ABSTRACT "Becoming Tender" invites readers to rethink intergenerational refugee relations. Rather than solely focusing on refugee parents and their failings, as commonly expressed in scholarly works, becoming tender necessitates children recognizing the perspectives and biases they bring into conversations with parents that impede empathetic connection and value for refugee knowledge. This two-way softening serves as a praxis to rewrite how refugee families have been represented by dominant discourse while also encouraging readers to answer the call to tend to their familial ties. Critical examination of intergenerational engagement between refugees and their children may illuminate unexpected enactments of refugee knowing and healing.


This paper seeks to explore the spaces created by practitioners of the Taiwanese-Chinese religious movement Yiguandao 一貫道 ("Way of Pervading Unity") in urban South Africa. Drawing on ethnographic data from fieldwork conducted in Johannesburg, Pretoria, and Cape Town in late 2017 as well as on published Yiguandao materials, this contribution analyses how these spaces are created, maintained, and charged with meaning. It investigates the uses of these spaces as well as how and why various actors engage in them. By proposing a preliminary typology that is based on the location, function, and mobility of these spaces, this contribution argues that Yiguandao religious spaces represent more intense arenas of transcultural interaction than most other – and predominantly economic – Chinese spaces in Africa.


The objective of this research is to find out the factors affect ing adoption of Internet banking in India. The data is based upon a survey of 150 bank customers using a convenience sampling technique with the aid of a structured self-adminis tered questionnaire. The research model was analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. The recommended procedures have been tested which is measurement model and structural model. Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Risk, Image, Results Demonstrability, Perceived Behavioral Control and Subjective Norm were influence intention to use Internet banking. However, Per ceived Ease of Use, Perceived Credibility and Computer Self Efficacy were not influence intention to use Internet banking. The findings of this study are expected to be of great use to the bank marketers. An understanding of the factors identi fied in this study allows bank managers to direct efforts and resources in the most effective and efficient way to increase bank business in the long run and encourage their bank customer's to adopt Internet banking. Moreover, this paper contributes to the empirical literature of diffusion of financial innovations, particularly Internet banking in a developing country, such as India.


A new testing method for hydrostatic piezoelectric constant, dh , was studied in this paper. This testing system consists of five parts, which are hydrostatic simulator, signal acquisition and processing circuits, data acquisition, serial communication interact circuit, data processing and display. Researched the method of signal acquisition for hydrostatic piezoelectric charge, designed the charge amplifier circuit, signal processing circuit as well as the data acquisition and serial communication interact circuit with microcomputer, programmed for the date acquisition and processing system software. The hydrostatic piezoelectric constant, dh , of piezoelectric ceramic samples were tested. The experimental results showed that this new testing method is available. The new testing system is characteristic of manipulation simply and low cost.


The 3.4 micron emission feature due to cometary organics was detected in Comets P/Brorsen-Metcalf and Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko (1989r). Features-to-continuum ratios in these two comets were higher than those expected from the trend seen in other comets to date. Three micron spectra of eight comets are reviewed. The 3.4 micron band flux is better correlated with the water production rate than with the dust production rate in this sample of comets. High feature-to-continuum ratios in P/Brorsen-Metcalf and Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko can be explained by the low dust-to-gas ratios of these two comets. The observations to date are consistent with cometary organics being present in all comets (even those for which no 3.4 micron feature was evident) at comparable abundances with respect to water. The emission mechanism and absolute abundance of the organics are not well determined; either gas-phase fluorescence or thermal emission from hot grains is consistent with the heliocentric distance dependence of the 3.4 micron band flux. There is an overall similarity in the spectral profiles of the 3.4 micron feature in comets; however, there are some potentially significant differences in the details of the spectra.


Polymers that can be used as release paints or release agents in LAB, which are provided in a VOC-free format and show excellent release even after aging under high humidity, the polymers being carbamate functional It includes mers that contain side chains that contain groups.


An extensive investigation of the changes of the local and mean heat-transfer coefficients along the pipe length, and some results.


The exchange of ideas and cultural influences between postcolonial countries of both Americas and the mother countries, has never been limited to one-sided imitation of European patterns. Since the 21th century or even since the colonial period, European theories rooted locally giving original fruits (i.e. magical realism, the Latin American version of world's primitivisme from the first half of the 20th century). Within the broadly defined transatlantic studies, the particular aim of this paper is to explore motives related to fascism and nazism present in the modern Spanish American prose (Roberto Bolano, Ignacio Padilla, Jorge Volpi). Firstly, I draw the cultural context in which racist and esoteric ideas of renewing the world infiltrated to Latin America. In the second part I analyse ways to adapt fascist plots in modern novels. Among them the predominating tendencies are to parody the totalitarian ideas or to see them as an incarnation of the intangible evil.


Objective To evaluate the role of PET/CT with FDG-18F in the detection of recurrence and metastasis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC) in patients with elevated levels of thyroglobulin(TG) and negative whole body scan(WBS) . Methods Fifteen DTC patients with high TG levels but negative dWBS underwent PET/CT scan. The diagnosis standard was based on histopathologic findings or clinical and imaging follow-up within 6 months. The sensitivity and positive value were obtained,and the preoperative and postoperative levels of TG were compared. Results For detecting the recurrence and metastasis of DTC,the sensitivity and positive predictive value(PPV) of PET/CT was 93.30% and 91.43%,respectively. The postoperative levels of TG descended obviously after preoperation. Conclusion PET/CT scan with 18F-FDG is an effective and non-invasive method in the detection of recurrence and metastasis of DTC with high TG levels but negative dWBS,making it a reliable guide for surgical planning.


Location awareness is one of the key functions to build an U-city. Recently, many of works for the location- aware systems are emerging to be applied to on-going large-scale apartment complex. For example, when dwellers or cars with active tags are move in the apartment complex, the active tags broadcast their own identifiers periodically and receivers such that routers use this information to calculate the location of the active tags. Since the active tags can actually move between routers and coordinators, it requires a hand-off mechanism. In this paper, we investigate the hand-off problem occurred in location awareness system based on ZigBee active tags. We propose and analyze a new approach for handling the hand-off problem. Through a mathematical analysis, we show that our approach diminishes the quantity of packet transfer than ZigBee"s approach.


Abstract:  Melatonin, considered as a main pineal product, may be also synthetized in the gastrointestinal tract from l‐tryptophan. Melatonin has been recently shown to affect insulin release and its receptors have been characterized in the pancreas however, the effects of melatonin on the pancreatic enzyme secretion have not been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin or l‐tryptophan on amylase secretion in vivo in anaesthetized rats with pancreato‐biliary fistulas, and in vitro using isolated pancreatic acini. Melatonin (1, 5 or 25 mg/kg) or l‐tryptophan (10, 50 or 250 mg/kg) given to the rats as a intraperitoneal (i.p.) bolus injection produced significant and dose‐dependent increases in pancreatic amylase secretion under basal conditions or following stimulation of enzyme secretion by diversion of bile‐pancreatic juice. This was accompanied by a dose‐dependent rise in melatonin plasma level. Stimulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion caused by melatonin or l‐tryptophan was completely abolished by vagotomy, deactivation of sensory nerves with capsaicin or pretreatment with CCK1 receptor antagonists (tarazepide or l‐364,718). Pretreatment with luzindole, an antagonist of melatonin MT2 receptor failed to affect melatonin‐ or l‐tryptophan‐induced amylase secretion. Administration of melatonin (1, 5 or 25 mg/kg i.p.) or l‐tryptophan (10, 50 or 250 mg/kg i.p.) to the rats resulted in the dose‐dependent increase of cholecystokinin (CCK) plasma immunoreactivity. Enzyme secretion from isolated pancreatic acini was not significantly affected by melatonin or l‐tryptophan used at doses of10−8–10−5 m. We conclude that exogenous melatonin, as well as that produced endogenously from l‐tryptophan, stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion in vivo while increasing CCK release. Stimulatory effect of melatonin or l‐tryptophan on the exocrine pancreas involves vagal sensory nerves and the CCK release by these substances.


To analyze the difference between the results of the examination of renal function before and after the onpump CABG (CABG) action compared to the off-pump CABG (OPCAB) action for 10 years. A crosssectional study using medical record evaluated the ureum, creatinine, and creatinine clearance between OPCAB and CABG. This was also followed by urea differences after the procedure of either CABG or OPCAB with a p-value of 0.049. There was no statistically significant difference at the time after the procedure, where the result of the p-value obtained was 0.187. When viewed from the median value, the creatinine value in the CABG group is 0.82 compared to the OPCAB group of 0.89. While the last variable assessed was CrCl, after the procedure, the value of p = 0.926 is obtained. However, when viewed at the median OPCAB value is 89 compared to CABG which is 86.81. Coronary artery bypass grafting procedures with either the on-pump or off-pump method only minimally affect kidney function. The different procedures also do not differ from each other against creatinine clearance and also serum creatinine. However, there are differences in urea levels.


The Oxford Centre for Mission Studies, study and resource centre for the International Fellowship of Evangelical Mission Theologians (INFEMIT)facilitates research on mission and ethics to fulfill requirements for master's and doctoral degrees through the Open University, the University of wales, the University of Leeds and the University of Utrecht, Holland. The full list of OCMS theses and abstracts can be accessed on the University of Utrecht, Holland. The full list of OCMS of theses and abstracts can be accessed on the OCMS website, ww.ocms.ac.uk


1. Frog and toad sartorius muscles were soaked in ferritin suspensions and then fixed and prepared for electron microscopy. Ferritin particles were counted in micrographs of regions where fibril striations were in good register, and the number of particles plotted according to position along the sarcomeres.


Modalities like optical, CT, MR, PET/SPECT and US are used separately, but can be combined. Multimodality imaging is necessary when the results of two (or more) modalities differ, and each does something useful but not everything that's required. We will consider several practical examples: residual or recurrent tumor after treatment, eloquent cortex in the brain when a lesion is nearby, drug effect in situ — especially for cytostatic agents, control of thermal ablation, vulnerable plaque, evaluation of gene therapy, and assessment of revascularization benefits depending on tissue viability. All of these scenarios can be detected in one modality, where another provides a morphologic reference useful for guiding therapy. Not only are imaging modalities synergistic, but their performance can be altered and utility extended using exogenous agents, such as contrast media, radiopharmaceuticals, and other targeted compounds with desirable in vivo biological and physical characteristics. Optimizing the combination of modalities, agents, data acquisition, image reconstruction, visualization and analysis can be challenging, but may provide unique capabilities that no single technique could offer. We will evaluate the state‐of‐the‐art for combining modalities in animals and show how this could translate to clinical practice, recognizing the impediments of cost, complexity, reliability, crosstalk, and safety/regulatory restrictions. The need and potential for multimodality techniques and systems already far exceeds what's currently available, so we can identify some unsolved problems where the benefits are not yet available. Educational Objectives 1. To understand the synergy between modalities (optical, CT, MR, PET/SPECT, US), contrast agents or tracer compounds, and post‐processing image analysis that provides multimodality and multidimensional capability. 2. To provide examples of how multimodality/multidimensional imaging can solve clinical problems in diseases of the brain, cardiovascular system, cancer, and for regenerative medicine. 3. To identify several unsolved problems where multimodality/multidimensional imaging may provide clinically useful solutions.


Cellular patterns of healing subcutaneous connective tissue were studied histologically in 22 pediatric surgical patients using the CELLSTIC device. This wound drain, specially developed for this purpose, consists of a standardized, viscose cellulose sponge inside a thin silicone rubber tube. When left between the wound edges. wound exudate flows through the drain, allowing its cells to attach themselves to the sponge surface. The sponge serves as a framework within which the cells may migrate, divide and transform. During the first 12 h the cellular pattern in the sponge resembles that of peripheral blood, whereafter the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, almost exclusively neutrophils, gradually increases. Later on, monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes invade. Fibro‐blasts were usually seen at the end of the third day postoperatively, but in some cases the first fibroblasts appeared even earlier. CELLSTIC neither disturbs normal wound healing nor increases the rate of wound infections. CELLSTIC, as a cell culture in situ, provides a practical way to study human connective tissue regeneration under both physiological and pathological conditions.


: Background: school students experience problems related to anger and low self-concept that negatively influence their academic and social development and have lasting effects on their well-being. Schools can play a pivotal role in promoting students' mental health and their social, emotional, and behavioural development. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention on anger and self-concept among preparatory school students. Design: A quasi-experimental design using non-equivalent group designs and pre-and post-tests were used. Setting: The study was carried out in Alzhraa governmental preparatory schools in Assiut. Sample : A stratified random sample consists of 60 preparatory students. The sample was partitioned into two groups, a study group and a control group (n = 20 students from each grade). Data collection tools : The student's personal data questionnaire, the Adolescent Anger Rating Scale (AARS), and the Beck Youth Self-Concept Inventory scale (BSCI-Y) were implemented. Results : The mean score of the anger scale obtained by the study group was significantly lower than that obtained by the control group in the post-test. Moreover, the mean score of the self-concept scale obtained by the study group was significantly higher than that obtained by the control group in the post-test. Conclusion : The study adds to the growing body of evidence pointing to the contribution of Mindfulness-based intervention efficacy in reducing anger and improve self -concept among preparatory school students. Recommendations: Replication of the study is essential to strengthens confidence in the intervention's effectiveness and ensure generalizability. Empowering the school health nurse to take the lead in implementing the mindfulness program to enhance students' mental well-being is strongly recommended.


The nosocomial infections, caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria, are the most important cause of mortality throughout the world. One important mechanism against beta-lactam antibiotics is the production of beta-lactamases. Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermentative bacteria, like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannniimayproduce these enzymes. Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent the infections caused by -lactamase-producing bacteria. Consequently, it is necessary to identify -lactamaseproducing bacteria by phenotypic and molecular methods


Aims. The capability of radio antenna arrays to measure cosmic ray air showers with very large zenith angles is explored. This is important, since a possible neutrino detection has to fulfill two requirements. First: antennas should be able to detect very inclined cosmic ray air showers, and second: it should be possible to estimate the distance to the shower maximum, since neutrinos are most likely to travel far through the Earth's atmosphere without interaction and induce air showers close to the ground. Methods. LOPES (LOFAR PrototypE Station; LOFAR – LOw Frequency ARray), an array of dipole antennas, is used for the detection of inclined cosmic ray air showers. LOPES is co-located and triggered by the KASCADE (KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector) experiment, which also provides information on air shower properties such as electron and muon numbers on the ground, as well as the arrival direction. Radio emission of nearly vertical cosmic ray air showers has been detected by LOPES. Results. LOPES-10 (the first phase of LOPES, consisting of 10 antennas) detected a significant number of cosmic ray air showers with a zenith angle larger than 50 ◦ , and many of these have very high radio field strengths. The most inclined event that has been detected with LOPES-10 has a zenith angle of almost 80 ◦ . This is proof that the new technique is also applicable for cosmic ray air showers with high inclinations, which in the case that they are initiated close to the ground, can be a signature of neutrino events. Conclusions. Our results indicate that arrays of simple radio antennas can be used for the detection of highly inclined air showers, which might be triggered by neutrinos. In addition, we found that the radio pulse height (normalized with the muon number) for highly inclined events increases with the geomagnetic angle, which confirms the geomagnetic origin of radio emission in cosmic ray air showers.


The solid-water interface reaction is investigated for the sorption of the Eu(III) ion, as a trivalent actinide homologue, onto well characterized natural hematite at pH < 6 in 0.1 Μ NaC104 in the presence of various ligands: oxalate, humic and fulvic acid (HA/FA). In each case a pH dependence of the Eu(III) sorption is observed that differs from the sorption of Eu(III) in the absence of ligands. At higher pH the sorption is decreased by competition of dissolved ligands with hematite surface sites. At lower pH uptake of Eu(III) increases due to its interaction with surface sorbed ligands. An attempt is made to describe the reactions by a surface complexation model taking into account the surface complexation constants for Eu(III) onto hematite, the complexation constants for the respective ligands and the experimentally determined solid/liquid distribution of each ligand. In the case of oxalate the model describes the distribution of Eu(III) between solid and liquid phases reasonably well. However, the same approach is found not suitable to describe the influence of humic and fulvic acid on the Eu(III) sorption. The divergence of experimental and modelling results is ascribed to blocking of the hematite surface hydroxyl groups by sorbed humic or fulvic acid and formation of strong ternary surface complexes of the type =S-0 -Eu=(HA/FA) .


EDITOR—Bradley and Cupples end their editorial on reducing recurrent coronary heart disease by asking whether anyone has a better idea of how to improve performance in this area1 Earlier they say that adequate resources would be needed to ensure a systematic approach to the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in …


This radio frequency antenna (10) includes an electrically conductive plate, a flat body (12) electrically conducting, extending in a plane, said extension plane (πE) and designed to resonate at a predetermined resonant frequency along an axis resonance (X) of extension plane (πE), the plate and the extension plane (πE) facing to each other. The flat body (12) comprises a first member (20) having a first characteristic impedance (Z), a second member (21) having a second characteristic impedance (Z) greater than the first characteristic impedance (Z), the second member ( 21) being elongated and having a first end (21A) contacting the first member (20). The antenna comprises a dielectric material (18) extending between the plate and the extension plane (π). The second member (21) comprises at least one elbow (23C).


The goal developing modern agriculture is to reduce the differences between town and country,to enhance the farmers' in-come,to improve farmer's life,and to accomplish countryside modernization.Through comparison of the current domestic and foreign modern agriculture development,this article elaborates the necessity and approaches for China to develop modern agriculture.


Objective To observe the effects of blocking renin-angiotensin system with losartan or perindopril on renal angiotensinⅡand its type 1 receptor (AT_1R) expression in STZ-induced (diabetic) rats. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal control group (NC) and (diabetic) group. Diabetes was induced by STZ (65 mg/kg) abdominal injection. Four weeks later, diabetic rats were further divided into 4 groups: diabetic rats treated with losartan (DL, 20 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),diabetic rats treated with perindopril (DP,2 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) and diabetic untreated control group(DC). Radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma and renal angiotensin (Ⅱ.)Expression of AT1R was detected by RT-PCR in each group before and after 12 week′s treatment. Results At the 4th week, renal AT_1R expression decreased. At the 16th week, plasma angiotensinⅡ,renal angiotensinⅡand AT_1R mRNA in diabetic untreated group were significantly higher than those in normal rats. (Renal) angiotensinⅡand AT_1R in losartan or perindopril-treatmented group were significantly lower than those in DC group. Conclusion Intrarenal RAS is abnormal in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Renoprotective effects of losartan and perindopril may partly induced by inhibiting renal angiotensinⅡ and AT_1R (expression.)


Samples of an ABA-type three-block copolymer (where A is poly(y-benzyl L-glutamate) (PBG) and B is poly(methy1 methacrylate) (PMMA)) were synthesized on a polymer initiator, PMMA, with the aim of elucidating the effect of a flexible polymer joint of different lengths on the conformational characteristics of rigid PBG molecules. The copolymer is considered to be a flexible polymer coil bonded at its ends to helical sequences of PBG exhibiting high equilibrium rigidity. The molecular weight and fraction of each copolymer component were varied. Solutions of copolymer samples were investigated in DMF at 25 "C by light scattering, flow birefringence, and viscometry. Their compositions, molecular weights, intrinsic viscosities, radii of gyration, second virial coefficients, and optical anisotropy were investigated. The molecular weights and optical anisotropy of the copolymer Components were calculated. A comparative analysis of the molecular weight dependence of intrinsic viscosity and optical anisotropy was carried out for the investigated copolymers and the PBG homopolymer. I t was shown that the introduction of a long flexible PMMA joint into the rigid PBG molecule does not change the equilibrium rigidity of PBG. A model for the structure of a three-block PBGPMMA-PBG copolymer making it possible to explain all the experimental data was considered.


The motion vector detecting unit (104) detects a motion vector from a first reference image for the encoding target block. Multiple reference image composition unit (107) generates synthetic reference block using the motion vector extracted from the first reference image after the synthesis of the first reference block and at least one other region of the predetermined reference image. The entropy coding unit (118) to synthesize the reference block as a prediction block, a block prediction difference obtained by subtracting the prediction block from the encoding target block is encoded.


In this paper,APDL parameters of design and Finite Element Analysis of star gear are taken for example to research on the design,calculation and construction of the Mechanical model.The main research as follow: gradually open line,in which a small segment adopted to draw straight line to matching;the key points,at which gradually open polar coordinate calculation is adopted;there are two kinds of situation should be considered in the outside wheel gear;in order to keep enough place for revolving angle,replace the torque with force in outside wheel gear;ANSYS software is used to simulate several sets of circumstances,and the simulation results are compared with theoretical results,The results show that the model which is constructed with the theoretical method is correct.


Abstract The Churches were significant players in the debate surrounding what has been called Britain's "lost opportunity" in the 1940s and 50s to play a leading role in building a united Europe. This article focuses on Christian theological and historical assumptions about humanity as a universal community, the nation and the Church. It examines Christian discourse about the political dimension of these communities and the part that Christianity as a belief system should ideally play between them. It then outlines the "Christendom" narrative, which represented medieval Europe as a model for the future of Europe, as a partial realization of the ideal alignment of power and culture, which in its decay was the cause of international crisis. Finally, some of the points of tension between Christendom, British national identity, and a united Europe among Christians are discussed.


Nigeria is a country located in West Africa. It is the most populous country in Africa, with a population of about 211 million. Nigeria is a federal republic with three tiers of government: federal, state, and local. Nigeria is a diverse country, with over 250 ethnic groups. This study aims to investigate the forecasting of currencies in circulation (CIC) in Nigeria using the Holt-Winters exponential smoothing method (Additive Holt–Winters Model and Multiplicative Holt–Winters Method). The forecasting data are collected from January 1960 to December 2022. The focus of the study is primarily to determine the optimal forecasting approach while considering the pertinent smoothing parameters and determine which of the forecasting method, either the multiplicative Holt–Winters or additive Holt–Winters is best in forecasting CIC in Nigeria. Furthermore, the study offers prognostic insights regarding CIC in Nigeria. Three experiments were conducted with different parameters (α= 0.2, γ= 0.2, δ= 0.5; α= 0.4, γ= 0.3, δ= 0.1; α= 0.1, γ= 0.1, δ= 0.3) that were randomly generated. The experiment with α= 0.4, γ= 0.3, and δ= 0.1 parameters was the best model for forecasting the variable using both the Additive Holt-Winters model and the Multiplicative Holt-Winters method. Based on the comparison of the accuracy measures, this study concluded that the multiplicative Holt-Winters method outperforms the additive Holt-Winters model in all three measures: MAPE, MAD, and MSD. The multiplicative Holt-Winters method has a significantly lower MAPE (5.97894E+00) compared to the additive Holt-Winters model (9.55758E+02). The forecast of CIC in Nigeria was conducted using the multiplicative Holt-Winters method, and it found that currency in circulation in Nigeria continues to increase as it shows the upper trend.


PEG-IFNα plus ribavirin and SMV were reported in the RESTORE study, a phase III, open label, single-arm study where 20/107 patients (18.7%) evidenced a virological failure due to the occurrence of RAVs; this rate was lower in naïve patients (11.4%) and higher in prior null responders (32.5%) [3] . D168V and D168E were the most frequently observed RAVs in BT patients (75%). We recently published an article on the role of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of boceprevir in treatment failure [4] in GT1 patients, while to our knowledge no data have been provided concerning the role of SMV plasma concentration in the selection of RAVs. Dear Editor, According to EASL guidelines, treatments for GT4 infection are currently based on peginterferon-α (PEG-IFNα) plus ribavirin with simeprevir (SMV) or sofosbuvir. Also available are the IFN-free regimens with sofosbuvir and ledipasvir, sofosbuvir and SMV, sofosbuvir and daclatasvir, and ombitasvir plus paritaprevir/ritonavir and ribavirin [1] . However, limited data about the efficacy of these treatments on GT4 are available. In addition, the role of resistance-associated variants (RAVs) in directing acting antiviral agents in this genotype has not been explored deeply and needs further investigation [2] . Available data concerning viral breakthrough (BT) in GT4 patients treated with Published online: June 22, 2017


We investigated potential source areas of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in headwater streams by examining DOC concentrations in lysimeter, shallow well, and stream water samples from a reference catchment at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. These observations were then compared to high‐frequency temporal variations in fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) at the catchment outlet and the predicted spatial extent of shallow groundwater in soils throughout the catchment. While near‐stream soils are generally considered a DOC source in forested catchments, DOC concentrations in near‐stream groundwater were low (mean = 2.4 mg/L, standard error = 0.6 mg/L), less than hillslope groundwater farther from the channel (mean = 5.7 mg/L, standard error = 0.4 mg/L). Furthermore, water tables in near‐stream soils did not rise into the carbon‐rich upper B or O horizons even during events. In contrast, soils below bedrock outcrops near channel heads where lateral soil formation processes dominate had much higher DOC concentrations. Soils immediately downslope of bedrock areas had thick eluvial horizons indicative of leaching of organic materials, Fe, and Al and had similarly high DOC concentrations in groundwater (mean = 14.5 mg/L, standard error = 0.8 mg/L). Flow from bedrock outcrops partially covered by organic soil horizons produced the highest groundwater DOC concentrations (mean = 20.0 mg/L, standard error = 4.6 mg/L) measured in the catchment. Correspondingly, stream water in channel heads sourced in part by shallow soils and bedrock outcrops had the highest stream DOC concentrations measured in the catchment. Variation in FDOM concentrations at the catchment outlet followed water table fluctuations in shallow to bedrock soils near channel heads. We show that shallow hillslope soils receiving runoff from organic matter‐covered bedrock outcrops may be a major source of DOC in headwater catchments in forested mountainous regions where catchments have exposed or shallow bedrock near channel heads.


At present,convertible bonds is developing rapidly in China.But the majority of listed companies just use it as a financing tool besides the addition to the shares.Indeed,convertible bonds have its unique advantages in improving corporate governance structure.This paper discusses how to resolve the agency cost problems between shareholders and creditors,shareholders and managers.


(57) According to the summary of the present invention, a plurality of shared memory processor (11) is introduced into the top level of the hierarchical distributed processing system (1), based on the concurrent event flow recognized by the system processor use of is optimized. According to the first aspect, so-called non-replacement categories of events (NCC) is mapped to a plurality of processors for concurrent processing execution (11). According to a second aspect of the invention, the processor (11) operates as a multi-processor pipeline, each event to reach the pipeline processing in units of slices as an internal event chains that run in different stages of the pipeline It is. General processing structure is obtained by a so-called matrix processing, non-replacement category is performed by a different processor sets respectively, by at least one processor set to operate as a multi-processor pipeline, in different processors stage of the pipeline external events are processed in units of slices.


Electrical power transmission system serves as a distributor of electrical energy from the plant to the consumer. His long-distance journey has various risks of loss and disruption. A protection system is needed in terms of handling interference. One important component is a distance relay that serves as a protection of power transmission lines. Distance relays will measure the impedance value of the disturbance which will then be compared with the value of the relay setting, next the relay will give the commands according to the comparison results. The distance relay working area is divided into teritory 1, teritory 2 and z teritory 3 with their own setting values. Setting the value of the setting becomes important for the reliability of the transmission system so as to reduce losses. This research applied to transmission system of 150 kV substation Gondangrejo-Jajar started by conducting literature study, finding the data of conductor cable, transformer parameters and setting distance relation value. The data is then processed and calculated and analyzed the results. Based on the available data, Initial settlement for teritory 1 = 1Ω, teritory 2 = 1.91 Ω and teritory 3 = 1.8 Ω. The difference shows several factors such as conditions, including impedance faults and human error. The use of Gondangrejo-Jajar distance relay can still be done in safe condition because it does not show significant value difference.


Taenia solium (T. solium) taeniasis/cysticercosis is an important zoonosis of considerable public health concern that mainly affects poor communities, especially in countries of Africa, Asia and South America[1]. Man, the only known natural host of adult T. solium in which it causes human taeniasis, acquires the infection by the ingestion of uncooked or undercooked pork containing viable cysticercus of T. solium. Pigs being the main intermediate host in which the cysticerci of T. solium develop become infected by eating viable T. solium eggs or whole gravid proglottids voided in human faeces into the environment by infected individuals[2]. Absence or improper meat inspection as well as clandestine slaughter and sale of pig carcases contribute significantly to the maintenance and transmission of the infection in man[1]. Porcine cysticercosis is usually prevalent in under-developed or developing countries with limited economic resources, extensive (free range) or poor pig husbandry systems[3-5]. Although the environmental and pig management conditions in Nigeria (especially where open-air defecation is rampant) appear favourable for the transmission of taeniasis/cysticercosis complex, records of the prevalence appear few and far-between. For instance, in this study area, the only published study on porcine cysticercosis and human taeniasis was carried out two decades ago[4]. Consequently, it has become necessary to re-evaluate the status of the infection in slaughter pigs due to the great economic and public health implication of the parasite and the increasing pig production and pork consumption in the area. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT


Objectives: The promotion of evidence-based practice (EBP) to ensure that the best scientific evidence, clinician expertise, and patient advocacy are used in health care delivery is an important leadership role of advanced practice nurses. While there has been much progress in advancing EBP, there are many hospital systems in the United States and other parts of the world that have yet to integrate an EBP framework. A focus group study was conducted to examine nurse's views relative to the adoption of EBP in a specific community hospital setting. Methods: Design: A focus group design was used. Setting: A Midwestern United States rural community hospital. Sample: Four nurse practitioners, three nurse administrators/managers, and eleven inpatient direct care nurses. Three focus groups were conducted. Data were analyzed using qualitative methodology. Results: Themes identified included institutional and/or cultural barriers, lack of knowledge, lack of motivation, time management, physician and patient factors, and limited access to up-to-date user-friendly technology and computer systems. Conclusions: Engaging a participatory approach, findings provide strategy to consider when developing programs to expose nurses to EBP and for the translation of current standards into clinical practice. Building infrastructure to sustain and support EBP via leadership; time provision; access and support for continuing education; and collaborative integration of team members will guide the development of clinical environments that promote EBP.


This study employs a structured, positive approach to investigating the choices of financial analysts for valuation models in their reports on firms drawn from the banking and pharmaceutical sectors in UK. It examines 141, sell-side analysts' equity reports issued by international brokerage houses, covering 9 banking and 15 pharmaceutical firms listed on the London Stock Exchange. It provides a descriptive analysis of the range of valuation models appearing in these reports and the factors that drive analysts' choices. It postulates and tests four, discrete hypotheses related to their preferences for specific valuation methods and the variations of these across the two sectors. The statistical analysis performed on these hypotheses leads to the following conclusions: firstly, valuation by single-period comparatives is more often in the banking than the pharmaceutical industry. The valuation models financial analysts most often adopt as dominant are the PE multiple and the multi-period DCF model. Analysts do not include dividends in the value-relevant features of banking firms they seek to predict and base their valuations on; the dividend yield along with the DDM and GGM models only seldom appear as dominant in analysts' banking reports. Finally, the different nature of assets comprising the firms of the two sectors does not seem to induce a variation in the methodologies analysts adopt when valuing them; it is their expertise as well as investors' familiarity with certain valuation models that appear to lead their choices instead. These findings shed additional light on the available knowledge on this topic area so far and constitute the basis for further and deeper research on analysts' valuation methodologies.


Recent studies of the Australian Workers' Union ( AWU) and working class politics in the pastoral industry have concentrated on the unions, its leaders, and on the property ownership of its members. This has obscured social relations of production between employers and employees within the labour process. Nor has enough attention been given to the position of pastoral workers as persons who do not own the means of production but work for wages.1 For such labour historians working class formation occurs through trade unions and other forms of political and economic organisation. There are also writers such as Connell and Irving who are in the tradition of culturalist history developed by E. P. Thompson.2 For them class is a felt experience, a set of beliefs and attitudes, a self-conception arising out of a way of life. They focus on the culture of the working class, on human agency, rather than economic structure. They recognise the importance of class relations, but equate these relations to how groups perceive themselves. This article traces working class formation to relations of production, to an economic structure rooted in the workplace where employers and employees confront each other. However, the workplace does not consist of economic relations alone, but also of juridical, ideological and power relations. As this article shows, a focus on social relations of production does not imply economic reductionism. Nor does it exclude human agency or consciousness. Buyers and sellers of labour power enter into economic relations that are simultaneously political, legal and cultural relations. Contemporary discussions of the labour process have been triggered by Braverman's argument that under modern capitalism there was an erosion of the ability of employees to regulate how work was done. In essence Braverman has focused on relations between employers and employees as power relations that were structured by technological changes. A growing division of labour, the decline of craft, and the deskilling of labour separated the conceptualisation of production from the execution of the plans of management. Control passed almost inevitably to management.3 Australian labour historians have challenged these conclusions. Bulbeck has shown how in the furniture industry compromise between factory owners and the union was more common than total opposition or subordination.4 Frances has argued that while deskilling occurred in the Victorian clothing industry, the extent of deskilling varied between different sections of the labour process, with the skilled and reskilled tasks performed by a male elite, while the deskilled tasks were left to female workers.5 These arguments are of some use to our analysis of the shearing labour process. In the first section of this article the rapid diffusion of shearing machinery is discussed. It is argued that machine shearing replaced hand shearing because it made possible cheaper and speedier shearing, but the use of machines did not improve managerial control. Nor did it lead to deskilling, and shearers won the power to decide the kind of machines they would use. Such con


Vietnam is a lower-income to middle-income country with a population of 97 million. In 2018, its gross domestic product per capita was US$2.566, and around US$150 per person were spent on healthcare. The healthcare system in Vietnam includes both public and private providers, with less than one doctor and two nurses per 1000 population. Public hospitals are divided into four levels: central, provincial, district and commune levels, and are responsible for providing healthcare for the majority of the residents in Vietnam.

The country has a 1300 km border with China in the north, where SARS-CoV-2 first emerged.1 Therefore, Vietnam was at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection as the virus spread outside of China in early 2020. Yet, as of 23 February 2021, there have been only a total of 2401 reverse transcription (RT)-PCR-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection with three major waves attributable to locally acquired infection (figure 1) and 35 deaths from the virus reported in Vietnam.2 The outbreak in the coastal city of Da Nang between July and August 2020 represented a major outbreak associated with community transmission.3 4 This was then followed by the detection of sporadic cases of community transmission in the last quarter of 2020. In the morning of 28 January 2021, after 55 days of no community transmission anywhere in the country, two cases of locally acquired infection were reported in two neighbouring provinces (Hai Duong and Quang Ninh). By the end of the same day, the number of infections climbed to 88, marking the beginning of the third wave of community transmission in Vietnam. Although as of 23 February 2021, a total 809 infections have been reported from the current outbreak, the epidemic curve is now falling (figure 1). Likewise, the number of provinces with ongoing community transmissions has decreased from 13 to …


The opposition between Galilee and Jerusalem is a well-known feature of Mark, which suggests that the localities form a specific level of meaning (theological and literary) in the gospel. Furthermore, on a text-theoretical/structuralist basis you are to expect some kind of rivalry between person representing change, and place representing stability. From this point of view the main sequences of Mark are analysed as follows: 'The Wilderness' forms the place of mythical re-qualification; 'Galilee' is the scene of a duel between the places and Jesus the anti-place, always going elsewhere; this scene is altered into 'the way', leading from Caesarea Philippi to 'Jerusalem', where the Temple is dissolved symbolically giving place to the omnipresence of the absent Christ in the Eucarist. The article concludes with some reflections on the theological perspectives of the empty tomb, representing the absence which brings meaning to presence.


Many herbal extracts have been reported to modify significantly, the transformation of normal cells into neoplastic cells. Garlic and its extracts are known for their hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antiplatelet aggregating effect as well as for its anticancer effects. Many of these health beneficial effects of garlic are attributed to its principle organosulfur compound diallyl disulfide(DADS). It was thought that DADS may be involved in anticarcinogenic & antitumorogenic effect of garlic, hence the present work was undertaken to assess the protective effects of DADS in ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells induced hepatoma in mice. The study has three groupsnormal group (group1), the EAC cells implanted mice (group 2) & DADS-treated EAC cells implanted mice (group 3). The results indicate a significant decrease in ascitic fluid volume, ascitic fluid cell count, liver tissue amino acid nitrogen levels, liver tissue glutaminase activity & liver tissue lactate levels as well as a increase in life span observed in group 3 mice as compared to group 2 mice, suggesting that DADS gives a significant protection in group3 mice probably by decreasing the anaerobic glucose utilization as well as by interfering with protein & deoxy ribonucleotide synthesis.


Finite mixture models provide a concrete way to capture unobserved heterogeneity and thereby create clusters of data. In a regression setting, unobserved heterogeneity occurs when responses come from more than one subpopulation or when extreme values are present in a data. Finite mixture of regression models are widely applied in many diverse areas such as economics, genetics, medicine and psychology, among others. With the advent of modern computers and softwares, the method of maximum likelihood became the most widely applied estimation technique in finite mixture regression models. Even so, it is well known that maximum likelihood estimation for mixture models has many drawbacks, including their sensitivity to extreme values and data contamination. In this dissertation, we introduce a robust estimation method for finite mixture of regression models based on a minimum integrated L2 distance for count response. It is shown that our robust estimator, called L2E, is consistent and asymptotically normal. Furthermore, our L2E estimator of the number of mixture components, the so called mixture complexity, is also shown to be consistent. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we compare the performance of our L2E with those of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator and the minimum Hellinger distance (MHD) estimator. It is shown that our L2E is highly competitive to the ML estimator and a better alternative to the MHD estimator. The L2E estimator is also shown to be more robust than the MHD estimator, when samples are generated from gross-error contaminated (three-component) mixture of Poisson regression models. For the poorly-separated model with the small fraction of extreme values, we propose a modified L2E criterion, called L2Ep, with a penalty function. The L2Ep estimator is also shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal for the case of two-component mixture regression models. In addition, the L2Ep estimator of mixture complexity is also shown to be consistent. Finally, the performance of these two methods are illustrated for two real data sets. Next, we introduce a modified L2E estimator of mixture complexity in finite mixture models for continuous data. We show via simulations that the modified L2E estimator of mixture complexity helps detect a small fraction of extreme values and improve the efficiency when the true finite mixture model contains a small mixing proportion and are poorly-separated. We also consider non-normal mixture models and study the performance of our L2E estimator in gamma and lognormal mixtures via Monte Carlo simulations and real data analyses. Index words: Asymptotic normality, Consistency, Finite mixtures, Finite mixtures of regression models, L2E estimation, Mixture complexity, Penalty function, Robustness L2E Estimation for Finite Mixture of Regression Models with Applications and L2E with Penalty and Non-normal Mixtures


Limited data are currently available on the vitamin D content of many foods, and in spite of research indicating that this may be a nutrient of concern in the diets of many people, analytical values are available for very few foods in the National Nutrient Data Base. The AOAC methods to analyze for vitamin D have not been updated since 19XX. In order to develop an improved method that can be applied to a wide range of food products, including dry breakfast cereal, diet supplement drinks, infant formula, cheeses and dairy products, etc., multiple possible methods were evaluated. Results by ultraviolet detection were compared to those obtained using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode, using isotope‐labeled Vitamin D3 comparisons to normal Vitamin D2 as an internal standard. Using these methods, a comprehensive method for Vitamin D analysis was developed by using the best aspects of currently available published methods. Vitamin D content of foods using this new method will enhance the nutritional information available to improve estimations of Vitamin D intakes of consumers via enhanced availability in the National Nutrient Data Base maintained by the National Data Laboratory.


The substances which are investigated in this paper have the following chemical formula: CH3. (CH2)mA or CH3 (CH2)nCH ⋮ CH (CH2)p A. These molecules consist of two parts. One which is called the chain or hydrocarbon-chain contains a relatively large number of CH2 groups. All these groups are chemically identical ( n -compounds) except those near the unsaturated bond or near the ends of the chain. The other part "A" is a comparatively small radical such as — CH3 or — COOH or —CH . Br . COOH and is called the end group. Substances with hydrocarbon chains occur very frequently in the organic world. An X-ray investigation of a few typical representatives is likely to supply the key for the crystal structure of a large number of chemically similar substances. Such an investigation is not only interesting from the point of view of stereo-chemistry but also in connection with monomolecular films. Considerable work has been done in recent years on very thin films which these long-chain compounds form on a water surface. Langmuir (1) and later Adam (2) have measured the area occupied by a single molecule in such a film. A corresponding area has been obtained from measurements on a solid crystal by means of X-rays. A comparison of the two data leads to several interesting conclusions. This work was started more than three years ago. It is far from being complete now, but it has reached a stage where a publication does not seem to be premature.


Abstract In this paper we consider the truncated shift operator Su on the model space K2u := H2 θ uH2. We say that a complex number λ is an extended eigenvalue of Su if there exists a nonzero operator X, called extended eigenvector associated to λ, and satisfying the equation SuX = λXSu. We give a complete description of the set of extended eigenvectors of Su, in the case of u is a Blaschke product..


Objective: Retrospectively review the charts of patients from the University of Florida Facial Plastic Surgery Clinic over the past 4 years in order to evaluate the efficacy of keloid prevention after surgery with application of 5% imiquimod cream topically to excised areas. Method: Retrospective chart review. Classification of keloid subsite in the head and neck, and recurrence rates as documented in electronic encounters will be analyzed. Patients that have not followed up for greater than 3 months will receive a phone call for follow up. Results: The main result measured will be recurrence rates of head and neck keloid that have undergone surgical excision of these lesions followed by application of 5% imiquimod cream for 6 weeks. This will be obtained from retrospective review of clinic charts from the University of Florida patient database in addition to phone calls to previously treated patients that have not been seen in clinic for greater than 3 months. Conclusion: Pending results and analysis, we hypothesize that application of 5% imiquimod cream following surgical excision of head and neck keloid leads to lower recurrence rates than what is quoted in the literature.


The contribution is dedicated to the sliding contact problems and its verification in operational conditions on DC and synchronous machines. The experimental check of the new brush gear conception with auxiliary brushes on base teflon are presented.


In Brazil, the telenovela has established itself as one of the most important products of television. Thus, it addresses the differences between social groups and disputes between them. The visibility for these groups that is built from this dynamic becomes a chance to promote their representation, when they see themselves as part of the nation. This study aims to understand the representation of Black women in the scenario of contemporary Brazilian telenovelas, focusing on Amor de Mãe (Dias & Villamarim, 2019–2021). The research consisted of analyzing the protagonists of the first part of this narrative, Camila (Jéssica Ellen) and Vitória (Taís Araújo), based on the analytical category of controlling images (Collins, 1990/2019), which unravels the logic that tries to justify the oppression experienced by these women. The results show that these images can be identified isolated and/or combined in the construction of these characters. At times, the telenovela plot questions these images; at others, it reinforces them.


A strong edge coloring of a graph G is a proper edge coloring in which each color class is an induced matching of G. In 1993, Brualdi and Quinn Massey [3] proposed a conjecture that every bipartite graph without 4-cycles and with the maximum degrees of the two partite sets 2 and admits a strong edge coloring with at most + 2 colors. We prove that this conjecture holds for such graphs with = 3 . We also confirm the conjecture proposed by Faudree et al. [5] for subcubic bipartite graphs. NOTE: After publishing this paper on ArXiv, we have been notified that an equivalent result has already been proven by Maydanskiy [9] in the scope of incidence colorings. Moreover, the latter result has been verified in a little stronger form in [14] by Wu and Lin.


Active open loop control of a swirl stabilized diffusion flame was experimentally studied. Control was achieved by simultaneously forcing the airstream and the fuel stream. The effects of forcing amplitude and the phase difference between the forcing signals were studied. All tests were performed using a small scale model of a swirl-stabilized spray combustor. The air jet was forced acoustically at amplitudes that corresponded to 30 % and 60 % of the mean velocity at the nozzle exit. Swirl was applied aerodynamically by injecting tangential air into the settling chamber. The swirl number was varied from 0 to 0.3. The phase angle between the air and liquid fuel pulsations was varied a full 360 degrees. Numerous combinations of amplitude, swirl and phase angles were tested. Injecting the fuel in phase with air pulsations resulted in the spray following the initial line of vortex formation. As the vortex grew, the fuel became entrained in the vortical structure resulting in effective mixing. Injecting the fuel out of phase with air pulsations led to the spray being injected into the vortex once it was fully developed. Measurements of forced flame temperature showed this condition to be least effective. Both increased swirl and liquid fuel pulsations resulted in increased heat release at the flame holder. Air forcing with and without swirl resulted in substantially increasing the heat release at the flame holder. It was shown that injecting fuel in phase with air pulsations resulted in maximum heat release.


Abstract Neurolinguistic, neurological and pathoanatomical data concerning the conditions of production of various forms of repetitive verbal behaviour (echolalia, palilalia, perseveration, recurring utterances, stereotypy, speech automatisms, speech tics) are reviewed. The neurological findings indicate that non-meaningful recurring utterances/automatisms, palilalia, tics and, possibly, acquired stuttering are symptoms of basal ganglia dysfunction. Echolalia seems to be related to dysfunction of the frontal lobe system. Production of verbal stereotypies and emotionally charged real word recurring utterances is viewed to indicate the activity of right hemisphere language mechanisms. The neurolinguistic data suggest that echolalia is generated quite high in the linguistic processes of formulation, non-meaningful recurring utterances close to the bottom of the formulation apparatus and palilalia downstream. Verbal perseveration remains an elusive symptom, both neurologically and neurolinguistically.


We prove the existence of a Gevrey family of invariant curves for analytic reversible mappings under weaker nondegeneracy condition. The index of the Gevrey smoothness of the family could be any number , where is the exponent in the small divisors condition and is the order of degeneracy of the reversible mappings. Moreover, we obtain a Gevrey normal form of the reversible mappings in a neighborhood of the union of the invariant curves.


Background: Balance is defined as the ability to maintain a position within the limits of stability or base of support. It is indicated that postural control system plays an important role in maintenance of balance on the small support base. The complexity of balancing processes makes it challenging to assess balancing abilities in a concise, holistic approach. This study extends previous efforts by reviewing a large number of papers that use of various mechanical tools to assess postural balance and by providing a detailed overview of the common mechanical tools used to assess postural balance and gait.


An interlaboratory study has been conducted to determine the following: (i) the similarities and differences of film thicknesses and composition profiles obtained from analyses of simulated angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) data by different analysts using different algorithms for data analysis, and (ii) the effects of two assumptions commonly made in data‐analysis algorithms for ARXPS on derived film thicknesses and composition profiles. The analyzed data were generated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology Database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis, (SESSA) which provides a simple way to study the influence of the aforementioned effects on compositional depth profile reconstruction. Sets of simulated ARXPS data were produced for thin films of SiO2, SiON, HfO2, and HfON of varying thicknesses on a Si substrate. For some HfON films, the N concentration varied with depth. Eleven groups participated in the round robin study. The majority (eight) employed a commercial ARXPS instrument in which the angular distribution is measured for a fixed sample geometry, in contrast to conventional ARXPS in which the sample is tilted for angular variation. The average deviations between the reported average depth, film thickness, and amount of material typically varied between 20% and 30% but were considerably larger, between 30% and 80%, for some cases. The average errors were generally larger for simulations that included elastic scattering and the finite analyzer‐acceptance angle (realistic conditions) than those for simulations that neglected elastic scattering and the finite analyzer‐acceptance angle (simplified conditions). The retrieved N depth profiles were quantitatively different from the true depth profiles and showed substantial variability among the group of members who used the same instrument and analysis software. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This plenary speech is devoted to the development of inclusive culture. The road to the inclusion of children with special needs is long and complex. Inclusion is not a destination but a process of the growing extent of participation in social life and decrease of the extent of alienation from culture, from the system of primary and secondary education.
Each country builds this road in its own manner. For a country like Russia, even each region has its own specifics, which determines the design of aid services as well as variants of special needs child engagement trajectories with the society.


Table of Contents - 6 How Attractive is a Basic Income for European Welfare States? - 14 Preface - 8 Acknowledgements - 12 Part One - Policy Objectives - 40 In Search of the Double-Edged Sword - 42 Basic Income and its Cognates: Partial Basic Income versus Earned Income Tax Credit and Reductions of Social Security Contributions as Alternative Ways of Addressing the 'New Social Question' - 54 Activation and the Burden of Working: On Instrument Choice by a Responsibility-Sensitive Egalitarian Government - 86 Arguing for a Negative Income Tax in Germany - 108 Hush Money or Emancipation Fee? A Gender Analysis of Basic Income - 122 Prospects for Basic Income in an Age of Inactivity? - 138 Basic Income and Social Europe - 156 Basic Income at the Heart of Social Europe? Reply to Fritz Scharpf - 162 European Basic Income or the Race to the Bottom:Why Politicians Might Come to Think the Unthinkable - 171 Bibliography - 187 Part Two - Political Chances - 196 Clues and Leads in the Debate on Basic Income in the Netherlands - 198 The History of an Idea:Why Did Basic Income Thrill the Finns, but not he Swedes? - 225 From Concept to Green Paper: Putting Basic Income on the Agenda in Ireland - 239 Short Cuts and Wrong Tracks on the Long March to Basic Income: Debating Social Policy Reform in Germany - 248 Ups and Downs of Basic Income in Denmark - 258 What Reforms are Needed for the Minimum Insertion Income (RMI) in France - 269 The VIVANT Experiment in Belgium - 277 Notes on the Contributors - 286 Index - 288


Solid waste management is the one thing just about every city government provides for its residents. While service levels, environmental impacts and costs vary dramatically, solid waste management is arguably the most important municipal service and serves as a prerequisite for other municipal action. As the world hurtles toward its urban future, the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW), one of the most important by-products of an urban lifestyle, is growing even faster than the rate of urbanization. Ten years ago there were 2.9 billion urban residents who generated about 0.64 kg of MSW per person per day (0.68 billion tonnes per year). This report estimates that today these amounts have increased to about 3 billion residents generating 1.2 kg per person per day (1.3 billion tonnes per year). By 2025 this will likely increase to 4.3 billion urban residents generating about 1.42 kg/capita/day of municipal solid waste (2.2 billion tonnes per year).


Introduction . To increase accuracy of disease prognosis in patients with bladder cancer we propose determination of expression level of several tumor markers. Objective is evaluation of prognostic significance of Ki-67 expression level in risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer recurrence. Materials and methods . To perform immunohistochemistry analysis of Ki-67 we used surgery material of 83 patients who underwent primary transurethral bladder resection due to non-muscle invasive cancer. We performed an analysis of correlation between Ki-67 expression level in malignant tissue removed by transurethral resection and characteristics of tumor development. We evaluated the role of Ki-67 in stratification of recurrence risk by comparing the level of Ki-67 antigen expression in patients with recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and in relapse-free patients. We present evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, and prognostic value of quantitative determination of Ki-67 expression level in relation to non-muscle invasive bladder cancer recurrence. Results . During the follow-up period, 41 cases of non-muscle invasive bladder tumor recurrence were observed. Quantitative value of the Ki-67 marker correlated with tumor differentiation grade G, malignancy grade, invasion into submucosal and muscle layers, presence of primary process, and tumor recurrence. In comparison with relapse-free patients, a significantly higher level of Ki-67 expression was observed in patients with cancer recurrence (р = 0.0035). We have determined a threshold quantitative value of Ki-67 (48 %) indicating disease recurrence. Presence of a threshold value of the Ki-67 marker showed moderate sensitivity level (less than 71 %) with relatively low specificity level (57 %). However prognostic level wasn't high (between 63 and 65 %). Conclusion . In patients with recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer an elevated level of Ki-67 expression was observed in comparison with relapse-free patients (test sensitivity was 70.7 %). Obviously, determination of molecular biomarkers, Ki-67 in particular, can potentially help distinguish highly malignant tumors with high progression and recurrence risk, which can significantly improve treatment results for these patients. However, this problem requires further research.


For many Australians, Fred Williams's landscape paintings embody their country's dry aesthetic. While it has often been said that Williams 'painted the landscape as we see it today', little attention has been given to the fact that the present dryness and scruffiness of the places he painted in southeastern Australia are a result of colonial clearing of land once farmed by Indigenous tribes. Underlying this lack of acknowledgement is a complex European history and culture of repressed culpability, which throws partial light on Williams's claim to have no interest in the land for its own sake. Nonetheless, Williams unconsciously prefigured these concerns, rejecting the prevailing romantic and picturesque landscape aesthetics of his day for a formalist approach that indirectly indexes dryness and land degradation resulting from colonial exploitation. When Aboriginal art first appeared in public galleries in the 1970s, Williams developed a keen appreciation for it, believing it touched on his own concerns in fundamental ways. Since Williams's premature death in 1982, increased awareness of global warming and climate change has challenged aesthetic responses to and conceptions of the land. Given the important position Williams holds within the canon of Australian landscape painting, it is crucial to understand precisely how his aesthetic relationship to the land operated and how cultural and ecological conditions brought it about.


This paper reviews developing history of fluorocarbon chemicals both at home and abroad.Owing to the restrictions of PFOS and PFOA,new RD mainly focused on C8 substitutes,silicone containing fluoro chemicals,oxygen or other atom containing fluorocarbon chemicals,new detecting techniques,as well as synergism with combination of different chemicals.


Introduction Many approaches have been described to repair vesico-vaginal fistulae (VVF), either open abdominal surgeries, vaginal techniques or laparoscopic approaches. Vaginal repairing techniques are minimally invasive, but there are some limitations for higher located fistulous tracts, as well as for the interposition of appropriated flaps in this cases. We describe a combined technique of vaginal repair, assisted by laparoscopy, in order to get additional advantages to the minimally invasive procedure.


Inventory Management is always a challenging and opportunistic area for practitioners and researchers in diverse domains, as the core of any business success is in its inventory management. Therefore, reaching an efficient management system that is capable of optimizing costs is crucial, especially in perishable inventory management. Due to the different nature of perishable inventory, it needs regular control and monitoring. Perishable Inventory deteriorates over time and its quality is affected by the storage and transportation conditions. The advent of revolutionary technologies including Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), Cloud Computing and Internet of Things (IoT) have opened innovative opportunities with pertaining challenges. This article contributes by an analytical study that reviews recent research and development efforts in the utilization of IoT for the management of perishable inventory. This analysis reveals the opportunities that are not yet fully realized, and the challenges that need to be efficiently solved to enable their realization.


The main issues about private property that philosophers have con centrated on fit into one of three categories: (1) the concept of property, (2) the justification of property as an institution, and (3) specific items or kinds of item such that, even if property as an institution is justified, perhaps should not be considered as possible objects of ownership at all, or if they should, should be subject to restrictions not binding on the more usual objects of private ownership. To make category (3) a little more concrete, possible items that fall under it include body parts, nonrenewable resources, and historical antiquities. The category is disparate, and becomes more so when intellectual property is added. According to some philosophers, many and perhaps all items of intellectual property reside in this ethical Alsace-Lorraine. The main topic of this paper is neither issue (1), nor issue (2), nor issue (3), but a brief discussion of issue (1) is needed before the main topic is addressed.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the cardiorespiratory function, such as heart rate, breath frequencies, VO_2max, VEmax, RQ and blood pressure by applying Dan-jun breathing and exercise treatment program. Thirty-two middle school second graders took part in this experiment as subjects. They were randomlu divided into four groups-Group A(Dan-jun breathing training), Group B(Dan-jun breathing plus aerobic training), Group C(Aerobic training) and Group D(Reinforcement training). Each group consisted of 8 male students and had 12 weeks of training. 3 days a week ad 60 minutes at a time. Group A did only Dan-jun breathing training. Group B did 30 minutes of Dan-jun breathing and 30 minutes of aerobic training for the same period. Group C took only aerobic training. Lastly, Group D did the weight-lifting and stretching to build up their strength. The results areas follows; 1. In the changes of cardiorespiratory function, there was no difference among the first three groups except the reinforcement group. The other way around, this can be explained that Dan-jun breathing is almost as effective as aerobic exercise in cardiorespiratory function. 2. There was also no significant difference among the first three groups except the reinforcement group in the change of heart rates. 3. In blood pressure, there was significant difference between the pre-and post-test in the Dan-jun breathing group and Dan-jun breathing plus aerobic group, respectively. 4. In breathing frequencies, there was significant difference between the pre-and post-test only in the Dan-jun breathing group, but no difference among the other three groups.


Automatic personal identification from their physical and behavioral traits, called biometrics technologies, is now needed in many fields such as: surveillance systems, security systems, physical buildings and many more applications. In this paper, we propose an efficient online personal identification system based on Finger-Knuckle-Print (FKP) using the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and two-dimensional Block based Discrete Cosine Transform (2D-BDCT). In this study, a segmented FKP is firstly divided into non- overlapping and equal-sized blocks, and then, applies the 2D-BDCT over each block. By using zigzag scan order (starting at the top-left) each transform block is reordered to produce the feature vector. Subsequently, we use the HMM for modeling the feature vector of each FKP. Finally, Log-likelihood scores are used for FKP matching. Our experimental results show the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach, which brings both high identification and accuracy rate.


The utilization of biogas slurry is critical for the sustainable development of animal husbandry. Biomass carbon adsorption is a feasible method for the recycling of nutrients from biogas slurry. However, research on the co-adsorption of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate is scarce. Herein, soybean straw was utilized as the raw material to prepare Ca2+-modified biochar (CaSSB), which was investigated for its ammonia nitrogen and phosphate adsorption mechanisms. Compared with natural biochar (SSB), CaSSB possesses a high H/C ratio, larger surface area, high porosity and various functional groups. Ca2+-modified soybean straw biochar exhibited excellent adsorption performance for NH4+–N (103.18 mg/g) and PO43−−P (9.75 mg/g) at pH = 6, using an adsorbent dosage of 2 g/L. The experimental adsorption data of ammonia nitrogen by CaSSB corresponded to pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting that the adsorption process was homogeneous and that electrostatic attraction might be the primary adsorption mechanism. Meanwhile, the adsorption of phosphate conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir–Freundlich model, whose mechanism might be attributed to ligand exchange and chemical precipitation. These results reveal the potential of CaSSBs as a cost-effective, efficient adsorbent for the recovery of ammonium and phosphate from biogas slurry.


This study aims to analyze the quality of products, brand image and
advertising on Samsung mobile phone purchase decisions. This research method
using research type of quantitative approach. The population in this study is all
students of Faculty of Economics and Business University of Muhammadiyah
Surakarta by using method of Purposive Sampling. The sample used in this
research is 100 respondents.
Data analysis method used is test of validity and reliability test, classical
assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis test with t test, F
test, determination test (R2).
The result of t test analysis showed that the variable of product quality
have positive and significant effect to purchasing decision, brand image have
positive and significant effect on purchasing decision, advertising variable have
positive and significant influence to individual purchasing decision while F test
result can be obtained product quality, advertising together influence on the
decision of purcashing Samsung mobile phone.


In a communication system with time varying channel qualities, it is ideal to allocate the limited transmission power to channels that will be in good state. However, it is very challenging to do so because channel states are usually unknown when the power allocation decision is made. In this paper, we derive an optimal power allocation policy that can maximize the expected discounted number of bits transmitted over an infinite time span. Specifically, we first model this problem as a partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDP), and analytically investigate the structure of the optimal policy. Then a simple threshold-based policy is derived for a three-channel communication system. By formulating and solving a linear programming formulation of this power allocation problem, we further verified the derived structure of the optimal policy.


The aim of this study is to model Reference Evapotranspiration (ET0) in Nigeria and Cyprus with Maiduguri and Larnaca as a case study region. Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) which utilized 3 membership function owing to its fine mapping capability was employed for the modeling purpose. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model was also developed. The results were compared to Penman-Monteith (FAO-56-PM) model. Monthly average of long-term climate data including minimum temperature, maximum temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were used as inputs to the models. The performance of the models was evaluated by two global statistics of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Determination Coefficient (DC). The results indicated that ANFIS had better performance than MLR models. The results also showed ANFIS was capable of modeling ET0 in the study regions efficiently, but had better performance in Maiduguri than in Larnaca region.


Overexpression of a putative type III polyketide synthase (PKSIII) from the marine myxobacterium Enhygromyxa salina SWB007 in Streptomyces coelicolor M1146 led to the accumulation of a novel monoketopiperazine consisting of phenylalanine and isoleucine. This compound was named phileucin and shows high structural similarity to phevalin (aureusimine B). The protease inhibiting activity was tested against human cathepsin L, human leukocyte elastase, bovine trypsin and bovine chymotrypsin. In contrast to phevalin, no protease inhibition was observed.


This paper describes the development of a laboratory demonstration controller board using the Arduino Uno micro controller platform. The platform is intended to assist in demonstrating closed loop feedback concepts taught as part of the electrical engineering curriculum at CQUniversity Australia. The platform consists of an Arduino Uno and custom designed shield to allow the micro-controller to more easily interface with 24V equipment used in the laboratories. Also developed as part of the platform are 2 additional boards to handle signal conversion for equipment used in the lab and a software interface using MATLAB®/SIMULINJ(® for the programming and real time monitoring of the hardware. The effectiveness of the platform is evaluated regarding its effectiveness as a teaching too using an application example.


Most of the Late Tang Form poets were secluded poets. They learnt poetic experience from the middle Tang famous poet Jia Dao, but their poetic style changed from Jia Dao's strange and cold style to pedestrian and leisurely style, opened a way for the Song poetry in pedestrian artistic pursuit. And the Late Tang Form secluded poets had a great priggish and lonely spirit that became a symbol of noble quality in the Song Dynasty and later periods. Therefore, it is of great significance for us to study the mind and emotion of the Late Tang Form secluded poets in the Early Song Dynasty so as to understand the poems of the Late Tang Form and the Song Dynasty.


A fluoric cathode electrophoresis paint with low surface energy is applied by electrophoretic coating and features high decorative and anticorrosive effects. Its preparing process includes such steps as proportionally mixing electrophoretic fluoric acrylic resin with acrylic resin or epoxy resin, stirring, diluting with deionized water, and regulating pH value by organic acid.


In this paper, we review our recent experimental work on coherent and incoherent liquid crystal lasers. For the coherent lasers, results are presented on thin-film photonic band edge lasing using dye-doped low molar mass liquid crystals in the self-organised chiral nematic phase. We show that potentially high Q-factor lasers can be fabricated from these materials by demonstrating that a single mode output with a very narrow linewidth is readily achievable in well-aligned monodomain samples. Moreover, from our investigations we have found that the performance of the laser, i.e. the slope efficiency and the excitation threshold, are dependent upon the physical parameters of the low molar mass liquid crystal. Specifically, the slope efficiency was found to vary from 1% to 12% depending upon the liquid crystalline material employed. Using this information, the important parameters of the host liquid crystal are highlighted. As regards to the functionality, we demonstrate how the wavelength of the laser can be tuned using an in-plane electric field in a direction perpendicular to the helix axis. Finally, for the incoherent lasers, we summarise our findings on random lasers that are fabricated from liquid crystals which exhibit a smectic A* phase.


Abstract Context Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae) is a famous Asian medicine. Ginsenoside Rc is a component isolated from Panax ginseng. Objective This study evaluates the effect of ginsenoside Rc on myocardial ischaemic injury. Materials and methods Male Swiss mice were subcutaneously injected with 50 mg/kg isoproterenol once a day for three days. Ginsenoside Rc (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered 1 h after isoproterenol injection. The mice in the control group were subcutaneously injected with normal saline and intragastrically given 0.5% CMC-Na. CK-MB and troponin T were assayed. Histopathological examination of myocardium was conducted. The expression of Nrf2, GCLC, GCLM and HO-1 in heart tissues was evaluated by Western blot. Results In myocardial ischaemic mice, ginsenoside Rc reduced the levels of CK-MB (197.1 ± 15.7, 189.9 ± 19.0, 184.0 ± 14.4 vs. 221.6 ± 27.9) and troponin T (10.3 ± 1.7, 9.5 ± 1.3, 8.7 ± 1.7 vs. 13.4 ± 2.4). Ginsenoside Rc attenuated the necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration in myocardium. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rc not only decreased the contents of MDA, TNF-α but also increased GSH level in the heart tissues. The expression of Nrf2, GCLC, GCLM and HO-1 was significantly increased in the animals treated with ginsenoside Rc. ML385, an Nrf2 inhibitor, blocked partially the ginsenoside Rc-mediated cardioprotective effect. Ginsenoside Rc attenuated myocardial ischaemic injury in mice, which may be, in part, through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions This study indicated that ginsenoside Rc might be a novel candidate for treatment of myocardial ischaemia.


This paper introduces a two-layer UDP datagram-based network communication framework for developing online mobile games. The communication mechanism consists of a physical layer and a data-link layer with a unified interface. A standalone two-player mobile game, such as a chess game and the like, can be easily plugged on to the communication framework to become a corresponding online version.


A new cicada species, Megapomponia macilenta Lee, sp. nov., is described from Thu Dau Mot, southern Vietnam. Information on geographic distributions of and a revised key to the species of the genus Megapomponia Boulard are provided.


We can count ourselves lucky to live in a country with some of the best healthcare services and facilities in the world. Yet we are often challenged with finding our way through Australia's multifaceted healthcare system, especially when experiencing or helping a loved one with complex and chronic health issues.


Life expectancy is one of the indicators that WHO uses to track changes in public health for a large time periods. In general, in HIV epidemic countries life expectancy had been significantly reduced. For example, in Lesotho, where nearly 25% of the population have HIV, according to WHO data for 2000 year disability-adjusted life expectancy declined to 34.9 years because of this disease. For comparison, in Ukraine it is estimated near 63 years 1.


For many pupils, learning mathematics has been a significant problem. The growth of computer technology, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), offers a solution to this problem by detecting individual students' learning challenges and giving individualized support to help them perform better in mathematics classes. However, there is a dearth of evaluations from a variety of viewpoints to assist researchers, particularly novices, in gaining a comprehensive understanding of AI research in mathematics education. To that end, this study will conduct a bibliometric mapping analysis and systematic review to investigate the role and research trends of AI in mathematics education by searching the Web of Science (WOS) database for relevant articles published in high-quality journals indexed by the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Furthermore, by referring to the technology-based learning model, several aspects of AI in mathematics education research are taken into account, including application domains, participants, research methods, adopted technologies, research issues and AI roles, as well as citation and co-citation relationships. As a result, progress in AI research in mathematics education is presented, and possible study subjects for future research are suggested.


Introduction: Emerging treatments for hyperkalemia (HK) may have favorable effects on the risk:benefit ratio for pts with HTN and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) treated with RAASi. HK develops in ~7-14% of pts with HTN and DKD, which can limit RAASi dosing and potential cardio-renal benefit. Hypothesis: This post hoc analysis from the 52-wk AMETHYST-DN study examined the K + -lowering effect of patiromer, an investigational potassium binding polymer, in resistant HTN (RTN) pts with HK and DKD. Methods: Hypertensive pts with mild (>5.0-5.5 mEq/L) and moderate (>5.5- 140 mmHg on ≥4 classes of antihypertensive medication including a diuretic). Results: In AMETHYST-DN, 79/306 pts (67+7 yrs, 51% male) - 64 with mild HK, mean (±SEM) s-K + 5.18 (0.03) mEq/l, and 15 with moderate HK s-K + 5.77 (0.04) mEq/l - had RTN on RAASI. Mean (±SD) HR and SBP/DBP were 73 (10) bpm and 156 (10) mmHg / 83 (12) mmHg at BL. At BL stage ≥3b CKD was present in 51/79 pts (65%). Significant reductions in s-K + from BL occurred at each time point over the 52 wks /end of therapy (ET) (Figure). Investigators could add/modify non-RAASi antihypertensive medications, without known effect on s-K + , for BP control. Similar to the BP changes observed in the intent-to-treat population, at ET the change in mean (±SD) SBP/DBP was -18 (17) mmHg/ -9.0 (13) mmHg in the RTN group. Mean (±SD) change in eGFR from BL was –2.1 (12) mL/min/1.73m 2 . A total of 5/79 withdrew from study due to a patiromer related AE (hypokalemia 3, constipation 2). Doubling of serum Cr occurred in 7 pts; 1 death occurred during LTMP. Conclusions: Patiromer effectively controlled HK throughout a 52-wk period in a high-risk cohort of RTN pts, which enabled these pts to continue to use RAASi to control BP.


ABSTRACT Crochet models of a hyperbolic plane are very popular as they help to visualize complicated objects in hyperbolic geometry. We present another way to make crochet models as a part of a triangulated plane and also provide an example of a cylinder in hyperbolic space. This approach assists in understanding of various properties of hyperbolic geometry such as the relation between edges and angles in a hyperbolic triangle, tiling of a hyperbolic plane or Nash–Kuiper embedding theorem. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is well-known as an electron transport layer for perovskite solar cells. Here, the influence of mixed PCBM with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as an interlayer on the device performance of perovskite/IGZO phototransistors is investigated. The PMMA:PCBM composite can not only assist to transfer the photo-generated electrons in perovskite thin film to the IGZO transistor (TFT), but also protect the active channel of the IGZO TFT from the undesired damage during the perovskite fabrication process. In order to optimize the performance of phototransistor, the different mixing ratio of PMMA:PCBM precursor was prepared and spin-coated onto the IGZO TFT. It is found that the optimum ratio for PMMA:PCBM hybrid film is 2:1, with which the phototransistor exhibits a max on/off spin-coated of $\sim\mathbf{6}\times\mathbf{10}^{\mathbf{3}}$. In addition, the carrier transportation property and ion blocking effect of the PMMA:PCBM interlayer are discussed.


This is the study done in our Hospital Government Stanley Hospital, Department of General Surgery. The following study is a prospective study, for which ethical clearance was obtained. No. of Patients studied were 50, and consent was taken from all the patients.
The Patients studied were diabetic, which included all types of Type II DM patients on treatment and with foot infections. No individuals with rest pain, or signs suggestive of lower limb critical ischaemia and other causes of peripheral neuropathy or history of reconstructive vascular surgery were taken into consideration. The study period was from January 2013 to December 2013.
After doing thorough history taking and clinical examination, including proprio reception, capillary blood glucose, arterial colour duplex imaging (CDU) and ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) were done in the all the patients.
The sensitivity and specificity of ABPI was compare with CDU.
We concluded that ABPI has high specificity (85.71%) and Low sensitivity (72.72%) has compare to CDU. The overall agreement of ABPI with CDU was poor.


PURPOSE
For traditional geometric calibration, the calibration accuracy relies on both accuracy of geometry phantom manufacture and accuracy of ball bearings (BB) location estimation. In this work, we have developed a method to perform phantom calibration and geometry calibration iteratively and accurately in a whole procedure.

METHODS
We have designed and manufactured a geometry phantom with BB and an evaluation phantom of a crystal ball contained in a cubic gel box. Our calibration method consists of five steps: 1) Estimate BB locations using spiral CT image, which are then used to initialize the particles in Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm; 2) Perform geometric calibration; 3) Reconstruct the images of the evaluation phantom based on the current geometry calibration; 4) Evaluate the reconstructed images using a geometry evaluate index; 5) Update BB locations in PSO algorithm. Repeat step2)-5) until our stopping criteria is met. The edge of the crystal ball in the calibration phantom on CBCT images is detected by Hough transform to define two circular rings outside and inside the ball. The evaluation index used in step 4) is defined as the difference of the averaged image intensities of these two circular rings.

RESULTS
We have demonstrated the feasibility and performance of our method on a benchtop CBCT system. It is observed that inaccurate BB locations lead to severe image distortion and relative small evaluation index. With our method, streak artifacts are reduced and the structure becomes sharper and clearer. The evaluation index increases fast within 10 iterations, and then becomes stable gradually.

CONCLUSION
Our method can perform accurate phantom calibration and geometry calibration together in a whole procedure. It helps to mitigate the impact of the geometry phantom manufacture errors on the calibration, which could hence save the cost of the geometry phantom manufacture.


During drilling of the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well, core temperatures were measured immediately upon recovery in the core-logging trailer. Gas-hydrate-bearing cores were typically frozen, with temperatures as much as 6°C lower than cores containing no gas hydrate. This temperature depression is attributed to the endothermic dissociation of gas hydrate during uphole tripping, and can be used to estimate minimum in situ gas hydrate saturation. Numerical modelling of heat exchange between core and circulating mud during tripping demonstrates that cores cool to mud temperature before leaving the methane hydrate P-T stability field. Simple arguments support the hypothesis that the endothermic heat of gas hydrate dissociation is supplied largely by the release of latent heat during coincident freezing of pore waters. Assuming minimal heat exchange with circulating mud, energy-balance calculations yield estimates of the quantity of gas hydrate lost to dissociation during recovery. These estimates are comparable to the in situ gas hydrate concentrations inferred from downhole geophysical logs. 101 1 Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0E8 2 Geological Survey of Canada (Retired), 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0E8 Résumé : Lors du forage du puits de recherche sur les hydrates de gaz JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38, la température des carottes a été mesurée dans la remorque de diagraphie, immédiatement après leur extraction. Les carottes renfermant des hydrates de gaz étaient généralement gelés et avaient des températures jusqu'à 6 °C inférieures à celles des carottes sans hydrates de gaz. Cette dépression de la température, attribuable à la dissociation endothermique des hydrates de gaz au cours du retour du train de tiges vers la gueule du puits, peut être utilisée pour évaluer la saturation minimale en place en hydrates de gaz. La modélisation numérique de l'échange thermique entre la carotte et la boue circulante au cours du retour du train de tiges montre que les carottes se refroidissent et atteignent la température de la boue avant de quitter le champ de stabilité de pression et de température des hydrates de méthane. Des arguments simples corroborent l'hypothèse selon laquelle la chaleur endothermique de dissociation des hydrates de gaz émane en grande partie de la chaleur latente dégagée au cours de la congélation simultanée de l'eau interstitielle. Les calculs du bilan énergétique, qui partent de l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'échange thermique avec la boue circulante est minimal, fournissent des estimations de la quantité d'hydrates de gaz perdue par dissociation au cours de la récupération. Ces estimations sont comparables à celles des concentrations d'hydrates de gaz en place déduites des diagraphies géophysiques en sondage.


A chrome-tantalum thin film resistor having a chrome-tantalum alloy thin film containing 10 to 95 atomic % of chrome. By subjecting this chrome-tantalum alloy thin film to heat treatment at temperatures not higher than 900 DEG C., a stable resistor can be obtained. Alternatively, by forming the chrome-tantalum alloy thin film on a substrate which is preheated at temperatures not higher than 900 DEG C., the temperature coefficient of resistance of the resistor can be improved so that a stable resistor can be obtained.


Introduction: Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) of the ovary is classified as a sex cord stromal tumor, representing approximately 2-5% of ovarian neoplasms, and adult type accounts 95% of all GCTs, usually occurs in women during 50-55 years old. The most important prognostic factor of this tumor is stage, with 10-year overall survival of 84-95% for stage I tumors, decreasing to 50-65% for stage II tumors, and to 0-22% for stage III and IV disease. Case report: A 56-year-old woman with left side ovarian granulosa cell tumor, at least clinical FIGO stage IIIa, underwent debulking operation on February 23rd, 2002. After surgery, she received four cycles adjuvant chemotherapy with the regimen of Bleomycin, Cisplatin and Etoposide. Then she received postoperative whole-abdomen and pelvis irradiation. The dose was given 2520 cGy in 21 fractions with liver and kidney shielding. After whole-abdomen and pelvis irradiation, she received pelvis boost with the dose of 1980 cGy in 11 fractions. Since then, she was regularly followed at our hospital until now without any signs of tumor recurrence nor tumor progression. Discussion: Until now there is no standard and proven treatment for GCT patients, especially when they suffered from advanced-stage or recurrent unresectable tumors. Complete tumor resection should be considered as the primary treatment. The optimal choice of combination platinum-based chemotherapy is still not well-defined. The role of adjuvant radiation therapy remains controversial. We suggested that adjuvant RT for patients with GCT might improve outcomes in selected patients.


A computer-implemented system and method for identifying a useful untested state of an electronic design parses at least one netlist of representations of an electronic design that is at least partially composed of at least one analog portion; Determining at least one instrumentation point based on at least one netlist, generating at least one instrumented netlist based on at least one instrumentation point, and at least one instrumentation Determining analog verification coverage using the generated netlist.