Litter management is important when rearing meat chickens because litter conditions can affect production as well as chicken health and wellbeing. An industry survey was conducted to gather information from Australian meat chicken growers and integrators about their litter management practices, providing an opportunity to share their knowledge, experiences and perceptions about litter re-use and litter turning. This information was essential for researchers investigating litter management practices because it provided a better understanding about litter preparation and shed con fi guration to ensure that representative and timely data could be collected. Eighty-four survey responses were received from all major growing regions across Australia. The survey closely re fl ected the proportions of conventional and free-range production systems of Australian chicken meat industry, with approximately 21% of survey responses representing free range and 80% representing conventional barn housing. Concerning litter management practices, the survey showed that litter re-use is limited (32% of responses), but litter turning is a widespread practice (89% of responses). Litter turning is used to reduce the occurrence of caked litter and to keep litter ' working ' . Maintaining ' dry and friable ' litter has been shown to reduce the risk of health issues and allows chickens to display behaviours, such as dustbathing, which are believed to be associated with improved welfare. Comments from the survey indicated that litter turning alone does not achieve dry and friable litter, and that proactive ventilation, heater and drinker management are essential. Growers also explained that litter turning is not without its challenges, and can potentially contribute to spikes of dust, ammonia and/or odour. They also expressed concerns relating to operating machinery in poultry houses, particularly when there is high liveweight density. When growers were asked about litter re-use, several reported that it has bene fi ts in reducing production costs and improving moisture holding capacity, but concerns were also expressed about risks relating to ammonia, litter beetle control and disease transmission. Researchers will be able to use these survey results to gain an insight into practices, perceptions, constraints, and challenges relating to the Australian chicken meat industry and ensure that future research relating to litter management re fl ects local conditions and practices.


Objective To investigate an outbreak of cholera in May of 2012 in Hunan Province to find the suspected foods,the pathogenic agent,and defects in food handling,and recommend prevention measures.Methods We defined a case as any attendee to the village dinner party with diarrhea(≥3 times/ 24h) or positive cholera culture after the first meal from April 29 th to 30 th.In a case-control study,we compared exposures to each dish between 15 case-guests and 40 asymptomatic control-guests.We collected the suspected leftover foods and tested them for cholera.Results The attack rate was 2.8 %( 10/362),and positive rate of cholera O139 was 2.8 %( 7/248).All of these attacked and infected cases attended the dinner party on April 29 th.The relative risks of participants were not higher than those of nonparticipants among the other five feasts.Thus we regarded the dinner on April 29 th as the suspected meal,93%(14/15) case-guests and 63%(25/40) control-guests had taken the first dish(OR =8.4,95% CI: 1.03-378.42).The leftover foods had been heated repeatedly when we took samples for culture.All suspected leftover foods cultures were negative.On the basis of cholera agent surveillance result,we regard the soft-shelled turtles which was the only one seafood dish provided during the dinner as the suspected source of cholera.The deep-fried boiled eggs in the first dish were laid in the container which stored the raw pieces of soft-shelled turtles before.Conclusions The deep-fried boiled eggs in the first dish contaminated by the raw pieces of soft-shelled turtles was probably responsible for this outbreak of cholera.We recommend enhancing cholera agent surveillance and taking supervision on large-scale dinner parties in this county.


List of contributors Foreword Preface Part I. Setting The Scene: 1. Motor development in children at risk: two decades of research in experimental clinical psychology A. F. Kalverboer 2. Longitudinal studies in motor development: developmental neurological considerations B. C. L. Touwen Part II. Biological Basis of Motor Development: 3. Principles of early motor development in the human H. F. R. Prechtl Natural priorities for developmental study: neuroembryological perspectives of motor development R. R. Provine 5. The 'fixed action pattern' concept revisited: an ethological commentary on the chapters by Prechtl and Provine G. P. Baerends and T. G. G. Groothuis Part III. Development of Body Posture and Goal Directed Reaching: 6. Early postnatal development of posture control: normal and abnormal aspects M. H. Wollacott 7. Studying the development of goal-directed behaviour C. von Hofsten 8. Development of motor functions: a 'developmental neurological' approach P. Casaer Part IV. Motor Development, Early Communication and Cognition: 9. Early interactional signalling: the role of facial movements H. Papousek and M. Papousek 10. Motor development: communication and cognition G. Butterworth and F. Franco 11. On faces and hands and the development of communication B. Hopkins Part V. Acquisition Of Skills: 12. Individual patterns of tool use by infants K. Connolly and M. Dalgleshi 13. Tool use, hand cooperation and the development of object manipulation in human and non-human primates J. Vauclair 14. Handwriting: a developmental perspective G. P. Van Galen 15. Development of children's writing performance: some educational implications N. Sovik Part IV. Motor Development and Handicap: 16. Early motor development in term and preterm children R. H. Largo, S. Kundu and L. Thun-Hohenstein 17. Relationship between perinatal risk factors and motor development at the ages of 5 and 9 years K. Michelsson and E. Lindahl 18. Motor development and minor handicap S. E. Henderson 19. Longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches in experimental studies in motor development R. H. Geuze Part VII. Methodological and Conceptual Considerations: 20. The longitudinal study of motor development: methodological issues W. Schneider 21. Theoretical issues in the longitudinal study of motor development B. Hopkins, P. J. Beek and A. F. Kalverboer Epilogue: description versus explanation B. Hopkins, A. F. Kalverboer and R. H. Geuze Index.


The topological nature of topological insulators are related to the symmetries present in the material, for example, quantum spin Hall effect can be observed in topological insulators with time reversal symmetry, while broken time reversal symmetry may give rise to the presence of anomalous quantum Hall effect (AHE). Here we consider the effects of broken rotational symmetry on the Dirac cone of an AHE material by adding trigonal warping terms to the Dirac Hamiltonian. We calculate the linear optical conductivity semi-analytically to show how by breaking the rotational symmetry we can obtain a topologically distinct phase. The addition of trigonal warping terms causes the emergence of additional Dirac cones, which when combined has a total Chern number of $\mp 1$ instead of $\pm 1/2$. This results in drastic changes in the anomalous Hall and longitudinal conductivity. The trigonal warping terms also activates the higher order Hall responses which does not exist in a $\mathcal{R}$ symmetric conventional Dirac material. We found the presence of a non-zero second order Hall current even in the absence of Berry curvature dipole. This shift current is also unaffected by the chirality of the Dirac cone, which should lead to a non-zero Hall current in time reversal symmetric systems.


Abstract The correction on the 2D KdV equation derived by Djordjevic and Redekopp is presented. A lapsus calami in the 2D KdV equation is removed by means of the conservation principle of the energy flux in a wave ray tube. The results show that the coefficient of the third term in the inhomogeneous term of 2D KdV equation in the paper of Djordjevic and Redekopp is 2, instead of 3.


Abstract : Specimens of electron beam zone-refined Nb were subjected to tensile tests in the temperature range from 373 to 4.2 K. Both polycrystalline and single crystalline specimens were tested. Specimens were either deformed to fracture or the temperature was changed during deformation to measure the reversible flow stress. The quantity of impurities remaining in the zone-refined material was ascertained by chemical analyses and the results were checked by resistivity measurements. A significant amount of zone-refining took place even at the relatively high rates of zone travel used (2mm/min.). Twinning was observed in all specimens tested t 4.2 K. No discontinuous yield points were observed in these tests indicating that this phenomenon is dependent upon impurity content. An increased impurity level resulted in a lowering of the yield and flow stresses without an appreciable change in the temperature dependence. This indicates that a lattice frictional stress is the possible mechanism responsible for the temperature dependence of the yield and flow stresses. (Author)


The article analyzes a situation in the Patagonian city of Comodoro Rivadavia in which strongly stigmatized workers have higher income levels than those stigmatizing them, resulting in a mismatch between symbolic hierarchies and socioeconomic class. Based on a shared interest in social inequalities and the ways in which these are culturally legitimized, the research pursued by the two authors - one an anthropologist from Buenos Aires and the other an anthropologist from the region in question - shows how an exceptional case like Comodoro can shed new light on the traits of supposedly 'normal' cases where hierarchies of prestige are more or less match income levels. Furthermore the study reveals that cases in which this correlation is not the rule are actually more common than currently registered in the literature. Finaly the work enables us to reach a sociological conclusion with policy implications: economic redistribution is a necessary but insufficient condition for a multidimensional reduction of inequality.


approved : Redacted for Privacy Dr. Donald J. Armstrong A!" 1. The ability of N,N'-diphenylurea (DPU) to substitute for cytokininactive adenine derivatives in promoting callus growth of Phaseolus lunatus and Nicotiana tabacum has been examined. In general, DPU stimulated callus growth of P. lunatus at high concentrations and the growth of most callus tissues was irregular, while the response of tobacco callus tissue to DPU was more uniform. Genotypic variations in sensitivity and uniformity of callus growth in response to DPU were found among different genotypes of P. lunatus. Tissues cultured on DPU-containing medium for one passage acquired the ability to proliferate in subsequent passages in the absence of either DPU or cytokinin-active adenine derivatives. Corresponding P. lunatus callus tissues maintained on optimal concentration of kinetin and tobacco callus tissue grown on DPU-containing medium remained cytokinin-dependent. However, P. lunatus callus tissues grown on media containing suboptimal or supraoptimal concentrations of kinetin also exhibited cytokinin-autonomous growth when transferred to cytokinin-


Objective To investigate the milk contamination caused by antibiotic residual and staphyloccocus aureus Rosenbach in Guangzhou.Method During 2006 to 2009,302 milk samples from ten districts and two counties of Guangzhou were collected.Antibiotic residual,staphyloccocus aureus rosenbach and staphylococal enterotoxin were detected.Staphylococcus aureus rosenbach was detected by national GB method.Antibiotic residual and staphylococcal enterotoxins were detected by kits.Results Among 302 samples,62 were antibiotic residual positive,the positive rate was 20.53%,the milk powder was the highest(29.51%),and followed by pure milk(22.67%).The positive rate of antibiotic residual has been increasing year by year.staphyloccocus aureus rosenbach and staphylococcal enterotoxin were not detected from the 42 randomly selected milk samples.In ten milk products,seven were detected staphylococcus aureus and five of them staphylococcal enterotoxin were positive.Conclusions High antibiotic residual risk in the milk products and the contamination of fresh milk were antibiotic residual,staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxin in Guangzhou,the data showed that milk source exit contamination.Supervisory board should further regulate the supply of fresh milk;strengthen the control and surveillance of antibiotic residual in milk products,in order to maintain the good health of the general public.


In this study, we investigate several methods for enhancing scanned mokkan images to aid archeologists and historians in the interpretation of mokkans. Mokkans are wooden tablets with handwritten characters used in 8th century Japan. Due to damages and natural deterioration, the interpretation of the text on mokkans is difficult even for archeologists and historians. The automatic interpretation of mokkan text is unrealistic due to drastic deterioration. Our aim is to realize an image processing software system for archeologists, specific to the processing of mokkans. This paper evaluates noise reduction and contrast enhancement techniques for inclusion in the system. Several operations such as thresholding and Gaussian blurring are shown to be effective, when used in conjunction with contrast enhancement in the HSV space. We also identified several techniques that allow convenient selection of character strokes in of mokkan images. The selection can then be used as input for character recognition.


We prove that the hierarchy of higher antibrackets (aka higher Koszul brackets, aka Koszul braces) of a linear operator on a commutative superalgebra can be defined by some universal formulas involving iterated Nijenhuis{Richardson brackets having as ar- guments and the multiplication operators. As a byproduct, we can immediately extend higher antibrackets to noncommutative algebras in a way preserving the validity of genera- lized Jacobi identities.


The behavior of bowhead whales summering in the eastern (Canadian) Beaufort Sea, and their reactions to industrial activities, were studied during five summers in the report. The objective was to provide data needed to assess the possible effects of offshore oil exploration and development in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea on this endangered species.


180.101 Specific tolerances; general provisions. 180.103 Captan; tolerances for residues. 180.106 Diuron; tolerances for residues. 180.108 Acephate; tolerances for residues. 180.110 Maneb; tolerances for residues. 180.111 Malathion; tolerances for residues. 180.113 Allethrin (allyl homolog of cinerin I); tolerances for residues. 180.114 Ferbam; tolerances for residues. 180.116 Ziram; tolerances for residues. 180.117 S-Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate; tolerances for residues. 180.120 Methoxychlor; tolerances for residues. 180.121 Parathion or its methyl homolog; tolerances for residues. 180.122 Parathion; tolerances for residues. 180.123 Inorganic bromide residues resulting from fumigation with methyl bromide; tolerances for residues. 180.123a Inorganic bromide residues in peanut hay and peanut hulls; statement of policy. 180.127 Piperonyl butoxide; tolerances for residues. 180.128 Pyrethrins; tolerances for residues. 180.129 tolerances for residues. 180.130 Hydrogen Cyanide; tolerances for residues. 180.132 Thiram; tolerances for residues. 180.133 Lindane; tolerances for residues. 180.136 Basic copper carbonate; tolerance for residues. 180.142 2,4-D; tolerances for residues. 180.143 Dipropyl isocinchomeronate; tolerances for residues. 180.144 Cyhexatin; tolerances for residues. 180.145 Fluorine compounds; tolerances for residues. 180.149 Mineral oil; tolerances for residues. 180.151 Ethylene oxide; tolerances for residues. 180.152 Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate; tolerance for residues. 180.153 Diazinon; tolerances for residues. 180.154 O,O-Dimethyl S-[(4-oxo-1,2,3benzotriazin-3(4H)yl)methyl]phosphorodithioate; tolerances for residues. 180.155 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid; tolerances for residues. 180.157 Methyl 3-[(dimethoxyphosphinyl) oxy]butenoate, alpha and beta isomers; tolerances for residues. 180.163 1,1-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2trichloroethanol; tolerances for residues.


An infant with multiple eye and central nervous system (CNS) deformities was born to a 19-year-old mother who smoked marihuana and took multiple drugs, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), throughout pregnancy. The baby made no developmental progress and required gavage feedings throughout life. A ventriculojugular shunt was inserted when the infant was 4 months of age because of progressive hydrocephalus, and the infant died at 13 months of age. Multiple malformations of the cerebrum and cerebellum and aqueductal stenosis were found at autopsy. Ocular abnormalities similar to those induced in mice following LSD administration were present.


With the development and popularization of computer network in science and education, the traditional way of examination with examination papers, answering mode and score management is undergoing tremendous changes. There are three modules (named administrator, teachers and students) in the students online examination system based on B/S architecture. Functions such as system management, teacher user management, examination paper bank management and issue announcement are belong to the administrator module. The function of the teacher module includes teacher information maintenance, student account management, exam management module, examination paper management, examination paper analysis, result statistics and so on. And the function of the student module includes student information maintenance, online test, score query and other functions.


Though there are a multiplicity of approaches that have been used to promote Nature of Science (NOS) among school students, an approach based on exploration of a scientific discovery indigenous to the sample population, of contemporary interest, and based on a topic outside the school science syllabus seems to be lacking in the literature. This study focused on Chinese high school students (N = 98), using the discovery of an anti-malarial drug by a recent Nobel Prize winning Chinese scientist as a focus. A popular science article on this discovery formed the basis for the intervention, and a mainly qualitative approach was used. Variants of an explicit-reflective approach were used for the three groups formed by random sampling for the intervention. The four NOS attributes targeted were: socio-cultural, empirical nature, scientific method, and creativity/imagination, and these were explicitly interrogated through four open-ended questions, respectively. Responses to these questions were parked into five rating levels, which helped to explicate the extent to which the samples were able to provide descriptors to characterize their understandings. The approach based on reading of the article followed by student discussions and mediation by the instructor showed, overall, more gains in NOS as compared to just (1) reading/re-reading of the article and reflecting on it, and (2) reading of the article followed by small sub-group discussions and reflecting on it. It is suggested that there is a case for using indigenous scientific discovery as an approach to foster interest in NOS among students. Some implications of the study are discussed.


In this research, a series of innovative and stable cross-linked gel polymer reinforced membranes (GPRMs), were successfully prepared and investigated for application in lithium-ion batteries. Herein, a gel directly within the commercial polyethylene (PE) separator is supported via electron-beam simultaneous irradiation cross-linking of commercial liquid electrolyte and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) oligomers. The physical and electrochemical properties of the GPRMs were characterized by SEM, TEM, mechanical durability, heating shrinkage, and ion conductivity, etc. The GPRMs demonstrated excellent mechanical durability and high ion conductivity compared with traditional PE membranes. Moreover, coin-typed cells were assembled and cycle performance was also studied compared with same-typed cells with commercial PE membrane and liquid electrolyte. As a result, the coin-typed cells using GPRMs also showed a relatively good efficiency on the 50th cycles at a high 1.0 C-rate. These GPRMs with excellent properties present a very promising material for utilization in high-performance lithium-ion batteries with improved safety and reliability.


Computational morphology would be an almost trivial exercise if every language were like English. Here, chopp-ing off the occasion-al affix-es, of which there are not too many, is sufficient to isolate the stem, perhaps modulo a few (morpho)graphemic rules to handle phenomena like the consonant doubling we just saw in chopping. This relative ease with which one can identify the core meaning component of a word explains the success of rather simple stemming algorithms for English or the way in which most part-of-speech (POS) taggers get away with just examining bounded initial and final substrings of unknown words for guessing their parts of speech. In contrast, this book outlines a computational approach to morphology that explicitly includes languages from the Semitic family, in particular Arabic and Syriac, where the linearity hypothesis—every word can be built via string concatenation of its component morphemes—seems to break down (we will take up the validity of that assumption below). Example 1 illustrates the problem at hand with Syriac verb forms of the root {q1t.2l3} 'notion of killing' (from Kiraz [1996]).


Objective To study the association between waist circumference to height ratio(WHtR)and childhood blood pressure and also evaluate the predictive value of WHtR to childhood hypertension.Methods The 3 550 school students aged 8 to 12 years old in Guiyang city were sampled and surveyed for height,waist circumference(WC),hip circumference,and blood pressure.The association of WHtR and blood pressure was studied.All data were processed statistically.Results 1.The distribution characteristics of WHtR were significantly different in both sexes and different age groups.WHtR in hypertension group was significantly higher than that in normotensive group(P0.05).Partial correlation analysis showed that after age and sex were adjusted WHtR were correlated positively with both systolic pressum(SBP)and diastolic pressure(DBP)(r=0.192 9,0.087 8 Pa0.01).2.WHtR was correlated positively with WC(r=0.934 7 P0.01).The correlativity of WHtR to stature was lower than that of WC significantly(r=0.049 4 vs r=0.395 0 P0.05,0.01).Conclusion WHtR is significantly correlated with WC,which is less affected by stature.Therefore,it can be used as an effective predictor for the risks of hypertension in children.


Undergraduates'environmental quality is the most important contents of quality education.Fostering undergraduates'ability is one of the subjects in the research of quality education.Transference is an important way to foster undergraduates'ability,the application of learning transformation in the teaching not only helps students enhance environmental consciousness but also strengthen and foster students environmental protection activities and boost up consciousness for saving natural resources,promote the capacity of students comprehensive quality.


Brianna Theobald explores Native-American women's reproductive experiences and their fight to address the health challenges they confronted during the long twentieth century. Native women fought ag...


ABSTRACT This paper explores the role of the nineteenth-century sinologist-cum-diplomat, John Francis Davis, in Sino-British relations after the ratification of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1843. It examines his time as governor of Hong Kong and as Britain's effective minister to China from 1844 until 1848, in which he attempted to have the city of Canton opened to foreign trade. Arguing that Davis's view of Sino-British relations was as cultural in character as it was political, this paper suggests that Davis fundamentally sought to establish strict equality between the two empires. He attempted to use his knowledge of Chinese civilization to build an equal international relationship between two sovereign nations rather than an imperial relationship between a conqueror and the conquered people. While this conviction laid the groundwork for Hong Kong to become a bilingual Anglo-Chinese colony, it fractured diplomacy with Qing officials. Davis's insistence on political equality would amount to an aggressive imposition of European diplomatic norms on his dealings with the Qing representative Qiying. More precisely, the paper explains how the policies of this archetypal British 'China Hand' bifurcated in the directions of both progressive cultural policy but also gunboat diplomacy.


Digital Ethnography evolved in the early 21 st century as a qualitative interpretive method of ethnographic research (fieldwork) in an online space (the Internet). Also known as Digital Anthropology, Virtual/Cyber Ethnography, or Netnography, Digital Ethnography adapts the traditional, in-person ethnographic research techniques of anthropology to the study of online cultures and communities formed through computer-mediated communications. Digital Ethnographers study group culture on the World Wide Web, immersing themselves in the online communities of practice they are researching. Communities of all types exist in digitized interconnected spaces where virtual experiences take place. Although all ethnographers share a traditional anthropological past, Digital Ethnographers are engaged in a mobile, multi-sited, or "un - sited" form of research that crosses spatial and temporal boundaries online. Fieldwork is performed in virtual worlds, websites, and networked systems, as each portal is operationalized as an invitation to view and analyze a community of practice and system of meanings, consisting of online subject matter and discourse. Through Digital Ethnography we can study and analyze a plethora of online social-cultural groups, such as classrooms, organizations, meetings, newscasts, political events, videos, social media interactions, blogs, projects, gaming, marketing, sales, and advertising, etc. in synchronous and asynchronous settings. Traditional online research methods of surveys, polls, and co ntent analyses glean important information regarding the "who, what, where, and when" questions. However, Digital Ethnography presents a lens to dig deeper for more elusive information regarding the "how and why" our online behaviors influence our opinions , habits, patterns, and worldviews as we participate in virtual environments. Abstract Digitization will change many companies. It turns out that the pace of the development of the use of digitization, i.e. broadband infrastructure enabling access to high-speed Internet, projects that increase the pool of public services available electronically, or projects encouraging people to use the Internet and increase their digital competencies, in practice, arouse a lot of attention and worries. Traditionally, trust has been based on trust in family or friends, and in an extended form - e.g. in organizations or professional groups. Stakeholder choices are based on human ethical standards and elements such as family, culture, religion, and communities. Framing the use of digitization and managing risk may seem complicated, but the process is similar to creating controls, rules, and processes that already exist for humans. The risk of AI technology depends on how it's used. However, it should be noted that the condition is that the technology remains under human control. The aim of the study is to assess the attitude of stakeholders to digital trust depending on ethical standards and the degree of risk. Information and data were taken from the literature and the results of their own research. Only strict guidelines and a high level of ethical standards can change the attitude of stakeholders to build trust in digital change. Abstract Each of us is surrounded by artificial intelligence, using smart TVs, giving voice commands to our car, or using Siri on iPhone. This illustrates the significant impact of innovation on business, corporate organizational models, and our daily lives (Jarosz et al., 2020). The Fourth Revolution is associated with more and more advanced technological innovations (Wang et al., 2020). Future and current managers must be ready for the fact that a machine with artificial intelligence (AI) may appear on the board of their company, that the government can collect taxes using blockchain, or that an audit in their company can be carried out by artificial intelligence. (WEF, 2015). Revolution 4.0 means the disappearance of the barrier between humans and machines. All these changes will not go unnoticed when it comes to the organizational sphere of modern enterprises. In the literature, one can find trends to replace the concept of a learning organization with the concept of an intelligent organization (Lee et al., 2018 ; Galińska, 2019). Schoemaker and Tetlock (2017) indicate that two forces of influence shape what we now call the intelligent enterprise: Abstract Teaching undergraduate students' skills and tools needed for their future employment is one of the aims of the curriculum of Information Systems studies. The "Server-Side Programming" (SSP) course is an advanced course studied during the third academic year since 2018. The course aims to provide the theoretical and practical knowledge of building a server-side, Object-Oriented web project, incorporating Project-Based Learning (PBL). Some of the SSP courses included a commercial web framework based on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) model (Laravel, CodeIgniter). This study investigates whether a web framework should be incorporated into the SSP course. The remarks given by the lecturer to 63 projects delivered by students during six courses were analyzed. The SSP course lecturer was interviewed to gain insights into the students' difficulties. Results showed that students had difficulties implementing their projects using a web framework, although it assisted the OOP design as manifested by fewer errors. The subject of the research is the analysis and evaluation of solutions implemented in manufacturing companies to ensure their business continuity under conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Solutions involving automation and digitalization of processes and activities are analyzed in detail. The research shows that the digital transformation of activities implemented in enterprises and its use in the management area can increase the resilience of the production system to pandemic threats. These issues are particularly relevant to the conference theme. The research presents selected results of a survey carried out using the mix-mode CAWI/CATI on a representative group of 600 manufacturing enterprises in Poland. The survey was a part of the research project Models of the adaptation of work organization in enterprises to the limitations of public life (associated with a pandemic) in line with the demands of business effectiveness and efficiency . The study included the identification of the application scope of various measures implemented in manufacturing enterprises in the COVID-19 pandemic. The measures were classified into five groups: (1) Legal and regulatory measures, (2) Personal protective measures, (3) Protective measures for groups of workers, (4) Work organization measures, and (5) Measures of production organization. A quantitative analysis of the collected data was carried out, including the use of statistical tools. The study was performed in two cross-sections. The first cross-section covered the evaluation of the share of a given measure in the context of characteristic parameters describing enterprises or production processes. The second cross-section referred to the relative (in percentage) scope of application of chosen measures to the selected group of enterprises. An analysis of the use of measures in the event of COVID-19 infections in an enterprise has been also added. A particular emphasis was placed on measures based on automation and digitalization of activities from the domain of organization of production processes. The data analysis has shown the presence of significant correlations between the type of applied measures and the characteristics of enterprises and their production processes. The research was preceded by a literature survey showing the current state of knowledge in areas similar to the subject of the study. The conclusions of the research show which solutions supported by the digitalization and automation of production processes have been and can be used in various kinds of manufacturing enterprises. The possibilities of using these solutions to ensure the safety of production processes were also presented. The impact of the analyzed activities on ensuring the enterprise's business continuity was assessed under conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. In factual terms, the level of implementation of selected solutions from the area of digitalization and automation of production processes in Polish enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic was determined. On a practical level, the results of the study can be used to manage the implementation of necessary actions in enterprises in similar situations. This includes increasing the resilience of enterprises to pandemic disruptions as well as improving the efficiency of their operations. This may be of particular importance if similar events occur in the future. In the research aspect, the proposed methodology of systematization and analysis of the collected data can be used to study similar crisis events. Abstract The main aim of this article was to present the use of traditional and agile project management methodologies in companies in the communication and information technology (ICT) industry. The following methods were used to obtain research material and present the obtained results: literature studies, diagnostic survey (with the use of the questionnaire technique), descriptive, tabular and graphic. The main results of the study indicated that most of the representatives of the ICT industry participating in the survey are familiar with at least one agile project management methodology. Moreover, they consider agile methodologies to be better than traditional project management methodologies in terms of work quality and efficiency. According to the authors, there is a need to continue research on a larger research sample, with the use of the in-depth interview technique. Abstract One of the basic common understandings in the definition and function of intuition across different perspectives is relating intuit


Previously, the transfer of a phosphoryl group between the EnvZ and OmpR proteins, which are involved in expression of the ompF and ompC genes in response to the medium osmolarity, was demonstrated in vitro. In this study, the histidine (His) residue at position 243 of the EnvZ protein, and the aspartate (Asp) residues at positions 12 and 55 of the OmpR protein were changed, respectively, by means of site-directed mutagenesis. We characterized the mutant proteins in terms of not only their in vitro phosphotransfer reactions but also their in vivo osmoregulatory phenotypes. The mutant EnvZ protein was defective in its in vitro ability not only as to EnvZ-autophosphorylation but also OmpR-phosphorylation and OmpR-dephosphorylation. This particular mutant EnvZ protein seemed to exhibit null functions as to the in vivo osmoregulatory phenotype. The mutant OmpR protein with the amino acid change at position 12 was clearly phosphorylated in vitro, but at a very low rate as compared with the wild-type OmpR protein. In vitro phosphorylation of the mutant OmpR protein with the amino acid change at position 55 was more severely affected. This mutant OmpR protein appeared to exhibit null functions as to the in vivo osmoregulatory phenotype. These results suggest that the histidine residue at position 243 of the EnvZ protein and the aspartate residues at positions 12 and 55 of the OmpR protein are deeply involved in the phosphotransfer between the EnvZ and OmpR proteins.


Twelve spring wheat cultivars were tested in southern New South Wales for their tolerances to the recommended rates and three times the recommended rates of trifluralin, pendimethalin, tri-allate and chlorsulfuron. Recommended rates of these herbicides did not affect the emergence or grain yield of any cultivar. However, differences between cultivars in their tolerances to trifluralin, pendimethalin and chlorsulfuron at three times the recommended rate were identified. The extent of the reduction in emergence and/or grain yield varied with herbicide and season, and there was also a herbicidexseason interaction. Durati, Songlen and Tincurrin were the most susceptible cultivars to trifluralin, and Teal was the most tolerant. Yield losses from trifluralin were more severe in 1979 than in 1980 or 1981. The differential between cultivars treated with pendimethalin was smaller and more variable; Tincurrin was the only cultivar with a yield reduction in more than one season. Durati, Songlen and Shortim were the only cultivars affected by chlorsulfuron. A reduction in crop emergence of a cultivar treated with trifluralin or pendimethalin did not correlate consistently with any grain yield loss, and reductions in emergence were always greater than yield loss.


Charles J. Wheelan's two best-known works are characterised by a focus on the applicability of economic theories in real settings. Naked Economics is a book teaching the basics of economics that does not get lost in the maze of economics that is full of numbers and models, but places the emphasis on applicability in real life. Naked Statistics does the same, focusing on the subject of statistics: instead of dwelling on complex mathematical methods, it tries to provide readers with methods of using statistics in everyday life, and, first of all, it draws attention to the correct interpretation of results and the importance of the human factor.


Dialysis patients suffer exceptionally often from the sleep apnea syndrome (SAS). However, the typical symptoms of these sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) remain often disregarded, because these overlap with the symptoms of the renal insufficiency or the uremia. Besides the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is high with dialysis patients which is a main cause for the mortality of the dialysis patients. Then follow infection-conditioned deaths and an association is supposed by infections and sleep apnea. In the normal population the sleep apnea syndrome counts as a risk factor to a raised incidence of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the present investigation was the determination of the prevalence of the sleep apnea with the dialysis patients of the station 1011 of the university medical centre of Gottingen. The diagnostic procedures established in not dialysis patients (questionnaires, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), portable recording devices) should be checked to dialysis patients. A possible connection between cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as well as raised infection susceptibility with dialysis patients with SAS should be grasped. Portable recording device recordings were performed in the enclosed patients at night after the dialysis. A questionnaire with the patients was worked on and all relevant lab values, cardiovascular diagnoses/events and the relevant dialysis data were evaluated. With 9 of 21 patients (42.9%) the screening proved a sleep apnea syndrome. This is a clearly higher prevalence than in the normal population. The evaluation of the questionnaires proved no correlation to the results of the sleep apnea - screenings. It is to be supposed that the conventional questionnaires with the typical symptoms of the sleep apnea and the ESS are not promising with dialysis patients. Consequently the use of reliable portable recording devices is important, because the polysomnography (PSG) is at the moment not available all over the country. In the present investigation to dialysis patient no significant connection could be determined between the sleep apnea syndrome and the cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. Indeed, a significant correlation was observed by the sleep apnea syndrome with raised infection susceptibility. Because infections are the second-most frequent cause of death with dialysis patients, the raised infection inclination is with end-stage renal disease and sleep apnea of prognostic meaning. For further clarification of the relevance of the sleep apnea syndrome with dialysis patients greater studies are necessary. Their task should be to determine the most actual diagnostic methods of the sleep apnea with dialysis patients. The connections of cardiovascular disease and the infection inclination with this patient"s group with the sleep apnea syndrome and their actual clinical meaning should be further examined. Besides, the effectiveness of a CPAP treatment of the sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease should be determined with dialysis patients.


Icy volatiles on Mars are responsible for geomorphic changes on dunes, taking place in today's climate. Both north and south polar regions show sediment transport in the spring, associated with sublimation of seasonal ice. Using HiRISE, the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment, on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), we explore possible mechanisms.


The wireless sensor network, WSN, is a promising technology to make our social life better. However, the maintenance of the battery attached to each sensor node avoids WSN widely be used. The zero standby-power sensor node (ZSSN) extends battery life by eliminating standby power, but they impose high cost and maintenance burdens because each node has its own battery and wireless module. This paper proposes a wired-wireless hierarchical sensor network consisting of a small network group of ZPSNs (Zero power sensor node) with large capacitor as power supply that are wired together, and the parent node has a wireless module and an energy harvester. The proposed WSN can suppress the number of energy harvesters and wireless modules to that of groups. There are no batteries by replaced to the capacitors. That is, our WSN can reduce the maintenance and cost caused by which there is no battery, and each only parent node has wireless module and energy harvester. The experimental result shows that the standby ZPSN can keep enough voltage 48 days on the large capacitor to operate in active mode correctly.


The pharmaceutical industry offers the pharmacist a unique practice alternative in the area of health economics research (HER). This article will briefly describe why HER is important, the key elements involved, and a description of how the pharmacist can play a role in developing HER. HER is a form of technology assessment and has been developed due to needs brought about by changes in the financial aspect of health care. It involves several points of concentration including the identification of the economic impact of therapeutic interventions, the separation of costs of a disease from the costs of therapy, determination of the economic impact of side effects, assessment of therapy's impact on patients' quality of life, and differentiation of costs from charges. The most often used economic tools in HER are cost effectiveness (CEA), cost benefit (CBA), and cost utility (CUA) analyses. Quality of life (QofL) considerations are a component of HER. They are important from the perspectives of the clinician as well as the patient's and often the insurance carrier, the managed health care organization, or the patient's employer. QofL measurements are made with several types of instruments including general health rating scales or batteries of tests or through health state utilities. HER data may be collected either prospectively or observationally. Quality-of-life research data may only be collected prospectively. HER crosses the boundaries of several sciences resulting in a multidisciplinary approach to technology assessment using principles from therapeutics, epidemiology, accounting, finance, the decision sciences, and the economic impact of new and existing technology. The concerns of drug decision makers with the issues of therapeutic outcomes, quality of care, impact on the pharmacy budget, the possibility of reducing or increasing other costs within the institution and the manufacturers' contractual terms, will increase. As a result, the necessity for HER is obvious. HER, as it relates to therapeutics, is in its developmental stages; it will, however, continue to evolve. The pharmacist can play a role and make significant contributions in the development of HER to determine the mechanics, assumptions and techniques of this research area. The pharmacist's background easily creates a contributing role within HER as a result of the diverse application of specialized training.


The increasing frequency of destructive wildfire incidents in the United States, particularly in the West, is well-documented, and the key causal variables are increasingly well understood. Among stakeholders with heightened concerns about risks from destructive wildfire are insurance companies and the homeowners they insure. The cancellation and nonrenewal of insurance due to wildfire risk has received media attention in the wake of major wildfire seasons, particularly in California. However, less attention has been directed to wildfire-related risks borne by lower-income policy holders, specifically. For example, the probability of maintaining or replacing an at-risk policy increases when a homeowner invests in fire protection measures. However, these investments are comparatively costly for lower-income homeowners. The present research aims to identify regions in the lower 48 states where moderate and high wildfire risk, lower income, and insurability are coterminous risks. The concentration of at-risk homes in counties with comparatively high wildfire hazard potential and comparatively higher poverty rates are considered. This paper also considers how the concentrated market share of insurance underwriting may pose a risk to lower income homeowners, considering the overlap between highly concentrated insurance markets and states with high wildfire risk and higher poverty rates.


A setting device used in an illumination control system to realize a separate control, a group control, and a pattern control is disclosed. The object of the present invention is to enable a setting operation to be performed easily, and to prevent missing. In connection with the switch arranged on a wall side, the setting device sets a separate address of the separate control, a group number of the group control, and a pattern number of the pattern control by using an infrared ray communication. On the other hand, the corresponding relationships between each switch and the relay controlling the load actually is established by mounting the setting device on the operation terminal, and connecting it to the transmission unit via the communication line. Accordingly, it is possible to perform asetting operation easily by performing two kinds of setting as one pair. Further, missing can be prevented by mounting the movable setting device on the operation terminal arranged on the wall side.


Estimating long-term projections of sea ice extent is a key part of understanding the possible future climate state. This is hampered by uncertainties within and across comprehensive climate models, and the relative importance and nature of contributing factors are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the role of ocean and atmospheric forcing on sea ice on multidecadal time scales.

Pre-industrial control simulations of 19 CMIP6 models are analysed. Sea ice extent is negatively correlated with ocean heat transport (OHT), and positively correlated with atmospheric heat (moist-static energy) transport (AHT), in both hemispheres. In most models, increased OHT into the Arctic enhances surface fluxes in the Atlantic sector just south of the sea ice edge, which in turn increases the AHT convergence at higher latitudes. In the southern ocean, increased OHT directly increases the mean ocean–ice heat flux while AHT plays no direct role. Sensitivities of the sea ice cover to OHT are consistent with predictions from an idealised energy balance model (EBM), which is fitted to each model in turn. This shows that the sensitivities are constrained by atmospheric radiation parameters and the mean surface temperature response, with no explicit dependence on ocean parameters. These results are a step towards quantifying the effect of ocean biases on sea ice uncertainty in climate projections.


This papper discuss about longitudinal data models of claim counts withexcess-zeros, in which time-dependence of the claim counts is modeled by using acopula function. The copula approach extensively to model the serial dependence ofthe claim counts in car insurance, to model this serial dependence of the claimcounts (between the history and future claims). The maximum likelihood is appliedto estimate the parameters of the discrete copula model. A two-step procedure isproposed to estimate the parameters and predict the claim counts of the next periodusing the estimated parameters.


Abstract While the prevalence of White supremacist groups in the US seems to be on the rise during the 21st century, popular cultural productions of this period suggest an increase in awareness concerning the social construction of Whiteness and its dependence on the degradation of non-Whiteness. As a test case for this hypothesis, the fantastic ghost story Lincoln in the Bardo (2017) is examined in terms of its engagement with the discursive practice Toni Morrison termed American Africanism, a specific form of White supremacist discourse that targets African Americans in particular. Morrison's analytical categories are applied to the contemporary novel to verify whether its anti-supremacist program at the story level matches its own discursive practice.


Chronic rejection (CR) is an uncommon but important cause of graft dysfunction, leading to graft loss and often requires retransplantation. This study evaluates the incidence and outcome of the patients with CR at a large living donor liver transplant (LDLT) center.


Advances in Information and Communication Technologies (TIC), such as the case of mobile phone as a selling channel, is receiving great attention by academics and practitioners due the important potential market that mobile users represent. However, few papers have empirically established a characterization and typology of mshoppers. In this sense, our study contributes to analyze factors that motivate or inhibit m-shopping and finally obtain different types of m-shoppers based on motives and impediments for m-commerce. For the empirical study 274 m-shoppers were interviewed, and the results show that there exist three different types of buyers: indifferent, mistrustful and practical m-shoppers. Besides, we study the importance of several signals of quality (brand, security and privacy politics, reputation, quality-price relationship and warranty) for each group. The development of m-commerce offers great opportunities for the marketing practice, and the characterization of different types of buyers allow practitioners to design different strategies for each group.


This paper introduces zoom microscope into the microscope positioning system to settle the contradiction between microscopepsilas visual range and depth of field. In the whole bonding application, bond targetspsila identification and orientation are the most important aspects for full-automation. Multiple scale images go through various image processing programs, and finally different bond targets are identified and positioned This measure is called ldquoglobal-coarse and local-precise orientationrdquo, with which full-automation bonding is realized. A zoom microscope based micro-positioning system was used to capture the multiple magnification images. The requirement for real-time auto-focusing for zoom microscope is proposed based on the analysis of zoom microscope model.


The C.R.A.S.H. Book analysis project was commenced by the New Zealand Police in 2001 to highlight sections of road with higher risk of road trauma, with the intention of targeting appropriate Enforcement, Engineering, and Education initiatives to reduce the number and severity of crashes on these stretches of state highway. The C.R.A.S.H. Books have steadily been developed across Police Districts since their implementation, assisting Police managers in devising risk targeted patrol plans to aid deployment, and for ease of use by frontline staff. Whilst C.R.A.S.H. Books are useful as a data source, the author argues that they are simply one part of the wider data available for targeting to risk. It is argued that a negative consequence of the C.R.A.S.H. Books is a perception that 'risk' is primarily determined by crash history, so enforcement outside 'risk areas' is of a lower value than inside such areas. This paper will discuss the fact that the majority of serious and fatal crashes occur in locations where there have been none before, and that targeting of resources should focus on behaviours and not simply be based on crash risks at locations. It is argued that targeting behaviours will impact on crashes in all locations, and a comprehensive risk targeting model should not simply rely on crash data to determine risk. The paper goes on to discuss a simple mechanism that Police can adopt when assessing the structure of risk targeting strategies in terms of impacting on negative driver behaviours that lead to, or aggravate, road trauma. This mechanism draws on 4 key principles in a simple matrix: the principles that enforcement activity, to impact the most highly on behaviours, needs to cover specific and general deterrence activities, whilst being visible and dealing with a sufficient volume of offences to effect change.


Learning and upgrading knowledge is an essential part of human life. It goes on continuously and consistently, either knowingly or unknowingly, throughout life. This process should keep up pace with up-to-the-minute developments in the world. One such most recent development is use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in the domain of higher education. The modern people use technology for various purposes. There is no aspect of human life which is untouched by technology today so they can not survive without technology even for a second. In such a scenario, the realm of education can not isolate itself from the influence of ICT. It has become a prerequisite to be a techno-savvy for every learner and teacher. The present paper deals with the use of ICT for competence building in higher education. It focuses on the use of ICT for building competence of teachers and administrators by identifying the areas which ICT can easily tackle for effective pedagogic and administrative concerns.


Nanofibers of semiconducting metal-oxides have been widely utilized for applications in gas sensors due to highly surface reaction between the metal-oxides and adsorbed gas species but require the high operating temperature (200-400oC). The conducting polymers have improved many aspects of the gas sensors especially in lowering the operating temperature to around room temperature. In addition to this, the ability to incorporate specific binding sites into conducting polymer promises it for the improvement of selectivity and sensitivity of material. Therefore, in this paper we report the fabrication of ultrasonicated polyaniline (PANI) and tin oxide (SnO2) composite nanofibers using electrospinning technique and characterization for hydrogen gas sensing application. In a typical procedure, ultrasonicated as-synthesized polyaniline (PANI) and SnCl2⋅2H2O in dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution was mixed with ethanol under vigorous stirring. Subsequently, a carrier polymer PVP was added to form viscous solution for loading into glass syringe to fabricate the nanofibers collected on conducting aluminum foil using electrospinning. Ultrasonication of PANI and SnCl2⋅2H2O in DMF provided energy for the chemical reaction to speed up dispersion of PANI in the solution. The as-prepared PANI/SnO2 nanofibers were investigated for structural characterizations by means of FTIR, UV-VIS, SEM and XRD. The morphologically non-woven nanofibres with highly porous and agglomerated structure of diameter around 300-500 nm was confirmed by SEM image. FTIR and UV-VIS spectra revealed the possible incorporation of SnO2 in PANI and confirmed the uniform attachment of PANI on the surface of SnO2 nanostructures. XRD pattern showed the presence of tetragonal SnO2 and the crystalline structure of SnO2 was not affected with the incorporation of PANI. The as-prepared nanofibers of PANI/SnO2 nanocomposite showed improved hydrogen sensing properties at very low temperature as compared to that of pristine SnO2 nanofibers.


Austenitic chromium-nickel steels find a wide range of applications thanks to their universal properties. In response to the development of prices of alloy components, ThyssenKrupp Nirosta has developed the new steel grade NIROSTA® 4640, which demonstrates the same good properties as the widely used material NIROSTA® 4301. The alloy concept utilizes a new combination of the elements copper, nitrogen and manganese to lower the nickel content. NIROSTA® 4640 is especially suitable for the area of white goods, e.g. dishwashers, and for sinks and similar products.


A direct character-string retrieval method based on human search characteristics is proposed for Japanese textual image processing. In an experiment in which human subjects were to identify characters shown on a CRT screen, character-string search performance was better than single-character search performance in Japanese sentence contexts. This result suggests that character strings contain more information than characters alone. The analysis of reaction times shows that there are two stages in visual search. A character-string image retrieval system which, human-like, has two stages is effective in searching target images in ninety Japanese textual images. Moreover, human-like performance is obtained from the system: for example, it more easily identifies character-string images than single-character images.<<ETX>>


The introduction sets out the scope of the book and excavates a 'poetics' of the interview form and practice. Examining the interview's liminal position in the literary imagination across the last 150 years, the book analyses what this might tell us about conceptions of literature, authorship, and reading publics in modernity. The introduction offers a number of 'propositions' for studying interviews: considering the implications of the interview on modes of subjectivity, technologies of inscription, mediation, and communication. Less a taxonomy than a series of exploratory interventions, these propositions offer ways of thinking about an unwieldy topic which can be approached as form and practice.


The article presents the results of testing several hypotheses related to the issue of impact of differentiation inspired by the model of Effectively Maintained Inequality using data from the survey done in the spring of 2012 among students from the Romanian-Hungarian cross-border region. The multinomial logistic regressions of subject-field enrollment in two public universities from the crossborder region confirm most of our expectations based on the theses of the Effectively Maintained Inequality (EMI) in the case of the large public University of Debrecen (Hungary) – social reproduction effects in case of the most lucrative specialties of Law and Medicine but less support for the hypotheses in the case of the University of Oradea (large public university in Romania). The lack of confirmation of EMI hypotheses in Romania suggests a possible and plausible consequence of expansion in clientele-oriented university systems: a decrease of contribution of higher education to social reproduction.


The selection of the most appropriate Web services to realize business tasks still remain an open issue. We propose a multi-criteria algorithm for efficient service selection. Web services and their QoS values are stored in a Web service ontology (WSOnto) and business processes are modeled with the BPMN2.0 specifications. Our algorithm performs an instance-based ontology matching between the WSOnto and the business process ontology. The business context, functional properties and QoS values of Web services are considered. The algorithm computes the variation of QoS values over times. This strategy allows better accurate Web services ranking relevant to a user's request.


It is without a doubt that both the controller and switch of an SDN are vulnerable to Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Typically, this ilk of attacks targets the flow table of the deployed network switches with the aim of producing overloading, high network delays, and consume bandwidth. Motivated by this fact, in this paper, we propose a lightweight scheme which is based on a set of rules to efficiently characterize packets send to a network switch as malicious or not. Through testbed experimentation and comparison with legacy DDoS protection schemes, we demonstrate that our solution performs significantly better when it comes to SDN ecosystem of mobile users.


This paper records the measurement of the viscosity of the water substance at pressures from 200 atmospheres to 1000 atmospheres and at temperatures from 370 to 540°C. The viscometer, which is of a capillary type, uses the principle of the falling mercury pellet but is of a special design prepared by the author to meet the extreme conditions under which the observations were to be made. A careful examination has been carried out of the possible sources of error, and the necessary corrections and calibrations are given. At the lower end of the range of pressure, at which recent data are extant from other workers, the results are in close conformity with those from the existing sources.


We demonstrate that dispersive compensation can be achieved for the communication channels within the atmospheric THz windows using the long-path THz-TDS system. However, the THz pulse broadening cannot be eliminated due to the bandwidth reduction of the propagating THz pulse due to the frequency dependent absorption of the channels.


Research on the reception and integration of immigrants now recognizes more explicitly the impact that characteristics of societies have as they play host to immigrants. This brief introduction to six papers – by Kasinitz, Mollenkopf and Waters; Boyd; Model and Lin; Borjas; Martin; and Castles – shows how they reflect a research emphasis on four interrelated features of host societies: 1) pre-existing ethnic and race relations, 2) labor markets and related institutions, 3) government policies and programs both for immigration and for broader institutional regulation, and 4) the changing nature of international boundaries, part of the process of globalization. Cultural dimensions permeate analyses of each of these four aspects. Together with others in a larger collection of 18 papers developing this theme (scheduled for publication as a book by the Centre for Comparative Immigration Studies, University of California at San Diego), the various analyses suggest elements useful in constructing a theory of immigrant reception and incorporation taking proper account of the impact of host societies.


High power static voltage inverters found their application in a power conversion for isolated power grids, especially in the shipbuilding and the maritime industry. Most of the problems related to the design of such inverters are that very often nominal power of such devices is comparable to nominal power of its load. In this contribution a design of such voltage source, its computer simulations and experimental results are shown. 2. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE VESSEL'S ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY A voltage source which is used to supply ship's internal electrical network need to meet speciflc characteristic imposed by the country of registration of the vessel laws. This regulations describes minimal requirements for the electrical generators, if it should be used as a power supply for ship's electrical network. This requirements also relates to an auxiliary power supply such us the on-shore power supply. Vessels, according to its type, registered in Poland has to follow rules presented in the Rules for the Classiflcation and Construction of Sea-going Ships, Rules for the Classiflcation and Construc- tion of Small Sea-going Ships, Rules for the Classiflcation and Construction of High Speed Craft or Rules for the Classiflcation and Construction of Inland Waterways Vessels of the Polski Rejestr Statkow. Requirements for main source of electric power for Sea-going Ships are presented in Part VIII. Electrical Installations and Control Systems. Table 1 shows main requirements for ship's electrical power supply (3). As it is stated above there are two main problems associated with the design of electrical power supply | maintain voltage in speciflc range with low voltage deviation (low harmonics distortion) and withstand overload and short-circuit currents. This has to be kept in mind while designing such devices.


It has been proposed that strong electromagnetic fields produced in the early stages of heavy-ion collisions can lead to splitting of the rapidity-odd directed flow of positive and negative hadrons. For light hadrons, the interpretation of such measurements is complicated by the low magnitude of directed flow as well as by ambiguities arising from transported quarks. To overcome these complications, we propose measurements using only hadrons carrying produced quarks (ū, d̄, s, s̄). We discuss how to identify the kinematics where such hadrons are produced via the coalescence mechanism and therefore their flow is the sum of the flow of their constituent quarks. With this sum rule verified for certain combinations of hadrons, the expected systematic violation of this rule with increasing electric charge can be measured, which could be a consequence of the electromagnetic fields produced in the collisions. Our approach can be tested with the high statistics data from Phase II of the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).


Peter Collinson (1749) reported to the Royal Society of London the habits of the "Great Black Wasp" of Pennsylvania, as communicated to him by John Bartram of Philadelphia. The drawings of the wasp and of her "large green grasshoppers" leave little doubt that they represent Ammobia pennsylvanica and her katydids, the first solitary digger-wasp of America to have its habits described. Linnaeus (1767) named her Sphex pennsylvanicus and with the exception of Fabricius (1804), who named her Pepsis pennsylvanica, all other taxonomists down to 1907 retained Linnaeus' designation. Since then the name has undergone the following changes; Fernald (1907), Chlorion (Proterosphex) pennsylvanicum; Rohwer (1911), Ammobia pennsylvanica; Fernald (1931), Chlorion (Ammobia) pennsylvanicum. Rohwer's designation is retained here because Ammobia is regarded as a genus. Fernald's 1907 paper gives a list of taxonomic references.


Ensuring that all the users see the same state of a Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE) at the same time is very important to provide effective collaboration between these users. Absolute consistency is nearly impossible to achieve because it would prejudice the system responsiveness during user interactions. Consequently, existing solutions make a trade-off between consistency and system responsiveness according to their own requirements. We propose a new adaptive data distribution model that is able to dynamically change data distribution according to application requirements, user's actions and functions that virtual objects fulfill in the virtual environment. Our solutions can deal with several kinds of requirements imposed by various applications and network constraints. The choice of the data distribution can be made at the object level because all the objects of a virtual environment do not necessarily have the same need for consistency. Finally, we evaluate this model for collaborative scientific data visualization using a client/server architecture and HTTP/HTTPS connections. The results show that our model can minimize both interaction latency and gap in consistency between users, so it enables users to always perform real-time interactions in a consistent CVE.


This research aimed to investigate the effect of using delivering speeches technique to enhance speaking skill of Saudi junior students. The participants in this study were joiner Saudi female students at YUC college. The participants were 15 students and their ages were between 20-25 years old. Their English proficiency was intermediate level. It was a quantitative study. A close-ended questionnaire was used to collect data. The result of the collected data showed that the participants found delivering speech helpful for improving their speaking skill.


I can only congratulate the authors for this very insightful paper on the concepts underlying the IDEAS PhD program and the proposal to take the concepts further to establish a novel and sustainable training avenue. The article outlines the key concepts of the IDEAS program and highlights a number of aspects important for any modern PhD program for clinical statisticians working in today's drug development environment. The paper describes the importance of technical expertise in statistical methodology, the importance of the ability to work in cross‐functional teams in a global environment, and finally the need for a firm understanding of clinical concepts and knowledge of the underlying clinical environment today. It is impressive how all these aspects were supported within the IDEAS program. And of course, all these aspects are very important for the success of statisticians in the pharmaceutical industry today. As we know the pharmaceutical industry is changing, it has changed over the last 10 years and it may even undergo more changes in the next 10 years. It will certainly become more data driven. In a world with increasingly available data ready for analysis, the ability of companies tomake fast and adequate usage of such data will become evenmore important. It should lead to new insights into the biology of diseases and therapies; it should lead to faster drug development and a better marketing of new therapies. This new world will include not only simply data on more patients but also more data per patient with newhigh‐dimensional data types. New data types will include not only genomic or proteomic data but also imaging and digital biomarker data. This all will also impact drug development itself by allowing more tailored development approaches for a new therapy, and as a consequence, more diversified designs will be needed with less and less standard designs applied. This development will require skilled statisticians and quantitative scientists agile and able to deal with these new challenges. Already 7 years ago, such developments were highlighted in a number of papers, for example, by EFSPI outlining the modern challenges in a more diversified data application landscape in the pharmaceutical industry. And today, the demand for well‐trained statisticians has even increased. But obviously, it is not only the need for methodological expertise in higher quantities required today. Statisticians and quantitative scientists also need specific skills for being successful in the pharmaceutical environment, and these skills go beyond simply good statistical methodology. There may be three aspects to highlight:


The real potential of digital repositories lies in their ability to capture ephemeral documents and combine them with more familiar formats.


The present invention relates to a channel switching method in a broadcast signal processing apparatus and a broadcast signal processing apparatus. When the channel switching method in a broadcast signal processing apparatus according to the invention, the channel switching key is input, the method comprising: passing each of the input channel switching key applications and OCAP middleware service context part of the interior and; Contact to the service host unit to create a virtual internal channel map, and obtain information of a channel switching step which corresponds to the channel changing key from the internal virtual channel map; Using the channel information to switch step of performing channel selection and pre; Finding the channel information to be switched by the application received the channel switching key step; Requesting a channel switch to the OCAP middleware to the found channel information; Comprising: a channel information from the application information and the virtual channel within the channel map from the determined same and if; If the two channel information is determined to be equal, a step of completing the channel switching performed by the pre-channel conversion. In this way, it is possible to further shorten the channel switching speed compared to the conventional Java application based on the conventional channel switching manner. Digital TV, Java applications, OCAP middleware, channel switching


The traditional tenet of the stability of measured ability requirements for task performance has been challenged by a changing-abilities-requirements view. This view, based largely on interpretations of Fleishman's research, holds that systematic changes in the abilities contributing to performance occur relative to a variety of criterion tasks, as practice on those tasks continues. Previous criticisms of Fleishman's experimental-factor analytic approach are summarized and extended in this article. A reanalysis of %4 pairs of rs reported in Fleishman's studies and in a replication study by Hinrichs showed that the incidence of significant change in rs was within the range of chance expectation. Factor analytic studies by Fleishman and others that do not support the changing-abilities-requirements view are reviewed. The practical implications of Fleishman's research are discussed. It is argued that the data cited in support of the changing-abilities-requirements view require examination of external validit...


During flotation, fine gangue minerals can enter the concentrate through mechanical entrainment, which seriously affects the quality of concentrate. In this work, the effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the flotation performance of zoisite, a silicate mineral, was studied. The role of CMC in reducing zoisite entrainment was investigated by dynamic foaming tests, surface tension measurements, rheology measurements, sedimentation tests, and optical microscopy experiments. The flotation results showed that zoisite mainly entered the concentrate by entrainment; the addition of low dosages of CMC decreased zoisite entrainment and efficiently separated cassiterite from zoisite; moreover, the concentrate grade and recovery of SnO2 increased by 1.27 % and 5.63 %, respectively, by using CMC in closed-circuit flotation tests. Dynamic foaming studies on the two-phase and three-phase foam/froth revealed that the presence of CMC decreased the froth ability and froth stability, and greatly altered the three-phase froth structure. Basically, the bubbles in the foam were larger after adding CMC. For the two-phase foam, the change of foam property had little to do with surface activity and bulk viscosity. For the three-phase froth, the froth property was strongly affected by the interaction of CMC and zoisite. The results of the sedimentation test and microscopy experiment demonstrated that CMC can cause zoisite to flocculate and enlarge the particle size, which was the main reason for the decrease of froth stability and entrainment. This study indicates that the side effects of depressants should not be overlooked when discussing the role of depressants in flotation.


The study aimed to investigate the relationship and influence between following movement (FM) and Movement Technic (MT) variables on general performance (GP) performances conducted by participants in virtual gymnastics competitions (n=361) organized by the Ministry of Youth and Sports during the pandemic in 2020. Research is conducted through quantitative approaches, descriptive analysis and linear regression hypothesis tests to determine the relationships and influences between these variables. Statistical analysis conducted resulted in significant relationship findings and forces between independent FM, and MT, variables on GP dependent variables. The study concluded a strong p.977 positive relationship between variables in the influence of ability to follow movements on general appearance and a negative .987 negative relationship between motion techniques and public appearance in assessing virtual exercise competition.


Low temperature carrier transport properties in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor systems can be theoretically well-understood within a mean-field type RPA-Boltzmann theory as being limited by scattering from screened Coulomb disorder arising from random quenched charged impurities in the environment. In the current work, we derive a number of simple analytical formula, supported by realistic numerical calculations, for the relevant density, mobility, and temperature range where 2D transport should manifest strong intrinsic (i.e., arising purely from electronic effects and not from phonon scattering) metallic temperature dependence in different semiconductor materials arising entirely from the 2D screening properties, thus providing an explanation for why the strong temperature dependence of the 2D resistivity can only be observed in high-quality and low-disorder (i.e., high-mobility) 2D samples and also why some high-quality 2D materials (i.e., n-GaAs) manifest much weaker metallicity than other materials. We also discuss effects of interaction and disorder on the 2D screening properties in this context as well as compare 2D and 3D screening functions to comment why such a strong intrinsic temperature dependence arising from screening cannot occur in 3D metallic carrier transport. Experimentally verifiable predictions are made about the quantitative magnitude of the maximum possible low-temperature metallicity in 2D systems and the scaling behavior of the temperature scale controlling the quantum to classical crossover where the system reverses the sign of the temperature derivative of the 2D resistivity at high temperatures.


In this work, we are interested to prove that for voting systems which can be expressed as scoring rules, the coalitional weighted manipulation problem which is known to be NP-complete is as difficult as solving an integer linear programming problem. For this integer linear programming problem several software solutions exist, and we have found that with a reasonable number of candidates the solution can be found within seconds.


Introduction: The use of inhaled medications remained as the pillar in pharmacological management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Incorrect inhalation technique can impact drug delivery to the lung, compromised bronchodilation and lead to deteriorated disease control and worse disease outcomes. However, devices for inhaled medications can be difficult to learn and prone to mishandling despite presence of newer and more user-friendly inhalers. Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare between patients' self-rated confidence with their actual technique in using inhalers This study also aimed to determine factors associated with incorrect inhalation technique and impact of inhaler critical errors on clinical outcomes. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study among patients with chronic respiratory disease who were users of inhalers, who visited outpatient pharmacy department and respiratory clinic, Serdang Hospital from 15th July to 15th August 2019. The patients were screened using convenient sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pertinent data and inhalation techniques were identified during interview sessions. Results and discussion: Nearly a third of the patients who were confident with their inhalation technique had incorrect inhalation techniques and performed critical errors.


Human activity recognition has always been an appealing research topic in computer vision due its theoretic interest and vast range of applications. In recent years, machine learning has dominated computer vision and human activity recognition research. Supervised learning methods and especially deep learning-based ones are considered to provide the best solutions for this task, achieving state-of-the art results. However, the performance of deep learning-based approaches depends greatly on the modelling capabilities of the spatio-temporal neural network architecture and the learning goals of the training process. Moreover, the design complexity is task-depended. In this paper, we show that we can exploit the information contained in the label description of action classes (action labels) to extract information regarding their similarity which can then be used to steer the learning process and improve the activity recognition performance. Moreover, we experimentally verify that the adopted strategy can be useful in both single and multi-stream architectures, providing better scalability on the training of the network in more complex datasets featuring activity classes with larger intra- and inter-class similarities.


Time series revenue data from the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD) in Los Angeles are used as a case study to develop empirical models and forecasts of monthly transit revenue for financial planning. Seasonal time series models for the five major types of transit revenues collected by SCRTD are specified and estimated. For all five types, the observed variation in revenue during the estimation period fits well with the values obtained from the models, as is demonstrated by the relevant regression statistics and behavioral characteristics of the model. A data split technique is used to determine the prediction capabilities of the model. A comparison of the forecasts with the actual data shows that the models perform well for forecasting purposes. Finally the models are used in a simulation mode to estimate the impact of the SCRTD June 1982 fare rollback on revenues for the next year and a half.


Forevacuum plasma electron sources1 are capable of generating an electron beam directly in the region of increased working gas pressures from units to hundreds of Pa. This opens up possibilities for direct electron-beam processing of high-temperature dielectric materials: in particular, local cutting and milling of ceramics and glasses2,


Objective: To investigate whether BMT causing cardiac function improvement was related to the baseline cardiac function and coronary circulation in addition to angiogenesis. Methods: Different degree of cardiac dysfunction was induced in swines by different segment ligation of left anterior descending artery. Two weeks later, 1 x 108 bone marrow-mononuclear cells or salt (PBS) were coronarily injected into the ischemic zone. Coronary angiography (CAG) and left ventriculography (LVG) were performed to evaluate coronary circulation and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Angiogenesis count was examined by histology. Results: four weeks post-transplantation, LVG showed that LVEF were increased in both BMT groups and the greater improvements were seen in the low LVEF+BMT group(P 0. 01), whereas LVEF showed deterioration in both PBS groups. CAG revealed that BMT caused no significant coronary circulation increase (P0. 05). Alkaline phosphatase staining showed the angiogenesis counts in both BMT groups were significantly greater than those in both PBS groups (P0. 01), and the angiogenesis counts in the low LVEF+BMT group was 63% greater than there in the high LVEF + BMT group. The cardiac function improvement extent caused by BMT in the low LVEF group were positively correlative with angiogenesis count and the baseline cardiac function (P0. 05), but not with coronary circulation (P0. 05). Conclusion:These data suggest that coronarily transplantation of bone marrow stem cells more benefit for cardiac function recovery at the low level, which might be due to angiogenesis and the basic cardiac function level.


The Na-Dene hypothesis has undergone careful scrutiny in recent years. The argument that Haida is part of this grouping has weakened with the exclusion of diffused words and faulty comparisons as well as general typological resemblances that are too weak to be considered probative. The case for the inclusion of Tlingit, on the other hand, has strengthened to the point where the genetic relationship of Athabascan, Eyak, and Tlingit can be considered proven.


The in-line-Inspection of Williams' Gas West Pipeline in September 2001 was successfully completed using the newly developed 16" UltraScan® CD tool of GE PII Pipeline Solutions. The particular pipeline section inspected was known to be affected by Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC). The inspection was carried out using the liquid batching technique developed by PII Pipeline Solutions. A special launcher and receiver barrel was designed to enable the handling of a series of three batching pigs in front of and two behind the inspection tool. A manifold of "kicker lines" was mounted to the barrel to launch the batching pigs and the inspection tool. The main benefits of this new design were minimizing operational downtime, ensuring complete air/natural gas displacement from the launcher, and providing for a smoother launch procedure. Due to the large elevation changes within the pipeline section, a key concern was maintaining pig velocity within 1m/s for adequate data resolution. Rather than rely on a general "rule of thumb", a transient analysis was performed to define a range of possible batch sizes and better understand the expected pressure gradients while pumping the water slug. Based on actual data collected during this successful run, the transient model will be refined to better handle friction effects between the sealing cups and disks in future batch inspection runs. The data analysis stage for large crack features is completed and full analysis for small defects is ongoing. Analysis and excavation results are discussed in the paper. Results from this inspection are expected to considerably extend the understanding of crack formation in this pipeline and will be used to help establish an overall integrity management plan for the pipeline.© 2002 ASME


Approximate loci of the guiding center of a charged particle in a helically invariant magnetic field, in particular in a stellarator, have been worked out. The rotational transform induces a kind of helical motion of the charged particle around the magnetic axis coupled with the curvature effect. Apparent centers of two dimensional paths projected on a section of the torus are different from the magnetic axis. These are situated on the line which passes through the center of curvature of torus and the position of the magnetic axis. a ξ c , the position of the center of an eccentric path measured from the magnetic axis becomes smaller for larger field strength, ripples of magnetic surface and for smaller curvature. The sign of ξ c , depends on that of the charge and further on whether the velocity vector of the particle is parallel or antiparallel to the field vector.


Propagation measurements of wireless channels performed in the tunnel environments at 6 GHz are presented in this paper. Propagation characteristics are simulated and analyzed based on the method of shooting and bouncing ray tracing/image (SBR/IM). A good agreement is achieved between the measured results and simulated results, so the correctness of SBR/IM method has been validated. The measured results and simulated results are analyzed in terms of path loss models, received power, root mean square (RMS) delay spread, Ricean K-factor, and angle of arrival (AOA). The omnidirectional path loss models are characterized based on close-in (CI) free-space reference distance model and the alpha-beta-gamma (ABG) model. Path loss exponents (PLEs) are 1.50–1.74 in line-of-sight (LOS) scenarios and 2.18–2.20 in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. Results show that CI model with the reference distance of 1 m provides more accuracy and stability in tunnel scenarios. The RMS delay spread values vary between 2.77 ns and 18.76 ns. Specially, the Poisson distribution best fits the measured data of RMS delay spreads for LOS scenarios and the Gaussian distribution best fits the measured data of RMS delay spreads for NLOS scenarios. Moreover, the normal distribution provides good fits to the Ricean K-factor. The analysis of the abovementioned results from channel measurements and simulations may be utilized for the design of wireless communications of future 5G radio systems at 6 GHz.


Interpolation is widely used in computer mathematics method,This paper introduce four kind of particular interpolation meth od,namely Lagrange.Newton,piecewise linear and spline interpolation,and their respective characteristics are analysed in detail.


Abstract Vibrational spectra of p-(2-bromoethoxy) anisole (2BEA) were recorded in the regions 4000–400 cm−1 and 4000–50 cm−1, for FTIR and FT-Raman, respectively. The molecular structure was optimized using density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP method with the 6–311++G(d,p) basis set. The computed vibrational assignments are in good agreement with the observed wavenumbers. The electronic properties, such as HOMO, LUMO, and their energy gaps, were calculated. The Stability of a molecule arising from hyper-conjugative π →π* interactions and charge delocalization has been studied using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The charge response and thermodynamic limits were examined. Furthermore, the molecular docking (MD) results showed that 2BEA has a good binding (−6.12 kcal/mol) energy to the interaction with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and is used as a probable agent for breast cancer. In silico ADMET properties, such as LD50 have also been analyzed for para-2-bromoethoxy anisole to estimate its drug-likeness.


ANNUAL MEETING, BRADFORD, 1924. TiH ninety-second Annual Meeting of the British Medical Association will be held during the last two weeks of July, 1924, at Bradford, under the presidency of Mr. J. Basil Hall, M.Ch.Cantab., consulting surgeon to the Royal Infirmary, Bradford. The Annual Representative Meeting will begin on Friday, July 18th; the President will give his address to the Association at the adjourned Annual General Meeting on Tuesday evening, July 22nd; the scientifio Sections will meet on the three following days; and the last day of the Meeting-Saturday, July 26thwill be set apart for excursions to places of interest in the neighbourhood. The Council has decided that the scientific and clinical work of tlre Bradford Annual Meeting shall be divided among twelve Sections, of which the first five will meet on three days each, the next four on two days each, and the last three on one day each. We print below tlhe names of the Sections and their Presidents, and in a futulre issue will appear the full list of officers of each Section. Presidents of Sections. Medicine.-Professor ARTHUR JOHN HAILL, M.D., F.R.C.P.-(Sheffie'd). Surgery.-Sir CUTHBERT WALLACE:, K.C.M.G., C.B., F.R.C.S. London). Obstetrics and Gynaescology. JOHN SHIELDS FAIRBAIRN, M.B., F.R.C. e., F.R.C.S.-(L,ondon1. Pathology and Bacteriology. -Professor CARL HAMILTON BhOWNING, M. L).-(ula-gow. Neurology and Psychological Medicine.-THOmAS GRAINGER !TZWAR'T, M.D., F.R..C.P.-(. oudon). Ophthalmology.-ANDREW MAITLAND RAMBAY, M.D., F.R.F.P.S.G.(Glasgow). Public Medicine and Industrial Diseases. HERBERT JONES, L.R.C S.I., D.P.H.-(Hereford). Diseases of Children.-LEoNARD FINDLAY, M.D.. F.R.F.P.S.G. (Gla-gnw). Laryngology and Otology. WALTER JoBsoN HORNE, M.D., M.R. .P.-(London). Orthopaedics.-REGINALD CEMYNE ELMSLIE, O.B.E., M.S., F.R.C.S.(Lon on). Medical Sociology.-ARTHUR MANKNELL, M.B., B.S.-(Bradford).


Using a scanning far-field second harmonic (SH) microscope we have excited surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on a 70 nm thick gold film surface covered with randomly distributed 80 nm wide gold particles. Multiple scattering of the SPPs by these gold particles leads to localization of the electromagnetic fields causing strongly enhanced and spatially localized SH generation. We investigate wavelength and polarization dependencies of both position and intensity of these SH bright spots for two different densities of random scatterers. Comparing SH and fundamental harmonic (FH) images, we conclude that the localized SH enhancement occurs due to overlap of FH and SH eigenmodes. Furthermore we confirm that for incident laser powers in the range 3-40mW, the bright spots exhibit quadratic intensity dependence. For the higher incident laser powers however, the strong heating of the surface seems to change the material properties causing some bright spots to disappear and others to emerge.


This paper presents a method used to measure users opinion about software, and to assure the correctness of such measurements, in order to relate the measurements to software quality. The technique to set-up questionnaires, to collect and analyse measurement results, to use safeguards for error identification and furthermore to prevent defected responses and to extract an overall product evaluation, form the method presented here in. Additionally, some sample safeguards and results from experiments applying this method are presented.


Robotic assisted total knee arthroplasty is one the recent advance to improve its outcome especially to address the issue of precision. Longetivity of TKA primarily depends on proper implant alignment. The Aim of this study is to compare the precision of robotic assisted TKA with the ideally planned mechanical parameters in TKA. A total of 50 robotic assisted TKA patients were included retrospectively in the study. Patient's post operative mechanical femorotibial angle (mFTA), Lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (mPTA) in AP radiogram.and anterior femoral offset ratio, posterior condylar offset ratio, femoral component flexion, posterior tibial slope in lateral radiograms were evaluated with ideal values for specific parameter. Number of outliers were counted separately with values beyond 3 of malalignment. The mean postoperative FTA, LDFA, mPTA recorded is 0.15 ±0.70, 89.78±0.79, 89.80±0.86 respectively. The mean postoperative posterior tibial slope, femoral flexion is 3.03±0.35, 3.14±0.60 respectively. All the parameters when compared with planned ideal values (i.e. mFTA= 0, mPTA=90, LDFA=90, Posterior tibial slope=3, femoral component flexion=3) did not show significant difference. Study shows promising results with near normal execution of planned TKA. Robotic assisted TKA can be a game changer and a handy tool to improve the alignment of mechanical axis in TKAs.


It is explained in the Teacher's Strategy Document (2017-2023) that to evaluate teachers a system which is based on multisource data will be used, and it is told that teachers' personal and vocational development will be perpetuated with this system. This study aims to determine teachers' ideas related to the evaluation system based on multi-source data. The data in this study were taken from 144 high school teachers who voluntarily participated in the study in June 2018. At the end of this study, teachers worry about the fact that the evaluators will not consider the ethical principles, especially while giving the evaluation grades, and they highly agree that enough pilot practice hasn't been applied, students will be able to use the grades they will give as a threat and parents won't know the teachers well enough to evaluate them. The considered evaluation system should be re-planned by taking into account the feelings and thoughts of all teachers, as in curriculum renewal studies. Especially rating scales should be prepared by considering academicians' and teachers' ideas. Evaluable, objective, and reliable criteria should be determined.


The organic fraction of airborne particulate matter includes a wide variety of organic compounds, but the present research focus is on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated derivatives (nitro-PAHs) because of the well-known health risk associated with these organics. In order to identify and assess the sources of hydrocarbon inputs into the environment n-alkanes content and the relative carbon preference index were utilized. Special consideration was given to nitro-PAHs. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the presence in atmosphere of nitro-PAHs not usually studied, which may be responsible for part of the high direct-acting mutagenic activity of unknown origin observed for the airborne particulate material. Of the 38 particulate-associated nitro-PAH compounds measured, 21 were described for the first time and 17 were detected in real samples, although those 21 nitro-PAHs were reported as positional isomers of corresponding PAHs, with the position of the NO2 group not determined.


Purpose – This introductory paper aims to place the contributions to this special issue within the context of the recent impact of globalisation on the wine industry, characterised by rapidly growing and evolving international markets, the expansion of New World wines on international markets, and the response of Old World rivals to New World competition.Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines the new competitive environment in the wine industry created by globalisation and outlines the way in which the authors of the papers in this special issue have contributed to an understanding of that environment.Findings – This paper reflects a renewed academic interest in winemaking, one of the most dynamic and rapidly developing agricultural sectors.Originality/value – The paper hightlights how the authors of the papers in this special issue have contributed to an understanding of this new competitive environment.