Whole wheat flour breads, white breads and biscuits were stored in flexible packages flushed with either air, 100% nitrogen or 100% carbon dioxide. Compressibility tests were performed during a storage time of 13 - 15 days for bread and 7 - 15 days for biscuits. Significantly lower regression coefficients (P < 0.01) were found for white and whole wheat breads and biscuits stored in carbon dioxide modified atmosphere than for the air stored samples. No significant differences were found between regression coefficients of air and nitrogen stored bread samples. Mold growth was inhibited on breads and biscuits by carbon dioxide atmosphere during 13 - 15 days of storage, but occured between the 5th and 7th day of storage on the air packaged samples.


poyoptimalization process of the test stand of subatmospheric press were discussed. The results, obtained in this way, are presented as electronic maps, tabular listing, charts and graphs. The proposed methodology of research is practically used to place orders for the needs of industry producing agricultural machines and devices, building industry and defense industry.


The characteristics of calcification in biocomposite are studied by adopting the molecular-level approaches such as X-ray, NMR, Zeta potential and analysis of secondary structure of organic matrix. The compositional and conformational features of organic matrix have a great influence on the structural properties (crystallite size, surface charge, stability, binding state, and polymorphic change). On the other hand, in synthetic calcium salts, the noticeable properties are not shown. From these results, the organic matrix by controlling specific peptide blocks is another key point for understanding of manifold morphology and superior biocomposite properties.


Vaccinations are biological substances used to stimulate the body's immune system to develop immunity against certain pathogens. Vaccines are the most common methods used to prevent the widespread infection of diseases. Today, there are several vaccines used to prevent and control the spread of diseases such as the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, influenza (flu) vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccination. The use of vaccines has been acknowledged as the reason for the eradication of smallpox and the reduction of certain diseases such as measles, tetanus and polio. In the late 1700s, it was Edward Jenner who discovered the small pox vaccination, as many other scientists, such as the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur struggled to find a cure for small pox.


This bachelor thesis is focused on the creation, realization and evaluation of the project entitled: Educational offer of educational activities in forest kindergarten. Bachelor thesis is theoretical-application. The theoretical part deals with a summary of retrospective and perspective knowledge about educational opportunities in forest kindergartens. In the practical part there is prepared a project for educational activities in kindergartens for preschool children, which is subsequently implemented in selected forest kindergarten.


Uptake of Active System Management (ASM) has been slow despite increasing evidence of the potential benefits that it can bring to water decision makers.

ASM has been in various stages of implementation for a number of years, with a number of utilities (water companies) performing pilot studies to assess their benefits. However, the slowness in the uptake of ASM techniques is the result of a number of 'blockers', including, limited awareness of the potential benefits, the perception that its implementation is complex and risky, the perceived cost of its implementation, and the data requirements for the system.

While coming from a UK perspective this paper will address typical blockers, using illustrations of available ASM techniques and examples of their use and demonstrate their applicability in a global context. It will describe a road map explaining the development process for ASM, which can be applied to help address a range of operational problems and customer requirements. The paper will present a balanced view of the available tools for system development. Data requirements will be discussed, in considering the types of observed and forecast data needed to support ASM, and the methods of enabling reliable and high quality live data feeds.

A significant advantage of ASM is its trend for using continuous and spatial rainfall records rather than using design rainfall when developing system models. Continuous rainfall records permit a better understanding of the catchment as they allow for antecedent conditions to be used as well as acknowledging that a defined return period event does not necessarily sit in isolation from other events; spatial rainfall data present a clear picture of the variability of rainfall across the catchment. ASM models are implicitly continuous simulations with each forecast run saving a state that it used to initialise subsequent forecast runs.

Some examples that demonstrate the key applications and benefits of ASM will be presented (including real cases studies in countries like USA, UK, Malaysia and China): Forecasting and mitigation of CSOs; Forecasting and mitigation of flooding (for both urban and rural catchments); Safe management of multi-purpose spaces (which will be flooding during extreme events); Water resources applications (Flow forecasting systems for dam releases); Managing flows to WWTW through better use of inherent network capacity rather than costly development of new infrastructure; Identifying locations where system performance is suboptimal, such as blockages, sedimentation, and cross connections.

This presentation will argue that actively managing systems in this way can offer significant positive operational, financial, environmental, customer service and planning outcomes.


Abstract Random and systematic errors affect navigation satellite observations on both pseudo-range and carrier phase. These errors are originated at satellites, propagation path and receivers. This study focuses on the GNSS receiver internal delay determination resulting from the receiver's electronics circuit. The characterisation of the delay in the GNSS geodetic receivers is essential to enhance the accuracy for the time transfer and time comparisons as part of GNSS integrity chain determinations. The purpose of GNSS receiver internal delay at the National Institute of Metrology (Thailand), NIMT, is to estimate the characteristics and performances of the GNSS geodetic receiver used for international time comparisons. The experiments are simultaneously observed GNSS satellites by a GPS and a GNSS receivers and two separate antennas with short baseline (around 6 metres), where both receivers are connected to the identical external caesium frequency standard maintained as time and frequency standard of Thailand. The GPS receiver is well-defined for its receiver internal delay on the pseudo-range observation of C1, through comparisons using an internationally recognised method, while the geodetic GNSS receiver is to be defined on its receiver internal delay. These experiment observations started from 26 December 2017 to 17 January 2018 at NIMT, Pathumthani, Thailand. The determined unknowns are receiver position, receiver clock offset, tropospheric delay through the geodetic technique of static Precise Point Positioning observations with Bernese GNSS software version 5.2. Later the receiver internal delay of NIMT is computed and analysed. The receiver internal delay on GPS C1 code is successfully characterised, resulted as 346.0 nanoseconds as of this experiment.


The case involved a 53-year-old woman there was a previous history of undergoing a right mastectomy (t1, n0) in 1983. After a disease-free interval of 10 years and 4 months, her back pain becarne worse in October 1993 and she was diagnosed as having multiple bone metastasis (without other metastases) by a bone scintigram at another hospital in May 1994. Thereafter her symptoms were gradually getting worse and eventually she could not leave bed (PS-4) in October of the same yean the patient was admitted to the hospital when C-PTHrP was as high as 66.6.pmol/L and hypercalcemia (Ca level of 15.2mg/dl) was confirmed. After admission a combination chemotherapy with bisphosphonate, duxorubicin, 5 FU, CPA, and MPA was conducted and a change in the bone metastasis picture from osteolytic to sclerotic response was observed with normalization in plasma caicium level. Eventually bone metastaticfoci disappeared. The patient has been strictly followed up on an ambulant basis in PS-O, as of about 17 months after the treatment. This paper descibes this case with a review of the literature.


This paper presents a probabilistic threat assessment of vehicle states using wireless communications for application to integrated risk management system. Since one of the main concerns in risk assessment is an assessment of collision risk, it is necessary to estimate the probability of collision occurrence of the ego vehicle which expresses driver sensitivity. Recent developments in vehicle onboard computers and wireless communications devices, also known as dedicated short-range communication (V2V) devices allow the exchange of information between vehicles (V2V communications). The prediction performance of the proposed method, which integrates V2V communications to conventional advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS), has been investigated via simulations using the commercial vehicle software Carsim and Matlab/Simulink. It is shown the threat assessment performance for the given driving situations can be significantly enhanced by the proposed algorithm. This leads to improvement of conventional driver assistance functions of ADASs.


. In this paper, a new algorithm for mining frequent connected subgraphs called gRed (graph Candidate Reduction Miner) is presented. This algorithm is based on the gSpan algorithm proposed by Yan and Jan. In this method, the mining process is optimized introducing new heuristics to reduce the number of candidates. The performance of gRed is compared against two of the most popular and efficient algorithms available in the literature (gSpan and Gaston). The experimentation on real world databases shows the performance of our proposal overcoming gSpan, and achieving better performance than Gaston for low minimal support when databases are large.


The earlier detection of melanomas occurring within preexisting nevi is theoretically possible using sequential dermoscopy. Characterizing the early follow‐up changes of nevus‐associated melanomas (NAMs) and differentiating them from those observed in de novo melanomas (DNMs) may help the earlier recognition of NAMs.


Characterization is important in breeding program and developing superior varieties of jatropha.  Jatropha characterization can be analyzed based on its morphological and agronomical characteristics.  In this study, a molecular marker, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), was applied for cluster analysis.  This study was aimed at analyzing character and similarity of 30 jatropha germplasms of SBRC-IPB collection. Results showed that 30 jatropha accessions have high character variability.  Dendogram of RAPD marker showed that at 33% similarity level, the 30 jatropha accessions could be classified into three main groups.  It was also shown that Papua and China accessions had similarity levels higher than 80%.  Based on production characteristic identification, the potential accessions to be developed further included Palembang, Pontianak, Pidi, Palembang I, Pagar Alam, Medan, Curup, Lampung I, Lampung II, Komering, and Indralaya. Key words:  Jatropha curcas L., characterization, cluster analysis, morphological marker, RAPD marker


Some evidence suggests that bacterial vaginosis (BV), which is characterized by changes in vaginal flora (increased Gardnerella vaginalis and decreased


This study investigated the performance of rural local government institutions in Zimbabwe and the Beitbridge Rural District Council (BRDC) in particular, between 1993 and 2002. Specific focus was on the BRDC's effort to enhance democratic participation and empower local communities; its performance in providing services of a local nature; and the level of performance of its management in its bid to infuse and maintain ethos of institutional excellence in the council. Interviews, questionnaires and documentary search were used as instruments for collecting data of both a qualitative and quantitative nature. Consequently, the study does not draw polarity between quantitative and qualitative dimensions of research because of the need to derive benefits from both methodologies. The analysis of data followed a similar approach. The findings of this study are that there is no sufficient community participation in BRDC affairs. Although there is a platform for community participation in the form of VIDCOs and WADCOs, officials of these committees tend to dominate the planning process and consequently, plans reflect the decisions of a minority rather than a majority. Councilors only report back to communities when they feel like and council staff are not responsive to the communities they serve. Thus, the performance of the BRDC in enhancing community participation is below the expectations of communities and this has created a strained relationship University of Pretoria etd – Nsingo, S A M (2005)


To avoid cost computation, the traditional simulation of mold temperature during the injection molding is usually conducted in a cycle-averaged approach plus one-dimensional transient variation. Boundary element method isfrequent adopted as the major numerical scheme. In the present study, fully 3-D simulations of mold temperature variation based on both standard FEM in single CPU and VOF implemented in parallel computation scheme were executed for a lens mold embedded with heaters. Mold surface temperature distribution was measured by infrared thermal image system from which the temperature variations at interest locations can be obtained. Within steady state molding cycle, the predicted mold surface temperatures show a difference of 8 (cavity center), 6 (parting surface), and 18 (core cavity) after mold opening and part ejection. All simulations show quite precise predictions in accordance with experimental results.


Objective To investigate the relationship between interleukin-6(IL-6) and carotid atherosclerosis in patients.Methods 45 hemodialytic(HD) patients were divided into two groups according to the IL-6,The level of IL-6 were calculated by ELISA.Patient's carotid atherosclerosis parameters were attended by high-detected ultrasound.Results In one group with high level of IL-6 the risk of carotid atherosclerosis were greatly higher than the other group with lower level of IL-6.Conclusion IL-6 may he important parameters in the prediction of carotid atherosclerosis developing in HD patients.


A theory for electron transfer between a metal electrode and several redox species in a polar electrolyte is developed within the context of the Anderson–Newns Hamiltonian. Analytical expressions for the adiabatic ground state solvent free energy surfaces are derived, and it is shown how these expressions can be evaluated self-consistently. The shape of the adiabatic potential surfaces, and thus the thermodynamic and equilibrium rate characteristics of the electron transfer process, are shown to strongly depend on several key parameters. The effect of an external electric field on the free energy surface is also analyzed.


An introduction to population policy in Nepal is presented. The author first describes the country's population dynamics and how they led to the need for a population policy. The development of such policies over time is then described, with an emphasis on the multi-sectoral approach developed since 1983.


The invention provides a fluctuating wind velocity prediction method based on an artificial bee colony optimized least square support vector machine (LSSVM). The method comprises the steps of firstly, simulating and generating a fluctuating wind velocity time-histories sample at a vertical space point based on the ARMA numerical-simulation method, dividing the fluctuating wind velocity time-histories sample at the space point into two parts, namely a training set and a testing set, normalizing the two sets respectively, establishing a fluctuating wind velocity prediction model for an LSSVM, and enabling the prediction error of the model to be minimized through figuring out an optimal LSSVM model parameter combination based on the artificial bee colony algorithm. Meanwhile, the root-mean-square error, the coefficient of association, and the number of convergence are adopted as evaluation indexes. Moreover, a result obtained through the above method is compared with a result obtained through the LSSVM and particle swarm (PSO)-optimized PSO-LSSVM data driving technology.


Cosmic-ray nuclei fluxes are expected to be measured with high precision in the near future. For instance, high-quality data on the antiproton component could give important clues about the nature of the astronomical dark matter. A very good understanding of the different aspects of cosmic-ray propagation is therefore necessary. In this paper, we use cosmic-ray nuclei data to give constraints on the diffusion parameters. Propagation is studied with semianalytical solutions of a diffusion model, and we give new analytical solutions for radioactively produced species. Our model includes convection and reacceleration, as well as the standard energy losses. We perform a χ2 analysis over B/C data for a large number of configurations obtained by varying the relevant parameters of the diffusion model. A very good agreement with B/C data arises for a number of configurations, all of which are compatible with sub-Fe/Fe data. Different source spectra Q(E) and diffusion coefficients K(E) have been tried, but for both parameters only one form gives a good fit. Another important result is that models without convection or without reacceleration are excluded. We find that the various parameters, i.e., the diffusion coefficient normalization K0 and spectral index δ, the halo thickness L, the Alfvén velocity VA, and the convection velocity Vc are strongly correlated. We obtain limits on the spectral index δ of the diffusion coefficient, and in particular we exclude a Kolmogorov spectrum (δ = ).


This paper presents an implementation of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) in the Multi-Agent System (MAS). The proposed method is a trust measurement approach namely Certified Belief in Strength (CBS) for Extreme Learning Machine in Multi-Agent Systems (ELM-MAS-CBS). The CBS is applied on the individual agents of MAS, i.e., ELM neural network. The trust measurement is introduced to compute reputation and strength of the individual agents. Strong elements that are related to the ELM agents are assembled to form the trust management in which will be letting the CBS method to improve the performance in MAS. The efficacy of the ELM-MAS-CBS model is verified with several activation functions using benchmark datasets (i.e., Pima Indians Diabetes, Iris and Wine) and real world applications (i.e., circulating water systems and governor). The results show that the proposed ELM-MAS-CBS model is able to achieve better accuracy as compared with other approaches.


Background: Dementia is often complicated by manifestations of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Dutch guidelines recommend non-pharmaceutical psychosocial interventions as first-line treatment for neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, antipsychotics are very often prescribed as treatment for these symptoms. Prescribing antipsychotics is becoming highly controversial, because antipsychotics are associated with serious adverse events and the effectiveness is modest.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to understand the professional considerations in choosing a treatment for dementia patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms, by analysing the importance, according to elderly care physicians, of the factors related to choosing the treatment, by analysing the perceived performance of the treatment options, and by analysing the expected treatment choice.


Mr.Zheng Bingru and elucidation of the systems proposed "study and education" of the basic theory,and to this theory into practice,made more prominent achievements."study and education" of the basic theory and practice of education reform in China has the nature of innovation.Zheng of the basic theory,practice,and my character,spirit and way of thinking for the educators is extremely important inspiration and guidance.


If an offense subject to public prosecution has been committed a preliminary investigation shall be initiated and carried out in order to optain materials to make it possible for the prosecutor to decide on the prosecution issue. To assist the police and prosecutors to conduct an effective investigationt they have the option of using coercive measures. The coercive measures give police and prosecutors the right to use measures that violate a suspects constitutionally protected human rights and freedoms. Pre-trial detention is one such coercive measure and may only be undertaken in the aims and purposes of the law.
Several criteria must be met to allow a pre-trial detention of a suspect during a preliminary investigation. First and foremost, it has to be the question of an offense of a certain nature. Offences can result in lower penalties than imprisonment for one year can only lead to pre-trial detention in exceptional cases. The suspicion against the suspect must, as a rule achieve at least probable cause. In order for pre-trial detention to be permitted, it must in addition exist a risk that the suspect either deviates, hampers the crime investigation or persist in criminal activities.
The purpose of pre-trial detention is not made clear from the legislation. An interpretation of the aims underlying the grounds for detention is necessary to get an insight into what purposes that renders detention to be permitted. Since interpretation must take place, there is a risk that detention is used discretionary and for non legal purposes.
Pre-trial detention may sometimes play a crucial role in the realisation of the criminal process. Although the regulation is surrounded by a number of principles to protect the individual from unfair application of the law, the regulations around the pre-trial detention is largely considered to have the task off maintaining the effectiveness in combating crime.
Pre-trial detention allows implementation of the criminal law. Pre-trial detention can be said to play a more or less pronounced general and individual preventive function. Pre-trial detention is not a penalty and may not be used as a punishment. Since pre-trial detention sometimes is the only response of a criminal offense perceptible by the society it can fill a certain deterrent function. This effect of detention may not be used as a direct purpose of detention.
In order to strengthen the suspect's legal certainty during a detention througout the preliminary investigation, the legislation must more clearly point out what the purposes of the pre-trial detention are. The practitioner of the law must also accept the responsibility to better justify the grounds on which the detention decisions are made.


Introduction 1. Pragmatism, science, and moral inquiry 2. Political theory and moral responsibility 3. Moral inquiry within the bounds of politics: a question of victimhood 4. Moral confidence: three cheers for naturalized ethics 5. Fighting (over) words: speech, power, and the moral imagination in American history 6. 'Of the standard of moral taste': literary criticism as moral inquiry 7. The moral force field of Haitian Vodou 8. Snakes alive: resituating the moral in the study of religion 9. Social science and the moral revival: dilemmas and difficulties 10. Religion, morality, and other unmentionables: the revival of moral discourse in the law.


With the development of the communication technology and the network technology, the mobile network has gradually become the necessary application platform for people's work and life. So, the mobile device experiences a huge reform in communication mode and technologies. 3G and 4G technologies are closely associated with our life. Development of communication technologies brings more diversified exchange modes and more extensive information channels to us. However, the security problems caused by the technology reform are increasing dramatically. When the mobile devices conduct information interaction, how can the personal information be protected well? This problem is studied in this paper. This paper proposes the information security interaction design to enhance security when users interact with information via mobile devices based on the ubiquitous computing theory by combining the security mechanism of mobile de-


The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) -trifluoroethylene (TrFE) copolymers with molar compositions of 56:44, 70:30 and 80:20 VDF:TrFE have been studied. Ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transitions have been observed by measurement of dielectric constant as a function of temperature. The transition temperature increases from 70°C to 121°C with increasing VDF content. Optimisation of piezoelectric coefficient with respect to poling field, on thin (30-80 μm) solvent cast films, produces d31 = d32 values of 21 pCN-1 for the 56:44 VDF:TrFE copolymer, 17 pCN-1 for the 70:30 and 10 pCN-1 for the 80:20. The effect on the piezoelectric properties of ageing the films at 70°C for periods of up to 24 hours are reported and a comparison made between the properties of solvent-cast and pressed films. The potential of VDF:TrFE copolymers for piezoelectric applications is discussed.


Purpose
Higher education and universities have faced unprecedented and ubiquitous changes. The University of Tehran or "UT," as the leading university in Iran, is not immune to these changes. The purposes of this study is to investigate the current situation and future of the UT and gain insights and possible responses to changes that suit its strengths and potential to progress in an increasingly competitive, complex environment with uncertainties. It identifies deep fundamental underpinnings of the issue and highlights them for policymakers to formulate strategies and future vision of the UT.

Design/methodology/approach
Causal layered analysis (CLA) was applied as a framework and the data collected from different sources such as literature reviews, content analysis of rules, regulations and master plans of the university and coded interviews of four different groups of university stakeholders were analyzed. The current system of UT, as well as hidden beliefs, that maintains traditional perceptions about university was mapped. Next, by applying a new recursive process and reverse CLA order, new CLA layers extracted through an expert panel, the layers of CLA based on new metaphors to envision future of UT were backcasted.

Findings
The results from CLA layers including litany, system, worldview and metaphor about the current statue of UT show disinterest and inertia against changes, conservative, behind the times and traditional perceptions, and indicate that the UT system is mismatched to the needs of society and stakeholders in the future. The authors articulated alternative perspectives deconstructed from other worldviews so there are new narratives that reframe the issues at hand. The results show that to survive in this fast-paced revolution and competition in higher education, UT should develop scenarios and formulate new strategies.

Research limitations/implications
The authors had limited access to a wide range of stakeholders. As the UT is a very big university with so many faculties and departments, to access a pool of experts and top policymakers who were so busy and did not have time to interview inside and outside of university was very hard for the research team. The authors also had limitation to access the internal enactments and decisions of the trustee board of the UT and the financial balance sheets of the university.

Originality/value
In this paper, by mixing different methods of futures studies, the authors have shown how to move forward while understanding the perspectives of stakeholders about the future of UT by a new recursive process and reverse CLA order. A supplementary phase was added to improve CLA and to validate the method and results, which were ignored in previous studies.


A famous economist characterized recent years as the "age of turbulence," and although he was not specifically referring to the last few weeks when he titled his memoirs, the label still fits. With continuing weakness in the housing market, turmoil in financial markets from subprime mortgage difficulties, and the recent weakness in output and employment, economic observers are struggling to ascertain where the economy is headed. Should policymakers be worried about the economy slowing too much or about inflation getting out of hand?


In this work, we experimentally justify that the control of the mechanical stress induced during the deposition of sputtered amorphous magnetostrictive (Fe80Co20)80B20 allows a custom design of its magnetic properties. FeCoB multilayers have been sputtered on thermal oxide Si substrates with different buffer materials. The crystalline quality and the thermomechanical properties of the buffer layer influence both the coercive and the anisotropy field. Those buffer layers with both high rigidity and poor thermal conductivity do not allow the dissipation of energy of the incoming sputtered material. Therefore, the mechanical stresses related to the deposition process cannot be released, leading to magnetic layers with high easy-axis coercive field and low anisotropy field. This shows that the mechanical stresses accumulated during deposition are a key parameter for the control of coercivity.


Finite element-based meshing can discretise structures more accurately than the currently dominant FDTD method. This paper presents the dual-perforated FETD to perform faster simulation by reducing resolution


Hyperactive children were divided into three groups (electrodermal labiles, electrodermal stabiles, and a medium group which fell in between) on the basis of the frequency of spontaneous electrodermal activity. Subsequent tests on a paired associate learning task revealed that the stabiles and medium groups performed poorly when stimulus-response pairs were presented at a relatively slow rate, while for labiles there was no difference across rates. Treatment with stimulant medication abolished the differences across rates for the stabiles and the medium groups, but led to significantly more learning on the fast rate relative to the slow rate for labiles. While the placebo findings were consistent with a low arousal view of hyperactivity, the drug results suggested that stimulant medication corrects an imbalance in the mechanisms which govern sensitivity to task-related stimulation, but induces an imbalance where none is present on placebo.


Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is a key aspect in the performance enhancement of IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This paper investigates the SNR at the radio receiver of IEEE 802.15.4 for the different current draw parameters: transmit, receive, sleep and idle modes keeping other parameters like: initial energy and power supply same for all motes. This paper concludes that there is trade-off for the use of various motes at different types of devices in IEEE 802.15.4 WSNs if SNR is to be taken into consideration as a performance enhancement factor.


A small mass spectrometer utilizing a miniature field ionization source is now undergoing development. It is designed for use in a variety of applications in which there are requirements for a lightweight, low-power-consumption instrument that can analyze the masses of a wide variety of molecules and ions. The device can operate without need for a high-vacuum, carrier-gas feed radioactive ionizing source, or thermal ionizer. This mass spectrometer can operate either in the natural vacuum of outer space or on Earth at any ambient pressure below 50 torr (below about 6.7 kPa) - a partial vacuum that can easily be reached by use of a small sampling pump. This mass spectrometer also has a large dynamic range - from singly charged small gas ions to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments larger than 104 atomic mass units - with sensitivity adequate for detecting some molecules and ions at relative abundances of less than one part per billion. This instrument (see figure) includes a field ionizer integrated with a rotating-field mass spectrometer (RFMS). The field ionizer effects ionization of a type characterized as "soft" in the art because it does not fragment molecules or initiate avalanche arcing. What makes the "soft" ionization mode possible is that the distance between the ionizing electrodes is less than mean free path for ions at the maximum anticipated operating pressure, so that the ionizer always operates on the non-breakdown side of the applicable Paschen curve (a standard plot of breakdown potential on the ordinate and pressure electrode separation on the abscissa). The field ionizer in this instrument is fabricated by micromachining a submicron-thick membrane out of an electrically nonconductive substrate, coating the membrane on both sides to form electrodes, then micromachining small holes through the electrodes and membrane. Because of the submicron electrode separation, even a potential of only 1 V applied between the electrodes gives rise to an electric field with a strength of in excess of a megavolt per meter strong enough to ionize any gas molecules passing through the holes. An accelerator grid and an electrostatic deflector focus the ions from the field ionizer into the rotating-field cell of the RFMS. The potentials applied to the electrodes of the cell to generate the rotating electric field typically range from 1 to 13 V. The ions travel in well-defined helices within this cell, after which they are collected in a Faraday cup. The mass of most of the molecules reaching the Faraday cup decreases with increasing frequency of rotation of the electric field in the cell. Therefore, the frequency of rotation of the electric field is made to vary in order to scan through a desired range of ion masses: For example, lightweight gas molecules are scanned at frequencies in the megahertz range, while DNA and other large organic molecules are scanned at kilohertz frequencies.


Human resource management is included within an organisation for recruiting employees, guiding work procedures, providing training, and developing policies to motivate and satisfy employees for better productivity and profit. This study sheds light on the importance of human resource management to influence employee turnover and job satisfaction of the employees. The study provided an overview of the different factors which prove to have a dramatic influence on employee turnover and the job satisfaction of the workers. The strategies integrated by human resource management for the heightening such crucial aspects of employee turnover and job satisfaction was observed in the study.


Natural field infestations of Heterodera glycines race 3 in Boone (central Iowa) and Hancock (north central) counties were used to investigate the effect of the nematode on soybean growth and seed yields in a 2-yr study. Iron deficiency chlorosis, brown stem rot, and Phytophthora rot cause soybean seed yield losses annually in Iowa and may occur in H. glycines-infested fields. Soybean cultivars with known reactions to each disease were chosen, and two plots of each cultivar were planted per replication - one treated with aldicarb for H. glycines control, and the other not treated (.)


In contrast to many other genres of the classical Hollywood system, film noir has not gone out of fashion with a new generation of critics and students, although it certainly provides rich material for an unmasking of stereotypes along racial and gender lines.1 This power of survival under critical scrutiny could already be observed in the radicalization of film studies in the 1960s and 1970s in which film noir was submitted to a series of analyses in terms of male "visual pleasure" and the gaze, but remained a privileged object of study nevertheless, even for apparatus-theory and other approaches influenced by Lacan. The flow of publications setting in after a post-War generation of French cinéastes had described a particular set of American films as film noir, a term created in analogy to the series title of hard-boiled detective novels issued in France in the so-called série noire, has not subsided but gained renewed force in recent years.2 In addition to a long, ever growing list


ABSTRACT Mammary fibroadenomas (FAM) is the mammary gland benign tumor and has a high incidence rate in women aged 20-30 years. The purposes of this study are to assess the acute and subchronic toxicity of the herbs for FAM. The herb for FAM is a mixture of several simplisia (Curcuma zedoaria Rosch. rhizome; Loranthus parasiticus; Curcuma mangga Val. rhizome and Mammeria mimosa tuber) with a (10 g: 10 g: 5 g: 8 g: 7 g) ratio. Acute toxicity assay performed on the male and female Spraque-Dawley (SD) rats (aged 2-3 months with 200-250 g body weight). Forty-eight rats divided into four treatment groups (control group and three treatment groups of herbs for FAM). A decoction of herbs for FAM treated once a day orally. Toxicity clinical symptoms and lethal doses (LD50) observed for 7-14 days. Subchronic toxicity assay was also conducted in the male and female SD rats (aged 1.5-2 months with 150-200 g body weight). The three-dose series of herbs for FAM treated to the rats orally once daily for 90 days. The results of acute and subchronic toxicity assays found the quasi LD50 value of herbs for FAM is 5.000 mg/kg BW. This herb is safe for use in the medium term as an herbal medicine for FAM. Key words: FAM, acute, subchronic, toxicity assay


Kindergarten students (N = 95) in three schools and seven classrooms were observed for on-task versus off-task behavior during three literacy instruction opportunities; small group instruction, whole group instruction and the less structured library setting over the 2011 – 2012 school year. Students' early literacy skills were assessed before and after observations in order to determine whether students who were observed to be visually on task during literacy would have greater improvement in literacy skills over the kindergarten year. No differences in visual attention by observation of eye gaze were found between students who made low improvement, moderate improvement or high improvement over the school year. A teacher's ability to engage students is a benchmark of effectiveness under President Barack Obama's Federal Race to the Top Education Reform Initiative. Implications for use of observed student engagement as a measure of teacher classroom effectiveness and alternative strategies for gauging teacher effectiveness are discussed.


This article describes and analyzes the structure of the professorial faculty of Omsk F.M. Dostoevsky State University for the main socio-demographic and professional settings (teaching and research activities).


Disclosed is a moulding and forming die which comprises a die frame and forming units arranged in the die frame, each forming unit includes a lower die block, two lateral die blocks and an upper die block, and a mold cavity of a forming product is surrounded by the lower die block, the two lateral die blocks, the upper die block and the two wall faces of the die frame, at least two forming units are disposed in the die frame, and the lateral die blocks of every two adjacent forming units are connected into one body. The utility model has the functional effects that: the utility model adopts the structure that a plurality of mold cavities can be formed with small occupying area, thus relatively reducing the amount of die blocks and increasing the mould unloading and loading speed, and the utility model has high production efficiency. In addition, the reduction of the size of the die can relatively reduce the size of the corollary equipment, thereby reducing energy consumption and product costs as well as equipment costs.


The title compound, (I), which belongs to the class of -amino alcohols, is a key intermediate used to synthesize chiral ligands, such as bis(oxazoline) ligands, for asymmetric catalysts. The majority of the syntheses of these ligands have followed a general synthetic route in which oxalic acid or substituted malonic acids were first condensed with the corresponding optically active -amino alcohols to form the bis(hydroxy)amide derivatives. The hydoxy groups in the bis(hydroxy)amide were then activated and the resulting intermediate was cyclized to provide the bis(oxazoline) ligands (Ghosh et al., 1998).


This chapter discusses the AUTOPOLIS project of the DRIVE programme, which investigates possible automation of the detection of traffic law violations and traffic law enforcement. Special attention is given to: (1) violations that are suitable for automatic police surveillance; (2) system specifications; and (3) legal requirements for such systems. Two approaches have been used for selecting the most relevant law violations to be handled by automatic enforcement systems. In the first approach, both road users and police officers were asked to indicate which violations they considered serious, and the subjective probability of detection was investigated. High agreement between road users and police was usually found. In the second approach, the role of violations in accident occurrence was investigated by analysing different European accident databases, especially the French REAGIR data. Five types of traffic violations were found to be especially correlated with accidents. At present, semi-automatic systems are used almost exclusively as on-site systems to detect speeding and red-light violations. Experimental systems are being developed for several other types of violations. Various technologies are being used. Considerable attention has also been devoted to legal requirements for effective functioning of systems. The possibilities of automatic policing are largely determined by social rather than technological factors. For the covering abstract see IRRD 861934.


There is strong experimental evidence for substantial antiferromagnetic coupling between the CuO2 planes of the bilayers in YBCO compounds. The acoustic mode of the spin excitation spectrum has been measured but the optic mode has not been observed. Theoretical estimates suggest values for the antiferromagnetic interplane coupling as large as 10 meV. It has been proposed that this coupling is responsible for the spin gap in the underdoped YBCO compounds. In the recently synthesized compounds Y2Ba4Cu7O15 with alternating single/double chain blocks, it is possible to distinguish between the CuO2 planes in a bilayer. We propose a nuclear magnetic cross relaxation experiment to directly measure the strength of the coupling between the two planes of a bilayer. The temperature dependence and magnitude of this cross relaxation rate is predicted. Recently the low energy spin dynamics of the high T c superconductors has attracted a lot of interest. The unusually strong temperature dependence of the measured spin susceptibility, s (T) of the underdoped compounds rules out a simple Fermi liquid like ground state with a temperature independent spin susceptibility. The decreasing spin susceptibility indicates the proximity to a critical point. Millis and Monien 1] and subsequently Sokol and Pines 2] proposed that this critical point should be identiied with the order-disorder transition of the 2D Quantum Heisenberg Antiferromagnet 3] in spite of the fact that doping may well change the universal-ity class of the relevant model. The interesting question arises what drives the system close to this critical point. Millis and Monien concluded from the analysis of NMR data that the spin gap only appears in systems containing CuO 2 bilay-ers. An additional sign that bilayer correlation are important in YBCO comes from the neutron scattering experiments by Tranquada et al. 4] which found nearly complete antiferromagnetic correlations of the spins in the bilayers. The corresponding optic mode has not been observed up to now. Thus one can only obtain a lower limit on the exchange coupling between the planes of the bilayer, J ? > 10meV, from the neutron scattering experiments. An examination of a model of two antiferromagnetically coupled Heisenberg planes gives that the exchange coupling between the planes, J ? at the critcal point is of the order 2:6 J, with J 1000K, the exchange coupling in the plane 5,6]. Such an exchange coupling seems much too large for a realistic material 7]. Several papers have appeared to propose …


Objective To investigate the role of taurine on cardial hypertrophy and balance between two cardiac endogenous vasoactive substances in renovascular hypertensive rats.Methods The renovascular hypertension model was induced in rats by two-kidney-one-clip method.All the rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=20 per group): ⑴the sham-operated control group;⑵the 2K1C renohypertensive control group;⑶the Tau group,the two-kidney-one-clip rats were treated with taurine at a dose of 50mg·kg-1·d-1 from 5th week after renal artery constriction.Indirect blood pressure was measured in conscious rats by the standard tail-cuff methods.After treatment with both drugs for 8 weeks,the rats were killed and the heart was removed to determine the left ventricle weight/ body weight(LVW/BW),myocardial angiotensin Ⅱ content by radioimmunoassay,and nitric oxide content by spectrophotometric method.Results Compared with the sham-operated control group,the untreated 2K1C renohypertensive rats exhibited an increase in blood pressure,LVW/BW and myocardial angiotensin Ⅱ content,and a decrease in myocardial nitric oxide content.Taurine significantly inhibited the increase in blood pressure,LVW/BW and myocardial angiotensin Ⅱ content,and induced an increase in myocardial nitric oxide content of 2K1C renovascular hypertensive rats.Conclusion Long-term treatment with taurine could inhibit myocardial hypertrophy in renovascular hypertensive rats,which might be related to its modulation of the balance between two cardiac endogenous vasoactive substances in myocardium of 2K1C renovascular hypertensive rats.


The present invention while allowing authorized convenient data access to the user, without exposing safe, and hiding places safe electronic data stored in the safe can be protected from unauthorized access, external It provides a system that enables the transfer of device data to a device located inside safe from a data source. To provide a safe, including a safe controller coupled to the A data transfer port. Safe controller, when a valid code is received by the safe controller, is selectively device data is configured to allow to pass through the data transfer port. Also it provided a system for controlling data communication with the internal device which is in the safe. The system includes a external computer configured to execute a series of instructions, and a safe. Safe includes a data transfer port which is coupled to an external computer and an internal device. Also, safe also includes safe controller coupled to the data transfer port, safe controller, when a valid code is received by the safe controller enables communication between the selective external computing device and the internal device and it is configured to. .FIELD 1


We report on thermodynamic properties of both rhombohedral R3 and cubic Ia3 phases of Yb6MoO12d supplemented by measurements of Lu6MoO12-d(R3) magnetic properties. Among these series, Yb6MoO12-d(R3) only exhibits signatures of magnetic long-range order at TN~2.5 K which is confirmed by both physical property measurements and neutron powder diffraction. Low temperature specific heat measured down to 100 mK suggests the rearrangement of magnetic subsystem at T* 1⁄4 500 mK. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


An elongated speaker unit and an image display apparatus having the same are provided to improve the localization and the spread of a sound by considering a radiation pattern of the elongated speaker unit of an oblique cone type. An elongated speaker unit(10) includes a vibrating plate(11), a first driving unit, and a second driving unit. The vibrating plate(11) in a thin and long shape having a short direction and a long direction has first and second vibrating unit(12a,12b). The first driving unit is attached on the first vibrating unit(12a) to drive the first vibrating unit(12a) when declining a driving centroid of the first vibrating unit(12a) from a central position of the long direction of the first vibrating unit(12a) to the long direction. The second driving unit is attached on the second vibrating unit(12b) to drive the second vibrating unit(12b) when declining a driving centroid of the second vibrating unit(12b) from a central position of the long direction of the second vibrating unit(12a) to the long direction.


death, it became important to establish the identity of the dead man. Though the esti mated height and build corresponded with the missing colonel, facial identification was impossible. The police were suspicious of the attempts to conceal the ownership of the car, of the great distance from his home (some 200 miles separating Surrey from Mid-Wales, with which the colonel had had no known connec tions) and the short time since he was last seen alive. The almost complete degree of skeletalisation of the upper part of the body seemed incompatible with a maximum time of death of only three weeks. No relatives of the colonel could be found, but a friend, who was also his executor, attemp ted to identify the remains. He maintained that certain gold bridgework on the teeth was similar to the colonel's and recalled that some dental work had been carried out at a Ministry of Pensions hospital. The dental consultant at this hospital was contacted and a copy of the dental records and X-rays obtained. These revealed that some almalgam fillings, four extractions and gold bridgework carrying an artificial tooth corresponded exactly with the jaws. Post mortem X-rays also were identical with those from the hospital records. The only discrep ancy was the absence of the second left upper pre-molar, which must have been extracted elsewhere, since treatment at the hospital. The coroner accepted this evidence as con clusive proof of identity. At the inquest, it was revealed that the colonel was in financial difficulties, and bad written a letter to his brother in South Africa hinting at self-destruc tion. A verdict of suicide was returned, though no explanation of the futile attempts of con cealment or the remote locale was forthcoming. The case illustrates once more the usefulness of dental identification, provided a provisional identity can be obtained first and that records are still available. The rapidity of decomposi tion to the point of skeletalisation is also emphasised.


Submitted for the MAR17 Meeting of The American Physical Society A new method for analyzing high-frequency microrheology data KENGO NISHI, Goettingen University, MARIA KILFOIL, University of Massachusetts Amherst, CHRISTOPH SCHMIDT, Goettingen University, FRED MACKINTOSH, Rice University — Passive microrheology is an experimental technique used to determine the mechanical response of soft materials from the measured fluctuations of micron-sized beads embedded in the medium. In one common approach, one uses the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to obtain the imaginary part of the material response function from the power spectral density of bead displacement fluctuations, while the real part of the response function is calculated using a Kramers-Kronig integral. The high-frequency cut-off of this integral strongly affects the real part of the response function in the high frequency region. To moderate the influence of the high-frequency cut-off, we propose a new analysis method for passive microrheology, using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in the time domain. To test the validity of this method, we conducted oneand two-particle microrheology experiments, and a systematic numerical error analysis using synthetic data. Kengo Nishi Goettingen University Date submitted: 12 Nov 2016 Electronic form version 1.4


The feasibility of detecting a dominant neutrino component of the Galactic halo by coherent interaction with electrons in a superconducting target is discussed. The SQUID target measuring coil must combine a very low inductance with a long conducting path, conceptually achievable with a special conductor consisting of thin superconducting strips of modulated width supported on an insulating sheet and folded into a compact multilayer configuration. The external magnetic flux on the coil would need to remain constant to less than 10 to the -8th flux quanta during the measurement period, requiring shielding of external magnetic field changes to less than 10 to the -19th G for periods of typically 2-10 weeks. It is concluded that, although conceptually possible, no realistic proposals for the construction of superconducting detectors for relic low-energy neutrinos are possible in the immediate future. 11 references.


At the x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) facility, SACLA, a spontaneous beamline-1 (BL1) has been upgraded to a soft x-ray FEL beamline. A dedicated electron-beam accelerator, which is a refinement of the SCSS test accelerator, was installed beside the hard XFEL beamlines in the SACLA undulator hall. In the 2016 summer shutdown period, the electron beam energy was upgraded from 500 MeV to 800 MeV by adding two C-band rf units. The maximum K-value of the undulator magnet is 2.1. The available wavelengths of the FEL lights were extended to the range from 8 to 60 nm with the pulse energies between several to one hundred microjoules at a pulse repetition rate of 60 Hz. In this paper, we report an overview of the upgraded SACLA-BL1 and characteristics of the electron beam and the FEL light beam.


Being old is a process that can not be avoided by everyone. In the elderly or the elderly many changes with age, decrease in musculoskeletal system is the flexibility of the trunk. Trunk flexibility is the ability of the joints to move or bend the trunk joint or multiple joints without a hitch. When the trunk flexibility impaired then the center of gravity on the body will experience changes in postural alignment is no longer in the supporting foundation so that the body can not maintain posture response so consequently there was a balance disorder. This study aims to investigate the relationship between trunk flexibility with balance in the elderly.
This research has been conducted in IHC Setia Kawan Elderly and Elderly IHC Tomb of Haji Menur VI on 6 and 8 May 2015. This type of observation study with Cross Sectional approach. The study population numbered 80 people, samples that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria of 60 people. The data obtained are not normally distributed, statistical test Chi Square test. Results of the data analysis show the value │p = 0,001│ or p <0,05 so Ho rejected and Ha accepted. So that there is a relationship between trunk flexibility with the balance in the elderly. Hopefully this research can provide information to the public, especially in the elderly in order to be able to grow old with more healthy.


In order to assess the correct ground effects of aircraft with high-lift systems and especially of V/STOL planes in wind tunnel tests, a movingbelt ground rig has been developed for the 6m Low-Speed Wind Tunnel at the National Aerospace Laboratory.The design philosophy, the detail of the construction, and the test results of that rig are reported in this note.


Sustainable development in the sensitive and harsh Arctic region require resilient critical infrastructure systems to withstand and rapidly recover from human-induced and natural disasters. However, due to the climate conditions and remoteness of the Arctic, electric power systems, transportation, communication and other infrastructures are highly vulnerable. Risk managers working with infrastructure systems and communities require a realistic estimate of the resilience of available infrastructures to develop an effective contingency plan. Considering the interdependency of infrastructures, such an estimate requires cross-sectoral communication to develop a shared understanding of when regional infrastructure could be disrupted by disasters. The lack of clear methodologies for resilience analysis and a lack of data and information are main challenges for resilience analysis in the Arctic region. The objective of this paper is to develop and demonstrate a practical approach for characterizing the vulnerability and resilience of Arctic infrastructure systems based on expert judgment.


Construction labor productivity remains of great importance due its direct effect on project costs. Numerous parameters (factors and practices) that critically affect labor productivity have been identified in past studies through expert knowledge obtained from surveys. The objective of this paper is to explore whether there is a gap in experts' knowledge in identifying the critical parameters by comparing their perspectives to the results of data-driven analysis of the parameters and labor productivity field data. This paper presents a methodology for identifying critical parameters using both a factor survey and a data-driven approach. The factor survey approach ranks the critical parameters based on the responses of both project management and trade level personnel on a project. The data-driven approach ranks the parameters based on their degree of influence on productivity through filter feature selection on data collected from the actual project. Results of the comparison of factor rankings from the project management perspective, trade perspective, and data-driven approach indicate a major discrepancy between the expert perspectives and the data-driven results, suggesting a need for verification of expert-based results with additional field studies of factors affecting labor productivity.


In this paper,the role played by the backtwisting movement in the wire stranding process is discussed in detail. Several constructions of the backtwisting mechanism in the cage-type stranding machines are introduced,focus being laid on the evolution of the backtwisting mechanism of the cradle pay-off in the cage-type stranding machines. The problems with the old-fashioned constructions of the backtwisting mechanism were identified. Based on deep investigation and study,a new type,more rational construction of the backtwisting mechanism was successfully developed after the first and second modifications.


Based on the geology,geophysics and predecessors studies and applying sedimentary principles and methods,this article makes a detailed analysis of the feature of sedimentary faces in Liaodong Bay's second member of Paleogene Dongying Formation.It is indicated that although the whole second member of Dongying Formation is lake-deltaic depositional system,the difference of the upper and lower parts of second member of Dongying Formation is obvious.The lower part mainly included lake system,while the upper part mainly included delta facies.After taking together the structural feature and development of water systems in this zone,the author draws up the distributing feature of sedimentary faces in both upper and lower parts of second member of Dongying Formation.Finally,this article forecasts that the end of north inclined in low swell of Liaoxi and south-central sub-sag of Liaozhong sag are the most favorable exploration targets.


from Tahiti came and took his place. The man from Tahiti was with a Japanese businessman, who introduced his Japanese friend to the Belgian businessman. Then the three of them began speaking merrily in English. The man from Tahiti was French and his mother tongue was French. One chilly evening in Tokyo, at a warm familystyle Chinese restaurant, a Japanese businessman and a Chinese Businessman from Hong Kong were wining and dining and talking about their work. Then, the hostess and owner of the restaurant, sensing one of the two was Chinese, came to the


The article introduces conception of data mining languages and several main languages used, then discusses their standardizing procedure and several problems to be resolved. Finally forecasts the trend of the data mining language.


As the basis of mechanical manufacturing, large-scale machine tools are developing in the direction of improving processing accuracy, load-bearing capacity and rigidity. Hydrostatic thrust bearing, hydrostatic guide and hydrostatic ram are important components of large machine tools, with the continuous improvement of product accuracy requirements, the research on hydrostatic thrust bearing, hydrostatic guide and hydrostatic ram are more important.

This paper introduces the current research on hydrostatic thrust bearing, hydrostatic guide and hydrostatic ram to express the importance of hydrostatic ram in improving the machining accuracy of machine tools. The study aims to lay a foundation for research and development of hydrostatic ram in the future.

Firstly, the hydrostatic bearing technology is introduced. Secondly, the research status of hydrostatic thrust bearing, hydrostatic guide and hydrostatic ram are introduced to provide theoretical basis for improving the processing performance of rest ram.

Deformation compensation and thermal deformation compensation of hydrostatic ram have been studied more. Most of study focus on the accuracy of hydrostatic ram, but less on the bearing performance of hydrostatic ram.

Breakthroughs have been made in the research on precision control and structural form of the hydrostatic bearing at home and abroad. Most scholars take the ram of Computer Numerically Control (CNC) boring and milling machines as the research object, but there are less research on the ram of vertical lathes. Therefore, the academic circle should pay more attention to the bearing performance of the hydrostatic ram of vertical lathes.


Abscopal effect is an intriguing phenomenon when tumor regression is observed at nonirradiated region distant from the primary irradiation site. Despite its popularity as a research topic (especially in combination with immunotherapy), seldom was the phenomenon observed when radiotherapy (RT) was the only treatment modality. Here we reported the case of a 67-year-old man with abscopal effect observed in the right lung lesions after RT to the recurrent left lung tumor. The patient was a case of metachronous early-stage squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) of the head and neck and lung. He was otherwise healthy without any other underlying systemic disease, and had never received any medication or systemic treatment. The patient was diagnosed with early-stage left lower lobe SqCC and received postoperative adjuvant RT alone to the tumor bed. Bilateral lung tumor recurrence was observed after 6 months, and the patient completed RT alone to the left lung lesion. However, tumor regression was observed in the non-targeted right lung lesions. Interestingly, we noticed fluctuation in white blood cell (WBC) count around the course of palliative RT. We hope that this case can help secure physicians' attention to the systemic effect RT alone can contribute.


As an important sector of the market economy, the consulting business operating properly can expand social productivity and improve the competitive capacity of the market. Therefore, it is significant for development of China's consulting business to analyse the present situation of the sector and get a clear understanding of the arduous situations we are facing.


The IPTS transport technologies model aims to describe the dynamics of the passenger car market and the introduction of new technologies in the sector. The model simulates the impact of changes in fuel and car prices, technological development, income, and user preferences on the supply and demand of different passenger car technologies. It was originally planned as an extension of the POLES energy market model, but it may be used as a standalone model as well. The model is a scenario analysis tool, rather than a prediction tool. It can provide a general outlook for the future developments in the sector, but this corresponds mainly to the expectations of industry experts with regards to the development of the various technological options, and thus strongly depends on whether those expectations are materialized in the future.


Background: Metacarpal bone fractures considered one of the common skeletal fractures, accounting for 36% of all hand and wrist fractures. Patients and Methods: Only clinical studies of both methods used in the management of closed fractures of the second and third metacarpals were included in this review. It also included studies comparing open reduction and int. fixation with plate and screws Vs. percutaneous crossed Kwire fixation for metacarpal fractures. The Ten papers included in the systematic review and meta-analysis were retrospective cohort studies published between 2003 and 2019. The aim of this study is to evaluate the final results and postoperative complications for two methods of fixation within the treatment of fractures of Second and Third metacarpal bones: Fixation with plate and screws Vs. percutaneous crossed K-wire. Results: No specifications used for the pattern of fracture, except for the fractures involving shaft of the second and the third metacarpals. All fractures needed to be operated due to deformity, angulations or rotation. No correlation could be done between types of fracture (i.e., spiral, oblique) and functional outcome. As all studies discussed the same indication for intervention, and on the other side, a correlation between type of fixation and functional outcome could be done. Conclusion: No recommendation made that one fixation technique is superior to another, and the complications associated with ORIF or K-wire fixation in the management of metacarpal fractures are distinct.


Phase noise measurement of an OEO by an EML-based photonic-delay line method is demonstrated. A 9.952-GHz signal is generated with a phase noise of -111.45 dBc/Hz@10 kHz, and the noise floor reaches -135 dBc/Hz@10 kHz.


Staged Laparoscopic Duodenal Switch The prevalence of obesity in the world is reaching epidemic proportions. Bariatric surgery is still the only effective treatment for severe obesity, a conclusion reached by the National Institute of Health Consensus Conference on the Surgery of Obesity in 99 [ ]. However, bariatric surgery carries substantial risks, especially in a subgroup of patients with a body mass index above 60, which is defined as super-super obesity. Surgical treatment for this subgroup of patients has been a significant challenge, and consistent results in these patients have been difficult to attain. Weight loss failures (not achieving BMI < 40 kg/m) in a group with BMI > 50 kg/m have been reported in as many as 9–39% of patients undergoing gastric bypass [2,3]. The optimal weight loss in this group of patients can be achieved by means of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. This operation is technically challenging. Furthermore, patients present with complex metabolic derangements and severe organ dysfunctions due to complications of obesity, and partial immobility renders them at very high risk for any surgery. Since morbidity and mortality can be as high as 38% and 6.25% respectively with the one-stage procedure in this BMI group [4], a two-stage operative approach was devised. We report the case of a morbidly obese patient with a BMI of 75 kg/m who was treated by a staged approach.


Acetaminophen intoxication is not uncommon globally while herbs are increasingly utilized to counter many synthetic adverse drug reactions over time. It is against this concept that we investigated renal and hepatic protective/ameliorative potentials of Taliumtrangulare stem extract on acetaminophen toxicity in rats. In-bred Sprague-Dawley rats of both gender, 12-15 weeks old and weighed 188-202g were grouped (A to F, n=4) in a sanitized facility, wire-gauzed, and bedded with wood-dust. They adapted to facility temperature (25 ± 5ºC), humidity (45± 5%) and photoperiods (12:12hr day/night) for 14 days. Pelletized feeds® and water were provided while animal weights were measured before and after treatment. Control (group A) was untreated; group B administered 500 mg/kg b.w. T. trangulare L. extract while, Group C received 500 mg/kg b.w. acetaminophen. Group D treated with 500 mg/kg b.w. extract and 500 mg/kg b.w. acetaminophen. Group E administered 500 mg/kg b.w. acetaminophen and 500 mg/kg b.w. extract. Group F administered mixture of 500 mg/kg b.w. and 500 mg/kg b.w. acetaminophen. All rats were treated by oral intubation for 40 days at two days interval and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood sample was collected through cardiac puncture to determine kidney and liver functions while related organs were protective potentials against acetaminophen intoxication in renal and hepatic cells than reversal effects.


The high population and horticultural production in Banyuwangi indirectly contribute to the number of landfills, where as much as 60% of the waste in the dump is organic, such as vegetables, fruit, and food. Therefore, a solution is needed to utilize waste from human activities as a helpful product and valuable, such as eco-enzymes. Eco-enzyme is the product of fermentation from organic waste such as vegetable, fruit, and sugar. Eco-enzyme can be used in agriculture, medicine, and others. This study aimed to analyze the compositions of fruit and vegetable that produce the highest quality eco-enzyme. The experimental design used Complete Randomized Design with four fruits and vegetables compositions replicated three times. The treatments were vegetable waste + orange peel; vegetable waste + dragon fruit peel, vegetable waste + mangosteen peel; and vegetable waste only as control. The results showed that the composition of vegetable waste + orange peel produced an eco-enzyme solution with the highest nitrogen content, amylase enzyme activity, and acidic pH. The color of eco-enzymes varied from light to dark brown. Meanwhile, the aroma of eco-enzymes has produced the smell of acid, which indicates that the fermentation process is taking place correctly.


Author has introduced the working principle and process flow of three kinds of nitrogen producing processes of cryogenic separation,pressure shift adsorption(PSA) and membrane separation;has compared the process performance,main equipment and relative investment for three kinds of nitrogen producing processes;has presented the suitable methods for ammonia producing process selected according to different demand of nitrogen gas.


The evolution of Serra da Malcata – Geomorphology study This study has as primary aim to present an analysis of the evolution from the relief in Serra da Malcata, espe‑ cially when speaking in structural terms. This work's presentation is mainly justified by the fact that this uplift analysis is still an omission in geomorphologic studies. Thus, we aimed to develop an explanation of the evolution from Serra da Malcata's geomorphologic unit. We hope that this analysis presentation might promote a geomorphologic backing of Serra da Malcata's evolution, seeking above all to mount important explanation elements of this particular relief, hoping that the data now being presented may be able to fill in, at present time, the existing hollow in the geomorphologic knowledge regarding Serra


The relationship between cigarette smoking and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been controversial. Most relevant studies have relied on self‐reported questionnaires. We aimed to elucidate the association between smoking status and NAFLD using an objective biomarker of tobacco exposure (urinary cotinine) and self‐reported questionnaire.


Polymers with chiral asymmetric crown ether units (5, 6, 7 and 8) were synthesized via cationic cyclopolymerization of methyl 2,3-bis{O-[2-(2-vinyloxyethoxy)ethyl]}-4,6-O-benzylidene α-D-altro-, α-D-galacto-, α-D-gluco- and α-D-manhopyranosides (1, 2, 3 and 4), respectively. The enantioselective transport of the methyl ester of phenylglycine (PhGlyOCH3) and phenylalanine (PhAlaOCH3) was examined through a bulk chloroform solution of chiral polymers from one aqueous solution to another. The transport rate of PhAlaOCH3 was larger than that of PhGlyOCH3 for every host polymer. For polymer 7, the optical purity of PhAlaOCH3 transported from one to the other phase was 12,6%, and the ratio of rate constants for the faster moving enantiomer A and the slower moving enantiomer B (kA*/kB*) was 1,48. The faster moving enantiomer was the L-isomer except for the systems polymer 7 − PhAlaOCH3 and polymer 8 − PhAlaOCH3. This enantioselectivity is caused by the diastereotopic faces of the crown ether units in the host polymers.


An African-American man failed to prove racial bias when Philadelphia officials offered a Directorship of the city's AIDS program to a gay white man. In dismissing the plaintiff's case the court noted that the individual responsible for filling the position had hired African-Americans in senior management positions in the past and that the job modifications that seemed to have been tailored for the gay white candidate were made available to all applicants. The court further noted that the plaintiff would not have qualified under the relaxed eligibility requirements and job specifications that had been developed for the white candidate.


Chitinozoa (Llandoverian, Canada) were studied using image analysis. After digitalization of the objects, shape parameters were calculated. The boundary of each fossil was then traced by a vector centred at the centroid for Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Results of the two methods were used as variables in a hierarchical cluster analysis in order to group the samples. These results show that Chitinozoa can be significantly classified in terms of taxa using independent shape parameters obtained by image analysis.


The article deals with small business and reveals the essence of the concept of "self-employed". The reasons for people to resort to self-employment, as well as their shadow economic activity are considered. Lists the main activities that relate to self-employment. It is noted that small enterprises and self-employed carry out their activities in inadequate economic conditions, which is especially important in the transition to the digital economy Keywords—small business, self-employment, shadow economic activity, digital economy.


Corundum deposits located in several places around the world which appear to have different genesis models. The origins of corundum can be distinguished by mineral inclusions. In this study, most of the rough gem corundum from Bo Rai deposit, Trat Province, and Bo Welu deposit, Chanthaburi Province, in Eastern Thailand show etched or dissolved surfaces that were resulted from dissolution by hot basaltic magma during transportation to the surface. Moreover, these gem corundums also show absorption spectral characteristics related to trace elements which typical for corundum from this area. Corundums from Bo Rai deposit in Trat Province, and from Bo Welu deposit in Chanthaburi Province were collected for this study. Various mineral inclusions in ruby were discovered, particularly high Al diopside (fassaite pyroxene), pyropic garnet, plagioclase feldspar, sillimanite, spinel, and sulphide are also observed in Bo Welu ruby similar to Bo Rai ruby. However, anatase inclusion is only identified in Bo Rai. On the other hand, sapphirine, quartz, nepheline, and anhydrite are only identified as inclusions in Bo Welu ruby. Mineral inclusions in sapphire from Bo Welu deposit are zircon, alkali feldspar, sulphide, monazite, columbite. Based on chemical composition of mineral inclusion, rubies from both Bo Rai and Bo Welu deposits may have originally formed within a similar environment, mafic granulites rocks, probably within lower crust to upper mantle. Blue and bluish green sapphires from Welu deposit may have crystallized from a highly evolved, alkali-rich and silica-poor magma at a shallower level in the lithosphere. Although, the formation of ruby located at deeper levels (upper mantle) than the sapphire (crust/upper mantle), some similar mineral inclusions in both ruby and sapphire may indicate co-crystallization between ruby and sapphire in some places.


The recognition by scientists and the public of potential health effects of moderate drinking increased approximately two decades ago from reports of the so-called 'French Paradox': high levels of risk factors among the French but very low rates of coronary heart disease (CHD). Literally thousands of publications since then have confirmed that moderate drinking, especially of wine, is associated with a lower risk of many of the diseases of ageing. Further, a large number of mechanisms have been identified, including effects of drinking on blood lipids, endothelial function, coagulation, inflammation, glucose metabolism, and gene expression. When a national television program in the US in 1991 informed the public that moderate wine consumption may lower the risk of CHD, it was the first time that a reliable major news source had even suggested that there may be beneficial, rather than just harmful, effects of a beverage containing alcohol. This information immediately led a number of 'scientists' and 'experts' to attempt to explain the reported lower rates of CHD among the French by factors other than wine intake: the French do not know how to diagnose CHD; heart disease rates in France are no lower than in many other parts of the world (usually citing developing countries); the French do not consume a high-fat diet; even if there is less CHD, many more people die of alcohol abuse and we cannot encourage drinking. These criticisms have not stood the test of time. It is clear from an immense, and amazingly consistent, amount of research that moderate drinkers, especially of wine, have considerably lower rates of many diseases and live longer. For most middle-aged and older adults, unless there are contraindications to alcohol, moderate drinking can be considered as one component of a 'healthy lifestyle'.


Objective To determine the diagnostic performance of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer(GCIPL) thickness to discriminate early glaucoma form normal eyes. Design Evaluation of diagnostic technology. Participants Early glaucoma patients(30 cases, 30 eyes) and healthy controls(56 cases, 56 eyes). Methods All subjects were underwent macular scanning and peripapillaryretinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) scanning using the Cirrus high-definition optical coherence(HD-OCT) ganglion cell analysis(GCA) algorithm(Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). The GCA algorithm was used to detect the macular GCIPL and to measure the thickness of the overall average, minimum, superotemporal, superior, superonasal, inferonasal, inferior, and inferotemporal GCIPL. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) was used to assess the ability to discriminate early glaucomatous eyes form normal eyes of each testing parameter. Main Outcome Measures The thickness of GCIPL and RNFL, and their AUCs. Results There were statistical differences in all measurement parameters(GCIPL and RNFL) between normal and glaucoma patients(all P 0.01). The average GCIPL thickness of normal and glaucomatous eyes were(85.43 ± 5.27) μm and( 69.30 ± 7.71) μm, and the average RNFL thickness of normal eyes and glaucomatous eye were(100.98±7.98) μm and(78.80 ± 10.38) μm(P0.001). The largest AUC of all GCIPL parameters were the minimum and inferotemporal sector(both were 0.985), followed by the average(0.971), inferior sector(0.941), superotemporal sector(0.934), and superonasal sector(0.907). The largest AUC of all RNFL parameters was the average(0.990). Conclusion The macular GCIPL parameter was comparable to the peripapillary RNFL parameter, performs good in discriminating normal and glaucomatous eyes, and GCA algorithm may be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of early glaucoma.(Ophthalmol CHN, 2013, 22: 374-377)


This paper presents the test results of reinforced-concrete (RC) slabs strengthened with carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets and exposed to a corrosive environment. Nine slab specimens (1500 × 700 × 100 mm) were constructed and subjected to accelerated corrosion exposure. Test variables included the clear concrete cover (10, 25 and 40 mm), the longitudinal reinforcing bar diameter (8, 10 and 12 mm) and different degrees of corrosion. The corresponding current and concrete corrosion cracks were continually monitored throughout the corrosion process. A decrease in the clear concrete cover increased the corrosion crack width and the cracking time of slab specimens to levels higher than those resulting from an increase in the reinforcing bar diameter. All slab specimens were tested to failure in four-point bending, to investigate the load-carrying capacity and average crack spacing of each corroded slab specimen. In addition, some reinforcing bars were extracted, to determine the loss in the steel m...


A first device configured to support the at least one substrate thereon; And an apparatus comprising a first transport having a first transport, and the connected devices. Transport is configured to transport the device. Transferring the plurality of supports movable relative to one another along a linear path; And the support portion includes at least one magnetic bearing to at least partly fastened to each other in the (couple). A first magnetic bearing of the magnetic bearing includes a first permanent magnet and the second magnet. The first permanent magnet is coupled to the first support portion of the support portion. The unit includes a magnetic field control are connected to the first support portion, and the magnetic field control section configured to first vary the magnetic field influence of the permanent magnet to the second magnet and / or the first movable permanent magnet.


t Too investigat e whether free melatoni n maybe better suited to reveal age-relate d changes wee studied, for the first time, the circadian rhythm alterations in saliva melatoni n levels inn the course of aging. Special attention was paid to the question how the free melatoni n rhythmss change in the course of aging and when such changes take place. A total number off 52 healthy volunteer s participated in the study consisting of groups of young, middleaged,, old and oldest subjects. In each subject a total of 12 time point salivary melatoni n sampless was taken over 24-hours. Of the 52 data sets 51 melatoni n sampl e sets showed a significantt circadian rhythm over 24 hours by using the base cosine function analysi s to fitfit the data. A clear circadian rhythm of salivary melatoni n was present in all age groups. Thee decline in nocturnal peak levels (amplitude) in salivary melatoni n was found in old andd the oldest subjects. Both the old and the oldest subject s showed an increased daytimee (baseline) melatoni n levels. The off-set melatoni n levels were more than two times higherr in the oldest group than those in the other groups, indicating a delayed phase of salivaryy melatonin. Most strikingly, we found that a step-wise decreas e in the circadian rhythmss of saliva melatoni n occurred early in life, around 40 years of age. The middleagedd subject s had only 60% of the amplitude of the young subjects. In addition, the middle-agedd subject s showed the longest peak level duration and the lowest daytime melatoninn levels. The present study showed that the alterations in the circadian rhythms of salivaryy melatoni n already started at middle age. Our results showed that salivary melatoninn measuremen t is a reliable, sensitive and easy method to monitor changes in the circadiann rhythms of melatoni n during the course of aging.


For the effective functioning of local governments an important role is played by the sufficiency of the revenue base of local budgets. It is the municipal level of power in the Russian Federation that is responsible for the most important social expenditures of the state. The purpose of this work is to analyze the revenue sources of local governments, as well as the expenditures of municipal budgets in Russia in the framework of the sub-federal fiscal policy. A set of calculations based on materials from municipalities of the Russian Federation allows to determine the main directions of formation of revenues and expenditures of budgets of local governments, as well as assess the impact of the budget policy of regional authorities on incentives for the socio-economic development of municipalities. The analysis of budget revenues and expenditures by types of municipalities in Russia has been carried out in order to identify their budget solvency both in statics and in dynamics. The results of the study can be applied in studying the possibilities of improving budget policy in the direction of leveling and stimulating local governments to strengthen their own revenue base. It has been concluded that the improvement of intergovernmental relations should include measures to strengthen the tax potential of municipalities, which is impossible without ensuring stable fixed tax revenues for local budgets.


Magnetorheological damper is modeled to provide semi active suspension system in vehicles .The stiffness of suspension system can be varied by using MR fluid. The project aims at fabrication of MR damper and preparation of magneto-rheological fluid, which can vary its viscosity inside the damper in presence of magnetic field. The damper design is analyzed using FEMM software and magnetic field strength is analyzed at various points. Finally, the damper is tested using fatigue testing machine to test its performance.MR fluid varies its stiffness under magnetic field, this principle is used to control the damping action of shock absorber. The iron particles in the MR fluid opposes the carrier fluid passing through piston head holes .This resistance builds strong opposition for shock absorber oscillation.


The relationship between environmental heterogeneity and biodiversity represents a cornerstone of ecological research. While environmental descriptors over large extents usually have medium‐to‐low spatial resolution, in situ measures provide accurate information for limited areas, and a gap remains in providing remote descriptors that represent local environmental structure. Texture from satellite images can represent fine‐scale heterogeneity over wide spatial coverage, but to date, it has mostly been used to predict general aspects of species diversity, such as richness. Here, we assess the utility of image textures from high‐resolution satellite images (RapidEye 3A) and in situ variables to predict differences in the composition of anuran communities in a tropical savanna (Cerrado) of Brazil. While in situ measures accounted for compositional differences in the whole community, two measures of image textures were associated only with the variation of species within the Hylidae family (adj. R² = 0.16 and 0.14). Comparatively, image textures predicted ~2/3 of the variation explained by in situ measures (adj. R² = 0.23). When both approaches were combined, a greater compositional variation was achieved (adj. R² = 0.28), with 1/5 of it shared by both in situ and textures, and 1/5 attributed solely to texture. Our findings suggest that image texture can complement the assessment of environmental heterogeneity acting on the assembly of local anuran communities. This approach can be valuable for explicitly including spatial heterogeneity in biological assessments over broad spatial extents, especially for biological groups strongly filtered by environmental conditions.


Businesses use contracts to regulate interactions between them. Contract monitoring is an active research topic where we observe the interactions between the business parties. We use a Contract Compliance Checker (CCC) for monitoring contracts that was developed in Newcastle University. The CCC uses ECA rules written in a semi-formal language called EROP in order to specify a business contract. A current limitation of the CCC is that it uses an old version of Drools and that it uses hardwired Business Events. The main aim of this dissertation was to migrate to the latest version of Drools and enhance the architecture of the CCC. The main enhancement added was to transform the CCC to a web service that accepts Business Events from the outside world. The web service follows the REST architectural style and was implemented using Java related technologies. We consider the old CCC version as a reference implementation. Testing of the CCC web service was performed using the same contract as the old version. Results show that both the old version and the enhanced version of the CCC have the same behavior when a specific business contract is used. Declaration: I declare that this dissertation represents my own work except where otherwise explicitly stated.


Recently, graphene-based materials have engaged the attentiveness of all researchers doing research related to materials science, particularly related to gas sensing application. Graphene nanocomposites or nanohybrids are the modern inclusion to the marvel applications of graphene-based materials. One of the occupying utilisation of the graphenebased nanocomposites is chemical detection which is beneficial for observing the explosive nature, harmfulness and inflammability of gases. Diversified metal oxides like tin oxide, ferric oxide, zinc oxide and indium oxide as soon as combined with graphene-based materials to form nanocomposites own enormous potentiality for detecting a minute amount of harmful gas. In this article, the various synthesising methods, preparation of composites, fabrication and gas sensing utilisation of graphene-based nanocomposites are depicted in detail


The invention relates to a method (16) for operating a rotary encoder (10) having electric machine (6). If a sensor error (30) is detected in the controlled operation (18) to a controlled operation (34) is switched. The invention further relates to an actuator (2) with an inverter (4), and with an electric machine (6).


Objective To explore the sonographic features of thyroid papillary carcinomas and papillary microcarcinoma. Methods 2D ultrasonography and color Doppler flow imaging characteristics of 12 patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma (16 nudules) and 23 patients with papillary microcarcinoma ( 29 nudules) were summarized, the diagnostic value of internal hypoechoic area, microcalcification, irregular border, type Ⅲ blood flow signals, and A/T≥1 was analyzed. Results Type Ⅲ blood flow signals had the highest diagnostic value for papillary carcinomas, and A/T≥1 had the highest diagnostic value for thyroid papillary microcarcinoma. Conclusion A/T≥1 can help to predict thyroid papillary microcarcinoma, indiscriminate blood flow signals in the nodules can help to predict thyroid papillary carcinoma.


MEMS gyroscopes are becoming more prevalent in inexpensive inertial measurement units used in a variety of harsh environments. It has been shown in previous studies that high power high frequency acoustic noise can have a detrimental effect on these devices. This study examines the threshold of the sound power levels required at these high frequencies to generate detrimental effects on the output of MEMS gyroscopes. This study provides basic background work for further research into mitigation techniques for higher powered high frequency acoustic noise.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Drying processes are considered on an empirical basis in industrial applications. The results
presented in this paper concern theoretical and experimental data, obtained during the drying of semolina pasta. The moisture concentration is modelled for semolina pasta, made from durum
wheat, by assuming the mass transfer between the pasta and the air. As the transport kinetics are
entirely controlled by the internal transport resistance, Fick's law applies.
The moisture concentrations of durum pasta are predicted in the model as a function of pasta (initial
moisture concentration, thickness and food composition) and air properties (air temperature and
relative humidity). The model was validated by additional measurements, corresponding well with the
modelled moisture concentrations. Finally a parameter study was performed to study the impact of
the model parameters on the moisture concentration.


Summary: The authors present the surgical strategy in the treatment of a morbidly obese paraplegic patient with a massive sacral pressure ulcer as well as bilateral trochanteric ulcers in a 1-step leg-sacrificing procedure utilizing the "spare-part" concept. It is the intention of the authors to reinforce the use of fillet flaps as a last resort option in paraplegic patients with pressure sores.


The Belo Monte hydropower scheme on the River Xingu in Brazilian Amazonia symbolizes the persistent contradictions between industrial modernization and resource conservation in a fragile environment. For over 30 years, local populations have battled with the energy authorities, contesting the top-down planning approach regularly applied in Brazilian infrastructure expansion. Reconfigured over the past decade as 'neo-developmentist', the model complements neoliberalism and is based on a strong alliance between the state as financial backer and the private sector as executor of such major schemes as Belo Monte. Following her predecessors, President Dilma continues to employ authoritarian tactics with little apparent regard for dealing comprehensively with its anticipated severe economic, ecological and social impacts, and with minimal consultation of diverse local groups, especially poorer agricultural and indigenous populations. More transparent and democratic planning procedures are necessary for Belo Monte and similar schemes if Brazil's environmental credentials are not to be seriously compromised.


This article undertakes a comparative study of the conjectural histories of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Ferguson, focusing on the convergences in the moral and political ideals expressed and grounded in these histories. In comparison with Scots like Adam Smith and John Millar, the conjectural histories of Ferguson and Rousseau follow a similar historical trajectory as regards the development and progress of commercial, political and cultural arts. However, their assessment of the moral progress of humanity does not, or in a much more limited way than in Smith and Millar, correlate with this trajectory. Rousseau and Ferguson see a candour and vigour in savage and barbarian societies that is much less easily supported by the complex socio-economic framework of modern, commercial societies. It is argued that the convergences in their conjectural histories arise from a similar fusion of these histories with Stoic and republican perspectives. While Rousseau and Ferguson do not see history as cyclical, they think that the forces that push towards moral decline are strong and can, on the political level, only be countered by firm republican policies. Furthermore, their shared Stoic ideal of the life lived according to nature informs their solutions for modern societies.


Recent studies suggest that peroxiredoxin1/2 (Prx1/2) may be involved in the pathophysiology of post‐ischemic inflammatory responses in the brain. In this study, we assessed the distribution and function of Prx1/2 in mice after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We investigated the distribution of Prx1/2 in the brains of mice both in vivo and in vitro using immunofluorescence staining. The expression of Prx1/2 after SAH was determined by Western blot. Adenanthin was used to inhibit Prx1/2 function, and Prx1/2 overexpression was achieved by injecting adeno‐associated virus. Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis were assessed both in vivo and in vitro. The neurologic function, inflammatory response, and related cellular signals were analyzed. The results showed that Prx1 was mainly expressed in astrocytes, and Prx2 was abundant in neurons. The expression of Prx1/2 was elevated after SAH, and their expression levels peaked before proinflammatory cytokines. Inhibiting Prx1/2 promoted neuronal apoptosis by increasing the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels via the apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1/p38 pathway. By contrast, overexpression of Prx1/2 attenuated oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after SAH. Thus, early expression of Prx1/2 may protect the brain from oxidative damage after SAH and may provide a novel target for treating SAH.—Lu, Y., Zhang, X.‐S., Zhou, X.‐M., Gao, Y.‐Y., Chen, C.‐L., Liu, J.‐P., Ye, Z.‐N., Zhang, Z.‐H., Wu, L.‐Y., Li, W., Hang, C.‐H. Peroxiredoxin 1/2 protects brain against H2O2‐induced apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage. FASEB J. 33, 3051–3062 (2019). www.fasebj.org