Due to the popularity and development of social networks and web video sites, we have witnessed an exponential growth in the volumes of web videos in the last decade. This prompts an urgent demand for efficiently grasping the major events. Nevertheless, the insufficient and noisy text information has made it difficult and challenging to mine the events based on the initial keywords and visual features. In this paper, we propose an adaptive semantic association rule mining method in the NDK (Near-Duplicate Keyframes) level to enrich the keyword information and to remove the words without any semantic relationship. Moreover, both textual and visual information are employed for event classification, targeting for bridging the gap between NDKs and the high-level semantic concepts. Experimental results on large scale web videos from YouTube demonstrate that our proposed method achieves good performance and outperforms the selected baseline methods.


SUMMARYA pair of oligonucleotide primers (MP1 and MP2) were used for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 486 base pair (bp) fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of 26 geographically diverse Australian Melissococcus pluton (causative agent of European foulbrood) isolates. PCR primers spanning a region of the 16S rRNA gene from position 893–1377 failed to amplify a product when template DNA from a wide range of pathogenic and saprophytic bacteria were used including Paenibacillus larvae, Paenibacillus alvei, Enterococcus faecium and Spiroplasma melliferum. The PCR did, however, reliably amplify a 486 bp fragment (when the annealing temperature was lowered by 5°C) using template DNA isolated from the phylogenetically-related bacterium Enterococcus faecalis. PCR amplicons generated from E. faecalis and M. pluton were readily distinguished by digestion with the restriction endonuclease Hinfl and electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose or by electrophoresis in 1% agarose containing bis-benzidene/polyethylen...


This is the first study that describes ammonium oxidizing bacterial populations and correlations of these populations with a range of criteria in activated sludge wastewater treatment plants in South Africa. In this study, not only the influent, but also the activated sludge chemistry was comprehensively characterized. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to determine the relative significances of the geographical location (factor: site), wastewater treatment plant process (factor: configuration), seasonality (factor: season), and environmental parameters on the ammonium oxidizing bacterial genera in six municipal activated sludge wastewater treatments plants from two sites (the Cities of Cape Town and Ekurhuleni). The geographical location (site) was significant for selection of the ammonium oxidizing genera (Global ANOSIM R value=0.538, p=0.001). It was established that the inter-site differences were not climatic in origin, nor related to the composition of the influent, but were rather driven by the activated sludge chemistry. It was found using BEST analysis that the activated sludge ammonia, activated sludge total phosphate and activated sludge total chemical oxygen demand were the most significant (p<0.001) drivers for ammonium oxidizing bacterial selection (ANOSIM Global R value 0.419), and were significantly higher in the activated sludge from the City of Cape Town wastewater treatment plants. Nitrosospira was the most abundant ammonium oxidizing bacterial genus, with notably higher relative and estimated actual abundances in the City of Cape Town wastewater treatment plants than the City of Ekurhuleni wastewater treatment plants. The strong selection of Nitrosospira in the City of Cape Town wastewater treatment plants with higher nutrient concentrations strongly suggests that high concentrations of activated sludge ammonia, activated sludge total phosphate and activated sludge total chemical oxygen demand are key selective drivers for this genus.


After the collapse of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria many states faced the
problem of the foreign fighters wanting to return. Some governments refused to
accept their citizens arguing that they pose too much of a threat to the public.
Are the governments across the world justified to revoke the citizenships of the
former members of the Caliphate? Do states have a responsibility for their own
citizens and are obligated to help them no matter the circumstances? These are
the questions that this article examines from the legal and political point of
view. The article examines a high profile case study of Shamima Begun –
a former jihadi wife, who travelled to Syria as a teenager, caught in a battle for
her British citizenship


The objective of this study is to propose methods to design and analyze a catenary shell using a computer program without experiments and measurements. The intial idea stems from Pendergrast's study, but his method should be improved. In this study, the process of making catenary shell using computer was reproduced by Grasshopper script. In order to enhance credibility, two models from Grasshopper script were analyzed by SAP2000; one was just a square-based catenary shell, while the other was the re-created shell originated from the Naturtheater Gr ö tzingen. The outcome of analysis was reasonable.


The present invention relates to a ball flux coating, and a method for producing a solder joint ball flux coating, even when the flux coating to make the diameter of balls of small diameter can be improved sphericity. Spherical flux layer bonding material (12) and covering the bonding material (12) surface (14): ball flux coating of the present invention (10) is provided. Flux coated balls (10) ball diameter of 600μm or less and a sphericity of 0.9 or more. Flux layer (14) is formed by a flux solution containing high volatility of ethyl acetate, acetone, or methyl ethyl ketone.


Certain injuries to the aorta, vena cava, and long segments of peripheral vessels preclude lateral arteriorrhaphy or primary end-to-end anastomosis. In such cases some type of vascular prosthesis is required. The choice of a suitable vascular prosthesis in potentially contaminated wounds is open to


Phytases catalyze the hydrolysis of inorganic phosphate (InsP6) from phytic acid and are able to improve the nutritional quality of phytate rich diet. However, phosphorous in this form (phytate) is largely unavailable to monogastric animals such as poultry and fish, because monogastric animal is lacking intestinal phytase. In addition to the unavailability of precious nutrients, phytate not assimilated by animal is excreted in manure and contribute to the phosphorous related environmental pollution problem. Availability of efficient phytases can solve this problem by completely degrading phyates. In this work we have successfully designed a new improved phytase using computed aided protein design (CAPD). We started from a native phytase, identified it's active site and analyzed the factors that are responsible for phytase binding and hence it's activity. Armed with this understanding, we have mutated the enzyme and have designed a best mutated enzyme with enhanced binding character. We have identified the active site in Eschericia coli phytase and further validated by docking the known ligands in to the active site using well known Genetic Algorithm (GA) techniques. Transition state of the reaction is determined to calculate the activation energy barrier of the enzyme. Map reaction methods used to determine the transition state and numerical vibrational analysis is carried out to verify transition states. After characterizing the active site, selected amino acid residues are mutated to investigate their effects on the binding strength of this phytase. After a careful manual docking procedure, automated docking is carried out to calculate the strength of the binding before and after mutation. It is found that mutation at position M216R and E219R leads to improvement in the binding strength while mutation at position H17A shows decrease in binding and mutation at A116T have no effect in the binding strength.


The latissimus dorsi flap has high vascularity and is helpful for the reconstruction of infected areas. Herein, we present a patient with recurrent infections and soft-tissue defects who underwent cranial reconstruction using a free latissimus dorsi flap. The patient had undergone craniectomy and reconstruction using alloplastic bone 18 years previously. A scalp defect accompanied by infection occurred five years ago, and patient underwent reconstruction using a free flap at another hospital; however, the problem persisted. After debridement and bone flap removal, the right latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap was elevated, and the thoracodorsal artery and vein were anastomosed end-to-end to the right superficial temporal artery and vein. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was eradicated, and the flap survived. Cranioplasty was performed eight months later, and one year follow-up proceeded without complications. Effective reconstruction and cranioplasty are possible using the free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap, even on scalp with persistent infections and soft-tissue defects.


We perform a cosmological-model-independent test for the distance–duality (DD) relation η(z) = DL(z)(1 + z)−2/DA(z), where DL and DA are the luminosity distance and angular diameter distance, respectively, with a combination of observational data for DL taken from the latest Union2 SNe Ia and that for DA provided by two galaxy cluster samples compiled by De Filippis et al. and Bonamente et al. Two parameterizations for η(z), i.e., η(z) = 1 + η0z and η(z) = 1 + η0z/(1 + z), are used. We find that the DD relation can be accommodated at 1σ confidence level (CL) for the De Filippis et al. sample and at 3σ CL for the Bonamente et al. sample. We also examine the DD relation by postulating two more general parameterizations: η(z) = η0 + η1z and η(z) = η0 + η1z/(1 + z), and find that the DD relation is compatible with the results from the De Filippis et al. and the Bonamente et al. samples at 1σ and 2σ CLs, respectively. Thus, we conclude that the DD relation is compatible with present observations.


This research is conducted to find out the relationship among service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty of Cambodian Commercial banks. This study used translated version of the SERVQUAL instrument questionnaire. The questionnaire included 22 items of service expectations, 22 items of service performance perceptions, two different single items of overall service quality and overall customer satisfaction, and 4 items of customer loyalty to explore the relationship among service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty of Cambodian Commercial banks. Total sample sizes of 200 respondents were chosen, distributed and collected from Commercial banks' customers in Phnom Penh Capital city. Of the 200 questionnaires distributed, 147 respondents were collected back from customers of 8 Commercial banks. After descriptive and factor analysis, multivariate regression analyses were performed to study the impact of banking service quality on both customer satisfaction and customer loyalty of Cambodian Commercial banking industry setting.
Factor analysis was performed among five dimensions of the SERVQUAL instrument and resulted in three new dimensions naming Tangibles, Reliability and Human Skills dimensions. The results from findings revealed that the expectations of Cambodian Commercial banks were higher than their perceptions in terms of service quality. Their expectations were not met and that the largest gap was found in Human Skills dimension. The findings from regression suggested that banking service quality was significant influence on overall customer satisfaction and thus banking service quality will lead to customer satisfaction. In addition, the results from multiple regressions showed that the Reliability dimension had the largest influence on overall customer satisfaction. Regression analysis also posited that overall customer satisfaction was positively influent on customer loyalty. However, Banking Service Quality had the indirect and positive impact on customer loyalty and this result was proved by performing two different models of regression. First, regression was analyzed using customer loyalty as dependent variable and banking service quality as independent variable. Second, regression analysis was performed using customer loyalty as dependent variable, banking service quality as independent variable, and customer satisfaction as mediator independent variable.
In this study, managerial implications were provided to Management of Cambodian Commercial banks with the tested model of service quality that measures banking service quality and its attributes which had influences on overall customer satisfaction and then led to customer loyalty. Also, limitations of the study were provided and the directions for future research were suggested for further study on this field of banking service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Contributions of this study were provided to both academic research and managerial practitioners in this field.


In this paper we propose an accurate analysis of the outage probability in a slow frequency hopping-time division multiple access (FH-TDMA) cellular system with generically correlated log-normal interferers. The effects of an imperfect slow power control is accounted for. The approach is analytical or semi-analytical for the forward link and semi-analytical for the reverse link. In the latter case, simulation is used to randomly assign the positions of mobile terminals, and final performance is estimated by averaging over a large number of runs. Numerical results are presented, as obtained at various values of channel, parameters. The effectiveness of power control is also evaluated.


To study the available Zinc by the application of graded levels of zinc fertilizer and Zinc solubilizing bacteria under simulated moisture conditions in texturally varied soils, an incubation experiment was conducted during Jan 2014 with graded levels of zinc fertilizers, with and without zinc solubilizing bacteria inoculation as treatments. Soil available zinc content analysed at 30, 60 and 90 days after incubation was found to be more in the clay loam soil as compared to sandy loam soil irrespective of moisture and the doses of ZnSO4 application. Irrespective of soil and moisture regime the zinc solubilizing bacteria enhanced the available zinc content of the soils.


Objective To compare the clinical effect between TEP and Lichtenstein in treatment of inguinal hernia in adults.Methods 100 adults with inguinal hernia admitted in our hospital during June 2010 and June 2014 were randomly divided into TEP group(n=50) and Lichtenstein group(n=50). TEP(totally extraperitoneal prosthesis) and Lichtenstein(Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty) were performed in the two groups respectively. The treatment effects were compared between the two groups.Results The operation during and hospitalization expenses were more; the intraoperative blood loss, postoperative activity time and hospitalization time less; the VAS score 8h, 12 h, 24 h after operation lower, in the TEP group than in the Lichtenstein group, and all the differences above were statistically significant(P0.01). The complications rates of the two groups were 6.00% and 0.00%,and no hernia relapse was found in both two groups within half year after operation, and there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups(P 0.05). Conclusion Compared with Lichtenstein, TEP has advantages of less intraoperative blood loss and postoperative pain, earlier postoperative ambulation, shorter hospitalization time, and disadvantage of higher costs.


Sheep farming is designated to economic exploitation, and dry matter intake is the most important factor that influences the performance of animal, thus seeking alternative foods. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inclusion levels of cassava peel on intake, digestibility and performance of feedlot lambs. We used 32 crossbred lambs Santa Ines uncastrated, mean body weight of 21 ± 1.5 kg. Treatments were arranged in a randomized design to animals, with inclusion levels of cassava peel (0, 10, 20, 30%) in the diet dry matter and forage cassava leaf hay. During 70 days, there have been weighing the food provided, leftovers, and animals, and feces collection. The intake of dry matter (DMI), organic matter (OMI), crude protein (CPI), ether extract (EEI), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDIap), total carbohydrates (CTI), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFCI), total digestible nutrients (TDNI), as well as DMI and NDFap/kgCP, DMI and NDFIap/PC0.75 levels have not been affected by the inclusion of cassava peel. Similar results for DM digestibility, NDF, CP, MO, CT and the TDN. DEE had a growing linear effect whereas DNFC presented a quadratic effect. Average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC), initial body weight (BWinitial), final body weight (BWfinal), warm carcass weight (WCW) and warm carcass yield (WCR) showed no changes. It is concluded that the peel cassava may be included in diet until 30%, without change dry matter intake and animal performance.


Forest ecosystems of the Krušné hory Mts. affected by long-term air pollution were finally disintegrated. The tree species composition has been changed in ecosystems disturbed in this way. Liming applied for the long-term revitalization of air-polluted areas partly decreased the effects of acid depositions on soil in spite of the reduction of air pollution; however, it did not cause any expected necessary changes yet. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the chemical composition of humus horizon H and organomineral horizon Ah (soil reaction, sorption complex, C/N ratio, available nutrients) in stands of substitute tree species differently affected by liming and site preparation in the area of Klášterec nad Ohří Forest District in the Krušné hory Mts. (Czech Republic). Based on our evaluations, we found out that pH values increased by 0.3–0.5, which was evident in stands with repeated liming at sites without soil preparation and with the site/soil preparation using an excavator or bulldozer. The majority of soils always showed an unsaturated base-exchange complex (< 50%). Increasing values of the sorption complex saturation were evident in stands with repeated liming, which is related to the favourable condition of pH in H and Ah horizons. C/N ratios in the H (Ah) horizon were always below a critical limit (< 24). The content of available nutrients in the H (Ah) horizon was insufficient. Among the particular elements phosphorus content decreased, that of magnesium reached optimum or even surplus, calcium was in surplus (optimum or even surplus), potassium in optimum (surplus). Forest management in the Krušné hory Mts. will be dependent on the effectiveness of the biological and chemical revitalization of soils also in the future.


International partnerships are valuable for strengthening health systems and advancing cancer research and control, but power and resource inequities often characterize such partnerships. Reflecting this, underrepresentation of authors from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) is well documented in global health research and publishers have recently sought to address this imbalance. For example, in 2021, the Public Library of Science announced a new policy on inclusivity in global research that requires inclusion of local collaborators as authors. In June 2022 at the 7th World Conference on Research Integrity, The Lancet announced it would reject manuscripts that contain data from Africa without acknowledging African collaborators. These and other steps toward inclusion in scientific publication are a culmination of decades‐long fight against "parachute" science. Publication of scientific findings in the peer‐reviewed literature is critical for knowledge dissemination and translation. In this process, authorship acknowledgment recognizes credit and implies accountability for published work, with tangible academic and financial benefits for individuals and their institutions. Researchers in high‐income countries (HICs), in particular, are highly incentivized to produce publications, and this is typically required for career promotion including consideration for tenure in academic settings. Recently, authorship has also been used as a metric for assessing equity in global health research partnerships. In a systematic review of authorship for infectious disease research conducted in Africa, Mbaye et al. found that whereas 93% of publications had at least one author affiliated with an institution in Africa, less than half had an African first author. Similar findings were observed by Hedt‐ Gauthier et al., who found that representation of African first authors on publications about Africa was lowest if collaborators were from the United States (US), Canada, or Europe, and especially from top US universities. Although these studies focused primarily on infectious diseases, we have similarly recently examined authorship in global oncology research supported by the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) in LMICs, of which slightly less than half of published articles had at least one LMIC‐affiliated author and very few in the first or last position. In this issue of Cancer, Rubagumya et al. analyze the allocation of authorship and patient enrollment across oncology clinical trials conducted globally. This analysis is important and timely as oncology clinical trials are increasingly global and as LMICs bear an increasing proportion of global cancer burden relative to HICs. Using a cross‐sectional retrospective approach, Rubagumya et al. leveraged an established database of all phase 3 oncology randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published between 2014 and 2017. Institutional affiliation was used to classify authors as being from a HIC or LMIC, with the first author defining RCT leadership. Rubagumya et al. assessed the proportion of LMIC authors relative to all authors for each RCT and explored relationships between author, enrolled participant, and investigator distribution across all RCTs. Of 636 RCTs published in 2014–2017 and led by investigators from HICs, 186 (29%) enrolled participants in LMICs. Despite this, one‐ third of these trials did not include a single LMIC author. Only half reported the number of investigators by country and only 40% reported participant enrollment by country. Among those that did report these data, LMIC author proportion was strongly and positively correlated with both LMIC enrolled participant proportion and LMIC investigator proportion. Rubagumya et al. also highlight a high level of data missingness in published reports of global oncology RCTs that is problematic for the field and that might bias their results. Assumptions about RCT leadership country of origin based on first author affiliation might be incorrect in cases where the RCT was led by the last author. It is also important to note that these findings may not reflect current practice in 2023, especially given that much has changed in the global conversation with regard to parachutism and allocation of authorship since 2017, including many new guidelines and policies by journals. Future studies should consider sensitivity analyses of worst and/ or best case scenario or statistical methods such as multiple imputation for missing data. Additionally, future studies could build on this work by conducting network analysis to reveal clusters of collaborations that are more or less inclusive, which could allow identification and dissemination of enabling factors and best practices shared by highly equitable collaborations. Ultimately, this work would ideally lead to standardized global health research equity metrics that are endorsed and adopted by oncology research consortia, funders, and journals. As an initial but important first step, researchers and journals should be expected to routinely include data about the distribution of enrolled patients and participating investigators by country in all published reports of oncology RCTs. More equitable, diverse, and inclusive global oncology research must be sought and can be achieved across many domains and identities, not just country of origin. Achieving this will strengthen the discipline and ultimately lead to far greater impact for people


The operating principle and structure of a new hydraulic transmission gear box with variable speed fluid coupling,and the design and calculation of its main components were described.The operation result shows that the design scheme of this product is correct and complete,and it has many advantages and features,such as higher efficiency,output speed with stepless regulating,fast clutching,high reliability and safty etc.


Self-regulated learning is one of the important factors in learning to control oneself in thinking and acting. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of self-regulated learning on students' mathematics learning outcomes. This research method is descriptive and quantitative with correlational and exposed facto types. The research sample consisted of students in grades VII and VIII at one of the public junior high schools in Serang City with details of 20 students in class VII and 20 students in class VIII. The instrument used is in the form of a non-test containing positive and negative items. The data analysis technique was carried out by inferential analysis using SPSS 25.00 software. The results showed that there was no effect of self-regulated learning or independent learning on students' mathematics learning outcomes.


Taiwan's television has developed over the past 50 years, including changes from monochrome to color, analogue to digital, a single channel to multiple channels, local to global, observation to participation, indoor to outdoor, and ground to cloud. Communication technologies have transformed contemporary television, which we call "new TV." However, what is "new TV?" What is the meaning of "new?" This study examines the interaction between television and society from the perspective of technology to elucidate how social forces and technology have worked together to transform TV.


For the purpose of explaining governance structure variety in franchising, we explore the impact of governance structure on the incentives to invest in specific assets for the franchisor as well as the distributors. Wholly-owned, wholly-franchised, and mixed (dual distribution) franchise systems are considered. Circumstances are identified when a dual distribution governance structure uniquely allocates efficient ownership over assets. Whether dual distribution benefits are realized in a franchise or a cooperative franchise depends on whether most value is added upstream or downstream. A disadvantage of a dual distribution system is the deterioration of the investment incentives of the party having no authority, i.e. either the company-owned outlet manager in a traditional franchise or the franchisor in a cooperative franchise. A wholly-franchised system may therefore be efficient even when unique dual distribution benefits are present. A necessary condition for the efficiency of a dual distribution governance structure is a positive systemic effect, not the value of the brand name or location (or other) differences between outlets.


A general theory of incentive-based policy under risk and asymmetric information is developed. Conditions are derived for when separate policies for producer groups are needed, and when a single policy is sufficient. These conditions have implications for the feasibility and cost of such incentive based programs in specific regions.


University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation.May 2020. Major: Industrial and Systems Engineering. Advisor: Shuzhong Zhang. 1 computer file (PDF); 152 pages.


s were used to i dent ify specific articles to be reviewed for application to the Institute for Simulation and Training (1ST) proj ect. A copy of these sixtyeight abstracts is included


In Sawahlunto, mining coal still has problem about license of mine operation each license of mine operation holder. Sawahlunto government has been establishing Perindagkopnaker Department to control mining coal at license of mine operation zone. This research's problem is how is the controlling mining coal at license of mine coal operation zone in Sawahlunto and what the influence factors are. The controlling is not to see the weakness or frailty but to prevent, decrease or abolish all deviations happens in an organization. The researcher uses controlling theory by Manullang. Based on this theory there are many controlling processes should be use in order do controlling, the researcher uses controlling which close with indicator of establish measurement, doing evaluation and improvement action. This research uses descriptive explanations that is the analysis to give description of cause and effect connection based on reality found on the field, and then descriptive data of interview and observation presentation will be concluded. The research result point out the controlling of mining coal at license of mine coal operations zone in Sawahlunto West Sumatera done by Perindagkopnaker Department Sawahlunto has not success yet. There are some flows like in doing evaluationand improvement is not going well yet. It caused of controlling factors such as man resources, cost, and public participant level. Key Words : Controlling, Mining Coal, Perindagkopnaker Department


The theory of junction circulators is either given in terms of a linear combination of the properties of single-port reactive eigennetworks or in terms of a single-port approximate equivalent circuit. The purpose of this paper is to present a unified theory of circulators using either approach in terms of ABCD matrices, ideal transformers, and resonator eigennetworks. It is found that all standard circulators can be conveniently described in the notation introduced in this text.


In this paper, we use the gray model through the consolidation of original data to find the changing laws of the system, to generate a strong regularity of the data series, thus well predict the changing trend of the future. Meanwhile, considered the defect that the grey action of traditional GM(1,1) model is constant, we introduce a sine function relation and make the grey action into a dynamic variable which contains time function. Thus, the traditional GM(1,1) model is optimized. Finally, the result shows that the optimized GM(1,1) model can simulate better, and has a higher accuracy.


This article uses the knowledge dissemination model developed by Levy-Garboua in 1994 - which shows that learning by watching is a key component of on-the-job training - and matched data about the cost of labour and the wage structure in 1992 to demonstrate that informal training has a positive and statistically significant impact on gains. What makes this model so rewarding is not just that it allows us to measure the returns from learning by watching, but also to estimate the speed with which know-how spreads at a given site and to gauge a company's knowledge compared with the knowledge of new workers. This last allows us to propose a new definition of dualism.


We present an analysis of the rotation of young stars in the associations Cepheus OB3b, NGC 2264, 2362 and the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). We discover a correlation between rotation rate and position in a colour–magnitude diagram (CMD) such that stars which lie above an empirically determined median pre-main sequence rotate more rapidly than stars which lie below this sequence. The same correlation is seen, with a high degree of statistical significance, in each association studied here. If position within the CMD is interpreted as being due to genuine age spreads within a cluster, then the stars above the median pre-main sequence would be the youngest stars. This would in turn imply that the most rapidly rotating stars in an association are the youngest, and hence those with the largest moments of inertia and highest likelihood of ongoing accretion. Such a result does not fit naturally into the existing picture of angular momentum evolution in young stars, where the stars are braked effectively by their accretion discs until the disc disperses. Instead, we argue that, for a given association of young stars, position within the CMD is not primarily a function of age, but of accretion history. We show that this hypothesis could explain the correlation we observe between rotation rate and position within the CMD.


The intercritical heat treatment effect on the mechanical properties of the API 5L X65 steel, microalloyed with Ti and Nb, widely used in welded structures, was investigated. The embrittlement, observed by several authors in the intercritical region of the heat affected zone of welds performed in HSLA steels, is closely related to the volume fraction of M-A constituent, formed in the cooling. Just upon the homogenization and normalizing heat treatments, the specimens were submitted to different intercritical heat treatments, performed at 780 °C for 30 minutes and cooled with various Δt8/5 rates, with the purpose of varying the microstructure. High fracture toughness was obtained with the lower cooling rate. Also, it was verified that the low M-A constituent volume fraction was not enough to promote reduction on the fracture toughness.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


There has been much progress in computer vision and pattern recognition in the last two decades, and there has also much progress in recent years in medical imaging technology. Although images in digital form can easily be processed by basic image processing techniques, effective use of computer vision can provide much useful information for diagnosis and treatment. It has been a challenge to use computer vision in medical imaging because of complexity in dealing with medical images. In this chapter a brief introduction of the subject is presented by addressing the issues involved and then focusing on the active contour model for medical imaging.


Observations for specific conductivity of the atmosphere and the detection of the presence of radio-active emanations were taken, in accordance with the Director's instructions, on the portions of the cruise between Falmouth and Madeira, Madeira and Bermuda, and Bermuda and New York. The plan was to devote alternate days to conductivity and radio-activity observations. This program was interfered with by bad weather and by the failure on some occasions of the Zamboni dry pile which was used to charge the collecting wire in the radio-activity experiments.

I. Conductivity Observations.


The Square Wave Method (SWM), previously introduced for the analysis of signals and images, is presented here as a mathematical tool suitable for the analysis of time series and signals. To show the potential that the SWM has to analyze many different types of time series, the results of the analysis of a time series composed of a sequence of 10,000 numerical values are presented here. These values were generated by using the Mathematical Random Number Generator (MRNG).


In this paper is presented the research work in Fiber Optic Sensors currently being developed at the Departamento de Engenharia de Telecomunicaaes of Universidade Federal Fluminense(TET-UFF) jointly with the Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletri-ca(CEPEL). It is given particular emphasis to the present state of development of the temperature, vibration and electrical current sensors.


Labeling of food products contains key nutritional information, but it is often inaccessible or unclear to users. To alleviate this problem, the application of modern automatic transcription techniques to this field is studied in this paper. This presents a challenge, due to the structural difference of these charts with respect to the usual type of documents for which OCR systems are developed, and also because of the wide visual variability present in this type of labels. For these reasons, a series of algorithms and deep learning models have been developed and applied as pre-processing for the images and post-processing for the transcription obtained, in order to optimize and complement this automatic transcription. With this whole pipeline, we achieve to extract the nutritional information from the pictures in an efficient, complete, accurate and structured way.


A general-purpose microcomputer based data logger has been configured to perform multi-channel logging of voltage and current in power circuits. Algorithms have been developed to compute the real power, maximum demand and power factor directly from the sampled instantaneous values. The data logger is also capable of snap-shot recording of voltage waveforms by fast sampling. Subsequent analysis by a fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm can reveal the extent of harmonic pollution in the supply voltage. Results of measurement in various types of installations are presented.


ABSTRACT A virulence plasmid was identified in a multidrug-resistant Salmonellaenterica serotype Typhimurium strain carrying the spvC, rck, and pefA virulence genes and two class 1 integrons linked to the Tn21 and Tn1696 transposons. A novel trimethoprim resistance gene, designated dfrA23, was also identified within the integron region. The association of multidrug resistance and virulence determinants represents an interesting example of virulence plasmid evolution.


Penthos Thanatou (printed 1564; acquired 1564). However, there were many linguistic puzzles where his deep knowledge of classical Greek failed to enlighten him, so he had recourse to native speakers of Greek who passed by Tübingen and whom he used as living dictionaries. Here T. firmly jettisons another myth: these informants were not students who were attracted to Crusius' lectures. On the contrary, they were unhappy wanderers round Europe, seeking alms, money to ransom their families held in Turkish captivity; several were illiterate whether in Greek or a Western European language and communication was not straightforward. T. gives fascinating illustrations of Crusius' phonology as evidence for sixteenth-century Greek and German usages, taking the evidence from the Tübingen notebooks; that listing the 'Graeci homines qui mecum (in Germania) fuerunt diversis temporibus ...' was the key. Crusius was something of a pedantic obsessive. The greatest obstacle to his mastery of vernacular Greek was the lack of a lexicon. In 1995 there was discovered in the Beinecke Library in Yale the evidence for his efforts to fill this gap: a copy of the Aldine Thesaurus cornu copiae of 1496, copiously annotated by Crusius with lemmata in contemporary Greek. It is the elucidation of how Crusius set about constructing this Alphabetum vulgaris linguae graecae that is the purpose of T.'s study, which culminates in pp. 259-301 with a specimen edition of those lemmata in the annotated Yale Thesaurus that were derived from Cursius' nativespeaker informants. T. has set about this piece of detective work with exemplary care and erudition. As well as being full of insights into a German humanist's working methods, his developing linguistic knowledge and his textual resources, this study sheds much unlooked for light on the linguistic history of spoken early Modern Greek. It is to be hoped that T. will continue to explore this invaluable material and make the specimen edition complete. ELIZABETH JEFFREYS Exeter College, Oxford


Background In cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation, care activities are carried out by different professionals in coordination, each with their own specific competence. This GICR–IACPR position paper has analysed the interventions performed by the nurse, physiotherapist, dietician and psychologist in order to identify what constitutes minimal care, and it lists the activities that are fundamental and indispensable for each team member to perform in clinical practice. Results In analysing each type of intervention, the following dimensions were considered: the level of clinical care complexity, determined both by the disease and by environmental factors; the 'area' complexity, i.e. the specific level of competence required of the professional in each professional section; organisational factors, i.e. whether the care is performed in an inpatient or outpatient setting; duration of the rehabilitation intervention. The specific contents of minimal care have been identified for each professional area together with the specific goals, the assessment tools and the main essential interventions. For the assessments, only a few validated tools have been indicated, leaving the choice of which instrument to use to the individual professional based on experience and usual practice. Conclusion For the interventions, attention has been focused on conditions of major complexity requiring special care, taking into account the different care settings, the clinical conditions secondary to the disease event, and the distinct tasks of each area according to the operator's specific role. The final report performed by each professional has also been included.


Response processing may comprise multiple systems working in parallel at different functional levels of performance moni- toring. In time-frequency decompositions of response-locked event-related potentials from adults, a subprocess operating in the delta frequency band was interpreted as an index of cognitive error monitoring, distinguishable from a process with theta frequency probably related to motor control. However, it remains unclear whether such subprocesses can also be distinguished in children. In the current study, error processing was assessed in 22 normal boys aged 8 to 15 years using an Erikson Flanker task. Performance data revealed the expected indices of conflicting task demands, such as increased reaction times and error rates. A clear error-negativity was found in the response-locked event-related potentials after incompatible stimuli, and correct responses show a slow negative deflection immediately preceding the button-press, which is absent in errors. Time-frequency decompositions disclosed that a subprocess in the lower delta band preceding correct responses may reflect a more general action monitoring process sensitive to conflicting task demands that, moreover, may prevent one from making an error if it is active early enough. Processes in the delta and theta bands are modulated specifically by errors and may index motor-related monitoring in children. Moreover, these processes occurred considerably earlier for correct responses compared to errors, suggesting that their timing reflects some performance capacity. These considerations may help to clarify response processing in tasks with conflicting demands.


ABSTRACT The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) has resulted in an overall restructuring and enhancement of the national strike force. The OPA 90 legislation amended the Federal Water Pollution Con...


The recent year' crisis has brought as a consequence the implementation of a fiscal consolidation program, part of which was the reduction of public pharmaceutical expenditure. The measures include reductions in drug prices, discounts and rebates, increase of policyholders' participation rate etc. In 2014 the level of public spending was € 2 billion, decreased by 15% compared with 2013. Starting from 2009 the percentage of the total decrease is 60.5%. This year, 2015, expenditure will remain stable, while the next three years will not be more than € 1,94 billion per year. In any of excesses pharmaceutical companies will be invited to the cover through clawback, whose size reached for 2014, € 205 million. While this year even higher participation is expected. All these measures which have been taken since 2009 have as a result the perpetual decrease of the pharmaceutical sector.
Medicines' prices are constantly decreased by repricing. That, combined with social funds' financial shortages and the delays of payments have as a consequence a huge credit risk problem due to lack of liquidity.


The existing Bug algorithms, which are the same as wall-following algorithms, offer good performance in solving local minimum problems caused by potential fields. However, because of the odometer drift that occurs in actual environments, the performance of the paths planned by these algorithms is significantly worse in actual environments than in simulated environments. To address this issue, this article proposes a new Bug algorithm. The proposed algorithm contains a potential field function that is based on the relative velocity, which enables the potential field method to be extended to dynamic scenarios. Using the cumulative changes in the internal and external angles and the reset point of the robot during the wall-following process, the condition for state switching has been redesigned. This improvement not only solves the problem of position estimation deviation caused by odometer noise but also enhances the decision-making ability of the robot. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is simpler and more efficient than existing wall-following algorithms and can realise path planning in an unknown dynamic environment. The experimental results for the Kobuki robot further validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


ABSTRACT Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite films were prepared by introducing polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) into PVDF matrix. Uniform dispersion and good compatibility of PS-b-PMMA in matrix were observed, which was helpful for high breakdown strength (Eb). The composite film with 9 wt% PS-b-PMMA showed the maximum Eb of 522 kV/mm and the high discharged energy density (Ue) of 10.1 J/cm3, which were 1.7 times and 2.6 times higher than pure PVDF, respectively. Besides, a charged-discharged efficiency (η) of 88% was much higher than pure PVDF at 300 kV/mm, which was beneficial to energy storage. Graphical Abstract


Certificate of inheritance is a requirement to register land rights transfer in case of inheritance. The background of this research is to acknowledge the regulation of certificate of inheritance periodization in Indonesia and the legal consequences of certificate of inheritance issuance as stated in Law Article 111 (1) c Number 4, 5, and 6, Permen ATR Number 16 of 2021. The types of research utilized in this writing are normative research and descriptive analytic research. The regulation of certificate of inheritance in Indonesia is divided into 3 (three) periods namely initial period as stated by Decree of Directorate General of Agrarian (Head of Directorate of Land Registration) Number: DPT/12/63/12/69 dated 20 December 1969, second period as stated in Law Article 111 (1) c PMNA Number 3 of 1997, and third period as stated in Law Article 111 (1) Permen ATR Number 16 of 2021. The legal consequences of the issuance of Law Article 111 (1) c number 4, 5, and 6, Permen ATR Number 16 of 2021 regarding Certificate of Inheritance is that the regulation applies regardless any distinction in population classification, the heirs are given a freewill to choose any type of certificate of inheritance, the deed of inheritance rights issued when the testator passed away has similar status with the ones issued due to disputes, and certificate cancellation can be submitted to the General Court, Religious Court and State Administrative Court.


Goal: this study aimed to use the experimental simulation method to obtain the optimum results by using the simulation technique of the models, which are modeled mathematically but not solved.
Design/Methodology/Approach: a case study was conducted to apply the discrete-event simulation (DES) approach based on the design of experiment (DOE) technique to derive strategies and analyze situations in an emergency department (ED).
Results: by integrating the DOE approach with the DES technique for the ED, the average waiting time for a patient in a small ED was reduced from 40.09 minutes to 9.83 minutes (75.48%), which is a significant result. Increasing the capacity of the resources without increasing the number of daily resources for the ED resulted in an increase from 133 to 147 (10.53%) in the number of patients treated. Additionally, the optimum number of healthcare resources to employ in EDs was calculated.
Limitations: there is no shift system for healthcare resources in the DES model. Since the ED was considered in this study, the same number of resources was run during the working hours of the DES model.
Practical implications: for researchers and healthcare professionals, the developed method is used to obtain results that cannot be obtained through the mathematical modeling of healthcare problems. The results of the changes in health resources on the outputs are obtained by this method as the shortest time frame and lowest cost.
Originality/Value: there is almost no detailed study of DES with the DOE technique. Providing high reliability has resulted in obtaining optimum values through the integration of the DOE approach with the DES technique in the healthcare area. It is very difficult to get accurate results anywhere where the human factor is present.


In FY05, RAL/NSAP modelers continued to work with the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC), Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA), and other public and industrial agencies to study and improve the 4DWX real-time four-dimensional data assimilation and forecast (RTFDDA) system. The work was focused on six areas: (a) transition to the Weather Reseach and Forecast (WRF) model, (b) increased capability for the RTFDDA, (c) improved land-surface data assimilation, (d) application and tuning for urban-scale NWP, (e) research on mesoscale data assimilation and ensemble generation, (f) research on advanced model verification techniques, and (g) research on forecast bias correction. The model system was also employed in five new applications during the year (h).


Based on analyzing the present conditions in logistics and fostering target, knowledge structure and ability structure of the professional talented persons majoring in logistics in the higher vocational college, this paper offers some thoughts concerning the mode to fostering the professional talented persons of logistics.


As salmon runs began to be listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the early 1990s, questions arose as to the impact of these listings on the 1855 treaties that Pacific Northwest Indian Nations had signed with the United States. In these treaties, Indian Tribes reserved for themselves and their citizens the right to take fish at their usual and accustomed fishing sites forever. The author addresses the history of these treaties, their judicial interpretations through seven trips to the U.S. Supreme Court and more, and the question of the continuing validity of the treaties and the tribal fishing rights in view of ESA listings of salmon runs as threatened or endangered. These issue continue to be important ones today as the wild runs teeter on the brink of extinction, and as questions about the continuing enforceability of the treaties and the United States' obligation to protect tribal rights in salmon have not yet been answered.


The heat capacity of bismuth has been measured from 0.1 to 2.0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and found to be represented by $C=2.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}{T}^{\ensuremath{-}2}+2.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}T+1944{(\frac{T}{\ensuremath{\theta}})}^{3}$ joules/mole deg with $\ensuremath{\theta}=120.4\ensuremath{-}0.6{T}^{2}$. The ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ term in the heat capacity is assumed to be associated with the alignment of the nuclear electric quadrupole moment in the electric field gradient of the crystal and is used to obtain the value 25 Mc/sec for the quadrupole coupling constant. The linear term is used, together with known parameters for the electrons in the conduction band, to obtain an average effective mass for the holes in the valence band of 0.9 times the free electron mass.


This article discusses a model of expatriate compensation that incorporates and combines an expatriate selection process with a detailed foreign assignment evaluation and then links that situational analysis with a specific compensation package. The situational analysis classifies expatriate assignments into four categories: an ideal or desirable assignment, a question mark assignment, a challenge assignment and an undesirable assignment. The article describes the recommended compensation approaches for each situational analysis. Ultimately, the model offers organizational decision makers a strategic-planning tool that balances the need to control expatriate costs while increasing the probability of a successful expatriate assignment and improving the bottom line.


By analyzing the angular correlations in scanning electron nanodiffraction patterns from a melt-spun Zr(36)Cu(64) glass, the dominant local order was identified as icosahedral clusters. Mapping the extent of this icosahedral short-range order demonstrates that the medium-range order in this material is consistent with a face-sharing or interpenetrating configuration. These conclusions support results from atomistic modeling and a structural basis for the glass formability of this system.


The principles of implementation of expert system based on the knowledge base for on-line quality control of VSP data are considered. Application of expert system will allow supervising equipment condition, estimating the quality and reliability of acquired seismic data, increasing efficiency of decision making.


One in five people have an appearance that is considered 'different' to the normal population. This can have a profound impact on the lives of those affected and their families and partners. Nicola Stock, Research Associate at the Centre for Appearance Research explores the challenges associated with disfigurement and stresses the importance of focusing on positive attributes and relationships


The growth of stimulated Raman backscattering (RBS) and forward scattering (RFS), as a function of density and temperature in a parabolic density profile, is examined and simulation results are compared to analytic theory. This work is relevant to the burnthrough foil experiments, in which Raman scattering is explored in spatial scale lengths long enough to be relevant to high gain targets.


This article has the objective to reflect about the contributions of the Historical-Cultural The- ory, particularly, of the activity theory in the analysis of the school education and about this meaning in the process of emancipation of humans, emphasizing Vygotskyꞌs (development conception/apprenticeship) and Leontievꞌs thoughts (conception of the human activity and school activity) and their pedagogical impli- cations on the degree of the individuality and school practice. Those reflections accomplish in a dialogue with textual references of those authors and interpreters, with prominence to the intellectual production of Davilov, Duarte, Libâneo, Mello and Martins. Initially, under the foundation of Marxist Theory, will be determinated the concept of human species as historical and teachable been. Afterwards, it is discussed school education on the mediation of alienating educative processes, opposing with the educative activity with potentialities of humanization. At last, it is detached some implications of the activity theory for the human development and for the school activity.


Abstract Let G⊂SU(2,1) be nonelementary and S be its minimal generating system. In this paper, we show that if S satisfies some conditions, then S can be replaced by a minimal generating system S1consisting only of loxodromic elements.


When the lifting wavelet is used to reduce noises in different signals,thresholds of wavelet coefficient must be determined to drop the small coefficient.In order to overcome shortcomings of thresholds used in the classical wavelet,improved half-soft threshold based on the lifting wavelet is proposed for signal denoising in this paper.According to the simulation results based on the lifting wavelet,a higher signal to noise ratio(SNR) gain and a faster processing are achieved by using improved half-soft threshold,compared with those achieved by using classical thresholds.


Courcelle's theorem states that given an MSO formula ϕ and a graph G with n vertices and treewidth τ , checking whether G satisfies ϕ or not can be done in time f (τ, |ϕ|) · n where f is some computable function. We show an analogous result for extension complexity. In particular, we consider the polytope P ϕ (G) of all satisfying assignments of a given MSO formula ϕ on a given graph G and show that P ϕ (G) can be described by a linear program with f (|ϕ|, τ) · n inequalities where f is some computable function, n is the number of vertices in G and τ is the treewidth of G. In other words, we prove that the extension complexity of P ϕ (G) is linear in the size of the graph G. This provides a first meta theorem about the extension complexity of polytopes related to a wide class of problems and graphs. Furthermore, even though linear time optimization versions of Courcelle's theorem are known, our result provides a linear size LP for these problems out of the box. We also introduce a simple tool for polyhedral manipulation, called the glued product of polytopes which is a slight generalization of the usual product of polytopes. We use it to build our extended formulation by identifying a case for 0/1 polytopes when the glued product does not increase the extension complexity too much. The glued product may be of independent interest.


In Jackson v. Superior Court , 406 P.3d 782 (Cal. 2017), the California Supreme Court considered whether the state legislature intended for commitment for competency restoration for the maximum period authorized by law to be a categorical bar to further criminal proceedings.

#### Facts of the Case


Based on a study of synergetic, philosophical and theological methodology the phenomenon of man is analyzed, understood as a complex, open, and self-organizing system. The internal features of its functioning, its mechanisms of internal restructuring, depending on varied environment and changes in the internal needs of the system, its synergistic interaction with the higher system, understood in the framework of this research as God. Possible trajectories of the system and its ability to achieve optimum operation, the highest harmony, conventionally called "the man's appropriation of heaven", is examined.


Neutron resonances of separated isotopes of bromine were measured using a TOF spectrometer of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute electron linear accelerator. Transmission and capture measurements were made with a 6Li-glass and a Moxon-Rae detector respectively, on separated isotopes (~98%) of 79Br and 81Br. Resonance analyses were made on transmission data with an area analysis code, and on capture data with a Monte-Carlo program. For 79Br gΓo/n values of 156 levels below 10 keV are obtained, and for 81Br 100 levels below 15 keV. The s-wave strength function So , average level spacing , and average radiation width are obtained; for 79Br So= (1.27 ± 0.14) 10−4 =45±5eV, = 293±20 meV, and for 81Rr So= (0.86±0.14) 10−4 = 70±12eY, = 234±20 meV. For 79Br statistical properties of resonances are in good agreement with the predictions of the statistical model. Intermediate structures are observed in the resonances of 81Br showing clusters of levels at 1.2, 4.4, 10.0, 11.5 and 14.1...


Opposite polarity magnetic force microscope (MFM) profiles of domain walls (DWs) in magnetite were measured with a commercial MFM tip magnetized in opposite directions perpendicular to the sample surface. The influence of the tip field on a DW resulted in an overall more attractive interaction. The difference between opposite polarity DW profiles provided a qualitative measurement of the reversible changes in DW structure due to the localized field of the MFM tip. The dependence of the measured alteration on tip-sample separation was fit with a power law at different positions across the DW. The rate of decay of the alteration with tip-sample separation, quantified by the exponent of the power law fit, varied across the DW and was much slower than expected from a simple model.


A crystalline preparation from corpus luteum was isolated and a diketon C12H3203 or C12H3002 was demonstrated. (The formula C21H3402 is also a possibility.) Laboratory investigations proceeding at this time concern further clarification of the nature of this hormonal preparation and attempt further fractionnation of the crystallized keton mixture. Biological tests were performed by Dr. Tschapp in Basel according to the modified Corner-Clauberg method (adult castrated female rabbits pretested with a follicle hormone). Large amounts of corpus luteum were necessary for test effectiveness. .360 mg of keton unrefined crystallization was isolated and recrystallized 5 times indicating a melting point of 175-177 degrees C.


In this paper I propose to review our attempts and struggles, over the years, to pursue this path. We were trying to develop an argument that took into account Dr. Singh's slowly emerging unease with UG's universalistic claims with respect to a human individual's linguistic competence. Dr. Singh's work on language acquisition in multilingual societies had, in part, led to this unease. We were trying to find a way to move from this unease towards a recognition of and greater attention to the sociality of the human subject as an inherent element of a more comprehensive notion of multi-dimensional human competence. I intend to review the inadequacies and blind spots in some of our joint work at this stage as well as reasons for my reluctant withdrawal from the project. I also hope to briefly review the highly potent subsequent work by Dr. Singh on his own and with some of his colleagues from within the discipline of linguistics, leading to a richer response to the inadequacies of the near total preoccupation with a theory of linguistic form. These have been highly rewarding contributions to that still unfinished project of developing an integrated theory of language and society. References


This study aims to find out how to strengthen the promotion strategy of the Umama instant hijab brand on purchasing decisions among students in the Sidoarjo area. This study examines respondents, namely students in the Sidoarjo area who have known and used Umama's instant hijab products in their daily lives. The method used is quantitative research with a sample of 100 students. Data collection at the interval level was carried out by distributing questionnaires. The data analysis used is the outer model test and the inner model test on the Smart PLS software application. The results of this study indicate that strengthening the promotion strategy has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions.


Abstract : The goal of this project is to develop decision support system for breast cancer diagnosis, treatment option, prognosis, and risk prediction. This project focuses on the development of advanced image pattern analysis in diagnostic imaging and information integration methodology to statistically analyze the distinction between lesion-like normal site and real lesion site. The specific aims of this research project are: (1) image pattern analysis of breast tissue in mammography using both computational features and BI-RADS features provided by radiologist for the prediction of malignancy associated with masses; (2) development of visual presentation methods for radiologists' use in the consultation system; (3) performing a pre-clinical test through an ROC analysis. The clinical goal of this consultation system is to provide scientific tools for doctors to have electronic magnification views, to perform feature analysis of suspected mammographic patterns, to access a large database and investigate clinically similar cases, and to visually inspect the features of a case in various statistical distribution using graphic displays. We have accomplished (1) feature extraction, (2) feature database construction, (3) data mining visual explanation tool development, (4) feature database structure exploration, (5) feature ranking and selection, and (6) classification of mass and non-mass based on selected.


Objectives
To investigate the nutritional status and influence factors of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and propose the corresponding countermeasures.

Methods
A total of 103 MHD patients were selected in the central who were divided into the normal nutrition group (score≤10) and malnutrition group (score>10) by modified quantitative subjective global assessment (MQSGA) form. Then, the corresponding factors affecting the malnutrition of MHD patients were analyzed.

Results
Within the 103 MHD patients, 59 patients were classified into the normal nutrition group, and 44 patients were in the malnutrition group taking 42.72%. Based on the multivariable logistic regression analysis, it was found that the dangerous factors for the occurrence of malnutrition in MHD patients include increasing age [95%CI(1.004, 1.072), P=0.027], suffering from diabetes [95%CI(1.113, 16.143), P=0.034], and knowing little knowledge about nephropathy nutrition[95%CI(1.253, 12.531), P=0.019].

Conclusions
According to the factors affecting the nutrition status of MHD patients, one can effectively improve the nutritional status of patients, and reduce the occurrence of malnutrition through increasing the nutrition screening frequency of patients with high age and diabetes history, early detection and intervene, and the improvement of the nutritional knowledge of MHD patients in the clinical work.

Key words:
Renal Dialysis; Nutritional Status


Wherever labor has played a significant role in bringing about regime change, there may be opportunities to join in the post-authoritarian ruling coalition in the hopes of consolidating its influence. This article examines the long-term risks and unanticipated consequences of giving in to this temptation by comparing post-communist Poland and post-apartheid South Africa, where the leading trade union federations became weaker and more divided as their political allies pushed forward with economic liberalization. Tunisia's trade unions, awarded the 2015 Nobel Peace Prize for their contribution to a stable transition after the 'Arab Spring,' face the risk of going down the same path should they continue to view themselves as partners of the new governing elite, which has already signaled its intention of pursuing further liberalization.


Studies has shown that medical diagnosis of patients in most developing countries and especially in rural areas are adversely affected by lack of proper healthcare structures, poor patient to doctor ratio and sub-standard educational systems. More so, these services are not accessible due non-affordability and poor human resource allocation in public facilities. In an attempt to bridge this gap, medical Robotic assistive systems were recently introduced to enhance general healthcare access and to carry out early diagnosis of common ailments. The rapid expansion of wireless communication networks has enabled these developments. Such intelligence systems consist of wireless monitoring systems, sensor networks, medical devices, wireless communication, middleware software and software applications that help advance improvements in healthcare. This paper attempts to review the use of Medical Robotic assistive systems for early diagnosis of common ailments. Furthermore, the literature review exposes the gap in early diagnosis and some part of opportunity that have not been explored for early diagnosis of common ailments in rural areas. The study concludes that robotic systems will in fact be an important part of future interventions, but more research and clinical trials are needed. 1 Index Term—early diagnostics, wireless medical devices, sensor networks, Medical Robotic Assistive System (MRA),


Radioresistance in tumors limits the curative effect of the radiotherapy. Mimetic compounds of second mitochondria‐derived activator of caspase (Smac) are potential new tumor radiation‐sensitizing drugs because they can increase radiation‐induced tumor cell apoptosis. Here, we observed the radiosensitization effect of a new Smac mimetic Antennapedia protein (ANTP)‐SmacN7 fusion peptide in A549 cells and investigated the underlying mechanisms behind the effects of this protein on tumor cells.


This article refers to Fides et Ratio by John Paul II. Starting from the analysisof this letter, the author discusses the deficiency of ratio in three dimensions: philosophical, theological and social one.


Objective Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor in China,with a low rate of early diagnosis,high rate of advanced malignancy and poor prognosis.The aim of our study was to explore the value of preoperative intravenous combined with intra-arterial intensified chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.Methods A total of 56 cases of histologically proven gastric cancer,in stage II or higher with metastatic lymph nodes and with or without distant metastasis,were treated by intravenous 5-Fu(370 mg/m2) plus Leucovorin(200 mg/m2) on the first 5 days and intra-arterial Etoposide(80 mg/m2) plus Cisplatin(80 mg/m2) on the 6th and 20th day.After two cycles of preoperative chemotherapy,those with resectable tumors underwent laparotomy.Results Two cycles of chemotherapy were accomplished in the patients.The overall response rate was 78.57%(44/56),in which 4 cases(7.14%) were considered to have a complete response.Forty-six of the patients underwent surgical resection,including 21 cases that had been considered as unresectable before chemotherapy.The rate of R0 resection was 96.15%(25/26) for the initially resectable cases and 66.67%(20/30) for the unresectable cases.Pathologically complete response was observed in 8.70% of the patients,toxicity was moderate,and there were no chemotherapy-related deaths.With a median follow-up of 31 months(range 6 to 76 mo),the 5-year survival rate was 21% for all the cases,and 42% for those with initially resectable tumors.Conclusion Intravenous combined with intra-arterial intensified chemotherapy,as a safe and promising regimen for the preoperative treatment of advanced gastric cancer,can significantly improve the rates of resection and overall survival of the patients.


The study of parent-child relations has emerged as a topic of strong interest to parents, teachers, social workers, and service and health professionals. This article reviews current resources (books and films) that are available for family life educators offering general parenting courses. These resources focus on the following topics: parents' assessments of their children's developmental needs, the developmental needs of individuals as parents, expansion of the parent-child dyad to the parent-child triad, the role the child plays in eliciting different childrearing patterns, and an ecological perspective of parent-child relations. There is a growing interest in America in preparation for parenthood. This interest has arisen as a result of various social changes. These changes include an increase in births to teenage mothers, a rise in the number of single-parent families and stepfamilies, an increase in dualworker families, changing roles of mothers and fathers, and a greater awareness of ineffective and abusive parental practices. Awareness of the need for parenthood preparation is demonstrated by a proliferation of parent education programs. Practical questions are being asked regarding what information to include in parenting programs and what resources are available to support these efforts. This article examines contemporary parenting topics and reviews the resources available to family life educators and other practitioners seeking useful information in designing parent education courses.


An unprotected (permitted) right-turn is when a driver is allowed to make a right turn and merge with non-stopping cross traffic stream. In this case, the turning driver will need to use his/her ju ...


The There are two digital implementations: for curvelet transform the first digital transformation is based on unequally-spaced fast Fourier transform while the second is based on the wrapping of specially selected Fourier samples.The realization of these two methods for image denoising performance is compared,and a new method of noisy image blind separation is proposed using Fast Discrete Curvelet Transforms via wrapping algorithm and the algorithm of Fast ICA.The simulation results show that this method has more effective performance and the higher running speed in mixed image de-noising and separation for the mixed images with additive white Gaussian noise.Therefore,this algorithm is more suited for sophisticated noisy image blind separation.


Abstract Frank Knight's theory of monopoly price has received relatively little attention in the literature on Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. We argue that Knight accepted and refined the monopoly price theory of Carl Menger and his followers. Knight highlights the difference between monopoly as an inevitable outcome of departures from perfect competition, and monopoly as a contingent or 'culture-history fact'. In the latter case, coercive institutional barriers to potential competition shape the choice set of consumers and producers, and provide a crucial method for identifying monopoly gains. There are three benefits to this account of Knight's contributions: it rehabilitates the focus on the institutional determinants of monopoly price, as opposed to the mainstream emphasis on market frictions and imperfections; it opens the way for a Mengerian monopoly price theory that seriously engages the study of institutions; and it adds new evidence and nuance to ongoing debates about Knight's place in economics.


The Advanced Space Transportation (AST) project office has challenged NASA to design, manufacture, ground-test and flight-test an axisymmetric, hydrocarbon-fueled, flight-weight, ejector-ramjet engine system testbed no later than 2005. To accomplish this, a multi-center NASA team has been assembled. The goal of this team, led by NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), is to develop propulsion technologies that demonstrate rocket and airbreathing combined-cycle operation (DRACO). Current technical activities include flowpath conceptual design, engine systems conceptual design, and feasibility studies investigating the integration and operation of the DRACO engine with a Lockheed D-21B drone. This paper focuses on the activities of the Flowpath Systems Product Development Team (PDT), led by NASA-Glenn Research Center (GRC) and supported by NASA-MSFC and TechLand Research, Inc. The objective of the Flowpath PDT at the start of the DRACO program was to establish a conceptual design of the flowpath aerodynamic lines, determine the preliminary performance, define the internal environments, and support the DRACO testbed concept feasibility studies. To accomplish these tasks, the PDT convened to establish a baseline flowpath concept. With the conceptual lines defined, cycle analysis tasks were planned and the flowpath performance and internal environments were defined. Additionally, sensitivity studies investigating the effects of inlet reference area, combustion performance, and combustor/nozzle materials selection were performed to support the Flowpath PDT design process. Results of these tasks are the emphasis of this paper and are intended to verify the feasibility of the DRACO flowpath and engine system as well as identify the primary technical challenges inherent in the flight-weight design of an advanced propulsion technology demonstration engine. Preliminary cycle performance decks were developed to support the testbed concept feasibility studies but are not discussed further in this paper.


Promoting coordinated regional development is the important content of implementing the scientific concept of development and constructing the harmonious society.It is also the major task of the constructing well-off society.But the dilemmas of coordinated regional development are that regional disparity is still outstanding and improving regional resources allocation efficiency of space is facing many obstacles.It is not coordinate between the space layout of productivity and population and environmental bearing capacity aslo.The key of promoting coordinated regional development is to the integrating of efficiency,fairness and friendly environment.


Among some Arizona and Texas material received through Mr. S. Cassino I have found a species of Parapheromia which appears to be new and which I describe as follows :— Parapheromia cassinoi n. sp. Male. Antennae claviform; head and thorax an admixture of black and light gray scaling; primaries light brown, heavily obscured with black scaling the ground-color only showing plainly along the outer margin and in the median area in the region of the discal spot; lines black, the basal one double and strongly excurved, the median one arising from a small black costal patch and subparallel to basal line, outer one irregularly outcurved below costa, then inwardly oblique and rather rigid to a point helow the inception of vein two, where it bends and runs perpendicular to inner margin; this line distinctly geminate in its lower region and followed above inner margin by an irregular white patch; s. t. line white, irregularly dentate and preceded by a blackish shade; a slight black dash below apex and faint black terminal line; fringes pale smoky.


Twelve endemic and rare taxa of Kefalonia were karyologically examined. Apart from their chromosome numbers, karyomorphology and comments on the karyotype morphology, data are also given about their habitat and potential threats. Moreover, an attempt is being made to assess the conservation status of their populations and to suggest measures for their protection and sustainable management. For every taxon, the chromosome indicators TCL and ACL are given for the first time.
Allium ionicum (endemic of the Ionian Islands) is studied for the first time from Kefalonia and Zakynthos. The chromosome number is always 2n = 16, but the kayotypes differ as far as the number and the size of the satellites are concerned. Centaurea subciliaris subsp. subciliaris (endemic of the Ionian Islands), with diploid (2n = 18) and tetraploid (2n = 36 + 1Β) individuals, showed difference comparing to previous refers regarding the presence of B-chromosomes. The DNA amount of the subspecies, for both diploid and tetraploid individuals, was counted for the first time. Cerastium candidissimum (Greek endemic) has 2n = 36 chromosomes. This is the first study for Kefalonia and first publication of the karyotype. Saponaria aenesia (endemic of Kefalonia, Endangered) has 2n = 28 chromosomes and this is the first report for the species. The chromosome number 2n = 24, found for Silene ionica (Greek endemic), agrees with previous studies. However, information about its karyotype is presented here for the first time. Sulla coronaria (Mediterranean, rare in Greece) has 2n = 16 chromosomes. The karyotype is given here for the first time. Scutellaria rupestris subsp. cephalonica (exclusive endemic taxon of Kefalonia, Endangered) has 2n = 34 chromosomes. Our results are in accordance with previous refers for the taxon. The chromosome numbers of Stachys parolinii (Greek endemic, 2n = 34) and Thymus holosericeus (endemic of the Ionian Islands, 2n = 4x = 28) agree with previous studies. The results for Fritillaria messanensis subsp. gracilis (Adriatic - Ionian distribution) with 2n = 24 +1B chromosomes, agree with previous publications. Moreover, the DNA amount of the taxon was estimated for the first time for material from Greece. The subspecies was also observed after CMΑ3 and FISH to detect the 18S - 5.8S - 26S και 5S genes and compared with the other two subspecies, F. messanensis subsp. messanensis and F. messanensis subsp. sphaciotica. Fritillaria mutabilis (Greek endemic) has 2n = 24 chromosomes. This is the first study for Kefalonia and first estimation of the DNA amount for the species. Finally, the chromosome number 2n = 4x = 28, found for Cymbalaria microcalyx subsp. minor (Greek endemic), agrees with previous research for the species from the island. The chromosomes were measured here for the first time.


In this paper, we find all static, cylindrically symmetric spacetime metrics admitting homothetic symmetries. For this purpose, first we analyze the homothetic symmetry equations by an algorithm developed in Maple which gives all possible static, cylindrically symmetric metrics that may possess proper homothetic symmetry. After that, we have solved the homothetic symmetry equations for all these metrics to get the final form of homothetic symmetry vector fields. Comparing the obtained results with those of direct integration technique, it is observed that the Rif tree approach not only recovers the metrics already found by direct integration technique, but it also produces some new metrics.


Nuggets is one of the processed meat product in a restructuring. Meatin the manufacture of nuggets can be obtained from various types oflivestock, livestock type and age of cattle, for example from beef, buffalomeat, rabbit meat, mutton and meat of laying hens rejected. Quality ofnuggets as the restructuring of meat products is determined by the ability ofeach binding between the particles of meat and other ingredients are added,so the starch as binder. Gelatinization process that will determine the qualitynuggets related to the concentration of starch is added and the temperaturesteaming. Gelatinization temperature during steaming should be appropriateto improve the quality of chicken nuggets which have a layer rejects toughnature. Therefore it needs to do research about the quality of chickennuggets laying rejected by the addition of starch and different longsteaming. From the results of this research can be concluded that the type ofchicken meat does not give effect to the elasticity, organoleptic test scoretexture, appearance and porosity nuggets of chicken, use chicken nuggetslaying rejects giving a better quality than broiler meat. Nuggets by using themeat of laying hens rejects and tapioca 30% and 50 minutes long steamingbest treatment. Key Words : Quality, Nuggets, Laying chicken rejects


This study assessed the status of teacher trainees in relation to their utilization of instructional materials in teaching practice in Ebonyi State. Fifty four teacher trainees proportionately sampled from the three educational zones in the state were observed during teaching practice while teaching English and Mathematics in Primaries 4-6 based on the researchers' constructed Observational Schedule titled: "Utilization of Instructional Materials Assessment Checklist for Teaching Practice Students ". (UIMACTPS). The instrument was validated using test retest method and Cronbach procedure was used to obtain reliability co-efficient of 0.81. The study also adopted another researcher- made instrument titled: "Perceptions of Teacher Trainees on Strategies to be adopted to Enhance their Utilization of Instructional Materials in Teaching Practice" (PTTSAEUIMTP). The instrument was pilot tested using trainee teachers from Enugu State College of Education (Technical). A reliability value of 0.79 was obtained using Cronbach procedure. In the Checklist simple percentage was used to rate the weightings while mean and standard deviation formed the basis of data analysis in the questionnaire. t - - Test of difference was used to test the hypothesis. Among other things data showed that teacher trainees' proficiency in utilization of instructional materials was not observed. Teacher trainees, as strategies to enhance their use of instructional materials suggested orientation and workshop. It was recommended that Microteaching should be made more demanding to prepare teacher trainees for teaching practice.


It is necessary to provide an environmental dimension to all educational practices if we really want to make progress towards education for sustainability. The curricula should be reoriented based on the principles and focus of education for sustainability. This paper presents a research process carried out by a working group formed by teachers from the Catalan Green School Programme, by representatives from the Department of the Environment and Housing and the Department of Education, the Catalan Society for Environmental Education and the GRECA (Research Group of Scientific and Environmental Education, University of Girona) as a coordinator. The objectives of the research were to: (i) define the concept of curriculum greening within compulsory education; (ii) characterize curriculum greening at the early, primary and secondary education levels. (iii) Identify strategies for curriculum greening in schools. The research is situated within the theoretical-critical educational research paradigm and follows a process of participatory action research. The analysis is fundamentally qualitative. The definition and the characterization of the curriculum greening are presented, as well as a proposal of strategies for greening the curriculum in compulsory education.


The pH and temperature optima for activity and stability of a raw α-galactosidase preparation were determined. The enzymatic preparation was obtained through surface fermentation of Aspergillus oryzae on wheat bran and its substrate was a 2 mM solution of p-nitrophenyl-a-D-galactopiranoside (PNPG) in 0,5 M Mc-Ilvain buffer. Results show pH and temperature optima for activity of 5 and 50 °C respectively, while stability is achieved at pH values ranging from 8 to 9 and temperature below 30 °C.


The paper presents a pilot scale study conducted to examine the control of Disinfection By-Product (DBP) precursors by conventional and enhanced coagulation. The objectives of the study were to assess: (1) the usefulness of total organic carbon (TOC) as a surrogate for DBP precursors; (2) the performance scale-up from jar testing to the pilot scale; (3) the differences in resulting DBP formation in conventional and enhanced plants; and (4) the differences in filter run times and particulate control in conventional and enhanced plants. Conventional and enhanced coagulation were compared using two parallel pilot-scale treatment plants employing rapid mix, floculation, and sedimentation.


During the COVID-19 pandemic, the telemedicine industry evolved rapidly in India. The purpose of this case research was to map the evolution of the telemedicine industry in India. This was studied from the perspectives of present business models and customer engagement methods practised in India by different telemedicine firms. The research case study approach as advocated by Yin (1994, 2011), Eisenhardt (1989, 1991) and Woodside (2010) was followed. For the purpose of this study, the authors collected the data related to telemedicine firms' business leaders in India through primary and secondary sources from October 2020 to February 2021. An array of appropriate methods was applied to compare, analyse, conduct pattern mapping, pattern matching and illustrate the subject to support the arguments of this research study. Specifically, a theoretical contribution was made on business models (Acheampong & Vimarlund, 2015; Peters et al., 2015) and customer interaction (Broens et al., 2007; Gackowski et al., 2011).


And (57) Abstract: cyclonic separator (10), the cyclonic separator (10) is passed through a and a fan (12) for flow of fluid, cyclonic separator (10), inlet section (16), and a inner wall having a frusto-conical portion which tapers away from said inlet portion (16) (18), in the apparatus for separating particles from a fluid stream, a fan (12) It is accelerated toward the fluid inner wall to pass (18), and thereby the particles from the fluid flow in the cyclonic separator (10) as given sufficient tangential velocity to centrifugation, cyclone separation fan inlet (16) in respect to the machine (10) (12) is arranged.


The present invention is a field emission electron device which uses an electron emitter comprising a coating of diamond material, the upper surface of the diamond coating layer is selectively formed conductive / semiconductive electrode (402). The present invention further relates to a method of forming the device, the method comprising a carbon ion implantation surface of the conductor so as to obtain the semiconductor electrode to a point of action of the nucleation step is formed at the diamond.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the microflora and identify streptococci from the oral cavity of cats. Oral samples from 15 cats were cultured on BHI-YE agar for total organisms, and selective media for streptococci and mutans streptococci. The distribution and characterization of the isolates were studied. The predominant bacteria were gram-positive and -negative rods, accounting for approximately 46.8% and 44.6% on BHI-YE plates, respectively. On MS medium, commonly used for the detection of oral streptococci in humans, the cultivable bacteria comprised 36% of those on BHI-YE medium. The predominant bacteria were gram-negative rods on MS plates. Gram-positive cocci were detected at low levels of less than 1% on both media. The genus Streptococcus was found in 5 cats, at 0.0002-0.0082% of total cultured bacteria. The most isolates were identified as Streptococcus minor. As one isolate could not be identified by biochemical and genetic methods, it was suggested that it might be a new species. Mutans streptococci were not detected from the oral cavity of the cats.


The semianalytical method of lines is used for the calculation of capacitances of crossing transmission lines with finite thickness conductors. Strip thickness is taken into consideration by grouping the potential lines separately across the x- and y-directions. Subsequently the matrices of second-order operators are constructed and a relation between potential lines for the x- and y-directions is developed. Finally, the resulting real symmetric five-diagonal matrix is analysed.


Electron microscopy has been used to investigate whether the transversely striated columns of the connecting piece in the neck region of guinea pig spermatozoa, undergo lengthening and shortening as a result of the forces generated during motility. Motile spermatozoa were subjected to near‐instantaneous rapid freezing, followed by freeze‐substitution fixation and epoxy embedment. Thin sections passing longitudinally through the striated columns revealed that the periodicity was indeed variable. The repeat period, taken to have an unstressed width of 60 nm, could be found extended to 75 nm in some specimens, and reduced to 54 nm in others. The estimates of the coefficients of variation were 6.6% for the width of the 'dense' band and 33.5% for the 'pale' band. The 'pale' band in the extended state showed longitudinal striae. Such variations in length, which – it is suggested – are physiological, and passively induced, would have functional implications for the flagellum – for both bend initiation and bend growth. Also, hypothetically, any mechanism that could increase the degree of compliance in these columns, such as perhaps phosphorylation of the constituent proteins, could permit the flagellum to develop the exaggerated bend angles and asymmetries of the 'hyperactivated' state.


Most problems in pattern recognition arise from the translation, rotation and size-changing of the recognised pattern. One solution to this problem is the use of a class of transforms which are simultaneously invariant under shift, rotation and scaling, so called STIR invariant transforms. The algorithms are based on a general transformation where the kernel itself contains the function to be transformed. Thus the invariances are achieved by a kind of self-mapping. Preprocessing of the input signal, such as determination of the centroid or coordinate transformation, is not necessary. The paper gives the results of development work related to the design of an invariant associative image memory based on the use of a STIR invariant transform. The memory is implemented as a software package on a PC and tested with recognition of a large set of human face photographs, which are arbitrary shifted, rotated, scaled, partly covered and corrupted by noise.


Teaching grammar is a boring activity. Students commonly get bored when their teachers teach them grammar using monotonous ways that make them difficult to understanding simple past tense. The purposes of the researcher used movie as media in teaching grammar is to solve the problem. It observed the use of the movie to improve the second graders understanding of simple past tense and presented the problems into a research question. Those were: What are the students responses on using movies as media in teaching simple past tense in SMP Antartika Surabaya and does movie improve students understanding of simple past in SMP Antartika Surabaya.


632 For years, the most commonly performed technique for prosthetic breast reconstruction has been submuscular, with elevation of the pectoralis major muscle for partial or complete implant coverage. This carries the benefits of a reproducible outcome, with low rates of infection and capsular contracture.1 However, a consistent consequence of subpectoral or dualplane breast reconstruction is the tendency for the entire reconstructed breast to move with pectoralis muscle activation or contraction. This socalled animation deformity can range in severity from subclinical motion barely perceptible to the patient, to drastic routine displacement of the breast associated with pain, increased implant visibility, implant ripping, and a significant negative impact on the patient's quality of life (Fig. 1).2


Proposes a neural network model that has the ability to repair the missing portions of partly occluded patterns. It is a multi-layered hierarchical neural network, in which visual information is processed by interaction of bottom-up and top-down signals. If a partly occluded pattern is unfamiliar to the model, the model tries to reconstruct the original shape by extrapolating the contours of the unoccluded part of the pattern. If the pattern has already been learned by the model, the model recognizes it and tries to complete the shape using the learned information on the shape of the pattern. The model does not use a simple template matching method. It can accept even deformed versions of learned patterns.


The invention relates to a method and apparatus for operating an optical distance sensor, said optical distance sensor comprising a plurality of measuring channels, each measuring channel is associated with a measurement beam for determining a distance value between the sensor and the measured work piece, wherein at least some of the plurality of measuring beams form the first measurement beams, which are arranged along a vertical offset to the measuring direction of the measuring beam and the direction of propagation of the measuring beams each extending first line, said taking of the measuring beam to the measuring beam a first distance from one another, and wherein the workpiece and the sensor for measuring the workpiece surface relative to each other are moved in a scan path, wherein the movement has at least a component perpendicular to the propagation direction of the measuring beams designated as a scan direction. Here, the scan direction from the direction departs perpendicularly from the first line and the scanning direction and the direction of the first line are set to each other so that a perpendicular given to the measuring direction a second distance between respectively adjacent to the first line measurement beams results perpendicular to the direction of movement.


To study the effect of crop phenology and cultivation practices on methanotrophic communities, two tropical rice fields located in the upper Gangetic plain of India with similar soil type and different cropping history were selected. A laboratory incubation experiment for the enumeration of methanotrophs and for the measurement of CH4 oxidation potential was conducted on a parallel basis. The methanotroph population size was found to be significantly higher in the Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi soil than the Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi soil. The population size increased with the age of the plant for both the sites. The CH4 oxidation potential was higher with the BHU soil compared to the IIVR soil. The CH4 oxidation rate increased significantly from tillering to flowering to grain-filling stages, and finally there was no significant difference between the grain-filling and the grain-maturation stages. A diagnostic microarray targeting the pmoA gene and a 16S rRNA denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)-based approach were applied to assess the diversity of the methanotrophic community for the two sites. A broad diversity of methanotrophs was detected at both sites, including type I and type II methanotrophs of the genera Methylobacter, Methylomonas, Methylosarcina, Methylosphaera, Methylomicrobium and Methylocystis. Type II methanotrophs were found in higher abundance as compared to type I methanotrophs at both the sites. DGGE analysis indicated that the methanotroph community in BHU soil was more or less stable, while little variation was found in IIVR soil during crop growth.


ABSTRACT Architecture has always embraced innovative ideas, materials, and techniques. Contemporary architecture is no exception. The emerging computation-based design approaches, known as Computational Design (CD), differ significantly from the previous ones since they ground the design representation in its computational logic instead of its geometric aspects. CD is changing both design theory and practice, but most architects are not yet aware of its impact. To promote a more critical view, while further improving its future application, this paper analyses the course of CD from its origin until today by (1) explaining its evolution since the early 60s, (2) discussing the advancements in CD tools during that period, (3) presenting architectural projects and events that explored CD, and (4) providing a chronology of CD literature. It concludes that, as it happened in the past, technological developments continue to shape architectural theory and practice and, simultaneously, are guided by their needs and aspirations.


The lack of ERAD determinants and a powerful ER exit signal mediate Wsc1p's evasion of ER folding surveillance systems. As a consequence, Wsc1p traffics to Golgi apparatus whether folded or not, making it an obligate substrate of Golgi quality control.