Purpose: Reports of a glioblastoma arising in a previously irradiated field are rare in the literature, even more so in the conus medullaris of the spinal cord. Method: Case report and review of the literature reporting other radiation-induced intra-medullary glioblastomas. Results: We report a case of glioblastoma of the conus, which subsequently metastasized to the brain, arising in a 45 years old man, nine years after treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma, which had included the administration of 41 Gy to the brain and spinal cord. Conclusion: Despite a well-conducted treatment by several lines of chemotherapy, the pronostic of radiationinduced glioblastoma is poor especially since these patients often cannot benefit from a re-irradiation due to the maximum dose supported by the spinal cord. Implications of cancer survivors: Associations are now established between therapeutic exposures and specific complications but considerable inter-individual variability is observed for a given therapeutic exposure. In this context, identification of genetic susceptibilities for specific treatment-associated late effect is a very promising future approach. Improvement in our knowledge on genetic susceptibilities may help define more personalized primary therapies that weigh treatment efficacy with the risk of late complications.


Objective In this research note, we examine the role scientific knowledge and gender plays in citizen responses to governmental social distancing recommendations Methods Using two waves of the American Trends Panel Survey and a measure of latent scientific knowledge, we test whether scientific knowledge is associated with comfort in participating in social activities during the COVID-19 pandemic within both the full U S population and the two major political parties Results In both the general population and within the Democratic Party, we find that women are generally more likely to use their scientific knowledge to inform their level of comfort with social activities during the COVID-19 pandemic Conclusion These findings shed light on how knowledge and gender intersect to drive compliance with government recommendations and policies during a public health crisis in a deeply partisan America


For certain, one does not need to be a colossal voracious reader as to arriving at what Maya Angelou is driving at in virtually all her works. Of course, Maya is not just a fantastic poet but also a renowned storyteller, a fearless activist, a peculiar autobiographer, a gifted singer and playwright whose works generally provoke some sort of empowering flash of thoughts in that they are mostly soused in a struggle to overcome prejudice and injustice. As a matter of fact, Maya Angelou's works are evidently frontal and a host of them have been literarily torn in and out. Hence they are glaringly a projection of self-awareness even in the face of oppression. It is on this stroke that this present study seeks to dig deep into the most confrontational work of Maya Angelou, her assertive but reliant poem "Still I Rise" so as to come by other extra-linguistic significations therein. And when a study tends to incorporate other varying meanings in a particular data in relation to context, it is, presumably, under the purview of pragmatics whose preoccupation is to accentuate meaning on context basis. But pragmatics is such broad a discipline with several frameworks. Therefore, even though this paper is going to be very much encompassing in the course of this study, its object of attention is to pragmatically study just a fraction of Maya Angelou's works, her poem "Still I Rise" to be precise with a viable context-based theory, Sperber and Wilson's Relevance Theory.


The vertebrate cerebellum develops from the rostral hindbrain and in mammals is responsible for the integration of sensory and proprioceptive inputs in the coordination of motor function. While its cellular composition is highly conserved, it represents one of the most morphologically adaptive structures in the central nervous system of vertebrates, and is thus an excellent model for studying the evolution of CNS development. In particular the foliation of the amniote cerebellum reflects a unique pattern of extra-ventricular cell division within a transient, superficial proliferative layer, the external germinal layer (EGL). Transit amplification of EGL precursors is driven by local sonic hedgehog signalling and yields a vast number of a single cell type, the granule cell, which then migrate radially into an internal granule layer. Recent data from more basal vertebrates suggest that the EGL evolved in the sarcopterygian lineage. Where and how it arose remains unclear. To investigate this we have analysed the molecular anatomy of the developing cerebellum in the frog, Xenopus laevis, and compared it to that of the chick, a representative amniote. Remarkably, the frog cerebellum displays temporally discrete developmental motifs of both anamniote and amniote development but lacks transit amplification in the EGL. From comparative expression analyses, we present a model whereby changing bHLH gene regulation underlies the evolution of a proliferative window with the EGL.


During the LHCb upgrade in 2019/2020, a new detector element will be installed that uses scintillating fibres (SciFi) to detect particle tracks, the so-called SciFi Tracker. To predict its performance, a single fibre simulation has previously been developed with the Geant4 toolkit. The simulation results are compared to measurements in order to tune the simulation parameters and gain an understanding of the underlying fibre properties. This note presents the relevant information obtained so far and new findings concerning the reflection losses in scintillating fibres. c © 2019 CERN for the benefit of the LHCb collaboration. CC-BY-4.0 licence.


This research presents the description of the procedure for the manufacturing the Organolead halide Peroveskite Solar Cells (OPSC). We descried the synthesis organo-lead halide peroveskite materials, MAPbIBr2 and MAPbBrCl2, which employed as absorption layer in OPSCs . Optical properties for the peroveskite materials which used to prepare OPSCs is tested by the measurements the absorbance spectrum in order to calculate the energy gap . X-ray diffraction, AFM microscope and SEM microscope are used in our work to study the structure of the samples. Finally, the tests OPSCs by Light I-V Measurement System are implemented in order to obtained the parameters of the manufacturing devices. The Power Conversion Efficiencies (PCE) of OPSCs are (0.12%) and (0.07%) to the devices have MAPbIBr2 and MAPbBrCl2 as sensitized absorption layer, respectively. Measurements are tested at AM1.5 global sunlight (100 mW cm −2 ) . © 2016 Elixir All rights reserved. Elixir Renewable Energy 98 (2016) 42709-42713 Renewable Energy Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Mahdi Hasan Suhail and Aqel Mashot Jafar / Elixir Renewable Energy 98 (2016) 42709-42713 42710 Where, h is the Planck constant, (α) is the absorption coefficient, ν is the light frequency, Eg is the optical energy gap and B is empirical constant Experimental Composition and crystal structure studied by XRay Diffraction (XRD Shimadzu 6000, Cu-Kα) for USP coating . The surface morphology of sample is studied by investigation of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) (AA3000 Scanning probe microscope, Angstron Advanced Inc.).The difference in the shape of the perovskite crystals studied by images of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) (Bruker Nano GmbH, Germany), analysis is performed by using a magnification 1kx and 5kx, high voltage 5kVand SEM in secondary electron mode . Light I-V Measurement Test Reports are recorded by Photovoltaic measurements system, composed of Oriel I−V test station using an Oriel Solar simulator. The solar simulator is class AAA for spectral performance, uniformity of irradiance, and temporal stability. The solar simulator is equipped with a450 W xenon lamp. The output power is adjusted to match AM1.5 global sunlight (100 mW cm −2 ). I−V curves are obtained by applying an external bias to the cell and measuring the generated photocurrent with a Keithley model 2400 digital source meter .The transmittance of coated films is measured in the wavelength range of (400 800) nm using a (SPECTRO UV/Vis Double Beam (UVD3500) Labomed ,Inc). A blank sample of substrate is used as a reference in the measurement of optical transmittance. Synthesis of Organic Perovskite Materials (OPM) reported in Ref [6,8]. Methylamine Iodide (CH3NH3I) is prepared by reacting Methylamine, 33 wt % in Ethanol (BDHLTD), with Hydro-Iodic acid (HI) 57 wt % in water (BDHLTD) under ice bath stirring for 2 h . Typical quantities employed are 24 ml of Methylamine, 10 ml of HI, and 100 mL of Ethanol .Upon drying at 100 °C, a white powder is formed, which is placed overnight in a vacuum oven before use. Methylamine Bromide is prepared at the same method and previous quantities .To obtain the perovskite solution precursor of MAPbIBr2, we dissolved both the CH3NH3I and the PbBr2 (BDH-LTD) in anhydrous N, N-Di Methyl Formamide (DMF) (Sigma Aldrich) at a 3:1 molar ratio . To obtain the perovskite solution precursor of MAPbBrCl2, we dissolved both the CH3NH3Br and the PbCl2 (BDH-LTD) in anhydrous N, N-Di Methyl Formamide (DMF) (Sigma Aldrich) at a 3:1 molar ratio, with final concentrations of 40 wt % . 10 ml of solutions preparation added to 0.15 g of Nano particle> 30 nm of Al2O3 powder (China of origin) to obtain scaffold peroveskite precursor solution of CH3NH3IPbBr2 and scaffold peroveskite precursor solution of CH3NH3BrPbCl2. TiO2 compact layer preparation is a first fabricated applying Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (AACVD) technique [6,8,9] by using Ultrasonic Atomizer (402AI) with ultrasonic frequency (1.5MHz). The precursor solution, which preparation of Nano particle> 20 nm of TiO2 powder (China of origin) dispersed in ethanol solvent ,is sprayed on per-heated Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) glass substrates of Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) (Coated Sodaline float glass of Visiontek, sheet Resistance 8 Ω/□ ) at 450 o C. Deposited time is 1h and the substrates are left to cold at room temperature, followed by, depositing scaffold peroveskite precursor solution of CH3NH3IPbBr2 or CH3NH3BrPbCl2 , by spin coated at speed 2000 rpm and annealing at 150 o C to obtain 2 samples of (FTO/Compact TiO2/Scaffold CH3NH3IPbBr2 or CH3NH3BrPbCl2) , as shown in figure 2. The temperature of the (FTO/Compact TiO2) coated substrates is monitored by an infrared temperature indicator through the all experimental runs . Fig (2). Inset depicts schematic 2 samples of OPSCs have different perovskite materials. CuI thin films are deposited onto (FTO/Compact TiO2/ScaffoldCH3NH3X3) as a Hole Transport Layer (HTL) at room temperature by sputtering of pure CuI target in argon gas using DC sputtering technique as reported in ref [6]. In these technique, CuI target (99.99 % pure) with dimensions 50 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness is used for the sputtering. The sputter chamber is evacuated by employing diffusion pump and rotary pump combination to achieve base pressure of 3.1 × 10 -5 mbar. Argon of 99.99 % purity is used as reactive and sputtering working pressure of gases of 3.2 × 10 -1 mbar for deposition of the films. The argon gas flow average is 240 Sccm , the 1.8 kV voltage is supplied to the sputter target using DC power supply , the discharge current of sputtering is 17.5 mA , the time of sputtering target is 1 h and active electrode spacing is 4cm . For the counter electrode, thin film of Al with 200nm-thikness deposited on top HTL by a thermal evaporation, where Al evaporated under 10 -5 mbar vacuum condition. Results and Discussions The sample of the mixed halide perovskite structure CH3NH3BrPbI2 film is appeared the peaks of XRD at reflection positions (100), (110), (111) and (200) corresponding with the cubic CH3NH3PbBr3 structure which indicated by ref [10] as shown in fig 3(a) . XRD patterns of the perovskite structure of CH3NH3PbBrCl2 sample is exhibited the cubic CH3NH3PbBr3 phase and can be confirmed by reflections positions of (100) ,(110) ,(111) , (200) and (210) [10] .


A device is developed to decipher common-mode and differential-mode noise from a conducted EMI noise measurement. This device is a useful tool for power supply circuit noise diagnosis and line filter design.


Never forget: America was not settled. It was conquered. It was a conquest that sometimes advanced rapidly and sometimes slowly. But in time, the European population overwhelmed the indigenous population, and once it did that it had a problem. The Indian Problem. This Indian Problem in North America dates from about 1492 to just about now. The problem had many versions: What to do with hostile Indians? What to do with friendly Indians who want to be accepted as part of the United States of America? What to do with poor Indians? What to do with rich Indians? (The Osage Nation is encountering this version of the problem right now, as the Oklahoma state government tries to revoke its reservation status, potentially closing its casinos.) These problems were caused, in part, by the fact that America had been conquered and not "settled/' They were caused by the fact that the original inhabitants were not humanely inte grated into the United States but instead forcibly removed so their lands could be exploited or forc ibly assimilated?so the new Americans would need to change themselves as little as possible to accommodate the original Americans. This is to say American Indians became the targets of an actual and a cultural genocide. Frantz Fanon described a similar process of conquest and colonization in his book The Wretched of the Earth (1963). Although his book is about Africa, the dynamics were much the same in North America.


We describe a fully open‐sourced Python package to process raw X‐ray scattering data using a GANESHA SAXSLAB facility, and review in this manuscript the connection of X‐ray scattering theories with the open‐sourced package. This package affords researchers more flexibility in analyzing and visualizing X‐ray scattering and reflectivity data from what is now a commonplace facility at many universities and research laboratories engaged in polymer research. We briefly review the applications of X‐ray scattering and diffraction, followed by the scattering theories. A pedagogical introduction to processing X‐ray scattering data is provided using the modules in the Python package. We compare conventions to visualize and interpret transmission and grazing‐incidence scattering data using self‐assembled lamellar morphology of bottlebrush copolymers as an example, then describe how area detectors measure specular and off‐specular reflectivity. Examples of in‐house reflectivity and grazing incidence scattering for the metrological examination of a grating are provided, where the full pitch and pitch height of a line pattern is measured easily without needing to simulate the full scattering intensity profile.


A class of recursive quadrature mirror filters (QMFs) of the form H(Z)=N(Z)/D(Z/sup 2/) is proposed for subband coding. These filters can be efficiently designed with the iterative Remez exchange algorithm. Simple modifications are made to the Pei (see IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., vol.CAS-36, no.2, p.311, 1989), Liang, McClellan, and Parks computer program for designing these recursive QMF filters efficiently. The resulting filters totally eliminate the aliasing terms and can achieve almost perfect magnitude reconstruction, with -131.5-dB distortion. A design example is presented to show the effectiveness of this approach. >


These projections are comparatively bullish, but this bullishness seems justified. There are no readily apparent imbalances in the economy so serious that they would cause an early downturn. Inventories are not excessive in relation to current sales and new orders. Although the degree of utilization of labor and capital resources has tightened appreciably in the past year, the large amount of new plant and equipment coming on stream, the continuing growth in the labor force, and hopefully a continued improvement in productivity, should provide the basis for the further expansion projected here. With the added impetus of escalation in Viet Nam, the principal problem will be to prevent aggregate demands in the economy from pressing too strongly upon our productive resources and thus causing serious "overheating.'" A most favorable factor in the business outlook lies in the unusual performance of costs and profits. Not only have aggregate profits risen, but profits expressed as a return on the sales and on the investment dollar are also up substantially. During the past few quarters, however, profits have been levelling out. Even though a slower rate of advance in profits this year is to be expected, there is no convincing reason for believing that profits in total will not show some additional growth in 1966.


We are developing a cooperative learning environment in the subject area of statics that combines hands-on experiments with interactive multimedia in the framework of experiential learning. The project is part of the National Science Foundation's Southeastern University and College Coalition for Engineering Education (SUCCEED), which is committed to a comprehensive revitalization of undergraduate engineering education for the 21st Century. We discuss elements of the workshop environment and illustrate how students are guided through the four stages of experiential learning to discover the method of joints for the analysis of trusses.


This paper studies the extent to which poor institutions compromise risk-sharing. We model a multilateral organization as a social contract that provides insurance to members. Countries privately observe the realization of a performance variable with a verification cost that differs across countries, reflecting the "transparency" of institutions. When the level of transparency is exogenous, the optimal contract provides complete expected risk sharing across countries and states. Poor transparency and enforcement reduce consumption and result in insurance rationing. When a country can increase transparency endogenously, this generates an externality and moral hazard. We first characterize the outcome when the multilateral agency can influence members' institutions by choosing the countries' level of effort. Next we derive a tax/subsidy scheme that can induce countries to choose the socially optimal level.


Dealing with anesthetics' effects is not only the recovery room nurse's JobIt's also something for nurses to do on the surgical and obstetric floors. Here are special Insights for dealing with those effects ... in light of today's modes for anesthesia.


Training-based channel estimation involves probing of the channel in time, frequency, and space by the transmitter with known signals, and estimation of channel parameters from the output signals at the receiver. Traditional training-based methods, often comprising of maximum likelihood estimators, are known to be optimal under the assumption of rich multipath channels. Numerous measurement campaigns have shown, however, that physical multipath channels exhibit a sparse structure in angle-delay-Doppler, especially at large signal space dimensions. In this paper, key ideas from the emerging theory of compressed sensing are leveraged to: (i) propose new methods for efficient estimation of sparse multi-antenna channels, and (ii) show that explicitly accounting for multipath sparsity in channel estimation can result in significant performance improvements when compared with existing training-based methods.


Jamie Greenbaum's study of Chen Jiru MatiA (hao Meigong J2) surveys the life and work of this notable late-Ming intellectual, with a particular focus on his celebrity in his own time and his image in the eyes of posterity, a natural emphasis given the cachet (or notoriety) that has often been attached to his name. You Tong tip(1618-1704), mocking the vogue that Chen's tastes inspired, was to put it this way in the waning years of the seventeenth century: The chair he used was called a "Meigong chair," the fabric he wore was known as "Meigong cloth," the flat cakes he liked were dubbed "Meigong's flat cakes," and the courtesans with whom he consorted were termed "Meigong"s protegees," and these names are quite ridiculous enough. But then there was his chamber pot, open at the bottom to allow him to do his business outdoors, and this came to be known as the "Meigong chamber pot." Doesn"t this leave the old man"s reputation in a bit of a stink?'


One'of the most common forms of memory failure is the phenomenon known as "tip--of-the-tongue" (TOT) , where you can't quite articulate a particular word, even though you know that you know it. In this thesis, strategies for resolving this phenomenon were explored in two experiments in which participants were shown cast photos of popular television shows and required to state the name of the show. Experiment 1 compared the effectiveness of two strategies for resolving TOTs: a phonological strategy that provided participants with the initials of the show, and a semantic strategy, in'which participants were given general semantic cues. It was -found that participants'in a TOT state who used the phonological strategy experienced more resolutions than participants who used the semantic strategy. Experiment 2 further explored the effectivenessof different strategies, by adding an episodic strategy and using a different phonological strategy in which participants supplied their own phonological cues. Contrary to the results from Experiment 1,' the new phonological strategy was not found to be more useful in initial resolution, while there was a'small but nonsignificant advantage of the episodic strategy. The main purpose of


Crime is an act against law and thus is a punishable offence. Crime varies over space and time. Among all crime types, murder is the most cruel and inhumane which do an irreparable damage to the society. Present study attempts to analyse the trend and pattern of homicide and its various determinants. Social heterogeneity and weather- more specifically temperature, are considered to be most influencing in catalysing aggression and murder. The study tries to evaluate the linkages between these factors by examining the correlation between homicide and income and poverty level, level of urbanisation, and temperature in India over a 13-year span of time. Results show that while poverty, urbanisation and income level do not affect the homicide significantly in unidirectional manner, temperature does affects the pattern of murder incidences. Interestingly the regions which have witnessed warming trend during the past decade, are also the areas of high and increasing homicide rates.


23Na MAS NMR and 23Na 2D MQMAS NMR spectra of dehydrated NaY zeolite with different Si/Al ratios were analyzed. Particularly, the cation distribution was examined in both as synthesized NaY with a Si/Al ratio of 2.7 and a dealuminated NaY with a framework Si/Al ratio of 8.6, prepared by ion-exchange of a dealuminated NH4Y zeolite CBV712. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first experimental investigation of the cation distribution in dealuminated NaY. Careful analysis of 23Na MAS NMR and 23Na 2D MQMAS NMR spectra of dealuminated NaY revealed the occupation of at least three different sites, contrary to what was expected from previous computational studies where site II was the only occupied site. Moreover, two new features could be observed. First, a split of the contribution of site I into two relatively close and similar narrow peaks in the MQMAS NMR spectra, and second a new narrow signal, interpreted in terms of fast cation movement inside the sodalite cage. This work also allows a clear ident...


This paper presents a new adaptive quantization scheme for subband video coding using wavelets. The authors aim at designing a quantization that is both signal adaptive and scene adaptive. By scene adaptive, the authors mean that the quantization is able to shift its bit allocation to perceptually more important coefficients so that the preservation of scene structure can be achieved. This new quantization scheme is based on the principle of adaptive clustering with spatial neighborhood constraints characterized by the Gibbs random field. With such spatial constraints, it is able to reach beyond the limit of the traditional simple statistical models that all lack of scene adaptivity. In addition, the dynamically enforced spatial constraints are able to overcome the artificial block division which is often the major source of distortion when coding at low bit rate. The authors have successfully applied this scheme to videoconferencing and obtained very favorable results. The authors believe that this new adaptive quantization will have an impact on many other applications because it is able to perform simultaneously signal adaptive and scene adaptive quantization.


In this article we introduce an examination of the relevance of ethics to poverty reduction. Ethics examines the nature and scope of institutions as the deepest level of analysis. The ethics of poverty is understood as the principles and processes of justification employed to justify assisting people in poverty. We start by distinguishing and discussing three issues that are of importance for an ethical reflection on poverty reduction: the definitions of poverty and poverty reduction, the normative background theories of poverty reduction and results of institution's activities of poverty reduction. After discussing these we present a brief overview of ethical perspectives are relevant to poverty reduction.


Objective: The clinical course > 6 months after the initiation of linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes was compared among the groups divided by their renal function. Methods: Two hundred and sixteen Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with 5 mg once daily linagliptin were studied as the treated set. One hundred and forty-five subjects whose medications were not changed during the observation period were investigated as the full analysis set to assess the effectiveness. The subjects were divided into three groups based on an eGFR: eGFR ≥ 60, 59 – 45 and < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2. The parameters were analyzed separately in the patients receiving monotherapy and additional therapy of linagliptin. Results: The HbA1c (NGSP) levels significantly improved in both the patients receiving monotherapy and additional therapy. The changes in the HbA1c levels at 6 months were not significantly different between the groups with an eGFR ≥ 60, 59 – 45 and < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2 receiving monotherapy (−1.0, −0.8 and −0.8%, respectively). Similarly, those were not significantly different between the different groups receiving additional therapy (−0.6, −0.5 and −0.7%, respectively). Conclusions: Linagliptin is considered to be effective for patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment in the present analysis performed at our institution.


List of illustrations list of tables list of figures list of maps list of abbreviations Introduction: Miners and Historians Part I: Ownership and Governance 1867-1889: Diggers' democracy Miners' oligarchy Company consolidation Part II: From Monopoly to Cartel 1890-1919: Production and marketing: De Beers Consolidated Mines and the Diamond Syndicate A colonial company: Growth and diversification Monopoly challenged: Premier (Transvaal) German South West Africa Diamonds in wartime Part III: Intervention and accomodation 1920-1945: `A wedge into the syndicate' Alluvial mining Crisis and reconstruction Strategic mineral Conclusion Appendices List of Sources used Index


Earth observations through satellites are the basis for integrated scientific assessments of global environmental change. Institutional arrangements to coordinate these efforts have recognized data harmonization as essential toward achieving this end. The goal of data harmonization is to achieve compatibility of data polices among the various satellite platforms and programs. This paper discusses the issue of harmonization and assesses the variables of concern to harmonization on a comparative basis through an examination of Earth observation satellite programs in the United States and Europe. INTRODUCTION The goal of global change research and monitoring programs is to provide scientific information about the Earth system. It is this information that allows for decision-makers to formulate policies directed at managing global environmental problems. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of the Earth system requires a large-scale collection of environmental data on the atmosphere, oceans, and biosphere. An essential part of this data collection effort is to provide global data sets of the Earth through satellite observations. The issue of harmonization of Earth observation (EO) data represents one of the major problems that global change scientists face to reach this end. Harmonization involves the scientific, technical, and political coordination of EO science missions. The realization of harmonization is complicated by the fact that there are a number of EO platforms that provide environmental data. According to the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS), there are over sixty Earth observation satellite missions operating and approximately ninety missions planned within the next fifteen years that will produce terabytes of data. Given this plethora of EO missions and data, a key challenge for harmonization concerns the extent to which the different data policy interests of the numerous national space agencies and organizations, which provide the EO platforms and data, are compatible. Even though data policies are designed to promote the scientific utility of EO data, national political interests and organizational factors place unintentional barriers to this end. These barriers diminish the utilization of the data for scientific studies. Overcoming political and organizational barriers requires coherence among the different EO data policies. Despite the fact that there is no single international agency or multilateral legal regime to achieve data policy coherence, there is coordination to harmonize EO data at the international level, such as exemplified by the work of CEOS. This paper, first, addresses how the harmonization concept is viewed and interpreted by relevant international organizations and the U.S. The paper then proceeds to examine the political issues of harmonization related to data policies, which encompass the variables of data access, data preservation, data protection, and data standards. Following this discussion domestic and international variables that influence harmonization are analyzed. These variables are assessed on a comparative basis through an examination of Earth observation data polices in the U.S. and Europe. 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law 29 September 3 October 2003, Bremen, Germany IAC-03-B.1.08 Copyright © 2003 by the author(s). Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. Released to IAF/IAA/AIAA to publish in all forms. 2 HARMONIZATION CONCEPT Harmonization is recognized as essential towards achieving the integrated scientific assessments of the global environment by a number of international organizations, which include CEOS and the former International Earth Observing System (IEOS), global observation systems and strategies, such as Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) and the Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS), and by the U.S. The relevant views on harmonization of each of these actors are discussed below. Harmonization is either explicitly stated as a goal, particularly in the realm of data preservation, or implied from the common views that the actors hold with regard to variables that affect harmonization. Explicit Harmonization. CEOS explicitly states the need for harmonization of EO data in its formal Data Exchange Principles (DEPs) for global change research— "...criteria and priorities for data acquisition, archiving and purging should be harmonized." The need for harmonization is further developed in CEOS DEPs that promote use of EO data— "...criteria and priorities for data acquisition, processing, distribution, preservation, archiving, and purging should be harmonized to take into account the needs of users for data..." These statements illustrate that CEOS views harmonization as a technical issue dealing with the goal of long-term preservation of EO data. Specifically, CEOS views harmonization as achieving coherence among the criteria for data acquisition and archiving. To implement this, the CEOS Working Group on Information Systems and Services (WGISS) functions as the 'harmonization' group for data generated by Earth observing satellites and other sources. This group deals with efforts for achieving Albeit the European Space Agency (ESA) is committed to the concept of harmonization, it should be noted that there are no explicit or even implied statements in ESA's data policies that deal with harmonization. coherent data preservation and archiving systems, and for common data formats and standards. The view of IEOS on harmonization was similar to that of CEOS. IEOS, in its drafted


Video services are flourishing, and the same content might be hosted by different websites. A user typically does not care about which provider provides the service to him/her but rather the quality of the service. However, the network condition is not stable and it is hard to obtain the service performance in real time during the online service. Therefore, it is very important to understand the potential characteristics of video services and design the predictors to forecast the service performance. In our work, we design a measurement system deployed in 11 provinces and cities in China, monitor and analyze two popular websites, Youku and Tudou. Based on the analysis of the measured data, we see that the performance trend of two service providers has the diurnal pattern, and the worst performance is typically during the prime time, 8 - 9 pm. To understand the service structure of the website, the underlying CDN architecture is studied and the performance impact factors are analyzed. For performance forecasting, a modified time series model is proposed and evaluated, which shows that it can obtain obvious better performance than baseline models. Moreover, a new predictor by combining different information sources is designed, which can improve the forecasting precision significantly, and it may be useful in service source analyzing and recommendation systems in the future.


Travellers should take precautions against tick-borne encephalitis if travelling to forested areas of the world where the disease is endemic. Karen Howell explains the nature of the disease and ways to prevent it.


The article considers the traditional kitchen utensils of the Mordvinians residing in the Republic of Mordovia, Siberia and Far East. On the basis of field ethnographical material, museum collections and published sources the authors describe the Mordvinians' traditional kitchen utensils, present their relative classification in relation to stuff. Nowadays the national kinds of utensils and tableware are almost not used and represented as relicts. Changes in kitchen utensils were connected with socio-economic and cultural transformations in the life of the Mordvinians.


With the recent development of new altitude training methods (Millet et al., 2013; Girard et al., 2017), the question of the specific central and peripheral adaptations to high-intensity exercise in hypoxia is now crucial...


ABSTRAK Aflahah, Noor . 2018. The Quality of "Your English Partner A+" Textbook: Lecturers and Students' Perspectives.  Thesis, English Language Teaching, Graduate Program, State University of Malang. Advisors: (1) Dr. Sri Rachmajanti, Dip. TESL., M. Pd. (II) Dr. EkaningDewantiLaksmi, M. Pd. M.A Key Words: English textbook, textbook evaluation, lecturers' perspectives, students' perspective The goal of this study was to examine the quality of "Your English Partner A+" textbook based on lecturers' perspectives in terms of general appearance, layout and design, visual, book and aim approach, book approach, teaching aids, teaching method, lecturer's book, subject and content, exercise, social and cultural content, listening, speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation and also students' perspectives in terms of book aim and approach, language component, language skills, exercises, topic content, social and cultural content, layout and design and supplementary materials. The researcher utilized quantitative evaluation as research method in this study. Textbook evaluation sheet and student's questionnaire were used as research instrument. The textbook evaluation sheet was adapted from AbdelWahab (2013) Cunningsworth (1995), and Ur (1991) notions.  The textbook evaluation sheet was used to gain information about the quality of textbook based n lecturers' perspective. It was filled in by 9 lecturers of Language Development Center of UIN Antasari Banjarmasin. While to gain information from students' perspective, the researcher constructed students' questionnaire based on Cunningsworth (1995) and Ur (1991).  The students' questionnaire was filled by 300 students of Language Development Center of UIN Antasari Banjarmasin. It could be concluded that "Your English Partner A+" textbook was qualified as good by obtaining 72.25 out of 100 score from the lecturers. In terms of students' perspectives, each of statements in the questionnaire gained more than 80% agreement. The students thought the textbook was enriching their knowledge to use English properly, interesting textbook and easy to understand the content. However, the students thought the textbook was not durable and did not have glossary. The textbook also was too big and did not offer the students listening audio materials. Some suggestions are proposed by the researcher to make betterment of "Your English Partner A+" textbook. For lecturers who utilize the textbook in classroom, considering the textbook weaknesses, they should supplement or omit the materials and they also could adapt or adopt from other materials outside the textbook. The suggestion for "Your English Partner A+" textbook writers are they should develop the textbook materials based on communicative learning approach, considerate its quality production and complete the supplementary materials. The last suggestion went to future researchers. Since this study was performed after three months "Your English Partner A+" textbook was employed into classroom practices, further researchers could conduct after the textbook was used to portray students' perspectives comprehensively. Furthermore, the researcher involved students who are from non EFL program as participants of the study. In addition, the researcher did not perform textbook evaluation simulation after training the students. Consequently, they had lack of knowledge on textbook evaluation. Future researcher is suggested to involve students from EFL program, to evaluate the textbook in order to see the clarity of textbook quality or perform textbook evaluation simulation for non EFL students. The result of this study can be as reference for research on textbook evaluation towards the textbook which is specifically used by particular language institutions. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the continued adherence to "standing" rules of thumb for the percentage of pre-retirement income which should be available to retirees. Design/methodology/approach - – An analysis of census data to determine both the cause and magnitude of the debt load which retirees are carrying into their post-working years. Findings - – The "standing" rules of thumb appear to provide less than adequate levels of income for retirees to service their continuing debt load which they have chosen to carry into their retirement years. Research limitations/implications - – Census data are subject to the accuracy of "captured information" provided by the surveyed individuals. In this case, the information captured is consistent with generally reported data on the sufficiency of retirement income. Practical implications - – Financial planners need to "get the word out early" that individuals need to consider earlier/greater funding of their anticipated retirement income. Social implications - – Rising retirees may be "precluded" from retiring as anticipated because of the insufficiency of the replacement income they will have during their retirement years. Originality/value - – Detailed census data have not been reviewed in detail with a focus on "individual debt load" as we have performed in this research study.


Variance is a common risk measure used for constructing portfolios. However, variance strictly depends on the assumptions that the returns of assets are not normally distributed or investor's function is quadratic. Moreover, variance not only penalises the downside deviations below the mean return but also the upside deviation, variance, thus, does not match investor's desire to maximise the upside deviation and minimise the downside deviation. The objective of this paper is to propose a new four moment mean-conditional-value-at-risk-skewness-kurtosis model and empirically test the model. In this proposed model, variance is replaced with conditional value at risk as the risk measure. The polynomial goal programming method is used in this study as it is flexible to incorporate different degree of investor's preference on mean, skewness and kurtosis. Results of this study demonstrate that the mean-CVaR-skewness-kurtosis model gives higher mean return and skewness and provides better performance than the mean-variance-skewness-kurtosis model for all combinations of degree of preferences. This implies that CVaR is a better risk measure than variance in portfolio optimisation.


PURPOSE: A composition containing glyceollin for preventing and treating climacteric symptom is provided to ensure antioxidation and estrogen-like activity. CONSTITUTION: A composition for preventing and treating climacteric symptom contains glyceollin compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient. The glyceollin compound is glyceollin I, II or III of chemical formula I, II or III. A composition for preventing and treating climacteric symptom contains extract isolated using water or organic solvent. A food or drug for preventing and treating climacteric symptom contains glyceolin compound-containing composition.


Ice formation and accumulation on surfaces can result in severe problems for solar photovoltaics, offshore oil platforms, wind turbines, and aircra. Practical adoption of icephobic surfaces requires mechanical robustness and stability under the harsh real-world environments. Here we design an icephobic surface using a bilayer strategy, optimizing the base layer for mechanical properties, while the top layer provides the desired high receding water contact angle (WCA). Both layers are formed sequentially Thin films of bilayer poly(divinyl benzene) p(DVB)/poly(perfluorodecylacrylate) (p-PFDA) are synthesized via iCVD on steel and silicon substrates. Nanomechanical measurements reveal that the elastic modulus and hardness of the films are enhanced through the bilayer structure and that the adhesion of the films to the substrate is improved via in situ grafting mechanism. The strength of ice adhesion to the treated surfaces is reduced more than six-fold when the substrates are coated with these bilayer polymer networks.


An analytical model that considers the static behaviour of weighing cells based on the principle of electromagnetic force compensation (EMFC) is presented. With this model, adjustment strategies for the stiffness and tilt sensitivity of EMFC weighing cells are derived. These parameters are known as limiting factors for the achievable sensitivity and measurement uncertainty respectively. In order to obtain the analytical equations of the system, linear and rigid-body behaviour is assumed. The results obtained with the model are compared with results from multi-body simulations. It is shown that, for the considered model, an optimum design that eliminates the tilt sensitivity of the weighing cell while minimizing its stiffness exists.


The utility model relates to a bolt assembling system of a touch panel. The bolt assembling system comprises a sensing unit (12), a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) (20) and a bolt assembling unit (30), wherein the sensing unit senses identification information of the touch panel, and outputs an identification sensing signal; the PLC includes an input end (22) and an output end (24); the input end can receive the identification sensing signal; the PLC outputs a control signal at the output end according to the signal received by the input end; the bolt assembling unit includes an assembling mechanism (34) and a state output end (32); the assembling mechanism can assemble bolts on the touch panel according to the control signal at the output end of the PLC; the state output end can output the state signal of the assembling mechanism to the input end of the PLC. The bolt assembling system disclosed by the utility model realizes the bolt assembly of the touch panel with simple structures.


In recent decades, governments of different persuasions have tended to indulge in a new "initiation ritual" on their entry to the White Hall. The ritual is planning-bashing. Since the first planning Act came into force in 1947, planners have been frequently blamed for everything that has ever gone wrong particularly with the economy. Strikingly similar assertions have been used by governments to describe the perceived and actual deficiencies of the planning system and to justify its reform. In the 2000s, the pace of reforms reached a record breaking height as planning experienced three "radical" changes in 2004, 2008 and 20ii. The latter was initiated as soon as the Liberal Democrat-Conservative Coalition Government took office in May 2010. Like many of their predecessors, they demonised planning as being the "enemy of enterprise" and stifling wealth creation. This, of course, is not the first time that a center-right government attempts to follow its political preference for smaller state, greater market freedom, deregulation and narrower scope for the planning system. Mrs. Thatcher did that in the 1980s. However, while she did it under the banner of, "there is no such thing as a society", the new Coalition Government is doing it in the name of "Big Society" and "Localism". This is powerful rhetoric which can easily obscure the underlying neo-liberal motivation for change. The reform has now been legislated in the Localism Act 2011. The main provisions of the Act fall under four headings (DCLG 2011a, p. 6) 1. "New freedoms and flexibilities for local government 2. New rights and powers for communities and individuals 3. Reform to make the planning system more democratic and more effective 4. Reform to ensure that decisions about housing are taken locally" For the sake of brevity, I will focus on the third heading and more specifically on three major changes to the planning system: the abolition of the Regional Strategies, the introduction of the Neighborhood Planning, and the publication of the Draft National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF).


An asymmetric supercapacitor, exploiting ultra-high density aligned activated graphene flakes as the positive electrode and nm-scale conformal coating of a conducting polymer poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) on aligned carbon nanotubes as the negative electrode, is introduced. By complementary tailoring of the asymmetric electrodes, the layered device exhibits a wide 4 V electrochemical window, with the highest power density (149 kW L−1) and energy density (113 Wh L−1) reported thus far for carbon-based supercapacitors.


Industrial circulating cooling water contains a large amount of low-quality energy, which is lost to the environment through cooling towers. It is of great significance and potential to recover the waste heat to improve energy-saving effects and economic efficiency. However, the effect of common water harvesting and energy saving devices is not significant. Heat pumps have been shown to be effective in improving low-quality heat energy in energy conversion systems, although there are not many applications of heat pump scenarios in engineering practice. Based on this, a recovery solution of circulating cooling water waste heat and water resource using lithium bromide absorption heat pump has been put forward. The energy-saving performance of the recovery system was simulated and analyzed using Aspen Plus V10.0 (Bedford, MA, USA) to explore the effects of the parameters of the working medium in evaporators, condensers, absorbers, generators, heat exchangers, etc., and the modelling results indicated that the evaporation pressure and temperature have a great influence on the system COP (coefficient of performance) and can raise the thermal economy of the system. The heat from driving steam and heating capacity both increased with the increase in generating temperature, while the increase in temperature difference between evaporation and condensation inhibits the COP of heat pump systems. Furthermore, economic analyses and comparisons of the recovery solutions were conducted and the recovery solution of circulating cooling water waste heat with heat pump had the best economic performance due to the annual income from the recovery of waste heat and water resource. The static payback period results indicate that the recovery solution from circulating cooling water waste heat with a heat pump has better economic performance than the scenario with a cooling tower. The waste heat recovery solution with a heat pump can improve the thermal economy of the system and has a great guiding significance for engineering practice.


Industry 4.0 technologies may provide great improvements in the productive environment of continuous chemical industries. For example, the availability of real-time data management improves unit operations integration in process intensification. This improvements provide increased profitability, safety, sustainability and fault prediction capability. However, the sector presents specific obstacles in deploying 4.0 technologies because of its intrinsic complexity. This paper objective is to identify the sector-specific difficulties and Critical Success Factors when implementing Industry 4.0 technologies. A comprehensive systematic literature review with content analysis was carried out . Among the emerging necessities identified, the need to simplify complex systems and intensify operations is highlighted. The literature also converges on the urgency for developing reliable systems for adverse event management and assessment models for health, safety and environmental management. This paper is therefore both a tool for managers who seek information when implementing 4.0 technologies and researchers who may be looking for new topics in this area. Future research opportunities in the area are also presented.


those produced by x-irradiation, the above result and further experiments producing mutations with neutrons may lead to new conclusions regarding the interaction of radiation ions with genes and hence of the size and structure of the gene. It is interesting to note that the ratio of effectiveness (5 or 6 to 1) for the effects on mature sperm of neutron as compared with x-irradiation is comparable to that for carcinoma cells (5 or 6 to 1), and actively sprouting seedlings (5 to 1), but greater than that for Drosophila eggs (2.1 to 1), for fern spores (2.5 to 1) and normal mice (4 to 1), all of which were dosed by the same method. The action on mature sperm measured in the experiments here described is one in which chromosome changes probably are much the most important element. It may be possible by further study of ratios of effectiveness to determine the cell element which first breaks down under irradiation in any given case. Results obtained in later generations will be reported in a subsequent paper. We appreciate the interest and cooperation of both Professor Ernest 0. Lawrence and Dr. John H. Lawrence. One of us (P. C. A.) participated in this work as a Fellow in Radiation Studies supported by the Christine Breon Fund of the University of California Medical School. This investigation has been aided by grants from the Josiah Macy, Jr., Foundation and the Committee on Radiation of the National Research Council. 1-Lawrence, J. H., and Lawrence, E. O., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 22, 124-133 (1936). 2 Lawrence, J. H., Aebersold, P. C., and Lawrence, E. O., Ibid., 22, 543-557 (1936). 3 Zirkle, R. E., and Aebersold, P. C., Ibid., 22, 134-138 (1936). 4Zirkle, R. E., Aebersold, P. C., and Dempster, E. R., Am. Jour. Cancer, 29, 556-562 (1937). 5 Whiting, P. W., Science, 84, 68 (1936). 6 Snell, G. D., Jour. Exptl. Zool., 65, 421-441 (1933).


In H.264/AVC intra-frame coding, the rate-distortion optimization (RDO) is employed to select the optimal coding mode to achieve the minimum rate-distortion cost. Due to a large number of combinations of coding modes, the computational burden becomes extremely high in intra-prediction. In this paper, we propose two fast, efficient but reliable direction detection algorithms by computing subblock and pixel direction differences. Both proposed methods effectively estimate the edge direction inside the block to narrow down the predictive modes to reduce the RDO computation. Experimental results show that the proposed methods can reduce the encoding time by about 60% with negligible loss of coding performance. For hardware realization, a fast mode decision VLSI circuit for intra-prediction with the silicon core size of 0.12 times 0.12 mm2 at 0.18-mum CMOS technology is implemented. The fast mode decision VLSI in three-stage pipelined architecture operated at 173 MHz can encode 30 fps real-time videos up to Level 5.


CONDUCT control may be represented as a continuous scale between the extremes of near-sighted and far-sighted control according to whether the satisfactions are more personal and immediate or more inclusive and permanent. The early nearsighted control seems to be related largely to the primitive language of gesture, facial expression, interjection, etc. The spoken word seems to enter into this relationship to the extent that it is frequently and consistently used with the same affective meanings in immediate and personal satisfaction. Gradually the satisfactions come to include deferred and social values, and far-sighted control develops as he self itself grows.


A signal transmission system for transmitting digital signals - at least one transmission line - a transmitter (61, 63) for transmitting of characters; - and a receiver (62) for receiving the transmitted characters, in which to reduce energy consumption: - a terminating resistor (3, 4) at one or both ends of the signal transmission line (2) is provided, which is set to a value greater than a characteristic impedance of the signal transmission line (2) and / or - at least one resistor (7) is provided in series with the signal transmission line (2), - so that the inherent response time with a voltage signal of a character on the transmission line (2) during a transmission along the transmission line (2) responds, approximately equal to or greater than the length of a transmitted character, - wherein a determination unit (42) is used to predict the inter-symbol interference from previously received signals to detect a partial response of the transmission line by subtracting the predicted intersymbol interference value from a currently received signal voltage.


The investigations were carried out to find out the feasibility of two biofertilizers either alone or in combination with FYM and different levels of NPK fertilisers in okra. Application of Azospirillum or Azotobacter supplemented with 15 t FYM/ha and 25–12.5–12.5 kg N, P2O5, K2O/ha to okra was found to be more beneficial for sustaining higher growth and yield of crop and promoting inherent fertility status of soil in medium land of Dankuni basin.


Over the past decade, the topic of spiritual formation has been increasingly discussed in Chinese Protestant churches and courses on Christian spirituality and spiritual formation have been taught in many theological seminaries. In this paper, I suggest an approach to studying traditional Christian spiritual classics. This approach engages the experience, the background and the anthropological foundation of the authors of those spiritual classics. It also tackles the main thoughts and the main thoughts and the mode of spiritual formation in the text, and their insights to contemporary spiritual formation. This paper is an attempt to introduce one of the Christian classics, Ignatius's Spiritual Exercises, to Chinese churches. Here, I investigate Ignatius's approach to spiritual formation and his Christ-centered anthropology as set out in the Spiritual Exercises. I analyze this topic through three main themes; Ignatius's individual experience of spiritual formation in his "pilgrimage of the imitation of Christ", Ignatius's description of his Christ-centered anthropology and its structure. Finally, I conclude that Ignatius's approach to spiritual formation through the imitation of Christ has to be understood through his Christ-centered anthropology. In this investigation, I demonstrate that Christian spiritual classics are an important resource for contemporary spiritual formation and Ignatius's holistic approach to spiritual formation can provide insights for contemporary churches.


Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) control numerous processes in developing and adult organisms by binding to receptors on various cell types. The signals are relayed to the nucleus by signaling molecules called Smads. How the Smads are recruited to BMP receptors has been difficult to establish. In


A total of 1500g of the fresh minced chicken fillet was purchased from butcher shops in El Menofiya Governorate and directly transferred to the laboratory under complete aseptic condition. Experimental trials were pointed toward the ability to control the outgrowth of Staph aureus in chicken fillet using Nigella sativa oil (0.1% and 0.5%) and rosemary oil (0.1% and 0.5%). The sample was divided into 5 groups. All groups were injected with Staph. aureus reference strain (ATCC ® 25923) and the initial load was 2.6 x 10 7 ± 1.04 x 10 7 cfu/g. Control group was inoculated with the tested culture and was stored without treatment with oils. Both oils reduced Staph. aureus levels significantly from zero day till 6 th day in the following order: Nigella sativa 0.5% > Nigella sativa 0.1% > Rosemary 0.5% > Rosemary 0.1%. In contrast in the control group, the count increased rapidly till the 4th day of the treatment. Moreover, both oils improved the overall acceptability and prolonged the shelf life of treated samples as it remains without putrefactive changes till 6 th day in comparison with control samples which remain without putrefactive changes till 4 th day only. Finally, it can be concluded that essential oils possess significant antibacterial activity against the Staph. aureus and increases with increasing their concentration.


A novel design of a dual-mode meander square ring resonator with two open stubs for a wide band-pass filter is presented. The input and output of the filter use a direct feed, then the filter exhibits bandstop behavior. When two open stubs are connected to the location opposite to the ports, a wide passband and sharp rejections are created for the filters. Four identical branches are loaded as capacitance on the outside corner of the mender loop resonator, and the miniaturization design of the filter is realized. Simulated results show that the center frequency of the filter is 4.72GHz and the relative bandwidth is 43% .The insertion loss is less than 1dB and return loss is more than l3dB.Four transmission zeros are found in both the lower and upper stopbands, so the filter exhibits sharp attenuations near the passband.


One of the silver linings in the horror of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the evolution and proliferation of telemedicine. According to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, "Telehealth, telemedicine, and related terms generally refer to the exchange of medical information from one site to another through electronic communication to improve a patient's health" (1). Since the start of the pandemic, telemedicine services have proliferated. The American Academy of Family Physicians estimated that the rates of telemedicine among its membership …


The utility model discloses a bi-rotor motor oil way cooling device which comprises a bi-rotor motor and an oil tank equipped with cooling mediums; the inner portion of the side surface of an outer stator housing is provided a cavity; an end cover is provided with a second through hole; the outer stator housing is provided with a third through hole; an oil incoming port of the cavity is communicated with an oil outgoing port of the oil tank through the second through hole; and the third through hole is communicated with the oil outgoing port of the cavity, the oil incoming port of the oil tank and first through holes. The bi-rotor motor oil way cooling device adopts the mode that the two paths of cooling mediums are connected in parallel to cool an inner rotor and an outer stator of the bi-rotor motor respectively, so that the defect of large temperature gradient between the cooling mediums and a heat source is effectively overcome, cooling speed is fast, and the heat radiation cooling effect of the bi-rotor motor is improved.


FCC unit flue gas pipeline high working temperature,gas composition and more complex,created a flue gas line pipe failure form,was varied.By addressing the fault failure occurred more than once over the years,analysis was limited stress corrosion and fittings caused by the failure,and the measures and suggestions for future improvements were puts forward.


In this paper, we prove the Smulian s theorem on Frechet differentiability of norm,and present some of its geometric results concerning the Gateaux and Frechet differentiability of norm and properties of the allied space and its dual such as reflexivity and strict convexity.


Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, life-threatening acquired hematopoietic stem cell disorder resulting from the somatic mutation of the X-linked phosphatidylinositol-glycan complementation class A (PIG-A) gene (1–4). In normal individuals, this gene encodes an enzyme involved in the first stage of glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis. In PNH, as a result of the mutation(s) in the PIG-A gene, there is a partial or absolute inability to make GPI-anchored proteins, including complement-defense structures such as CD55 and CD59 on red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) (5–8). Absence of CD59 in particular (9, 10) and CD55 on RBCs is largely responsible for intravascular hemolysis associated with clinical PNH (reviewed in reference 11).


From the perspective of symbolic interactionism,the links between teachers' emotional labor and their professional practices ought to be explored on three levels:self,interpersonal interaction and society.First,self is the locus of teacher emotion.Teachers' emotional labor can be considered as the presentation of self in which teachers use feelings and emotions to manage their impression on others.Second,the social factor influencing teachers' emotional labor can be detected in their interaction with others and the situations in which the interaction happens.Finally,the interaction between social structure and individual agency can be understood in the relationship between the emotional rules for teaching profession and teachers' emotional coping strategies.


In the present study two series of novel Indolo pteridine derivatives containing substituted benzimidazole moiety were synthesized. The first series were synthesized by condensing isatin with 2, 4, 5-triamino-6-hydroxy pyrimidine and subsequently reacting the resulting compound with 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole and its derivatives and the second series by condensing isatin and its derivatives with 2, 4, 5-triamino-6-hydroxy pyrimidine and subsequently reacting the resulting compounds with 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole. These newly synthesized compounds were structurally confirmed by spectral data and are evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Among the compounds synthesized, compound 3d exhibited marked potency as antimicrobial agent. The toxicity profiles of these compounds were studied using computational techniques.


The search for elementary particles is as old as science itself. It is always the most advanced part of physics which strives for an understanding of the fundamental constituents of matter. As physics progressed, the search for elementary particles moved on from chemistry to atomic physics, and then to nuclear physics. Not much more than a decade ago it separated from nuclear physics and became a new field, dealing no longer with the structure of atomic nuclei but with the structure of the constituents of nuclei, the protons and neutrons, and also with the structure of electrons and similar particles. This field is often referred to as high-energy physics because in it beams of particles of extremely high energy are needed for most of the relevant experiments. The purpose of this article is to present a bird's-eye view of the new aspects which elementary particle research has recently created and to show how they fit into the framework of physics of this century.


Taking inspiration from the brain, neuromorphic computing promises to actualize the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by providing a path for ultra-low power AI implementation. Moreover, mimicking the complex and advanced properties of the brain can deliver a more powerful form of computation than is currently available. Here, we design and simulate a novel artificial neuron that incorporates two advanced neural behaviors: oscillatory dynamics and neuromodulation. Neuromodulation is the self-adaptive ability of a neuron to regulate its dynamics in response to its environment and contextual cues. The artificial neuron is implemented with a lattice of five magnetic skyrmions in a bilayer of insulating thulium iron garnet (TmIG) and platinum (Pt). The oscillatory dynamics of the coupled skyrmions has a multi-frequent spectrum which provides the neuron with a rich basis for information representation. Neuromodulation is enabled by the reconfigurability of the skyrmion lattice: individual skyrmions can be manipulated by electrical currents to change their arrangement in the lattice, which shifts the resonant frequencies and modulates the amplitudes of oscillatory outputs of the neuron in response to the same external excitation. Bio-mimicking dynamics such as bursting are shown. The results can be used to implement advanced neuromorphic applications including burst-coding, motion detection, cognition, brain-machine interfaces and attention-based learning.


In the 1970s, W.-T. Wu [ 6 ] proved by means of algebraic topology that a given graph is planar if and only if an equation system on GF(2) has a solution. Y. Liu [2] simplified Wu's result greatly by employing the depth-first spanning tree. Let T be a spanning tree on G ( V, E ) . Call T a depth-first spanning tree [ 3 ] if it has the following properties: there exists for the edge set E a unique orientation, denoted by e = ( u , u ) representing from vertex u to vertex u, and a labeling of the vertex set V, denoted by L ( u ) , such that (1) L ( u ) < L ( u ) if e is a tree edge; (2) L ( u ) > L(u) if e is a cotree edge; and (3) for each cotree edge e = ( u , u ) , there is a unique directed path, P ( u , u ) , on T from u to u. Denote by T(G) the set of all depth-first spanning trees of C . A T-immersion of G is a representation of G on the plane such that edge e intersects edgefonly when both e,fare cotree edges and have no end in common. For each cotree edge e, there exists a unique fundamental cycle C ( e ) containing e. If C ( e ) n C(f) # 0 , then their intersection is a path on T, denoted by P ( v , u ) , with L(u) < L ( u ) (see FIG. 1). If L ( u ) = L ( u ) , the path degenerates to a point. From now on, we denote the label of vertex u by u itself, u = 1, 2, . . . , I V ( . Let ( e , f ) denote an unordered pair of edges and define


In some special applications of industrial production and aerospace field, the liquid pipeline flow under the pressurized tank is a problem which should be concerned in the design and application of the closed media delivery system (1). Design Modeler and Meshing module in Workbench is used to establish the two-dimensional model of the liquid tank as well as pipeline and dividing the mesh. The boundary conditions are set and the flow simulation is carried out in Fluent. The results show that: due to internal pressure, external pressure, the interaction of gravity, inertia, and other factors, the entire flow process is divided into three stages, which are respectively the outflow of liquid and gas expansion stage, the liquid outflow and the backflow of gas stage and liquid phase opening. When the tank is connected with the outside world by the upper part of pipeline, liquid shows slow steady flow (2).


The correlation of the load history in the nonlinear large deformation mechanical design method is discussed. Then the different schemes of support construction process which are used to control the nonlinear large deformation of the east wing main haulage roadway in -1000m level of a certain coal mine are simulated by the program of 3D finite difference. The results show that the deformation results, the displacement distribution characteristics and the stress concentration degree of surrounding rock are significantly different due to the different construction sequence. After plastic large deformation occurs in deep soft rock ,the mechanical response characteristics of the surrounding rock closely related to the entire loading history. And different construction sequence will produce different deformation control effect. Therefore, the use of large deformation mechanical design method for the supporting design of deep soft rock is necessary, then based on the proposing of the mechanical countermeasures the best construction process is determined, and the optimization of support parameters must be for this process.


The Dongguan Power supply bureau is the extra large type power supply enterprise,the year electricity supply capacity amounts to 60,000,000,000 kilowatt-hours,this game of metropolitan area network is in the fiber optic transmission single stranded land transport row state,has not constructed the standby channel,for guarantee load bearing's OA of metropolitan area network,the marketing and so on important system's stability and the continual usability,establishes based on the SSL VPN system standby channel,deals with the unusual circumstance which the metropolitan area network optical fiber link possibly appears.This system starts in October,2007 to implement,at present moves good,and in several partial optical fiber breakdowns guaranteed that the primary operational channel do not interrupt the relational function.


The output,exportation,selling earning,profits of the main lead- a cid battery factories in the last decade,as well as the classified output of var ious lead- acid batteries,were listed.The storage battery industry has been pro sperous in the late decade,but statistics shows many problems are existing.And s ome common problems to be kept from happening and deteriorating were pointed out .


Cites evidence from basal beds of the Permo-Carboniferous section of Madagascar and from the surface of the underlying metamorphic basement which supports the concept of a Gondwana glaciation in the region.


Premorbid substance use is widely recognized as a crucial factor in early psychosis. We explored the effects of childhood/adolescent adversity on premorbid tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use. We hypothesized that adversity in childhood would be associated with an increased likelihood of use, and amount of intake, of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis. We analysed which domains of adversity have the greatest impact.


Composite materials are used for main structural components of aircraft fuselage such as skin, stringer and frame to reduce weight. Failure and buckling analysis of the composite fuselage components have been done for structural design. The loads of MD90-30 are applied to each component. Various shapes of section such as I, Z and T-type are chosen as candidate composite stringer and frame. The analysis results of composite fuselage components are compared according to ply-angle and ply-number, and the section type. The numerical results shows that ply-angle and ply-number have important effects on failure caused by axial load for the frame are important design parameters of composite fuselage components. This study suggests several design tips for composite fuselage components.


Commercial supersonic overland flight is presently banned both nationally and internationally due to the sonic boom noise that is produced in overflown communities. However, within the next decade, NASA and industry may develop and demonstrate advanced supersonic aircraft that significantly mitigate the noise perceived at ground level. To allow commercial operation of such vehicles, bans on commercial supersonic flight must be replaced with a noise-based certification standard. In the development of this standard, variability in the dose-response model needs to be identified. Some of this variability is due to differing sound transmission characteristics of homes both within the same community and among different communities. A tool to predict the outdoor-to-indoor low-frequency noise transmission into homes has been developed at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, which was used in the present study to assess the indoor exposure in two communities representative of the northern and south...


The cohort study by Hellfritzsch et al. addresses the clinical consequences of automatic generic switching of a narrow therapeutic index medicine, in casu warfarin.1 First, a striking feature of the study is the speed with which it was reported. Automatic generic switching with Warfarin "Orion"® (Orion Pharma Danmark, Copenhagen, Denmark) was introduced in Denmark in January 2015. It was repealed in April 2015 following five spontaneous reports (later, another two cases were reported) of increases in international normalized ratio (INR) levels after switching from branded warfarin to Warfarin "Orion"®. Here, still within the very same year, a thorough and well-conducted pharmacoepidemiological study investigating the clinical consequences has been completed and reported. This is a testimony to the strengths of healthcare registries and a well-established infrastructure for linking them together for pharmacoepidemiological research. Licensing or marketing authorization of generic medicines in the European Union (EU) is to a large extent carried out in procedures involving a number of EU member states, sometimes the entire EU. It means that the generic medicine can be prescribed and used in the involved countries, and the approved indication, dosing recommendations, and other recommendations for its use are described in the Product Information (prescribability). The design and conduct of bioequivalence trials to support licensing of generic medicines as well as the interpretation of the results are outlined in a guideline published by the European Medicines Agency.2 However, the decision on automatic generic switching (switchability) at the pharmacies is determined by the individual member states, and the criteria for generic switching vary across the EU. An analogous situation exists in the USA, where licensing of generic medicines is undertaken at the federal level (by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)), while decisions on generic switching is determined by the individual state legislation. The Danish Medicines Agency publishes criteria for automatic generic switching on its website.3 We are currently reviewing the criteria across all therapeutic classes, so they are likely to change in the nearby future. Considering the results of the study by Hellfritzsch et al., one may ask: Will we allow automatic generic switching for warfarin generics in the future? Alternatively, will we maintain our current abolishment (not evident from our website) of automatic switches between warfarin generics and branded warfarin? In the case of Warfarin "Orion"®, it may be worthwhile to look at the actual results of the bioequivalence trial supporting the marketing authorization.4 The point estimate for the ratiotest : reference for AUC0-t was 1.057, and the upper boundary of the 90% confidence interval was 1.084. Hence, the exposure following Warfarin "Orion"® was not more than modestly increased compared with branded warfarin. However, it cannot be ruled out that other generic warfarin products with a more pronounced difference in bioavailability could result in a higher risk of excessive anticoagulation (if bioavailability is higher than for branded warfarin) or a higher risk of thromboembolic events (if bioavailability is lower than for branded warfarin). Hence, while the results may be reassuring for Warfarin "Orion"®, the results of the study may not be applicable to warfarin generics in general, including switches between different generic warfarin products. Further, as the authors point out, the study did not investigate INR values from the included patients, and accordingly, changes in INR in relation to *Correspondence to: J. Heisterberg, Danish Medicines Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail: email@example.com


Immediately after infection, virulent bacteriophages hijack the molecular machinery of their bacterial host to create an optimal climate for phage propagation. For the vast majority of known phages, it is completely unknown which bacterial functions are inhibited or coopted. Early expressed phage genome regions are rarely identified, and often filled with small genes with no homology in databases (so‐called ORFans). In this work, we first analysed the temporal transcription pattern of the N4‐like Pseudomonas‐infecting phages and selected 26 unknown, early phage ORFans. By expressing their encoded proteins individually in the host bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we identified and further characterized six antibacterial early phage proteins using time‐lapse microscopy, radioactive labelling and pull‐down experiments. Yeast two‐hybrid analysis gaveclues to their possible role in phage infection. Specifically, we show that the inhibitory proteins may interact with transcriptional regulator PA0120, the replicative DNA helicase DnaB, the riboflavin metabolism key enzyme RibB, the ATPase PA0657and the spermidine acetyltransferase PA4114. The dependency of phage infection on spermidine was shown in a final experiment. In the future, knowledge of how phages shut down their hosts as well ass novel phage–host interaction partners could be very valuable in the identification of novel antibacterial targets.


Child care settings may provide an optimal setting for identification of early childhood mental health problems. However, little is known about child care providers' attitudes or knowledge about screening for children's mental health problems. Both attitudes and perceived knowledge could affect the successful implementation of mental health screening in child care settings. This report discusses two related pilot studies. In the first, the authors adapted an existing measure to assess child care providers' attitudes and knowledge about mental health screening, and they examined the factors of the new measure in 275 child care professionals. In the second study, the authors examined 203 child care providers' attitudes toward and perceived knowledge about mental health screening before and after a single 3-hour training session. Study 1 factor analysis revealed two factors: attitude about screening and perceived knowledge about screening. Both factors were associated with experience with a mental health consultant and with comfort with children with special needs. Participants in Study 2 demonstrated significant increases in positive attitude and perceived knowledge about mental health screening in child care following the 3-hour training session. Results indicate that child care providers were positively inclined toward participating in mental health screening. Attitudes toward and perceived knowledge of mental health screening increased after a single training session. Findings of this research provide a first step toward understanding child care providers' attitudes about and perceived knowledge of mental health screening in very young children and indicate that both positive attitudes and perceived knowledge can be increased through training.


Ralph W. Lewis Ralph W. Lewis is professor emeritus at Michigan State University, Department of Natural Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824-1031 where he taught botany, plant pathology, biology and natural science from 1937-1980. He earned his Ph.D. at Michigan State and was a resident fellow at California Tech in 1948. In 1958, Lewis studied at the Instituto Superior di Sanita in Rome. He has done research on fungus nutrition, succinic-less mutants of Neurospora, infection of rye with ergot fungus and a method of large volume spore production by this fungus. Lewis has written papers on the structure of knowledge and its potential for improving education. He believes that through continued work, science education can be largely converted from rote exercises into intellectually active leaming once teachers leam the logical structure of their science and put it to work in their teaching.


The influence of constraint condition on Ultrafine Diamonds (UFD) production had been studied through explosive detonation experiments and simulations. The result showed that various constraint conditions could improve the yield of UFD to a certain degree. The higher density and intensity of constraint condition, the higher degree of the influence on the yield.


We study a generality of an inflationary scenario by integrating the Einstein equations numerically in a plane-symmetric spacetime. We consider the inhomogeneous spacetimes due to (i) localized gravitational waves with a positive cosmological constant $\Lambda$, and (ii) an inhomogeneous inflaton field $\Phi$ with a potential $\frac12 m^2 \Phi^2$. For the case (i), we find that any initial inhomogeneities are smoothed out even if waves collide, so that we conclude that inhomogeneity due to gravitational waves do not prevent the onset of inflation. As for the case (ii), if the mean value of the inflaton field is initially as large as the condition in an isotropic and homogeneous inflationary model (i.e., the mean value is larger than several times Planck mass), the field is soon homogenized and the universe always evolves into de Sitter spacetime. These support the cosmic no hair conjecture in a planar universe. We also discuss the effects of an additional massless scalar field, which is introduced to set initial data in usual analysis.


The article is devoted to the efficiency analysis of the legal order of overcoming contradictions arising in case of appellate claims and productions in appeal court after considering the given criminal case. The author comes to the conclusion that since the law assumes the secondary trial of a case in the appellate order, the decisions of appeal court rendered earlier are not considered to be prejudicial. The author goes against the correctness of the acting order of overcoming contradictions between decisions of appeal court as reconsidering such decisions depends on the election of the parties. In the author's opinion, it is reasonable to insert changes into the criminal process legislation giving the appeal court the opportunity to reconsider the same criminal case, if it is necessary, and the right to reject decisions made earlier.


A head-mounted display which is used by being mounted to a user's head is provided. When the head-mounted display is mounted, a forehead contact part (102) is in contact with a user's forehead, and an upper band (104) and a lower band (105) of a head band are each in contact with the back of the head. In other words, the head-mounted display is mounted on the user's head at three support points: the forehead contact part (102), the upper band (104) and the lower band (105). In contrast to a structure that is similar to glasses, the weight of which is primarily supported by a nose contact part, the weight of the device is dispersed over the entire head, enabling the burden on a user to be reduced when worn.


A detailed study of Neolithic rock paintings in southern France, the majority of which lie to the east of the Rhone. Hameau discusses the theoretical and methodological aspects of studying schematic figures and motifs before presenting a large inventory of sites where each is described in terms of its location and situation, and in terms of the art found there. His final analysis of the art, the association between figures, animals and motifs, and the use of space, convince him that there was a set of precise rules followed by those who created the art. French text, short English summary.


Purpose:The purpose of this study is to describe and explain the international music company reports of its intangible assets to examine whether similar methods can be applied to the Swedish market ...


Glass samples of the barium phosphosilicate 20SiO2-7.5K2O-7.5Na2O-xBaO-(65-x)P2O5 (x = 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0) are prepared by conventional melt-quench technique. The density and molar volume of glasses were determined in order to explore their structural properties. Results show that molar volume decreases linearly with increase in mol% of BaO. The metallization parameter values of the prepared glasses are found to be less than one and thus exhibit insulating behaviour. The physical parameters like refractive index, dielectric constant, reflection loss, molar refractivity and molar electron polarizability are also studied. Dielectric constant, refractive index, molar refractivity and molar polarizability decreases with increase in mol% of BaO. The maximum values of these parameters are found with 2.5 mol% of BaO.Glass samples of the barium phosphosilicate 20SiO2-7.5K2O-7.5Na2O-xBaO-(65-x)P2O5 (x = 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0) are prepared by conventional melt-quench technique. The density and molar volume of glasses were determined in order to explore their structural properties. Results show that molar volume decreases linearly with increase in mol% of BaO. The metallization parameter values of the prepared glasses are found to be less than one and thus exhibit insulating behaviour. The physical parameters like refractive index, dielectric constant, reflection loss, molar refractivity and molar electron polarizability are also studied. Dielectric constant, refractive index, molar refractivity and molar polarizability decreases with increase in mol% of BaO. The maximum values of these parameters are found with 2.5 mol% of BaO.


Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dental education and investigate the dental students' contentment and comment about the oral diagnosis and dentomaxillofacial radiology (ODR) clinical courses after the reopening.
Materials and Methods: All fourth grade-year and fifth grade-year dental students who completed their ODR clinical skill training course were invited to fill out an online questionnaire.
Results: Seventy-nine students responded the survey, 34 (43%) of students have satisfied with post-pandemic clinical courses and there was a statistically significant relation between the satisfaction and supporting by teaching staff (p=0.001). Students stated that number of clinical works were inadequate and there was a statistically significant relation between the number of patients examined and having adequate skill at patient examination and treatment planning (p=0.001). 33 (41.8%) dental students found online clinical courses satisfactory but 69 (87.3%) students preferred clinical skill training courses instead of online.
Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic dental schools must plan their clinical courses and make arrangements to allow the students to care as many as patients possible and education staff should be in close contact with students at each step of the clinical courses.


Summary Koreans are fast-growing Asian immigrant groups. Immigration experienced a stressful adjustment process in new norms, languages, and social conditions. Immigrants, generally have limited access to health facilities because of most immigrants come from places with differing health beliefs and health care systems. Web sites on the Internet are excellent resources for the public consumers to gain health care knowledge. This study aimed to provide information about the utilization of websites on Korean immigrant health. Data collected by the search engine associated with the health of immigrants looking for a website to 7 were analyzed. For analysis of the possible translations of Korean accessible to kids and Koreans have a high prevalence of disease-specific information and advice about the corner had been established. . However, immigration and culture shock caused by stress, stress management and mental health-related websites, such as depression were low.


The types and distribution of silica bodies (opaline phytoliths) of 26 species of native and introduced grasses of the range grasslands of southern Alberta are described. The genera examined are Bromus, Festuca, Poa, Koeleria, Deschampsia, Calamagrostis, Phleum, Agropyron, Elymus, Stipa, Danthonia, and Bouteloua. Scale drawings of representative silica bodies for each genus are provided.The observations are discussed in relation to grass taxonomy, and to the overall role of silica in grasses.


I write today on behalf of America's Health Insurance Plans (AHIP), the nation's trade association representing nearly 1300 member companies providing health, long-term care, dental, disability and supplemental coverage to more than 200 million Americans. AHIP appreciates the extraordinary effort, time and resources the NAIC and the states have already given to implementation of the provisions of the federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) in the states.


This paper proposes a novel 50nm-depth shallow junction formation for realizing low SD-extension resistance in deep sub-quarter micron PMOS-FETs. In this technology, the extension is fabricated by Ge'(5keV) pre-amorphizised lowenergy B'( 1 keV) implantation, followed by optimized RTA condition (1 100°C for 50msec with ramping-rate 400"C/sec). It has become apparent that this optimized condition yields the lower resistance-limit(300~/sq) for 50nm-depth junction, when using ion implantation process. S/D series resistance for the O.15ym-PMOS(W= IOym) fabricated by this technology is reduced to 140R. This result shows that high-performance deep sub-quarter micron CMOS-FETs are realized by the optimization of ion implantation and/or RTA process.


The invention discloses a two-degree-of-freedom modularized artificial hand thumb with a moment of force, position and touch perception function and relates to an artificial hand thumb. The two-degree-of-freedom modularized artificial hand thumb is used for solving the problems that matching between a prior artificial hand thumb and other fingers is poor, the grabbing function of the prior artificial hand thumb is limited, the prior artificial hand thumb is lack of the touch perception function, a transmission structure is complex and the modularization degree is low. The two ends of a metacarpal bone joint shaft are supported by fixed frames. A first worm gear and one end of a metacarpal bone base are arranged on the metacarpal bone joint shaft in a penetrating mode, wherein the first worm gear is located in one end of the metacarpal bone base. A first worm gear cover plate is arranged at one end of the metacarpal bone joint shaft, the metacarpal bone joint shaft is tightened through a metacarpal bone joint screw, and the other end of the metacarpal bone joint shaft is fixedly sleeved with a second plastic transmission gear. A position sensor is fixed to a sensor fixing frame, and a first plastic gear is installed on a transmission shaft of the position sensor, fixedly and axially connected with an inner hole of the position sensor and meshed with the second plastic transmission gear. The two-degree-of-freedom modularized artificial hand thumb is used on the palm of a robot.


Where you can find the correctional mental health handbook easily? Is it in the book store? On-line book store? are you sure? Keep in mind that you will find the book in this site. This book is very referred for you because it gives not only the experience but also lesson. The lessons are very valuable to serve for you, that's not about who are reading this correctional mental health handbook book. It is about this book that will give wellness for all people from many societies.


The strategic value of competitive information to a corporation has received increased attention in management, business practice and information literature. This paper describes the role the staff of a special library can play in obtaining and processing competitive information. It is suggested that a library should make an effort to become the centre of a company's environmental scanning programme. The librarians in a special library are well‐positioned to become a valid part of the corporate information environment, but they must become more proactive in promoting and defending their library within their own company.


Previously unknown non-glycerol thionphospholipids on the basis of trismethyloloctane were obtained. In these synthesis phosphor(III) compounds (hexaethyltrisamidophosphite and propyleneamidophosphite) were used as phosphorylated reagents. New analogs of thionphosphatydic acids have some structural features of molecules and can be valuable synthetic intermediates in various biophysical researches.


The present invention is fatty acid alkyl esters (biodiesel fuel), to simultaneously obtain process several types of compositions comprising glycerol formal and fatty acid glycerol formal esters.


Recently, TPACK has drawn much attention from researchers and has become focus in the field of educational research. Surveys are used in this study to investigate middle school math teachers' TK and PCK. A correlation analysis is then done to the TK and PCK data to determine their relationship. Aspects of investigation included the awareness, sophistication, and application of information technology; the assessment of the teaching level and on-site class investigation; the correlation analysis between the middle school mathematics teachers' TK and PCK. Results indicate that middle school teachers have relatively higher awareness and sophistication in terms of information technology. In addition, TKand PCK are significantly positively correlated with each other.


We study the problem of learning an event classifier from human needs category descriptions, which is challenging due to: (1) the use of highly abstract concepts in natural language descriptions, (2) the difficulty of choosing key concepts. To tackle these two challenges, we propose LeaPI, a zero-shot learning method that first automatically generate weak labels by instantiating high-level concepts with prototypical instances and then trains a human needs classifier with the weakly labeled data. To filter noisy concepts, we design a reinforced selection algorithm to choose high-quality concepts for instantiation. Experimental results on the human needs categorization task show that our method outperforms baseline methods, producing substantially better precision.


Cloud Manufacturing (CMfg), combining with the technologies of Cloud computing and Internet of Things, is an intelligent networked manufacturing model, which can quickly integrate various distributed manufacturing resources for collaboratively completing the complex and customized manufacturing tasks. One of the key technologies supporting this model is the optimal manufacturing resources in the CMfg systems, typically machine tools (MTs). In this paper, the attributes of MTs in cloud environment are analyzed, the constraint relationship between the attributes and the optimization criteria of MTs is established, and an optimization method of MTs based on rough set is proposed. Finally, a case study is discussed to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.


Perspective direction of interdisciplinary investigations, namely, modeling of cognitive evolution is discussed. Backgrounds for this direction of investigations are characterized. Sketch program of future modeling of cognitive evolution is proposed. Initial models of these investigations are shortly described. Interdisciplinary relations of modeling of cognitive evolution are underlined