Using density functional theory and the Bardeen, Tersoff, and Hamann formalism we have calculated spin-polarized electron transport in a system involving a nonbonded magnetic probe tip and a self-assembled monolayer SAM of benzene-1,4-dithiol on a Ni 111 substrate. A significantly higher tunneling current is obtained for a configuration in which the spin of the probe tip is aligned parallel to that of the substrate than for a configuration with antiparallel alignment—an effect prerequisite for an organic spin switch.


A new closed loop flow controlling principle through correcting the valve's opening area while load pressure is changing is carried out. Further more a principle using only one proportional valve to compound control pressure and flow is suggested. By using very simple proportional throttle valve in structure, the functions that five kinds of proportional valves or any two of them combined possess can be complimented. After analyzing, comparing, and testing the dynamic and static characteristics of valve with different controlling principles and main valve structure styles, the optimized structure styles and control methods are achieved.


We propose a new aerial tool operation system consisting of multiple quadrotors connected to a tool by spherical joints to perform tool operation tasks. We model the system and show that the attitude dynamics of each quadrotor is decoupled from the tool dynamics, so that we can consider the quadrotors as thrusters and control the tool by adjusting the orientation and magnitude of these thrusters. We also show that the 6-DOF tool dynamics could be under-actuated or fully-actuated, depending on the number of quadrotors attached to the tool and the geometric configuration of their attachments. We then design control laws for the tool-tip position/orientation tracking of the (under-actuated) tool system with two quadrotors and the (fully-actuated) tool system with three quadrotors. We use Lyapunov approach to find the desired thrust command for each quadrotor while also taking into account the spherical joint limits in a form of constrained optimization. Simulation and implementation results are performed to support the theory.


This paper attempts to address some nonlinear differential equations which describe main mechanisms governing heap (bio) leaching process as an important metallurgical facility in mining and mineral processing industries. The Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), Finite Volume Method and Analytical (Laplace) Method have been employed to provide proper solutions for these equations. Comparison was made between the methods and agreement was close; considering the fact that the proposed solution in comparison with the others provided a remarkable accuracy in dealing with nonlinear problems associated with mining and mineral processing industries. The maximum error of HPM in relation to the analytical solution was 0.02. The numerical finite volume method incorporating a computational fluid dynamics model termed PHOENICS provided rational and accurate results; describing that many chemical and biological processes extremely affect the transportation mechanism of the aqueous compounds in a heap structure and subsequently on the process efficiency. Besides, all solution methods presented to simulate heap leaching process provided valuable information related to the time dependence concentrations of dissolved compounds. The results obtained from this study can be effectively applied to manage the heap leaching costs to make the process feasible.


Occurrence of the friction and wear at machine parts of rotating system which run together, affects the efficiency of machine negatively. Because of its simplicity, low of cost and efficiency journal bearings are used widely in industry. It is difficult to accurately predict the component life due to wear and friction. This attempt is to study the influencing parameters like load, speed and temperature, friction coefficient during wear test. The main objective to the paper is to study wear rate of Babbitt journal bearing. The Babbitt metal is tested in lubricated condition using 20W40 oil under Pin-on-Disc Tribometer. Results found that, metals prone to wear at considered operating conditions due to change in frictional coefficient at contact surface.


Objective To investigate effects of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist Losartan on the expression of TGF β 1mRNA in rats with cirrhosis and the mechanism.Method Forty one male SD rats were divided into normal control ( n =10), cirrhotic control ( n =11), and Losartan treated cirrhotics ( n =20) with Losartan (10?mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) treatment started on the first day along with CCl 4 administration and on the 5th week, respectively.Expression of TGF β 1 mRNA was examined with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR).The expression of TGF β 1 protein was assayed with immunochemistry.Result Expression of TGF β 1 mRNA and TGF β 1 protein were up regulated in rats with cirrhosis (from 0 93±0 05 to 1 94±0 13, compared with the normal rats P 0 01).Compared with the untreated cirrhotic rats Losartan treatment significantly reduced mRNA and protein levels of TGF β 1 (1 17±0 16 and 1 02±0 11 respectively,all P 0 05).Conclusion Losartan significantly decreases the expression of TGF β 1 in cirrhotic rats.


The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) administers the natural resources on 191 million hectares of public lands in eleven* contiguous western states and Alaska. In addition BLM has management responsibility for 25 million hectares of publicly owned mineral resources on privately owned lands. Added to this is the management responsibility on approximately 500 million hectares of Outer Counter Shelf (OCS) lands. The basic task of BLM is to manage all resources found on these lands to provide maximum public benefit and full consideration for good conservation practices. This includes the dedication to carrying out whatever programs are required to insure that the stewardship of the public lands and their resources leads to the optimum planned use for the long range public good. These programs include activities in domestic livestock grazing, fish and wildlife ecology and habitat development, outdoor recreation, timber production, watershed protection, wilderness preservation, minerals development, environment protection, river basin planning, and general land use classification under the concept of multiple use. Resource management and development activities are supported by various programs which provide for roads, trails, and physical improvements such as recreational facilities; and by an active program to protect the public lands and their resources from wild fires and from all forms of public and private misuse. To carry out these programs BLM must collect and handle large quantities of resource inventory information. Further the fiscal and manpower resources which must be committed to gathering this information is staggering. This is due to (1) the increasing public awareness of the importance of wildlands as a national resource, and (2) the increasing need for documentation of the bases of management actions, including baseline resource conditions, trends, plans, and environmental analysis of proposed actions. For example, a large fraction of the vital energy resources (coal, oil, oil shale) of the nation underlie the. public lands; the development of


Since Miller's (1995) ground-breaking directive to the anthropology community to research consumption within the context of production, CCT has come of age, offering distinctive insights into the complexities of consumer behaviour. CCT positions itself at the nexus of disciplines as varied as anthropology, sociology, media studies, critical studies, and feminist studies; overlapping foci bring theoretical innovation to studies of human behaviours in the marketplace. In this paper, we provide asynthesis of CCT research since its inception, along with more recent publications. We follow the four thematic domains of research as devised by Arnould and Thompson (2005): consumer identity projects, marketplace cultures, the socio-historic patterning of consumption, and mass-mediated marketplace ideologies and consumers' interpretive strategies. Additionally, we investigate new directions for future connections between CCT research and anthropology.


The relationship between two simple Huckel MO perturbation treatments of electrocyclic reactions formerly proposed has been examined. The reason why the two different approaches give the same prediction with regard to the favorable paths of the reactions has been established numerically. A calculation of the thermal ring-closing of butadiene has been carried out, including both sigma and pi electrons.


This article describes the results in SCL companies SAELPA and CELB, comparing initiatives performed before and after the implementation of new methods of commercial loss detection using Revenue Intelligence technology. An increase in the field inspection productivity of 128% in SAELPA and 143% in CELB was verified. Through the monitoring of load in two SAELPA feeders, 30,5% losses were reduced to 20,1%, increasing invoicing in 13,7% (recovered revenue) and reducing required energy in 13,5%, a significant cost reduction in purchased energy.


PT Ciputra Property Tbk is one company that is engaged in property, many of its peers so the company should be able to compete and survive with other companies, to assess the performance of the company required a certain measuring devices. In this case the researchers used financial ratio analysis. Destination researchers is to give an overview of the state of the company's financial statements by comparing the industry average. The type of data that researchers can namely external secondary data that researchers can from the web Bursa Efek Indonesia. The results of the analysis of the company's financial statements as follows (1) Company's liquidity ratio has decreased, but the company is still in a liquid state. (2) The company's solvency ratio increased, but the company is still in a state of solvable. (3) Profitability ratios for the ratio of gross profit and net profit is better than the industry average, while the ratio of return on assets and return on equity is less good than the industry average. (4) The ratio of the company's activities is still not good compared with the industry average

Keywords: Financial Statement, Activity Ratio, Liquidity Ratio, Solvency Ratio, Profitability
ratios


Since gas turbines are very complex and potentially unreliable machines, the improvement of their monitoring systems becomes an essential part. Considering this necessity, the present paper performs a gas turbine diagnostic algorithm testing. The methodology proposed is formed by three stages. In the first stage, the commercial software ProDiMES (Propulsion Diagnostic Method Evaluation Strategy) is used to simulate an engine fleet and generate data with fault and no-fault conditions. In the second stage, a baseline model testing is implemented to improve the healthy engine performance approximation. Finally, a fault recognition stage based on a pattern recognition technique (Multi-Layer Perceptron) performs the diagnosis and calculates the probability of correct diagnostic decisions. The results obtained show that: a) the software ProDiMES is an easy and convenient tool to evaluate gas turbine diagnostic methods, b) the baseline model testing is a key step because it allows reducing the errors that can negatively influence the diagnostic process and c) the algorithm correctly performs the fault recognition task.


The aim of this study was to examine which historic and present discourses that have been used in the construction of the ideal Swedish citizen as it is today. The study also examined what role the ...


# David James Mearns Anderson {#article-title-2}

Consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist Barnsley 1996-8 ( b Aberdeen 1956; q Aberdeen 1980; FRCSG, MRCOG), d 8 July 1998. He felt strongly that as his specialty was surgical appropriate experience in the wider aspects of intra-abdominal surgery, particularly urology, was necessary, and spent his early training in quite a few varied posts in Liverpool and Sheffield, followed by a general registrar rotation in Sheffield. At a research post in Aberdeen he developed a belief in evidence based practice, which led eventually to an MD. After this he spent four years as a consultant in North Carolina, having become disillusioned with what he saw as a less than meritocratic British medical system. At Barnsley he developed a one step outpatient service for postmenopausal bleeding, reducinthe waiting lists by their active management, and was involved in teaching. He was a bon vivant, who loved entertaining, and had an encyclopaedic knowledge of rhythm and blues. Latterly he was admitted as a member of the Society of Friends, a great solace to him. He leaves a wife, Melly, and a daughter.

# John Malcolm Barnes {#article-title-3}

Consultant orthopaedic surgeon Ysbyty Gwynedd Bangor, 1980-96 ( b 1943 to a father who was a professor of orthopaedic surgery; q Middlesex 1967; FRCS), died from carcinoma of the thyroid on Christmas Day 1997. Before taking up his consultant post he spent some time working in South Africa. A deft and decisive surgeon, he specialised in elbow replacement. Though bemused by the machinations of medical politics, he retained a strong sense of fair play. He was a keen sportsman, as spectator and participant, and mountaineer, climbing locally as well as in the Alps and the Karakorams. During his short retirement he took pride in his showpiece garden. His first marriage was dissolved and he leaves a second wife, Margaret, and two sons (one a surgeon) of his first …


Discloses a flame retardant lighting assembly comprising thermoplastic insulation, plugs and sockets. The thermoplastic resin is for example polypropylene homopolymer and comprises a synergistic N--alkoxy hindered amines and mixtures of a conventional organohalogen flame retardant. The addition of low levels of acid scavengers such as hydrotalcite is advantageous.


Over two million immigrants without legal status entered the country as children. These childhood arrivals have the constitutional right to attend public schools without charge, and billions of taxpayer dollars have been invested in their education. Offering these young people the opportunity to remain in the United States, use their education to contribute to the communities in which they have been raised, and become citizens would let the country realize its return on this investment. Yet thus far Congress, which has the exclusive power to create new paths to citizenship, has failed repeatedly to pass legislation that would enable childhood arrivals to earn some form of legal immigration status and eventually naturalize.
The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program (DACA), which the Obama Administration launched in August 2012, partially addressed this issue by letting eligible childhood arrivals stay and work in the country for two-year renewable increments. In September 2017, the Trump Administration rescinded DACA, citing the Attorney General's conclusion that it was an unconstitutional exercise of authority by the Executive Branch. Less than eight hours later, Trump stated that if Congress failed to legalize DACA within six months he would reconsider the issue.
If Congress fails to codify DACA or enact some form of the DREAM Act (which would let childhood arrivals earn permanent residence and eventually citizenship), it seems highly unlikely that the Trump Administration could, or would, reinstate DACA, given that its attorney general has declared the program unconstitutional. But there are other steps the Executive Branch could take to make it easier for childhood arrivals to legalize. Moreover, neither DACA nor the DREAM Act offers a complete solution: codifying DACA gives its recipients no legal status, and every iteration of the DREAM Act Congress has considered imposes requirements that disqualify many childhood arrivals. Therefore, regardless of what Congress may do, it is worth examining the unilateral and uncontroversial steps that the current administration (or a subsequent one) could take to help childhood arrivals become citizens. This Article identifies the discretion that the Executive Branch has with the military, cancellation of removal, parole, admissibility waivers, deferred action, and surplus immigration application fees. The Article then assesses the various ways the Executive Branch could employ that discretion to improve childhood arrivals' access to the paths to permanent residence and citizenship created by Congress.


Objective To know about the self-consistency and coping style in nursing undergradu- ates during clinical practice and to clarify the relationship between self-consistency and coping style,so as to provide guidance for teachers to instruct students.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate 117 nursing baccalaureate students in Harbin Medical University during their clinical practice.Results Most of the students had moderate level of self-consistency; the average score of positive and negative coping style were both lower than the normal model(P0.05).The factors influencing the Self-consistency included family income,age,the attitude to- ward teaching style of clinical teachers,and the influence of patients" trust on students mood.The positive coping style were positively correlated with self-consistency and self flexibility,and nega- tively correlated with the other subscales of self-consistency;negative coping style had the oppo- site result as the positive coping style.Conclusion Positive coping style can improve the self-con- sistency of nursing students.Nursing teachers can adopt corresponding measures through under- standing their correlation and their influencing factors,which is important for promoting the edu- cation of nursing baccalaureate students.


Undernutrition occurs frequently among patients on admission to hospital, although prevalence depends on the criteria used in its assessment and in the case-mix of patients evaluated. Routine nutritional risk screening, to detect patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, has been recommended by the British Association for Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition. This university hospital contains an acute care unit with a proposed maximum length of stay of approximately 5 d. This thirty-nine bed unit employs one full-time dietitian. The primary aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of undernutrition among patients admitted to the Acute Care Unit. The study also sought to evaluate whether anthropometric measurements or use of screening tools (malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST), malnutrition screening tool (MST) and subjective global assessment (SGA)) can best identify those patients with undernutrition. Finally, two validated screening tools (MUST and MST) were compared with the 'gold standard' SGA screening tool to determine the most appropriate tool for use on the Acute Care Unit. During a 2-month period, nutritional assessment was carried out on fifty-one randomly-selected patients within 48 h of admission. BMI, % weight loss and body composition measurements (triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC)) were recorded. Undernutrition was defined as (a) BMI<18.5 kg/m or (b) BMI<20 kg/m with co-existing TSF or MAMC <15th percentile. Each patient was also screened using three different screening tools (SGA, MST and MUST). Regression analysis was carried out using Minitab statistical package (Minitab Inc., State College, PA, USA). The Table shows the differences in prevalence of undernutrition depending on the method of assessment used.


This study focuses on the bending rigidity of warp-knitted fabrics as a function of knit structure (underlaps length), density (wale and course spacing) and yarn bending properties. Seven standard warp-knitted fabrics are produced with three different densities (Tricot, Locknit, three and four needles Satin, Reveres Locknit, three and four needles Sharkskin). The bending rigidity of the fabrics is measured using a Kawabata evaluation system and an automatic cyclic bending tester. Results show that the bending rigidity increases for the fabrics with a higher density and underlaps length of the front and back guide bars. In addition, a new mechanical model for the bending behaviour of warp-knitted fabrics using an energy method is presented. In this model, the knitted loop structure is assumed to consist of a series of straight and skew yarns simulating legs and underlaps while considering a rigid region lying in the direction of bending. Experimental results show that there is a reasonable agreement between the calculated and measured values for both wale and course directions.


Traditional tests of …nancial risk for optimal portfolio choice based on Sharpe ratios are inherently ensconsed in the normality assumption of the return distribution besides independence. Such tests are not strictly valid for …nancial data that are known to be leptokurtic, and often show persistence in levels or volatility. We propose a smooth total moment risk measure with directional components that address the drawbacks of such procedures for practical implementation and inference. Our illustration of the proposed test on hedge fund indices with other existing measures show promising future for the new risk measure that has known tabulated distributions.


The purpose of blasting in open-pit mines is achieving a desired fragment size distribution, considering safety and environmental aspects. Regarding economic aspects, fragmentation plays a critical role in the total costs of mining operation. Poor fragmentation, oversize and undersize, means economic loss and as a consequence, putting the whole mining operation at risk. Risk assessment prior to blasting operation can be a helpful tool for total cost reduction. This paper presents a new model to analyze the risk due to poor fragmentation in rock blasting, based on the concept of Rock Engineering Systems (RES). The principles of RES were used to define an index, the so called vulnerability index (VI), expressing the risk condition due to poor fragmentation. In defining the new model, two main steps must be taken into account. The first step is to identify the parameters that are responsible for the occurrence of risk in the case of fragmentation (poor fragmentation), analyze their behavior and evaluate the significance (weight) that each one has in the overall risk conditions (poor fragmentation). In this step, the RES principles can be used to assess the weighting of the parameters involved. In the second step, the vulnerability index can be determined, which shows the level of risk expected for each blast. The data for 30 blasts, carried out in Sungun copper mine, western Iran, were used to validate the model. The results obtained indicating the capability of the model proposed.


A method for spotting issues is described which uses a system we are developing for searching interpretations spaces and constructing legal arguments. The system is compatible with the legal philosophy known as legal positivism, but does not depend on its notion of clear cases. AI methods applied in the system include an ATMS reason maintenance system, Poole's framework for default reasoning, and an interactive natural deduction theorem prover with a programmable control component for including domain-dependent heuristic knowledge. Our issue spotting method is compared with Gardner's program for identifying the hard and easy issues raised by offer and acceptance law school examination questions.


This paper uses survey data from the 10 largest EU countries to investigate the role of producers' expectations in the determination of aggregate output. For each country we define an output variable that captures the country's deviation in terms of economic growth from the rest of the EU. A first round of estimates documents for each country the persistence of the deviation of its output growth relative to the growth in the rest of the EU. In a second round of estimates we make use of the survey data on expected output and show that this variable explains a significant part of the observed output differences. A further round of estimates adds selling price expectations as explanatory variables to the estimation. Finally, VAR models are estimated which allow an assessment of the quantitative effects of expectation shocks on aggregate production. Overall, our results support earlier and very recent findings from other studies suggesting the importance of variations in expectations as drivers of output variations.


Abstract 4542 Introduction: Consolidation with autologous transplantation (AutoSCT) may extend progression free survival when administered following initial induction. There are limited data to support the role of AutoSCT in the relapsed or refractory setting. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all patients with MCL transplanted at our institution before 2010. We identified 57 patients, among whom 42 were transplanted in first remission (CR1, n=32; PR1 n=10), 11 in second remission (CR2, n=4, PR2, n=7), and 4 with relapsed/refractory disease beyond first remission. Results: The median PFS are: CR1 37mo, PR1 24mo, CR2 not reached, and PR2 23mo. No statistically significant difference was observed between patients transplanted CR1 vs PR1 (p one-sided =0.08), CR2 vs PR2 (p one-sided =0.10), or in CR/PR1 vs CR/PR2 (p one-sided =0.39). The median PFS for those with refractory disease, and/or those transplanted beyond second remission was 6mo which is significantly inferior to the cohort of those transplanted in first or second remission (p one-sided =.01). The median OS calculated from transplant are: CR1 63mo, PR1 50mo, CR2 not reached, PR2 45mo. No statistically significant difference was observed between patients transplanted CR1 vs PR1 (p one-sided =0.47), CR2 vs PR2 (p one-sided =0.46), or in CR/PR1 vs CR/PR2 (p one-sided =0.29). The median OS for those with refractory disease, and/or those transplanted beyond second remission was 16mo which is not statistically significantly inferior to the cohort of those transplanted in first or second remission (p one-sided =.067). MIPI data collected at diagnosis were available for 30 patients, all transplanted in first or second remission with chemosensitive disease. These data were not predictive of survival or progression from transplantation. Simplified MIPI obtained at the time of transplant were available for 44 patients, all transplanted in first or second remission with chemosensitive disease. These data were similarly uninformative for prediction of progression or survival from transplantation. Conclusions: Consolidation with AutoSCT may be similarly effective for patients in first relapse with chemosensitive disease. MIPI at diagnosis and the simplified MIPI at transplant may failed to account for survival among highly selected patients considered eligible for transplantation. Disclosures: Sokol: Celgene: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.


Psychiatria Danubina, 2022; Vol. 34, Suppl. 1, pp 26-888 S883 Acknowledgement: The research is supported by: National Social Science Fund Key Project "'The Historical Confluence Period' Theory and Countermeasures of Effectively Narrow the Multidimensional Development Gap in Ethnic Areas" (No. 18AMZ001); The Innovative Research PhD Project of Southwest University for Nationalities in 2018, "Research on Indicators and Labeling System" (No. CX2018BS13); The National Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences (Cultivate), "China West National Economic Research Center" 2018 Research Project: "Research on Economic Development in the Northern Frontier Region of China" (No. CWEER201808).


The authors describe a new dead tank SF/sub 6/ circuit breaker which can be used as a replacement for bulk oil circuit breakers as well in a new substations. It utilises a modern SF/sub 6/ single pressure design and a spring mechanism of known reliability. The circuit breaker incorporates slip-over current transformers and has a 40 kA short circuit capability. The circuit breaker is the result of a common development for both the USA and UK.


CPRE released its evaluation of one of the most ambitious and well-documented expansions of a U.S. instructional curriculum. The rigorous independent evaluation of the Investing in Innovation (i3) scale-up of Reading Recovery, a literacy intervention for struggling first graders, was a collaboration between CPRE and the Center for Research on Education and Social Policy (CRESP) at the University of Delaware. The CPRE/CRESP evaluation revealed that students who participated in Reading Recovery significantly outperformed students in the control group on measures of overall reading, reading comprehension, and decoding. These effects were similarly large for English language learners and students attending rural schools, which were the student subgroups of priority interest for the i3 scale-up grant program. The study included an in-depth analysis of program implementation. Key findings focus on the contextual factors of the school and teachers that support the program's success and the components of instructional strength in Reading Recovery. Disciplines Curriculum and Instruction | Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research | Educational Methods | Education Policy | Elementary and Middle and Secondary Education Administration | Elementary Education and Teaching | Reading and Language Comments View on the CPRE website. This report is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/cpre_researchreports/81 CONSORTIUM forPOLICYRESEARCH inEDUCATION A RESEARCH REPORT UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA MARCH 2016 Henry May


The artificial neural network is one of the most active branches of intellectual controlled field nowadays, which has very strong theoretical and practical value. This article, using the digital inverted pendulum Experimental provision and the neural network identification software package (nnsysid), has developed a simple human-computer interaction platform with MATLAB tool. The interface is clear, easy to operate, and useful for students to understand the course of neural network modeling for non-linear inverted pendulum system correctly and systematically. It achieves the purpose of making good use of experimental facilities, enriching the content of courses and expanding student's range of knowledge.


MAXX is a manufacturing-oriented simulator designed for detailed modeling and analysis of a manufacturing line. It is capable of evaluating both steady-state long-term performance and transient performance based on short-term production schedules for many types of manufacturing systems. It requires no programming by a user; instead, users interact with MAXX through menus, tables, forms, and a graphical routine editor. It is shown how MAXX can be used to model an electronic card manufacturing line and simulation results are presented for an example model.<<ETX>>


Quantum key distribution (QKD) systems are open systems. Thus, an eavesdropper can actively influence the elements of the system through the communication line, altering their regular operation. One known attack is an attack with detector blinding. With such an attack, the eavesdropper can obtain the entire key and remain undetectable. The paper proposes a fundamentally new method of detecting and protecting quantum cryptography systems with phase coding against the attack with avalanche detector blinding. The proposed method is based on diverting a part of the input signal in the receiving terminal to bypass the interferometer and deliver it to the same avalanche detectors. Measuring the detector response in different time windows, both for the bypassed signal and the normal operation range, one can effectively identify the ongoing detector blinding attack. The method does not require radical changes in existing quantum cryptography systems and is quite universal, since it can be used for any phase-coded quantum key distribution protocol. The method provides a fundamental strategy of detecting and protecting against the attack at the level of the quantum key distribution protocol, and not at the level of technical 'patches'.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the limits of providing access to information for everyone in Denmark compared to the 1999 IFLA Statement on Libraries and Intellectual Freedom. There are several aspects of decrease in the liberty of expression in Denmark within the areas of politics, ethics, laws etc. The cases analysed demonstrate that there are even more problems to consider when trying to fulfil the principles of the IFLA 1999 Statement - a statement meant to be universal but not even fulfilled in an industrialised country like Denmark. From time to time, different issues relating to public libraries and intellectual freedom come to a broader attention of the public. Several of these cases are analyzed due to their controversy with censorship, lack of knowledge and media diversity, and finally decreasing protection of human rights in information seeking behaviour. Investigations of the public debate concerning libraries and information centres in juridical, economical and cultural politics. Also, philosophical considerations in ethics have been conducted.


A study was conducted with 36 landless, 34 marginal, 20 small and 15 medium - large (total 105) randomly selected goat farmers of 8 purposively selected villages under Goat Production Technology Transfer Area of the Farah block of Mathura District, Uttar Pradesh. Middle men in the Marketing of goats work as link between the producers and consumers. They stand on their merits and demerits which were explored in this study. Demerits caused from middlemen in the marketing of goats were observed by the goat farmers as less profit, creation of hindrances, consumption of more time, quarrelling and cheating in the marketing etc. The merits from the middlemen as observed by the goat farmers were getting help in selling and purchasing of goats at the farmer's house, saving of labour and time, selling of goats at suitable price and sick animals at appropriate cost.


The research content and influence factor of tank target and infrared irradiation characteristics with ground object background are summarized. The main battle tank and typical infrared irradation characteristics with ground object background are emphatically expounded. The physical base of thermal imaging antagonistic technology of tank is introduced. This paper has higher reference value for solving the collectivity of tank's infrared characteristic signal control and restrain technology research of main infrared irradiation source.


Aim: This study was planned to assess the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic usage to that of regular antibiotics usage in patients undergoing elective surgeries. Material and Methods: A comparative Prospective study was conducted in the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Mamata Academy of Medical Sciences, Bachupally, Hyderabad, India for the period of 2 years. Total 200 Patients for elective LSCS and BMI < 30 were include in this study. Group A - patients received injection Ceftriaxone 1gm. intravenous stat at the time of induction of anesthesia. Group B - patients received intravenous ampicillin and metronidazole for 1 day followed by oral for next 5 days. Temperature monitoring, vital signs, abdominal, perineal examinations were performed daily till 5-7 days. Results: Patients were randomly divided on alternate number basis, in 2 groups (Group A Ceftriaxone 1gm iv stat and Group B ampicillin and metronidazole for 5 days) each consisted of 100 patients. Mean age was 24.5±4.2 years in group A & 23.4±3.8 years in group B. BMI at the time of admission was 27.9±7.8 kg/m² & 28.8± 6.2 kg/m² in group A & B respectively. Mean duration of surgery was 45.8±6.8 min in group A & 46.1±5.4 in group B. Average blood loss was in groups A 645±70 & 670±75 in group B was comparable. Mean days of hospitalisation was 4.6±4.1 days & 5.4±3.1 days in group A & B respectively. History of previous laparotomy like LSCS, ectopic surgery, etc. was present in 42 & 36 patients from group A & B respectively. Fever was most common morbidity noted (Group A – 7& Group B -5) followed by urinary tract infection (Group A – 5 & Group B -7), wound infection, endometritis & early neonatal sepsis. Statistical difference between group A & B was non-significant for all morbidities. Conclusion: We conclude that the single dose antibiotic prophylaxis is as effective as conventional multi dose antibiotic therapy.


British Empire history is a scholarly field with considerable genealogy and longevity, certainly in comparison to the historiographies of other modern empires. However, despite this long history, the frameworks within which this historiography has considered the formation, significance and implications of the empire have been limited. The dominant historiographical interpretation has either accepted the empire as a political and economic past to be studied but not interrogated, or has exhibited nostalgia for Britain's lost imperial greatness. Since the dramatic reinvigoration of the field in recent years by new approaches, such as postcolonial and feminist theories, historians of Britain and its empire now hold radically competing visions. Much of the new scholarship identifies the British Isles themselves as a site of the empire, asserting the metropole's implication in aspects of imperial history from slavery, to Orientalist and racial thinking, to colonial hierarchies. Other historians reject contentions that the empire was a part of British metropolitan history, seeing instead a separation between "home" and "away," and emphasizing positive legacies of the empire—an insistence that has provoked charges of nostalgia. This historiographical debate, labelled by Catherine Hall as Britain's own version of the "history wars," 1 has played out in monographs,


Reconstructing 3D data from images becomes harder if the goal is to recover the dynamics of the 3D world from the image flow. However, it is known that humans integrate and combine the information from different sensorial systems to perceive the world. For example, the human vision system has close links with the vestibular system to perform everyday tasks. A computational approach for sensorial data integration, inertial and vision, is presented for a mobile robot equipped with an active vision system and inertial sensors. The inertial information is a different sensorial modality and, in this article, we explain our initial steps to combine this information with other sensorial systems, namely vision. Some of the benefits of using inertial information for navigation and dynamic visual processing are described in the article. During the development of these studies a low-cost inertial system prototype was developed. A brief description of low-cost inertial sensors and their integration in an inertial system prototype is also described. The set of sensors used in the prototype include three piezoelectric vibrating gyroscopes, a tri-axial capacitive accelerometer and a dual axis clinometer. As a first approach the clinometer is used to track the camera's pan and tilt, relative to a plane normal to the gravity vector and parallel to the ground floor. This provides the orientation data that, combined with a process of visual fixation, enables the identification of the ground plane or others parallel to it. An algorithm that segments the image, identifying the floor along which the vehicle can move is thus obtained.


Follicular lymphoma (FL) comprises nearly 25% of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma cases and is clinically characterized by initial sensitivity to chemotherapy followed by relapse. FL stroma contains a special type of stromal cell found in the germinal centre of lymph nodes—the follicular dendritic cell (FDC). We first isolated tumourigenic cells from the FL cell line FLK‐1 by side population (SP) technique, and found that SP cells, which express ABCG2, were enriched by chemotherapy and radiation treatments. In vitro, SP cells were attracted by and adhered to FDCs through chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 12/chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor 4 (CXCL12/CXCR4) signalling. In vivo, limiting dilution assays showed SP cells were highly enriched in cancer stem cells (CSC), but required FDC for tumour formation in non‐obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Treatment with AMD3100, a specific CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibitor, eliminated tumour growth. These findings were then verified with FL cells isolated from an FL patient's ascitic fluid (FLA‐1). Finally, we detected the ABCG2 expressing lymphoma cells in FL clinical specimens. Thus, we found that the highly tumourigenic FL cells having CSC‐like activities (FL‐SC) interact with FDCs in a CXCL12/CXCR4 dependent manner to resist chemotherapy. Our results indicate the importance of FL‐SC and niche cell signalling in maintaining tumourigenicity. These signals represent novel targets for CSC eradication.


In the batch production, the use of a single machine for several stages of the processes will result in waiting time of production batch to be long. It will cause an increase in work in process (WIP) inventory cost. CNC-machining centre is a type of CNC machine that can carries out several stages of processes singly. In some cases, this machine is often single used to make a product through several stages of processes, from raw material to end product. One of the reasons to use a single machine is to avoid transfer from one stage (machine) to next machine. However, single use causes inventory to accumulate due to long waiting times. The objective of this research is to reduce the WIP inventory cost at the CNC-machining centre. Scheduling to minimize WIP inventory cost is done through two steps. First step, divide number of stages of processes to be assigned to m serial CNC-machining centers. Second step, determine transfer batch size is smaller than the production batch size to be transferred to the next stages. The results of this research indicate that there is a reduction in WIP inventory cost by 53.47 percent. Scheduling multi-stage batch production on m machines with small transfer batch size will reduce WIP inventory cost.


We propose a novel wavelength coding scheme suitable to wavelength striped interconnects and use modelling results to show an improvement in input power dynamic range of an SOA based switch.


New diverse N-aryl-N-[1-furyl(thienyl)but-3-enyl]amines (homoallylamines) or 2-(N-arylmethylamino)-2-furyl(thienyl)acetonitriles (α-aminonitriles) were easily prepared in good to excellent yields by an indium-mediated Barbier-type reaction between N-hetarylaldimines and allyl bromide in MeOH or a direct three component reaction between anilines, hetaryl aldehydes and trimethylsilyl cyanide in the presence of a catalytic amount of molecular iodine at room temperature, respectively. The entire set of amines was characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.


Health care is one of those industries where computerization and networking processes are proceeding very fast. At the same time, cost justification pressures are very high, and personnel resources turn scarce in many countries. Add to this the fine-tuned ethical dimension of delivering at least minimum service to all citizens regardless of their income. No wonder the industry is in a turbulent situation, where new ways of organizing activities are badly needed and emerging too.


Gold-catalyzed silica nanowires were grown using vapor from the active oxidation of the silicon substrate and then implanted with erbium and annealed. During prolonged annealing at 1100 °C, where the concentration of vapor-phase reactants is sufficient to support nanowire growth, the erbium rich precipitates act as catalysts for the growth of a second generation of nanowires. These secondary nanowires increase in photoluminescence as they grow, suggesting that a fraction of the optically active erbium is incorporated into the growing wire. The resulting luminescent nanostructures have a very large surface-to-volume fraction and are well suited for optical-sensing applications.


The Bulwell EAZ partnership (of six primary schools and one secondary school in North Nottingham) runs a series of progressive camping residentials. These start with a one-night, single-school residential in Year 2, followed by a one-night, two-school shared residential in Year 3/4 and a two-night, two-school shared residential in Year 5. To keep costs down, all of Bulwell's residentials involve camping, are within 30 minutes drive of the schools and are run by teachers and student leaders. The Year 2 camp takes place annually in the summer term within a secure walled garden at Wollaton Hall, twenty minutes away from Bulwell. Each of the six Primary schools in the partnership takes their Year 2 pupils to camp in tents on the site for one night, where they take part in activities including den building, orienteering, team games, storytelling and toasting marshmallows on the camp fire. They also use the Hall itself for curriculum-related activities. For many children, the Wollaton Camp is their first taste of life away from home where they look after their own belongings, get themselves ready for bed and dressed in the morning, and deal (with the help of staff and friends) with any problems they come up against in their time away. Food is cooked and brought in from a nearby school kitchen and there is a ready supply of drinking water on site as well as portable toilets.


Electronic structures, potential energy surfaces (PES), and some one‐electron properties of 12 electronic states of the NbH+2 and MoH+2 ions are studied using the complete active space MCSCF (CASSCF) followed by multireference singles plus doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) calculations. The 3B2 ground state of NbH+2 (re =1.687 A, θe =105.2°) is formed by the spontaneous insertion of Nb+(a3F, 4d35s1) into H2 while the lowest a 5F(4d35s1) state of the Nb+ ion has to surmount a barrier to 56 kcal/mol to insert into H2. The ground state (4B2) potential energy curve of MoH+2 contains two minima with geometries: re =1.637 A, θe =37° and re =1.626 A, θe =115.7°. The a4G state of Mo+ inserts spontaneously into H2 to form the 4B2 state of MoH+2, while the ground state (a 6S, 4d5) of the Mo+ ion has to overcome a barrier of 74 kcal/mol to form the linear 6Πu state of the MoH+2 ion. In the collinear mode of interaction, the ground state of Mo+ forms a van der Waals complex which is only 1.2 kcal/mol more st...


Abstract Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has caused a pandemic with tens of millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths. The infection causes COVID-19, a disease of the respiratory system of divergent severity. Here, the humoral immune response of a cohort of 143 COVID-19 patients from the University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Germany was characterized. Methods SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SARS-CoV-2 and hCoV NL63 neutralization activity was analyzed with pseudotyped lentiviral vectors. Results COVID-19 severity increased with age and male patients encountered more serious symptoms than females. Disease severity correlated with the amount of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgA and the neutralization activity of the antibodies. The amount of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies decreased with time after PCR conformation of the infection and antibodies directed against the nucleoprotein waned faster than spike directed antibodies. In contrast, for the common flu coronavirus NL63, COVID19 disease severity seemed to correlate with low NL63-neutralizing activities, suggesting the possibility of cross-reactive protection. Conclusion The results describe the humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and might aid the identification of correlates of protection needed for vaccine development.


ABSTRACT Organizations whose employees participate in risky cybersecurity behaviors (RCySecB) could suffer disastrous consequences either directly or indirectly from actions linked to such behaviors. This study used conceptualizations facilitated by Attribution Theory to examine the effects of dispositional factors (self-control and knowledge of IS security threats/risks and their potential consequences) and situational factors (security, education, training, and awareness (SETA) programs and computer monitoring) in reducing employee participation in RCySecB. Data was collected from a survey of working professionals in India, and relevant hypotheses were formulated. The PLS technique was used for data analysis. This study investigated the direct effects of the factors on the dependent construct and analyzed the interacting effects of the constructs as well. The results indicate that all factors reduce employee participation in RCySecB. However, the joint effects of the situational factor elements and the dispositional factor of personal knowledge security threats/risks and their potential consequences were insignificant in the model.


We use two different techniques to derive the two parameters describing conduction electron scattering and spin-flipping at sputtered Al/Cu interfaces in the current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) geometry. These parameters are: 2ARAl/Cu, twice the interface specific resistance, where A is the area through which the CPP current flows; and δAl/Cu, which gives the probability P of spin-flipping from P = 1 – exp(−δ). A technique involving simple multilayers, and sample temperature not exceeding room temperature, gives 2ARAl/Cu = 2.3 ± 0.2 fΩm2. A technique involving exchange-biased spin-valves (EBSVs), where the sample is annealed briefly to 453 K, gives 2ARAl/Cu = 2.0 ± 0.15 fΩm2. Averaging the two values, but increasing the uncertainty for reasons explained, gives the best estimate of 2ARAl/Cu = 2.15 ± 0.4 fΩm2. This average is comparable to, but smaller than, the published value of 2ARAl/Cu = 3.6 ± 1 fΩm2 derived from thermal conductance measurements, and larger than our calculated values for interface thic...


As power costs contiue to climb, users of electric motors are more inclined to investigate designs that promise energy savings and higher efficiency in operation. Interest in energy savings was practically dormant before the 1973 Arab oil boycott when electric power costs represented only a small part of production expense. At the present time, however, the 400% jump in this cost category makes it attractive for users, and particularly those users in the chemical processing industries which are highly energy-intensive, to evaluate the influx of ''high-efficiency'' and ''energy-efficient'' lines of motors currently being offered by a number of manufacturers.


Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) belongs to the family Zingiberaceae is one of the earliest known oriental spices and is being cultivated in India for both as fresh vegetable and as a dried spice since time immemorial. It is an herbaceous perennial, the rhizomes of which are used as a spice. Ginger is cultivated in most of the states in India. However, states namely Karnataka, Kerala, Orissa, Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, and Gujarat are the major ginger growing states in India.


Organocatalysis is nowadays recognized as the third pillar of asymmetric synthesis, standing next to metal catalysis and enzymatic transformations. Proline has shown up as an ideal organocatalyst, being inexpensive and readily available. However, this amino acid has also manifested its limitations. Compared to the chemical modification of proline, the approach through adding small hydrogen-bond-donating cocatalysts to interact with proline is particularly attractive. Various additives have been investigated to date. This chapter discloses the use of guanidinium salts as additives for proline, investigated in the course of proline-catalyzed aldol reactions.


OBJECTIVES
Before the Fall 2020 semester, college presidents and the NCAA made decisions about playing college football. The current study aims to examine the association between college football games and COVID-19 infections at universities.

PARTICIPANTS
More than 1,800 college campuses nationwide from The New York Times database on COVID-19 cases on college campuses.

METHODS
Random effects negative binomial regression is used to analyze the association between college football games, membership to college football organizations, and COVID-19 cases at the universities studied.

RESULTS
The number of football games played was significantly associated with higher COVID-19 cases at the universities studied. Membership to certain college football organizations was also significantly associated with higher COVID-19 cases, particularly FBS and Power Five conferences.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings provide a baseline for subsequent analyses across other sports and advocates for continued assessment of protocols that ensure the safety and well-being of student-athletes, fans, and university communities.


In the present work we investigate the temporal development of arbitrarily distributed voids in a visco‐plastic material under different loading regimes. A mesoscopic continuum model is used in order to take the microstructure of the material into account. In particular, we introduce a mesoscopic space representing an extension of the space‐time domain of the continuum mechanical fields. This extended domain requires a reformulation of the classical balance equations as well as the consideration of additional constitutive quantities. Furthermore a mesoscopic distribution function can be introduced which follows an own balance. Assuming a special model of porous composites, the spherical shell model, all required steps are elaborated in order to describe load‐induced void‐growth in a metal‐like matrix. We conclude with some exemplary results which show astonishing similarities with co‐called LSW‐theories. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A novel energetic compound 1,5-diamino-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole(BANT) was synthesized by reduction and amination using ammonium salt of 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole as starting material with overall yield of 64%.The structure of BANT was characterized by IR,NMR,MS and elemantal analysis.The single crystal of BANT was cultured and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray crystallogaphy.The results show that the crystal is monoclinic,space group C2/c with crystal parameters of:a=11.672(4)nm,b=3.7395(13) nm,β=1.463°,c=13.365(5)nm,V=564.5(3)nm3,Dc=1.696 g/cm3.


An isogeometric Galerkin approach for analysing the free vibrations of piezoelectric shells is presented. The shell kinematics is specialized to infinitesimal deformations and follow the Kirchhoff–Love hypothesis. Both the geometry and physical fields are discretized using Catmull–Clark subdivision bases. This provides the required C1$$ {C}^1 $$ ‐continuous discretization for the Kirchhoff–Love theory. The crystalline structure of piezoelectric materials is described using an anisotropic constitutive relation. Hamilton's variational principle is applied to the dynamic analysis to derive the weak form of the governing equations. The coupled eigenvalue problem is formulated by considering the problem of harmonic vibration in the absence of external load. The formulation for the purely elastic case is verified using a spherical thin shell benchmark. Thereafter, the piezoelectric shell formulation is verified using a one dimensional piezoelectric beam. The piezoelectric effect and vibration modes of a transverse isotropic curved plate are analyzed and evaluated for the Scordelis–Lo roof problem. Finally, the eigenvalue analysis of a CAD model of a piezoelectric speaker shell structure showcases the ability of the proposed method to handle complex geometries.


Public schools throughout the United States face increasing pressure to improve student achievement in math and science. As instructional leaders, principals find themselves facing this pressure head on. Drawing from a comprehensive survey of high school principals in the state of Washington (n = 250), the results indicate that a majority of school administrators in Washington had no formal education in math or science. However, an analysis of the principals' responses suggests that they are exercising leadership in relation to these subjects in their schools. School-level factors appear to explain more of the variation in their leadership in math and science rather than their educational backgrounds. When these factors were controlled for, principals with a math or science background did appear to engage in leadership actions that were different from those without such a background. The article concludes by discussing these results in relation to instructional leadership and leadership preparation.


In order to meet the need of air refueling mission,we need to resolve the technology problem of air-to-air distance measuring. The difference between air-to-air and air-to-ground distance measuring of certain type of TACAN(Tactical Air Navigation) system and some special problems such as frequency control, touch off signal and over-loading control are discussed. Certain type of TACAN system can be used for air-to-air distance measuring through the appropriate setting on the base of air-to-ground distance measuring.It is very useful to air refueling mission. Studying and solving these problems will have great and special meaning to explore and study airborne equipment.


There has been a longstanding interest in relating road accidents and traffic flows, since such relationships have many useful applications in the field of both highway and traffic engineering. These applications include the improvement of design standards for new highways, the identification of unusually hazardous conditions and the prediction of the effect of traffic flow changes on accident occurrence. This study consisted of a statistical analysis of data relating to accidents, traffic flows and road type in the vicinity of the Christchurch Southern arterial in New Zealand. The final aim was to establish statistical relatihonships between accidents and traffic flow for roads with different types of carrigeway and adjacent land use.


Intensification of production systems exposes fish to stress agents, such as poor water quality and crowding, affecting physiological condition of cultured fish, negatively influencing their immune system and increasing susceptibility to microorganism infections (Gopalakannan & Arul, 2006; Sado et al., 2010). Synthetic chemicals and antibiotics have been used to treat fish disease outbreaks. However, indiscriminate and frequent use of drugs in animals is a concern, even for levamisole (Lewis et al., 1980). Antibiotics, specially, may lead the development of drug-resistant micro-organisms, immunosuppression and residues buildup in the animals (Rijkers et al., 1980; Anderson, 1992; Lunden et al., 1998; Maqsood et al., 2009). Furthermore, preventive measures are better than using drugs and chemicals to control these problems (Maqsood et al., 2009). In such a context, levamisole, a synthetic imidazothiazole approved as anthelminthic for humans and many mammals (Li et al., 2006b), has been shown to have immunostimulatory properties for humans and animals, fish and shrimp included. The use of levamisole as vaccines adjuvant in fish has elicited higher levels of circulating antibody, improved antibody response and nonspecific immunity (Anderson & Jeney, 1992). Dietary levamisole has also being reported to positively affect IgM values (Cuesta et al., 2004) and to enhance fish resistance to pathogenic bacteria (Kajita et al., 1990; Findlay & Munday, 2000; Sahoo & Mukherjee, 2002; Gopalakannan & Arul, 2006; Li et al., 2006a). Levamisole has also been shown to enhance in vitro antibody production, superoxide anion and phagocytic activity (Siwicki, 1989; Siwicki et al., 1990; Mulero et al., 1998; Morrison et al., 2001; Sahoo & Mukherjee, 2002; Ispir & Yonar, 2007). In spite of such encouraging results and the already regular use of the substance as immunostimulatory drug in aquaculture, knowledge on levamisole's pharmacokinetic parameters in fish is still scarce. This paper reports original and pioneer data on drug clearance after intramuscular administration of levamisole to fish, using the neotropical Siluriform speckled surubim Pseudoplatystoma corruscans as study model. This species is an important freshwater, carnivorous South America catfish, attractive to both the capture fisheries and fish culture (Lovshin & Cyrino, 1998). Analytical grade levamisole (>99%) was collected from Sigma Chemical (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Plasma levamisole quantitation was performed according to El-Kholy and Kemppainen (2003); analyses were performed on a Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC System, grade solvents collected from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), on a Phenomenex (Luna) C18 250 9 4.4 mm chromatographic column packed with 5-lm particle size reverse-phase; detection was performed on a UV–Vis detector, 225-nm wavelength. The mobile phase was an acetic acid 2%: methanol (1/1 v/v) solution, 1 mL/min flux, at 25 °C. Levamisole extraction was carried out according to Garcia et al. (1990); quantitation limit was 1.0 lg/mL and detection limit was 0.5 lg/mL. Twenty-one healthy, juvenile specked surubim were individually weighed (390 ± 40 g) and kept in 21 plastic tanks (80 L) in a closed-loop, constantly aerated system (27 ± 0.5 ° C; pH 8.07 ± 0.07; dissolved oxygen 6.1 ± 0.4; conductivity 4.13 ± 0.04 mS/cm; salinity 0.22 ± 0.004%; total ammonia 0.25 ppm; dissolved total solid 2.64 ± 0.03 g/L), under a 12-h dark–12-h light photoperiod. Fish were hand-fed a commercial diet in two daily meals diet (crude protein 40%, digestible energy 3400 kcal/kg); feeding was stopped 24 h before drug administration. Fish were anesthetized (Eugenol [Biodinâmica, Ibipora, SP, Brazil] 1:50 000 v/v) and injected once in the dorsal muscle, at beginning of dorsal fin, with 50-mg levamisole/kg body weight, dissolved in 1.0 mL of sterile physiological solution (0.6%). All of them recovered normal behavior within 30 sec. It means fish were not under influence of the anesthetic during the early time points. Blood samples (2.0 mL) were collected from the caudal vein using plastic syringe imbibed in 10% EDTA solution at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 12.0 h after injection. Each fish was used only once for blood sampling; three animals were used per time point. Plasma was collected through centrifugation (15 min; 2000 g)


Generating Web site schema is a core step for value-added services on the web such as comparative shopping and information integration systems. Several approaches have been developed to detect this schema. For a real web site, due to the complexity of the site schema, post process of this schema such as labeling the schema types, comparing among different schema types and generating an extractor to extract instances of a schema type is a challenge. In this paper, a new tree structured called schema-type semantic model is proposed as a classifier for a schema type. Given some instances of a schema type, HTML tags contents, DOM trees structural information and visual information of these instances are exploited for the classifier construction. Using multivariate normal distribution, the classifier can be used to compare between two different schema types; i.e., the classifier can be used for schema mapping which is a core step of information integration. Also, the suggested classifier can be used to detect and extract instances of a schema type; i.e., it can be used as an extractor for web data extraction systems. Furthermore, the classifier can be used to improve the performance of the schema generated by web data extraction systems; i.e., the classifier can be used to get, as much as possible, a perfect schema. The experiments show an encourage result with the schemas of the test web sites (a data set of 40 web sites). General Terms Information Extraction, Schema-Type Classifier


Work is being redefined as both literally female and feminized, whether performed by men or women. To be feminized means to be made extremely vulnerable; able to be disassembled, reassembled, exploited as a reserve labour force; seen less as workers than as servers; subjected to the arrangements on and off the paid job that make a mockery of a limited work day; leading an existence that always borders on being obscene, out of place, and reducible to sex. [... F]actory, home, and market are integrated on a new scale and [...] the places of women are crucial—and need to be analysed for differences among women and for meanings for relations between men and women in various situations. (Haraway 1991: 166)


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify the corporate functions that contribute most to the innovation success of SMEs with limited resources. After a systematic literature review, the authors used a unique primary data set of 784 SMEs from eight countries. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to show the data set peculiarities. The logistic regression targeted the presence of innovative products and services in sales by 11 dummy variables and 4 principal factors describing SMEs' different resources and capabilities.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors developed a resource-based product innovation model that is synthesising the impact of the company resources and capabilities and of the innovation activity of the company on the actual innovation performance. The authors carry out an empirical analysis of the characteristic features of innovation activity in an international sample of SMEs.

Findings
The results show that two corporate functions play a crucial role in the effectiveness of innovation for SMEs as follows: management and research and development (R&D). In addition, although of lesser importance, the effect of the marketing function also appears significant. The binary logistic regression had 84.2% of explanatory power.

Originality/value
From a scientific point of view, the SME-focussed, complex and synthesising RBV model of innovation construction and literature review can be used as a reference point for future researches. From a practical point of view, the analysis is useful for those SMEs, which want to gain a competitive advantage through innovation. Indeed, the results show that in the case of SMEs, a company wishing to innovate must invest in three corporate functions for innovation to be effective as follows: management, R&D and marketing.


In this study, deposition of Tribaloy T800 on cobalt-based L605 substrate using micro-laser-aided additive manufacturing (micro-LAAM) was explored. The micro-LAAM process was studied to achieve sound integrity of the deposited layer. The microhardness and microstructure of the deposited Tribaloy T800 layer were investigated. The results showed that the developed micro-LAAM process can achieve single-layer crack-free deposition of Tribaloy T800 onto cobalt-based L605 without pre-heating of the substrate. Surface roughness of Ra 8 μm was obtained, indicating that micro-LAAM can significantly improve the surface quality. Very high microhardness in the range of 818 to 1000 Hv was achieved. Cellular grains with very fine dendritic microstructure and Laves phase were observed in the deposited Tribaloy T800, which contributed to the high hardness. With all the results obtained, it can be concluded that it is feasible to deposit Tribaloy T800 on L605 substrate with micro-LAAM to achieve sound integrity and high hardness.


A simple technique for extracting stem nematodes from air-dried samples of lucerne is described. The technique was found to be suitable for use in a breeding programme to improve resistance to stem nematodes in lucerne.


The liquid‐crystalline polymorphism of the homologous series of 4‐hexyloxybenzylidene‐4′‐alkyloxyanilines is investigated. Basing on the polarization microscopy (POM, TOA), the DSC calorimetry and miscibility studies the following mesophases were detected: nematic, smectic A, smectic C and smectic I. The phase diagrams of the compounds of these series with 4‐hexyloxybenylidene‐4′‐pentylaniline (as the standard of mesophases) show induction of the smectic F mesophases. Their dependence on the alkyl chain length and mole fraction is shown. *. Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA


caffolding MAPK cascades in yeast and mammals APK cascades are highly conserved signaling modules in ukaryotes. A canonical MAPK cascade consists of three quentially acting kinases, with the upstream MAPK kiase kinases (MAPKKKs) receiving signals from the senrs/receptors and activating downstream MAPK kinases APKKs) that then activate the bottom tier MAPKs rough phosphorylation. Over the past two decades, scafld proteins in yeast and mammals have been extensively udied and their roles extended from tethering to substrate rientation and allosteric regulation [1]. The first identified APK cascade scaffold protein, Ste5, connects heterotrieric G protein with a MAPK cascade (Ste11 Ste7 Fus3) regulate mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [1,2]. In e absence of pheromone, Ste5 interacts with Ste11 (a APKKK) and Ste7 (a MAPKK) and this complex is tained in the cytosol (Figure 1A). Binding of pheromone its receptor leads to activation of heterotrimeric G protein nd disassociation of Gbg from Ga. Subsequently, the Ste5 recruited to plasma membrane and interacts with the ee Gbg. The binding of Gbg induces conformational change f Ste5, which promotes recruitment of Fus3 (a MAPK) and e activation of this MAPK cascade. The activated Fus3 ot only phosphorylates its substrate in mating pathway, ut also phosphorylates Ste5 in a feedback pathway to finene signal amplitude and duration [1,2]. In mammals, MAPK scaffold protein KSR1 (Kinase uppressor of Ras 1) is constitutively associated with EK1/2 (two highly homologous MAPKKs) and retained the cytosol through the interaction with 14-3-3 protein in sting cells (Figure 1B). In the presence of growth factor, as activation leads to re-localization of KSR1-MEK1/2 in


In this study, differential item functioning (DIF) trends were examined for English language learners (ELLs) versus non-ELL students in third and tenth grades on a large-scale reading assessment. To facilitate the analyses, a meta-analytic DIF technique was employed. The results revealed that items requiring knowledge of words and phrases in context favored non-ELLs in grade 3, whereas items requiring evaluation skills favored ELLs in grade 10. However, inconsistent patterns were found across gender and ethnicity. Educational implications are discussed.


We consider dynamic dictionaries over the universe U = {0, 1}w on a unit-cost RAM with word size w and a standard instruction set, and present a linear space deterministic dictionary accommodating membership queries in time (log log n)O(1) and updates in time (log n)O(1), where n is the size of the set stored. Previous solutions either had query time (log n)Ω(1) or update time 2ω(√log n) in the worst case.


This paper reported the experimental result of breakdown voltage characteristics of Refined, Bleach and Deodorized Palm Olein (RBDPOlein) with 10–50% of Envirotemp FR3 oil (FR3) mixture. The experiment was conducted at the temperature of room temperature (26°C–27°C), 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C under quasi-uniform electric field of AC applied voltage. Experimental result revealed the increases trend of breakdown voltage with the increasing of FR3 ratio. All the breakdown voltage of RBDPOlein and FR3 mixture is fulfill the IEC 60156 standard which is greater than 30kV. The result of chemical compositions of the oil mixture was also investigated. The fatty acid composition of the oil mixture shows the decrement of palmitic acid, and oleic acid with significant increment of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The chemical composition test also reveals the presents of antioxidant additive, BHT in FR3, which might be give an effect to the increment of insulation strength.


Most people struggling with AIDS in rural Malawi r eceive care at home by families or volunteers. Malawi's health car e system is inadequate and would struggle to cope if there is an increase in AIDS patients reaching hospitals. Improving home based care is therefore a viable option required to limit premature mortality for AIDS patients. The ex t nsive coverage of mobile phone networks and the versatility of mobile phones provide an opportunity to strengthen referral system between h alt centres and care volunteers. The Evangelical Association of Malawi t hrough its HIV/AIDS department supported by Tearfund UK is implementing a mobile phone pilot project aimed at improving home based care provided by volunteers in the southern part of Malawi. A mid term evaluation of t he pilot reveals the need to take into account cultural and traditional reali ties in the community and need to be adaptable if dynamic opportunities of th is echnology are to be fully harnessed. This paper shares some of the find ings. 1. Justification of the Project The Evangelical Association of Malawi through its H IV/AIDS department supported by Tearfund UK is implementing a mobile phone pilot pr oject aimed at improving home based care provided by volunteers in the southern part of Malawi. The pilot project was implemented against the following background. Malaw i has been experiencing high rate of HIV/AIDS infection and prevalence now standing at 1 2.2%. Many rural people ill from AIDS often find hospitals are far and do not have e nough doctors, nurses, beds and medicine. Home Based Care volunteers or family members provid e the bulk of care for people living with AIDS. However, these primary care givers and c ommunity volunteers often lack the skills, and equipment to provide adequate care. In ma y cases volunteers walk long distances to take care of patients. Many volunteers are thems elve poor and in many instances share the little they have with the PLWHA (People Living With HIV/AIDS). On the health delivery side, Malawi has seen a drain on its health profess ionals. Many rural hospitals lack adequate human resources and health outreach programmes have been curtailed due to limited resources. The scale of HIV/AIDS has put further st rain on an ailing health delivery system. Prior to the pilot, a feasibility study was carrie d out by Accenture Partnership Development in two potential sites served by Nkhoma hospital and St. Martin's hospital. The study found that: • The extensive coverage of mobile phone network was confirmed. • Existing practices of community phones meant that t ere was a precedent in some remote parts of Malawi • Rural hospitals and health centre staff interviewed confirmed that lack of communication hampered referral systems especially in remote part s. Proceedings of M4D 2008, Karlstad University, Sweden – 31 The overall study confirmed that the project was g enerally feasible but the following dependencies needed to be looked at: i. Community a cceptance was critical especially of women using mobile phones; ii. improved mobile comm unication was not a silver bullet, it had to be implemented within a basket of other supp ort to those requiring care; iii. favourable economic environment required to ensure financial v bility of the project and promote motivation for care volunteers who themselves are p oor. The essence of the pilot was to see how in practic e information and communication technology (ICT) could contribute to increasing the quality of service that health care workers and volunteers provide for people living with AIDS. It is posed that better equipping of the community volunteers with effective communication m ode enables to access virtual support from trained staff and increase their capacity, imp rove the quality of community care and increase motivation through income generating capab ilities. 2. Design of the Project 2.1 Objective of the Project Overall Goal of the pilot: To contribute towards improving the level of home based care provided to poor families in rural Malawi. Specific pilot objective: To successfully field test a 12-month mobile techn ology project as an effective means of strengthening referral sys tem between rural home based care and health centers in two pilot areas of Malawi. The specific outcomes are: a. Improved communication leading to improved quality of care for PLWHA; b Financially sustain the volunteer s' use of mobile phone as an income generating activity; c. Mobile phone technological solution effectively reduces identified dependencies; d. Develop a video and print document atio for information share and recommendations for scale up after midterm evalua tion. 2.2 Project Implementation The pilot was designed as follows: Two mission hospitals (Nkhoma and St. Martin's) ser ving rural communities were selected as key pilot areas. Each project area had two main sites and each main site consisting of 5 village sites. This brings the total village s ite to 20. Each village site has 5 volunteer care givers (100 volunteers in total) and each care giv r oversees 10 patients (totalling 1000 patients for the pilot). The pilot was to be coordi nated by a project manager seconded to EAM with support at participating hospitals as well as structures at village level. Further support for the pilot was planned to be provided by Celtel (mobile phone provider) and Tearfund's HIV/AIDS Unit in Southern Africa. Volunteers would use the phones to contact health centres and hospitals if they needed to refer patients without having to travel the long di stance to hospitals themselves by foot or paid transport. Through the same phones, health sta ff could offer immediate real time advice to volunteers about what to do with a patient who d eteriorates or to confirm whether a doctor was available. Using the same phones, the volunteer s could use the phones to raise income by allowing business and private calls to the rest of the community. Communication infrastructure: The proposed mobile phone technology is based on GS M technology which is an open digital cellular techno logy suitable for the proposed project as it supports fast voice and text communication. Project proposed community phone handsets per participating village (Figure 1; fixed in one locat ion and covering a 45 min radius of volunteers' work). The community phone on Celtel (n ow Zain) mobile network will allow for business calls. Health referral and support calls w ill use a restricted numbers (at no charge) and business/family will be open for general use at a fee. Mobile phone handsets will be made available to volunteer supervisors, health cen tres and hospitals participating in the pilot. The village level phones were to be solar powered. 32 – Proceedings of M4D 2008, Karlstad University, Sweden Figure 1: Community phone handset 2.3 Organisational Structure The organisational structure was designed to provid e a comprehensive communication solution both for project management as well as to trengthen referral systems. At the village level the volunteers would cease to be isolated fro m the main health delivery system as is the case in many parts of Malawi. The organisational st ructure is depicted in Figure 2. Figure 2: Structure of the Pilot EAM Project Manager Tearfund


Abstract It is known that mackerel and pork belly release a strong odor in the process of roasting. We evaluated a dilution factor of odor arising during roasting mackerel or pork belly and the relative odor strength using several cooking tools and analyzed compounds causing odors with gas chromatograph / mass detector. Roasting pans used were grill with lid, electric grill without lid and general roasting pan, and a grill with lid can attach the activated carbon charcoal deodorant at the inside of lid. And all electric grills have a drip tray under the heater. We investigated characteristics of odor emission depending on the presence of water and deodorants in these cooking tools. Study has shown that roasting mackerel produces approximately 36 time more odors than roasting pork belly, and the reduced odor emission when roast with water. And it shows the reduced deodorant effect when cooked with water after attaching activated carbon charcoal in the cooking pan. Major odor causing compounds arising when cooking mackerel and pork belly were aldehydes with high boiling point such as octyl aldehyde with a low odor threshold value.


This paper, which is presented in two parts, develops a computational approach to strictly concave parametric programs of the form: Maximize α f1x + 1-αf2x subject to concave inequality constraints for each fixed value of α in the unit interval, where f1 and f2 are strictly concave and certain additional regularity conditions are satisfied. This class of problems subsumes a corresponding class of vector maximum problems and also, by means of a simple device, provides a deformation method for ordinary concave programming. The approach is based on exploiting the continuity properties of the parametric program so as to efficiently maintain a solution to the associated Kuhn-Tucker conditions as a traverses the unit interval. The same approach can be adapted to much more general parametric programs than the one above.

In Part I, a Basic Parametric Procedure is derived and shown to be finite in a certain sense. It forms the basis of various parametric programming algorithms, depending on what special assumptions are made on the functions. In Part II, additional theory is developed that facilitates computational implementation, and one possible general-purpose algorithm for a digital computer is given. An illustrative graphical example is presented and several extensions are indicated.


The Stone Age Meets the Digital Age: Exploring the Application of Digital, Three-Dimensional Technologies for the Study of Lithic Artifacts


We have been able to show in a recent study that light from combined soft and middle-power lasers applied on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8. has a positive effect on wound healing in rats. The present study was intended to clarify the influence of the type of laser light and treatment duration under controlled conditions. Soft laser light alone did not improve wound healing as judged by these criteria. Nor did a single dose of combined soft and middle-power laser light have any statistically significant effect


I WILL now close my eyes, I will stop my ears, I will turn away my senses from their objects, I will even efface from my consciousness all the images of corporeal things; or at least, because this can hardly be accomplished, I will consider them as empty and false; and thus, holding converse only with myself, and closely examining my nature, I will endeavor to obtain by degrees a more intimate and familiar knowledge of myself. I am a thinking ( conscious ) thing, that is, a being who doubts, affirms, denies, knows a few objects, and is ignorant of many,-[who loves, hates], wills, refuses, who imagines likewise, and perceives; for, as I before remarked, although the things which I perceive or imagine are perhaps nothing at all apart from me [and in themselves], I am nevertheless assured that those modes of consciousness which I call perceptions and imaginations, in as far only as they are modes of consciousness, exist in me.


Dark red crystals of the title compound are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with cell dimensions a= 18·139(15), b= 9·611(8), c= 18·919(15)A, β= 104·27(17)°, Z= 4. The structure was solved by direct methods. The final R for 3758 counter data refined by block-diagonal least-squares is 0·057. The cis-octahedral organometallic cation has an approximate two-fold symmetry axis. The CrIII–C(sp3)σ-bond length [2·107(12)A] is the same as that found in two aryl analogues. The Cr–N bond trans to carbon is 2·156(7) while that trans to nitrogen is 2·103(7)A, these differences are discussed in terms of σ- and π-bonding effects.


The DNA sequence of a region between the LTE1 and CYS3 genes on the left arm of chromosome I from Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains an open reading frame (ORF), YAL017, corresponding to the 5·0 kb FUN31 (Function Unknown Now) transcribed region. The predicted protein from this ORF contains 1358 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 152 531, and an identifiable serine/threonine protein kinase catalytic domain. When compared with other yeast protein kinases, the Ya1017p kinase most resembles the SNF1 serine/threonine protein kinase which is involved in regulating sucrose fermentation genes. The Ya1017p kinase shows highest amino acid identities with two mammalian carcinoma‐related serine/threonine protein kinases; PIM‐1, which shows induced expression in T‐cell lymphomas; and p78A1, whose expression is lost in human pancreatic carcinomas. Gene disruption of YAL017 indicates that it is non‐essential for growth on glucose.


Objective:To explore the value of hysteroscopy surgery in diagnosis and treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding in the monitor of B-ultrasound.Method: The clinical data of 115 cases of abnormal uterine bleeding were analyzed from July 2006 to December 2007 in this hospital.Result: Of 115 cases diagnosed by hysteroscopy,55 cases(47.8%) were treated with hysteroscopy electrocision in the monitor of B-ultrasound,no complications and the improvement rate of menses was 97.7%.Conclusion: Hysteroscopy is effective in diagnosis and treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding with little trauma,and hysteroscopy operation in the monitor of B-ultrasound high accuracy and determined therapeutic effect.


We have studied the potential inaccuracies in the geopotential height, its manifestation in the altitude profile of temperature measured by balloon‐borne GPS radiosonde (GPS sonde), and its association with the variations in ionospheric plasma density, particularly in the Indian low latitude region. Using results from a GPS sonde inter‐comparison campaign, conducted at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E, 6.4°N geomagnetic latitude) at different local times of a day, we show that differences in temperature at different geopotential heights vary with respect to the local time of the day in October 2010. However, differences in temperature become negligible and within the limits of experimental uncertainty if the comparison is made with respect to the time of measurements during the ascent rather than with respect to the GPS‐derived geopotential height. We show that the origin of the mismatch rests with the inaccurate estimation of geopotential height by the two GPS sondes and not due to any inaccuracy in their measurements itself. Differences in the geopotential height estimates are larger during late afternoon, resulting in larger temperature differences between the sondes, and least during late evening/early morning hours. The uncertainty in the geopotential height estimation remains well synchronized with the magnitude and variations in the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere. This study exhorts us to account for the local ionospheric variations while extracting the geopotential height profiles of temperature from GPS sonde measurements, especially in the low and equatorial regions where there are large spatial and temporal variations in the ionospheric densities.


Objective
To evaluate the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism and depression risk.

Methods
Available studies containing genotype frequencies of MTHFR C677T were chosen, and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of the association.

Results
Twenty-five eligible studies including 4 048 cases and 12 827 controls were identified. Meta-analysis showed a significant effect in the co-dominant model (T vs. C: OR0=1.25; Z=3.82, P=0.000; TT vs. CC: OR1=1.55, Z=3.79, P=0.000; except CT vs. CC: OR2=1.13; Z= 1.78, P=0.076). Stratified analysis denoted that there was significantly higher risk in depression onset before 60 years old than depression onset after 60 years old. In subgroup analysis stratified by regressive meta-analysis, MTHFR C677T variant was statistically significantly relevant to depression risk in Chinese populations (OR0=1.58, Z=3.95, P=0.000; OR1=2.55, Z=3.92, P=0.000; OR2=1.43, Z=2.72, P=0.007), but not in no-Chinese populations (OR0=1.12, Z=2.10, P=0.035; OR1=1.23, Z=2.23, P=0.025; OR2=1.06, Z=0.74, P=0.456). Evidentiary strength rated by GRADE showed that 1 study moderate, 3 studies low and 7 stdudies very low.

Conclusion
Our study provides evidence for a hereditary association between the MTHFR C677T variant and depression susceptibility, whereas there is an obvious variety in different regions, ethnicities and onset age.

Key words:
Depression; Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; Polymorphism; Meta-analysis; Evidentiary quality


During a 12-month longitudinal study, bulk-tank milk was collected from organic (n=17) and conventional (n=19) dairy farms in the UK. Milk samples were analysed for vitamin A (retinol), vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and β-carotene content. The farming system type, herd production level and nutritional factors affecting the milk fat vitamin content were investigated by use of mixed model analyses. Conventionally produced milk fat had a higher mean content of vitamin A than organically produced milk fat, although there were no significant differences in the vitamin E or β-carotene contents between the two types of milk fat. Apart from farming system, other key factors that affected milk fat vitamin content were season, herd yield and concentrate feeding level. Milk vitamin content increased in the summer months and in association with increased concentrate feeding, whilst higher-yielding herds had a lower milk vitamin E and β-carotene content. Thus, conventional dairy farms in the UK produced milk with a higher vitamin A content, possibly owing to increased vitamin A supplementation in concentrate feeds. However, knowledge of the effects of season, access to fresh grazing or specific silage types and herd production level may also be used by all producers and processors to enhance the vitamin content in milk.


Abstract : Mechanical property allowables for aluminum-brazed titanium sandwich are presented for room temperature, 450 F, and 550 F. This titanium sandwich, developed for use on the supersonic transport prototype, consisted of 6Al-4V titanium alloy face sheets, 3Al-2.5V titanium core, and 3003 aluminum braze alloy. The design allowables investigated were flatwise tension strength, core properties including core compression and core shear, compression local instabilities including intracell buckling and face sheet wrinkling, compression general instability, and inplane shear local instability. (Author)


Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) triggers apoptosis by inducing the death‐inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation. Recently, TNFα‐induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3, A20) was reported to prevent TRAIL‐induced caspase 8 cleavage in the DISC by mediating ubiquitination of RIP1 in glioblastoma. However, whether A20 regulates caspase 8 cleavage in the DISC when TRAIL induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells is unknown. In the present study, A20 interacted with RIP1 and DR4 in MGC803 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells. Treatment with TRAIL promoted the A20‐mediated polyubiquitination of RIP1, caspase 8 translocation into the DISC, and the interaction between caspase 8 and ubiquitinated RIP1. Inhibition of A20 expression prevented the polyubiquitination of RIP1 and promoted caspase 8 cleavage. Moreover, our data clarified that A20 is a target of miR‐200a. Overexpression of miR‐200a inhibited A20 expression and polyubiquitination of RIP1 and then promoted cleavage of caspase 8 and TRAIL‐triggered apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate that miR‐200a enhanced TRAIL‐triggered apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by targeting A20.


UBBERY and hard coating materials based on homo- and co-…….polymers of n-butylacrylate and styrene were developed. Miniemulsion polymerization technique was used to prepare nano-scale polymers which were fully characterized by gel permission chromatography (GPC) and particle size analyzer (PSA). PS, PBA and PS/PBA copolymers were found to have average number molecular weights of 32300, 19900 and 24600 g/mol, respectively. Particle size distribution of PS, PBA and its copolymer which dispersed in aqueous medium presence relative particle diameter measurement are distributed over narrow range from 30 – 100 nm with percentage more than 90 % of particles by volume distribution. In addition, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study the thermal behavior of the prepared polymeric coatings. Polymerized coating solutions were applied over paperboard surface having a base weight of 285 g/m 2 with rapping roller. By morphological study, spherical polymer particles were detected with narrow particle size distribution ranging from 30-70 nm. The mechanical properties of coated paperboard were investigated to determine coating type effect on paperboard properties. The higher tensile strength of paper board was achieved by coating using polystyrene alone which give the higher coating weight 19 g/m 2 . PS/BA coating improve tensile strength of one face coated paperboard more than BA coating. Also, PS/BA coating improves wet tensile strength of coated paperboard. The measured WVTR of control paperboard was as high as 3075 g/m 2 /d. By coating on one surface, its WVTR was reduced to approximately half of magnitude in case of coating by PS/BA.


Purpose: This study aimed to understand current global health education and suggest its future direction for Korean undergraduate nursing students. Methods: After reviewing literature to identify key concepts applicable to global health nursing curricula, the authors analyzed global health curricula from 98 nursing colleges by using a framework that was developed for this study. Results: Among the 201 nursing colleges, 98 (48.8%) schools offered one or more global health-related courses. The titles of these courses were divided into two categories: Multiculturalism and international nursing. Multicultural courses were offered mainly for freshmen (40.5%) or sophomore students (40.5%), whereas international nursing courses were offered mainly for senior students (35.9%). These courses trained nursing students to be culturally competent in providing nursing care for immigrants or foreign travelers living in South Korea. Conclusions: It is evident that interest in global health education is growing in South Korea. However, the scope and content of global health education needs to be broadened beyond multiculturalism and international nursing so that it can prepare nursing students to promote global health equity, reduce global health disparities, and work competently with globally-focused organizations.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: photosensitive composition contains a cation-polymerisable compound, an acid photogenerator having an anionic part and a cationic part, as well as a salt having a cationic part having anyone of a quaternary ammonium structure or a quaternary phosphonium structure, and an anionic part. The anionic part of the salt is substituted with the anionic part of the first acid obtained from the anionic part of the acid photogenerator, to form a second acid having acid strength lower than that of the first acid. The cation-polymerisable compound is an epoxy resin. The acid photogenerator is at least a compound selected from a group comprising a sulphonic acid compound and other sulphonic acid derivatives, a diazomethane compound, a sulphonium salt, an iodonium salt, a sulphonimide compound, a disulphonic compound, a nitrobenzene compound, a benzoin tosylate compound, an iron arene complex, a halogen-containing triadine compound, an acetophene derivative, and a cyano group-containing sulfatoxim. The method of forming a pattern involves preparing a substrate on which the photosensitive composition is provided. A portion of the composition is then exposed to light to cure the exposed portion. The cured portion is then heated. The liquid ejection head has a part with an outlet channel for ejecting liquid. The part with the outlet channel is formed from cured material made from said composition. EFFECT: invention increases heat resistance of the photosensitive composition and increases accuracy of forming a pattern. 13 cl, 4 dwg, 5 tbl, 9 ex


Abstract : We have continued studies which are focused on understanding how dysregulation of the Wnt/B-catenin signaling pathway are causally associated with prostate tumorigenesis. We have created a mouse model in which B-catenin signaling is activated and found that these mice develop prostate tumors with 100% penetrance. This process initiates with small areas of prostatic hyperplasia as early as 4.5 weeks of age, continues on to lesions resembling prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and progresses to invasive prostate carcinoma by 7 months of age. We have examined these mice at older ages and found that these tumors do not appear to metastasize. In addition, we have found that these tumors are initially androgen sensitive, based on the apoptotic response of these tumors to surgical castration, however, mice examined five months after castration reveal small areas of hyperplasia occurring in an androgen-independent manner. Finally, we are embarking on studies to determine if activation of B-catenin signaling can synergize with other genetic lesions in prostate cancer progression.


Due to the uncertainties of material, geometrical and load parameters, dynamic responses of actual engineering structures are uncertain. The paper investigates dynamic responses of uncertain framew...


This paper has proposed a new attribute selection algorithm,namely the algorithm is based on information gain and support vector machine recursive feature elimination(SVM-RFE).The algorithm maintains the merits of SVM-RFE,such as high accuracy and high dimensional robustness,and by integrating information gain,solves the problem of slow operation caused by the long time spent in modeling with the method of SVM-RFE.The paper has also proposed the method to determine the number of characteristics based on the area under ROC curve(AUC) and got ideal results by applying the method to the individual credit evaluation model(ICEM).