Laser-controlled charge exchange is a promising method for producing cold antihydrogen. Caesium atoms in Rydberg states collide with positrons and create positronium. These positronium atoms then interact with antiprotons, forming antihydrogen. Laser excitation of the caesium atoms is essential to increase the cross section of the charge-exchange collisions. This method was demonstrated in 2004 by the ATRAP collaboration by using an available copper vapour laser. For a second generation of charge-exchange experiments we have designed a new semiconductor laser system that features several improvements compared to the copper vapour laser. We describe this new laser system and show the results from the excitation of caesium atoms to Rydberg states within the strong magnetic fields in the ATRAP apparatus.


Taking Jasminum duclouxii as test materials,the technology of extraction of the total flavonoids from the root of Jasminum duclouxii was studied to provide a reference for it's further study and utilization,taking the root of Jasminum duclouxii as material,and alcohol as extractant,the effect of solid-1iquid ratio,ethanol concentration,extracting time and microwave power on the extraction of the total flavonoids from the root of Jasminum duclouxii was investigated using the methods of single factor test and orthogonal design test of L9(34).The results showed that the highest extraction rate(2.21%)of the total flavonoids in the root of Jasminum duclouxii could be obtained under conditions of solid-1iquid ratio 1∶20g/mL,50%ethanol,extracting time 60 seconds,microwave power 350 W.The microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids fromJasminum duclouxii was simple and practical,which was time saving,energy conserving and high efficient.


ABSTRACT A novel micro-gripper is designed and fabricated to manipulate the micro-sized object like a cell. In order to grip the cell, the micro-gripper should be operated in the liquid environment. Since the mechanical type micro-gripper is rarely affected by the surroundings, it is suitable to treat the cell. The other consideration for manipulating the cell is properties of the cell such as the bursting force and the maximum deformation of the cell for the applied force. Thus, the sensor system is needed to measure the force on the cell during the gripping. On this micro-gripper, a piezoresistive sensor is integrated for sensing the gripping force. Using the fabricated micro-gripper, micro-glass beads are successfully manipulated in the water. The resistance in the piezoresistor is changed by 0.06∼ 0.07% for each 10 μ N of the applied force. Therefore, since the proposed micro-gripper satisfies the requisite conditions, it can be utilized for manipulation of the cell.


We propose a constructive method for solving the problem of synthesizing a nonlinear output control law in the form of feedback that ensures the global stability of a given state of a closed-loop binary dynamic system. Designed synthesis method allows data parallelism and high scalability with an increasing dimension of the system state vector during its implementation in a multiprocessor computing environment.


One of the most surprising characteristics of human and social sciences (and, particularly, of the theories of representation of knowledge) is the acceptance, by a considerable part of their practitioners, of theoretical assumptions of an idealist character. This trait is absent in the rest of scientific disciplines: empirical scientists act assuming the existence of a subjectindependent, structured and cognoscible reality, and try to offer us a description of the mentioned structure. There doesn't seem to exist, in principle, any reason to think that the same should not happen, for instance, in that parcel of reality which concerns knowledge. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the exposure of this sort of idealist attitudes. In order to do this we will explore their antecedents and we will evaluate the quality of the arguments in their favor. We will, particularly, emphasize their origin in the demand for certainty of classical epistemology, and will evaluate the variety of idealism more relevant for theories of knowledge representation: the so-called 'linguistic turn'. We will examine, as well, thesis concerning reality, facts, the concept of truth and different forms of use of language. Finally, we will contrast this idealist tradition with other ways of facing the study of knowledge representation that do not commit with such implausible assumptions.


Discrimination and identification experiments were performed for a vowel continuum (/i/– /i/–/q/) and two consonant continua (/ba/–/pa/ and /ba/–/da/–/ga/). The results were interpreted in terms of a generalization of a theory of intensity resolution [N. I. Durlach and L. D. Braida, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 46, 372–383 (1969)] that makes precise the distinction between basic sensitivity (sensory‐based resolution) and context coding (labeling processes). On the vowel continuum, basic sensitivity increased gradually across the range, whereas, for both consonant continua, sensitivity peaked between phonetic categories. All speech continua were found to have small ranges (measured in jnd's); context memory was good, and better for consonants than for vowels. The stimuli that could be labeled most reliably were near the category boundaries on the vowel continuum, but near good phonetic exemplars for consonants. Introduction of a standard in identification primarily altered response bias, not sensitivity.


I suggest that "visual appearance" be included in Anti-Aging Medicine as one of its fields. It is easier to understand "visual appearance" by examining its three components: the physical constitution, appearance, and skin. Morphological changes are the simplest index to assess the level of aging. As we become older: our height decreases; face becomes smaller; and the number of wrinkles increases. Changes in the phenotypic characteristics of humans are presented as aging: from a baby to an elderly person. Changes in the phenotypic characteristics express internal as well as external aging. To examine the mechanisms of aging and Anti-Aging therapies in terms of appearance is to conduct research on the visual aspect of Anti-Aging Medicine and aging itself. As phenotypes, regulated by genes, are also influenced by epigenetic factors, it is very important to focus on the aspect of visual appearance in Anti-Aging research. This review paper discussed aging in terms of visual appearance, including the physical constitution, appearance, and skin based on the relevant literature.


Urban boundary is the first important indicator for urban expansion analysis. However, little attention has been paid to reveal urban expansion with urban boundary at large region scale due to lacking high-precision and consistent urban boundaries. In this study, high-precision urban boundaries of China's 337 prefecture level cities from 2000 to 2016 were extracted by using high-resolution images and a series of geographic rules. Analysis results showed that (1) China had undergone a rapid urbanization with the urban area increased by 122.6% from 2000 to 2016. (2) 73.3% of the 337 cities had the urban expansion form of edge-expansion (3) Urban expansion was not coordinated with urban population growth. Urban expansion rate of 24 provinces was ahead of urban population growth rate. 4) The two major land source of urban expansion areas was cultivated land and construction land, which was 56.4% and 23.9% of the total urban expansion area respectively.


Topology optimization of structure of cementitious granular material with different tension and compression properties is one of challenging and important branches in engineering application for the complex stress and strain relationship of cohesive material. Applying evolutionary structure optimization technique, this paper proposes the mathematical formulation and computational algorithm of structure topology optimization of cohesive granular material based on the tension-compression asymmetry constitutive equation. The objective function is to minimize the mean compliance of structure. Numerical example illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Keywords-granular cementitious material; tension-compression asymmetry; structure topology optimization; evolutionary structure optimization


A Review of:
Zhang, L. (2015). Use of library services by engineering faculty at Mississippi State University, a large land grant institution. Science & Technology Libraries, 34(3), 272-286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2015.1090941

Objective – To investigate the engineering faculty's information-seeking behaviour, experiences, awareness, and use of the university library.

Design – Web-based survey questionnaire.

Setting – The main campus of a state university in the United States of America.

Subjects – 119 faculty members within 8 engineering departments.

Methods – An email invitation to participate in a 16-item electronic survey questionnaire, with questions related to library use, was sent in the spring of 2015 to 119 engineering faculty members. Faculty were given 24 days to complete the survey, and a reminder email was sent 10 days after the original survey invitation.

Main Results – Thirty-eight faculty members responded to the survey, representing a response rate of 32%. Overall, faculty had a high level of use and awareness of both online and physical library resources and services, although their awareness of certain scholarly communication services, such as data archiving and copyright advisory, was significantly lower. Faculty tend to turn to Google and Google Scholar when searching for information rather than turning to library databases. Faculty do not use social media to keep up with library news and updates. The library website, as well as liaison librarians, were cited as the primary sources for this type of information.

Conclusions – The researcher concludes that librarians need to do a better job of marketing library resources, such as discipline-specific databases, as well as other library search tools. Because faculty use web search engines as a significant source of information, the author proposes further research on this behaviour, and suggests more action to educate faculty on different search tools, their limitations, and effective use.

As faculty indicated a general lack of interest in integrating information literacy into their classes, the researcher notes that librarians need to find ways to persuade faculty that this type of integrated instruction is beneficial for students' learning and research needs. Faculty were aware of the library liaison program, so this baseline relationship between faculty and librarian can serve as an opportunity to build upon current liaison services and responsibilities.


A rather simple and attractive prescription for many-loop calculations is discussed. It consists of specification of metric, super-Beltrami differentials and the sum over spin structures in terms of the same odd characteristic e*. At the end of the calculations, summation over e* is performed in order to restore modular invariance. We note that this prescription should include specification of the limiting procedure involved. For a special choice of "regularization" the contributions of matter supercurrents to cosmological constant vanish at least for p≤5.


This paper analyzes narrative strategies used by Leonardo Sciascia in Porte aperte to create, among readers, sympathy for and identification with his (nameless) protagonist, a judge and an opponent of capital punishment. The judge has been called on to preside over a murder trial in 1937, a decade after Fascism had re-instated the death penalty, considered by the Regime a deterrent that would allow Italians to sleep with "open doors." To that end, I consider the historical context in which the novel was written—given that Italian Constitution, in force since 1 January 1948, had abolished the death penalty—and the impact Sciascia sought to have on his readers. That is, Sciascia's long-time opposition to the death penalty is to some extent pretext for 're-litigating' in 1987, a decade after the fact, two polemics of the late 1970s. The first public controversy had been sparked by his declaration (issued during the trial of colonna torinese of the Red Brigades) of personal neutrality in the struggle of the Italian State to suppress terrorist subversion, the other by Sciascia's contention that the political parties who refused to negotiate with the terrorists for the release of Aldo Moro had indirectly re-introduced the death penalty in Italy.


Software Implemented Fault Tolerance (SIFT) is an aircraft control computer designed to allow failure probability of less than 10 to the -10th/hour. The system is based on advanced fault-tolerance computing and validation methodology. Since confirmation of reliability by observation is essentially impossible, system reliability is estimated by a Markov model. A mathematical proof is used to justify the validity of the Markov model. System design is represented by a hierarchy of abstract models, and the design proof comprises mathematical proofs that each model is, in fact, an elaboration of the next more abstract model.


Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare subpopulation of quiescent tumor cells with the ability to self-renew and form new tumors (stemness) that have been identified in many tumor types, including pancreatic cancer (PC). The presence of CSCs in PC tumors may contribute to chemotherapy resistance and relapse. The Wnt signaling pathway is a highly conserved developmental pathway that has been implicated in the maintenance and survival of CSCs. Aberrant activation of Wnt signaling is common in PC where it may functionally support cell proliferation and tumor-forming capacity; therefore, this pathway is a therapeutic target of interest. SM08502 is a novel, small-molecule pan-CLK inhibitor that has been shown to potently inhibit Wnt pathway activity in preclinical studies. The purpose of these studies was to test the hypothesis that SM08502 could impair CSC viability and stemness in PC cell lines. CSC-enriched tumor spheres were generated by culturing Panc1 cells in nonadherent conditions in which most cells lacking stemness undergo anoikis (programmed cell death). These CSC-enriched Panc1 (Panc1-CSC) cell cultures were analyzed for stemness marker expression via FACS and qPCR to validate the enrichment protocol. The effect of SM08502 on spheroid formation and viability was assessed in comparison to salinomycin and napabucasin as positive controls for CSC inhibition. Inhibition of CSCs within parental PC lines (Capan-1, HPAFII, and Panc1) was assessed by 4-day pretreatment of cells in culture with DMSO or SM08502 and a 4-day recovery period followed by plating 1 or 10 cells/well in 96-well plates under nonadherent conditions and quantifying spheroid formation after 24 days. Anoikis-mediated CSC enrichment increased the percentage of cells expressing the stem cell surface protein marker CXCR4 and increased expression of multiple stemness-related genes. Treatment with either positive control compounds or SM08502 inhibited spheroid formation and decreased the viability of the Panc1-CSC cells. Notably, SM08502 was more potent by EC50 than either salinomycin or napabucasin in the cell viability assay. Expression analyses indicated that SM08502 significantly reduced stemness-related gene expression in Panc1-CSC cultures, including CD24, LGR4, and VDR (p<0.01 vs DMSO). In addition, treatment of Capan-1, HPAFII, and Panc1 cells with
 SM08502 strongly impaired their ability to form spheres by 8- to 12-fold vs. DMSO, indicating that CSCs within these cell line populations are sensitive to treatment with SM08502. In summary, SM08502 demonstrated anti-CSC activity against PC and appeared more potent than known CSC-inhibiting compounds. By depleting CSCs and reducing stemness in tumors, SM08502 can potentially address relapse and treatment resistance in PC. A phase 1 study assessing safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of SM08502 in subjects with advanced solid tumors is ongoing (NCT03355066). Citation Format: Carine Bossard, Nathalia Cruz, Brian Eastman, Chi-Ching Mak, Sunil KC, Betty Tam, Timothy Phalen, Steven Cha. SM08502, a novel, small-molecule CDC-like kinase (CLK) inhibitor, demonstrates activity against cancer stem cell (CSC)-enriched pancreatic cancer cells and suppresses stemness in vitro [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr C08.


Scientific research Institutional Educational Management and its Relationship with the Academic Satisfaction of Student Officers in the Peruvian Army Infantry School, 2019. The general objective is to determine the relationship between the variables Institutional Educational Management and Academic Satisfaction of Student Officers in the Peruvian Army Infantry School, 2019. It is a scientific study with a quantitative, bivariate and cross-sectional approach. With a descriptive correlational design. The total population is 120 student officers, the sample, through a simple randomization, was made up of 92 student officers. The main result is that; There is a significant relationship between Institutional Educational Management and the Academic Satisfaction of Student Officials. Since: 0.000 <0.05, the researcher's hypothesis (H1) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. The research concludes that it is shown that there is a strong positive correlation throughout the research, between the variables analyzed and their dimensions.


SynopsisStudies of the relative effectiveness of theoretical models of parent group education are reviewed. Previous critical reviews of the literature have called for comparative studies, which use a broad-based and representative approach to the assessment of outcome within a methodologically rigorous framework. The present article highlights the continued paucity of comparative studies which meet such basic requirements in methodology. Nevertheless, a consensus is emerging from the literature which suggests that differences in outcome as produced by differing theoretical models are not marked. Recommendations for future research centre around such a proposition and stress the need for continued striving toward establishing a firm empirical foundation.


A cellular simultaneous recurrent network (CSRN) [1-11] is a neural network architecture that uses conventional simultaneous recurrent networks (SRNs), or cells in a cellular structure. The cellular structure adds complexity, so the training of CSRNs is far more challenging than that of conventional SRNs. Computer Go serves as an excellent test bed for CSRNs because of its clear-cut objective. For the training data, we developed an accurate theoretical foundation and game tree for the 2×2 game board. The conventional CSRN architecture suffers from the multi-valued function problem; our modified CSRN architecture overcomes the problem by employing ternary coding of the Go board's representation and a normalized input dimension reduction. We demonstrate a 2×2 game tree trained with the proposed CSRN architecture and the proposed cellular particle swarm optimization.


Crib death, or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), is the most frequent form of death in the first year of life, striking one baby in every 1,700–2,000. Yet, despite advances in maternal–infant care, sudden intrauterine unexplained/unexpected death syndrome (SIUDS) has a sixfold to eightfold greater incidence than that of SIDS. Frequent congenital abnormalities, likely morphological substrates for SIDS–SIUDS, were detected, mainly represented by alterations of the cardiac conduction system, such as accessory pathways and abnormal resorptive degeneration, and hypoplasia/agenesis of the vital brainstem structures. On the basis of these considerations, the new common definition of the SIDS–SIUDS complex is "The sudden death of a fetus after the 25th gestational week or infant under one year of age which is unexpected by history and remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including examination of the death scene, performance of a general autopsy and examination of the fetal adnexa". Therefore, given that the general autopsy does not disclose any cause of death, a more in-depth histopathological analysis of the cardiac conduction system and autonomic nervous system by specialized pathologists is necessary.


The results of groundwater isotope analysis show that the groundwater in the Yinchuan Plain has different recharge patterns.The phreatic groundwater in the diluvial fan in front of the Helan mountain is mainly recharged by precipitation and the lateral flow from the Helan mountain;the phreatic groundwater both in the diluvial fan of the Qingtongxia gorge and in the fluvial plain is mainly recharged by the influent seepage of irrigation water from the Yellow River.In the natural state,the confined water is mainly the palaeowater which was recharged in the past,and its circulation is slow;but in the urban area where groundwater is exploited persistently,large volume of new water entered into the confined aquifer,and the rate of recharge from the upper aquifer accounts for 50%.Aiming at different hydrogeological conditions and water circulation characteristics,some corresponding measures for utilizing water resources reasonably are suggested.


In this work we seek optimal transmission policies for multiaccess fading channels with AWGN, under a network layer quality of service constraint. We consider M unbuffered variable bit rate (VBR) sources sharing a link with the objective of minimizing the rate of bits lost. We consider a fluid as well a packet model for the arrival process. Under very general conditions on the joint arrival and joint channel gain processes, we obtain the optimal rate and power allocation policies as functions of the arrival and channel gain vectors.


The invention discloses a method for backing up operating parameters of an application program. The method comprises the following steps: determining whether the operating parameters of the application program are saved in an external memory card; and backing up the operating parameters according to the determination result and saving the backed-up operating parameters to the memory of the mobile terminal. Compared with the prior art, the method for backing up operating parameters of the application program firstly determines whether the operating parameters of the application program are saved in the external memory card, and backs up the updated operating parameters and saves the operating parameters to the memory of the mobile terminal when the operating parameters of the application program are saved in the external memory card, so that the operating parameters are saved in both the external memory card and the memory of the mobile terminal, and thus the loss of the operating parameters after the external memory car is unloaded is avoided, and the user experience is improved. The invention also discloses a mobile terminal for backing up operating parameters of an application program.


Dr. Hancock is Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine. A n 18-year-old man sustained a gunshot wound to the head and brain. The bullet entered the right inferior frontal lobe and exited from the left frontal lobe. The entry wound was debrided and a partial right frontal lobectomy was performed through a right frontal craniotomy. '!Wo days after the operation, the patient was comatose and dependent on mechanical ventilation. The arterial blood pH was 7.51; pC02, 24; p02, 122; and bicarbonate, 19. 7. Serum osmolality was 286 mOsmlkg (normal, 285-310). The serum potassium concentration was 4.0 mEq!L, and the creatine kinase level was 814 UIL with an MB relative index of 0.2 % (normal, < 3). The ionized calcium level was 0.99 mmol/L (normal, 1.12-1.32). The phenytoin level was 21.1 mg/mL (usual therapeutic level, 10-20). The ECG recorded on this day is shown.


ABSTRACT Periodic wavelet frames have gained considerable popularity in recent years, primarily due to their substantiated applications in diverse and widespread fields of science and engineering. In this article, we introduce the concept of periodic wavelet frame on local fields of positive characteristic and show that under weaker conditions the periodization of any wavelet frame constructed by the unitary extension principle with dilation factor 𝔭−1 is a periodic wavelet frame on local fields. Moreover, based on the mixed extension principle and Fourier-based techniques of the wavelet frames, we present an explicit method for a pair of dual periodic wavelet frames on local fields of positive characteristic.


The present article deals with the China faces the specific difficult ecological challenges in agriculture. On one hand, we observe the high economic growth, especially since the economic reforms for last two or more decades. On the other hand, the buildup in livestock is destroying vast areas of grassland. China's agricultural production intensification coupled with crop yield and livestock productivity increase has led to soil degradation and fertility decrease as well as to deterioration of environment. All this necessitates ecologically sound and economically effective methods. Also the article is based on the data on rural development in China in the beginning of the 21st century. Demographic and land endowment issues, questions of rural economy growth, ecological, financial and social issues in the countryside form the background of the analysis. The authors focused on the recent rural policy assessments in China, which show growing concerns for social situation in the countryside on the part of the leadership. This new approach may become a base for more optimistic insights into the future of China's agriculture in transitions toward sustainable development.


In recent decades, fieldwork with 20th century hunter-gatherers has led to a "paradigm shift" away from emphasis on child care by the mother alone, toward alloparental care in which parents and their children benefit from help provided by children's older siblings, mother's siblings, mother's mother and more distantly related or unrelated others. This paper emphasizes the importance of alloparental care among the Alyawarra-speaking people of Central Australia in 1971-72. It reports on 1439 numerically coded behavioral observations of infant and child carrying, in combination with extensive kinship, genealogical, demographic and census data that reveal previously undetected patterns in child care, including the extreme rarity of carrying by parents (2.85% of carries by mothers, 0.28% by fathers). I suggest that Alyawarra infants and children were treated as part of the Commons, deeply analogous to all shared resources including kangaroos, waterholes and sacred sites. Everyone ultimately benefited from the birth of a child and its later contributions to the welfare of all, so virtually everyone was responsible for participating in its care. I interpret these data in terms of kin selection, reciprocal altruism, mutual aid and other survival strategies that precluded the Tragedy of the Commons in the harsh and capricious environment of the Central Australian desert.


While several prognostic factors have been identified in breast carcinoma, the clinical outcome remains hard to predict for individual patients. Better predictive markers are needed to help guide difficult treatment decisions. In previous studies of breast carcinoma specimens, an association between poor clinical outcome and the expression of cytokeratin markers 17 and/or cytokeratin 5 mRNAs was noted. Here we describe the results of immunohistochemistry studies using monoclonal antibodies against these markers to analyze 55 paraffin-embedded breast tumors. We found that expression of cytokeratin markers 17 and/or cytokeratin 5/6 in tumor cells was associated with a poor clinical outcome. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that in node-negative breast carcinoma, expression of these cytokeratins markers were a prognostic factors independent of tumor size and tumor grade.


IoT/Bigdata is a hot research topic all over the world in recent years and is expecting to change the world greatly in the near future. Comparing with the data in traditional websites, Bigdata from IoT devices have 4 big V-features, i.e., volume, velocity, variety, and veracity. Due to the above four features, it is hard to provide timely services to users by data analysis, especially with the great growth of data types, volume and so on. Data should be able to aware situations/demands of users, and automatically be adjusted for discovering the situations/demands of users'. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a two-ties-aware mechanism for Bigdata management and analysis. The first-tie-aware is to automatically grasp the situations around the user, and encapsulate the situation together when data is generated. The second-tie-aware is to automatically change the data to fit users' situations/demands. Furthermore, we propose a novel discovery algorithm based on the two-tiles-aware model. Given the user inputs from their ambiguous memory fragments, the discovery algorithm tries to discover the truly wanted information. Currently, the system is going to be implemented based on some open sources.


This study proposes a second-order sliding-mode observer (SOSMO) of the linear induction motor to deal with the sensorless problem, considering the influence of the end effects. The proposed SOSMO required only the measured voltages and currents to provide flux, motor speed and speed-depended parameter estimation simultaneously. The stability of the system and the error convergence of the flux and the speed have been proved. The performance of the proposed observer is verified by hardware-in-the-loop test system. Furthermore, a comparative study with model reference adaptive system and Luenberger observer is presented.


The ordering kinetics of the order-disorder phase transition in Cu 3 Au has been investigated by X-ray diffraction. The time dependence of the (1 1 0) superlattice peak profile was measured at various temperatures. The data were analyzed on the basis of models for time developments of stable and unstable states. The results of the analysis revealed the features associated with the three characteristic temperatures, T instability , T c and T classical .


1Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 2Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore 3Department of Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 4Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Canada 5Department of Geriatric Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore Address for Correspondence: Adj A/Prof Lim Wee Shiong, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Annex, Level 2, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Translating the Science of Frailty in Singapore: Results from the National Frailty Consensus Discussion Wee Shiong Lim,1MBBS, MRCP, MHPE, Chek Hooi Wong,2,3MBBS, FRCP, MPH,Yew Yoong Ding,1,2MBBS, FRCP, PhD, Kenneth Rockwood,4 MD, FRCPC, FRCP, Christopher Lien,5MBBS, FRCP, MPA Singapore: Translating the Science of Frailty—Wee Shiong Lim et al Commentary


Among the fused iron catalysts for the syntheses from water-gas, those containing Al2O3 and K2O as principal promoters behaved differently from those containing SiO2, MgO, and K2O as such. With the former, it was well known that the products rich in oxygenates were obtained when the synthesis could be carried out at low temperatures. In the present study, an addition of copper has proved to bring about an increase in oxygenates with a simultaneous decrease of the activity. A marked effect of copper on the yield of alcohols has already been realized at the addition of 0.25% of CuO into the catalyst, while no further remarkable effect has been easily observed with its increasing amounts. The observations of microscopic structures, such as the area, the chemisorption of CO2, and CO showed also considerable changes at this amount of addition. An excess amount of copper is liable to segregate along the grain boundaries and hence seems to contribute little for the promotion. By the addition of Al2O3 together wi...


The source levels, frequencies, and damping constants of individual bubbles, catastrophically generated by spilling breakers, have been measured in the NPS Ocean Acoustic Wave Facility, OAWF. OAWF consists of a 17‐m‐long×1‐m‐deep×1‐m‐wide water channel in which waves are driven by an oscillating plunger. The waves grow and then form spilling breakers on the surface of a large, nonreverberant volume at the end of the channel. Two calibrated hydrophones suffice to identify the type of bubble, its surface location, and its dipole axial source strength. The sources of the breaker noise have thereby been identified as transient bubbles of resonance frequency 350 Hz to 50 kHz, with lifetimes from 2 to 20 ms. These bubbles radiate as dipoles from positions within a few hundred μm to a few mm of the surface. The long‐term average of the bubble radiations has the same slope as the Knudsen wind wave spectra at sea, 5 dB/oct. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]


Objective The present study was to analyze the clinico-pathological features and outcomes of primary malignant duodenal tumors(PMDT) in Southern China.Methods All the cases with PMDT confirmed by histology and admitted to our hospital during the last 10 years(from 1997 to 2006) were included in the study.Clinical details and histological subtyping were retrospectively analyzed.Survival information was collected.Results 64 cases of PMDT were enrolled,accounting for about 0.02% of all the in-patients in the same period in our hospital and there were 44 males(68.7%) and 20 females(31.3%).The median age at diagnosis was 53.5 years(ranging from 28 to 89 years).In 48 cases(75.0%)the tumors occurred in the descending part,and 5 cases(7.8%) in the bulb part.The top three most frequent clinical presentations were abdominal pain/discomfort,anemia,and nausea/vomiting.Histologically,adenocarcinoma was the most common type.The overall median survival for 53 patients was 38 months.Patients with early staged tumors(median survival 62 months) and accepting radical surgery(62 months) survived significantly longer than those with advanced staged tumors(12 months) and undertaking conservative surgery(6 months)(P0.05).Conclusion PMDT was rare and lacked specific presentations.It occurred mostly in the descending part.Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type.Patients with radical surgery and early stage(Ⅰ+Ⅱ) had more favorable outcome than those with conservative surgery and late stage(Ⅲ+Ⅳ).


In Reply.— We did not "mistakenly" include lethal cases in our list of patients with Bart's syndrome. The inclusion was intentional. Drs Amichai and Metzker agreed that Bart's syndrome has been reported with different modes of inheritance, different clinical findings, and varied electron microscopic and immunohistologic results. Since basically all types of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) have been reported to present with congenital localized absence of the skin (CLAS), there obviously will be some lethal cases of EB reported. Their assumption that Bart's syndrome follows a benign course with eventual arrest of the lesions is false. Although the areas of CLAS do resolve in these patients, the manifestations of the associated EB frequently continue throughout life. If the patients present with a "benign" form of EB, then they will follow a benign course. However, if the patient's manifestations are those of one of the lethal forms of EB, the course is far from benign. We disagree with Drs Amichai and Metzker's contention


Background Checkpoint blockade often fails due to a lack of pre-existing immune response. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) induce inflammation and generate a tumor specific immune response which is critical for patients with immune desert or excluded tumors. Further, OVs can be engineered to deliver therapeutic cargo in the tumor microenvironment. However, mechanisms of resistance to OVs are not well understood. To study OV resistance, we developed derivatives of the head and neck cancer line MEER: one sensitive to oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV, MEER vvS ), and one resistant to VV (MEER vvR ). Using these, we determined mechanisms which suppressed the anti-tumor immune response and engineered a new VV to target them. Methods A MEER vvS tumor that grew out post-treatment was passaged in mice with a single intratumoral dose of VV given at each passage. This was repeated until a VV-resistant line was generated. For flow-cytometric tumor infiltrating lympho-cyte analysis, MEER vvR and MEER vvS tumors were implanted in mice, treated with a single dose of VV ctrl , VV TGF b i , or PBS, and harvested 7-days post-treatment.


A deep burn injury of the right upper extremity in a 12‐month‐old boy was successfully reconstructed with a tensor fascia lata free flap taken from an acutely burned donor thigh, as a healthy donor site was not available elsewhere. The result was satisfactory.


People demanding for smaller hand-held devices is increasing because of the growing applications within these portable System on Chip (SoC) applications, such as cellular phones, tabs, laptops, etc... Consequently industry is also pushing towards miniaturization. New technologies are emerging to make device smaller and smaller, by decreasing transistor length only to few nano-meters. During the journey of miniaturization, voltage regulator is being a key factor of discussion for SoC applications from many years. Researchers have been working constantly to formulate a design for voltage regulators. Many compensation methods have been emerging from last two decades to overcome problems associated with precursor technique. This paper insights the pathway which leads to development of Capacitor-Less Low Drop out (CL-LDO) Voltage Regulator, since CL-LDO architecture is the most suitable architecture for System on Chip applications. Index Terms: Dropout voltage, Quiescent current, Miller capacitor, Differential amplifier, Trans-conductance amplifier, Line regulation, Load regulation, Line transient, Load transient, fast path, transient compensation, Die area.


Late in 2016, the New Zealand Parliament passed the Patents Act (Trans-Tasman Patent Attorneys and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2016. The Act forms part of a larger scheme to create a Single Economic Market (SEM) in Australia and New Zealand, arising from a joint statement of intent issued by the then Prime Ministers John Key and Kevin Rudd, in August 2009. The Act was also used as a vehicle to correct an "error" in the Patents Act 2013. Under the 2013 Act as originally enacted, the grounds for opposition, re-examination and revocation were made uniform. One of the requirements is that the claims of a specification relate to one invention. That is, every patent application should only embody a single invention. This is also referred to as the requirement of "unity of invention". According to the Government, this was an error, as it was never intended that one should be able to object to a patent application on the basis of lack of unity of invention. This article examines the passing of the Patents Act (Trans-Tasman Patent Attorneys and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2016 and the inconsistency that has been introduced between pre- and post-grant procedures and why this is illogical. The article, furthermore, critically discusses the various comments made regarding unity of invention during parliamentary debates.


When navigating in crowds, humans are able to move efficiently between people. They look ahead to know which path would reduce the complexity of their interactions with others. Current navigation systems for virtual agents consider the long-term planning to find a path in the static environment and the short term reaction to avoid collision with close obstacles. Recently some mid-term considerations have been added to avoid high density areas. However, there is no mid-term planning among static and dynamic obstacles that would enable the agent to look ahead and avoid difficult paths or find easy ones as human do. In this paper we present a system for such mid-term planning. This system is added to the navigation process between the path finding and the local avoidance to improve the navigation of virtual agents. We show the capacities of such system on several case studies. Finally we use an energy criterion to compare trajectories computed with and without the mid-term planning.


This research aims to find out if there is significant difference in purchase intention based on social influence and value consciousness between male and female customers of counterfeit wakai shoes. Counterfeit products cause a considerable amount of damage in the free market economy. Moreover, future investment in research and development is placed at risk from the unfair competition generated by counterfeit products. The international trade of counterfeit product is enormous. Purchasing intention of counterfeit wakai shoes are currently increasing because there are a lot of people who become the buyers of this product. Counterfeit wakai shoes are easy to found because it is sold everywhere. This research conducted by a quantitative method and this research population is the buyers of wakai counterfeit shoes. By using an Independent Sample t-test, this research conducted a hypothesis is significant difference in social influence and value consciousness between male and female customers of counterfeit wakai shoes. Based on the result of this research, the data is normally distributed and homogenous. The result shows that there are no significant differences in purchase intention based on social influence and value consciousness between male and female customers of counterfeit wakai shoes. Findings suggest that original manufactures have to make a mark or hologram unable to imitate so there will be a significant differences between original and counterfeit. Keywords : Counterfeiting, gender, social influence, value consciousness


Algae (both micro and macro) have gained huge attention in the recent past for their high commercial value
products. They are the source of various biomolecules of commercial applications ranging from nutraceuticals to fuels.
Phycobiliproteins are one such high value low volume compounds which are mainly obtained from micro and macro algae.
In order to tap the bioresource, a significant amount of work has been carried out for large scale production of algal biomass.
However, work on downstream processing aspects of phycobiliproteins (PBPs) from algae is scarce, especially in case of
macroalgae. There are several difficulties in cell wall disruption of both micro and macro algae because of their cell wall
structure and compositions. At the same time, there are several challenges in the purification of phycobiliproteins.
The current review article focuses on the recent developments in downstream processing of phycobiliproteins (mainly phycocyanins
and phycoerythrins) from micro and macroalgae. The current status, the recent advancements and potential technologies
(that are under development) are summarised in this review article besides providing future directions for the
present research area.


A nonlinear controller design method is proposed for active surge control of compression system. Close-coupled valve (CCV) is used to modify the characteristic of the compressor, and allows for stable operation beyond the original surge line. The controller is constructed on the uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE) approach. The algorithm provides excellent stabilization and disturbance rejection performance. Simulations are given to show the effectiveness of the method.


The growing need to deal efficiently with massive computing tasks prompts us to consider the following question: How well can we solve fundamental optimization problems if our algorithms have to run really quickly? The motivation for the research presented in this thesis stems from addressing the above question in the context of algorithmic graph theory.
To pursue this direction, we develop a toolkit that combines a diverse set of modern algorithmic techniques, including sparsification, low-stretch spanning trees, the multiplicative-weights-update method, dynamic graph algorithms, fast Laplacian system solvers, and tools of spectral graph theory.
Using this toolkit, we obtain improved algorithms for several basic graph problems including: • The Maximum s-t Flow and Minimum s-t Cut Problems. We develop a new approach to computing (1 – e)-approximately maximum s-t flow and (1 + e)-approximately minimum s-t cut in undirected graphs that gives the fastest known algorithms for these tasks. These algorithms are the first ones to improve the long-standing bound of O(n3/2) running time on sparse graphs; • Multicommodity Flow Problems. We set forth a new method of speeding up the existing approximation algorithms for multicommodity flow problems, and use it to obtain the fastest-known (1 – e)-approximation algorithms for these problems. These results improve upon the best previously known bounds by a factor of roughly Ω(m/n), and make the resulting running times essentially match the Ω(m/n) "flow-decomposition barrier" that is a natural obstacle to all the existing approaches; • Undirected (Multi-)Cut-Based Minimization Problems . We develop a general framework for designing fast approximation algorithms for (multi-)cutbased minimization problems in undirected graphs. Applying this framework leads to the first algorithms for several fundamental graph partitioning primitives, such as the (generalized) sparsest cut problem and the balanced separator problem, that run in close to linear time while still providing polylogarithmic approximation guarantees; • The Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem. We design an Oplogn loglogn p -approximation algorithm for the classical problem of combinatorial optimization: the asymmetric traveling salesman problem. This is the first asymptotic improvement over the long-standing approximation barrier of Θ(log n) for this problem; • Random Spanning Tree Generation . We improve the bound on the time needed to generate an uniform random spanning tree of an undirected graph. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)


You beckoned me back then To join you in dancing Upon a floor made clear for us To have our moment in the waltz.

Perhaps you heard it first, then I: The sameness of the string tunes Played by strumming hands upon our hearts, Drawing us with every finger stroke In seamless unison toward the floor of dreams.

String songs merged melodiously As our hands first clasped And gazes locked into the warm ensemble Which became the rhythm of our newfound joy.

So certain …


Summary Oxygen consumption in fetal rabbit ductus arteriosus and descending aorta was studied after human umbilical artery tissue was used to standardize the technique. A steady state of oxygen consumption persisted for 90-100 min after dissection, and a tissue dry weight of greater than 15 mg was necessary to obtain reliable data, necessitating pooling of rabbit fetal tissue from an entire litter. Ductus arteriosus tissue from 25.75-26.5 day gestation had an oxygen consumption of 2.05 ± 0.22 (4)μI oxygen/10 mg dry wt/hr, and at 27.5-29.5 it was 5.69 ± 0.28 (7) (P < 0.001). There was no change with gestational age in the oxygen consumption in the descending aorta (2.15 ± 0.23 μI oxygen/10 mg dry wt/hr).


The inscribed angle theorem, a famous result about the angle subtended by a chord within a circle, is well known and commonly taught in school curricula. In this paper, we present a generalisation of this result (and other related circle theorems) to the rectangular hyperbola. The notion of angle is replaced by pseudo-angle, defined via the Minkowski inner product. Indeed, in Minkowski space, the unit hyperbola is the set of points a unit metric distance from the origin, analogous to the Euclidean unit circle. While this is a result of pure geometrical interest, the connection to Minkowski space allows an interpretation in terms of special relativity where, in the limit c→ ∞, it leads to a familiar result from non-relativistic dynamics. This non-relativistic result can be interpreted as an inscribed angle theorem for the parabola, which we show can also be obtained from the Euclidean inscribed angle theorem by taking the limit of a family of ellipses ananlogous to the non-relativistic limit c → ∞. This simple result could be used as a pedagogical example to consolidate understanding of pseudo-angles in non-Euclidean spaces or to demonstrate the power of analytic continuation.


The paper examines the existence of fisher effect for Nigeria, by regressing interest rates on inflation rate during the period 1970-2007. The cointegration and error correction regression results indicate that increases in inflation rate lead to increase in nominal interest rates by less than one point, thus confirming the existence of a long run partial fisher effect in Nigeria. The author recommends that the monetary authorities should employ strategies that will prevent inflation from rising if nominal interest rates are to be kept at low levels. In addition, government should give more subsidies, and increase its investment in infrastructure (power, transports, etc.,) in order to promote and raise production. These measures among other things would go a long way in curbing inflation rate and interest rates.


This research was entitled as "Relationship of Physiological Parameters as Predictors of Performance in Volleyball Players". The subjects for the present study were hundred (50-male and 50-female) inter-college level volleyball players from the affiliated colleges of Panjab University, Chandigarh. The data pertaining to the anthropometrical, physical and physiological variables was collected in the track and laboratory of Physical Education Department, Panjab University. The performance was assessed by the panel of three judges rating of skills during the inter-college tournament of Panjab University. In order to correlate the performance in playing ability on the basis of the physiological variables, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Correlations will be employed. The dependent variables predicting playing ability performance in volleyball was found out through Regression Equations. The analysis of data of men volleyball players reveals that none of the physiological variables showed any significant relationship to playing ability. In case of women volleyball players also none of the physiological variables showed any significant relationship to volleyball playing ability.


The H∞-Corona Problem is solved by Carleson in [11] when D is the unit disc of C but is still an open question when n ≥ 2, even if D is the ball or the polydisc. On the other side, Sibony in [27] and Fornæss and Sibony in [14] construct bounded pseudoconvex domains with smooth boundary and data f1, . . . , fk, such that the Corona Problem has no solution. It is an interesting question to know for which domains in Cn the Corona Problem may have a solution. As pointed out by Amar in [3], being able to solve theHp-Corona Problem is a necessary condition to solve the H∞-Corona Problem. Let us state the Hp-Corona Problem. We write D as the set D = {z ∈ Cn, r(z) < 0} where r is a smooth function on Cn such that dr 6= 0 on the boundary of D. For ε ∈ R, we denote by bDε the boundary of Dε := {z ∈ C n, r(z) < ε}, and by dσε the euclidean area measure on bDε. The Hardy space Hp(D), p > 0, is the set of holomorphic functions f on D such that


A flight trajectory optimization algorithm with fuel and contrails models, which develops alternative flight paths, provides policy makers the necessary data to make tradeoffs between persistent contrails mitigation and aircraft fuel consumption. This study develops an algorithm that calculates wind-optimal trajectories for cruising aircraft while avoiding the regions of airspace prone to persistent contrails formation. The optimal trajectory is derived using Singular Perturbation Method. The regions of airspace favorable to persistent contrails formation are modeled as high-risk areas that aircraft should avoid and are adjustable. The tradeoffs between persistent contrails formation and additional travel time are investigated for wind-optimal trajectories and various contrails-avoidance trajectories at 10 different cruising altitudes for flights departing from Chicago and San Diego to New York. The additional travel times required for avoiding 100% persistent contrails formation at various flight altitudes ranged from approximately 0% to 4.3% for flights from Chicago to New York. For flights between San Diego and New York, additional traveling times vary between 1.3% and 5% depending on the cruise altitude and the percentage of contrail avoidance. Talk will present the results of aircraft fuel consumptions that are proportional to the travel time for cruising aircraft.


The interpretation of regional magnetic anomalies commonly observed over continental crust in both satellite and near-surface magnetic data has remained enigmatic in its requirement for laterally extensive, thick, highly magnetic, and deep-seated sources. Presented here are the results of a detailed field, analytical, and experimental study of the magnetic mineralogy and magnetic properties of rocks from Lofoten and Vesteralen, Norway, a province of deep-seated origin with associated regional magnetic and gravity anomalies. These rocks have a bulk magnetic character of surprising uniformity, with susceptibilities, hysteresis, and Curie temperatures defined solely by coarse-grained magnetite. Stable remanence is observed in samples from SW Lofoten but is not of significant magnitude. The thermal enhancement of magnetic susceptibility, the Hopkinson effect, is not important. Rocks from the deepest part of the section have the largest average susceptibilities, 6×10−2 (SI), and magnitudes of natural remanent magnetization (NRM), 5×10−4 A m2/kg. These values of susceptibility, together with the oft-observed viscous character of the NRM, suggest that these granulite facies lithologies (particularly those of SW Lofoten) are perfect examples of lower crustal sources of typical regional magnetic anomalies. Furthermore, these intermediate-pressure granulites define a unique magnetic petrology, especially for mafic compositions. At higher grades of metamorphism (high-pressure granulites and eclogites) or lower grades (greenschist and amphibolite facies) such magnetite-bearing assemblages will be unstable, and their high- or low-grade equivalents will be only weakly magnetic. This evidence and these conclusions may be used to constrain models of lower crustal sources of regional magnetic anomalies over stable cratons. It portrays the lower crust as a highly magnetic unit, defined by metamorphic grade, with a Curie isotherm of 575°C (magnetite) and magnetization parallel to the ambient geomagnetic field (induced and viscous components).


The present invention provides a drum type thermal desorption soil remediation system, the drum-type thermal desorption soil remediation system comprises a feed apparatus of the drum front end, a rear end of the drum feeding device, the furnace, the furnace is provided around the furnace insulation, disposed through the roller hearth, a heating element disposed at the bottom of the furnace, the transmission for rotating the drive roller, and means for processing off-gas exhaust gas treatment unit. The system of the present invention can quickly and effectively remove the volatile contaminants in the soil and the volatilized contaminants are adsorbed exhaust gas treatment apparatus to prevent atmospheric pollution. The system structure of the present invention is simple, simple, safe, low cost, removable, a wide range.


This work applies a continuous data assimilation scheme---a particular framework for reconciling sparse and potentially noisy observations to a mathematical model---to Rayleigh-B\'enard convection at infinite or large Prandtl numbers using only the temperature field as observables. These Prandtl numbers are applicable to the earth's mantle and to gases under high pressure. We rigorously identify conditions that guarantee synchronization between the observed system and the model, then confirm the applicability of these results via numerical simulations. Our numerical experiments show that the analytically derived conditions for synchronization are far from sharp; that is, synchronization often occurs even when the conditions of our theorems are not met. We also develop estimates on the convergence of an infinite Prandtl model to a large (but finite) Prandtl number generated set of observations. Numerical simulations in this hybrid setting indicate that the mathematically rigorous results are accurate, but of practical interest only for extremely large Prandtl numbers.


The knowledge based of expert system for comprehension of forage crops and utilization on pasture system could be extracted from domain experts and established literatures for preparing an expert system skeleton. This system was developed by CLIPS program. The skeleton of the expert system is divided into four main parts; information, pasture management and prediction. The introduction part will help user to get general information of forage crops and the important environmental factors of many processes so that user can understand the process components in pasture establishment. The pasture management part explains the principle of managing the pasture for sustainable utility and gaining continuously and sufficiently high yield of crops and animal production. The last part is prediction part, to illustrate principle of factors and algorithms using in decision making / prediction the selection of forage crop varieties on pasture establishment; furthermore, in this part has model for predicting groundwater pollution vulnerability of the existing environment of pasture which will be established.


Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with significant morbidity and early mortality in affected individuals and new treatments are urgently needed. Until recently hydroxyurea, an oral medication...


Brettanomyces bruxellensis has been described as the principal spoilage yeast in the winemaking industry. To avoid its growth, wine is supplemented with SO2, which has been questioned due to its potential harm to health. For this reason, studies are being focused on searching for, ideally, natural new antifungals. On the other hand, it is known that in wine production there are a variety of microorganisms, such as yeasts and bacteria, that are possible biological controls. Thus, it has been described that some microorganisms produce antimicrobial peptides, which might control yeast and bacteria populations. Our laboratory has described the Candida intermedia LAMAP1790 strain as a natural producer of antimicrobial compounds against food spoilage microorganisms, as is B. bruxellensis, without affecting the growth of S. cerevisiae. We have demonstrated the proteinaceous nature of the antimicrobial compound and its low molecular mass (under 10 kDa). This is the first step to the possible use of C. intermedia as a selective bio-controller of the contaminant yeast in the winemaking industry.


Peptide hormones and neuropeptides form a diverse class of signaling molecules that control essential processes in animals. Despite several breakthroughs in peptide discovery, many signaling peptides remain undiscovered. Recently, we demonstrated the use of somatostatin-like toxins from cone snail venom to identify homologous signaling peptides in prey. Here, we demonstrate that this toxin-based approach can be systematically applied to the discovery of other unknown bilaterian signaling peptides. Using large sequencing datasets, we searched for homologies between cone snail toxins and putative peptides from several important model organisms representing the snails' prey. We identified five toxin families that share strong similarities with previously unknown signaling peptides from mollusks and annelids. One of the peptides was also identified in rotifers, brachiopods, platyhelminths, and arthropods, and another was found to be structurally related to crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, a peptide not previously known to exist in Spiralia. Based on several lines of evidence we propose that these signaling peptides not only exist but serve important physiological functions. Finally, we propose that the discovery pipeline developed here can be more broadly applied to other systems in which one organism has evolved molecules to manipulate the physiology of another.


Mr. President, members of the Assocation, and guests. I am here to retire, but I do not wish to be retiring. Both ends can be accomplished if I address myself to the principal objective of the Mathematical Association of America: that of the steady and imaginative improvement of collegiate education in Mathematics. Collegiate education in Mathematics must not be construed too narrowly. On the one hand, we cannot ignore high school mathematics; this is the source of our entering students with their manifold difficulties in Mathematics. On the other hand, we cannot neglect graduate instruction in Mathematics; this is the source of our new teachers and the goal of some of our ablest students. Collegiate education in Mathematics needs the most imaginative and vigorous reform, for it is now beset by numerous troubles and inadequacies. These are internal troubles. Many of our courses cleave valiantly to a weak and obsolete tradition. Calculus has a perspicuous and beautiful intellectual structure, but its usual presentation is distorted by the unhappy fact that each new "standard" calculus text must copy the weakness of a long line of equally imitative predecessors. Trigonometry is in worse state; the publishers and authors of trigonometry texts conspire to demonstrate in exhaustive detail the combinatorial fact that an infinity of different texts is possible. The demonstration can be given more briefly: just combine all the alternative orderings of the following: define first the trignometric functions of an acute angle, or first those of a general angle; first triangles by logarithms or triangles by natural functions; identities first or equations first, etc., etc., etc. Among the standard courses, College Algebra is in perhaps the worst shape. Years ago, when it was first estab-lishedt, it perhaps made sense, but under the pressure from masses of weaker and weaker entering students, the course has been analytically continued by continued dilutions. Today "College Algebra" stands for a subject which ought to be taught in the high school and which has nothing to do with algebra. These are only some of the internal troubles of collegiate mathematics. There are also numerous external troubles. On the one hand, the social scientists have discovered that Mathematics can be of use. They properly complain that calculus and linear algebra are currently taught with a view only to the engineering and physical applications. They urge needed reform, and they are under a great temptation to urge too …


One woman came a thousand miles from San Francisco just to see it. They came from all classes and walks of life—fishermen from up north, lumberjacks from the Grays Harbor Region. I recall seeing a day laborer, who had been working in the rain all day repairing the cartracks in front of the theatre, go to the box office of The Playhouse at quitting time to buy a pair of seats. The same people came twice, some three, four and more times to see it. ALBERT OT TENHEIMER , "Seattle's 'Peer Gynt,' " June 1941


As an effort to utilize alginate, 103 bacterial isolates that were positive for the alginate lyase activity were isolated from various clams and seawater samples collected in Incheon coastal area. Among them, 3 strains (M1-2-1, M6-1, and C8-15) were finally selected for further analysis based on their activities at higher levels than others. These isolates were all Gram-negative and rod shaped halophilic bacteria with motility. According to their physiological and biochemical properties as well as DNA sequence of their 16S rRNA genes, M1-2-1 and M6-1 were identified as a member of genus Pseudoalteromonas and C8-15 belonged to genus Vibrio. They exhibited the alginate degrading activity at the maximal level when they were cultured in APY broth for 6–8 h at 25°C. Both their growth and the enzyme activity were greatly enhanced when NaCl was added to the growth medium. The crude alginate lyases from the supernatants of the bacterial cultures showed the highest activity at 45°C and pH 7.0–8.0. M1-2-1 and M6-1 produced 2.723 and 1.976 g/L of reducing sugar from alginate, respectively, suggesting that they have potential for commercial application.


There are currently two identical bills pending in Congress (House Resolution 4730 and Senate Bill 2148) which this research will examine. Title I of these bills would establish a reforestation and conservation program entitled the Conservation Reserve Program. The Secretary of Agriculture would be able to designate land regularly used in the production of certain crops as eligible for program participation. If a landowner of farmer places the‐designated land in the program it must be planted in a "shelter belt," which is an area of vegetative cover. Shelter belts can be divided for simplicity into two types, grassland and tree.


Noise measurements have been performed on two identical space-qualified gyroscopes of the floated rate-integrating type (Ferranti Type 125) in an analogue rebalance-loop configuration of selectable loop bandwidth, running under spacerepresentative conditions. The noise frequency range of interest was 0.005 to 50 Hz.
The noise results have been processed into a number of statistical parameters (mean, standard deviation, range, slope and histogram). In addition, through a Fast Fourier Transform, auto- and cross-power spectra have been determined together with auto- and cross-covariance functions, By making use of transferfunction polynomials, equivalent gyro open-loop power spectra have been computed
from the closed-loop results and compared with directly measured, open-loop spectra. A selection of the results is presented here. Some physical causes of identifiable noise spectral lines are discussed.


The stacked foil activation technique and gamma-ray spectroscopy method were used to measure the excitation functions of (w,xn) reactions on 16'Ho up to 50MeV with a view to improving the quality of data, which was previously measured with a poor resolution scintillation detector some twenty years ago. The experimental results were compared with the predictions of the updated exciton model, where a general agreement was found with initial exciton configuration ma = 5 (5pOh).


STUDY OBJECTIVES
Sleep neurobiology studies use nocturnal species, mainly rats and mice. However, because their daily sleep/wake organization is inverted as compared to humans, a diurnal model for sleep studies is needed. To fill this gap, we phenotyped sleep and waking in Arvicanthis ansorgei, a diurnal rodent widely used for the study of circadian rhythms.

DESIGN
Video-electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), and electrooculogram (EOG) recordings.

SETTING
Rodent sleep laboratory.

PARTICIPANTS
Fourteen male Arvicanthis ansorgei, aged 3 mo.

INTERVENTIONS
12 h light (L):12 h dark (D) baseline condition, 24-h constant darkness, 6-h sleep deprivation.

MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
Wake and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep showed similar electrophysiological characteristics as nocturnal rodents. On average, animals spent 12.9 h ± 0.4 awake per 24-h cycle, of which 6.88 h ± 0.3 was during the light period. NREM sleep accounted for 9.63 h ± 0.4, which of 5.13 h ± 0.2 during dark period, and REM sleep for 89.9 min ± 6.7, which of 52.8 min ± 4.4 during dark period. The time-course of sleep and waking across the 12 h light:12 h dark was overall inverted to that observed in rats or mice, though with larger amounts of crepuscular activity at light and dark transitions. A dominant crepuscular regulation of sleep and waking persisted under constant darkness, showing the lack of a strong circadian drive in the absence of clock reinforcement by external cues, such as a running wheel. Conservation of the homeostatic regulation was confirmed with the observation of higher delta power following sustained waking periods and a 6-h sleep deprivation, with subsequent decrease during recovery sleep.

CONCLUSIONS
Arvicanthis ansorgei is a valid diurnal rodent model for studying the regulatory mechanisms of sleep and so represents a valuable tool for further understanding the nocturnality/diurnality switch.


Australia has completed its first government sponsored evaluation of university research under the auspices of the Australian Research Council (ARC). Results from the evaluation exercise, Excellence in Research in Australia (ERA), were released early in 2011. ERA is distinctive in that it is designed to provide an evaluation of disciplines and sub-disciplines rather than individuals or administrative units, such as departments, schools or faculties. Each discipline and sub-discipline at each university is provided with a national rating against a corresponding world benchmark. Heterodox economics has been hidden in the classification scheme as it is only part of the sub discipline, "other economics", along with comparative economics, ecological economics and a residual category of economics not elsewhere classified. "Other economics" did not fare well in the ERA, either in terms or quantity of research outputs reported or the quality rating assigned to these outputs. This paper analyses the biases built into the ERA process that contributed to this outcome. It also recommends changes to these processes that would result in a fairer evaluation of heterodox economics in the next round of ERA scheduled for 2012. *The views expressed in this paper are those of the author alone and do not represent the position of any organisation with which he is or has been associated. Comments from Paul W. Miller are gratefully acknowledged.


Reactions of heart and the central nervous system of swimmers of high qualification to intellectual and local muscular activity are studied. Similarity of character of changes of the psychophysiological indicators, testifying to pressure central regulation influences on heart and psychoemotional pressure growth is shown at both kinds of activity. Proofs of the central organisation of intellectual and local muscular activity are received.


The inventory policy problem is a problem in the inventory system related to how to ensure that each usage demand can be met at minimal cost. In the healthcare industry, it is imperative that the procurement and use of stock is not only cost-effective, but also that the required stock is always available. Discrepancies between total inventory and usage can lead to damage to BMHP inventory as the items have expiry dates, as well as excess total inventory costs. The problem of total inventory costs exceeding the budget occurs because overstock is 83% of the total need, overstock is caused by an excessive number of drug orders purchased. The purpose of this study is to reduce the total cost of inventory by considering expiry costs, inspection cost, shortage cost, order cost, holding cost using the EOQ method. The first stage in this study is to calculate the optimal order quantity value, then find the expected number of drug expirations. These results will be used to calculate the total inventory cost of five types of medical materials. for the inspection cost value, if the number of expired medical materials is above 20, the inspection cost value is not equal to zero. The calculation results found that the total inventory cost was Rp. 162,904,965, this cost is less than the actual cost of Rp. 185,843,346.00 with a difference of 12%.


The utility model discloses a processing clamp for wire conveying supporting plate top surface holes. The processing clamp comprises a base, a left and a right press plate clamping mechanisms for clamp workpieces on the vertical direction are arranged on the rear side of the base, a first fixing block and a second fixing block for supporting the workpieces are arranged respectively on the front edge and at the back part of the base near to the position of the press plate clamping mechanism; a fixed leg for shielding the workpieces is arranged on the left side of the base; a bolt clamping mechanism for clamping the workpieces on the horizontal direction is arranged on the right side of the base; and guide grooves for embedding a V-shaped guide rail at the bottom of the workpieces are formed on the second fixing block. The processing clamp provided by the utility model ensures the processing precision of all sizes and the stability of the processing precision, reduces the requirement of technical levels to workers, alleviates the labor intensity of the workers, decreases the assisting time of processing, and improves the production efficiency, so as to be easy to achieve the mass production.


Eastern Seaside of Gangwon province is organized as Eastern frontier province[東界] as military zones in the Goryeo Dynasty. Therefore many military sites exist, and the frontline guard post, called Soo[戍] are distributed. But the location and function of these sites are not clear. This article is revealing location and function of these sites. I conducted a extensive literature search in order to achieve this purpose, verified by field survey. As a result, these sites are defined as a frontline guard post and played a role of function in monitoring and preventing the enemy[東女眞, Jurchen pirates] invading through the sea in early Goryeo Dynasty. Therefore, these site is located on the promontory and mountain of the beach. Some of these sites became reused as a signal fire station to protect its area from the invasion of Japanese Pirates[倭寇] from late Goryeo Dynasty to early Joseon Dynasty.


Circuit arrangement for operating point stabilization of a first transistor having an emitter, base and collector, the emitter of which is connected to a first supply potential, with DOLLAR A a second transistor having emitter, base and collector, the collector connected to the base of the first transistor and its emitter connected to the collector of DOLLAR a a first resistor connected between a second supply potential on the one hand and the collector of the first transistor and the emitter of the second transistor on the other hand, DOLLAR a is coupled to the first transistor, a current limiting element connected between the base of the second transistor and the first supply potential is DOLLAR a a third transistor having an emitter, base and collector, the emitter of which is connected to the second supply potential and its collector to the base of the second transistor, DOLLAR a a second resistor between the reference potential and the base the third transistor is connected, and DOLLAR A a third resistor connected between the base and collector of the third transistor.


For alkali-metal ion-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolites (MZSM-5; M: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) the analysis of ion-exchangeable sites was performed by means of a combined method based on IR spectroscopic and calorimetric measurements using CO as the probe molecule. The heat of adsorption of CO was found to be correlated with an IR frequency of stretching vibration of C-O in the adsorbed species. It was revealed that there exists at least two types of sites capable of ion-exchanging; for the lithium ion-exchanged ZSM-5 (LiZSM-5) CO adsorption on each type of site is evaluated to give a set of IR bands and heats of adsorption, 2195 cm(-1) and 49 kJ mol(-1), 2185 cm(-1) and 39 kJ mol(-1) with the aid of the newly developed method utilizing the data obtained from a combined microcalorimetric and IR-spectroscopic study. Such types of data were also obtained for Na- and K-ion-exchanged ZSM-5 samples. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the differential heat of adsorption (q(diff)) evaluated and the shift of wavenumber of the C-O stretching vibration from that of a gaseous CO molecule (Deltanu) was established for the systems of MZSM-5-CO, and the bonding nature of the CO molecule with each site can be explained in terms of the electrostatic force. The model of each adsorption site was also examined by the quantum calculation method (density functional theory: DFT). The trends obtained from the experimental data may be substantially supported by the calculation method even adopting a model as simple as the ZSM-5-type zeolite: the composition of MAlSi(4)O(4)H(12).


The construction industry is large and diverse, with lot of companies and professional bodies. This makes it thought-provoking to develop a common vision and priorities. Activities in the industry are always term as project and these projects must be procured and managed thus making the concept of procurement and project management inevitable in the construction industry. This paper will begin by briefly introducing the reader to the construction industry and try to find and give appropriate definition for the industry. This paper identifies and explain the relevant area of professional practice such as construction project and procurement management in the context of the construction industry to a reader who is unfamiliar with it. The paper further investigate the rationale and importance of research in construction projects and the construction industry in Cameroon and Africa. To help focus efforts around research and innovation, this draft strategy have come out as a result of literature review and process of personal reflection with appropriate references and effective use of relevant theories to corroborating evidence that articulate a convincing rationale in research in the field on Construction with particular emphasis in Cameroon and Africa. The construction type referred to in this paper deals with all types of projects in the building and civil engineering industries or the public sector as generally called in some countries.


The media narratives of Indigenous people in Canada have traditionally been based in the colonial policies of late nineteenth-century Canada, showing racist attitudes and echoing the assimilation policy of the federal government. Recent media narratives are less obvious in their racist portrayals, but long-held attitudes are still demonstrated in media framing and agendasetting. This thesis uses narrative inquiry, archival research and interviews with professionals concerned with this issue to trace the roots of today's media narrative, assesses the factors that affect the current narrative, and assesses where we are on the path to an ethical space of engagement (Ermine, 2007). It concludes that the media narrative has changed significantly due to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, but real change is most likely to come when Indigenous people find a way to influence the news agenda and set their own media frames in a peaceful and non-threatening manner.


Active vibration attenuation is a new technique developing on ship vibration control. A new force-adjustable mechanical actuator has been devised and applied to active ship vibration attenuation. The basic principle and structure of this mechanical actuator are introduced. Then two kinds of algorithms,a phase adjusting analytic algorithm and dynamic compensating self-optimizing algorithm are proposed to calculate the optimal phase and eccentric distance of the mechanical actuator. The results of active ships vibration attenuation simulation tests using the two algorithms to control mechanical actuator proved they were feasible and practical. There was a well controlled effect for the mechanical actuator to reduce ship vibration.


In this paper,the causes for the "black-spermatophore" disease in Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated and the prevention and treatment meathods were figured out.The results showed that the "black-spermatophore" disease is caused by the bacteria infection when the male broodstock is cultured in the dirty sediment for a long time.The "black-spermatophore" disease can be prevented or got rid of and new spermatophores can be reformed by keeping the bottom clean,squeezing out black spermatophore,feeding high-quality food,and keeping water temperature below 30℃.The combination of chlorine dioxide and norfloxacin can be used to efficiently restore the function of spermatophores and prevent the "black-spermatophore" disease.


As data mining is becoming more and more popular in modern society productive activities,it has been paid much attention both at the domain of computer science and other fields.And in this article,I will discuss a new sphere of machine learning and data mining,which is named semi-supervised learning.First,I am going to have a brief introduction to semi-supervised learning and something related to it.And then,I plan to realize a semi-supervised learning algorithm.However,since I have only a little knowledge about it and for the sake of making this article understandable for people who know a bit concerning data-mining,I decide to simplify the algorithm,that is,I am intend to ignore some operation and parameters,just to display some process.


Introduction: Recently, it has been discovered that B cells display several adaptations in terms of maturation and function during pregnancy. Several factors might account for this, including the action of cytokines like IL-21 and cell-cell interactions from Follicular T helper Cells (TfH). Although the TfH-IL-21-B-Cells pathway has been previously studied in autoimmune diseases, its role in influencing pregnancy outcome has so far not been examined. Our aim is to deeply characterize the role of TfH-cells in normal and altered pregnancies. Materials: We used an established mouse model for pregnancy disturbances. CBA/J females were either paired with DBA/2J males, to obtain immune-induced pathological pregnancies, or with BALB/c males, generating normal pregnancies. Non-pregnant mice were used as controls. Methods: Mice were sacrificed and lymphocytes were isolated from the spleen at day 14 of pregnancy and analyzed by flow cytometry. B cell function was assessed after stimulation with IL-21. Supernatants were frozen for ELISA experiments. Spleen sections were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Results: Our experiments revealed that the number of TfH decreases in normal pregnancies. In concordance to this, the expression of the IL-21 receptors on B cells was decreased in normal pregnancies compared to disturbed pregnancies. IL-21 addition showed a dual effect on B cell activation and apoptosis which was stimulation-dependent. Conclusion: Our data suggests that TfH and IL-21 may be relevant factors shaping the B cell responses that allow a healthy pregnancy.


The paper reports results from an explorative research on the socio-economic opportunity that the presence of pilgrims and tourists along the Tuscan section of the Via Francigena can be for local communities. The aim is to deepen the actual and future opportunities that gastronomy represent for the development of tourism around the Via Francigena , with a special attention to destinations out of the beaten tracks. The research has been carried out merging different sources of information, including scientific literature, news, media, direct observation and personal experience, and performing a dozen of face-to-face interviews to key-informants, selected within socioeconomic actors involved in developing tourism around the course of the Via Francigena in Tuscany. The interviews have been carried out during the last six months, involving farmers, wine producers, restaurant owners, tourism and rural tourism entrepreneurs and local administrative offices. Local communities have already understood the strategic importance to sustain their socioeconomic activities with the development of pilgrimage and tourism along the Via Francigena . The rich variety of local gastronomy can satisfy both frugal needs of pilgrims and those of visitors more interested in gourmandizing. Food and gastronomy could be a strong leverage to increase tourist presences out of the beaten tracks.


The problem and the solution . Lesbian and gay (LG) employees experience work—life challenges due to exclusionary language and social norms that ignore the existence of their families; denial of medical, retirement, and leave benefits; and sexual orientation discrimination that can raise legitimate fears about job loss and family survival.A supportive and inclusive work culture is needed for employers to build loyalty, increase retention, and enable employees to perform at their peak.This article examines work—life benefits at 10 public universities.Work—life benefits are often taken for granted by the vast majority of employees within an organization because the inequitable application of these benefits across all kinds of employees remains invisible.Thus,work—life benefits inequitably applied have the potential to significantly damage the performance, psyche, financial status, and well-being of LG employees and their families. Recommendations for changes in organizational practices, policies, and language are provided.


Switching operations and direct current applied during routine testing procedures of static winding resistance measurement leave residual magnetization in the core and/or fully saturate the core of the transformer.


The characteristic absorption peaks of methylene,methyl and aromatic hydrocarbon were measured with FT-IR spectrometer,and the quantitative determination of petroleum in water was carried out by the absorption values at the characteristic peaks.For determination of low components of petroleum in water samples,the aluminum sulfate flocculation was performed to preconcentrate the petroleum.The recovery is in the range of 86.1%—91.1%.


Modern accountant, even in the presence of counsel, forced to orient themselves in the civil law, as in accounting, ultimately, affect business operations, registration of contracts. From the economic conditions of the contract depends on the subsequent accounting and tax accounting, and to put it more succinctly, the business contract the first principle of all business activities


The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious zoonosis produced by SARS-CoV-2, it is spread from human to human via respiratory secretions. It is a public health emergency that has strained health systems around the world and could also have negative implications for the fight against antimicrobial resistance. As we well know, during the first months of the pandemic, empirical therapies with antibiotics were conducted, especially in hospitals, for patients suffering from coronavirus infection, this is a fact that has opened a great debate, especially for the risks of antibiotics resistance. From the medical records analyzed, today it appears that over 90% of patients with Covid-19 receive empiric antibiotic therapy, this because, in these months of emergency, attention to this phenomenon was not a priority. Among the negative effects of the pandemic on the fight against hospital infections we must also consider the overload of the diagnostic laboratories, which has made the work on the surveillance of pathogens harder.


The purpose of this study is to develop technology for the production of a new building composite made of silicon-containing rocks. An aggregate is foamed granules obtained on the basis of diatomite with the addition of caustic soda, dolomite, water and liquid glass. The material composition, materials processing, physical and mechanical properties have been observed. The problem of alkali-silicate interaction typical for traditional Portland cement and glass phase is solved through the use of magnesia binder. Samples on Portland cement and magnesia binder were obtained, the aggregate content was varied. Some aggregate fractions were used to obtain high packing density in the composite. Concrete was estimated according to density, compressive strength and tensile strength, water absorption and thermal conductivity. Analysis of the material structure was made. The results of the study of the microstructure of synthesized concrete indicate the presence of a cement matrix in which granules of various sizes are tightly packed. The results of X-ray phase analysis of synthesized concrete indicates that the cement matrix consists of forsterite crystals. Approximate savings in the use of concrete with the developed aggregate is about 10-20%. Such savings are possible due to the fact the surface occurrence of siliceous rocks allows them to be mined in an open way with minimal costs compared to other rocks, with a lower calcination temperature during material creation.


SARS-CoV-2, a severe acute respiratory syndrome that is related to COVID-19, is a novel type of influenza virus that has infected the entire international community. It has created severe health and safety concerns all over the globe. Identifying the outbreak in the initial phase may aid successful recovery. The rapid and exact identification of COVID-19 limits the risk of spreading this fatal disease. Patients with COVID-19 have distinctive radiographic characteristics on chest X-rays and CT scans. CXR images can be used for people with COVID-19 to diagnose their disease early. This research was focused on the deep feature extraction, accurate detection, and prediction of COVID-19 from X-ray images. The proposed concatenated CNN model is based on deep learning models (Xception and ResNet101) for CXR images. For the extraction of features, CNN models (Xception and ResNet101) were utilized, and then these features were combined using a concatenated model technique. In the proposed scheme, the particle swarm optimization method is applied to the concatenated features that provide optimal features from an overall feature vector. The selection of these optimal features helps to decrease the classification period. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, experiments were conducted with CXR images. Datasets of CXR images were collected from three different sources. The results demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed scheme for detecting COVID-19 with average accuracies of 99.77%, 99.72%, and 99.73% for datasets 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Moreover, the proposed model also achieved average COVID-19 sensitivities of 96.6%, 97.18%, and 98.88% for datasets 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The maximum overall accuracy of all classes—normal, pneumonia, and COVID-19—was about 98.02%.


We review 6 years of INTEGRAL observations of blazars, from Target-Of-Opportunity (TOO) to normal observations to coordinated campaigns, from the new and unexpected discoveries to the improvements in this research field. We also shortly review what is expected from INTEGRAL for the forthcoming years.


The problem of matrix factorization motivated by diffraction or elasticity is studied. A powerful tool for analyzing its solutions is introduced, namely analytical continuation formulae are derived. Necessary condition for commutative factorization is found for a class of "balanced" matrices. Together with Moiseyev's method and Hurd's idea, this gives a description of the class of commutatively solvable matrices. As a result, a simple analytical procedure is described, providing an answer, whether a given matrix is commutatively factorizable or not.


Coated functionally graded materials (FGMs) are used in several industrial structures such as turbine blades, cutting tools, and aircraft engines. Given the need for analytical and numerical analysis of these complex structures, a mathematical model of tricoated FG structures is presented for the first time in this paper. The objective of this work was to analyze analytically the buckling problem of unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (3D) coated FG spherical nanoshells resting on an orthotropic elastic foundation subjected to biaxial loads. Based on the generalized field of displacement, a 2D higher-order shear deformation theory was proposed by reducing the number of displacement variables from five to four variables for specific geometry cases. The nonlocal strain gradient theory was employed to capture the size-dependent and microstructure effects. The equilibrium equations were performed by applying the principle of the virtual work, and the obtained differential equations were solved by applying the Galerkin technique to cover all possible boundary conditions. The proposed elastic foundation was defined based on three parameters: one spring constant and two shear parameters referring to the orthotropy directions. A detailed parametric analysis was carried out to highlight the impact of various schemes of coated FGMs, gradient material distribution, length scale parameter (nonlocal), material scale parameter (gradient), geometry of the nanoshell, and variation in the orthotropic elastic foundation on the critical buckling loads.


In this chapter, sources from Tillich's student days (1904–9) are compared with Tillich's later autobiographical narratives. Tillich's father Johannes defended the conservative stance in church-political debates in Wilhelmine Prussia concerning the doctrinal orthodoxy of its pastors. Student Tillich's determination to defend confessional standards at the national Wingolf conference 1906 shows his commitment to the same cause. Yet privately, Tillich was struggling with doubt about historical revelation, brought on by historical criticism, but chiefly his philosophical studies. Despite Tillich's later insistence that Martin Kähler (1835–1912) taught him the centrality of justification, there was no grace in Tillich's uncompromising stance as Wingolf leader, of which Kähler may have been quite critical. Furthermore, Tillich's Monismusschrift (1908), influenced by his study of Fichte and others under Fritz Medicus (1876–1956), offers criticism of Kähler's anti-metaphysical stance. Justification is merely a subordinated locus of his attempt to express Christianity in terms of idealist philosophy.


An analysis of variability in the winter mass balance (WMB) of 22 glaciers in the Northern Hemisphere indicates two primary modes of variability that explain 46% of the variability among all glaciers. The first mode of variability characterizes WMB variability in Northern and Central Europe and the second mode primarily represents WMB variability in northwestern North America, but also is related to variability in WMB of one glacier in Europe and one in Central Asia. These two modes of WMB variability are explained by variations in mesoscale atmospheric circulation which are driving forces of variations in surface temperature and precipitation. The first mode is highly correlated with the Arctic Oscillation Index, whereas the second mode is highly correlated with the Southern Oscillation Index. In addition, the second mode of WMB variability is highly correlated with variability in global winter temperatures. This result suggests some connection between global temperature trends and WMB for some glaciers.


The invention discloses an intelligent portable multifunctional mobile power supply charger. An AC (alternating current) commercial power plug is integrated in the charger, and can be directly inserted into the AC commercial power socket to charge the charger, so that an extra power supply adapter and a power cord required when an existing mobile power supply is charged can be saved, and output signals of a DC (direct current) regulating circuit, a DC detection circuit, a current detection circuit and other circuits can be accepted through an internal microprocessor, the working state of the charger can be controlled in an intelligent manner, so that the charger can be used for charging different electronic devices by directly utilizing the AC commercial power plug to play a role of a mobile power supply, and also can be used as a charger for directly charging different electronic devices by utilizing the AC commercial power socket to play a role of a conventional charger. The charger is simple is structure, small and light, and low in cost, and integrates multiple functions into a whole, so that the problem of carrying multiple power supply adapters, chargers, power cords and other objects in a business trip can be solved.


For biological realism, models of learning in neuronal networks often assume that synaptic plasticity solely depends on locally available signals, in particular on only the activity of the preand post-synaptic cells. As a consequence, synapses influence the plasticity of other synapses exclusively via the post-synaptic activity. Inspired by recent research on the properties of apical dendrites it has been suggested, that a second integration site in the apical dendrite may mediate specific global information. Here we explore this issue considering the example of learning invariant responses by examining a network of spiking neurones with two sites of synaptic integration. We demonstrate that results obtained in networks of units with continuous outputs transfer to the more realistic neuronal model. This allows a number of more specific experimental predictions, and is a necessary step to unified description of learning rules exploiting timing of action potentials. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. Published by Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS