The use of feedback-induced bifurcation experiments for discriminating between rival models for the CO-02 reaction over supported silver is investigated. Model parameters are estimated or bounded by fitting the postulated kinetic mechanisms to steady-state and transient step-response data. Experimental steady-state bifurcation data is accurately reproduced by the models but each model fails to simulate adequately the Hopf bifurcation results. The dynamic bifurcation results are found to be sensitive to small time-scale dynamics that could not be resolved from the step-response experiments. Long transients in the catalyst activity are observed that cannot be reproduced by the kinetic models.


Security issues are paramount in mobile ad hoc networks even more so than in wired networks. Though there have been many works in the recent years on secure routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks still ad hoc networks are prone to specific attacks such as packet drop attacks. In this paper, we bring out the vulnerabilities and seriousness of the packet drop attacks. We propose an obligation based enforcement approach called "fellowship" to defend the packet drop attacks in mobile ad hoc networks.


Todays' world is the world of competition among business enterprises to seize the market and attract the customers. Accordingly, the main focus of the competition is to employ methods and strategies to attract customers. Competition is among the issues that economists always speak of as a strategy for economic growth and optimal utilization of economic resources. Increased competition and efficiency in market may result in an increase in the quality and diversity of services and decrease in costs. In this study, it was attempted to examine the relationship between competition in industry and efficiency in banks, insurance companies, and other financial intermediaries listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, data of 28 banks, insurance companies, other financial intermediaries as well as panel data model were used. The results indicated that there is a significant and direct relationship between concentration in industry and enhancement of market power and the efficiency of banks, insurance companies and other financial intermediaries listed in Tehran Stock Exchange.


When nicotinamide is added to a solution of blood in N/10 sodium hydroxide, and the mixture reduced with sodium dithionite, a haemochrome is formed with two well marked absorption bands. This obser...


In the matter of social development, though Kerala stands ahead of all other states in India, the pattern of distribution of social and economic opportunities within the state is highly inequitable among different social groups. Self help groups (SHG) are vehicles for social, political and financial intermediation of the state. Clustering analysis is one of the main analytical methods in data mining; the method of clustering algorithm will influence the clustering results directly. K-means and Fuzzy C-Means Algorithms are popular methods in cluster analysis. In this paper we have evaluated the socioeconomic developments of SHG in various districts in Kerala state using cluster analysis. The data's were collected by field survey and interviews. The parameters considered for the study include the regularity of the members in attending meetings and training, social and economic benefits gained by the members in personal level, cluster level and society level, rate of employment and earning members in the family and literacy and educational level of SHG members.


Objective
To investigate the laboratory indexes changes of cardiotoxicity before and after pirarubicin(THP)chemotherapy in children with hepatoblastoma(HB).

Methods
The clinical data of 76 cases were collected whose were postoperative HB children and were given THP chemotherapy from January 2012 to June 2015 in our hospital.Changes of serum laboratory indexes including N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)and creatine kinase isoenzymes(CKMB)were analyzed by statistical methods between pre-treatment and post-treatment with THP.

Results
There was no definite cardiotoxicity case in 76 children with HB.The serum NT-proBNP level of pre-treatment was(80.93±74.13)ng/L and the level of post-treatment was(211.85±211.42)ng/L.The changes of serum NT-proBNP showed statistical difference(P=0.00, P 0.05). The pre-treatment level of CKMB was(23.08±13.52)U/L and post-treatment level was(30.90±13.92)U/L.The changes of serum CKMB level showed statistically difference(P=0.00, P<0.05).

Conclusion
The serum NT-proBNP level of postoperative HB was significantly increased after given THP chemotherapy, which might have a certain clinical significance for early monitoring of cardiotoxicity.

Key words:
Cardiotoxicity; NT-proBNP; CKMB; Hepatoblastoma


We deposited ZnO thin Alms on single-crystal p-type Silicon <100> substrates by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering method. The ZnO thin films deposited at room temperature by DC magnetron sputtering were annealed, when powers were 60, 90 and 120W, and temperature were 400, 500, 600 and 700 degC respectively. Analyzed microstructure of the ZnO thin films by X-ray diffraction (XRD).Observed Cross-sectional view of the ZnO thin films by a Scanning Electron Micro-spectra (SEM), when power was 60W and thickness of the ZnO thin films were 90.31nm approximately. The experimental result shows, the ZnO thin films deposited at room temperature will represent higher preferential C-axis orientation along with increasing powers and annealed temperatures, I-V characteristics of the ZnO thin films at 60W display a nanometer effect.


WITHIN the last few months a discovery has been made at Athens which has given rise to wide-spread and unusual interest among students of ancient art. In a small yard, in the rear of a modern facto...


The photoemission dependences on angles χ(θ) are investigated for the first time for dynamical diffraction of X-rays by double-layer structures called bicrystals. It is shown that the pendellosung effect can be observed and is much more distinct with the χ(θ) curves than with the R(θ) rocking curves. Experimental dependences χ(θ) and R(θ) are obtained for real bicrystals – the epitaxial structures of Ge, GaAs, and Ga1-xAlxAs (x = 0.41). A high sensitivity of χ(θ) to the strain gradient is shown for the transition layer between the substrate and the film.

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As one of the monitoring modes, video monitoring in stationary scenes is widely used nowadays. To improve video SNR(signal to noise ratio) in stationary scenes, an adaptive 3D de-noising scheme based on background subtraction algorithm and blocks judgment method was presented. The multi-frame-average method based on inter-frame difference was applied to estimate the background. The weighted average value of the average frame and the original background frame is used to update the background,and the temporal filtering will be completed while updating background. The moving pixels are detected using background difference algorithm firstly and judged again with blocks judgment method. The proposed algorithm is implemented on the DSP platform. Experimental results of low SNR video show that the noise is reduced obviously, the majority of edges and details are retained simultaneously avoiding ghosting, thus achieving a significant improvement in video quality.


Framework 1, a freely rotating turnstile, is transformed by sequential metal ion addition into the coordination-based double-minimum rotors [M2(1)]2n+ that operate at 8 kHz (M = Zn2+; n = 2) and 30 kHz (M = Cu+; n = 1). In a network with the fluorescent receptor 2, the metal ion exchange at [M2(1)]2n+ and thus indirectly the rotor speed is reported by distinct fluorescence changes at 2.


Understanding the law of blood that comes out of a woman's vagina is very important, because it will affect the activities of worship, mu'amalah, and munakahat. If a woman can distinguish the blood that comes out, it will be easy for her to experience it. When a woman confused by the blood. In contrast to women who can not distinguish the blood that comes out and also forgets the habits that happened to her, then many questions and doubts will arise about the blood that comes out of her vagina. In this case, the main problem and purpose of the study is how the views of the Four Imams of the School on menstrual blood and blood istihadhah also similarities and differences of opinion on menstrual blood and blood istihadhah. This thesis uses a type of qualitative research, where this research does not use numbers as data. The method of data analysis used is descriptive content analysis, explaining and providing a broad and in -depth picture of the views of the four Imams of the School on menstrual blood and istihadhah blood. As primary data are Kitab Madzahibul Arba'ah and Kitab Bidayatul Mujtahid. While the secondary data used is other literature relevant to the title of this script. About data collection techniques is to use library research techniques. So the result of this study is that the four Imams of the Madhhab agree that menstruating women are women who are prevented from performing some acts of worship, but this does not apply to istihadhah women. There are similarities and differences of opinion of the four Imams of the Madhhab regarding menstrual blood and istihadhah blood. Like the early age and menopause, the minimum and maximum time of menstruation, the color and nature of the blood, an-naqa ', and the sacred signs of menstruation for women who experience it.
Keywords: Imam, Menstruation, Istihadhah


Samples of the moss Tortula ruralis were desiccated either rapidly or slowly to different tissue water contents to determine the limits of desiccation tolerance. Experimental samples were rehydrated rapidly by contact with wet filter paper, and gas exchange, chlorophyll content, electrolyte efflux, and linear growth rate were compared with those of control samples. Drying to 0.30–0.089 g H2O∙g dry weight−1 did not significantly affect the moss. Slow drying to 0.058–0.008 g H2O∙g dry weight−1 caused temporary increases in dark respiration and electrolyte leakage, and a slight inhibition of growth. Rapid drying of the same water contents caused visible injury, reduced total chlorophyll and the ratio of chlorophyll a:b, greatly enhanced electrolyte efflux, and severely inhibited gross photosynthesis and linear growth. The damaging effects of rapid drying could be eliminated either by partial desiccation for 1–3 h before rapid drying, or by placing the dry moss in a 100% relative humidity (RH) atmosphere for ...


A high speed ball screw driving system generates considerable heat and causes significant thermal expansion, which affects the accuracy of position. In order to properly deal with thermal errors and resultant thermal deformation, continuous precision thermal monitoring along the ball screw shaft is required. However, the working temperature of the ball screw shaft is difficult to measure online. Therefore, in this paper we propose a soft sensor based on an extreme learning machine (ELM) method for predicting the distributions of temperature rises on the ball screw shaft of a feed drive. ELM is an emerging learning algorithm for single-hidden layer feedforward neural networks (SLFNs) training that has recently attracted many researchers' interest due to its impressive generalisation performance at fast training speed. The performance of the ELM soft-sensor is investigated on the thermal expansion process of the ball screw system simulated by the finite element method (FEM). The results show that the ELM-based soft sensor provides good generalisation performance with much faster speed than the traditional backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN).


Briggs and Stratton 190400 Propane Kit uses a spud tube that is drilled into the carburetor and creates a dedicated propane system.


Bina Tunas library is a library was managed by Senior High School 3 Pemalang. The main function of this library is to provide services to members, particularly related to students lending. Non computerized system is still used in this library to handle data management and circulation processes, this fact enable the occurrence of violations and disadvantages for both students and the library. The problem start from a slow circulation, sloppy data management, inaccurate fines and possibility of book losing.
According to the issues, it is necessary to build a system that capable to handle data management and circulation of books, so the library�s service could become more optimal. The system is capable to handle data management process, integrated transaction processes, lending activity report, fines report and report of books collection.
Library Information Systems of Senior High School 3 Pemalang was built using laravel framework and MySQL database. Expected outcomes of this research is the library service would be more efficient when the system is implemented.


The behavioral control of diabetes mellitus can improve the quality of life through specific behaviorplanning. In the theory of planned behavior, the intentions are needed to bring up a person's behavior. A person can act on his intentions if he has control over his behavior. To control the behavior, the role of locus of control is required. Therefore, the research was conducted to investigate the effect of locus of control on the intention of diabetes mellitus patients in performing the diabetes mellitus control. This type of research was explanatory research using cross sectional design. The instrument of diabetic locus of control scale was used to collect the data. Consecutive sampling technique was used to obtain 134 samples. The data were analyzed by simple linear regression. The findings showed that 88,1% of respondents tend to have an internal locus of control and 98,6% of respondents have a strong intention to control the DM. Simple linear regression test results indicate that the locus of control significantly affect the diabetic patients' intention to perform the control (p=0,032). The findings of the effect of locus of control on the intention of DM patients have implications for the need of the provision of information and positivesupportconsistently in order to become a source of a filler control center that initiated the emergence of a strong intention to conduct the DM control.


A safe password luggage comprises a luggage body, wherein a safety protection device is embedded into the luggage body and comprises a main controller, a control module, an electronic lock, an iris recognition module, an alarm, a communication and wireless transmission module, a satellite positioning module, a fingerprint recognition module, a power supply module and a data memory module, wherein the control module, the electronic lock, the iris recognition module, the alarm, the communication and wireless transmission module, the satellite positioning module, the fingerprint recognition module, the power supply module and the data memory module are connected with the main controller and receive and execute an instruction of the main controller. According to the technical scheme, the safe password luggage has the benefits as follows: 1), the iris recognition module and the fingerprint recognition module are arranged in the safety protection device and can effectively prevent illegal opening of the luggage; 2), the alarm, a camera and the communication and wireless transmission module are arranged, related information about illegal opening can be timely transmitted to a legal luggage manager; and 3), a satellite positioning system is arranged in the luggage and can position and track the position of the luggage in real time.


Rationale
 Against a backdrop of weaker global and euro area activity, in 2023 to date the Spanish economy has shown notable resilience compared with other European economies. This article aims to illustrate some of the factors explaining this greater strength.
 Takeaways
 •The differences between the sectoral composition of the Spanish economy and that of the euro area seem to explain in part the greater buoyancy of activity in Spain.
 •Spain has less trade exposure to China (whose recent slowdown is one of the main factors behind the global economic slowdown) than the other euro area economies.
 •The Spanish economy continuing to outperform the euro area over the coming quarters will depend on how lower expected growth in manufacturing is passed-through to services or whether tourism loses momentum.


Muscle texture measurements were performed on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using two different instrumental methods; The Texture Profile Analysis, which is a uniaxial compression test, and the Warner-Brazler shear test. The performances of the two tests were evaluated as to their ability to differentiate between recently killed salmon and salmon stored on ice for up to 24 days. Both tests performed well, but the shear test was slightly more sensitive than the compression test. Further, salmon were either starved or fed for two weeks prior to slaughter. The muscle from fed salmon lost its strength slightly faster than that from starved salmon, but this difference was only detectable during the first two days of chilled storage. The effects of temperature, fish size and degree and mode of deformation on the instrumental test results were studied and were found to be significant. Also, the sample geometry, ie the thickness of the fillet was found to have a very significant effect on the TPA-test results.


This paper examines the economic effects of existing private property rights on First Nations' reserves. We focus on three forms of land tenure regimes: lawful possession, designated land, and permits. These land regimes have been used to create individual land holdings, and grant, secure and transferable, rights of use of reserve land to band and non-band members. Using confidential Census micro-data and rich administrative data, we find evidence of improvements in home ownership and housing conditions, as well as increments in band's public spending. However, we do not find significant effects on household income nor employment outcomes. Instead, we document a sizeable increase in non-Aboriginal population. Our findings suggest that some caution is warranted when discussing the potential economic benefits of property rights reforms for First Nations' communities.


Objective: To evaluate role of Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopy and CT scan in various Sinonasaldiseases with regards to diagnosis and surgical intervention. methods: This prospective study was carried on All patients were evaluated


This article mainly analyses the development condition of medical tourism in Shandong,and makes a comprehensive evaluations on the economic,the social and environmental effect analyses of it.Finally,this paper carries out some proposals to upgrade the benefit of this event.


This article examines the approach taken by courts in Trinidad and Tobago when analysing the Parliament's power under section 13 of the Constitution to derogate from constitutionally guaranteed rights protected under section 4. The author analyses inconsistencies in the tests applied by the courts over the years in various cases and considers a different approach that could be adopted in order to protect citizens' rights while having due deference to the Parliament's power to legislate.


The aim of this paper is to introduce a smart mHealth applicationbased on the augmented reality (AR)-paradigm that can support patients with common problems, related to management of their medicati ...


It has been shown that serotonin (5-HT) plays a role in initiating and maintaining paradoxical sleep.' We extended this finding by demonstrating that 5-HT neurons can reverse the paradoxical sleep deficit induced by neonatal administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Neonatal male Wistar rats (4 days old) received an intracisternal injection of 5,7-DHT (100 pg). An age-matched sham group received a vehicle injection. Three months later, when the adaptations to the loss of the 5-HT system were well formed, the animals were implanted with cortical, hippocampal, electromyographic, and electrooculographic electrodes for sleep-waking cycle study. Seven behavioral stages were defined, and each stage was graded using an automatic sleep-waking scoring system: 1) attentive or active waking with theta activity in the dorsal hippocampus; 2) waking without theta; 3) cortical slow waves, first stage of sleep; 4) cortical spindles as sleep deepens; 5) intermediate stage characterized by spindles and theta activity; 6) paradoxical sleep without eye movement; 7) eye movement periods of paradoxical sleep. The electrophysiological recordings established that total paradoxical sleep level was decreased from 10.5 to 6.4% ( p < .01) whereas the slow wave stage, which corresponds to light sleep, was increased from 21.9 to 28.7% (p < .Ol) in the 5,7-DHT-treated rats when compared to the sham group. The other stage levels were not significantly modified. The 5,7-DHT-treated rats then received injections of a suspension containing dissociated 5-HT neurons taken in 16-day-old embryos in the cisterna magna. One month later, sleep-waking recordings were again performed. The total level of paradoxical sleep increased to 9.6% (p < . O l ) whereas the light sleep decreased to 25.3%. Thus paradoxical sleep and light sleep were restored to nearly normal levels whereas the other stages were not modified. Immunocytochemical observations revealed 1 ) the disappearance or a massive decrease of 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons in the dorsal and medial raphe nuclei and 2) numerous transplanted neurons with processes in the tissue surrounding the fourth ventricle.


This paper uses cross country regression analysis to try to explain the variation in cross country cross country intelligence within the framework of an intelligence production function model. It proposes that average country intelligence is positively related to food security, healthy security, and education, but negatively related to income inequality. The empirical findings of the paper tend to provide statistical verification for each of these contentions. Intellectual ability is critical not just for the operation of modern technologically sophisticated economy, but is also essential for rapid economic advancement through innovation, creativity, the development of new and improved products, and the introduction of new means of production. Intellectual ability, as measured by average country IQ scores, varies substantially across countries. As a consequence, countries with lower average level of intelligence are at a distinct disadvantage with regard to economic growth and development relative to other countries. This paper assumes that the level of intelligence is a product of a society that can be changed through appropriate changes in environmental, institutional, and cultural conditions. If this is the case, then it is a potentially highly profitable to understand the intelligence production process, to identify important variables in intelligence production function, in society. If the variables can be identified, then policy can be designed to promote favorable factors and to downplay unfavorable ones so as to enhance average societal intelligence. The central hypothesis of the paper is that conditions, some of which if made known could actually be subject to conscious policy control, matter, are critical, for the development of the modern intelligence of the people of a country. Four potential environmentally conditioning variables are considered and are empirically investigated for possible influence on the production of national intelligence. They are f


Relational equi-joins are at the heart of almost every query plan. They have been studied, improved, and reexamined on a regular basis since the existence of the database community. In the past four years several new join algorithms have been proposed and experimentally evaluated. Some of those papers contradict each other in their experimental findings. This makes it surprisingly hard to answer a very simple question: what is the fastest join algorithm in 2015? In this paper we will try to develop an answer. We start with an end-to-end black box comparison of the most important methods. Afterwards, we inspect the internals of these algorithms in a white box comparison. We derive improved variants of state-of-the-art join algorithms by applying optimizations like~software-write combine buffers, various hash table implementations, as well as NUMA-awareness in terms of data placement and scheduling. We also inspect various radix partitioning strategies. Eventually, we are in the position to perform a comprehensive comparison of thirteen different join algorithms. We factor in scaling effects in terms of size of the input datasets, the number of threads, different page sizes, and data distributions. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of various joins on an (unchanged) TPC-H query. Finally, we conclude with a list of major lessons learned from our study and a guideline for practitioners implementing massive main-memory joins. As is the case with almost all algorithms in databases, we will learn that there is no single best join algorithm. Each algorithm has its strength and weaknesses and shines in different areas of the parameter space.


Field experiments can teach important facts about the political world to both political scientists and political elites, whose shared interest in how that world actually works should encourage greater collaboration between the two. Nonetheless, for political scientists, conducting field experiments with elites can seem prohibitively challenging. Drawing on four field experiments with political elites, two in Benin and two in Canada, we outline key lessons on negotiating and conducting field experiments with political elites. Specifically, we outline how ethical concerns can be addressed and overcome. We discuss how the expectations and timelines of campaigns and elites can be managed, particularly when they (appear to conflict) with academic timing and process. Finally, we outline several general concerns about implementation of field experiments and provide some unique solutions.


A new series of quaternary magnetic Fe80-xCoxP14B6 (x = 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 at. %) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) has been prepared by combining fluxing treatment and J-quenching technique, and the maximum critical diameter for fully glass formation reaches up to 2.0 mm for x = 40 among this series of FeCo-based BMGs. The effects of Co content on glass-forming ability, thermal stability, mechanical and magnetic properties of the present FeCo-based BMGs have been systematically investigated. It is found that the highest thermal stability, namely the highest glass transition temperature (Tg) and the onset crystallization temperature (Tx), is achieved when the ratio of Fe and Co contents is 1:1 in the present FeCo-based BMGs. It should be noted that the maximum Curie temperature reaches 791 K when x = 40, which is the highest Curie temperature for (Fe, Co, Ni)-based BMGs so far as is known. Moreover, the present FeCo-based BMGs exhibit very good soft magnetic properties and large room plasticity, which are prom...


RELIABILITY STUDIES OF TiN/Hf-SILICATE BASED GATE STACKS by Naser Ahmed Chowdhury Hafnium-silicate based oxides are among the leading candidates to be included into the first generation of high-к gate stacks in nano-scale CMOS technology because of their distinct advantages as far as thermal stability, leakage characteristics, threshold stability and low mobility degradation are concerned. Their reliability, which is limited by trapping at pre-existing and stress induced defects, remains to be a major concern. Energy levels of electrically active ionic defects within the thick high-к have been experimentally observed in the context of MOS band diagram for the first time in Hf-silicate gate stacks from low temperature and leakage measurements. Excellent match between experimental and calculated defect levels shows that bulk O vacancies are probably responsible for electron trapping at both shallow and deep levels. Their role in trapping and transport under different gate polarity and band bending conditions has been determined. For gate injection, electron transport through mid-gap states dominates, which leads to slow transient trapping at deep levels. Under substrate injection field and temperature dependent transport through conduction-edge shallow levels or trap-assisted tunneling due to negative-U transition occurs depending on bias condition. The former gives rise to fast transient trapping, whereas the latter is responsible for slow transient trapping. Mixed degradation, due to trapping of both electrons and holes in the trap levels within the bulk high-к, was observed under constant voltage stress (CVS) applied on n-channel MOS capacitors with negative bias condition. Mixed degradation resulted in turn-around effect in flat-band voltage shift (AVFB) with respect to stress time. Under CVS with positive bias, applied on nMOSFETs, lateral distribution of trapped charges in the deep levels causes turn-around effect in threshold voltage shift (A VT) with respect to stress levels. For the incident carrier energies above the calculated O vacancy formation threshold and thick high-k layer, both flatband voltage shift, due to electron trapping at the deep levels, and increase in leakage current during stress follow tn (n 0. 4) power-law dependence under substrate hot electron injection. Negative-U transitions to deep levels are shown to be responsible for the strong correlation between slow transient trapping and trap assisted tunneling. As far as negative bias temperature instability, NBTI effects on pMOSFETs is concerned, AVT is due to the mixed degradation within the bulk high-к for low bias conditions. For moderately high bias, AVT shows an excellent match with that of SiO2, based devices, which is explained by reaction-diffusion (R-D) model of NBTI. Under high bias condition at elevated temperatures, due to high Si-H bond-annealing/bond-breaking ratio, the experimentally observed absence of the impact ionization induced hot holes at the interfacial layer (IL)/Si interface probably limits the interface state generation and AV T as they quickly reach saturation. Time-zero dielectric breakdown (TZBD) characteristics of TiN/HfO2 based gate stacks show that thickness and growth conditions significantly affect the BD field of IL. For the thin high-к layers, BD of IL triggers BD of the gate stack. Otherwise, BD of high-к layer initiates it. During time dependent dielectric breakdown, TDDB, four regimes of degradation are observed under CVS with high gate bias conditions: (i) charge trapping/defect generation, (ii) soft breakdown (SBD), (iii) progressive breakdown and (iv) hard breakdown (HBD). Activation energy of bond-breakage, found from Arrhenius plots of 63% failure value of TBD, shows that IL degradation triggers gate stacks BD, and the wear-out during TDDB. RELIABILITY STUDIES OF TiN/Hf-SILICATE BASED GATE STACKS by Naser Ahmed Chowdhury A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of New Jersey Institute of Technology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering


This research aims at improving dynamic query based information access by using knowledge modelling to narrow the search space. Our objective is to allow users to quickly browse web pages and get the information content related to his/her profile and within semantically relevant dimensions. We have developed an application to link a dynamic query interface to ontologies containing knowledge about customers, products and shopping tasks in an online shop.


The elearning world is rapidly changing. The technology is getting easier to use and each upgrade adds increased functionality. Personal development depends on getting new information and understanding what's happening around us. There are a lot of good resources available and the challenge is actually seeing the information. RSS is still not a very familiar technology; however, it's already very obvious what role RSS will be playing in the future of the Internet. Because the web has become a sprawling network of different services, RSS is helping the web connect these services in an organized fashion - the new Web 2.0. In the coming few years, RSS will definitely be seen on every website and blog. Some RSS ideas, directions and solutions are revealed here, for teachers and instructors, in order to get benefits of using RSS in education.


The multicenter pharmacoepidemiological analytical research was carried on to study the selection of the antibacterial therapy for acute enteric infections among children. It turned out that antibacterial medications are unjustifiably often applied when treating children for acute enteric infections. When selecting a therapy, the doctors do not take into consideration the clinical semiology and severity of the clinical course. The selection of antibiotics witnesses the poor knowledge of the doctors in such areas as pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and safety profile of the antimicrobial medications. Key words: acute enteric infections, children, selection of antibacterial medications.


The strategic aim of all production enterprises is to achieve the highest possible profit, for which they use attributes of lean production that are related and support the reduction of production costs. Using of theoretical knowledge and realization of a detailed analysis of a material flow including mapping of individual production processes it is possible to obtain the necessary data sets identifying savings options by increasing of efficiency, including cost savings. Methods of modelling and simulation were used for the optimization of material flow.


The electric power system in Ireland is undergoing a period of great change. The drivers of this change i.e. market liberalization, high growth in demand, shortage of generation, the need for greenhouse gas emissions abatement are briefly described. The status and plans for wind power developments are outlined. The particular difficulties in the large scale integration of wind power into an island power system are emphasized. The methodology of an ongoing study to assess the likely variability of wind power production is described. The results presented show the benefits of geographic dispersion of the wind power generating capacity and the critical importance of the limit set by the power system operators on the ratio of instantaneous wind power to system demand.


The unprecedented magnitude of the 2013-2016 Ebola virus (EBOV) epidemic in West Africa resulted in over 11,000 deaths and spurred an international public health emergency. A second outbreak in 2018-2020 in DRC resulted in an additional >3400 cases and nearly 2300 deaths (WHO Disease Outbreak News: Update 26 June, 2020). These large outbreaks across geographically diverse regions highlight the need for the development of effective oral therapeutic agents that can be easily distributed for self-administration to populations with active disease or at risk of infection. Herein, we report the in vivo efficacy of N4-hydroxycytidine (EIDD-1931), a broadly active ribonucleoside analog and the active metabolite of the prodrug EIDD-2801 (molnupiravir), in murine models of lethal EBOV infection. Twice daily oral dosing with EIDD-1931 at 200 mg/kg for 7 days, initiated either with a prophylactic dose 2 hours before infection, or as therapeutic treatment starting 6 hours post-infection, resulted in 92-100% survival of mice challenged with lethal doses of EBOV, reduced clinical signs of Ebola virus disease (EVD), reduced serum virus titers, and facilitated weight loss recovery. These results support further investigation of molnupiravir as a potential therapeutic or prophylactic treatment for EVD.


The vibration characteristics of fluid-filled double-walled carbon nanotubes are investigated and vibrational equations are established based on the nonlocal elastic theory and Flugge shell theory in this paper.By considering simple supported boundary conditions,the fundamental frequency of carbon nanotubes is obtained.In the numerical calculation,the effects of wave numbers,geometric and material parameters on vibration frequency are analyzed,while effects of local and nonlocal elastic theories are also discussed.The results showed that the frequency decreased with the increase of the diameter,the length of nanotubes and the value of small scaling parameters.


Rural areas, globally, are characterized as poor regions, with two-thirds of the world's poor people residing in rural areas. In South Africa, 70 percent of the poor population or 3.6 million households, live in rural areas. In the last three State of the Nation Addresses (SONA) in South Africa by President Zuma since 2011, rural development has been placed high on government's developmental agenda. The formulation of a comprehensive rural development policy, with coordinated implementation by all spheres of government is however still lacking. This research project was undertaken to explore solutions for the revival and development of rural areas in South Africa. The northern Free State region was selected as the geographical focus area and "testing ground" for the research. Rural South Africa has been deteriorating over the last few decades mainly due to globalization and urbanization. Two specific tools to achieve accelerated rural development were identified and analysed namely, local economic development (LED) and spatial planning. The research has shown that rural development is a complicated and difficult process. It is not only about agriculture and economic development, but also about other aspects such as spatial planning, social development, the environment, politics and public management aspects. For the purpose of the research, the theoretical statement was stated as "the chronic state of underdevelopment, poverty and unemployment, especially in rural South Africa, with a specific focus on the northern Free State, can be turned around by means of the implementation of revitalization strategies, which include innovative policies and programmes of LED and spatial planning". Rural development requires strong committed local leaders and "champions", skills, patience and funding. The research methodology included a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the concepts relating to rural development, as well as global and local case studies. Local rural development policies were also analysed as currently being implemented by government. Primary research included a community socio-economic survey in the study area to determine levels of rural poverty, unemployment, services delivered by local government and skills. In this survey of poor rural areas and the socio-economic analysis of the northern Free State, it was found that: • close to 50% of all households were living in poverty, • 50.7% of all households lack employment, • 40% of households have an income of less than R 1 500 per month, • The average annual household income in the area relates to just less than R20 000, • The ratio between formal and informal jobs is 1: 0.25, which indicates a low level of informal job opportunities, • Most job opportunities are found in agriculture, manufacturing, community services and households. • The tourism sector only provides in 3.1% of the regional GDP. Local business chambers were also visited in order to determine their perceptions of rural development and local government as well as the level of partnerships with the various local


According to the inadequate of the integrated operation strategy of VCT,an energy saving maximized integrated operation strategy was proposed.A test room was built to simulate the TBS and a control system was developed according to the new control strategy.The test results indicate that the indoor air temperature was in the set range under the new control strategy,and the energy consumption of the fans and the air conditioning was further reduced.


The commercial aviation industry mainly relies on ground-based radar system for air traffic surveillance. This traditional system has a fundamental shortcoming of limited coverage. The outcome of this limitation is expensive nonlinear airplane routing, inefficient utilization of air space, incidents like missing airplane and damaged black box that results in mystery about the cause of the accident, etc. In the recent decade, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) technology is considered for deployment by international aviation authorities as an advance alternate. The space-based ADS-B is recently considered more promising & useful than ground-based ADS-B. Owing to many advantages over the existing radar-based system, it is anticipated by the aviation industry to switch from radar-based system to ADS-B eventually. However, we have highlighted that even space-based ADS-B have some limitations that will prevent it from becoming a single surveillance system for ATC, and restricts it to be only additional support for the existing surveillance system. With the help of our recently proposed Space Air Ground Information Network (SAGIN), we have enlightened that utilization of space information network can resolve not only all these limitations but also aviation industry can be revolutionized.


Postcard showing the "Live Stock Exchange" building in Fort Worth, Texas; off to the left is a building with "Armour & Company" written on the side. The note on the photo says: "I have had a good time fishing since I [] up here." On the reverse side there is a not that reads: "Dear little Mayme, Howdy-do, how is [] and Kay, is she true to cotton? We see you in three days."


Treaties — Conclusion and operation of — Effect on third parties — Individual applicant to European Commission of Human Rights Whether having rights under European Convention for Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms which make him directly concerned in resulting case before European Court of Human Rights. International organization — European Commission and Court of Human Rights — Rights of Commission concerning transmission of its Report to applicant — Extent of competence of Court — Status of individual applicant before the Court. European Court of Human Rights — Extent of competence — Status of individual applicant to European Commission of Human Rights with regard to resulting case before Court. Treaties — Conclusion and operation of — Effect on third parties — Individual applicant to European Commission of Human Rights — Whether having rights under European Convention for Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms which make him directly concerned in resulting case before European Court of Human Rights.


The development of a DC-DC three-port converter (TPC) is proposed in this paper. Through the combination of a bidirectional Ćuk converter and a high frequency transformer with a full-bridge (FB) rectifier circuit, two non-isolated energy ports and one isolated energy port are achieved. A LC series-resonant circuit is employed, resulting in soft-switching in the power switches. The bidirectional Ćuk converter, controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM), and the tank resonant circuit, controlled by pulse frequency modulation (PFM) above the resonance frequency, allow two control variables for the topology. Furthermore, the power switches are shared for the operation of both circuits, reducing the number of active components. Voltage and current regulation are performed for applications with photovoltaic panel and bank of batteries. Operation modes, converter analysis and control strategy of the proposed TPC are presented. Experimental results are implemented to discuss the feasibility of the proposed TPC.


My reflections are not meant as correctives of what Werner Jean rond has said, but they add some aspects to the subject. I will benefit from the situation of not only presenting my own think ing, but responding to that of my host, by expressing myself more freely than I would otherwise have done. What I intend to do is more like the artistic and imaginative initial phase of a new project than like the hard every-day work of the theologian. I will also offer my comments from a Swedish perspective. What I have in mind is primarily the facts and figures which tell us that Sweden is the most secularized country in the world: only


Surveys were conducted assessing level of preparedness of businesses in Eastern Kentucky for the coming wave of Hispanic immigration.   Information was summarized for businesses that have not employed Hispanic workers in the past, including a general overview of the cultural and language barriers providing guidelines to ease the transition.   Specific guidelines were accumulated regarding general cultural differences and language problems. The information has been organized into four areas containing both general and specific concepts.


s, ERIC), in major special education journals, in papers delivered at professional meetings, and in the bibliographies of the studies obtained by these search methods. Even with such extensive procedures, there is a strong probability that the search will not exhaust the defined population. The reasons are largely pragmatic and suggest that the obtained set of studies be considered a sample since "the analysis of an integrative review is usually intended to make inferences about the phenomena investigated in the individual studies rather than about studies on the phenomena" (Jackson 1980, p. 453). The charge that there is a bias among journal editors to publish only statistically significant findings, which gives reviews of published research a positive bias, is often unfounded. Rosenthal (1979) addressed this "file drawer problem"—the possibility that journals are filled with the 5% of studies that show Type I errors, while the file drawers in the office are filled with 95% of the studies that show nonsignificant results at p>.05. Rosenthal showed that many thousands of unpublished manuscripts would have to exist unpublished for findings based on a few hundred studies to average zero. Classification of Studies This process involves the definition and coding of study features. Two criteria guide the definition of characteristics: (a) the characteristic is claimed to have a functional relationship with the phenomena being studied as indicated in the extant literature, and (b) the characteristic is likely to be reported by the experimenter. Examples of study features can be grouped generally into characteristics of design, subjects, outcomes, and treatments. Such features are important because the findings of a study are often related to these characteristics. In special education research, features such as categorical classification, intelligence level, age, grade level, assignment to groups (random, match, post hoc), type of treatment, treatment location, treatment duration, and outcome measurements among others are important considerations.


Context: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is increasingly important in the assessment of chronic conditions, especially for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which has no associated mortality, but is prevalent and significantly impacts patient's lives. Disease-specific instruments such as the irritable bowel syndrome quality of life instrument (IBS-QOL), in addition to generic instruments such as the short form (SF)-36, are useful in measuring health-related quality of life, and have been shown to be reliable in assessing disease severity and as an endpoint to monitor treatment response. We reviewed the impact of IBS on patients' HRQoL, the factors causing HRQoL impairments, and the utility of HRQoL instruments in the assessment of IBS.

Evidence Acquisition: We performed electronic literature searches in Medline, the Cochrane library, and digestive disease week (DDW) meeting abstracts. Across all databases searched, common keywords included "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Quality of life" and "Health related quality of life". For databases that accommodated Boolean searches, terms specifically related to QOL and military were added.

Results: We summarized the data available in the literature to show that HRQoL is poorer in patients with IBS compared to healthy controls, and compared to most serious chronic conditions. There are several factors that contribute to HRQoL impairments in IBS, of which gastrointestinal symptoms, physical co-morbidities, psychosocial factors and demographics all play significant roles.

Conclusions: It is crucial for clinicians to be aware of the importance of measuring HRQoL. Understanding the factors causing impairment of HRQoL is also important for clinicians seeing these patients as it helps to individualise treatment and treat the patient more holistically, to achieve greater patient satisfaction.


Nowadays the technology has growing so fast. Therefore, this project has created a vehicle safety system called "Wireless Security Car using RFID System''. The project is designed to enhance vehicle safety systems available. Thus, this project consists of some combination of equipment and components to create a car security system that meets the security features and use more advanced. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is the most reliable way to electronically identify, data capture, control, track, and inventory items using RF communication. Thus the project was produced by using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is used to switch ON system using radio frequency systems. Users simply use of RFID tags in the system. Firstly tags the RFID tags to the RFID reader and then the engine can be turned on. RFID is an automatic identification method in which the data is stored in the RFID tag. Board of RFID tag is closed to the readers, RFID tag will receive radio frequency through the antenna in the RFID tag. Received radio frequency will be converted into enough electrical power to the RFID tag to send data back to the RFID reader. Further, the RFID reader will transmit the ID tag to the PIC or PC via serial communication. This system is more sophisticated than the existing system and facilitated their use. Therefore, this project has brought many benefits to users to protect the cars from the invaded and lost.


Objective:To provide theoretical basis for the spread and education of drug knowledge through knowing medication cognition ability of medical students.Method: Questionnaire of medical students' medication cognition level was designed;the ability was evaluated with five grades quantization(complete,more complete,uncertain,more incomplete and incomplete);the degrees of familiarity for Chinese patent drug classification were investigated combined with national basic drug indexes(71 kinds of Chinese patent drug);SPSS11.0 software was adopted to analyze the data through inputting the data to Excel.Result: Among 1112 pieces of questionnaires,the way of medical students choosing medicine was consulting the doctor or pharmacist;there was four ways of purchasing medicine,among them,chemists reached 54.7%,hospital 21.9%,random 21.9%,supermarket 1.6%;60% to 70% of medical students in our school didn't notice the signs of OTC and prescribed drugs,they lacked the knowledge of new drug or Chinese patent drugs.Conclusion: Medication cognition of medical students in our school is medium level.We should emphasize the knowledge of new drug,medical compliance,adverse reaction and the knowledge of Chinese patent medicine in the spread and education of drug knowledge.


This presentation provides an overview of the Rescuing Texas History Program, in which University of North Texas Libraries partners with external organizations to preserve at-risk materials.


Understanding the spectrum of noise acting on a qubit can yield valuable information about its environment, and crucially underpins the optimization of dynamical decoupling protocols that can mitigate such noise. However, extracting accurate noise spectra from typical time-dynamics measurements on qubits is intractable using standard methods. Here, we propose to address this challenge using deep learning algorithms, leveraging the remarkable progress made in the field of image recognition, natural language processing, and more recently, structured data. We demonstrate a neural network based methodology that allows for extraction of the noise spectrum associated with any qubit surrounded by an arbitrary bath, with significantly greater accuracy than the current state-of-the-art. The technique requires only a two-pulse echo decay curve as input data and can further be extended either for constructing customized optimal dynamical decoupling protocols or for obtaining critical qubit attributes such as its proximity to the sample surface. Our results can be applied to a wide range of qubit platforms, and provide a framework for improving qubit performance with applications not only in quantum computing and nanoscale sensing but also in material characterization techniques such as magnetic resonance.


Data centers play a crucial role in current Internet architecture supporting content-centric networking. How to efficiently interconnect an exponentially increasing number of servers is a fundamental challenge in data centers networking. This paper presents C-Cell, a new network architecture which is designed on the basis of recursive structure. A high-level C-Cell is constructed by low-level C-Cell. And this structure not only has a low-ratio in switch/server, but also provides multiple parallel short paths between any pair of servers. On the premise of low proportion of switches and servers, C-Cell can efficiently achieve routing mechanisms in shorter mean path lengths with less network cost.


In our recent publication in The Journal of Immunology , we reported that the granulocytic CD11b+Gr1high subset of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is significantly decreased in tumors growing in animals lacking A2B adenosine receptors, suggesting that this adenosine receptor subtype plays a


This new review paper is a component of a campaign to raise awareness of the unique health impacts of vitamin K2 and thus the need for an RDI specifically for vitamin K2.


Over the past few years, P2 receptors have emerged as new potential players in the early phases of inflammation in their function of chemotactic receptors, triggers of proinflammatory cytokine release, and cytotoxic molecules. However, more recent data suggest that the role of P2 receptors in immunity is much more widespread and touches the very heart of the initiation of the immune response, i.e., antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Drug Dev. Res. 59:171–174, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Quantitative analysis of Deep-water Agglutinated Foraminifera (DWAF) assemblages from key ODP sites in the North Atlantic reveal the presence of stratigraphically-significant abundance maxima, that may be useful for correlating sedimentary sequences deposited beneath the CCD. The DWAF record from ODP Hole 647A in the Labrador Sea was re-studied and abundances were recalculated by excluding calcareous benthic foraminifera. This hole is a key locality, as it provides direct calibration of the DWAF biostratigraphy to the standard chronostratigraphy. Eight DWAF acmes are recognised in the Eocene to lower Oligocene at Site 647 and at other North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea sites. These are: The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) Glomospira Acme, a lower Eocene N. excelsa acme, an early/middle Eocene Glomospira Acme, a Karrerulina acme, a middle Eocene Reticulophragmium amplectens acme, a middle/late Eocene Spiroplecta- mmina acme, a latest Eocene-early Oligocene Ammodiscus latus acme, and an early Oligocene Spirosigmoilinella acme. Some of these acmes can be correlated with similar events occurring at onshore localities in the Western Tethys (northern Spain, Moroccan Rif, Italian Appenines, Western Carpathians). The occurrence of these DWAF acmes is caused by variations in the trophic continuum which is a consequence of the profound climatic and oceanographic changes that took place in the deep ocean during the Eocene and early Oligocene.


In an increasingly competitive world, as educators we are becoming more aware of the need for design students to be actively encouraged to work together on projects rather than graduating as individual designers whose experience has been a singular linear path through education. This paper explores an experimental approach to design whereby individuals cocreate design work and subsequently analyse then reflect on the results before beginning to further develop their design ideas. The project initially facilitates arbitrary layering of different individual's patterns overlaid on one another in textile prints. This experience is subsequently built on through analysis of this haphazard layering. Collaborative prints are created through considered layering with each layer authored by different individuals but brought together as a whole pattern by teams or couples of students. In this intervention, by breaking down the ownership of each component, designs become a shared resource and whilst this proved a contentious issue at the outset, the barriers of physical, emotional, intellectual and artistic ownership were quickly demolished during the workshop. For this project negotiation and collaboration were a necessity in order to move on, with a richness of results both visually and educationally, not always possible to achieve as a lone designer.


development of the city of Athens. Some may view C.'s parameters as too exclusionary. Issues of economics and trade, housing, rural land use, social structure, and burial practices are indeed for the most part missing. These are important issues, but is their absence reason to condemn what we do have? No. Nor do I feel that the absence of these other issues is, in this instance, a shortcoming. This is not the exhaustive presentation of all aspects of the archaeology of Athens. This book is, however, precisely what C. set out to do. In his preface, C. presents this text as mostly one man's musings. Yes, it is that. But it is also far more than that. This is a man who has devoted his scholarly career to the study of the monuments of Athens and Attica, and who has done so from a position few others have occupied. The consequence of this is that C. has written what is the new standard work on the archaeology of Athens. Although we will all still keep John Travlos's Pictorial Dictionary of Ancient Athens at hand, it is C.'s Archaeology of Athens to which we will turn for clariμcation and from which we will begin any further studies about things Athenian.


Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as Lemongrass is a small herbaceous plant of Poaceae family. It is used as traditional medicine for treatment of several diseases such as fever, sore throats, cough, laryngitis, bronchitis, oral candiasis, body ache, head ache, digestive problems etc. This study deals with the preliminary phytochemical screening of ethyl acetate extract of lemon grass leaves followed by qualitative analysis by Thin Layer Chromatography. Antimicrobial activity of the extract was also been tested to highlight the medicinal values. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids etc. And TLC analysis further confirmed the presence of those secondary metabolites. The ethyl acetate extract showed significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. The study revealed the medicinal potential of lemongrass.


Extraction of Chinese star anise (Illicium verum Hooker) and cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees) was studied by a new solvent extraction technique involving 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluorethane. Thus useful yields of concrete were obtained (21% and 12% respectively). Hydro distillation of the concretes made it possible to obtain essential oils with yields similar to those obtained by direct hydro distillation of plant materials (9.5% and 1.1% respectively). GC-MS analysis indicated that the composition of products obtained was similar to that of essential oils obtained by direct hydro distillation.


With the development of microgrids (MGs), an energy management system (EMS) is required to ensure the stable and economically efficient operation of the MG system. In this paper, an intelligent EMS is proposed by exploiting the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) technique. DRL is employed as the effective method for handling the computation hardness of optimal scheduling of the charge/discharge of battery energy storage in the MG EMS. Since the optimal decision for charge/discharge of the battery depends on its state of charge given from the consecutive time steps, it demands a full-time horizon scheduling to obtain the optimum solution. This, however, increases the time complexity of the EMS and turns it into an NP-hard problem. By considering the energy storage system's charging/discharging power as the control variable, the DRL agent is trained to investigate the best energy storage control method for both deterministic and stochastic weather scenarios. The efficiency of the strategy suggested in this study in minimizing the cost of purchasing energy is also shown from a quantitative perspective through programming verification and comparison with the results of mixed integer programming and the heuristic genetic algorithm (GA).


The SU(3)$_L\otimesU(1)_N$ electroweak model predicts new Higgs bosons beyond the one of the standard model. In this work we investigate the signature and production of neutral SU(3)$_L\otimesU(1)_N$ Higgs bosons in the $e^-e^+$ Next Linear Collider (NLC) and in the CERN Linear Collider (CLIC). We compute the branching ratios of two of the SU(3)$_L\otimesU(1)_N$ neutral Higgs bosons and study the possibility to detect them and the $Z^\prime$ extra neutral boson of the model.


This paper presents a model for measuring the contribution of foreign invested enterprises(FIEs)to Guangdong's economic growth based on the previous researches.It computes and analyses the contribution of FIEs in industrial sector in Guangdong.The study indicates that: the FIEs have significant effects on both economic growth rate and pattern;the magnitude sequence of input factors in FIEs in term of their contributions to economic growth is still progressing in technology,labor growth and capital growth.


Objective:To investigate the relationship between food intolerance and obesity degree,the IgG antibodies against food antigens were detected in obese juveniles.Methods: 60 healthy people less than 20 years old from physical examination were divided into obesity group and normal body weight group,each group 30 cases included.The serum specific IgG antibodies against 14 antigens in food were detected with ELISA.The food intolerance degree was confirmed according to IgG antibodies level.Results: The positive rate of food intolerance in obesity group was 53.3%,while was 26.7% in control group.There was a significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion: Food intolerance appears in obese juveniles obviously.Detection of IgG antibody of food plays an important role in investigating the causes of obesity and guiding the appropriate diet therapy.


The purpose of the article is to trace Ukrainian identity representation in Soviet Ukrainianposter from the 1945–1989 in the context of the socialist realism's stylistic evolution. Themethodology is based on formal analysis and methods of comparison and generalization. Thescientific novelty is defined by focusing on national identification as a subject of research ofstylistic changes in Soviet Ukrainian poster. Conclusions. From the 1940s to 1980s, the visuallanguage of socialist realism evolved and dissolved in a variety of individual manners, stylisticmethods and external influences. Stylistic changes in the Ukrainian poster, in general,corresponded with the works of other republics. Despite certain efforts, Ukrainian authors did notproduce a national version of this "creative method". "National form" was provided with folkcostume, as well as other informal and official symbols. Stylistics and authors' manners of thesesymbols represent a wide range of approaches and complement visual vocabulary ofcommunication about Ukraine and Ukrainians.Key words: Soviet Ukrainian poster, socialist realism, stylistic, individual manner, nationalidentity.


Tetrabromobisphenol-A is made in high purity by adding a methanol-bromine solution to a methanol-bisphenol-A solution with vigorous agitation. Use of the bromine-methanol solution reduces the amount of by-products compared to use of liquid bromine feed.


An acoustic device, such as a membrane hydrophone, includes a support structure and an outer membrane that suspends a transducer membrane within the interior of the support structure. The transducer membrane is selected for its acoustic and piezoelectric properties and is preferably a polymer such as P(VDF-TrFE). The outer suspension membrane is selected primarily for its mechanical properties. Portions of the suspension membrane may be removed in order to reduce mechanical drag encountered during movement of the device in a liquid. The transducer membrane includes at least one active area that is poled to provide a piezoelectrically strong region. Electrical charge generated at the active area is amplified at a preamp for transmission to remote equipment.


In a previous paper we have introduced a new computerized system approach to the field of infrared spectroradiometric measurements. In this paper, after reviewing the basic definitions and design principles, we present a number of important capabilities and applications of the measuring system. The power of the system finds its expression in several aspects: i) in producing calibrated spectral data in almost real time; ii) in enabling the user to perform a large number of mathematical and statistical treatments to the processed spectra without need of an additional large computer; iii) in being able to control the parameters of external systems such as the temperature of calibration sources, temperature and position of samples, scanning mechanisms etc., in an automatic or keyboard-operated, and user-friendly manner; iv) in giving the user an almost unlimited freedom to program his own measurements and data processing for special applications; v) in offering a recording and filing capability for data comparison, which was never known before.


A rent prediction model with floor plan image (FPI) is proposed in order to evaluate that the image contributes to rent prediction accuracy. The proposed model calculates image feature vectors from FPIs using principal component analysis, combines them and attribute vectors, and applies a regressor. Mean squared errors (MSEs) between predicted and ground truth rents of the proposal are measured using 1,089,090 rental properties of the LIFULL HOME'S dataset. The experimental result suggests that the proposed model with linear regression and FPI slightly improves MSEs compared with the without FPI models; however, the differences are not significant and it is difficult to find merits to use FPIs for rent prediction model.


The purpose of this study was to investigate how individuals seek information to evaluate themselves in terms of the utility of comparative information and self-esteem, and also to examine Festinger's (1954a) 'unidirectional drive upward'Ss were 84 undergraduate students (42 male and 42 female students). The experiment, in which Ss were asked to perform two mutually related tasks, was conducted under the pretense of investigating individuals' cognitive flexibility and insight.After the first task, self-esteem was experimentally manipulated by using high, low or no feedback. The second task, composed of 10 difficulty levels, and the Ss were told to choose one of them they should take. At that time, each feedback group was divided into the following two conditions: One was the predecision condition in which the Ss were told that they would be given comparative information before they decided which level they should take, and the Ss were asked to answer degree of necessity of the information; The other was a postdecision condition in which the Ss were asked to answer degree of necessity of the information after they had already decided.The results showed that the Ss in the predecision condition sought comparative information more, that is, when an individual was in a situation that he could use the comparative information effectively, his need for self-evaluation increased. The relation between self-esteem and the degree of seeking comparative information was not clear. With regard to unidirectional drive upward, the result predicted from Festinger's assumption was not obtained.


For many years, the Nancy District Metropolitan Authority has a dynamic policy for the management of his urban sewage system. Facing flooding problem, significant infrastructures have been built and an extensive measurement network has been installed. For the measurement of rainfall, a 23 gage network has been implanted and, at the present time, over 50% of data collected are transmitted in real time to a central station of supervision. These realisations have permitted to resolve the problems of flooding. The new European waste water treatment Directive of May 91 now requires that the local authorities find ways of controlling the pollution of their rainwaters. For that, it is necessary to modify the current management of the urban sewage system in order to reduce the impact of the rainwater pollution on the natural environment. These modifications require an improvement of the knowledge of rainfall.


Stress fractures are caused by repetitive submaximal loading of bone that causes microtrauma, where the bone either temporally or biomechanically does not have the ability to recover before repeated loading. Stress fractures are being diagnosed more frequently as the result of increased surveillance on the part of the physician and increased prevalence on the part of the patient. The diagnosis is made by a combination of history, physical examination, and imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging is the imaging modality of choice, after plain films, because of its greater specificity and sensitivity. Stress fractures are classified based on their cause, their location, their severity, their risk of progression, and the appearance of the fracture line. Treatment of femoral neck stress fractures is based on the duration of symptoms, the fracture classification, and the patient's expectations. Treatment starts with activity modification and progresses to cannulated screws, sliding hip screw, blade plate, and/or intertrochanteric osteotomy. Predictors of successful surgical outcomes are accurate fracture classification, early anatomic reduction, addressing of any varus deformity in the reduction or the native neck, and placing the fracture line as horizontal as reasonable when performing an osteotomy. Mild fractures in the recreational athlete will lead to a period of decreased activity, rapid healing, and return to full activity, whereas more severe fractures will require more intervention and a longer recovery period. Displaced fractures have a high rate of avascular necrosis, pseudoarthrosis, refracture, and progressive arthrosis. Elite athletes require aggressive management and, even then, are unlikely to return to their previous professional level.


The rotational spectrum of the higher-energy trans-conformational isomer of methyl formate has been assigned for the first time using several pulsed-jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometers in the 6–60 GHz frequency range. This species has also been sought toward the Sagittarius B2(N) molecular cloud using the publicly available PRIMOS survey from the Green Bank Telescope. We detect seven absorption features in the survey that coincide with laboratory transitions of trans-methyl formate, from which we derive a column density of 3.1 (+2.6, −1.2) × 1013 cm−2 and a rotational temperature of 7.6 ± 1.5 K. This excitation temperature is significantly lower than that of the more stable cis conformer in the same source but is consistent with that of other complex molecular species recently detected in Sgr B2(N). The difference in the rotational temperatures of the two conformers suggests that they have different spatial distributions in this source. As the abundance of trans-methyl formate is far higher than would be expected if the cis and trans conformers are in thermodynamic equilibrium, processes that could preferentially form trans-methyl formate in this region are discussed. We also discuss measurements that could be performed to make this detection more certain. This manuscript demonstrates how publicly available broadband radio astronomical surveys of chemically rich molecular clouds can be used in conjunction with laboratory rotational spectroscopy to search for new molecules in the interstellar medium.


This is the first comparative study of a chemically homologous series of linear and two-dimensional polyaramids at high temperatures. Detailed comparisons are made in the bulk and at free surface e...


Device-to-Device (D2D) multicast content sharing is becoming a promising technology to alleviate video traffic overload and can improve the quality of local area services. Whereas existing studies mainly focus on the delay or throughput performance. However, for delay sensitive real-time video traffic, throughput as an indicator of the network-layer cannot properly indicate the benefits of upper-layer applications. Thus, in this paper we propose a video multicast scheme for D2D cooperative scalable video coding (SVC) streaming distribution to cope with the difference between multicast channels firstly. Then, we have provided analytical expressions of the goodput in heterogeneous multicast networks based on D2D collaboration, and a distributed heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve this NP-hard optimization problem. Our results show that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce end-to-end delay, effective loss rate and improve the goodput in the system.


A major problem with off-axis electron holography and a range of other interferometric techniques that recover phase information is that the reconstructed phase is mathematically limited to the interval (–π,π]. In general, the true phase may range over a larger interval than 2π, so the phase that is obtained generally contains discontinuities. Unwrapping these discontinuities in the phase is, in principle, simple. One needs only add an appropriate integer multiple of 2π to each pixel of the (experimental) wrapped phase. (For example, the simplest method is a pixel-by-pixel, pathdependent method that identifies phase jumps along the path and adds cumulative multiples of 2π to subsequent phase values). In practice, a number of serious issues complicate or prevent effective phase unwrapping with, not only the above algorithm, but with more sophisticated algorithms as well. The presence of noise or vortex points (e.g., arising from regions of low fringe contrast in the hologram) is of primary concern for effective unwrapping of the reconstructed phase. Noise impedes the ability to reliably judge the existence of a phase jump, while vortices mean the unwrapped phase will be path-dependent. On the other hand, sophisticated algorithms that deal more effectively with these issues invariably suffer from lengthy computational time, demands for strong user input, or both. This also is problematic since the phase unwrapping problem is not just one of aesthetics: It is valuable to be able to quantitatively compare the experimental phase to, for example, model calculations without it being a major endeavor to simply unwrap the phase. It is, therefore, highly desirable to have an unwrapping algorithm that is reliable in the presence of noise and vortex points, and which does not demand strong user input or computation time.


Bibliography of the Albigensian Crusades, edited by Marco Meschini with the collaboration of Martin Alvira Cabrer, Martin Aurell, Laurent Mace, Damian J. Smith and Kay Wagner.


This paper considers whether theism is compatible with moral error theory. This issue is neglected, perhaps because it is widely assumed that these views are incompatible. I argue that this is mistaken. In so doing, I articulate the best argument for thinking that theism and moral error theory are incompatible. According to it, these views are incompatible because theism entails that God is morally good, and moral error theory entails that God is not. I reject this argument. Since it is the best argument for thinking that theism and moral error theory are incompatible, I conclude that these views are compatible: one can coherently accept both views.


The Trefoil parachute system is a three canopy assembly and can be described as a duplicated system with a built in reserve devised to cater for the low level aspect of paratrooping. This Report describes tests carried out on this assembly and it is concluded from the results that it is suitable for the task. lts main attributes are its reliability, its high stability during flight, and its resistance to dragging a man in high surface winds after landing.


Chelation-controlled, palladium-catalyzed arylation of vinyl ethers with nitrogen-containing directing groups has been studied. Ethenyloxyalkylamines 1a-c and pyridines 2a-d, representing different ...


In addition to being the first reported case of self-amputation of the breasts by a male, Mr. M's case is unusual because the patient did not have symptoms of the diagnoses usually associated with self-mutilation, such as borderline and antisocial personality disorder, psychoses, or mental retardation. Although the patient's overtly sexualized self-injury was like that seen in psychotic individuals, a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder was not appropriate in this case. The case is also unusual because the patient's self-mutilation was responsive to treatment. Self-mutilation is often difficult to treat, but this case shows that, at least in the context of some disorders, a multifaceted treatment approach may be effective in reducing this behavior.


[Book review] Amy Nelson, Music for the Revolution: Musicians and Power in Early Soviet Russia (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004)


Objective: To determine the pattern of intersex disorders manifestable as ambiguous genitalia and the gender assignment of the patients. Design: A retrospective study of patients with ambiguous genitalia to determine the associated intersex disorders and the gender assignment. Setting: King Fahd Hospital of King Faisal University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Subjects: Over 10 years 25 patients with ambiguous genitalia were seen. Results: Male pseudohermaphroditism, gonadal dysgenesis and female pseudohermaphroditism occurred in 56%, 8% and 36%, respectively. There were no true hermaphrodites. At birth, 21% and 79% of male pseudohermaphrodites were assigned a male and a female gender, respectively. At puberty, most of these females insisted on masculinization operations, based on their male gender identity and behaviour and their male genotype. The parents of female pseudohermaphrodites, including 22% assigned a male gender at birth, accepted clitoro-vaginoplasty based on the female genotype. Conclusions: Our observation that male pseudohermaphroditism formed the highest proportion of intersex disorders is explained, in part, by the high incidence of patients with pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias. There is, therefore, a possibility of a cluster of male pseudohermaphroditism due to 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in the Eastern Province making determination of dihydrotestosterone desirable


Objective To investigate the effect of preoperative Neoadjuvant chemotherapy on Ⅰb2-Ⅱb cervical cancer.Methods From May 2007 to December 2010 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University 49 initially treated patients underwent cervical disease and the correct PT program(cisplatin 50mg/m2+paclitaxel 135~175mg/m2) intravenous chemotherapy for 2~3 courses of chemotherapy 15~20 days later radical resection of the uterus and pelvic lymph node dissection were conducted for the observation group.35 cases with surgery at the same period were used as the control group and pathological aspects were compared.Results The overal response rate was 77.6%,parametrial infiltration rate plvic lymph node metastasis was statistically significant(P0.05)operative time and blood loss compared with no difference in operative time,observed blood loss was significant lower than the control group which difference was statistically significant(P0.05);Neoadjuvant chemotherapy responders parametrial invasion and pevic lymph node metastasis had lower response rate than those without the difference was significant(P0.05).Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a new and effective method for treatment of stage Ⅰb2-Ⅱb cervical cancer.It shows promising prospect in clinical application.


This work was supported by the research grant of the Chungbuk National University. The article was submitted for publication on 2010-01-13, reviewed on 2010-03-23, and approved for publication by editorial board of KSAM on 2010-04-11. The authors are Hyun Kwon Noh, Assistant Professor, KSAM member, Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea, and Renfu Lu, Agricultural Engineer, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet and Bean Research Unit in EastLansing, Michigan, USA. Corresponding author: H. K. Noh, Assistant Professor, KSAM member, Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea; Fax: +82-43-261-2581; E-mail: <firstname.lastname@example.com>. 자외선 유도 형광의 사과 성숙도 평가 적용


A simple and stable mean square deviation computation method without solving the linear equations is presented.The observing structure,the quality of observations and the accuracy of the function model can be evaluated before applying least square adjustment by using the proposed method in this method.


Applying spatial autocorrelation Moran's index and techniques of spatial econometrics,the spatial effects and determinants of urban housing prices were studied.With micro housing data of 317 communities in Hangzhou in 2008,the spatial lag model and spatial error model based on hedonic price method were constructed.The results show that significant spatial effects exist in housing prices,and the results derived from spatial econometric models are apparently superior to that traditional model. Accordingly,spatial econometric models improve the effectiveness and robustness of the hedonic price model.


Through a comparative analysis of five Andean cases (Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia) I demonstrate that the conflicts and struggles over capitalist globalization in the Andes are intricately connected to the political power of the military in the region. I examine how conflicts over capitalist globalization in the five countries intersect with civil-military relations in the region, illustrating how the success or failure of neoliberal policy coalitions within these countries and U.S. democracy promotion has led to varying outcomes. Neoliberal policy coalitions have successfully held power in Colombia, Peru and Bolivia over the last two decades, committing to the economic and political norms of capitalist globalization and low-intensity democratic institutions that include the weakening of military prerogatives. Similar coalitions have been frustrated in their efforts in Ecuador and Venezuela undermining this progress on military power and weakening U.S. influence.


In this work, the opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) problem is addressed with stationary and non-stationary Markov multi-armed bandit (MAB) frameworks. We propose a novel index based algorithm named QoS-UCB that balances exploration in terms of occupancy and quality, e


There is a high level of road accidents in the Slovak Republic. Numbers of accidents with serious causality are increasing. These accidents are caused by increased traffic intensity, by increasing of vehicle speed and by quality of road parameters. The main part of road accidents happen in urban areas. This paper shows the influence of traffic changes in towns on fatal accidents. Also the relationship between traffic intensity and road accidents is shown. For the covering abstract see ITRD E111131.


In this paper we introduce how to analyze survival data via a SRC-Stat statistical package. This provides classical survival analysis (e.g. Cox's proportional hazards models for univariate survival data) as well as advanced survival analysis such as shared and nested frailty models for multivariate survival data. We illustrate the use of our package with practical data sets.


In the Parliament of Hungary as well as in its Library a special consideration has been given to the preparations for the country's joining the EU. In this framework the need arose in the library of legislation for the establishment of a special collection. The Library of the Hungarian Parliament asked the European Commission in 1997 that this library be the depository library in Hungary of the European Union, because it has acquired a significant experience with library deposit matters. The 10th Directorate General of the European Commission decided in June 1999 that the EU depository library will be established in the Library of Hungarian Parliament. The licenses of the depository library includes the free acquisition of all official publications in English that is determined as document for deposition, and the free use of the databases of the European Commission.


A retrospective and prospective analysis of clinical outcome has been conducted in cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysm during the years 1987 to 1994. Our treatment strategy for ruptured cerebral aneurysm is acute surgery except in the cases of moribund condition with brain stem damage, severe vasospasm at the time of admission or severe general complication. A total of 394 cases were admitted; 51 cases were treated conservatively and 343 cases were operated on. The outcomes of conservatively treated cases were poor; two cases had severe disability, one was in a vegetative state and the others died. Of 343 operations 318 (92.7%) were performed within 24 hours after admission. Operations were delayed in 12 cases because of vasospasm at the time of admission. The patients who were operated on within 3 days after the attack were divided into two groups according to their hospital admission: 245 patients who were operated on during the years 1987 through 1993 were assigned to one group, and 35 patients operated on in 1994 were assigned to the other. Outcomes were about the same between both treatment period and aneurysm site. Most of the cases with poor outcome were due to the severity of the hemorrhage, vasospasm, and general and operative complications. Incidence of good outcome was about the same for Grade I to III and incidence of vegetative state and death was about the same for Grade V on admission between the two treatment periods in overall patients. Overall outcome is determined by severity of the grade on admission, and is about the same between the two treatment periods for cases treated with acute surgery. Causes of poor clinical outcome in Grade I to Ill were vasospasm, rebleeding and general and operative complications. Overall outcome would be improved somewhat by further progress of the treatment for vasospasm and management of the patients in the acute stage.


Optical fibre cantilever that is on Lissajous scanning systems are widely used for optical imaging. But, this type of system is vulnerable to frequency and phase shifts. We report the theory behind the shift in Lissajous scanning trajectories caused by dynamic discrepancies in the scanning system. The impact of phase mismatch between phase response of the scanning system and driving signal during the image reconstruction was demonstrated via simulation. As long as the scanning system's phase response is correctly monitored, new opportunities for enhanced Lissajous scanning systems can be explored.


While there are a large number of excellent therapy supports available to persons with autism, most of them focus on applied behavior and typical development theory, treating motor, and cognitive challenges as separate issues. Alternatively, the above organizations have a core philosophy addressing cognitive motor challenges as a unitary concept in persons with autism. I encourage persons with autism, and the parents of such persons, to explore the therapeutic opportunities offered by these, and what I expect will be a growing number of similar, organizations.


This issue, the last in the third volume of Autism, contains as varied a mix of articles as ever, reflecting our wide multidisciplinary readership.The first article, by Manjiviona and Prior, adds further evidence to the debate over conceptualization, classification and diagnosis, in relation to the concept of a spectrum of autistic disorders. In particular, the article addresses the issue of whether Asperger syndrome is a separate disorder from autism. This topic will be dealt with in more detail in a special issue due to appear in 2000. The argument is not over whether any group differences can be found, because clearly the separate diagnoses depend on differences in current levels of functioning. Rather the question is whether such differences are of degree (and therefore more usefully seen as individual differences) or of kind. Differences in kind should be reflected at the level of neuropsychological functioning and should be apparent in developmental differences. Testing these predictions, the authors subjected groups of children, clinically diagnosed as having either Asperger syndrome or autism, to a battery of neuropsychological tests and examined the early history of both groups to detect differences in rate or degree of language delay. No significant differences were found with respect either to their neuropsychological profiles or to their language delay.The only significant difference between the groups was in the higher current verbal IQ of the group with Asperger syndrome.This seems another blow to those who are convinced of the clinical distinctiveness of these two groups, but it is doubtful if this is the end of the story. The following article, by Malvy and colleagues, is also concerned with differentiation, but this time the purpose is not to subdivide the autistic spectrum but to provide a useful and reliable way of distinguishing different kinds of imitation. As in many other areas, the literature on the existence of an imitation disorder in autism has been conflicting. Malvy et al. provide evidence to suggest that the source of this conflict may lie in the confusion between two kinds of imitation.They have developed a scale that distinguishes between imitation of socially meaningful gestures and symbolic acts on the one hand, and a kind of pre-categorical imitation that leads to echolalia and echopraxia on the other. It is not then surprising to find that children with autism, when tested on this scale, show deficits in Editorial


This chapter underscores the principal conclusions drawn in previous chapters, especially regarding Gregory's penchant for thinking via complex and ambiguous chains of imagery. It also underscores the reactive nature of his texts. Gregory was continually prodded not only by opponents but also by allies to revisit his own writings, to clarify matters, and to defend himself. These provocations grew out of the networks he developed as a prominent bishop in the pro-Nicene, pro-Melitian camp favored by Theodosius. Coupled with his rhetorical education, his apprenticeship to his brother, and his preaching at the church's feast days, this context of accusations and mutual testing led Gregory to write in a certain way, framing his works around objections and counterarguments. These writing practices are inseparable from his doctrinal theology, and they structure not only technical treatises but also homilies, letters, and orations intended for more general audiences.


The liquid medicament to a pump system for subcutaneous delivery, chamber and stator housing (28) with a (30), and slidably received in rotatable and axially in the chamber, the liquid feed path (50) a rotor including a second axial extension portion comprising a first axial extension portion (46) and the liquid supply passage (52) comprising a rotor having a diameter of said first and second axial extensions are different pump system having a (32), and the pump module (10) comprising, a first and second sealing rings (54, 56) mounted around the first and second axial extensions. .FIELD 3C


Wheat is the second most important staple food in India after rice. Three field experiments were conducted to compare the effect of laser leveling and traditional leveling on depth of irrigation water applied, water use efficiency and yield of wheat in rice-wheat and cotton-wheat rotations. Other resource conservation technologies evaluated were strip-till, no-till and raised bed planting. The study showed that wheat yield was highest (5.87 t/ha) under bed sowing on laser-leveled plots which was 9.5 per cent higher than on traditional leveled plots in cotton-wheat rotation. In rice-wheat rotation, the yield obtained was 5.28t/ha for strip-till treatment in laser-leveled plots which was 4.8 per cent higher than the traditional leveled plots for the same treatment. The highest water use efficiency was observed for conventional sowing treatment for laser-leveled plots (133 kg/ha-cm) under rice-wheat rotation on silt loam. The study suggests that laser land leveling is more water use efficient and produced higher wheat yield through efficient utilization of land and water resources.


Band selection plays an important role in hyperspectral image processing, which can reduce subsequent computation and storage requirement. There are two problems that are rarely investigated for band selection. First, some low-discriminating bands need to be manually removed by experts, which is time consuming and expensive; second, how to automatically determine the number of selected bands is not well investigated, though this is an indispensable step in practical applications. In this paper, we propose an automatic band selection (ABS) method to solve these problems. First, we exploit spatial structure to determine the discriminating power of each band, these bands with little structure information will be discarded; then, a powerful classifier is used for clustering, which can automatically find the underlying number of clusters. Experiments based on three real hyperspectral datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.


Focused ion beam technology with light gas ions has recently gained attention with the commercial helium and neon ion beam systems. These ions are atomic, and thus, the beam/sample interaction is well understood. In the case of the nitrogen ion beam, several questions remain due to the molecular nature of the source gas, and in particular, if and when the molecular bond is split. Here, the authors report a cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) study of irradiated single crystalline silicon by various doses and energies of nitrogen ionized in a gas field ion source. The shape and dimensions of the subsurface damage is compared to Monte Carlo simulations and show very good agreement with atomic nitrogen with half the initial energy. Thus, it is shown that the nitrogen molecule is ionized as such and splits upon impact and proceeds as two independent atoms with half of the total beam energy. This observation is substantiated by molecular dynamics calculations. High resolution STEM ...


This paper concerns the problem of resolvability power in the frequency domain. The canonical case of interest is to distinguish whether the received noise-corrupted signal is a single-frequency sinusoid or a two-frequency sinusoid, where the amplitudes, phases and frequencies are unknown to the receiver. Using a model-based hypothesis testing approach, we quantify a measure of attainable resolution between sinusoids with nearby frequencies, in the presence of noise. An explicit relationship is derived for the minimum detectable difference between the frequencies of two tones, for any particular false alarm and detection rate, and at a given SNR. An associated algorithm is proposed that produces significantly better performance compared to the standard subspace-based methods like MUSIC and can be effectively used in practice as a postprocessing step for the existing spectral estimation methods.


Let $G$ be a finite group and let $p$ be a prime. In this paper, we study the structure of finite groups with a large number of $p$-regular conjugacy classes or, equivalently, a large number of irreducible $p$-modular representations. We prove sharp lower bounds for this number in terms of $p$ and the $p'$-part of the order of $G$ which ensure that $G$ is $p$-solvable. A bound for the $p$-length is obtained which is sharp for odd primes. We also prove a new best possible criterion for the existence of a normal Sylow $p$-subgroup in terms of these quantities.


As a "double-edged sword",organic fertilizer is an important source of non-point pollution when it is applied improperly.In this paper,the main sources of organic fertilizer were analyzed.The hazards of non-point pollutants released by the organic fertilizer to water,atmosphere,soil,cropper and health of human and livestock were mainly expounded.On this basis,the measures to control organic fertilizer released non-point pollutants were proposed including proper application of organic fertilizer,standardization of management for pollution from farming industry,improving utilization rate of the manures from livestock and poultry,commercialization of organic fertilizer resources and developing organic agriculture.


The paper reports our experience of developing a user interface for a set-top box. The paper describes the activities and processes used for communicating with other parties involved in the development. One of the resulting tools is a structured scheme for the coherent representation of a user interface design based on scenario templates.