We developed a high-order algorithm in time for our spectral-element discontinuous Galerkin time-domain electromagnetic code NekCEM. High-order spatial approximations are known to be the most efficient scheme guaranteeing a certain level of accuracy after long simulation time due to less numerical dispersion. We investigate an explicit type time stepping method, exponential timeintegration method, based on Krylov approximation which can possibly accel efficiency by allowing larger time step size with the total number of timestep reduction for accelerator applications. Computational results are compared to those by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method that has been widely used for high-order spatial operator for the Maxwell's equations. We demonstrate the parallel performance of the high-order time-integration scheme up to 8,192 processors achieving efficiency of 72%. INTRODUCTION The electromagnetic solver NekCEM [1] is an Argonnedeveloped high-order Maxwell solver that employs a spectral-element discontinuous Galerkin (SEDG) scheme based on body-fitted hexahedral meshes [2, 3]. We have previously shown wakefield calculations using the fourthorder Runge-Kutta (RK4) time stepping method for the SEDG scheme [4, 5]. Here we discuss an efficient highorder time integration technique based on the Krylov subspace approximation [6] which allows larger timestep size as the dimension of the approximation space increases. We demonstrate some computational results of this method for accuracy and efficiency in comparison to the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Parallel performance on the highorder time integration method will be demonstrated. FORMULATIONS This section describes the governing equations, discontinuous Galerkin formulation, and spectral discretizations in space. Maxwell's Equations We consider the Maxwell's equations defined as Q ∂q ∂t +∇ · F(q) = S, (1) ∗email@example.com where the field vector q and the flux F(q) are q = [ H E ] , F(q) = [ FH FE ] = [ ei ×E −ei ×H ] (2) and the source term and material properties S = [ 0 −J ] , and Q = diag(μ, μ, μ, , , ), (3) where E = (Ex, Ey, Ez) , H = (Hx, Hy, Hz) , and J represent the electric, magnetic, and current fields, respectively, with the free space permittivity and free space permeability μ. The SEDG Approximations We consider the computational domain Ω with nonoverlapping hexahedral elements Ω such that Ω = ∪e=1Ω. We have a weak formulation defined on each Ω as in [4, 5] ( Q ∂q ∂t +∇ ·F(q) − S, φ ) Ωe = (n̂ · [F− F∗], φ)∂Ωe . (4) where the numerical fluxes F∗ can be chosen as in [3]. We seek the local solutions of the fields in the form of q on each Ω defined as


Most empirical studies regarding micro and small enterprises focus on mature firms in developed countries implying that the growth of such enterprises in post-conflict situations remains largely unexplored. This paper examines embryonic firms in post-conflict Sri Lanka using data collected via a purpose-designed survey administered to 243 emerging enterprises in 2012. The results indicate that firm age positively affects growth, a finding which is opposed to that of most studies. As in previous studies, firm size negatively influences growth. Faster growth was experienced by businesses in the construction and related manufacturing sector which were the first to emerge following the restoration of peace. Previous business experience is critical to growth of private enterprises. Conversely, entrepreneur's education has no significant effect on firm growth. These findings highlight the need for a policy dialogue to create profitable business opportunities to consolidate the gains from peace.


The quest for cheaper and higher quality starch from biological materials has necessitated research into lesser known plants which have better physicochemic al properties over the present commercial starch sources such as corn, cassava, potato, wheat and rice. Corn starch contributes about 80 % of the total global starch production, which is dominated by the developed countries, whereas cassava production wher e the developing nations have comparative advantage contributes only 7.5 %, because cassava products are heavily consumed as staple food. A viable option is to develop some of the unutilized starchy crops that grow wildly in the developing countries. One of such plants is the generic Tacca , which is native to tropical regions of the world where it grows in the wild and domesticated in some areas of the Pacific islands. In Nigeria alone, these plants grow in the wild as in other parts of Africa, virtually unutilized with an annual production estimated at over 20 million MT. The extracted starch (over 30 % wt/wt basis) and the modified derivative (citrate) have been found to be better disintegrants in drug formulations than corn starch , because of higher swelling power, and amylose content, almost zero fat and lower gelatinization temperature. It could also be used in the textile industry for stiffening fabrics. The African region does not have advantage in corn production because of high production cost arising from high requirements of fertilizer and pesticides coupled with severe drought. Investment in Tacca plantation and its industrial starch production can complement the cassava initiative revolution that is presently going on in Africa as a sustainable strategy to alleviate hunger and improve the economic growth of the continent. If the industrial potentials of Tacca plant are fully exploited for its starch production, it could make Africa significantly contribute to the global starch production. The available data on the industrial potentials of the plant and starch is adequate t o encourage the domestication and cultivation of this tropical plant in African countries.


The crease set of an event horizon or a Cauchy horizon is an important object which determines the qualitative properties of the horizon. In particular, it determines the possible topologies of the spatial sections of the horizon. By Fermat's principle in geometric optics, we relate the crease set and the Maxwell set of a smooth function in the context of singularity theory. We thereby give a classification of generic topological structures of the Maxwell sets and the generic topologies of the spatial section of the horizon.


Hexagonal crystal phase Si1-xGex is a direct bandgap semiconductor for x>70%. We observe tunable light emission 1.8-3.5 μm at 4K. We observe amplified spontaneous emission as well as coherent light emission for Hex-Ge.


Clare Tanton, writer and winner of the BNZ Katherine Mansfield Young Writer's Award speaks about how she became aware that she was a good writer. Tanton also elaborates on the encouragement that she received during her schooling years to become a good writer.


Objective To investigate the expression of p53 protein and p21WAF1 protein when the recombinant human p53 adenovirus(rAd-p53)before and after nasopharyngeal primary site intratumoral injection,and to investigate its significance.Methods 51 patients who were diagnosed with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups,treatment group(27 cases)were treated with rAd-p53 intratumoral injection and concurrent chemo-radiotherapy,and control group(24 cases)were treated with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy.Clinical data and the nasopharyngeal tumor tissues were collected after intratumoral injection with rAd-p53.And the p53 protein and p21WAF1 protein expression in the primary tumor tissue of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were detected by immunohistochemistry two step method.Results In treatment group,the p53 protein and p21WAF1 protein expression rates were 33.33% and 33.3% before rAd-p53 intratumoral injection and concurrent chemo-radiotherapy,and 62.96% and 77.77% after treatment.Both positive expression rate improved obviously after treatment(P0.05).In control group,the p53 protein and p21WAF1 protein expression rates were 40.74% and 37.5% respectively before chemo-radiotherapy,and 51.85% and 50.0% after treatment.Both p53 protein and p21WAF1 protein expression heightened after treatment,but there were no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion The increasing p53 protein expression leads to the increasing expression of p21WAF1 protein in nasopharyngeal primary site after rAd-p53 intratumoral injection,which may be the mechanism of nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment.


In this paper, the process of building the controller for an EPS system is investigated based on the fuzzy logic. Unlike the tradition PI controller, the fuzzy controllers have a good control effect for the nonlinear and time-varying systems. Motivated by this observation, this paper designs the fuzzy-PI controller for an EPS system. In proposed control strategy, we establish the fuzzy-PI closed-loop control law, which aims that the actual current of the motor is accurately tracking of motor target current. To obtain this problem, we combine the current deviation and the deviation rate of current change to design the fuzzy controller for adjusting the online of PI parameters. Therefore, our control strategy can overcome the limitation of conventional PI controller with the fixing parameters. In addition, the mathematical model of the column-type EPS system is built through the dynamic analysis. Finally, to demonstrate the advantages for the proposed control method, the simulation model is established according to the Matlab/Simulink with CarSim. The simulation results indicate that the control method proposed in this paper is effective than that of the tradition PI controller.


a late change to a different instrument approach procedure, a hurried approach briefing and difficulty in deciphering a cluttered chart might have been involved in a premature descent that took a commercial aircraft about 1,500 ft below the proper altitude in instrument meteorological conditions. The flight crew had been cleared for — and likely planned and briefed for — the ILS/DME (instrument landing system/distance measuring equipment) approach to the airport. However, just before the aircraft reached the initial approach fix, the tower controller told the crew that the ILS ground equipment had failed and re-cleared the crew to conduct the VOR (VHF omnidirectional radio)/DME approach, a "straight-in" nonprecision approach procedure to the same runway. The aircraft was 6 nm (11 km) from the runway threshold and descending through 500 ft above ground level (AGL) when the terrain awareness and warning system (TAWS) generated a "TERRAIN, PULL UP" warning. The crew responded immediately and initiated a climb to a safe altitude. The aircraft's flight path before the TAWS warning was equivalent to a final descent begun about 4 nm (7 km) before reaching the appropriate descent point, an error that might have resulted from mental workload imposed by the change of Plan Incident No. 6


Traditional knowledge associated with uses and cultivation of indigenous watermelon landraces was surveyed in five regions of Mali. Production of local types of watermelon plays an important role for many households. Farmers in charge of the production were mostly men, while women were in charge of seed extraction and processing. In total, ten types of landraces were differentiated, of which seven were seed types. The frequency of the types differed in the five regions, reflecting different agroecological conditions and traditions. Red, sweet flesh types used for dessert dominated in the more humid areas of West and Central Mali and were used as a cash crop. White flesh types, mainly grown for their seeds, were more important towards the desert region in the North. Here, a wild type was also used for human consumption. The seed was processed into sauces, snacks, and porridge, contributing fat and protein to the diet. Seed for sowing was sourced on-farm. In West and Central Mali, watermelons were intercropped with cereals. In the North, watermelon was cultivated as a sole crop in the sandy soils. Some of the landraces possess high heat and drought tolerance, a trait of interest to enhance food security in arid and desert areas.


Meats were refrigerated up to 4 days with different salt levels, with and without sodium nitrite and sodium isoascorbate. Franks manufactured from these meats were evaluated during shelf life. Taste testing indicated that frankfurter desirability decreased with meat storage. Salt at 1.5% was effective in inhibiting bacterial growth and caused less rancidification than 3% salt. Franks prepared from meats containing salt and cure remained satisfactory. Cured pigment conversion and residual nitrite levels in finished products were marginally reduced by preblending compared with conventionally prepared product. Sodium isoascorbate addition reduced residual nitrite. Frankfurter stability, measured by weight change during water cooking, was not affected by preblending meats with salt.


Preparation of permethyl(-)-gallocatechin gallate by one-step methylation from comercial(-)-gallocatechin gallate((-)-GCG)is expensive.Two methods were deceloped to obtain permethyl(-)-GCG)from crude extract of green tea:the acetylation and the methylation.The methylation method is economical and the yield is high to 7.6%,which provide the basis for synthesis of(-)-GCG derivatives and study of their reversal activity of multidrug resistance.The synthetic compounds were identified by1 H-NMR,13C-NMR,mass spectrometry,and optical rotation.


Current feature-based object type classification methods use texture and shape based information derived from image patches. Generally, input features such as aspect ratio are derived from some rough characteristics of the entire object. However, we derive input features from parts-based representation of the object. In this paper, we propose a method to distinguish object types using structure-based features described by a mixture of Gaussian distribution. Our approach uses the Gaussian fitting onto object image to segment into several sub-regions, each of which is related to a physical part of the object. We model the object as a graph, where the nodes contain texture and shape information obtained from the corresponding segmented regions, and the edges contain the distance information between two connected regions. Calculating the distance of the reference graph and the input graph, we can classify an object into single-human/human-group/vehicle/bike using k-NN based classifier. We demonstrate that we can obtain higher classification performance when we use both conventional features and structure-based features compared to using only conventional features or only structure-based features.


This paper introduces the concept of reader's satisfaction,researches how to determine the evaluation contents form the angle of readers,expounds the r methods and steps for researching university library reader's satisfaction,and analyzes readers'satisfaction of three university libraries with different natures in Hainan Province.


Nowadays, a wide range of non-traditional gluten-free products can be purchased. Although consumers identify all these as being similar, their nutritional composition can differ depending on the raw materials used and the production process itself. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of ten commercially available flours made from rice, pea, chickpea, soybean and hemp. The proximate composition (moisture, fat, fiber, protein, starch and carbohydrates), the mineral composition (Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Cr, Ni, Se, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cd, Pb), the phenolic composition (total phenols, total flavonoids, flavanones and dihydrofavonols, and total antioxidant capacity) and the fatty acid profile were analyzed. Results showed an important influence of the vegetable species but also of the brand on the flour composition. Soybean flours, followed by hemp, showed the highest phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Hemp flour showed a low n6/n3 ratio, while pea flour contained a small amount of fat with a large amount of oleic acid and a satisfactory n6/n3 ratio.


Though blended learning had been continuously adopted in an Academic English Writing course (AEW) in a key university in Beijing, no attempts had been made to describe this new learning environment or investigate its effectiveness and impact. To fill in the gap, the present paper describes and evaluates blended learning in this AEW course in terms of course design, material development and presentation, assignment submission and grading, student involvement, teacher reflection, and student evaluation. Results showed that the students highly appreciated and benefited from the blended learning employed in the course in varying ways: it helped increase student-student and student-teacher interactions, reduce or even eliminate communication anxiety, motivate them to become (more) independent and autonomous learners, and enhance their academic English writing ability, and so on.


The conventional elastic least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) generally inverts the parameter perturbation of the model rather than the reflectivity of reflected P- and S-modes, which leads to difficulty in directly interpreting the physical properties of the subsurface media. However, an accurate velocity model that is needed by the separation of seismic records of conventional LSRTM is usually unavailable in real data, which limits its application. In this study, we introduce a new practical correlative LSRTM (CLSRTM) scheme based on wave mode decomposition without amplitude and phase distortion, which frees from separation of seismic records. In this study, we deduced the migration and the de-migration operators using the decoupled P- and S-wave equations in heterogeneous media, which needs no extra wavefield decomposition in simulated data. To accelerate the convergence and improve the efficiency of the inversion, we adopted an analytical step-length formula that can be incidentally computed during the necessary de-migration process and the L-BFGS algorithm. Two numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed method can compensate the energy of deep structures, and generate clear images with balanced amplitudes and enhanced resolution even for the fault structures beneath the salt dome.


Some Christian organizations, such as the United Methodists and the China Inland Mission propagated in the border district of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan after the Opium War (Britain's invasion of China, 1840-1842). Among them, there were 60000 disciples from the United Methodist's church. The missionaries who came from lower social strata and minorities of England and arrived in China in the tide of colonial aggression. We could call them British Cornish minorities. Their labor stratum and minority's group background of missionaries of Bible Christian Church showed the spontaneous effect of class and nationality in their historical activities.


It is with great pleasure that I am able to introduce this Olympic and Paralympic special edition of the Journal of Sport Psychology in Action. The application of psychological theory and methods t...


In situ infrared vibrational spectroscopy of the electrode/solution interface has established itself as an efficient and informative method for study of the orientation and structure of adsorbed species. The method is growing rapidly in popularity due to is ease in implementation. Very high sensitivities (approximately 10-6 adsorbance) is attained with relatively simple instrumentation and by simple single external specular reflection. A range of related experimental techniques and their application has led to study of problems of wide electrochemical and general interest including: a) The detection and identification in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents of the potential dependent populations of solvent, simple ions, and organic solutes both in the adsorbed state and free in the double layer using a wide range of metallic and non-metallic electrode materials including well-defined single crystal surfaces. b) The investigation of the orientation, surface bonding, and intermolecular interaction of adsorbed species and the effects of electrode potential on these parameters. c) The identification and kinetics of reaction of adsorbed and non-adsorbed reaction intermediates such as radical anions and cations.


PHILIP F. JOHNSON: Yesterday we tried to take a look at some of the players in the commodity business, from the government to all of the various industry segments, and also take a basic look at the statutory and regulatory structure in which it takes place. Problems do arise; and when they arise, the question then becomes: what does one counsel his or her client to do? The first program this morning deals with that subject, including a discussion of the more traditional remedies that are available in the commercial world as a whole, and then an altogether new and somewhat unique system that has developed under the Commodity Exchange Act. Our first speaker this morning is Charles P. Nastro, Senior Vice President and Counsel of the Commodity Division at Shearson Hayden Stone. He is President of the Law and Compliance Division of the Futures Industry Association, and a very active member of both the ABA and the New York City Bar Association Commodity Regulation Committees. He will speak this morning about the traditional avenues of redress. CHARLES P. NASTRO: What I would like to do is to simply go through some of the remedies other than reparations that you might have in the event that you have a problem with an FCM. The first remedy, one that no one really focuses on at any of these sessions, is the FCM itself. You should feel free to contact an FCM when you have a problem because, in the long run, that will benefit your client the most. It is very possible that the FCM may feel that the case should be resolved without the expenses of litigation. So I would suggest that if you do have a problem, go first to the FCM do not file a complaint just go to him, or write to him and spell out the problem in clear detail. Do not just write a letter saying, "My client is entitled to damages of $100,000 because of churning." Try to show him what happened to the account so that they can do their own investigation, and come back and try to resolve it. Contrary to popular belief, many FCMs do not like litigation and would rather try to resolve a case and settle it than to litigate it. Essentially the remedies available are the FCM, federal and state court, arbitration, or reparations. Richard will discuss reparations in greater detail, but I will certainly have some comments on his presentation as he goes along.


The chick-provisioning behaviour of the short-tailed shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris and the wedge-tailed shearwater Puffinus pacificus was investigated in a mixed colony on Montague Island, New South Wales, Australia, over two breeding seasons. This colony is located at opposite edges of the breeding distribution of the two species. Frequent weighing techniques were used to determine chick feeding frequency, feed timing, meal size, chick weight loss and indices of food conversion efficiency of the chicks. Short-tailed shearwater parents fed their chicks larger more infrequent meals than wedge-tailed shearwater parents. Short-tailed shearwater chicks demonstrated higher food conversion efficiencies and lower weight loss than wedge-tailed shearwater chicks, indicating either differences in diet or metabolic rates. The feeding frequency in wedge-tailed shearwaters also fluctuated more widely than for short-tailed shearwaters over the two breeding seasons. Despite the fact that the timing of the breeding cycle on Montague Island is almost identical for the two species, these differences in chick provisioning are probably a result of differences in prey type and location, so they may help explain variations in annual breeding success and limits to the distribution of the two species.


Phase offset recovery, besides channel equalization and timing synchronization, belongs to important task performed in physical layer of receivers. Correct information symbol detection is impossible without accurate phase estimation. The paper presents analysis of a decision-directed blind phase recovery schemes applied in communication systems with square QAM modulations. The cost function of the phase recovery scheme with a reduced constellation approach is considered as well as a way of its application in an adaptive algorithm. The algorithm operation is additionally controlled by an activation threshold. A comparison between different versions of decision-directed methods is made. The performed experiments show the influence of the activation threshold on the phase correction efficiency.


Eight experiments on acidic soils of the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales were carried out to measure lime effects on clover-based pastures and their response to fertilizer phosphate (P). Each experiment lasted 3 years. The seven soils deficient in P all responded to lime in the first year, and pasture yield responses were associated with lime-induced increases in isotopically exchangeable or soluble soil P or both. Three of these soils were also relatively high in soluble aluminium (Al) or manganese (Mn), and the lime-induced suppression of these toxic cations probably also contributed to the beneficial effects of lime. Negative effects of lime on fertilizer P response were more frequent than positive effects, and tended to occur on higher A1 soils. Lime eliminated the need for fertilizer P on at least three P-deficient soils during the 3 year period of the experiments, and this was also associated with increases in availability and uptake of soil P. Lime suppressed P sorptivity in all soils, but this caused an increase in fertilizer P effectiveness in only two soils (in the first year). Hence, the positive effect of lime on soluble soil P, which occurred on all soils and which would tend to lower fertilizer P effectiveness, seemed to be dominant over its negative effect on soil P sorptivity. Residual effects of lime and fertilizer P were similar, both declining after the first year, with five soils still responsive in the third year.


This article examines assessment and counseling techniques that correspond to the sociocultural framework of Mexican American seniors. Acculturation, familial, and adaptation themes are delineated for ensuring appropriate interventions. Case vignettes elucidate these perspectives.


Opening a new Restaurant has been a challenge especially in current times due to tough competition and variety of choices for a consumer. Thus, Rating of a restaurant becomes an important parameter for judging the quality of a Restaurant. A good rating acts as an invitation for new customers. And every new business wishes to know if it will succeed in future or not. The purpose of this paper is to provide validation for new Restaurants about their predicted Ratings. By inputting various factors that are characteristics of a planned Restaurant, one is able to predict the average Ratings and if necessary, provide a comparison between various options of a particular characteristic of the Restaurant. It can also help one in making the right choices before the action of opening a new Restaurant is implemented. Thereby securing them against investment losses, saving time and making the whole process a well thought out calculated risk. Seven different types of regression models are used to make the predictions by considering factors that can be easily controlled before setting up a new restaurant and finally model metrics are compared to choose the best regression model for future prediction.


Long short-term memory networks (LSTM) offer precision in the prediction that has never been seen before in ungauged basins. Using k-fold validation, we trained and evaluated several LSTMs in this study on 531 basins from the CAMELS data set. This allowed us to make predictions in basins for which we did not have any training data. The implication is that there is usually sufficient information in available catchment attributes data about similarities and differences between catchment-level rainfall-runoff behaviors to generate out-of-sample simulations that are generally more accurate than current models when operating under ideal (i.e., calibrated) conditions, i.e., when using under idealized conditions. In other words, existing models are generally less accurate when working under idealized conditions than out-of-sample simulations. We found evidence that including physical limits in LSTM models improves simulations, which we believe should be the primary focus of future research on physics-guided artificial intelligence. Putting in place additional physical constraints on the LSTM models.


Background: Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element and is a potent antioxidant that is involved in the activity of several enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Selenium metabolism is associated with the biology of heart and its functions, and selenium deficiency is associated with cardiovascular pathology. Several studies indicate a relationship between selenium and cardiovascular disease. Objectives: The aim of this study was the investigation of the role of selenium in cardiovascular disease. Methods: We searched the ISI, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for studies that evaluated the association between selenium levels and cardiovascular health and cardiovascular disease. At first, the studies containing the words "selenium ", "cardiovascular disease", "selenium supplementation", "levels of selenium" and "hypertension" were selected. We searched papers using 'selenium_, 'selenium supplementation_, 'selenium deficiency_and, 'Se_in combination with 'cardiovascular disease_, 'hypertension_', 'heart disease_', 'heart failure_' as keywords. Results: 17 articles (6 randomized clinical trials and 11 observational studies) were eligible to be included in the current review. Some clinical trials have shown that selenium supplementation could reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease including lipid profiles and inflammatory markers. Observational studies showed that low selenium concentrations are a risk factor of cardiovascular disease however, this is not definitive. But the presence of normal levels of selenium is essential for antioxidant defense. Conclusion: More clinical trial studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm that selenium is effective in preventing and treatment of cardiovascular disease.


Explore the LEGO City. There's a fire in LEGO City. The fire-fighters are in their fire truck and on their way. With their tall ladder and the very best equipment they'll save the day!


The level scheme of 147Tb has been extended up to 13.8 MeV excitation energy and spin I=67/2 using the 120Sn(31P,4n) reaction. Evidence for a new octupole band built upon an excited multi-particle-hole state has been found. The high spin levels are interpreted in the framework of DIPM model and presents an evolution towards sizeable oblate shape at the highest spins.


History and Ambiguity: Graham Greene's The Third Man And The Quiet American In Print and On Screen by Valentina Reshetova In this master's thesis, I shall examine Graham Greene's place in criticism of the British novel by focusing on The Third Man and The Quiet American. In terms of theoretical approach, I shall focus on a close, critical reading of the texts employing elements of cultural, historical, psychological, and genre criticism. With the films, I shall focus on lighting and shot formation along with the abilities of the directors and actors. These works have not been studied jointly before as literature or as film or as a combination thereof. Nevertheless, such study proves worthwhile. My thesis is also the first lengthy comparison of the two film versions of The Quiet American. Given that Phillip Noyce's 2002 film is so new, little lengthy criticism exists. Even though Joseph Mankiewicz's 1957 film has been available for over forty years, no serious scholarship exists on it. My thesis will fill this critical lacuna.


It is generally believed that research and development on green technology are difficult, but this paper finds that the gap in green technological progress between the central and western regions and the eastern region in China is significantly smaller than the gap in technological progress, and the per capita green GDP of the central and western regions caught up with the eastern region significantly faster than the per capita GDP. This paper proposes that the comparative advantage of human capital level in the central and western regions is the reason why these regions choose the direction of green technological progress, and the choice of the direction of green technological progress in the central and western regions may further bring about the backwardness advantages of green development in these regions. Through the system generalized method of moments (sys-GMM) estimation, empirical research using panel data from 29 provinces as well as the regional panel data in the mainland of China from 1995 to 2017 proved the above proposition. Specifically, due to the comparative advantages of human capital level, the central and western regions have chosen the direction of green technological progress; further, the central and western regions will obtain greater benefits of green GDP growth from the green technological progress, that is, the green technological progress enables these regions' backwardness to take advantage from green development. This is a useful supplement to the theory of sustainable development and the theory of backwardness advantage.


The ancient Greeks saw the universe as a well-ordered system called the cosmos. Current scientific research seeks the cosmos in terms of a final theory, which remains in progress. By applying Einstein's principle theory, we developed the success/failure system hypothesis (success/failure system) and recently made it available in the literature. Herein, we consider the cosmos subsequent to the existence of this hypothesis. After a brief introduction, we focus on two themes: the success/failure system principle and a final theory of our universe. A key message is that the success/failure system principle is a new universal biological principle identified in the twenty-first century, and the success/failure system hypothesis may need to be incorporated into a final theory of the life-laden universe.


The Murchison greenstone belt is of Archaean age, and occurs within the Kaapvaal Craton of South Africa. The greenstone sequence consists of high-magnesia basalts, overlain by tholeiitic basalts, and, on the northern flank of the Belt, rhyolitic tuffs and lavas form the top of the volcanic pile. All units are overlain by clastic sediments. The entire sequence is intruded by numerous, large, sills of tholeiitic composition; and a large gabbroic complex occupies the base of the rhyolite pile. Collapse and deformation of the sequence produced a tight syncline with a subhorizontal fold axis and vertical axial plane. Low Grade metamorphism accompanied the folding, with temperatures in the range 450-480o and a pressure of about 5.6kbar. Plutons of tonalitic magma were emplaced along the margins of the Belt. Subsequent cooling of these superimposed a thermal metamorphism onto the existing fabric. Massive copper-zinc sulphide deposits were formed immediately following the ryolitic volcanism. Two main, and three minor, deposits were studied in the central part of the Murchison Belt. At the larger deposit, the massive sulphide body is underlain by altered tuff. This alteration comprises an inner core of chlorite with pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite, and an outer, ill-defined sericitic zone containing pyrite and sphalerite. Bulk chemical analyses show an increase in total iron, and decrease in A1(_2)O(_3) and K(_2)O towards the core of the alteration zone. The massive sulphides form a stratiform lens of sphalerite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. Relict, original textures suggest formation as unconsolidated sulphidic sediments on the sea-floor. The lower sulphide horizons were originally rich in chalcopyrite and silica, with only minor sphalerite. As the sulphides accumulated, sphalerite replaced the silica. The upper sulphide horizons show no such replacement, and are generally rich in sphalerite. The other main deposit is similar, but has no underlying alteration zone, A model is presented to account for these, and other, copper-zinc deposits in the Murchison Belt. Following rhyolitic volcanism, sea-water percolated through the underlying rocks, became heated, and set up a system of circulating, hot brines, capable of leaching metals from the rocks. Discharge along pre-existing fractures, precipitated sulphides at the rock/sea-water interface. Initial solutions were hot, with a high Cu/Zn ratio, whilst later, cooler solutions were zinc rich, and deficient in copper.


Several sufficient conditions are presented which guarantee that an autonomous nonlinear reciprocal network having multiple equilibrium states is completely stable in the sense that every trajectory of the network tends to an equilibrium state and hence no oscillation of other exotic mode of spurious behaviour can occur. Stability criteria are derived with the help of the concept of the generalized inverse of a maxtrix for both complete and noncomplete networks. The results on noncomplete networks depend crucially on the introduction of a pseudopotential function called pseudo-hybrid content and on the imposition of a local solvability condition. Most of the hypotheses are algorithmic in the sense that either explicit bounds are provided for computation purposes, or equivalent topological tests are given for checking the nonquantitative conditions.

Most results presented are applicable to networks containing multiport and multi-terminal elements which are represented by coupled two-terminal elements. Examples are given which demonstrate that some of our results on complete stability are the best possible that can be obtained for the class of networks under consideration.


. Based on a study of the instanton homology groups /, of splicings and connected sums, a simple algorithm is obtained for computing /* for Seifert spheres.


A two series of quinazolinone derived Schiff base derivatives 7-28 were synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectoscopical methods. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of these compounds were evaluated and compared with antibacterial and antifungal standards chloroamphinicol and bavistin respectively. The most of the analogues shows good antimicrobial agents. Preliminary structure-activity relationship revealed that the compounds containing electron donating moiety (OH, OCH3) were found to be good antimicrobial activity where as compounds containing electron withdrawing moiety (Cl, NO2) were found to be least activity. Conclusion: Compounds containing electron donating moiety (OH, OCH3) were found to be good antimicrobial activity where as compounds containing electron withdrawing moiety (Cl, NO2) were found to be least activity.


The deaf population is not currently receiving adequate optometric care. In part, this is a result of the deaf patient's isolation from the health care system due to an inability to ctcce~s the practitioner. An increased utilization of Telecommunication Devices for the Deaf (TDD's) by the private practitioner would largely alleviate this situation. Once in the health care system, the deaf patient often does not receive the ~ame standard of care given a hearing patient. The quality of care can be improved if the practitioner has a better understanding of the etiology of deafness and the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of communication available in the exam setting. While a professional interpreter will usually be the method of choice, individual circumstances will dictate which method is best for a particular patient. As a member of a primary health care profession, an optometrist has an obligation to administer to the visual needs of the society in which he/she lives. This is reflected in the Hippocratic Oath taken by physicians, and by the statement of purpose put out by the American Optometric Association_ :t .• ::; ~ Par.t of society, however, has largely been ignored by the optometric comrnunity. Vision represents the key sense remaining in deaf people: their bridge to the world. It is vital that it be assessed thoroughly.::;, This segment of the population, due to the na tu:re of their t_;ituation, has always had difficulty obtaining equal opportunity with the rest of society. 4 Ironically, it is this group that can least afford vision difficulties. As optometrists, we should be especially aware of the needs of this group of patients. Thorough, comprehensive care is critical to their well belng. Two of the major issues within the optometric cormnunily at this time, therapeutic drug legislation and containment of commercialism, are both concerned with the quality of patient care. Some of this concern for quality patient care needs to be directed towards the deaf population. The deaf community simply does not have adequate access to optometric services.~ Reasons for tbis inadequacy range from misunderstandings about "deaf patients" to lack of understanding of the etiology of deafness and deaf culture. both as actively time to present!:>. The optometric community needs to address this problem, individuals and as a profession. It is not difficult to serve the deaf community, provided one takes a little learn about the unique characteristics that this group


Aquatic biodiversity is being lost at an unprecedented rate. One factor driving this loss is increased turbidity, an en- vironmental stressor that can impose behavioral, morphological, and/or physiological costs on fishes. Here we describe the be- havioral response of a widespread African cichlid, Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae, to turbidity. We used a split-brood rearing design to test if F1 offspring reared in turbid water, originating from river (turbid) and swamp (clear) populations, behave differently than full-sibs reared in clear water. We examined two facets of behavior: (1) behaviors of fish in full sib groups, in- cluding activity level and social dynamics collected during the rearing period; and (2) male aggressive behavior directed at poten- tial male competitors after fish had reached maturity; this was done in an experimental set-up independent of the rearing aquaria. Regardless of population of origin, fish reared in turbid water were marginally less active and performed fewer social behaviors than those reared in clear water. On the other hand, when tested against a competitor in turbid water, males performed more ag- gressive behaviors, regardless of population of origin or rearing environment. Our results suggest a plastic behavioral response to turbidity that may allow P. multicolor to persist over a range of turbidity levels in nature by decreasing activity and general social behaviors and intensifying reproductive behaviors to ensure reproductive success (Current Zoology 58 (1): 146-157, 2012).


Introduction. The philosophy of historiography 1. Consensus and historiographic knowledge 2. The history of knowledge of history 3. The theory of scientific historiography 4. Historiographic opinion 5. Historiographic explanation 6. The limits of historiographic knowledge Conclusion. Historiography and history.


The introduction of the western concept of gender,especially Joan Scott's conception of history from a gender perspective,encouraged the opening of new areas for research on Japanese women's history.This research has grown rapidly and produced works on "sex,body and reproduction" "pre-contemporary family history" and "contemporary family history".These research products have nearly been developed with the application of gender.


In this article he explores the issue of Thomas More's enduring appeal. Besides identifying a whole range of interests associated with More, Schulte Herbruggen's focuses on the manner of More's death and he examines the nature of More's martyrdom in terms of a prophetic witness against tyranny. A witness that continues to possess resonance for all times and locations in which tyrannies are manifested.


A turbulent nonpremixed flame of H2/CO-air stabilized on a bluff-body is simulated by the conditional moment closure (CMC) model. Full spatial variation of the conditional quantities is taken into account for an elliptic recirculating flow field. Comparison has shown reasonable agreement for the conditional and Favre mean temperature and mass fractions of CO and H20 between calculation and experiment. Overprediction of the peak OH mass fraction is attributed to inaccurate modelling of the conditional scalar dissipation rate. The CMC model is capable of predicting major features of a turbulent diffusion flame characterized by finite chemical reaction rates.


If the specific angular momentum of accretion gas at large radius is small compared to the local Keplerian value, one usually believes that there exists a 'circularization radius' beyond which the angular momentum of accretion flow is almost a constant while within which a disc is formed and the angular momentum roughly follows the Keplerian distribution. In this paper, we perform numerical simulations to study whether the picture above is correct in the context of hot accretion flow. We find that for a steady accretion flow, the 'circularization radius' does not exist and the angular momentum profile will be smooth throughout the flow. However, for transient accretion systems, such as the tidal disruption of a star by a black hole, a 'turning point' should exist in the radial profile of the angular momentum, which is conceptually similar to the 'circularization radius'. At this radius, the viscous time-scale equals the lifetime of the accretion event. The specific angular momentum is close to Keplerian within this radius, while beyond this radius the angular momentum is roughly constant.


The maintenance of the road network in Brazilian municipalities is commonly carried out through emergency repairs and resurfacing, whose effectiveness is questionable. The decision-making process can be improved by implementing and continuously using an Urban Pavement Management System - UPMS. This research aims to analyze the influence of the pavement condition data acquisition method on the estimation of maintenance and rehabilitation costs. Assessments were carried out by walking, considered as a reference by the main road agencies, and by filming with a camera fixed to the outside area of a car. In both cases, the same form was filled out. The study site was the municipality of Valparaíso de Goiás, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Using the video-registration method, the budgetary need for the 78 evaluated segments of pavement was R$2,270,569.60, and through walking surveys, it was R$2,767,870.40, 21% more, demonstrating the impact of the walking survey method on the estimation of M&R costs.


A decrease in osmotic potential in response to water stress is a well-known mechanism by which many plants can cope with drought conditions. Most organisms increase the cellular concentration of osmotically active compounds, termed "compatible solutes," under desiccation by drought or lowering of osmotic potential (Bohnert and Shen, 1999). Because of this function they are often called osmolytes. Compatible solutes may have other functions as well, namely in protection of enzyme activity and membrane structure and in scavenging of radical oxygen species (Bohnert and Shen, 1999). All known osmolytes are amino acids and their derivatives, polyols, soluble sugar and ions (Yancey, 2001), whose responses can be stress-specific (Chen et al., 2005) Leaf rolling is a dehydration avoidance mechanism in some plants under drought stress. Leaf rolling is not the only response to water deficit stress for plants; some biochemical changes in the leaves may also occur together with leaf rolling (Kadioglu and Terzi, 2007). One of these changes occurs in the levels of osmolytes such as proline and sugar. Proline and soluble sugar are important solutes for adaptation to low water potential with leaf rolling (Kadioglu and Turgut, 1999). Hsiao et al. (1984) found that tissue viability was maintained because osmotic adjustment delayed the beginning of leaf rolling and leaf drying. The apoplast is the first plant compartment encountering environmental signals (Gao et al., 2004). It is involved not only in the response to stress but also in the perception and transduction of various environmental signals in cooperation with the plasma membrane (Hoson, 1998). The apoplast also contributes to plant development (Almeida and Huber, 1999). Apoplastic pH exerts a strong influence on turgor and wall loosening, possibly via control of hydrolytic reactions and intermolecular interactions between structural carbohydrates and proteins (Rayle and Cleland, 1992). In tomato, inorganic ions K+, Na+ and Ca2+ accounted for the osmolarity of the apoplastic fluid (Almeida and Huber, 1999). Ctenanthe setosa Eichl. (Marantaceae) is a tropical herbaceous perennial plant cultivated as a greenhouse ornamental and houseplant for its attractive foliage. It prefers semishade and rolls its


history. There had been two principal classes before the fall of Jerusalem. The first included those who had been honestly sincere in their devotion to the national God, Jehovah. These had been faithful to him under circumstances of the most trying character. They had seen ruin staring them in the face; they had realized that this must in some way be occasioned, or at least permitted, by their God; and yet their faith in him had not diminished. Jeremiah was the leader of the faithful few, and his disciples had stood firmly and consistently with him through the great catastrophe. These were they whose eyes had been opened to the fact that new methods were being employed by Jehovah, and that the development of the nation in the future was to lie along a line very different from that of its past history. The second class included, perhaps, several groups. Of these one group was made up of those who were utterly indifferent to all religious matters; another, of those who had openly and avowedly served other gods; still another, of those who had secretly devoted themselves to the worship of other gods, although, ostensibly, they were still adherents of Jehovah; and then there was a fourth group, made up of those who pretended to entertain a profound faith in Jehovah, the God of the nation. They believed, or pretended to believe, that no catastrophe was to be expected, because Jehovah in past years had made promises to his people which he would unquestionably keep-promises with reference to the future of Jerusalem and the position of the chosen people among other nations. And besides, had he not in


The invention discloses an electronic label positioning method and an electronic label positioning device. The electronic label positioning method includes the following steps: a positioning device takes two label reader-writers randomly from N label reader-writers in a predetermined area range as a combination, thereby obtaining C combinations, initial free coordinates of a target electronic label are determined through a circle center line positioning method, an error circle is determined according to the initial free coordinates of the target electronic label, target reference electronic labels are searched in an area covered by the error circle, an area with the most target reference electronic labels is determined as the area where the target electronic label is, thereby realizing positioning of a specific position of the target electronic label, and in addition, and after smoothing is performed on distance information of the target electronic label fed back by the N label reader-writers in a predetermined period of time, instantaneous signal distance of the target electronic label relative to the N label reader-writers is determined, thereby effectively improving positioning accuracy of the electronic label.


The cytoplasmic fraction of tissue homogenates obtained after high-speed centrifugation contains a special type of ribonucleic acid (RNA) of low molecular weight distinct from microsomal RNA.1-3 In addition, this cell fraction also contains the enzyme or enzymes associated with the addition of specific nucleotides to the chain of this RNA.4-6 Studies in this area have shown that the terminal nucleotide sequence being synthesized (FIGURE 1) appears to be adenylic acid-cytidylic acid-cytidylic acid, which is attached to the KNA chain.4* This information was derived (FIGURE 2) as follow^.^ Doubly labeled adenosine triphosphate, that is, ATP labeled with C14 in the purine ring, as well as with P32 in the phosphate unit proximal to the ribose chain, was incubated with the enzyme system under study. At the end of the incubation, the KNA was isolated and hydrolyzed with alkali. Alkali acts on the sites indicated in FIGURE 2 yielding radioactive adenosine and P32-labeled cytidylic acid. These results indicate that the labeled adenylic acid was terminal in the nucleotide sequence and that it was attached to a cytidylic acid residue. Analogous cxperiments performed with C14-cytidylic acid, in the absence of ATP, have shown that the antepenultimate nucleotide is cytidylic acid.5 The reaction associated with the attachment of the terminal adenylic acid to the cytidylic acid of the RNA involves ATP as the direct precursor, with the consequent liberation of pyrophosphate (FIGURE 2). The basis for this statement is as follows: with ATP as precursor, pyrophosphate is formed during the reaction; furthermore, the reaction can be completely inhibited by the addition of exogenous pyrophosphate, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) will not replace ATP.5f 7 v Analogous evidence indicates that cytidine triphosphate is the precursor for the incorporation of cytidylic The RNAs whose synthesis has been thus completed appear to be used for a specific biological purpose. Current thought on the biological significance of these KNA molecules is that they act as carriers of amino acids in the processes of protein synthesis.', 9-14 In other words, an amino acid is attached to the 2' or the 3' position of the ribose of the terminal adenylic acidI5 to form an "amino acid-nucleic acid" compound (FIGURE 3) ; this has been postulated to act as a carrier of the amino acid from the cytoplasm to the microsomes. In the microsomes, the amino acid is then incorporated into the microsomal protein. This very fascinating hypothesis cannot be unreservedly accepted as yet, because i t is difficult to dissociate this reaction from a similar nonenzymatic reaction that also Proof of the scheme must wait until such "amino acid-nucleic acid" compounds can be shown to incorporate their amino acids in defined patterns into proteins of known amino acid sequence. Although the various reactions described above have been found to occur l7


We give an estimate oi the Levy-Prokhorov distance between the law of an arbitrary semimartingaie and the law of a process with independent increments. This estimate allows to recover the "most general" criterion of weak convergence of semimartingales to processes with independent increments without fixed times of discontinuity, in terms of their characteristics. It also provides criteria for uniform convergence for a sequence of semimartingales depending on a parameter


Three‐dimensional echocardiography has required motorized external scanning devices that move a standard echo transducer to obtain data sets before reconstruction. These transducer holders are susceptible to axis alignment errors and transducer movement. The use of a three‐dimensional workstation makes acquisition cumbersome. An internally rotating 5‐MHz "omniplane" transthoracic transducer, specifically designed for three‐dimensional echocardiography, and an integrated three‐dimensional acquisition software package that allows single machine acquisitions were validated in 50 pediatric patients. Children were 1 day to 16 years old and had 22 different cardiac pathological conditions imaged. Ninety‐eight of the 104 (94%) data sets collected were successfully reconstructed in three dimensions. Acquisitions took 3–6 minutes depending on the increment of internal rotation. Minimum total study time to set up and complete the acquisition was 12 minutes. The new probe and software makes three‐dimensional acquisitions and reconstructions of consistently high quality, rapid, reliable, and user friendly.


In this paper, we consider three different models of dark energy in higher dimensional space-time and discuss about some cosmological parameters numerically. The first model is a single component universe including viscous varying modified Chaplygin gas. In the second model, we consider two-component universe including viscous varying modified Chaplygin gas and ghost dark energy. In the third model, we consider another two-component universe including viscous modified cosmic Chaplygin gas and ghost dark energy. In the cases of two-component fluids we also consider possibility of interaction between components.


The present paper analyses the relationship between farm size and technical efficiency of Indian agricultural sector based on primary data from the Ballavpur village of West Midnapore district in West Bengal for the period 2017-2018. The analysis concludes that the output efficiency increases with the increase in farm size. The major factor behind the variation in output efficiency is the area under irrigation. Also, farmers' literacy rate may raise the efficiency level of their farms. Besides this, if a farmer wants to increase the efficiency level then the cost of transportation and the rent paid must have to be decreased. There is also a scope of improvement in the efficiency level for all categories of farmers by the improvement in the irrigation facility.


With the development of edge computing and sharing economy, more services and contents are decentralized to the edge of the network. At present, most existing studies combine the content caching with service offloading mechanisms from the perspective of edge services to optimize network performance. However, few studies focus on what strategies the content providers (CPs) can implement to maximize their utilities. In order to motivate content providers to be more willing to share their contents, it is necessary to study the incentive mechanisms in the edge content market so that content audiences (CAs) can pay reasonable prices for high-quality contents. In this article, we first characterize the content supply and demand model, the CPs' cost and utilities in edge content market by considering both the time sensitivity of edge content and the heterogeneity of CAs. Furthermore, according to the edge content market environment characteristics, we divide the edge content market into a monopoly environment, where the content is only provided by a certain CP, and an open environment, where content services are provided by multiple CPs. In the monopoly environment, we establish a two-stage Stackelberg game to design the incentive mechanism. In the open environment, also we formulate the competitive behavior among CPs as a stochastic game. Since the CPs are not aware of each other's strategies and environmental uncertainty, the reinforcement learning-based algorithm (RLIMO) is used to derive the pricing strategy of CP. Finally, numerical results show that the proposed incentive mechanisms are reliable and effective.


The velocities of the slurry particles in the impeller of a centrifugal slurry pump were obtained utilizing Particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique in conjunction with refractive index matching. Tests were performed in an optically clear centrifugal slurry pump at speeds of 725 rpm and 1000 rpm using a slurry made up of sodium iodide solution as a working fluid and glass beads (500μm mean diameter) as solid particles at volumetric concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%. In the intra blade region of the impeller, the highest particle velocities were obtained in the suction side of the blade and in the blade trailing edge region as the blade sweeps through and velocity magnitude increases with the increase in the pump speed. But this magnitude was less than that of circumferential velocity of the blade tip. The average particle velocities were obtained and it was found that the average particle velocity decreases with increase in concentration. The fluctuating component of particle velocity, which is related to the fluctuation kinetic energy were obtained. With the increase in the particle volumetric concentration, fluctuation kinetic energy decreases and the maximum fluctuation kinetic energy typically occurs on the suction side of the blade. The slurry particles are pushed on the pressure side of the blade and slide on it which can result in frictional wear. These results are discussed in this paper.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


A method for the determination of micro amount of Co in serum of cancer patients by GFAAS has been established. The effect of protein in serum was eliminated by adding (1+1) HNO3. The blood serum was determined directly by adding Triton X-100 and NH4VO3 as matrix modifier. The method is handy and fast. The rate of recovery is 97.60-102.21% with RSD < 7.21.


This study discusses a design method for system identification using multilayer hypercomplex–valued neural networks, such as complex, hyperbolic, bicomplex and quaternion neural networks, and investigates its characteristics. The direct transfer function identifier, which employs a multilayer hypercomplex–valued neural network, is used to estimate the output of the target system. A computational experiment involving estimation of a discrete–time dynamic plant is conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the hypercomplex–valued neural network–based direct transfer function identifier. As a practical application of dynamic system identification, the direct transfer function identifier is used to estimate historical foreign exchange data and motion data of Taijiquan in addition to investigating its characteristics. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed direct transfer function identifier.


A process for the production of particular structural or chassis components (14) for a vehicle by hot forming, wherein a sheet metal blank (10) in a heating station (1) is heated at least in a first region (19) from a starting temperature to a target temperature, wherein the sheet metal blank (10) relative to the heating station (1) is stationary within the heating station (1) heated to the target temperature and the heating station (1) at least a burner zone (2, 3) with at least one burner (4), in which the sheet metal blank (10 ) is heated in at least a first region (19) from the initial temperature to the target temperature, wherein at least a burner (4) (with a fuel gas a) and an oxygen-containing gas (B) is operated, and the sheet metal blank (10) in direct contact with the burner flame (5) is, wherein the heating to the target temperature in the heating station via the nozzle orientation and / or the distance of the combustor rduse after which the sheet metal blank (10) in a continuous furnace (17) is transported and homogenized, and then the hot sheet metal blank (10) is transferred into a cooled compression mold (18) and formed therein, and press-cured is affected to the sheet metal blank.


Public administration as an academic discipline provides nonprofit students with a foundation of public values essential to the preparation of capable public servants. The faculty in the Department of Public Administration at University of North Texas have been supportive of the department's new undergraduate Nonprofit Leadership Studies degree and bring with them a blend of academic backgrounds and interdisciplinary and intersectoral perspectives to our approach to a nonprofit education. Our relatively new nonprofit degree is built on four overarching values: passion, participation, professionalism, and performance. Our use of the 4-P approach adopts the instrumental and the expressive assumptions from Frumkin's (2002) framework to construct our own framework for designing and critiquing our curriculum in the Nonprofit Leadership Studies degree. Students learn that nonprofits are important collaborators with government, the private sector, and with the community as they seek out innovative solutions to complex social issues. This reflection essay presents a class case study example to highlight the academic disciplines that inform effective student learning.


Urine samples from 100 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers were examined for HBV DNA by a simple spot hybridization technique. The results showed that the positivity rate of HBV DNA of urine collected from HBsAg carriers with negative HBeAg was 6.5% where as that from HBsAg carriers with positive HBeAg were 21.1%. The above results suggested that presence of HBV in urine may be of important epidemiological significance in the contact transmission of Hepatitis B.


RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is a highly efficient enzyme specialized to synthesize most of the ribosomal RNA. After nucleosome deposition at each round of replication the Pol I transcription machinery has to deal with nucleosomal barriers. It was suggested that Pol I-associated factors facilitate chromatin transcription, but it is not known whether Pol I has an intrinsic capacity to transcribe through nucleosomes. Here we used in vitro transcription assays to study purified Pol I of the yeast S. cerevisiae and Pol I mutants in comparison to Pol II and Pol III to pass a nucleosome. Under identical conditions, purified Pol I and Pol III, but not Pol II, were able to transcribe nucleosomal templates. Pol I mutants lacking either the heterodimeric subunit Rpa34.5/Rpa49 or the C-terminal part of the specific subunit Rpa12.2 showed a lower processivity on naked DNA templates, which was even more reduced in the presence of a nucleosome. The contribution of Pol I specific subunit domains to efficient passage through nucleosomes in context with transcription rate and processivity is discussed.


For many years, CDA advocated for the creation of a Chief Dental Officer position in Canada. Health Canada's appointment of Dr. Peter Cooney to this role in 2004 has helped to raise awareness of oral health issues among Canadians. It has also enabled the federal government to coordinate its public education efforts and facilitate the collection of comprehensive oral health data. CDA continues to maintain a strong working relationship with the Office of the Chief Dental Officer, and this JCDA interview is intended to provide an update on the ongoing activities and initiatives of Dr. Cooney and the Office.


The Scalable Vector Graphics format SVG is already substantially improving graphics delivery on the web, but some important issues still remain to be addressed. In particular, SVG does not support client-side adaption of documents to different viewing conditions, such as varying screen sizes, style preferences or different device capabilities. Based on our earlier work we show how SVG can be extended with constraint-based specification of document layout to augment it with adaptive capabilities. The core of our proposal is to include one-way constraints into SVG, which offer more expressiveness than the previously suggested class of linear constraints and at the same time require substantially less computational effort.


This article from standard,models,knowledge,and dynamic,and many other aspects of information systems risk assessment methods for parsing and pointed out that the method for quantitative and qualitative analysis of their respective advantages and disadvantages,finally on the development of risk assessment method of trend views are given.


Since the late 1980s international aid for development has fallen while humanitarian assistance for emergencies has increased. This change of emphasis reflects the collapse of the USSR and consequent political instability in the former Soviet Union, its former satellites and client states. It also reflects donor disillusion with the failure of many development projects. Much humanitarian assistance is delivered in complex emergencies such as in Angola, Somalia, Rwanda, the Caucasus and former Yugoslavia. Almost without exception these emergencies relate directly to global, regional, national and local political instability created by the 'new international political order'. Many of the emergencies have roots in the colonial era and a deep history in cultural tensions loosely described as ethnic conflict. Many complex emergencies entail enormous violence, massacres of civilian populations, deliberate destruction of the means of production, ethnic cleansing, torture and rape, displacement of population, refugeedom, social and economic collapse, traumatisation and psycho‐social problems of whole populations and state collapse. Complex emergencies are dynamic, characterised by uncertainty and by rapid and unpredictable changes affecting all aspects of life.


Non-inflammatory alopecia can affect animals at any age, but it is necessary to rule out other skin diseases, endocrinopathies and neoplasms, and when diagnosed there is no definitive and standardized treatment, thus the objective is to try to repilate the patient with integrative therapy. Canine patient treated in the dermatology sector at a veterinary clinic in Espírito Santo, with alopecia, hypotrichosis and desquamation all over the body where it has black fur. As a treatment with EccoVet ® equipment, photobiomodulation was performed using red light at a power of 2 joules with follicular growth effect, and blue and green light with an action equal to red light, but adding the effect of shine and softness on the coat and skin hydration, being performed just one weekly session. As a result, the patient started to repilate soon after the first session and achieved total improvement after five sessions. It is concluded that photobiomodulation promotes follicular growth of alopecia in dogs, provided that the protocol indicated for each situation is chosen, in a fast, non-invasive and practical way.


Abstract : This Final Report provides a summary of work done under the ONR Transparent Urban Structures contract in the Base Year of the Transparent Urban Structures program by the team comprised of Natural Selection Inc, the U.S. Army Engineering Research and Development Center (ERDC), Textron Defense Systems and the anthropologist Liam Murphy. The effort was divided into 3 phases, and the programmatic and technical discussions will address each phase individually. The system being developed by the Textron team on the Transparent Urban Structures Program is comprise of a software framework infrastructure that integrates three key services and a simulation environment into a blended Service Oriented Architecture, Event Driven Architecture (SOA/EDA) software communications architecture. The base year effort is comprised of 3 phases of development with increasing functionality and interoperability of the system.


The recent trend in technology development is characterized as technology convergence, mainly between IT, BT and NT and also more and more industries are starting to use several technologies simultaneously or in a combined way theses days. As a result, the needs on technology interaction analysis is increasing for strategic technology management and policy-making. Responding to the needs, this research deals with technology innovation process in terms of technology competition, particularly focusing on the 17 new growth drivers in 3 areas, which has been announced by the Korean government as a new growth vision for Korean economy, and analyzing their co-evolutionary process. For the analysis, patent data, a representative data on technology innovation, is adopted. Then, Lotka-Volterra Competition model, a model frequently used to describe the dynamism of competitive innovation is applied to the data. The research results are expected to support strategic decision-makings such as effect policy-making or R&D priority-setting, by analyzing the relationship between the 3 areas, the 17 new growth drivers, or the particular technologies in the drivers.


We present the application of reflection interference contrast microscopy (RICM) (1) to map the optical density of supported bilayers and vesicles and (2) to image the contact profile of phospholipid vesicles at surfaces. The resolution in the surface profile is 0.2 $\mu$m laterally and 1 nm out of plane. The optical thickness of the membrane can be determined with 0.2 nm accuracy. We outline the theoretical basis of RICM and derive the interference intensities of adhering vesicles from first principles. An analytical expression for the decaying contrast of the intrference fringes is given. The contact contour of vesicles is determined for various substrates. We further demonstrate that deposition of a magnesium fluoride layer on the glass substrate enhances the contrast and allows the optical density of adsorbed membranes to be imaged. By contrast variation of the buffer solution, the layer thicknesses and the indices of refraction can be measured. The novel method was applied to image lipid domains of different chain lengths in a substrate supported monolayer.


A method and equipment for processing the information generated in mobile communication is disclosed. Said information includes the number of calling mobile telephone, the number of called mobile telephone, date and time of dialing, and the information input by caller, which are acquired by program controlled switch when called mobile telephone does not respond. Said information is sent to a terminal buffer, where the information is processed and converted to short message. Lately, the short message is sent to said called mobile telephone, raising up the successful rate of mobile communication.


Eyewear is provided including a frame, and a camera connected with the frame, in which the camera is configured to be controlled by a remote controller. The camera may be configured to capture video and/or a photo. The eyewear may include data storage, and the camera may be connected to the data storage. A wrist watch may be configured to act both as a time piece and a controller of the camera. The eyewear may also include a heads up display and/or a video file player. The eyewear may also include an electro-active lens.


In the 1860s -70s, the leader of militia regiment , Xu Xue-Gong, resisted the invasion of Rgubo, stood up to the invasion of Russia and intercepted the harassment of Bai Yanhu . He struggled for all his life to defend the territory of China. His feats were handed down among the folks.


Do you know what is happening at the moment in the Sudan? Do you know that the region of Darfur is currently undergoing what seems to be ethnic cleansing?


An all-terrain, mobile robot (called SURBOT-T) has been developed to perform remote visual, sound, and radiation surveillance within contaminated areas of nuclear power plants. The robot can be equipped with a two-armed, telerobotic manipulator system to perform remote maintenance work. The SURBOT-T vehicle has a double-articulating track base that is capable of climbing 45-deg slopes and stairs and over 16-in.-high obstacles. The overall size of SURBOT-T is 28 in. wide by 38 in. long with the front and rear tracks raised and 52 in. high with the camera lowered. With the tracks in a level position, the base provides a sturdy work platform and can ascend/descend stairs without fear of tipping over. The track can be pivoted straight down to elevate the base 14 in. and pass through water up to 24 in. deep. All motors, amplifiers, computer boards, and other electronic components are contained within a sealed housing. The color television camera, spotlight, and directional microphone are mounted on a pan/tilt, which is attached to an elevating mechanism that has 8 ft of vertical travel. An air sampler, radiation detector, and temperature/humidity probe are mounted on the vehicle. The slave manipulator arms on the vehicle can be teleoperated usingmore » master arms that are attached to a portable stand near the control console. They can also be taught to perform motions or tasks by computer control much like robot arms in the automated manufacturing industry.« less


This qualitative study examines the perspectives of representatives of US Medicare Advantage plans on how their organizations can enact programs to promote social determinants of health in light of expansions offered under the Creating High-Quality Results and Outcomes Necessary to Improve Chronic (CHRONIC) Care Act.


As an all-weather and all-day remote sensing image data source, SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images have been widely applied, and their registration accuracy has a direct impact on the downstream task effectiveness. The existing registration algorithms mainly focus on small sub-images, and there is a lack of available accurate matching methods for large-size images. This paper proposes a high-precision, rapid, large-size SAR image dense-matching method. The method mainly includes four steps: down-sampling image pre-registration, sub-image acquisition, dense matching, and the transformation solution. First, the ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF) operator and the GMS (Grid-based Motion Statistics) method are combined to perform rough matching in the semantically rich down-sampled image. In addition, according to the feature point pairs, a group of clustering centers and corresponding images are obtained. Subsequently, a deep learning method based on Transformers is used to register images under weak texture conditions. Finally, the global transformation relationship can be obtained through RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus). Compared with the SOTA algorithm, our method's correct matching point numbers are increased by more than 2.47 times, and the root mean squared error (RMSE) is reduced by more than 4.16%. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method is efficient and accurate, which provides a new idea for SAR image registration.


In the application of econometric model, the error distribution is unknown and is not easily to specify in the likelihood function. In some situations, there might exist a mixture distribution in the errors and thus the traditional estimation method would probably yield a biased result. In this study, this mixture distribution of the error term is taken into account and the generalized semiparametric estimation is presented and applied in regression model. We also use an experiment study and the real application analysis to check the performance of this estimator in regression model. The performance of this estimation is then compared with that of conventional Least Squares method in the real data analysis.


The concept of transparency can be applied to nearly every domain of human activity. In each of these diverse domains transparency is thought to provide the public with information in order to make reasoned judgements: be it information about who to vote for, who to employ, which medications to take, or which Non Governmental Organization to support. If people are sufficiently informed, the argument goes, they are able to hold political officials accountable, find more competent staff, and even punish mismanagement and corruption. As Bessire (2005) puts it, "transparency is strongly related to information – and information is power" (p. 429). This line of reasoning ignores the fact that the availability of information is not the only aspect of accountability. If the public does not know what is happening behind closed doors, it naturally has no incentive – and indeed no chance – to hold somebody accountable necessary. As well as having access to relevant information, people must have measures at their disposal to punish responsible actors.


A type of important inequality of exponents in the standard decomposition of maximal composite number is obtained. By means of such a type of inequality, some conjectures can be solved.


This article proposes a new type of variable-flux permanent magnet (PM) motor, named "open-delta flux-modulating consequent pole motor" (OFCM). The armature winding (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$W_{a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of the proposed OFCM is connected in an open delta, and it also serves as a field winding (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$W_{f}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) by simultaneously supplying it with three-phase armature current and dc field current. The flux linkage of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$W_{a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be adjusted by changing the field current. The flux-regulation capability and torque characteristics of the OFCM were investigated through finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments on a prototype machine. Using FEA, efficiency maps of the OFCM were also compared to those of a flux-modulating consequent pole motor (FCM) with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$W_{f}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The results show that the OFCM without <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$W_{f}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> has significantly higher efficiency and maximum torque than the FCM.


Tight gas sand reservoirs are formally defined by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) as reservoirs with less than 0.1 md permeability. Although this is a permeability-based definition, these reservoirs frequently also have very low porosities ( 15 000 ft (Oil and Gas Investor, 2005).


A novel framework of azide containing photo‐crosslinkable, conducting copolymer, that is, poly(azido‐styrene)‐random‐poly(triphenylamine) (X‐PTPA), is reported as a hole‐transporting material for efficient solution‐processed, multi‐layer, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). A facile and energy‐efficient crosslinking process is demonstrated with UV irradiation (254 nm, 2 mW/cm2) at a short exposure time (5 min). By careful design of X‐PTPA, in which 5 mol% of the photo‐crosslinkable poly(azido‐styrene) is copolymerized with hole‐transporting poly(triphenylamine) (X‐PTPA‐5), the adverse effect of the crosslinking of azide moieties is prevented to maximize the performances of X‐PTPA‐5. Since the photo‐crosslinking chemistry of azide molecules does not involve any photo‐initiators, superior hole‐transporting ability is achieved, producing efficient devices. To evaluate the performances of X‐PTPA‐5 as a hole‐transporting/electron‐blocking layer, Ir(ppy)3‐based, solution‐processable OLEDs are fabricated. The results show high EQE (11.8%), luminous efficiency (43.7 cd/A), and power efficiency (10.4 lm/W), which represent about twofold enhancement over the control device without X‐PTPA‐5 film. Furthermore, micro‐patterned OLEDs with the photo‐crosslinkable X‐PTPA‐5 can be fabricated through standard photolithography. The versatility of this approach is also demonstrated by introducing the same azide moiety into other hole‐transporting materials such as poly(carbazole) (X‐PBC).


The combination of the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) and the radial basis function (RBF) classifier is proposed to deal with classification for imbalanced two-class data. In order to enhance the significance of the small and specific region belonging to the positive class in the decision region, the SMOTE is applied to generate synthetic instances for the positive class to balance the training data set. Based on the over-sampled training data, the RBF classifier is constructed by applying the orthogonal forward selection procedure, in which the classifier structure and the parameters of RBF kernels are determined using a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the criterion of minimizing the leave-one-out misclassification rate. The experimental results on both simulated and real imbalanced data sets are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.


This paper considers the self-knowledge construction process proposed by Ernst Cassirer. The aim is to identify the tension between life and mind as the basic antithesis and their symbolic mediations (myth, language and science) as cultural resources which allow construction of a self-knowledge concept. Through a critical review of Philosophie der symbolischen Formen and An Essay on Man it will be established that, i) self-knowledge is a triadic project that integrates each previous phase, ii) which requires a functional research of the work and of human culture to iii) maintain a tension that distinguishes but without separating the agent as a living being and his self-awareness as a spiritual product.


Introduction: Comprehensive and reliable performance evaluation of organizations has always been one of the main concerns of stakeholders and managers of organizations. Performance evaluation can raise awareness of the progress made in improving the performance of any organizations, especially in the field of health, safety, and environment (HSE) and thus, create the necessary motivation and opportunity to improve the quality of HSE performance. National quality awards and excellence approaches emphasizes the fact that survival in global competition requires improving the performance of organizations on a global scale. The EFQM enterprise excellence model, as a comprehensive tool with a comprehensive approach to all aspects of organizations, helps managers to understand their organization well. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in Tehran Industrial Group in 2018, during which the performance of this industrial group in the design and construction of one of the dams in the south of the country was evaluated and analyzed. The data collection tool was a standard self-assessment questionnaire based on the EFQM enterprise excellence model, the validity and reliability of which was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient at 0.971. Results: In terms of "enablers" criteria, the leadership dimension, with a score of 76.36, obtained the best percentage of scores, while the processes criterion with a score of 72.04 had the lowest percentage of scores. This dimension, along with staff, resources, and partnership dimensions, needs to be improved. In the field of "results" criteria, the key performance results with 79.77 points had the best percentage and the customer result dimension with a score of 69.13 had the lowest, indicating that the organization should improve these sectors. Conclusion: The results indicated the suitable status of the organization in terms of the criteria of excellence model. The results of this model are generally used for systematic analysis of the organization in order to achieve a comprehensive view of the organization and its challenges.


Aims: To assess the right ventricular (RV) function in patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR); to find a relation between preoperative and postoperative parameters. Methods: RV function was echocardiographically assessed by determining the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and the peak systolic velocity of the lateral tricuspid annulus (Sa) in 45 patients with severe organic MR (53.3% men, age 58 ± 10 years). Mean NYHA class was 2.6 ± 0.4, LVEF was 55.3 ± 12%, RV end‐diastolic diameter was 28.7 ± 4.7, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter (LVESD) was 44.6 ± 12.6 mm, and LV end‐diastolic volume (Simpson) was 160.6 ± 50.3 ml. All patients underwent mitral valve replacement with posterior chordal sparing. Results: Mean preoperative TAPSE and Sa were 19.4 ± 4.3 mm and 10.3 ± 3 cm/sec, respectively. RV dysfunction, defined as TAPSE < 22 mm, had 66.6% of the patients, and Sa < 11 cm/sec was found in 62.2% of the patients preoperatively. Preoperative TAPSE and Sa were significantly correlated (P < 0.00001, r = 0.61). Both TAPSE and Sa were correlated with the RV end‐diastolic diameter (P < 0.01), LVESD (P < 0.05) left ventricular dp/dt (P < 0.05), and LVEF (P < 0.0001). Postoperative LVEF was 50% (P < 0.001), Sa 5.3 ± 2 cm/sec (P < 0.001), and TAPSE 8.7 ± 3.2mm (P < 0.001). Twenty‐one patients (46.6%) reached the study end point of decrease of LVEF by more than 10%. Univariate predictors were age (P = 0.04), male gender (P = 0.01), TAPSE (P = 0.007), and Sa (P = 0.009), while a trend was found for regurgitation fraction (P = 0.058) and LV end‐diastolic volume index (P = 0.09). By multivariate analysis, TAPSE (P = 0.01) and Sa (P = 0.01) were predictive for the study end point. Conclusion: The assessment of the RV function by echocardiography is a simple tool that provides prognostic information in patients with MR. (Echocardiography 2010;27:282‐285)


The boiling points of unbranched C8−C10 alkenes were determined by an ebulliometric method at the following pressures: 200, 300, 400 and 600 torr and at atmospheric pressure. The equipment used is described and the results obtained presented in tabular form. The constants of theAntoine equation and the normal boiling points were calculated.


As to the moral education in universities and college of the new century, we should examine initially its position and function in a strategical view, by useing the dialectics to grasp its relation with social phenomena and education. In particular, we should grasp its relation with xocial culture, human education, basic quality education and foreign moral education, only on basis of which can we probe into the characteristics of its modern implication, make clear its function, goal, content and form, thus promoting its modernization consciously.


The dynamic evolution process has resulted in the myriad shapes, functions, and systems evident in every living organism. For centuries, people have been harnessing the power of evolution to produce new varieties of plants and animals, such as producing tomatoes from berries and Chihuahuas from wolv...


Biomedical and health informatics (BMHI) is an evolving discipline that needs to accompany the progression of healthcare by constantly updating the curriculum of its workforce [1]. In developing countries, capacity building in BMHI can be used to address capacity shortfalls, by providing electronic information and training, especially in rural and underserved areas, with robust clinical data for informed decision making [2, 3]. In October 2008, the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Health and Medical Informatics Education Working Group (WG1) held a meeting entitled "Building Worldwide Capacity for the Health Informatics Workforce". The meeting was hosted by the Department of Medical Informatics at Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina. In addition to this event, the IMIA Latin American Countries (IMIA-LAC) organized the 3rd Latin American Meeting of Medical Informatics, the 2nd Argentinean Meeting of Medical Informatics, and the 2nd Argentinean Meeting of Nursing Informatics. As previous meetings organized by IMIA's WG1 that had addressed important issues related to BMHI education [4], the goals of the Buenos Aires meeting were to provide both an exposition for identifying and harmonizing competencies and curricula for health and biomedical infor matics as well as provide a working meeting for IMIA WG1. There were more than 50 attendees from around the world and more than 20 papers were presented. There were several keynote presentations: