Inclusion began in the United States and Europe as a special education initiative on behalf of students with disabilities as early as the 1980s. Now, more than two decades later, schools in these countries are changing as educators, parents, politicians and communities try to prepare for the new challenges and promises of the twenty‐first century. Advances in technology, the global economy and politics, changes in what "counts" as knowledge, and the skills and abilities demanded by the businesses and industries of the future all combine to render obsolete much of what schools have been up until now. The new educational conversation centers on how to design schools and student learning for a future that many educators find nearly impossible to even imagine. How students with disabilities and special education continue to fit into this future is the ongoing challenge of inclusion. While much progress has been made, trends point to some troubling results especially for minority students, and students with some kinds of disabilities. The newest challenge is to make inclusive practices available to everybody, everywhere and all the time. This paper reviews the status of the efforts being made to meet this challenge. In the course of that review, I also describe the five broad changes that systemic school improvement efforts must achieve to continue making progress toward fully inclusive schooling.


This paper evaluates the academic impact of a growth-mindset intervention on students starting the secondary level in public schools in urban Peru. iExpande tu Mente! is a 90-minute school session aimed at instilling the notion that a person's own intelligence is malleable. Students in schools randomly assigned to treatment showed a small improvement in math test scores and educational expectations, with a large and sustained impact in test scores among students outside the capital city. At a cost of $0.20 per pupil, iExpande tu Mente! was highly cost-effective. The results show the potential that brief growth-mindset interventions have for developing countries.


Chemically treated Si(111) surfaces in aqueous NaF solution have been investigated using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and wettability measurements. The SE data indicate that the solution causes the removal of the native oxide upon immersing the sample in the solution. After the native oxide is etched away completely, the SE data yield the spectrum of a slightly roughened surface. The SE-estimated roughness is ∼ 0.64 nm, which is considerably larger than the AFM determined rms value (∼ 0.26 nm); the difference is considered to be due to the SE technique being sensitive not only to the surface microroughness but also to the adsorbed chemical species. The XPS data support the fact that the native oxide is removed upon immersing the sample in the solution. It is also shown that the Si LMM signal at ∼ 1160 eV can provide direct information regarding the relative quality of surface regions prepared by different methods. The wettability measurements show that the as-degreased surface is hydrophilic (θ∼35°), while the NaF-etched surface is hydrophobic (θ∼70°).


The recyclization of (2-aminophenyl)bis(5-tert-butyl-2-furyl)methanes under acidic conditions was studied. It was found that the extent of reaction of these substrates depends on the substituent at the nitrogen atom of the aniline moiety. N-Tosyl derivatives were converted into the corresponding 3-(5-tert-butyl-2-furyl)-2-(4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentyl)-l-tosyl- 1H -indoles. Indole formation was followed by furan ring opening in the case of N-unsubstituted substrates leading to 3-(5,5-dimethyl-1,4-dioxohexyl)-2-(4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentyl)- 1H-indoles. The same products were obtained from N-acetyl derivatives. However, the behavior of the N-benzoyl analogues depends on the reaction conditions: at room temperature 1-benzoyl-3-(5-tert-butyl-2-furyl)-1H-indoles were formed, but debenzoylation and furan ring opening proceed with heating. These data and results of control experiments showed that the reaction mechanism consists of three successive steps: recyclization itself, deacylation of the resulting N-acylindole, and furan ring opening in N-unsubstituted 3-(2-furyl)indoles. The last step can be realized for N-unsubstituted indoles only, but the furan ring is stable for N-acylindoles. This was explained by transformation of N-unsubstituted 1H-indoles under the reaction conditions into 3H-indole tautomers. These tautomers can be considered as 2,5-dialkylfurans, which have much lower stability against acids than 2-aryl-5-alkylfurans. This tautomerization is impossible for N-acylindoles. The high acidic stability of 2-(5-tert-butyl-2-furyl)indoles supports this conclusion.


Objective To explore the protective effect of tripchlorolide(T4) on the hippocampal neurons of the Alzheimer's disease(AD) rat model and its possible mechanism. Methods Dorsal hippocampus microinjection of 10 μg aggregated beta-amyloid(Aβ)25-35 was performed by stereotaxic technique to establish the rat model of AD. Rats were divided into 5 groups: normal group, sham operation group, model group, T4 low dose(5 μg/kg)group, T4 high dose(20 μg/kg)group. The expression of nuclear factor(NF)-κB was detected by Western blot. The levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-1β were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was evaluated by Tunel staining. Results The expression of NF-κB,the TNF-α and IL-1β level in T4 group were significantly lower than those in model group. The apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in T4 groups decreased significantly compared with model group(P0.05). The T4 high dose group was especially significant(P0.01). Conclusions T4 had obvious protective effect on hippocampal neurons of AD model rat, and the mechanism may be due to decreasing the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β by inhibiting NF-κB activation.


Many books and pamphlets appeared in England during the 18th century on the trade of slaves between Africa and the Americas. John Hippisleys text on the populousness of Africa was published in 1764. Hippisley is known to have served during the 1750s as an officer of the Committee of the Company of Merchants Trading to Africa the successor to the Royal African Company at several of their forts on the Gold Coast of West Africa. Although his service was not continuous Hippisley survived to rise in the hierarchy and be appointed on March 1 1776 Governor of Cape Coast Castle the premier English fort on the Gold Coast. He died within 1 year of taking the post. Hippisley favored individuals freedom to trade with Africa especially given the ample supply of slaves. While aware of the evils of the slave trade he nonetheless regarded the trade as necessary and acceptable. Hippisley engaged qualitatively and intuitively on aspects of Africas population at a time when much of the thinking on population in Europe was immature and divided. His thoughts on the capacity of Africas population to sustain itself despite the removal of substantial numbers to the Americas have some accordance with a more recent estimation of the impact of the slave trade.


ABSTRACT: The recently burgeoning phenomenon of search and reunion by adult adoptees and their birth families has uncovered fascinating information. During the author's doctoral research, reunited parents and children related uncanny coincidences that occurred during the years of their separation (e.g., dreaming of one's child in specific danger, naming a later child by the unknown name of the firstborn, knowing the day of a mother's death, vacationing in the same location, making identical purchases, and beginning to search at the same time). In this inquiry, synchronicity as an acausal principle of the unconscious organizing of archetypes (Jung) or as a unifying correlation by affinity (Kammerer) may be balanced with causality: the psychology of separation and loss reactions; prenatal memory; identity and the loss of self; a system in need of information; the architecture of developmental behavioral genetics; and cognitive meaning-making from numinous experience. The psychological impact of separation and loss by closed, secret adoption has been delineated in recent research as lifelong and pervasive in both adoptees and birthparents (Anderson, 1987; Brodzinsky & Schechter, 1990; Kirschner & Nagel, 1988; Millen & Roll, 1985; Sorosky, Baran, & Pannor, 1989; Verrier, 1987). Psychological and experiential factors relating to the decision to search for a lost child or parent and the therapeutic nature of the search and reunion process have been studied (Adelberg, 1986; Andersen, 1989; Dudrear, 1991; Gediman & Brown, 1989; Silverman, et al., 1988). The impact of reunion is often described as connection and completion of a broken Gestalt, or the recovery of a missing part of one's self. After their initial contact, reunited families begin to piece together the years that have intervened since their early postpartum separation. They may discover mutual physical characteristics, creative abilities, emotional styles, personal mannerisms, and idiosyncrasies. Particularly surprising are the recall, recognition, and validation of incidents of fantasy, intuition, and synchronicity that suggest a continuance of the prenatal bond, a psychic nexus that transcends space and time (Gediman & Brown, 1989; Miller-Havens, 1990; Rillera, 1991; Stiffler, 1991). Example: I am an adoptee who found some of my maternal family 10 years ago. My birthmother was deceased by the time I found them. One of the first things I asked was, "When did she die?" I could not wait to go home to see if I had written a recognition of it in my journal. The dates were indeed the same. I remember that day very well, and I wrote in my journal, "I feel someone close to me has died." IS THERE CONNECTION BY DESIGN? What is the nature of the anomalistic phenomena reported as uncanny coincidences, somehow marked in the mind and realized as significant 20 or 40 years later, at reunion? Do these experiences hint at a form of extrasensory communication, divine guidance, or a connecting genetic program far more intricate than yet unraveled by imaginative scientists? What is, in fact, the extent of the mother-child bond? the father-child bond? Is a continuing psychic connection strictly genetic? One might explain similar occupations, clothing preferences, and the trait of shyness, for example, on the basis of genetic research and studies of twins reared apart (Bouchard, 1984; Bouchard, et al., 1990). We know that preference for certain music and speech has a prenatal-memory component (DeCasper, 1985; DeCasper & Fifer, 1980; Panneton, 1985), and that babies remember their birth (Chamberlain, 1988). But from whence come the vivid dreams, the naming of an imaginary playmate, or the strange drawing toward a particular location? Carl Jung (1960) called this phenomenon "synchronicity." He believed it to be a subjective experience with significant timing and meaning for the participant, a clue to an underlying numinous system involving archetypes and the collective unconscious. …


Image fusion is performed by combining the data from the multiple spectrums i.e. red, blue, NIR and green, results in enhanced image. Each spectral band has specific features of the palm that collect more information to improve the accuracy and anti-spoofing capability of palm print systems. Principal component analysis (PCA) are used for image fusion line like pattern are most discriminative features in both visible and infrared hand images (principal lines and wrinkles for visible image and blood vessel for infrared image),Enhancing the image using image fusion technique to extract the correlative and complementary information of multispectral palm images Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm builds a fused image of several input palmprints as a weighted superposition of all input images. The resulting image contains enhanced information with improved resolution as compared to individual images. For this evaluation we have calculated quality metrics SSIM,MI, QI, Edge based parameter etc.


This research is to construct the workflow of using borehole shape deformation to determine the in-situ stress variations including the rotation of stress orientation and relative magnitude variations along depth. A variety of boreholes at the Bedretto Underground Laboratory for Geosciences (BULG) were studied in this research. The stress released after drilling caused the borehole deformation, and this deformation was measured by acoustic televiewer (ATV) logging. An actual borehole shape usually is not ideally elliptical. However, it can be fitted by the direct least square fitting method to determine the precise azimuth of its axis and the corresponding ratio between the short axis and long axis of the fitted ellipse. The azimuth variation of the deformed borehole infers the orientation change of the projection of in-situ stress on the borehole plane. The range of the azimuth of the fitted ellipse's long axis is mainly between 90  to 150  relative to the high side of the borehole, and several significant rotations of the ellipse's azimuth were also found in this research. The relative value of the maximum and minimum stress S max and S min can be derived from the borehole elliptical ratio. The fitted results are compared with the azimuth of breakout and the fracture density to verify their consistency. Abrupt changes of fitted azimuth were found at intervals with the presence of faults or at high fracture density zones, which are the major causes of geo-mechanical property's changes in a homogenous medium. ATV data with high quality is required to reflect the actual borehole shape and determine the final fitting results. The extrapolation of the stress orientation determined by ellipticity is appliable in zones without breakout presence along the whole borehole depth. With the elliptical fitting of the deformed borehole, this stress determination method can be implemented in its


Nuclear forces strongly break spin and spatial symmetries such as $S$, $L$, SU(3), and SU(4). However, calculations have previously revealed that quasi-dynamical symmetry holds, resulting in a relatively constant pattern of breaking within an excitation band. The authors use this to illuminate the change of structure in chromium isotopes as they undergo an abrupt change in the moment of inertia, also known as backbending.


B. I t shall hold a min imum of two meetings a mon th . C. I t shall send non-voting representatives to each meeting of ISC unless excused by the President. D. I t shall establish a residence which will house a minimum of five girls. E. I t shall form a constitution to be approved by ISC. F. I t shall establish the t raditional sorority insignia including crest pledge pin, and membership pin. G. I t shall uphold a 1 rules and regulations of ISC including the Consti tution and Rushing Code.


Swine influenza is an acute respiratory disease prevalent in pig-growing areas worldwide. In total, 518 gilt and sow serum samples and 14 litters (66 samples) of aborted fetuses from 37 farms (average of 14 serum samples per farm) in Gyeongbuk Province were collected between September 2010 and May 2011. All samples were examined for antibodies to swine influenza virus (SIV) H1N1 and H3N2 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The seropositive rates of gilt and sows were 59.8% (310/518) for SIV H1N1, 78.8% (408/518) for H3N2, and 55.6% (288/518) for both subtypes tested. The rate of aborted fetuses was 13.6% (9/66) for H1N1, 9.1% (6/66) for H3N2, and 9.1% for both subtypes. The seroprevalence for H1N1 in gilts and sows was 46.6% (69/148) and 65.1% (241/370), respectively, and that for H3N2 was 78.4% (116/148) and 78.9% (292/370), respectively.


This paper is concerned with the event‐triggered and guaranteed cost finite‐time H∞ control problem for uncertain switched linear systems with exogenous disturbance. Instead of one common strategy, multiple event‐triggering strategies are first proposed, ie, each subsystem possesses its own corresponding event‐triggering substrategy. Then, by utilizing the multiple Lyapunov functions and average dwell‐time method, sufficient conditions for the finite‐time boundedness with an H∞ performance level of the resulting event‐triggered switched closed‐loop system are derived. Meanwhile, a certain upper bound of the guaranteed cost function with respect to the system uncertainties is obtained. Subsequently, a set of sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities is given for solving the event‐triggered and guaranteed cost finite‐time H∞ state feedback controllers. Furthermore, the Zeno sampling behavior is excluded by presenting a positive lower bound estimation on the interexecution intervals. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Survey respondents assessed the risks of terrorist attacks and their consequences and were asked how their assessments changed from before September 11 to the present. This paper analyzes those current and recollected risk assessments. More than half of the respondents exhibited what we label "recollection bias": looking backward from 2002, 2003, or 2004, they reported that their forward‐looking risk assessments did not rise after September 11. However, government expenditures and policies and evidence from insurance markets suggest that there were major risk increases in estimated risks. Respondents were generally willing to support airplane passenger profiling when the time costs of alternative policies were great and were supportive of strengthened surveillance policies to address terrorism risks as well. However, individuals suffering from recollection bias are less supportive. We label as "recollection choice bias" a link between policy choices and recollection bias.


According to estimates by the Indian Beach Minerals Producers Association, the downstream rare-earth mineral industry could earn about 500 billion rupees ($7.71 billion) of foreign exchange if proper government support were provided. "Government policy on rare earth minerals has blocked the development of this sub-segment of the industrial minerals industry," a senior management member at industrial mineral supplier VV Minerals told Industrial Minerals on the condition of anonymity. [...]greater government attention to the development of industrial minerals and the provision of incentives could help the industry reach an export market worth 10 billion rupees per year by the end of the 2019-20 financial year, compared with 3 billion rupees in 2016-17.


A retrospective study was carried out on formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks of 50 out of 392 diagnosed cases of hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of C erb-B2 Proto-oncogene over-expression in hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of endometrium. The 5μ thick sections made and stained with H & E for review and diagnostic typing and grading of the cases. The immunohistochemical staining was done on sections using polycolonal rabbit anti erb-B2 ZYMED USA, and ZYMED 2 Generation Immunodetection system to observe oncoprotein over expression. The grades were distributed of erb-B2 over expression in selected cases of adenocarcinoma was 66%, 66.66% and 75% for grade I, II and grade III respectively. Key-words: C erb-B2 Proto-oncogen, adenocarcinoma, immunohistochemical staining, oncoprotein.


This paper reports on some recent developments in a software product that recognizes printed music notation. There are a number of computer systems available which assist in the task of printing music; however the full potential of these systems cannot be realized until the musical text has been entered into the computer. It is this problem that we address in this paper. The software we describe, which uses computationally inexpensive methods, is designed to analyze a music score, previously read by a flat bed scanner, and to extract the musical information that it contains. The paper discusses the methods used to recognize the musical text: these involve sampling the image at strategic points and using this information to estimate the musical symbol. It then discusses some hard problems that have been encountered during the course of the research; for example the recognition of chords and note clusters. It also reports on the progress that has been made in solving these problems and concludes with a discussion of work that needs to be undertaken over the next five years in order to transform this research prototype into a commercial product.


On 23 June 2015 the Polish Constitutional Tribunal issued the following judicial decision: "The provision of Article 79.1 (3b) of the Polish Act of 4 February 1994 on copyright and related rights1, in the way in which it entitles the right holder whose economic copyrights have been infringed to make request for remedy of the inflicted damage by payment, where the infringement is culpable, of triple the amount of the respective remuneration that would have been due as at the time of claiming it in exchange for the right holder's consent for the use of the work, shall be deemed unconstitutional as it is inconsistent with Article 64.1 and 2 in relation to Article 31.3 in relations to Article 2 of the Polish Constitution"2.


This article reviews production, utilization, and trading patterns of natural gas in the ASEAN region. Prospects and constraints for future development are also examined. Analysis shows that all ASEAN countries, except the Philippines and Singapore, are endowed with vast natural gas resources. ASEAN countries account for about 4 per cent of the estimated world reserves of natural gas. ASEAN's reserve life of gas is about 67 years at the present level of production. The share of natural gas in total energy consumption has increased significantly in recent years. The most dramatic use of natural gas is in the power sector. In future, domestic utilization is expected to increase in all ASEAN countries. The prospect for substituting fuel oil by natural gas especially in power generation is very high in the region. Exports from ASEAN countries are also expected to increase but at a slower rate. The oil price crash of 1986 brought a new pricing issue to the gas trade. The lesson learnt was that contracts for the gas trade should not be rigid.


This paper deals withaYIG delay linein the band from 900 up to 1 250 MHz by means ofavariablemagnetic device. The main advantage of such a method is the realisation of a set having limited required space with satisfactory devices. In part one, magnetostatic waves are definite mathematically. In part two, the characteristics of these waves are drawn up. In part three, the tests and the realisation of the delay line, are carried out. The conclusion brings back the main characteristics of the assembling and shows up the advantages and disadvantages of the method.


Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder of biliary copper excretion that results in the progressive accumulation of copper in various organs, such as the liver and brain, and in the cornea [1]. Among patients with Wilson disease, the age of onset and clinical presentation vary greatly [2-4]. Diagnosis may be difficult in the absence of typical symptoms and in asymptomatic siblings because all biochemical markers of impaired copper metabolism can be normal [5, 6]. However, early diagnosis is essential because lifelong treatment with copper chelating agents or oral zinc prevents brain damage and liver cirrhosis [7]. After the Wilson disease gene was mapped to chromosome 13q14.3, linkage analysis became available for preclinical testing [8]. This DNA-based diagnostic test can be done only in siblings of an index patient whose diagnosis was made according to phenotypic criteria and only if DNA from both parents is available. The detection of more than 50 different mutations in the Wilson disease gene (ATP7B) represents a significant step toward direct genetic diagnosis [9]. Most of these mutations occur in only a few families or patients. In contrast, the His 1069Gln mutation is far more frequent and is present in at least one third of patients of Northern or Eastern European origin who have Wilson disease [9, 10]. This point mutation (CA transversion in exon 14) results in a change from histidine to glutamine at amino acid position 1069. We developed a semi-nested, rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect the His1069Gln mutation and used it to determine the distribution of this mutation in 83 patients with Wilson disease and family members of homozygous patients in Austria. We then correlated the mutation status with clinical findings and liver histologic findings. Methods Patients Eighty-three patients with Wilson disease from 72 families were consecutively examined. Sixty-three patients received a diagnosis and were followed at the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Vienna, Austria; 7 were seen at the University Hospital of Innsbruck, Austria; and 3 were seen at the University Hospital of Graz, Austria. For these 73 patients, serial clinical data (including liver histologic findings, quantitative hepatic copper content, and results of electroencephalography and neurologic magnetic resonance studies) were available from the time of diagnosis and were collected over a 15-year period. Data on the remaining 10 patients were supplied by referring physicians. All families of index patients who were homozygous for the His1069Gln mutation were contacted for screening. Blood samples were collected from all living persons with Wilson disease and their parents, siblings, and more distant relatives (such as grandparents, uncles, and aunts). Wilson disease was diagnosed on the basis of typical symptoms, the presence of Kayser-Fleischer rings seen by slit lamp, and conventional biochemical indicators (low serum concentrations of copper and ceruloplasmin; elevated excretion of urinary copper during a 24-hour period; and, in most cases, increased levels of hepatic copper). Details of the molecular genetic analysis used to diagnose Wilson disease in one asymptomatic sibling have recently been reported [11]. Biochemical Analysis Serum ceruloplasmin levels (normal level, 200 to 600 mg/L) were measured by using radial immunodiffusion (NOR-Partigen Coeruloplasmin, Behring, Marburg, Germany). Levels of glutamate pyruvate aminotransferase, glutamate oxaloacetate aminotransferase, bilirubin, and -glutamyltranspeptidase were measured by using standard methods. Copper content (normal level < 50 g/g dry weight) in dried liver tissue was determined by flame atomic-absorption spectroscopy according to the method described by Kingston and Jassie [12]. Liver Histologic Analysis Liver biopsy specimens were evaluated in a blinded manner by an experienced pathologist using both a conventional descriptive diagnosis (chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, steatosis, and fibrosis) and Scheuer's classification system [13]. All biopsy specimens were obtained at diagnosis before the start of treatment. DNA Analysis High-molecular-weight DNA was isolated from whole peripheral blood or lysed mononuclear cells according to standard procedures. Using the intronic primers 3348 and 3349 as previously described [14], we did PCR to amplify exon 14 (the location of the His1069Gln mutation) of the Wilson disease gene from samples of 100 to 200 ng of genomic DNA. The reactions were done in a total volume of 50 L that contained 2 mmol of MgCl2 per L, 200-mol concentrations of each deoxynucleoside triphosphate per L, 50 pmol of each primer, and 0.15 U of Dynazyme-DNA Polymerase (Finnzymes, Espoo, Finland). Thirty-three amplification cycles were performed in a Perkin-Elmer 2400 thermocycler (Foster City, California). Each cycle consisted of denaturation at 94 C for 20 seconds, annealing at 58 C for 30 seconds, and extension at 72 C for 25 seconds. After completion of the first PCR test, the resulting product of 337 base pairs (representing exon 14 of the Wilson disease gene) was used as a template for the second PCR test, in which the mismatch primer MUT 1070 = 5 TGCGCAGGCCAGCAGTGAGC3 (mismatch in italics) and the complementary intronic primer 3348 from the exon amplification were used. In this second test, a restriction site is created in wild-type DNA but not in the mutated chromosome. This difference can be used to detect the mutation by digesting the product of this reaction for 2 hours with the restriction enzyme BsiHKA I under the buffer and temperature conditions recommended by the manufacturer (New England Biolabs, Beverly, Massachusetts). The digested samples were then subjected to electrophoresis through a 9% nondenaturing polyacrylamid gel and stained with ethidium bromide. Fragments of DNA were photographed under ultraviolet transillumination. The mutation could then be detected by demonstration of a different migration velocity on the gel. The electrophoretic separation of the alleles after digestion of the PCR product allows the determination of the His1069Gln mutation status (Figure 1). Incomplete digestion of the primary PCR product by BsiHKA I was excluded by several control experiments. In each set of PCR reactions, DNA from known homozygotes, heterozygotes (healthy carriers), compound heterozygotes (persons with symptomatic Wilson disease), and healthy controls was amplified and digested simultaneously under identical reaction conditions. The reliability of this method was also tested in a group of 30 healthy controls. Figure 1. Separation of alleles after digestion with the restriction enzyme BsiHKA I. Statistical Analysis Data on age, symptoms, and liver biopsy findings at presentation were analyzed in the index patients only. An unpaired Student t-test or chi-square test was used to calculate the significance levels of 2 2 contingency tables. A P value of 0.05 or less was considered significant. In most cases, 95% CIs are provided for the ratios of proportions of the number of women and neurologic symptoms and for the mean differences of age at symptom onset and age at diagnosis [15]. Data are given as the mean SD unless otherwise noted. We used SIGMA STAT Statistical Software, Version 1.0 (Jandel Scientific Corp., San Rafael, California). Results Twenty index patients (including 5 siblings) were homozygous for the His1069Gln mutation, and 33 (including 4 siblings) were compound heterozygotes. The mutation was not detected in 30 patients (including 2 siblings); these patients were classified as having other mutations. Thus, the His1069Gln mutation was present in 61% of the Austrian patients with Wilson disease in our study. Important differences were seen among the three groups. First, patients who were homozygous for the His1069Gln mutation were older at the time of symptom onset (24 6 years of age) than were compound heterozygotes (17 6 years [CI, 3.3 to 10.7 years]; P = 0.0135) and patients with other mutations (18 8 years [CI, 1.8 to 10.2 years]; P = 0.117) (Figure 2). No homozygote younger than 16 years of age presented with symptoms. Second, sex distribution differed markedly for the three groups; 73.3% of homozygotes were women compared with 48% of heterozygotes (CI, 0.94% to 2.46%) and 50% of patients with other mutations (CI, 0.91% to 2.37%) (P = 0.05). Finally, homozygotes had neurologic symptoms more frequently (73.3%) than did heterozygotes (37.9% [CI, 0.1% to 3.4%]) and patients with other mutations (35.7% [CI, 1.1% to 3.7%]). Figure 2. Correlation of genotype with age at symptom onset. Liver biopsy findings did not differ significantly among the three groups, but liver disease was less severe in homozygotes. Liver biopsy results were available for 20 homozygotes (7 with cirrhosis, 6 with chronic hepatitis, and 7 with steatosis or fibrosis), 27 heterozygotes (8 with cirrhosis, 12 with chronic hepatitis, and 7 with steatosis or fibrosis), and 23 patients with other mutations (12 with cirrhosis, 5 with chronic hepatitis, and 6 with steatosis or fibrosis). Symptomatic liver disease was diagnosed in 7 homozygotes (46.7%), 18 compound heterozygotes (62%), and 18 patients with other mutations (64.3%). Liver copper content was assayed in 15 homozygotes (770 153 g/g), 13 heterozygotes (1051 207 g/g), and 16 patients with other mutations (1119 343 g/g). The three groups did not differ significantly for symptomatic liver disease or hepatic copper content. Table 1 shows the clinical characteristics of patients who were homozygous for the His1069Gln mutation. Seven patients presented with liver disease; in two, diagnosis was delayed for many years and was only made when neurologic symptoms occurred. Eight patients presented with neurologic or psychiatric disorders such as tremor, ataxia, dysarthria, and depression. Patient 1 initially presented with liver


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of intravenous infusion isosorbide mononitrate in treatment of angina pectoris.Methods In our hospital 76 cases of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease patients as the research object,it will be randomly divided into observation group and control group,respectively,by intravenous injection of isosorbide mononitrate and intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin compared treatment,curative effect observation.Results The total effective rate in the observation group was 94.7%,the total efficiency of control group was 78.9%,compared with two groups of curative effect,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of intravenous infusion isosorbide mononitrate in treatment of angina pectoris was good with better absorption,high bioavailability,lasting effect and fewer adverse reactions,which was worthy of clinical use.


An ethical effects-reasoning matrix (ERM) is proposed as a device to broaden ethics sensitivity by encouraging students to examine ethical decisions from various perspectives. The framework is designed to help students appreciate the wide range of ethical approaches that may be expected from multiple stakeholders in any business decisions.


House price is closely related to everyone's life, and it is affected by many factors. House price prediction is an important research point for that it can help people to make strategies about house dealing. There are many existing researches about house price prediction. However, existing studies cannot make a comprehensive comparison and analysis of popular housing price forecasting methods. This paper uses five popular machine learning and in-depth learning approaches to predict house prices and evaluate the models. Our methods include Linear Regression (LR), Bayesian, Backpropagation neural network (BP neural network), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Deep Neural Network (DNN). The dataset we used is from the Kaggle platform. Experimental results show that Bayesian, Backpropagation neural networks, and SVM are more suitable for house price prediction.


Railway embankment construction in permafrost will substantially disturb the heat and the mass transfer balance between the ground surface and the atmosphere and cause redistribution of temperature field underneath.Some test sections in Qingshuihe have been monitored for three years and the deformation and temperature data are analyzed to study the difference of the temperature field between the southern and the northern slopes of the embankment in permafrost region on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its effect on the deformation and the stability of permafrost embankment.Research findings show that the temperature field of the southern and northern embankment slope is asymmetrical in space and asynchronous in time.The 0 ℃ line drops down more rapidly in southern slope than in northern slope of the embankment during August and September.And it is more rapid in the freezing course of both surface and deep layer in northern slope than in southern slope in October.It is also different in thaw settlement of the two opposite embankment shoulders.It brings more thaw settlement in the surface layer of the southern embankment shoulder.As time goes on,it also becomes asymmetry in thaw settlement in deep layer of the two opposite embankment shoulders and this trend is developed.Although it has passed three thawing and freezing cycle,the temperature and deformation fields are not stable yet and the asymmetry trend is developed.


The gastrointestinal tract is characterized by an extensive and elaborate intrinsic nervous system, i.e., the enteric nervous system (ENS) (1). It extends from the oesophagus to the sphincter ani internus and includes the nervous elements within the walls of the gallbladder, the cystic duct, the common bile duct and the pancreas. Because of the high number of neurons (10) and the aforementioned structural and functional characteristics re ecting certain parallels with the central nervous system, the ENS is called the brain of the gut (2). Interestingly, most of the enteric neurons are not directly innervated by pre-ganglionic input from the brain or spinal cord. The ENS can be regarded as a fully independent part of the autonomous nervous system, which includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. Located in close proximity to intestinal effector systems, the ENS controls motility (3, 4), exocrine, endocrine and paracrine secretion (5), and is involved in the regulation of microcirculation, absorption (6) and gut sensation (7, 8). The ENS also seems to have an effect on immune and in ammatory processes of the gut (9). This modulating function during in ammatory processes appears to be mediated in parts by neurotrophic factors.


Dicalcium silicate (C2S) is an important clinker mineral in Portland and belite-calcium sulfoaluminate cement. However, there is still a lack of information on the local degree of silicate polymerization and calcium coordination in C2S hydration products. This study aimed to fill this gap by characterizing the hydration of two C2S polymorphs, the β- and α′H- types, using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy coupled with ptychographic imaging. The results showed that the coordination of the Ca species in β- and α′H-C2S had a distorted, cubic-like symmetry, whereas the Ca coordination of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), the main hydration product, was structurally similar to that of tobermorite. The outer hydration product (Op) of both polymorphs exhibited an increasing degree of silicate polymerization over time. The inner hydration product (Ip) of β-C2S polymerized slower than Op; however, the degree of silicate polymerization of both Ip and Op in the α′H-C2S hydration system was comparable. The polyme...


This paper argues that an agent's moral obligations are necessarily connected to her desires. In doing so I will demonstrate that such a view is less revisionary—and more in line with our common-sense views on morality—than philosophers have previously taken it to be. You can hold a desire-based view of moral normativity, I argue, without being (e.g.) a moral relativist or error theorist about morality. I'll make this argument by showing how two important features of an objective morality are compatible with such a desire-based account: 1) morality's authoritative nature, 2) our ability to condemn immoral agents.


Late hospital phase ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction (MI) have been associated with a high incidence of sudden death following hospital discharge. Thirty-eight patients were studied 10-24 days following onset of symptoms of MI. Each patient had a 24-hour ambulatory ECG tape recording and left ventricular and coronary angiography performed. Patients with complicated ventricular arrhythmias (multiform, coupled, R on T VPCs or ventricular tachycardia), when compared to those with uncomplicated ventricular arrhythmias (unifocal or no VPCs), had a greater number of proximally narrowed major coronary arteries (P < 0.001), a higher coronary "score" (P < 0.001), a greater incidence of previous myocardial infarction (P < 0.005), a greater percentage of abnormal left ventricular segments 86% vs 69% (P < 0.001) and lower ejection fractions. These data suggest that late hospital phase survivors of Ml with complicated ventricular arrhythmias have more extensive coronary artery disease with greater left ventricular dysfunction than survivors with uncomplicated ventricular arrhythmias. This more extensive disease may result in increased areas of ischemic myocardium and may help explain the refrac' toriness of these arrhythmias to pharmacologic therapy.


The article discusses the subject of light duty vehicles exhaust emissions in real driving conditions and their connection with fuel consumption. Tests were carried out in the Poznan agglomeration area on roads with various speed limits. The driver was to drive the same distance first driving in an aggressive manner than normally. Emissions of the following compounds were measured using a SEMTECH analyzer by Sensors Inc.: hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide. As a result the tests allowed to evaluate the influence of the driving style on the exhaust emissions and refer it to the currently enforced Euro 6 standard.
Keywords: exhaust emission, driving style, RDE


The aim of this research paper is to analyze the Romanian health care system in the context of European Union, highlighting the differences in terms of life quality and resource allocation. The results show that although improvement has been noticed in the past years regarding life expectancy of the population, it can be mainly explained by an increase in the income of the population, one of the significant factors that predicts the well being of the individuals, according to World Health Organization. Meanwhile, Romanian healthcare system continues to be underfinanced, placing Romania on the last place among EU countries. Moreover, data show that Romania lacks medical personnel, while the discharges of hospital inpatients are above EU average. These are the signs of a poor human resource management and the effects can be seen looking at the high number of personnel leaving the system. In this context, the dominant organizational culture found in hospitals, along with the corresponding values, play a significant role in the quality of services given to population. The research found, using the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument, that the dominant culture in the sample is hierarchical, confirming the initial hypothesis. The analysis of the data also reveals that the preferred culture is still hierarchical, followed by market and clan. However, there are some differences between the actual organizational culture and the preferred one, so some policies could be chanced so the employees would be more engaged in the decision making process. This would in turned make them feel more valued and this will develop, in turn, a higher involvement in their work and it will also increase the cohesion of the organization, around its main values and behaviors. In the lack of a health care financing at least similar to EU average, the organization culture can be a valuable instrument to foster higher quality of the services offered to the population.


A peripheral and central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. Doxapram hydrochloride stimulates respiration by an action on chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries and, at increased dosage, stimulates central respiratory centers in the medulla as well as other parts of the brain and spinal cord. This results in an increased tidal volume and a slightly increased respiratory rate. Doxapram hydrochloride may also improve cardiac output probably due to an increased release of catecholamines. This respiratory stimulant is used in postanesthesia respiratory depression.


Purpose of the study: Cementless stems completely coated with hydroxyapatite have confirmed long-term stability with 25 years follow-up for the oldest models (Furlong, Corail). Different bearings do not all have the same stability because of polyethylene wear debris. Unipolar replacements with a stable femoral implant raise the issue of changing the head on a used morse cone. Can a new alumina head be positioned on an old morse cone or must a metal head be used to avoid the risk of alumina fracture? Material and methods: From 1993 to 2005, among the 228 revision hip prostheses in our centre, we reviewed retrospectively 79 unipolar replacements with implantation of a new ceramic head on a stable femoral implant (Corail). The other replacements were bipolar for 113 and unipolar with a metal head in 36. The reasons for the replacement were cup loosening (n=68), major polyethylene wear (n=11). Mean age was 71 years, 42 men for 37 women, mean time to reoperation 11 years (range 7–15). The stability of the femoral stem was examined on the intraoperative x-ray. The head was extracted with a mechanical extractor and the morse cone was protected throughout the operation. The quality of the titanium cone (12/14) was assessed visually as recommended by P. Hernigou (RCO 2003). Acceptable deterioration: intact cone or aspect of corrosion. Unacceptable deterioration: inclined cone, impacted cone, cone with wide truncation. A new alumina head was implanted on the cleaned, dry cone. The cup was replaced with a screwed socket (Tropic, Spirofit) and 64 polyethylene inserts for 15 alumina inserts. Results: Sixty-one patients were reviewed. Seventeen patients died with no incident concerning the prosthesis; one patient was lost to follow-up. Mean follow-up since revision was nine years (range 2–15). Three cups were changed: two for recurrent dislocation and one for early migration, with a new head replacement. There were no head fractures and no cases of head decoaptation. Conclusion: Although we have not had any incidents in this series, reimplantation of a new alumina head on an old morse code is not recommended by the manufacturers; but it is not prohibited if the cone is not macroscopically worn and remains clean and dry at reimplantation of the head. We now use alumina heads with an integrated 12/14 titanium sleeve. These sleeves need to be validated in the long term, but at the present time allow us to use large heads and an alumina-alumina bearing.


Properties of plasminogen activator (PA) from heart, kidney, lung and plasma euglobulin of the pig and pig kidney cell culture were compared with the properties of PA from human heart, lung, urinary urokinase (UK) and human kidney cell culture (Abbokinase, AK). The isoelectric points of PA's were in the pi range of 7.0-7.8, except for UK and AK which had higher pI, 8.8-9.2 for the major forms. Mol. Wt. estimation by gel filtration revealed all PA, except AK, to have Mol. Wt. 48,000-54,000 with additional low Mol. Wt. forms of 25,500 and 36,000 for pig kidney cell culture PA and UK respectively. A single 35,500 form was seen for AK. Antiserum prepared against highly purified pig heart activator quenched the PA activity of pig heart, kidney, lung and euglobulin, but was inactive against pig kidney cell culture PA and UK. While pig heart PA is a poor activator of purified plasminogen and hydrolyzes AGLME poorly, pig kidney cell culture PA, UK and AK rapidly activate plasminogen and have high AGLME hydrolysis activity. A cofactor for pig heart PA (E.R. Cole, 1977, Blood 50: 262) which markedly accelerates plasminogen activation by pig heart PA, does not increase plasminogen activation by pig kidney cell culture PA, UK, AK or pig euglobulin and is instead slightly inhibitory. This data suggest that PA extracted from tissues is primarily in an inactive form, has little plasminogen activation and AGLME hydrolysis activity and is sensitive to cofactor due to unfolding of the PA with exposure of the active site. The urinary and cell culture forms of PA, in contrast, are released from cells in the active form, are insensitive to cofactor and have high plasminogen activation and AGLME hydrolysis activities.


We present the clinical case study of a 22-year-old patient, who comes to the doctor's office, due to initially painful and pruritic erythematous lesions in the region of her anterior thorax, which begin in her sternum surrounding the lower part of her breast right until you reach your posterior thorax without passing the midline in your dorsal region. The cephalocaudal physical examination showed multiple vesicles grouped in the shape of a cluster of grapes on an erythematous background, located on the right side of the thorax and disseminated to the dorsal region, for which a herpes zoster was diagnosed as a medical diagnosis and after a survey through the functional patterns of Marjory Gordon it is defined that the patient has four pauses affected so that the following DISCONFORT nurse diagnosis is obtained evidenced by the symptoms associated with her pathology, she was indicated the opportune treatment and the lesions disappeared as well as the associated symptoms avoiding the possible complications


The Slump and the Streak No sport is more prone to slumps than baseball. Is it simply a matter of probability? Or is it all in the head? By Ian A. Stewart There was nothing out of the ordinary about the way Anthony Young, the New York Mets' 26-year-old starting pitcher, walked to the mound to begin the bottom of the sixth inning on May 6, 1992. There was nothing telling about the way he loosened up, pumping fastballs into his catcher's mitt. Even after Bip Roberts, the Cincinnati Reds' young second baseman, dug into the batter's box and after the umpire gave Young the nod to begin play, there were no clues, at least to the naked eye, to suggest Anthony Young's career was about to take a dramatic turn for the worse. Young, a lean, long-armed pitcher, came into the day with a record of two wins and no losses, including a complete-game, one-run gem in his first start of the season—a good sign for the Mets, who were expected to compete for the pennant. But suddenly, something went haywire. Young couldn't know it yet—the scope of what was about to happen wouldn't become clear for weeks—but he was about to etch his name into the game's history books. A three-run homer cost Young the Reds game. San Diego roughed him up next. Then the Dodgers got him. Three losses later, after a spectacular nine-run, first- inning collapse in Chicago, Young was moved to the bullpen. Young pitched in 43 more games that season, sometimes as a starter and often in relief, but over the next two years he never won another ballgame—giving him


In this paper, a technique for self-diagnosis devices of the sleep apnea symptoms (central and obstructed apnea) based on photoplethysmography (PPG) signal is presented. An umbrella term, Sleep apnea is a sleep-disordered breathing for several chronic conditions in which partial or complete cessation of breathing occurs many times throughout the night. A respiratory rate in this paper is extracted from photoplethysmography signals which is modulated by synchronized original breathing rhythm. This paper presents a new method for sleep apnea, central and obstructed experimentally, that recognize the irregular breathing using a features of respiratory rate based on frequency domain.


Fifty years ago, R.A.G. Savigear (1952) described a series of slope profiles in South Wales and, in so doing, produced one of the most widely quoted and beguiling papers in the history of geomorphology. It is one of the most frequently cited examples of space–time substitution: that is, the set of slope profiles in space may be regarded as demonstrating the pattern of slope evolution over time. The emphasis in Savigear 's paper is on the evolution of hillslope form over time, but process mechanisms and material properties are not neglected. Although there was only cursory examination of soil and slope deposits, Savigear was very unusual for the time in presenting 'precise measurements of slope forms derived from field survey' (Savigear, 1952: 31). It seems a pity that Savigear was apparently unaware of the publications of Arthur Strahler (1950, 1952), who was also busy making measurements of hillslope form. Strahler 's work, with its emphasis on quantification and the inclusion of statistical methods, is generally regarded as an important stimulus for the paradigm shift in geomorphology, from concentration on landscape evolution to a focus on process and form. It is notable, only 20 years after Savigear and Strahler published their findings, that Carson and Kirkby (1972) were able to bring out their landmark text Hillslope form and process, achieving for hillslope studies what Leopold, Wolman and Miller (1964) had managed for fluvial geomorphology. However, as Kuhn (1962) pointed out, a successful new paradigm must incorporate the old, and M.J. Kirkby (1984), in revisiting Savigear, demonstrates this to perfection. Using a computer simulation model firmly grounded in process mechanics, Kirkby is able to reproduce the Savigear sequence and to speculate more generally about patterns of slope development. In combination, Savigear (1952) and Kirkby (1984) provide a unique geomorphological perspective that has far wider significance than the history of slope evolution in one small area of the South Wales coastline. Progress in Physical Geography 27,4 (2003) pp. 581–595


This chapter describes the issues surrounding quality of life in the palliative setting and explores how difficult it is to evaluate somebody else's quality of life as it is so individualized. QoL has been used as a marker for research studies which has not always been a useful concept. Different measures occupy a continuum from highly standardized econometric methods, such as time-trade off and standard gamble, to individualized global measures. Each has its supporters, each involves different assumptions about the nature and interpretation of HRQoL, and each has advantages and disadvantages. The research literature is now so vast and the available measures so numerous that it can be very confusing for anyone new to the field.


The use of computing artefacts for collaboration is problematic since the artefacts often are designed mainly for individual purposes. We identify some sources of intrusion on the collaborative task imposed by the trends towards more and more computer dense environments and we put forward some general design principles to diminish them. Based on these principles we have designed a non-intrusive system for the delivery of notifications. A prototype of the system is presented where we explore different design aspects of the output terminals, such as personal vs. public and in focus vs. peripheral.


The business community has greatly stepped up its political involvement. But the fragmented form of that involvement—in which each business interest lobbies separately for its own parochial goals—has meant a free‐for‐all in which business's collective interests have been the real loser. If it is to avoid the self‐defeating consequences of much of today's lobbying, business must find a way of strengthening its collective institutions, such as the Business Roundtable, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the Business‐Industrial Political Action Committee, and the Committee on Economic Development.


In order to select the asphalt binder which can satisfy the technology requirement of province expressway asphalt pavement,three kinds of basis bitumen and three types of modified bitumen are compared and analyzed on the basis of convention test and SHRP test respectively. Various asphalt use performance are also analyzed. Research result shows that it is scientific and reasonable that optimizing and selecting the type of asphalt binder through PG distinction standard and convention test.


The resonant properties of several small planar space-filling fractal antennas are considered over a range of self-resonant frequencies. These space-filling antennas have differing geometries and total wire length, but occupy the same planar area. The resonant properties considered include radiation resistance, efficiency, and quality factor. It is demonstrated that the resonant properties of these antennas are essentially the same, independent of significant differences in antenna geometry and total wire length.


This research elaborates on the Islamic integralism and local cultures, focusing on the relevance of philosophy of Lampung culture for the development of Pesawaran. Cultural philosophical approach is used to explain problems that have to be understood and realized in daily life. The methods used are participatory observation, in-depth interview, and document study. Qualitative analysis of philosophy is used to interpret and compare and correlate theory with the processed and applied data. This research reveals that the Islamic integralism and the philosophical values of local cultures are contained in Lampung culture, having been the facts and works of the actors. Thus, Piil Pasenggiri as philosophy of life has grown up in the society as 'local genius' and 'local wisdom' of the nation, useful for regional development. Keywords: Islamic integralism, local culture, Piil Pesenggiri, regional development.


Comparison between theoretical and experimental values of configuration dependent properties of polymers is used to estimate the values of the conformational energies associated with the rotational states of molecular chains. It is shown that the critical interpretation of the configurational properties of the polymers obtained by cationic polymerization of heterocycles, may be an useful tool to elucidate the ring-opening mechanisms. The influence of the molecular flexibility in both the glass transition temperature and melting temperature of polymers is discussed in terms of the configurational entropy.


The authors classify licensing application procedures in Japan as factors that comprise procedures including application documents and attachments, and have developed an application procedure ontology that defines the reference relationship among each factor at the level of items described or listed in documents. In addition, a method to derive acceptance or rejection of item transcription in One-stop application procedures as well as work steps through inference was reviewed by utilizing the application procedure ontology. Consequently, if specific items in attachments are in the reference relationship with other relevant application documents, it was found to be possible to make an inference that item transcription is possible through the mediation of such attachments, by using the reference relationship defined by this application procedure ontology. By determining the work priority based on the referenced number among instances, visualization of overall workflow of application work was made possible in regards to the One-stop application combined with the range selected by an applicant. Key-Words: Application Procedure Ontology, One-Stop Application, Online Application, Workflow, Application Support, e-Government


Abstract: This study aims to describe the potential of Gadgets as a medium for learning biology. Teachers and students still lack the use of technology-based learning media such as the use of Gadgets. The research method that we use is the study of literature, namely by looking for literature and references sourced from scientific journals, books and direct observations. The gadget has the function of communication, information, education and entertainment. the advantage of using gadgets as learning media is that gadgets are practical, flexible, have diverse reference sources, and can understand material in the form of digital text. Gadged can overcome the difficulties that teachers often experience in explaining certain materials in biology. The use of this gadget will provide direct learning experience for students so that the lessons are not too abstract, more interesting and can foster learning interest and motivation. Keywords: Learning Media, Gadgets, biology learning


This brief essay is a critique of Glenn Reynold's paper "Libel in the Blogosphere: Some Preliminary Thoughts." I conclude that Reynolds's proposal to treat defamatory internet and blog speech as slander, while well-intentioned, would have a devastating impact on defamation victim' ability to recover due to the interplay between Reynold's proposal and Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act.


In this paper we consider a special case of the stationary magnetohydrodynamics equations. With the hypercomplex operator calculus we present a quaternionic reformulation and propose a new solution strategy to compute the pressure, the velocity and the magnetic field of this system in annular domains.


The purpose of this subject was the determination of the activity of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, using a colorimetric method to permit to establish standards of activity of glutamic pyruvic transaminaso in spermatozoa for study of their metabolic behaviour in different physiological and experimental conditions.Thus, the activity of GPT was determined in forty samples of semen from eight Mantiqueira bulls. The results showed that the method employed had good reproductibility and the variation coefficients wfthin of the normal limits. It was conclued that this method may be recommended for the establishment of the enzimatic standard in spermatozoa of bulls.


Interactions of the high frequency modes with high frequency parasitics of the sensor and actuator dynamics occur when large feedback gains are used. Such phenomena are investigated in this paper. Simple asymptotic expressions that characterize the effects of the actuator-sensor parasitics are presented.


Geometric constraint problem is equivalent to the problem of solving a set of nonlinear equations substantially. The constraint problem can be transformed to an optimization problem. PSO is an evolution computing method. It searches the solution space by creating a better next swarm. The new swarm is produced based on the new individuals. Memory particle swarm algorithm is a PSO algorithm that adds a memory influence. We introduce MPSO into geometric constraint solving. The purpose of the added memory feature is to maintain spread and therefore diversity by providing individual specific alternate target points to be used at times instead of the current local best position. The experiment indicates that the algorithm is effective.


Summary Refraction seismic data has been conventionally processed for traveltime analysis for the purpose of resolving the near-surface velocity structures. In this study I present a refraction wavefield imaging approach that can migrate refractions from multiple refractors automatically. The approach involves preprocessing each reciprocal shot gathers and generates a number of new gathers by two loops of correlations. Migrating the resulted gathers with overburden velocities just like reflection migration can image refractors in depth. This approach does not require picking reciprocal times, and it can be applied for both shallow near-surface structure imaging with conventional recording geometry and deep subsurface imaging with long-offset recording geometry.


In the current study, we suggest that phosphorylation reactions of specific proteins in mitochondria and the nucleus are a key step in the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To determine the molecular mechanism of AMD, we examined proteomic changes under oxidative stress to establish the protein interaction map using in vitro and in vivo models that mimic the complex and progressive characteris-tics of AMD. We postulated that apoptosis can be initiated by phosphorylation reactions under chronic oxidative stress in a region-specific and tissue-specific manner. The analysis of AMD interactome and oxidative biomarker network demonstrated that the presence of tissue- and region-dependent post-translational mechanisms may contribute toward AMD progression through the mitochondrial-nuclear communication. The AMD interactome suggests that new therapeutic targets, including prohibitin, erythropoietin, vitronectin, crystalline, nitric oxide synthase, ubiquitin, and complement inhibition may exist as a proteome network. Further, immunocytochemistry demonstrated that mitochondria could enter the nucleus in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) under oxidative stress. The current interactome map implies that a positive correlation may exist between oxidative stress-mediated phosphorylation and AMD progression. The unbiased proteome network provides a basis for understanding oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in AMD and exploring effective therapeutic approaches to treat age-related neurodegeneration. target plate. It was analyzed through matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (Bruker Ultraflex MALDI-TOF-TOF Mass spectrometer) in a reflector mode. Mass spectra and tandem mass spectra were acquired manually with laser intensity at 2400 and 200 shots per spectrum in MS mode and laser intensity at 3800 and 400 shots in MS/MS mode. The spectra were analyzed using Flex analysis 2.0 and Biotools 2.2 software. Peptide mass was calibrated internally using two trypsin auto digest ions (m/z 842.509, m/z 2211.104). Protein identification was performed using Mascot software to search the National Center for Biotechnology Information database with mouse taxonomy. A missed trypsin cleavage was not allowed and 100 ppm of mass tolerance was applied for the search for the matching peptide. Based on our proteomics data, we tested the following anti-apoptotic or anti-angiogenic molecules: (1) prohibitin (anti-apoptotic mitochondrial-nuclear shuttle); (2) erythropoietin as an anti-apoptotic protein via JAK2/STAT3 pathway; (3) melatonin as an anti-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic molecule protecting cytoskeletal reorganization through PP2A/vimentin pathway; (4) okadaic acid, arginine, and SNAP to control nitric oxide concentration; (5) cardiolipin and cholesterol; (6) anthocyanin (anti-angiogenic via VEGFR2 pathway); (7) phospholipids, fatty acids, cyclodextrin to control lipids and cholesterol concentration.


Aim:  Branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation improves hypoalbuminemia in decompensated cirrhotics. Recently, it was clarified that the ratio of oxidized albumin within total albumin rises with progression of liver cirrhosis. We conducted a feasibility study to investigate whether BCAA supplementation might improve this ratio.


23 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in 2012. Recently the MERS24 CoV receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) was identified and the specific interaction of the receptor25 binding domain (RBD) of MERS-CoV spike protein and DPP4 was determined by crystallography. 26 Animal studies identified rhesus macaques but not hamsters, ferrets or mice to be susceptible for MERS27 CoV. Here we investigated the role of DPP4 in this observed species tropism. Cell lines of human and 28 non-human primate origin were permissive of MERS-CoV, whereas hamster, ferret or mouse cell lines 29 were not, despite presence of DPP4. Expression of human DPP4 in non-susceptible BHK and ferret cells 30 enabled MERS-CoV replication, whereas expression of hamster or ferret DPP4 did not. Modeling the 31 binding energies of MERS-CoV spike protein RBD to DPP4 of human (susceptible) or hamster (non32 susceptible) identified five amino acid residues involved in the DPP4-RBD interaction. Expression of 33 hamster DPP4 containing the five human DPP4 amino acids rendered BHK cells susceptible to MERS34 CoV, whereas expression of human DPP4 containing the five hamster DPP4 amino acids did not. Using 35 the same approach, the potential of MERS-CoV to utilize the DPP4s of common Middle Eastern livestock 36 was investigated. Modeling of the DPP4 MERS-CoV RBD interaction predicted the ability of MERS37 CoV to bind the DPP4s of camel, goat, cow and sheep. Expression of the DPP4s of these species on BHK 38 cells supported MERS-CoV replication. This suggests, together with the abundant DPP4 presence in the 39 respiratory tract, that these species might be able to function as a MERS-CoV intermediate reservoir. 40 41 Importance 42 The ongoing outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has caused 184 43 laboratory confirmed cases to date, with 80 fatalities. Although bats and dromedary camels have been 44 identified as potential MERS-CoV hosts, the virus has so far not been isolated from any species other 45 than humans. The inability of MERS-CoV to infect commonly used animal models such as hamster, mice 46 and ferrets, indicates the presence of a species barrier. We show that the MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 plays 47 a pivotal role in the observed species tropism of MERS-CoV and subsequently identified the amino acids 48 in DPP4 responsible for this restriction. Using a combined modeling and experimental approach we 49 predict that based on the ability of MERS-CoV to utilize the DPP4 of common Middle East livestock 50 species, such as camels, goats, sheep and cows, these form a potential MERS-CoV intermediate host 51 reservoir species. 52 53 Introduction 54 55 The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first identified in 2012 in a patient 56 from Saudi-Arabia (1). To date, 496 laboratory confirmed cases have been reported in eight different 57 countries, with an estimated 20-25% case fatality rate (2). MERS-CoV is a positive strand RNA virus 58 belonging to the C lineage within the Betacoronavirus genus and is genetically closely related to 59 coronavirus sequences obtained from insectivorous bats originating from Europe, Asia, Africa and the 60 Middle East (1, 3-5). The detection of MERS-CoV neutralizing antibodies as well as the recovery of viral 61 sequences and virus in dromedary camels across the countries of the Middle East suggests the potential 62 involvement of an intermediate reservoir in the emergence of MERS-CoV in humans (6-10). 63 Phylogenetic analysis of MERS-CoV genomes obtained from 43 human cases in Saudi Arabia suggests 64 the occurrence of multiple zoonotic spill-over events (11, 12). 65 Similarly to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), another Betacoronavirus 66 which caused the SARS pandemic, MERS-CoV appears to primarily target the lower respiratory tract 67 causing acute respiratory distress in severe human cases (2, 13, 14). However, in contrast to SARS-CoV, 68 which uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its cellular host receptor (15), MERS-CoV 69 utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, also known as CD26) (16). Interaction of the receptor binding 70 domain (RBD) of the MERS-CoV spike protein with DPP4 initiates attachment to the host cell and 71 subsequent virus internalization. The RBD was mapped to be a 231 amino acid region in the S1 subunit of 72 the spike protein (17). DPP4 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein, involved in cleavage of dipeptides 73 and degradation of incretins (18). DPP4 is widely expressed in different tissues, such as lungs and kidney 74 and the cells of the immune system, although a detailed description of DPP4 expression in the human 75 respiratory tract and kidney is currently not available. DPP4 is relatively conserved between mammalian 76 species, allowing the MERS-CoV spike protein to bind to both bat and human DPP4 (16, 18). 77 In vitro studies using a variety of different primary and immortalized cell lines reported a broad tropism 78 of MERS-CoV (19-22). Most cell lines with a human-, bat-, non-human primateor swine-origin were 79 found to be susceptible to infection with MERS-CoV. In contrast, cell lines originating from mice, 80 hamsters, dogs and cats were not susceptible to MERS-CoV infection (16, 19). In vitro data on the 81 species tropism of MERS-CoV appears to correlate with the in vivo host restriction of MERS-CoV; 82 rhesus macaques can be experimentally infected with MERS-CoV, whereas inoculation of other 83 commonly used animal models such as the Syrian hamster, mouse or ferret did not result in efficient viral 84 replication (23-27). Recent studies suggest that DPP4 plays an important role in the non-susceptibility of 85 the mouse and ferret to MERS-CoV (28-30). 86 Here, we investigated the host species restriction of MERS-CoV and the role of the DPP4 receptor in this 87 observed species tropism. Differences in DPP4 between MERS-CoV permissive and non-permissive 88 species were identified to be responsible for the ability of DPP4 to function as the MERS-CoV receptor. 89 90 Materials and methods 91 92 Biosafety statement 93 All infectious work with MERS-CoV was performed in a high containment facility at the Rocky 94 Mountain Laboratories (RML), Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and 95 Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH). The work was approved by the RML 96 Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) at biosafety level 3 (BSL3). 97 98


The security and cost of fossil reserves and the negative environmental impacts associated with their use are driving the replacement of our current economy, based on fossil reserves, with a new economy, based on renewable biological resources. The emerging bioeconomy offers a sustainable alternative for the production of energy, chemicals, materials and transportation fuels from biorenewable feedstocks. In the bioeconomy, biorefineries will process biomass into a range of value‐added bioproducts. This is analogous to today's oil refineries which produce multiple fuels and products from mineral oil. Worldwide progress in biorefinery development is occurring rapidly with a number of countries providing well‐funded public/private programmes to help ensure development of a competitive bioeconomy. The Bioscience for Business Knowledge Transfer Network (KTN) has highlighted the current lack of a coordinated UK initiative in this area and is establishing a major new industry‐led programme, the Integrated Biorefining Technologies Initiative (IBTI). IBTI is a product development partnership consisting of leading industries working together and with the UK Government to define the research and development and demonstration needs of biorefineries for industrial production. Strategic problem‐solving research will focus on diverse renewable raw material feedstocks and the essential conversion technologies necessary to realize their full economic potential. IBTI will help to underpin UK progress in developing a competitive bioeconomy that will be a key to sustainable industrial progress and economic growth in the coming century. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the importance of breastfeeding in preterm infants with various gestational ages.

METHODS
A total of 639 preterm infants with a gestational age of 28+3-36+6 weeks were enrolled, and according to the feeding pattern, they were divided into exclusive breastfeeding group (n=237) and formula milk feeding group (fed with liquid milk for preterm infants; n=402). These two feeding patterns were compared in terms of their effects on weight gain, laboratory markers including albumin (Alb) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), incidence rate of feeding intolerance, and incidence rates of complications including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

RESULTS
Compared with the formula milk feeding group, the breastfeeding group had a significantly faster increase in body weight, a significantly lower incidence rate of NEC, a significantly higher ALP level, and a significantly lower Alb level in the preterm infants with a gestational age of 28-30 weeks (P<0.05); there were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence rates of anemia, ROP, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and nosocomial infection and length of hospital stay (P>0.05). For the preterm infants with a gestational age of 31-33 weeks, the breastfeeding group had a significantly faster increase in body weight, a significantly lower incidence rate of feeding intolerance, a significantly shorter length of hospital stay, and a significantly higher ALP level (P<0.05); there were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence rates of NEC, anemia, ROP, BPD, and nosocomial infection and the Alb level (P>0.05). For the preterm infants with a gestational age of 34-36 weeks, there were no significant differences in these indices between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Breastfeeding plays an important role in increasing body weight, reducing the incidence rates of feeding intolerance and NEC, and shortening the length of hospital stay in preterm infants with a gestational age of 28-33 weeks.


The paper analyzed grape yield and production in th e climate year 2009 (Experimental) compared to the year 2007 (Control) at Bujoru Research and Development Station or Viticulture and Vinification. The experiments were carried out on 11 vine types (Feteasc ă alb ă, Feteasc ă regal ă, Aligote´, Șarba, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Babeasc ă neagr ă, Feteasc ă neagr ă, Chasselas dore´, Hamburg Muscat and Coarn ă negr ă sele ționată).The Index Method, Gain Method, Share Method, Comparison Method, Point Method have shown the evolution and importance of 22 climate factors and their influence on grape yield and production. As 2009 was an excessively dry year, grape production was higher than in 2007, but less than the one registered in 2008. As the Eastern Romania is deeply affected by climate change, viticulturists should monitory climate factors i n order to achieve the expected economic performance in Vine plantations.


From the government's perspective, an electronic tender or e-tendering system in the procurement of goods and services in Indonesia is a platform to acknowledge good governance and public services since it enhances cost efficiency, effectiveness, shorter turnaround periods, delivers excellent public monitoring, fosters competitiveness, and increases government accountability. Nevertheless, numerous tenders have managed to fail during the implementation of e-tendering for construction works. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that contribute to tender failures throughout the Surabaya City area. The factors that contributed to the tender's failure were identified from the results of the 220 construction tenders stated on the LPSE website. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to obtain factors that cause e-tender failures from the data obtained. Administrative, technical, price, and qualification criteria are the most dominant four failure criteria. The most apparent cause for auction failure is the provider's inability to attach references to previous projects.


Strengths-based approaches generally conceptualize strengths in two distinct ways. First, assets, resources, and abilities that can be used to assist in helping an individual to continue to develop. Accordingly, strengths are used as building blocks for service planning and programme development. Second, sorne strengths can be developed or enhanced. Consequently, changes in the availability of various assets, resources, and abilities for an individual can be viewed as a service delivery outcome. In working with oIder persons, the strengths-based approaches can prove to be extremely useful in view of the fact that most elderly have an enormous repertoire of knowledge, practice wisdom and a wide range of skill sets and by and large, helping professionals approach the whole issue of working with the elderly from a perspective of dealing with dependency and burden of care associated with it. Particularly; social work interventions, in order to be effective, need to be offered from the standpoint of strengths-based approach rather than other paternalistic models of care. There is a strong .emphasis of the 'elderly as a resource' perspective in the field of ageing and various international bodies such as the United Nations have been advocating this paradigm shift among all stakeholders including the older persons themselves. Almost all nations have included this as an important aspect in their national policies and programmes for the elderly the most significant ones being China's National Programme on Ageing and India's National Policy for Older Persons. The authors examine the relevance of strengths-based approaches to social work practice with oIder persons ftom a global perspective, provide strategies for social work interventions and discuss the challenges for the profession.


Heat treatments of Zao Zhuang and Upper Freeport coals were carried out in several hydrogen-donating solvents at 175-300 °C under N 2 atmosphere. Retrogressive reaction of the coal, i.e., the decrease of carbon disulfide-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone mixed solvent soluble fraction, compared with that originally existed in the raw coal, was observed in tetralin even at temperature as low as 175 °C, while in 9,10-dihydroanthracene or 1,4,5,8,9,10-hexahydroanthracene, which are much stronger hydrogen donors than tetralin, dissolution reactions, i.e., the increase of the mixed solvent soluble fraction, was observed at 175-300 °C. The quantity of hydrogen transferred from the solvent to the coal was found to be well correlated with the extent of the dissolution reactions, and spin concentration in coal components decreased after the dissolution reactions suggesting that the hydrogen donation to coal radicals from the solvent occurs during the heat treatment


spread activity (Laroche and Ramananarivo 1995; Conand et al. 1997; Rasolofonirina and Conand 1998; McVean et al. 2005) and natural populations are currently overexploited (Conand 1998; Conand et al. 1997). In 1999, a sea cucumber mariculture project was launched in Madagascar (Jangoux et al. 2001). The work was funded by the Belgian University Corporation for Development (CUD) and the Malagasy government. It involved the universities of Brussels and Mons (Belgium) and the Malagasy University of Toliara (Jangoux et al. 2001). Initial work consisted of building a sea cucumber hatchery on the grounds of the Toliara Marine Sciences Institution (IHSM). The hatchery was functional in 2003 and currently produces tens of thousands of juveniles of the valuable sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Its main section consists of a 120 m2 air-conditioned building, containing six rooms for growing seaweed, rearing larvae, caring for genitors, and undertaking microscopic and computer analyses. The hatchery's aquaria are connected to a saltwater pumping station, whose reservoir fills up at high tide and whose water pours into a 30 m3 settling pond. Decanted water is then cleaned by repeated filtration before being used in the larval rearing tanks.


Purpose: Breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) has been a major concern in patients with history of breast augmentation. Rarely is periimplant breast swelling, pain and lymphadenopathy associated with other types of ALCL. Here we describe a unique case of systemic CD30 positive ALK-1 negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) causing pain and swelling around a textured breast implant


Purpose – This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of organizational commitment, personal cost and ethical environment on the intention to do whistleblowing on the State Civil Apparatus of the Makassar City Education Office.
Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a quantitative approach. The data used is primary data. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression.
Findings – The result of this study shows that organizational commitment and personal cost has no impact against the whistleblowing intention, meanwhile ethical environtment has impact against the whistleblowing intention.
Originality – Collecting data in this study through questionnaires and conducted on 40 respondents who were civil servant of Makassar Educational Authorities.
Keywords: Ethical Environtment, Organizational Commitment, Personal Cost, Whistleblowing Intention
Paper Type Research Result


This chapter assesses ecological catastrophes. It is very easy to link ecological problems such as global warming and population growth to the downfall of societies. There is a substantial historical and archaeological record of civilizations that have collapsed because of ecological problems. However, ecological writers note that not all environmental threats are lethal. They represent a challenge to a society. If the government, the technological system, or the economy of a society remains functional, even dire environmental threats can be addressed. In the environmental literature, the jargonistic term for such adaptation is "ecological modernization." Ultimately, where the ecological threats are truly dangerous, it is because they undercut the capacity of a society to cooperate and work together.


A new Internet resource which implies a new conception of web pages and sites seems to spell a revolution in the existing idea of service www provides in relation to its configuration and usage. However, what is most relevant is not the radical change in concept it carries, but the shift it provokes in users and usage. In particular, it is bound to happen in the personal sphere of professional users, of individuals as elements of the internet communities and of teaches as memebers of the teaching or research communities.

From our perspective, as professionals and users of open and distance education supported in digital networks, weblogs are meant to have a leading role as hosts of learning communities in the field of training resources in the internet, paving the way for the creation of new and different learning environments. Actually, they are already a fact in certain cases, as we will later read.

For its relevance, we are including two translated and adapted articles, based on originals written by Chris Ashley on this topic and its impact on the Interactive University- University of California-Berkeley. Interactive University Project (http//:iu.berkeley.edu)


A wearable antenna which is meant to be a part of the clothing used for communication purposes includes tracking, navigation and mobile computing has been seen in demand due to the recent miniaturization of wireless devices. Printing of conductive ink provides flexibility properties on electronics thus allowing it to be used on conformal surfaces. However, the current printing techniques mostly suffer from ink incompatibility and limited of substrates to be printed with. Hence, this paper intend to discloses the printing of wearable antenna using alternative technique via syringe-based deposition system with conductive ink on textile. A validation between simulation and measurement of return loss, (S 11 ) and radiation pattern of the antenna printed is also performed. It was found that a functional antenna is successfully printed on textile since the performances obtained are as expected. The antenna resonated at a minimum resonant frequency of 1.82 GHz which the S 11 gathered at-18.90 dB. The radiation pattern for both simulation and measurement is as predicted since both have a larger magnitude of the main lobe than the side lobe. The magnitude of the main lobe from measurement was observed to be 8.83 dB higher than the magnitude of the main lobe of the simulation which is only 3.77 dB. It is proven that the syringe-based deposition system is capable of printing functional antenna on textile.


In most case rescue robots are expected to search survivors by locomoting over or through rubbishing environment. However, the inspection through the rubbish is a complex task, since the passage is narrow and rugged. This paper proposes a new method to aid the locomotion through narrow and rugged space by building a passageway. An inspector is inserted into the narrow space, and it builds a spiral tunnel, which can be used by other rescue robots. The necessary mechanisms are analyzed for the constitution of a spiral tunnel. The authors have built a prototype of such inspector, and experiments showed the basic motion of the inspector building the spiral tunnel.


An in vitro dissolution test method is described and 42 lots of commercial phenobarbital tablets produced by 24 manufacturers were evaluated by means of the test. Thirteen lots of tablets showed incomplete dissolution within 30 min., six of which failed to release 100 percent of the drug in 1 hr. The dissolution rate data are compared with those obtained by the USP XVII tablet disintegration procedure. No correlation existed between the two tests.


Because of growing environmentalism along with the population, the issues arises about sustainability, availability and also reliability of energy and especially renewable energy. It has been demonstrated that the power generation using renewables is much more effective but it is more difficult to get the efficiency and reliability. The DV photovoltaic systems devices seem to have a strong growth in technicality as well as in the price over time and are ready for implementation into the high level infrastructure. In spite of the fact that all renewables are scattered, integrating them all in one umbrella for the sake of sustainability and reliability is a difficult task. Transceivers link to elder ages, whereas distribution channels tie towards newer connections. Hence, in this paper we analyze some of the issues that might occur while integrating certain tools as well as potential fixes in order to achieve high level of reliability.


This paper aims to clear up the relation of national discourse and scientific discourse about 'blood'. Blood is natural thing. But it has the connotation of nation; nation is the people of one blood. But the relation of blood and nation can be possible by ideology. The ideology is nationalism. By the way the scientific discourse of blood was considered that it has no connotation and ideology. But national discourse of blood was supported by scientific discourse and the latter was directed by the former. In 1930's combine of two discourses was tight. The claimants of pure blood has adopted the science of blood. It was about blood type. The scientist(doctor) of blood asserted the relation of blood and individual temperament. And they asserted the relation of blood and national temperament. The Korean novelist who wrote in Japanese had interested in blood. The blood was the biggest obstacle of unification of Korean and Japanese. But they describe blood as their unreducible nationality(Han Seol-ya) or universality(Lee Hyo-seok).


The quality and the correctness of software has a great concern in computer systems. Formal verification tools can used to provide a confidence that a software design is free from certain errors. This paper surveys tools that accomplish automatic software verification to detect programming errors or prove their absence. The two tools considered are tools that based on Hoare logic namely, the KeY-Hoare and Hoare Advanced Homework Assistant (HAHA). A detailed example on these tools is provided, underlining their differences when applied to practical problems.


The suggested project contains an attempt to assimilate as a tourist route the part of North Moscow region territory with lots of historical and cultural places. The author gives the name of the project the Pearl ring of North Moscow Region. The territory is limited the Sergiev-Possad and Pushkino regions with the center line from the State Tyutchev Memorial estate «Mouranovo» (or as it is called «the house of two poets») through the State art, historical and literary museum «Abramtsevo» till the Pokrov monastery. The author writes about some places of the region with remarks and commentaries in historical and cultural aspects. It contains historical events, connected with Moscow region, and country estate culture from the 19 th cent. till nowdays.


Cattell's 16PF Questionnaire was completed by 441 male and 55 female Anglican clergy who attended residential ministry workshops over a period of ten years. A number of factors showed evidence of gender reversal. Contrary to the published norm expectations, female clergy were less outgoing, more assertive, more venturesome, less apprehensive, more socially controlled and less tense than male clergy. These findings are discussed in the light of clergy ministry. Suggestions are made for further research.


The last edition of the Egyptian Code of Loads (ECOL) was released by the end of year 2008. The seismic provisions in this edition are almost completely different compared with those in the 1993 edition while some specific changes are presented relative to the 2003 edition. The major significant changes in the seismic provisions revealed in the different editions are reviewed. The effect of the variation in these provisions between the different editions of the ECOL on the level of seismic protection presented by the code calculated base shear is analyzed and discussed. The analyzed provisions include seismic zones and mapping, period equations, soil site conditions, building importance factor, and ductility level. These provisions are applied to two types of structures which are moment resisting frames (MRF) and dual system consists of shear wall-moment resisting frames (SW-MRF). The considered height of buildings covers almost all code permitted range of heights. It is found that the provisions in the 1993 edition yield base shear much less than the values obtained using 2008 edition especially for low to medium height buildings located in medium and high seismic zones.


This article responds to "Reanalysis: Are coups good for democracy?" (Miller MK (2016) Reanalysis: Are coups good for democracy? Research and Politics 3(4): ) We make clear to readers that Miller (2016) re-reports findings that we originally reported in the Appendix to our original article. We then discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different estimators and re-state Miller's main point with a visual presentation of how regime-case and country fixed effects estimators differ in this application.


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By positing a rather general stochastic model of price change, I shall deduce a fairly sweeping theorem in which next-period's price differences are shown to be uncorrelated with (if not completely independent of) previous period's price differences. This martingale property of zero expected capital gain will then be replaced by the slightly more general case of a constant mean percentage gain per unit time.


Bernie Mayer, Ph.D., author of four books related to conflict engagement joined Bryan Hanson, Michael Miller, and William Leggio to discuss the relationship between a leader's ability to transform complex environments and the leader's capacity to engage constructively with conflict. Throughout the interview, Dr. Mayer shared concepts from his two most recent books, Staying with Conflict and The Conflict Paradox. Among the many important takeaways for current and aspiring leaders, Dr. Mayer emphasized the importance of: recognizing the enduring nature of conflict, the roots to the conflict that emerges within organizations, the influence cultural and power dynamics have on conflict, and the understanding that conflict is actually healthy for an organization. The video of this interview can be found at,  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=psxIoPRBx3Y


The article is devoted to major sources of utopia in the modern conditions of society virtualization. The author draws attention to the effectiveness of the study of this problem based on the simulacrum concept, according to which virtual reality appears as the organized space of simulacra, utopia is in turn defined as simulation of social reality. Then the joint roots of virtual reality and a modern utopia are opened