05).Conclusion Low molecular weight heparin sodium injection therapy could significantly decrease the plasma GMP-140,Fg,D-D levels,and improve the clinical efficacy of COPD related pulmonary heart disease.


Accurate micro-Doppler (m-D) parameter estimation is meaningful for target identification and classification. In this paper, a novel time-frequency (TF) analysis (TFA) method named short-time parametric sparse representation (STPSR) is proposed to improve the accuracy of conventional Hough transform-based parameter estimation method. Firstly, the local sparsity of target's radar echo in the chirp dictionary is used to generate the high-performance TF representation (TFR). Then, the correct m-D parameters can be selected by locating the sharp energy peaks obtained through the Hough transform in the parameter domain. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by simulations.


The effects of α1-adrenergic receptor inhibition with doxazosin, and β-blockade with propranolol on tissue lipoprotein lipases and plasma lipids were studied in rats. In rats fed a normal lab chow, doxazosin increased heart lipoprotein lipase activity (+14%), while propranolol had the opposite effect (−20%). These effects were not statistically significant when compared with nontreated controls, although the difference between the doxazosin and propranolol groups was significant (p < 0.05). There were no significant effects on adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity or hepatic lipase activity. In rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet there were similar but smaller effects on heart lipoprotein lipase activity (+5% and −12%, respectively). In these rats α1-inhibition also tended to increase adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (+14%) and hepatic lipase (+13%), while β-blockade had the opposite effect (−20% and −9%, respectively). The lipase activities were significantly different between the treatment groups in liver and heart but not in adipose tissue. Doxazosin and propranolol did not affect plasma triglyceride or total cholesterol, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased during α1-blockade (+24%).


The institutionalization of digital trade is one of the most important directions in the formation of the information society in the Russian Federation. The studies reflect the emerging lag in the Russian economy readiness index to support online shopping. The author analyzes the reasons for the lag in the context of the institutional features of the development of digital trade. As the main obstacle that reduces the economic efficiency and competitiveness of digital trade, insufficient attention of the state to the formation of innovative institutions of the digital market is highlighted


SUMMARY The Rion-Antirion Bridge, that crosses the homonymous strait in Greece, is located in a very activeseismic region. The deck of this multi-span cable-stayed bridge is continuous and fully suspended fromfour pylons (total length of 2252 meters). Its approach viaducts comprise 228m of concrete deck on theAntirion side and 986m of steel composite deck on the Rion side. Said structures are designed towithstand seismic events generating ground accelerations of up to 0.48g through the use of fluid viscousdampers and other seismic devices.The Main Bridge seismic protection system comprises fuse restraints and viscous dampers of dimensionsheretofore never built. The same act in parallel, connecting the deck to the pylons. The restrainers aredesigned as a rigid link intended to withstand high wind loads up to a pre-determined force. Under theaction of the design earthquake, fuse restrainers will fail and leave the dampers free to dissipate theearthquake-induced energy acting upon the structure. The Approach Viaducts are seismically isolatedutilizing elastomeric isolators and viscous dampers.This paper aims to describe the aforesaid seismic protection systems as well as the results of theextensive full-scale testing they underwent to verify design assumptions. The Damper Prototype testswere performed at the of the University of San Diego California Laboratory (USA), while the FuseRestraints test and all production tests were carried out at the FIP Industriale Testing Laboratory in Italy.


This study focuses on the vision-sharing practices, actual management capabilities and marketing competence for management which are supposed to be associated with the performance of village-based agricultural production sector. For this, vast literatures related to this issues were reviewed and analyzed. and which were used to establishment of research model. And then questionnaire were developed along the research model, survey were implemented using the questionnaire. In survey both of questionnaire and interview were used to obtain proper opinion. Total of 51 completed questionnaires were obtained and used to empirical analysis. The correlation method was used to investigate the relationships between factors affecting performance of agricultural production unit and performance. Major findings are as follows: (1) in overall, factors related to the vision-sharing or communication are not so important or even negative effects on the performance (2) in overall, factors of management competences are relatively associated with the performances positively (3) in overall, general management capabilities like planning or analyzing were positively related to the performance (4)significant factors which were related to the positive effects on the performances were alternatives considering risk of depreciation, securing stable customers, retention of professional personnels.


Galvanically isolated voltage regulators (GIVRs) are widely used in industrial automation, electric vehicles, and medical devices to deliver power to low-voltage circuits across isolated domains and ensure human safety and device reliability in hazardous environments. Traditional bulky transformer-based GIVRs can deliver 2W output power with 80% peak efficiency [1]. However, transformers are relatively expensive, and their size limits the overall physical size of the system from being further minimized. Inductive GIVRs using micro transformers have been introduced in [2]–[9] with a significantly reduced form factor; however, their efficiency is also significantly compromised to around 50% [2]–[4], or even lower in the 7-to-40% range [5]–[9]. This is mainly due to the much lower quality of the micro transformers compared to traditional ones, as well as the associated much higher switching frequency. In addition, the manufacturing/packaging may introduce extra cost due to the need for special processes [2], [3], [5], [6]. A capacitive GIVR has been introduced in [10]; however, the efficiency is also limited to 50.7%, with a maximum power capacity of only 62mW. Besides, common-mode transient (CMT) immunity (CMTI), which ensures the robustness of operation when fast and strong voltage transients happen between the isolated domains due to current/voltage spikes in motor drivers or other fast switching applications, is an important specification for galvanically isolated devices [2], [4], [8]. This is especially important for capacitive designs due to the direct capacitive links between the two domains. However, no discussions, mitigations, or measurements were provided in [10]. In addition, most state-of-the-art designs require an extra transformer [2], [3], [6] or a pair of capacitors [4], [10] to establish feedback links for voltage regulation, which also increase the cost and form factor, or they only work in open loop [5], [7], [9].


The Research of Aim is to know how far the ability influence, work motivation and work culture to employee performances municipal waterwork in Muara Teweh. This Research is Descriftive Research, Data Analysis that using by multiple regression, by Simultaneously Hypothesis (F), Parcial Hypothesis (T), and Determination Koefesience. By the analysis result and hypothesis corresponding by thesis tittle of ability influence, works motivation, and works culture to employee performance municipal waterworks in Muara Teweh such as : The Ability (X1) significan influence to employee performance (Y) to municipal waterworks (PDAM) in Muara Teweh, motivation (X2) significan influence to employee performance (Y) to municipal waterworks in MuaraTeweh, works culture (X3) is not influence significan to employee performance (Y) to municipal waterworks Muara Teweh. The Ability (X1), work motivation (X2) and works culture (X3) that influence by simultancous (Y) to the employee (Y) to municipal waterworks in Muara Teweh. The municipal waterworks in Muara Teweh could evaluated and increasing works culture to reminds in this research of the municipal waterworks is so weak in Muara Teweh so order that is necessary to recovering and incresing. It's can be proof by the result that decreased of works culture that employee performance will decrease, so that is not satisfying to serves to the society in Muara Teweh. Key Word : The Ability, Work Motivation, Works Culture, and employee performance.


The west part,north part and east part of Taiyuan Areaare surrounded by mountains with the highest elevation of 2 670 m and the lowest elevation of 760 m.The complex topography of Taiyuan Area forms some climatic regions with obvious differences,showing not only clear vertical changes but also horizontal differences.Knowing the temperature variation behavior of mountain areas is very important for the construction of livable eco-city and the adjustment of agricultural planting structure.The construction of Taiyuan automatic regional meteorological observation station network provides sufficient conditions for knowing the changes of weather elements in mountain areas.Selecting the last three years' data of two regional meteorological stations in Xishan area of Taiyuan,this paper makes a basic research on mountain areas' temperature variation behavior,which improves the purposiveness and pertinence of the adjustment of agricultural planting structure and provides the theoretical support for the construction of livable eco-cities.


In recent years, we observe a significant expansion of data analytics driven by such factors as very low cost of data acquisition, storage and processing. To make business decisions, users have to carry out complex analysis which is fed by data. Data is fuel and prerequisite for any kind of analysis starting from simple charts and ending with complex data mining processes. However, data analysis is getting more and more difficult with the explosion of data volume and the variety of data sources which differ in their underlying data models, representation formats and conventions.


The article discusses an urgent problem of the juvenile mothers' status in the Russian Federation. The author carries out a research of the young mothers' place in the society, the level of their adaptation, and describes social and psychological strength of a young woman during the pregnancy and after the child's birth.


The Internet technology has had profound impact on our lives as well as changed the ways in which businesses interact with customers and has immense potential to improve the quality of education, a sustainable development goal set by the United Nations. Access to the Internet helps both educational administrators and students to reduce the costs of learning and improve the quality of education in schools and colleges. In developing countries, especially in Africa, the cost of accessing the Internet by students continues to be high and out of reach of many as one considers other key elements such as affordable broadband, computers, smartphone devices and the knowledge, skills, and competency to use the Internet technology. This paper examined the financial burden placed on students in accessing the Internet for their education at the tertiary level during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The results showed that tertiary students were financially impaired during the period as the cost of accessing the Internet (Internet data/subscription, Internet devices etc.) generally increased during the period.


Seldom, do we come across a technology that advances multiple research disciplines across science and engineering. One such technology is light sheet that promises to take scientific investigation to the next level. The existing technology, predominantly based on point-focusing has reached a saturation limit, in terms of speed, limited field-of-view and lack of biophysical parameter estimation. Moreover, current technology is complex and needs human intervention. Light sheet techniques based on sheet-illumination expand our abilities for high throughput interrogation of a large pool of live biological specimens with near diffraction-limited resolution and an order increase in field-of-view. The outlook of research community has changed dramatically over the last decade that has seen an increased use of light sheet technology. Light sheet technique has penetrated both biological and physical sciences with its impact on microscopy, cytometry, nanolithography, beam-shaping, plasma physics and optical manipulation. Eventually, the technique will influence other disciplines and may give rise to new research fields.


As recirculation zone formed by coastal water flow make pollutants accumulation so as to lead the environment deterioration,a 3-points high order compact(HOC) difference scheme was used in high accuracy numerical computation of the vortex-stream function equations and pollutants convection diffusion equation to study its formation mechanism and law of pollutants accumulation.The quantitative relationships of pollutants accumulation between angle of recirculation zone and position of discharging source were obtained.The method can prevent the instability of dispersing the convection terms compared with traditional numerical schemes,and be easy to pro-gram and has good efficiency.The results provide guidance in arrangement of discharging points and decreasing pollutants in the near shore regions,therefore it has theoretic and realistic values.


The paper describes a method for assessing the bearing capacity of the crane beam walls with fatigue cracks. There has been developed and implemented an algorithm for evaluating the stress-strain and limit state of the beam with a crack in the wall under a compressed belt. There has been established the dependence of the stress-strain and limit states of the beam wall on the value of the initial relative beam bending and the crack length in the section under the action of the bending moment and transverse force. The author presents the results of numerical studies of the effect of cracks on the bearing capacity of the beam wall. The influence of the amplitude of the initial beam wall deflection on the critical stress parameters is revealed. The dependence of the values of critical stress parameters on the relative crack length is considered.


This paper presents a modelling approach for approximation of the elastic modulus of a tubular (circular) braided fabric model based on python programming and experimental test data for compressive deformation. The python scripts developed in this paper allowed models to be generated easily for realistic tubular braided fabric, with suitable functions to mesh the model, assign material orientations and properties to elements, and export the model to ABAQUS FE software. In this study Abaqus Finite Element (FE) software is used, incorporating an isotropic material law for approximating the elastic modulus of the braided fabric while comparing the results with test data for selected levels of the modulus when the structure is under uniaxial compression. The FE data validated using load and deformation data from experimental values indicated that for the selected samples of the braided fabric the modulus of the structure would lie between 7GPa-10GPa.


The eBubble project is a research and development effort for a low-energy solar neutrino detector technology that will culminate in a low-energy solar neutrino experiment following the proof of concept of the technology. This paper will introduce in brief solar neutrino detection and the eBubble detector and will discuss extensively developments in the tracking and simulation aspects of the project during the summer of 2007 (during which the NSF-funded Research Experience for Undergraduates program took place) and the features of the detector relevant to these developments. * E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com


Objective. To analyze the relationship between trait anxiety and metacognitive skills used while driving vehicles. Participants included 353 professional and novice drivers. Assessment included what participants do about the form and type of driving. Results. Professional drivers with low anxiety traits are the ones to use metacognitive skills, and perceive their driving as very good and very safe.


A new approach to orbital stabilization of under-actuated systems with one passive degree-of-freedom (DOF) is presented. Virtual holonomic constraints are enforced using partial feedback linearization; this results in a dense set of periodic orbits on a constraint manifold. Every orbit on the constraint manifold is associated with a unique time-period. A desired orbit is selected and the impulse controlled Poincaré map (ICPM) approach is utilized to stabilize the orbit by regulating the time-period. By treating the time period as the output, it is possible to design a dead-beat controller that achieves orbital stabilization in a single time-step. The effectiveness of the dead-beat design is demonstrated for the cart-pendulum system.


This work deals with the optimal control of one dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator under an external field characterized by a linear dipole function. The penalty term is taken as kinetic energy. The objective operator whose expectation value is desired to get a prescribed target value is taken as the square of the position operator. The dipole function hypothesis in the external field is valid only for weak fields otherwise hyperpolarizability terms which contain powers of the field amplitude higher than 1 should be considered. The weak field assumption enables us to develop a first order perturbation approach to get approximate solutions to the wave and costate equations. These solutions contain the field amplitude and another unknown, so-called deviation constant, through some certain integrals. By inserting these expressions into the connection equation which functionally relates the field amplitude to the wave and costate function it is possible to produce an integral equation. Same manipulations on the objective equation results in an algebraic equation to determine the deviation parameter. The algebraic deviation equation produces incompatibility which can be relaxed by including second order perturbative term of wave function. The integral and algebraic equations mentioned above are asymptotically solved. Their global solutions are left to future works since the main purpose of this work is to obtain the so-called field and deviation equations. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Treatment of 3H-indoles (indolenines) with diethyl oxaloacetate and diethyl oxalopropionate, respectively, yield the pyrrolidones (4) and (3) and with thiobenzoyl isocyanate the thiadiazine (16) is formed. The 1:2 product (8) is formed with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate whilst thiocyanates and alkyl isothiocyanates yield triazine derivatives (11). In contrast, and not in accord with literature precedence, aryl and acyl isothiocyanates produce the thiadiazine derivatives (14).


An analysis of the food chain dynamics of the Oregon, Alaskan, and New York shelves is made with respect to differences in physical forcing of these ecosystems. The world's shelves are 10% of the area of the ocean, yield 99% of the world's fish catch, and may be a major sink in the global CO/sub 2/ budget.


Whether or not Britain joins a rival economic union, increasing competition from the European Economic Community is a factor to be reckoned with. Effective rationalisation of industry in the EEC countries implies some measure of rationalisation of their varied systems of technical education, and Mr Warren considers the discussions which have been held recently on this subject within EEC.


Radiation source (2) located emitted radiation excited light emitting material (18) an interference filter (22, 23) between the two, so that the radiation source (2) into a ray of light emitted from desired spectral characteristics. A combination of various photovoltaic elements obtained suitable for use in various types of projection television monochrome image. Luminescent material (18) and interference filters (22, 23) layered structure may be formed a display (3), for example, part of a liquid crystal display, but it may be changed to the integrally with the radiation source, form a separate illumination source.


This paper describes experiences from two organizations that have used the Riskit method for risk management in their software projects. This paper presents the Riskit method, the organizations inv...


Cross, Jason C.; Turnblom, Eric C.; Ettl, Gregory J. 2013. Biomass production on the Olympic and Kitsap Peninsulas, Washington: updated logging residue ratios, slash pile volume-to-weight ratios, and supply curves for selected locations. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-872. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 30 p. Biomass residue produced by timber harvest operations is estimated for the Olympic and Kitsap Peninsulas, Washington. Scattered residues were sampled in 53 harvest units and piled residues were completely enumerated in 55 harvest units. Production is based on 2008 and 2009 data and is stratified by forest location, ownership type, harvest intensity, and harvest method. An additional sampling was taken to ascertain the mass of wood present in a pile of biomass: 20 piles of biomass were measured for gross volume, processed into hog fuel, and remeasured for volume; five samples were drawn from each pile and examined for volume, green mass, and bone-dry mass. An equation relating mass of wood in a pile to the gross biomass volume is derived. Finally, the availability and average delivered cost per ton of biomass is calculated for five delivery centers on the Olympic Peninsula.


Nowadays, European Union states are facing complicated demographic problems. Europeans have begun living considerably longer thanks to good public health and high life standard. But simultaneously with life duration increase, birth rate is decreasing in Europe. This will inevitably cause workers' quantity decrease. In perspective, society will not be able to provide European pensioners with accustomed, rather high, pensions. Due to this, European states governments have stepped close to pension system reforming necessity.


ABSTRACT Climatic condition has a remarkable influence on tourism activity. This paper evaluates the tourism climatic condition over DPR Korea applying Tourism Climate Index (TCI). Results show that (1) climate of present resorts is favorable to tourism from mid-April to early October, with TCI scores for most of them well above 70 (very good) from mid-April to late June; (2) seven key tourism resorts have a very good tourism climatic condition, with Mt Guwol, Sariwon, Nampo and Pyongyang at a higher TCI score; (3) six proposed sites have higher TCIs during warm season, and tourism industry could be planed and developed.


Drug Package Leaflets provide information for patients on how to safely use medicines. European Commission and recent studies stress that further efforts must be made to improve the readability and understandability of package leaflets in order to ensure the proper use of medicines and to increase patient safety. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that directly deals with the automatic simplification of drug package leaflets. Our approach to lexical simplification combines the use of domain terminological resources to give a set of synonym candidates for a given target term, and the use of their frequencies in a large collection of documents in order to select the simplest synonym.


Written for readers with varying levels of familiarity with quality function deployment and other methodologies, this book covers how QFD fits into a systems approach for design and manufacturing. A detailed description of the use of the technique with examples and application recommendations is provided.


【Objective】The identity and variation of CP gene sequence of potato virus X in 8counties(districts)in northern Shaanxi were detected by RT-PCR to clarify the virus variation and provide a reference for the promotion of detoxification potato.【Method】Taking leaves of suspected poison potatoes at2-3generations as materials,the total RNAs were extracted by Trizol method at 8sampling sites.Specific primers were designed based on published CP gene sequences of potato virus X and DNAs were amplified using RT-PCR method.The PCR products were examined by agarose gel electrophoresis.Then the target gene was cloned and sequenced,and the identity of sequence was analyzed by DNAstar software and compared with the CP gene identities of 12 Xviruses at home and abroad.At last,phylogenetic tree was constructed using neighbor joining method.【Result】Expected fragments with the size of 620 bp were obtained from all 8samples after amplification,indicating that all these potatoes were infected with potato virus X.There was minor difference between different CP genes sequence and identity of the tested sequences was95.2%-99.4%.The identity of all samples at home and abroad was 92.9%-98.5%.The potato virus X could be divided into 4groups based on CP gene phylogenetic trees,and the samples from 8counties(districts)of northern Shaanxi belonged to two groups.【Conclusion】Potato virus X was widespread in northern Shaanxi.It can be rapidly and accurately detected by RT-PCR,and there existed a certain degree of variation in the CP gene.


Telecom m unica tion Vs. Transportation BY P N I N A O H A N N A PLAUT The functions of transportation and communication systems overlap. B o t h hridge the gaps hetween geographic locations, the one hy moving physical ohjects, the other hy moving information. In recent years, as the roles of communication have expanded, many people expect they'll come to preempt those that transporta- tion has traditionally performed, with messages suhstituting for travel and shipping. O r , is it more likely that communication and transportation are mutually reinforcing — that each induces expansion i n the other? Over the past two decades, communication costs have plummeted relative to transportation costs, reflect- ing advanced electronic technology and changing prices of some commodities, such as energy. For those indus- tries and markets where communication and transportation coexist, the comparative advantage of communica- tion has been rising. Relations between these systems have significant implications for regional economics and regional planning because transportation costs play a dominant role in locational decisions and in land development, infrastructure investment, and the conduct of industry. Locational advantage (or disadvantage) is based on the costs (including time costs) of gaining access to various destinations and services. Early theory of location was based on transportation costs, but pertinent access costs nowadays are frequently costs of communication instead. >- Pnina Ohanna Israel Plant is a postdoctoral (rsec7Q2@ research uvm . ha if a .ac. il). Regional fellow at Th is article Pla nning at the The Technion, is drawn University from Israel Institute her doctoral of Technology, dissertation of Ca I ifo mi a, Berkeley in City Haifa and


The dirhodium(II,II) tetracarboxylate motif bas been shown to serve as a structural template for the self-assembly of carboxylate-appended photoactive units of the forni [(tpy)( 4'-(4-carboxyphenyl)tpy)Ru](PF6)2 (tpy = 2,2':6'2" terpyridine). Efficient quenching of the emissive 3MLCT state of these photoactive complexes upon formation of these higher-order assemblies suggested irreversible energy transfer to the non emissive excited state of the Rh2(II,II) center, which was verified through the preparation of analogous assemblies based upon the triazine-based photoactive units [(2-phenyl-4,6di(2-pyridyl)triazine)(4 ' -(4-carboxyphenyl)tpy)Ru] (PF6)2 and [(2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,6di(2-pyridyl)triazine)(tpy)Ru](PF6)2. To expand on the synthetic utility of the dirhodium(II,II) tetracarboxylate motif, a series of homoleptic Ru(II) complexes based on the ligands 4'-(carboxy)tpy, 4'-(4carboxyphenyl)tpy, and (2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,6-di(2-pyridyl)triazine) were prcpared. Incorporation of the Rh2(II,II) motif to these dicarboxylates could be perforrned in the absence of deleterious polymerization to give both bis-Rh2 and mono-Rh2-adducts, which have been unambiguously characterized. To ameliorate the general insolubility of such dicarboxylate complexes, the ligand 4' -(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4' '-di-(tert-butyl)tpy was prepared, along with its subsequent homoleptic Ru(II) complex which was shown to be abundantly soluble in a range oforganic solvents and to possess an unusual, porous solid


In this paper,problems that exist in computer basis teaching were analyzed. Combining with the actual situation of Anyang Normal University,materials,architecture,methods,practical teaching and the evaluation system of computer basis teaching were studied and practiced.


Abstract : Modeling of a flexible robot arm mounted at a prismatic joint leads to a moving boundary problem. In a control-theoretic context with joint motion as control, these become free boundary problems. Some problems are discussed for transverse vibration (the beam equation) but the principal result is an exact controllability theorem for longitudinal vibration (the wave equation). Keywords: Free boundary, Robot arm, Prismatic joint, Beam equation, Feedback, Wave equation, Exact controllability.


Nonylphenol is a metabolic intermediate from the microbial transformation of detergents used worldwide. While nonylphenol shows some acute toxicity, it is also able to mimic important hormones resulting in the disruption of several processes by interfering with the signals that control the overall physiology of the organism. This work perform a critical reviews on the origin, environmental fate, microbial transformation, ecosystems impact and endocrine disruption capacity of nonylphenol. Due to mass production of parent products and potential toxicity, nonylphenol is an example of a microbial decay product that may pose an environmental risk. The analysis supports the need for better tests to evaluate, model and monitor the potential long-term environmental impact of single compounds produced as a result of an environmentally- mediated degradation. Keywords. Nonylphenol, toxicity, Daphnia, transformation, ecosystem, environment, pollution


The legacy of mega sporting events can be perceived in several ways. It can be seenas positive or negative, tangible or intangible, territorial or personal, intentional orunintentional, global or local, short- or long-term, sport- or non sport-related, and canalso be seen from the various event stakeholders' perspectives. In fact, it is muchmore appropriate to talk about legacies in the plural than simply legacy. This papergives a broad overview of an often used but rarely defined concept, using examplesfrom the legacies of the Olympic and Commonwealth Games, arguably two of themost important mega sporting events. It concludes that legacy essentially is a dreamto be pursued rather than a certainty to be achieved.


In this paper I argue that to understand and reduce violence we must study the productive moments of power, particularly the discourses that (re)produce ideas and practices of violence. I focus here on questions of labeling a violent act a "hate crime " and how identity-based activist work for hate crime legislation shapes conceptions about what it means to be a member of that identity group. I present data on anti-violence activism done by and for transgender people in the United States between 1990 and 2005. I detail how, following a precedent set by past identity groups, these activists framed violence against transgenderists as caused by hate and fought for inclusion of "gender identity " in hate crime legislation. I argue that, while this style of activism promoted recognition of transgender people as valuable humans and marked the violence they experienced as unjust, it also constructed the group as universally hated and at constant risk for horrific violence. Thus, although scholars have focused on the positive consequences of hate crime legislation, I find that the struggle for such laws can have negative symbolic consequences for identity groups, mainly the construction of a vulnerable subjecthood. I conclude with a suggestion for an alternative tactic for both constructing subjecthood and doing anti-violence activism.


Hydrogen effect on fatigue performance of commercially pure BCC iron has been studied with a combination of various electron microscopy techniques. The fatigue crack growth (FCG) in gaseous hydrogen was found to consist of two regimes corresponding to a slightly accelerated regime at relatively low stress intensity factor range, ΔK, (Stage I) and the highly accelerated regime at relatively high ΔK (Stage II). These regimes were manifested by the intergranular and quasicleavage types of fractures respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations demonstrated an increase in plastic deformation around the crack wake in the Stage I, but considerably lower amount of plasticity around the crack path in the Stage II. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results identified dislocation cell structure immediately beneath the fracture surface of the Stage I sample, and dislocation tangles in the Stage II sample corresponding to fracture at high and low plastic strain amplitudes respectively.


An increasing number of graduate programs are available to students interested in the study of forensic psychology. The growth of forensic training opportunities is reflective of the wider development of forensic psychology as a discrete specialty area. An Internet-based survey was conducted to provide descriptive information to academic advisors of students interested in pursuing graduate-level training in forensic psychology. The goals of this survey were to identify forensic psychology graduate programs, categorize these programs by degree type, and examine their coursework content. The results of this survey will be useful to advisors seeking an understanding of the graduate training opportunities available in forensic psychology.


Can cultural sociology and organizational sociology make a good couple? Can they bring out the best in each other? Can they grow together, so that each one reaches their full potential? Each member of this couple has its flaws. Cultural sociology, with its insistence on examining the meaning of everything, can sometimes talk in circles, reflecting back on its own subjectivity, so that others wonder if we are really getting anywhere. Organizational sociology can be so darn rational, single-mindedly pursuing goals without stepping back to consider what it all means. Should these two really be together? It is not all that original to say, but it turns out that sometimes flaws can


In this paper we investigate the influence of organisational culture on the use of systems development methodologies. The results are based on a survey that was conducted in 2011 in South Africa in which 125 organisations participated. 74% of the participating organisations used at least one systems development methodology. Agile type systems development methodologies were used in 68% of the participating organisations, and traditional type systems development methodologies by 62.4% of the respondents. We determined that IS departments can have one of the following cultures: a strong comprehensive culture, a moderate hierarchical and rational oriented culture, a strong group and developmental oriented culture, a weak comprehensive culture, a very strong comprehensive culture, and a moderate non-hierarchical culture. In order to determine if organisational culture has an influence on the use of systems development methodologies, regression analysis was performed.The results indicated a positive relationship between the group culture dimension and the vertical (intensity) use of systems development methodologies, and a negative relationship between the developmental and hierarchical culture dimensions and the vertical (intensity) use of systems development methodologies. Organisations with a more hierarchical culture orientation seem to be using systems development methodologies for a longer time than other organisations. We also investigated whether certain organisational cultural dimensions are more conducive for successful information systems development. Positive relationships exist between the success of the development process and the rational culture dimension, and the success of the developed system and the developmental culture dimension.


The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has recently become much more interested in 'engaging' with civil society than it has been in the past but, at present, seems uncertain about exactly what the relationship should be. Although there is now a burgeoning literature on 'global civil society', it is not clear, at least at first sight, that this literature provides much guidance. One reason for that is that the Fund is often not asking the same questions as the literature on global civil society. It is not primarily motivated by the desire to create a more satisfactory national or international democracy. The Fund still sees itself in technocratic and economic terms. Officially at least, good governance is not any of its business unless governance issues 'have a significant current or potential impact on macroeconomic performance in the short and medium term'. That technocratic economic perspective, in which politics should be avoided where possible, colours the Fund's engagement with civil society. Its interest in civil society is largely instrumental, driven by problems with legitimacy. The Fund is primarily interested in engaging civil society in an effort to improve the quality of Fund policy and enhance the chances of implementation. It does not believe it has any direct role in democratisation, much less grassroots empowerment. This article starts off from the Fund point of view. It adopts a top–down approach, which asks whether (and how) civil society engagement might help to deal with problems of legitimacy and the problems with implementation that spring from them. The central argument of the article is that thinking about civil society (including the Fund's thinking) needs to be disaggregated into at least two complementary but also fundamentally different conceptions: one stresses the importance of civil society as society's self-organisation independent of (and perhaps against) the state, while the other stresses civil society interaction with the state in achieving the collective good. When we do that, it becomes clear that the relationship between the Fund's technical policy preferences and civil society enthusiasm is not as straightforward as the Fund would like it to be. Civil society is not just a site of apolitical self-organisation; it is also a site of political conflict and debate. There are difficult questions about how that debate is to be managed


This article briefly traces the historical conceptualization of linguistic and cultural immersion through technological applications, from the early days of locally networked computers to the cutting-edge technologies known as virtual reality and augmented reality. Next, the article explores the challenges of immersive technologies for the field of foreign language education. Finally, a set of priority areas and research questions is posited to guide the thinking of foreign language educators over the next 50 years in their understanding of what constitutes immersion—virtual or otherwise.


ABSTRACT The stringency of crRNA-protospacer DNA base pair matching required for effective CRISPR-Cas interference is relatively low in crenarchaeal Sulfolobus species in contrast to that required in some bacteria. To understand its biological significance we studied crRNA-protospacer interactions in Sulfolobus islandicus REY15A which carries multiple, and functionally diverse, interference complexes. A range of mismatches were introduced into a vector-borne protospacer that was identical to spacer 1 of CRISPR locus 2, with a cognate CCN PAM sequence. Two important crRNA annealing regions were identified on the 39 bp protospacer, a strong primary site centered on nucleotides 3 – 7 and a weaker secondary site at nucleotides 21 – 25. Multiple mismatches introduced into remaining protospacer regions did not seriously impair interference. Extending the study to different protospacers demonstrated that the efficacy of the secondary site was greatest for protospacers with higher G+C contents. In addition, the interference effects were assigned specifically to the type I-A dsDNA-targeting module by repeating the experiments with mutated protospacer constructs that were transformed into an S. islandicus mutant lacking type III-Bα and III-Bβ interference gene cassettes, which showed similar interference levels to those of the wild-type strain. Parallels are drawn to the involvement of 2 annealing sites for microRNAs on some eukaryal mRNAs which provide enhanced binding capacity and specificity. A biological rationale for the relatively low crRNA-protospacer base pairing stringency among the Sulfolobales is considered.


In order to solve the identification confusion in multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems, an efficient blind channel estimation algorithm based on second-order statistics was developed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing multi-input-multi-output (OFDM-MIMO) systems. The algorithm analyzes the system in the frequency domain, then simplifies the finite-impulse-response channel estimate into several memoryless systems. The algorithm uses the channel correlation in the frequency domain to greatly reduce the computation complexity and the number of required samples. The OFDM-MIMO structure with pilot insertion eliminates the ambiguity of blind identification. Analysis of the estimation accuracy and the subcarrier channel capacity shows that the normalized mean square error (NMSE) of the algorithm is about 10~(-2) for a 2-input-2-output OFDM-MIMO system with 1 024 subcarriers and that the blind algorithm helps the system to achieve more capacity than that of training based systems in fast-varying channels.


Constant Amplitude (CA), Zero Auto Correlation (ZAC) sequences (or CAZAC sequences, aka perfect sequences) have numerous applications. We generalize the CAZAC notion to what we term as CASAC by permitting small autocorrelations (SAC). We extend Björck's classification result of two-valued CAZAC sequences by providing a complete classification of all almost 2-valued (i.e., two-valued except for the first position which uses a third value) CASAC sequences. While Björck's original work dealt only with primes p, we extend his ideas to any abelian group of order $v\equiv 1\pmod {4}$ , as opposed to restricting just to the prime fields GF(p). Björck sequences have better ambiguity function than Zadoff-Chu sequences, making them suitable for radar and communications applications in the presence of high Doppler shifts. In fact, the discrete narrow band ambiguity function has an optimal bound in case of Björck sequences (as opposed to Gauss sequences). A one-parameter infinite family of CASAC we construct would have applications in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) areas. Toward MIMO applications, we introduce a performance measure we term as cross merit factor to study cross correlation behavior, generalizing the well-known notion of Golay Merit Factor (GMF).


A number of recent studies have emphasized that the psychological effects of a given drug are not entirely a function of the drug's more classic "pharmacological properties." On the contrary, as pointed out by Lasagna et al., "the nature of the subject and the situation in which a drug is administered are important determinants of drug effects."1The point of view which Lasagna has presented is supported by the results of Hill et al.2and of Kornetsky.3These investigators have demonstrated that an informal, friendly attitude by the experimenter toward the subject affects the analgesic effect of morphine, and that reaction time is not decreased when subjects are motivated by electric shock.4Von Felsinger et al.5have concluded that those subjects who respond atypically to one drug are likely to respond atypically to other drugs. The present studies have been designed to obtain further data


Constructing and innovating the pattern of art education should break through the old mode intrepidly, realize the mechanism of cross-discipline education,and strengthen the guidance of art practice.It is also essential to combine various teaching factors,upgrade the artistic course contents,reform the teaching methods and build the evalu- ation system.


Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of Zonisamide (ZON), Felbamate (FELB), Lamotrigine (LMTR), 10-Hydroxycarbamazipine (OXCARB), Carbamazepine Epoxide (CARBEP), and Pentobarbital (PENTO) is essential in developing the regimen to produce the best clinical outcomes while monitoring for possible toxicity. Historically, both HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS have been used for the quantification of these types of drugs. HPLC-UV is often subject to interferences and extended run times. Because of this, there has been a shift to LC-MS/MS methods which are often simple, fast, robust, and suffer from less interferences. Our objective was to develop a simple, robust, and accurate LC-MS/MS method to replace the HPLC-UV methodology.

 Serum (50 µL) and IS solution (100 µL; Zonisamide-13C6, Lamotrigine-13C,15N4, (±)-10,11-Dihydro-10-hychoxycarbamazepine-13C6, Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide-13C6, Felbamate-D4, Pentobarbital-D5 in methanol with 0.5% acetic acid) were vortex mixed and centrifuged. Supernatant (50 µL) was mixed with 950 µL of water and vortexed mixed. Extract was injected on a Thermo Accucore C18 column. A quantifier and qualifier transition was monitored for all analytes. Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) was performed in positive mode for all analytes except for PENTO (negative). Total chromatographic time for the 17 analytes is 7.31 min.

 No ion suppression, differential matrix effect, or interferences were observed. Analytical Measurement Range (AMR) data for the initial 6 analytes is presented in Table 1. The coefficient of variation (%CV) was <2.8% for ZON, <4.3% for FELB, <7.3% for LMTR, <3.8% for OXCARB, <3.0% for CARBEP, and <3.5% for PENTO. Method comparison with a previously validated method were acceptable (Table 1).

 This simple, robust, and accurate LC-MS/MS method has been validated for the initial 6 anlytes and has been determined to be acceptable for clinical use. Validation of the remaining 11 analytes is ongoing (Pregabalin, Gabapentin, Levetiracetam, Ethosuximide, Lacosamide, Rufinamide, Primidone, Lamotrigine, Topiramate, Brivaracetam, and Perampanel).


Agricultural informatization is prerequisite to agricultural modernization and significant for farmers to set out on a road to prosperity.This study proposed some solutions of information into family after the analysis of actualities of China rural informatization infrastructure as well as the reason why the utilization rate of agricultural information resources was of low efficiency.An emphasis was laid on the roles of telephone and cell phone short messages.Finally an instructive discussion was presented on the agricultural informatization construction.


This study aims to describe the relationship between vocabulary mastery and short story writing skills of Class IX students of SMPN 1, Guguak District, Lima Puluh Kota. This type of quantitative research using the method of population correlation in this study is a class IX. The research sample was taken using a cluster random sampling technique of 22 people. With the results of the study showed that the vocabulary mastery of Grade IX students was in the category of good qualifications with an average value of 80.45 on a range of 86-95% on a scale of 10. Second, short story writing skills are in more than adequate qualifications with an average value of 73 on a range of 66-75% on a scale of 10. Third, there is a significant relationship between the two variables because t arithmetic is greater than t table 2.3091 greater than 2,086. From the results of these correlations it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between vocabulary mastery of short story writing skills
 Keywords: mastery, vocabulary, writing skills, short stories


The paper studies the schedule problem of cross docking distribution in the situation of two machines,which objective function is the total weighted completion time.First,it studies the computational complexity and some features of optimal solution;Second,a heuristic algorithm is developed;and at last,the computational experiment shows that the heuristic algorithm and the improved algorithm have better effect.


devote to patient education. There is no evidence to suggest that the office nurses in this study are unique. In all likelihood, this is a national problem. The MDRTC has developed both a continuing education prograM5 for office nurses and a modular-based patient education curriculum6.7 for NIDDM patients suitable for use in an office or other outpatient setting. This curriculum contains brief, single concept modules and is designed to facilitate systematic and convenient educational follow-up. However, developing and evaluating such programs is clearly only part of the solution. This study presents a difficult dilemma because a major portion of the diabetes care and education that occurs in this country is, and will probably continue to be, provided in the offices of private community physicians. The office nurses who provide much of that patient care and education need to be knowledgeable about diabetes to carry out their role.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) make it possible to gather information about the physical world in novel ways and in unprecedented levels of detail. In the environmental sciences, in particular, WSNs are on the way to becoming an important tool for monitoring spatially- and temporally-extended physical phenomena. However, support for high-level and expressive spatio-analytic tasks to explore relationships between spatially referenced entities (e.g., whether mist is over a vineyard or has not yet touched it) and to derive representations grounded on such relationships (e.g., the geometrical extent of that part of a vineyard that is covered by mist) is still incipient, particularly in the case of in-network processing approaches that are imperative, due to energy scarcity, in mote-level WSNs. This paper describes distributed implementations of a comprehensive collection of spatio-algebraic operations that enable the expression and evaluation of tasks involving spatial predicates as well as the derivation of new geometries from existing geometries. This makes it possible to report back only fine-grained information.


As discussed in the last edition of this column (MLW, May 2006), diffusion in conventional (non-chemically amplified) resists has a very predictable (and undesirable) impact on resolution. The effects of diffusion can be determined by convolving the pre-diffusion latent image with a diffusion "point spread function", which for Fickean (constant diffusivity) diffusion is simply a Gaussian whose sigma is equal to the diffusion length.


In wireless LANs, throughput is one of, if not the most, important performance metric. This metric becomes more critical at the bottleneck area of the network, which is normally the area around the Access Point (AP). In this paper, we propose SI-CCMAC, a sender initiating concurrent cooperative MAC for wireless LANs. It is designed to improve the throughput performance in the region near the AP through cooperative communication, where data is forwarded through a two-hop high data-rate link instead of a low data-rate direct link. Further-more, nodes are coordinated to enable concurrent transmissions to further increase throughput. The coordination part of SICCMAC is modeled as a vertex coloring problem, a maximum independent set problem and a MDP problem, depending on different scenarios. For all three modeling, solutions can be found, based on the existing algorithms to optimize the throughput performance while guaranteeing a max-min fairness. Through simulation, we show that SI-CCMAC can significantly shorten the transmission time for stations with low data rate links to the AP and it has better throughput performance than other MAC protocols, such as CoopMAC and legacy IEEE 802.11.


We present the development of the extended Skyrme N2LO pseudopotential in the case of spherical even-even nuclei calculations. The energy density functional is first presented. Then we derive the mean-field equations and discuss the numerical method used to solve the resulting fourth-order differential equation together with the behavior of the solutions at the origin. Finally, a fitting procedure for such an N2LO interaction is discussed and we provide a first parametrization. Typical ground-state observables are calculated and compared against experimental data.


This paper is concerned with the meaning, function and form of noun phrases headed by abstract nouns such as objective, problem or assumption. These nouns, labelled here as 'shell nouns', have been extensively investigated but, so far, the research focus has been on a limited range of patterns, meanings and functions. This is demonstrated here through a review of three widely held assumptions about shell nouns, namely that they are contextually unspecific and semantically abstract, that they encapsulate or package stretches of text, and that they favour definite and demonstrative determiners (e.g. this, these). The value of this paper, therefore, lies in its critical review and appraisal of previous and current research on shell-nounhood, with special emphasis on its complexity and on some of the challenges and gaps to be addressed and filled in by future research.


This article provides an examination of the growth of this branch of chemistry over the course of the past decades.


Objective To establish a rapid test for detecting urine cytokeration 20(CK20) in order to screen bladder tumor by examining urine.Methods The test strips made by our labolatory were used to detect the urine samples from the patients with bladder cancer,benign urinary tract diseases and the normal volunteers respectively.Results The cell strains contained CK20 were incubated into mouse abdominal cavity to produce ascitic fluid contained CK20 monoclonal antibody.The titer of the antibody was 1:106.Western-blotting showed to obtain cleansing CK20 monoclonal antibody.The posivite rate of this method was 78%(39/50),the specificness was 87% for bladder transitional cell carcinoma(TCC).The differences between the tumor group and the control group were significant(P0.005).Conclusion CK20 test trips shows high specificity and sensitivity.It is easy to operate and spread even at quite simple laboratorys.The colloid gold test strip is real worthy of quickly screening bladder cancer and observing the therapeutical effect.


A new dual polarized aperture coupled microstrip antenna array is proposed. Based on the analysis of the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, the design of an 8×2 array is presented and investigated. The thickness of the array is only 1 8mm. The experimental results show that the bandwidth of VSWR1 5 reaches 4 8%, and the cross polarization level is better than -23dB, while the isolation between the dual polarization ports is 30dB. This array can be used as a sub array of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system by connecting it with the active transmitter/receiver (T/R) components.


The Pompeii Premise is one of the worst theoretical and methodological mistakes ever made in Archaeology as a science, as surveys on formation processes of the archaeological record have pointed out. In this work we disagree with its usual presence in the archaeology of Iberian Peninsula, particularly in the study of Neolithic and Copper Age ditched enclosures, which we will use as a case study.


Understanding the surface radiation budget is important for several reasons. At the global and large temporal scales, it should balance with the sum of surface latent and sensible heat fluxes and ocean heating. At regional scales, it is an indispensable boundary condition for ocean or snow models or any other models that need energy input to the surface. NASA's Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project provides surface irradiance data products for a range of temporal and spatial scales computed using a radiative transfer model initialized using satellite-derived cloud and aerosol properties. Other inputs to the radiative transfer model include temperature and humidity profiles from NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office's (GMAO) reanalysis. The CERES team uses more than 80 surface observation sites located over land and ocean to evaluate computed irradiances. When computed monthly 1degree by 1 degree gridded mean downward irradiances are compared with 10 years of observed irradiances, the bias averaged over all land and ocean sites are, respectively, -1.7 Wm −2 and 4.7 Wm−2 for shortwave and -1.0 Wm −2 and -2.0 Wm−2 for longwave. The shortwave agreement is significantly better than other satellitebased surface irradiance products. One of reasons for the better agreement is careful treatment of diurnal cycle of clouds by merging 3-hourly geostationary satellite-derived cloud properties. In addition, computed surface irradiance variability shows a remarkable agreement with observed variability. However, these data sets have their shortcomings. The uncertainty in nighttime surface longwave irradiance over polar regions is larger than that of other regions primarily due to the difficulty of cloud detection and large uncertainties in skin temperature and near-surface temperature and humidity. The large uncertainty in polar region surface irradiances hampers, for example, investigation of surface radiation budget changes in response to changes in sea ice extent. In this presentation, we present an evaluation of the current CERES products and discuss ways these products can be improved in the future.


The paper presents a preliminary study needed to carry out a kinematic calibration procedure for a mini pointing device. The latter inherits its kinematics from a conventional five-bar linkage. A sensitivity analysis of all the geometric parameters involved in the kinematic model of the device is performed within the device workspace. A model is proposed by assuming a non overconstrained kinematics for the machine. Such assumption allows to consider a coupled rotational and translational motion of its moving platform, that is usually designed to have a fixed center of rotation. Results show how the model can be simplified without a significant reduction of its position accuracy, at least in a significant region of the manipulator workspace.


Danzen has been reported as an effective and safe anti inflammatory agent and therefore has been used in this trial in combination with ampicillin tetracycline or erythromycin. Greater success has been achieved with the combine therapy. It has been possible to count in days the saving of recovery time achieved. The proper use of antibiotics in combination with anti inflammatory agents is not only scientifically sound, but may also be life saving. It is not surprising that these advantages create new possibilities for the. medical service to the public. Key world: Antibiotic – Anti inflammatory – Dental Infection INTRODUCTION Until a precise bacteriologic diagnosis established, therapy must be based upon clinical judgment. When a serious infection must be treated, a diagnosis only is not sufficient. A presumptive etiologic diagnosis should be made, based upon probability and initial therapy begins with the most promising drug. Knowledge of the location of the primary focus often suggests the species of microorganism likely to be present. This may govern the initial therapy until bacteriologic confirmation is secured. The bacteriologic results and in vitro sensitivity patterns are very important in programming the therapy. But nevertheless those results are secondary in importance to the clinical response. If the clinical response is favorable, the therapy can be continued even though the sensitivity test indicates that the drug used was not effective in vitro. It is the purpose of this paper to collect data relating to the combine inflammatory agent. However, these observations are made on outpatients suffering from dental infections or abscesses, the possibility of using the therapy in the initial treatment is discussed. From the combine therapy we may expect :