Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of seretide (50 μg/500 μg salmeterol/fluticasone propionate) with seretide (50 μg/250 μg salmeterol/fluticasone propionate) in single inhaler in the treatment of patients with stable status moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)Methods Sixty patients with COPD were randomly divided into the treatment and the control groups.Baseline treatments were similar in all patients,patients in the treatment group received seretide (50 μg/500 μg) while the control group received seretide (50 μg/250 μg) inhalation once every 12 hours for 24 weeks Before and after the therapeutic course,tests for lung function in patients of the two groups were conducted and compared with each other.Clinical symptoms and physical signs were graded by questionnaire.Results There was no significant difference on indexes of lung function between the two groups at baseline (P > 0.05).After treatment,the score of clinical symptoms and signs in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group ((4.0 ± 0.5) vs.(4.8 ± 0.3),t =2.63,P < 0.05).Six minutes walking distance was longer in the treatment group than that in the control group ((451.6±22.9) meter vs.(401.2 ±25.4) meter,t =2.51,P <0.05).The levels of forced exhaled gas volume 1 (FEV1),FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/pred in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group ([FEV1:(2.18 ± 0.38) L vs.(1.78 ± 0.45) L;FEV1/pred:(63.19 ±9.08)% vs.(57.19 ±9.25)%; FEV1/FVC%:(73.8 ±5.6)% vs.(67.3 ± 11.5)% ;P < 0.05).Conclnsion High dosage of seretide had better effect in the treatment of stable moderate and severe COPD,and can obviously improve patients' lung function,clinical symptoms and quality of life.

Key words:
Fluticasone salmeterol powder inhaler;  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease


Ct : uc(Ct; Lt) = t Kt+1 : Êt t+1R K t+1ut+1 t + Êt [ t+1 (1 (Ut+1))] = 0 Lt : uL(Ct; Lt) = tWt Ut : R K t = 0 (Ut) : In the sequel we assume u (Ct; Lt) = C t v (1 Lt) 1 where 0 H > 0, ( H is steady state hours worked) and = 00 H= 0 > 0. Also, we assume (Ut) = 1 U t : Federal Reserve Bank of New York. E-mail: email@example.com. yDepartment of Economics, Columbia University, 420 West 118th St. New York NY 10027. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The past two decades have witnessed incredible progress toward understanding the genetic and cellular mechanisms of organogenesis. Among the organs that have provided key insight into how patterning information is integrated to specify and build functional body parts is the Drosophila salivary gland, a relatively simple epithelial organ specialized for the synthesis and secretion of high levels of protein. Here, we discuss what the past couple of decades of research have revealed about organ specification, development, specialization, and death, and what general principles emerge from these studies. WIREs Dev Biol 2014, 3:281–300. doi: 10.1002/wdev.140


This paper summarizes the experimental investigations on a small-scale air-core high-temperature superconducting (HTS) transformer operated in liquid nitrogen. The designed HTS transformer is being used as part of a current pulsed-power supply. First, the HTS winding was tested to experience a short overcurrent pulse. The results indicated that a 170-A critical current Bi-2223/Ag HTS winding can bear a short overcurrent pulse to at least 1 kA without being damaged electromechanically. The transformer consists of an air-core 48-turn primary winding, which is enclosed by a 6-turn secondary winding. The primary and secondary windings are one- and three-strand parallel conductors of Bi-2223 Ag-sheathed multifilamentary tapes, respectively. The experimental results show that the output current of the HTS transformer can reach up to 1154 A, which is several times than the critical current of the secondary HTS winding.


Green engineering is fast becoming a focal point throughout chemical engineering education. The value of instructing undergraduate engineering students in the application of green engineering principles to chemical process design is obvious if these principles are to migrate to industrial practice. Additionally the incorporation of these principles into the established process design curriculum allow for simultaneous learning of process design and green engineering techniques. This paper relates the course structure and methods for instructing honors undergraduate chemical engineers in the application of green engineering practice to an authentic process design problem. Students utilized the fundamental process synthesis techniques from Conceptual Design of Chemical Processes, by Douglas (1988) and the economic and environmental criteria from Green Engineering – Environmentally Conscious Design of Chemical Processes, by Allen and Shonnard (2002). The project required the students to analyze the problem, determine the path-forward, and devise a preliminary process design. The students are then expected to select an alternative based on a battery of screening matrices such as economic potential, environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. The purpose of this paper is to provide a successful example of the application of green engineering principles to a traditional process design course. It is the hope of the authors that other chemical engineering departments and faculty could utilize the methods presented in any attempts to incorporate green engineering more extensively into their curriculum.


We consider the structure learning problem of Gaussian graphical models when the underlying graph is semi-sparse. More specifically, we assume that the number of edges in the graph grows quadratically with the dimension P . Similar to the case of sparse graphs, the problem is formulated as maximizing the data log-likelihood with an ℓ1 norm penalty on the precision matrix (the inverse covariance matrix) that promotes sparsity. We notice that the time complexity of all existing methods is at least $\mathcal{O}\left( {{P^3}} \right)$ under the scenario of semi-sparse graphs, thus severely hindering their applications to high-dimensional data. By contrast, the time complexity of the proposed method is only $\mathcal{O}\left( {{P^2}} \right)$ with the help of stochastic gradients. We prove the convergence of the proposed algorithm. Numerical results show that the computational time of the proposed method is shorter than that of the state-of-the-art methods when the graph is semi-sparse.


EDITOR'S NOTE: Dr. E. B. de Sauz6, the founder of The Cleveland Plan, and one of the most prominent and distinguished leaders in our field, deserves our most sincere gratitude for consenting to lend the prestige of his name and his best effort to this symposium on lesson plans. We shall all profit from this clear and thorough treatment of one of the most difficult techniques in modern-language teaching-intensive reading.


Abstract Increased interest in nanosilver during the last 10 years is mainly explained by the emergence and spread of pathogenic microorganisms with multiple drug resistance, including resistance to last-generation antibiotics. In this article, we for the first time, give a description of large-scale clinical trials of a new nanosilver based antibacterial drug [containing two active components: silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (10–50 ppm) and benzyldimethyl[3-(miristoylamino)-propyl]ammonium chloride (100 ppm)] registered in Russia in 2015 as a veterinary drug under the brand name Argumistin™. This drug has been approved for application in a diluted dosage form – as eye drops, intranasal drops and orally; it has also been approved for application in a more concentrated dosage form (up to 50 ppm of nanosilver) as ear drops and as an antiseptic during demodicosis and gum disease treatment, open wound treatment, etc. We have registered the high therapeutic effectiveness of Argumistin™ during treatment of infectious conjunctivitis, gingivitis, parodontosis and enteritis of dogs. Application of this antibacterial drug gives considerable (up to 70% in case of periodontal diseases) reduction in the treatment period and prevention of complications. The results of clinical trials in the treatment of infectious diseases of dogs makes Argumistin™ a promising candidate for an effective antibacterial drug for human medicine.


Following a cesarean delivery, a mother wonders why she hasn't become pregnant again and the neonate ends up in the NICU with skull fractures.


In the third article1the situation of the physician in the middle years of his practice was examined, and some general principles of estate planning in this stage of life were stated. The various types of taxes that affect estate plans were explained and related to particular situations. Some of the commoner tools of the estate planning team were described in brief, including the settlement options in life insurance policies, insurance trusts, trusts created during life by agreement and at death by will, and the use of the marital deduction under the federal estate tax law. It is the purpose of this last article of the series to analyze the family situation and financial status of the physician as he approaches the age of retirement from his chosen profession, and as he prepares to hand over the pleasures and privileges, as well as the duties and burdens, of the


Abstract As the new incoming editor-in-chief (EIC) for this prestigious journal, I pen my opening editorial, through this piece. Here I lay out the fascinating and impressive journey of the journal till date, and plans to lead it into the future.


Copper and copper based alloys are of considerable importance as they form the backbone of modern industries. Brass has been widely used for shipboard condensers, power plant condensers and petrochemical heat exchangers [1]. Thiadiazoles which are important compounds in many fields were reported earlier as corrosion inhibitors for metals and their alloys [2-8]. Recently, Joseph Raj at al. [9] was experimentally investigated the inhibition efficiencies of three amino thiadiazole derivatives for brass in natural seawater as shown in Figure 1. The relationships between the quantum chemical parameters and corrosion inhibition of those compounds have not been studied yet.  In this study, corrosion inhibition efficiencies of three amino thiadiazole derivatives namely 2-amino-5-etil-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AETD), 2-amino-5-etiltiyo-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AETTD) and 2-amino-5-ter-butil-1,3,4-thiadiazole (ATBTD) as corrosion inhibitors on brass known as copper alloy in both gas and water phase were investigated by using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) basis sets by DFT method. Quantum chemical parameters such as the highest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (ELUMO), energy gap (ΔE= ELUMO - EHOMO), sum of the total negative charge (TNC), electronegativity (χ), global hardness (ɳ), softness (ϭ), the fraction of electrons transferred (ΔN) and proton affinity (PA) were calculated. Furthermore, the interaction energies of the investigated amino thiadiazole derivatives with the copper metal were obtained. The effect of substituent types and its positions on the thiadiazole ring were investigated for all structures. As a results, the inhibition efficiency of investigated amino thiadiazole derivatives was observed to increase with increasing the electron donor characteristic of the substituted groups. A good correlation was found between the quantum chemical parameters and experimental inhibition efficiencies of the investigated amino thiadiazole derivatives.


Valladolid University, through the vice-rectory of Quality and Educational Innovation and probably, the Department of Educational Science in Aveiro University (Portugal), have proposed carrying out a series of specific actions which, in practise, must be specified in a series of Innovative Teaching Plans within the Framework of EEES for the improvement of teaching quality which we can find in this article: a "University Tutorial Plan of Action" through the creation and consolidation of tutorial action groups with first year degree students. The objective is none other than the function of University Tutorials "it includes other aspects relative to the integral development of students while at University". For this reason a group of professors who teach Diploma Qualifications for Primary School Teachers have decided to take on board the proposal and extend it to other colleagues with the intention of designing an intervention programme, with a marked experimental character, and a preliminary fulfilment of a series of formal requirements accompanied by the approval of the Dean's Department of the Faculty of Education and Social Work, the place chosen for the next experimental application.


Summary

Particle size distribution (PSD) of cowpea meal is an important determinant of paste functionality and end product quality. Samples from various mills and screen sizes were used to determine PSD, water-holding capacity (WHC) and swelling capacity (SWC). Hammer mill (1.73 mm screen) meal had a geometric mean diameter (dgw) of 221 microns, whereas PM-360 [plate mill with one complete turn (360°) of clearance] meal had a dgw of 1559 microns. All other milling processes resulted in meal with an intermediate particle size. To reduce the particle size of cowpea pastes, cowpea meals were hydrated to pre-determined moisture contents, held for 15 min, and then blended in a blender before whipping. Blending increased the WHC and SWC of all samples.


This paper summarizes the characteristics of high-dimensional data and the difficulties of high-dimensional data clustering, points out the shortcomings of traditional clustering algorithm in performing clustering high-dimensional data, and proposes an improved K-means algorithm to complete the high-dimensional data clustering, the algorithm has better scalability and high efficiency, suitable for handling large document sets.


Climate Variability and Change emanating from the uncontrolled release of greenhouse gas from natural and anthropogenic sources have devastating consequences on the environment and this piece highlights the attitude of Nigerian Authorities and stakeholders towards the mitigation which is complicated by the fact that crude oil is the major foreign exchange earner which she cannot sacrifice on the altar of environmental safety and considerations.


This work aims to demonstrate the economic viability of the application of industrial hydrogen in fuel cell systems by analysing the advantages and disadvantages of this investment in HCl/NaOH plants. Using the Present Liquid Value and the Real Options Theory an economic avaliation will be made of the integration of fuel cell system in these plants, based on investment cost, volatility, among other parameters


A polarimeter can determine the optical activity of an organic or inorganic compound by providing information about the optical rotation of plane-polarized light when transmitted through that compound. This Journal has reported various construction methods for polarimeters. We report a unique construction using a shoebox, recycled office supplies, and equipment commonly available in any academic science laboratory. The sample volume requirement is only 20 mL and the instrument and operation have been greatly simplified. This instrument was developed and successfully tested during a high school chemistry teachers' workshop.


Quality is the most important factor needed by an organization. Defects are the common issues which arise in the production. Quality model is a strategy that tackles the quality issue that the companies have to control the defects. To improve the efficiency of the product defects needs to be minimised in the production. Zero Defects is a management tool aimed at the reduction of defects through prevention. Zero defects mean that manufacturing the products without any defects. To attain zero defects in production is not an easy task. In order to attain the zero defects in the production a perfect environment, machines, skilled labours are required. All the organisations are moving towards the goal of zero defects in order to provide quality products and to improve the efficiency of raw materials. In this study observation research is used. The data are collected by the observation method. The purpose of the study is to find out the ways to reduce defects in an organization and to check whether the defects in production process can be eliminated by statistic control methods.


The development of modern industrial aluminum reduction cell towards the direction of higher line current and more anodes. The distribution of anode current and the stability of the fluid in reduction cell are directly affected by the busbar configuration. In this paper, a simulation model of the multi-loop equivalent circuit of aluminum electrolysis cell was established by using MATLAB/Simulink, and the distribution characteristics of anode current under three different current risers were analyzed. The results show that with the increase of the number of terminals, the cell voltage decreases and anode current distribution is more uniform. The anode current is positively correlated with the distance from the terminal and the current of the nearest column busbar.


This letter gives a simple method for calculation by hand of the conversion efficiency of resistive mixers. The method assumes the same embedding impedances at all mixing frequencies and the mixing element is modeled as a time varying reflection coefficient. This gives simple expressions for the conversion efficiency. It, therefore, allows analytical parameter studies of the impact of the embedding impedance and parameters of the mixing element on the conversion efficiency. The theory is developed in two stages. First at optimum local oscillator power and second for arbitrary power. The theory agrees well with verifying measurements made on a field-effect transistor (FET)-based resistive mixer.


The world has moved towards the renewable energy power generating system due to eco-friendly, elimination of conventional or fossil fuels. This project presents a new system configuration of the front-end rectifier stage for a hybrid wind/photovoltaic energy system. This configuration allows the two sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. The inherent nature of this CUK-SEPIC converter, additional input filters are not necessary to filter out high frequency harmonics. Harmonic content is detrimental for the generator lifespan, heating issues, and efficiency. The harmonic content in the generator current decreases its lifespan and increases the power loss due to heating. In this project, an alternative multi-input rectifier structure is proposed for hybrid wind/solar energy systems. The proposed design is a fusion of the CUK and SEPIC converters, modeling and analysis with the maximum power point tracking algorithm. The Smart controller will gives efficient usage of electric power utilization in a proper manner.


It is understood that fire is a disaster significantly involving human factors; however, what is generally observed is that human aspects are involved in escape activities. Although my presentation today will focus on escape activities, there are other elements. Disasters or accidents are generally related to human error, and I would like to examine fire as a disaster from the viewpoint of human factors.


This research aims to recognize the pattern of pulmonary disease on x-ray radiography image using artificial neural network (ANN) method. The images, which were used such as images of healthy pulmonary, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pulmonary tumour. Pattern recognition was using an extraction feature of GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) and back propagation method. Before being identified, the images were processed by median filter and adaptive histogram equalization. The GLCM features that used were homogeneity, energy, contrast, variance and correlation. The parameters were learning rate and hidden layer. Learning rate was 0.3 and hidden layer was 25. Back propagation training showed 100% accuracy, which all of 44 images were used had been successfully identified. From the result, the healthy pulmonary showed 60% accuracy, 83.3% for pulmonary tuberculosis and 100% for pulmonary tumor. Hence, the overall result showed 81.25% accuracy, which 13 of 16 images had been successfully identified. From these result, extraction feature of GLCM using back propagation method was capable to recognize the pattern of pulmonary disease. However, due to narrow range of the feature, this application may not be used optimally for comparing features in every category of images. Therefore, the further research is needed to determine the best features and parameters of training back propagation.


Rapid urbanization is leading to sprawling development around the world today, which is becoming a concerning issue for researchers and planners. Urban sprawl depends on the dynamics of land use, mainly on the built-up growth in this area. The study aims to apply and test the applicability of the CA-Markov model in the land use/land cover change prediction for urban sprawling in Batticaloa Municipal Council, Sri Lanka. The secondary data were used, which are Landsat images for years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. The Supervised Maximum Likelihood classification, the Markovian transition estimate, and the CA-Markov chain analysis were employed with ArcGIS 10.6.1, IDRISI 17.0, and MS-Excel 2013. The result revealed that the existing and simulated maps for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 showed an almost equal probability of changes. The simulation for 2030 is credible for the future prediction, which showed that a significant estimate occurs. Therefore, the CA-Markov model is appropriate for land use/land cover predictions.


Effective modeling of spacecraft magnetic field observations presupposes answers to the following questions: 1) is the region source-free?, 2) what is a natural coordinate system for the magnetic field being described? 3) what is the distribution in time and space of the observations? 4) what are the time and space characteristics of the coeval solar wind? Magnetic fields encountered by spacecraft have multiple origins, and each of these fields will often have a natural coordinate system. The origin of these magnetic fields can be classified into the following general categories: 1) spacecraft, 2) magnetopause, 3) magnetotail, 4) field-aligned currents, 5) magnetodisk currents 5) core, 6) lithosphere (remanent and induced), 7) induced fields, 8) motional induction fields. Modeling strategies are either sequential in approach, usually from the largest to smallest fields, or involve coestimation of fields of multiple origins. I will discuss examples from the Moon and Mars.


Background: The Portal Vein (PV) is formed from the convergence of the superior mesenteric and splenic vein posterior to the neck of the pancreas. At porta hepatis it divides into right and left main branches. Aim and Objectives: The study was conducted to note the level and types of termination of portal vein in Indian livers. Material and Methods: The level of termination of portal vein was classified as extrahepatic, capsular and intrahepatic in seventy seven normal adult human cadaveric livers. The type of termination of PV was noted and classified according to the classification suggested by Atasoy and Ozvurek. Length of extrahepatic part of right and left branch of portal vein was measured with the help of digital vernier caliper. Results: Termination of PV was observed as extrahepatic in 89.61%, Intrahepatic in 3.89% and capsular in 6.49%. Bifurcation was observed in 97.41% and trifurcation in 2.49%. Mean length of the extrahepatic part of right branch of portal vein was observed as 1.38 ± 0.38 cm while length of left branch of portal vein was observed as 1.91 ± 0.73cm. Conclusion: Pre-surgical awareness of variant portal venous anatomy is important before graft procurement in liver transplantation, hepatic tumor resection, placement of Transjugular Intrahepatic Porto-systemic Shunts (TIPS) and PV embolization.


Article devoted to the main aspects of the development of medical information systems (MIS). The article will be useful for both architects and developers MIS and users of modern MIS


The case for building the Sundesert nuclear plant illustrates Southern California's energy problems and leads to a proposal for a new approach to siting power plants. Opposition to Sundesert has led to reversals by the State Energy Commission and the Public Utilities Commission on the role of nuclear energy in California. At stake is whether Southern California will have the energy to achieve its societal and individual goals. A comparison of projected energy supplies with projected demands indicates that, without Sundesert, the energy deficit will have to be bridged by imported oil. The Energy Commission's advocacy of oil-fired plants is counter to the shift to alternative energy supplies. The author proposes that rate-setting and power plant certification be combined in one regulatory authority in order to expedite capital formation. He also proposes a clear delineation be established between state and federal responsibilities.


Excerpt The detection of unilateral renal artery stenosis, a potentially curable lesion, is of utmost importance. The use of excretory urography, radiorenography, split renal function tests, and ao...


The subject of the present paper is the analysis of the orbital solutions for eight binaries: WDS 02402+0436 = HDS 347, WDS 02552+5950 = MLR 520, WDS 03119+6131 = HDS 407, WDS 04570+7350 = YSC 145, WDS 05202+4105 = HDS 701, WDS 06467+0822 = HDS 940AB, WDS 08259–1623 = HDS 1199, and WDS 22550+5132 = HU 785. Seven orbits are determined for the first time, and the remaining orbit is a revision. The five binaries are HDS, discovered during the Hipparcos mission, two binaries were discovered before, 1902 and 1974, and one binary was discovered afterwards, 2009. All measured separations are less than 1 arcsecond, and in most studied pairs they are less than 0.4 arcseconds. The number of measurements is relatively small, from 9 to 16, except for one pair which has only been measured six times so far. The median orbital period is 95.1 yr, the shortest period is 12.5 yr, and the longest period is 362.7 yr. In addition to the orbital elements, we also give absolute magnitudes, spectral types, estimates of the masses, dynamical parallaxes, and residuals in θ and ρ.


I the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) (cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer and chronic pulmonary disease) accounted for 50% of all deaths in 2005.1 Total deaths from NCDs are projected to increase by 25% over the next 10 years in the region.1 The prevalence of risk factors for NCDs is also high in most countries of the region.1 In a World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS (STEPwise approach for surveillance) survey conducted among adults aged 15-65 years in the EMR, almost 25% were hypertensive, and between 20-40% had hypercholesterolemia. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was among the 10 countries with the highest prevalence of diabetes in the world.1 In the EMR, high levels of overweight was found, with the prevalence of overweight/obesity ranging between 74% and 86% in women, and between 69% and 77% in men.1 Furthermore, 17.9% of adults in KSA have diabetes, 21.1% have hypertension, 36.1% are obese, 19.3% have hypercholesterolemia, 12.9% were smokers, and 33.8% were physically inactive.2 However, limited data is available on the prevalence of NCDs and the risk factors in KSA. The growing need for costly healthcare services due to the increase in NCDs will affect both the healthcare infrastructure and the entire economy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for evidence-based interventions to combat the threat from NCDs. Preventing NCDs is most effectively carried out through a combination of community-based intervention and individuallyfocused intervention for risk reduction.3 However, there is no proven intervention implemented in KSA that has addressed the Saudi cultural values and lifestyle factors. Therefore, a community-based interventionthe Crown Health Project (CHP) was developed and implemented on a small-scale, to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the program, in order to potentially scale it up. The objectives of the CHP are: 1. To determine the prevalence of common NCDs and their risk factors; 2. To raise awareness regarding risk factors for NCDs and preventive measures among the public; 3. To improve the early detection and management of NCDs; 4. To build capacity among health care workers (HCWs) on preventive services for NCDs; and 5. To improve diagnostic, curative, and rehabilitative services for patients. In this paper, the CHP which was initiated and cleared for ethical approval by the Ministry of Health's Public Health Directorate, will be described along with the first results on the implementation of the program. The CHP was conducted in the Al-Jouf Region of KSA. This region was chosen, because most health services are delivered through the facilities of the Ministry of Health (MOH) (3 hospitals and 29 primary healthcare centers (PHCs). The CHP was delivered through the PHCs and reached the whole population of the region. The following activities corresponding to the previously numbered objectives were planned to be conducted in the Al-Jouf region from 2008 to 2013: 1. A survey among a representative sample of adults aged 15 years and older using the WHO STEPS methodology to determine the prevalence of common NCDs and their risk factors. The survey included both questionnaire data (demographic and socioeconomic, lifestyle factors, past medical history) and clinical data (physical measures, biochemical measures); 2. Public health education and prevention programs provided by Health Promotion Units, both to clients attending the unit (through individual counseling, group sessions, and the distribution of materials), and to the general public. The latter in collaboration with other agencies and included general health promotion programs (in local newspapers and magazines, and on television and radio) and targeted programs (programs at educational institutions, women recreation clubs, work-site programs); 3. Periodic examinations (physical and laboratory examinations) are performed by the screening units. The screening program includes the following: a) lifestyle factors (smoking, diet, physical activity); b) medical history (hypertension, diabetes etc.); c) physical measurements (height, weight, waist circumference, heart rate, blood pressure); and d) biochemical measurements (fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol). In the case of any abnormal findings, clients are referred to other health care facilities for Brief Communication


Abstract The term "developmental disabilities" (DD) is a wide-ranging class of lifelong disability that can be intellectual, physical, or both. More than half a billion people with developmental disabilities are vulnerable to the highly contagious and fatal coronavirus infection worldwide due to preexisting socio-medico and economic inequities and their underlying health conditions. Objectives: This evidence-based review was designed to investigate the degree of vulnerabilities of different common categories of people with developmental disabilities with specific emphasis on conditions causing intellectual disabilities such as Down syndrome, Cerebral Palsy, and Autism. Methodology: An electronic database search was conducted using Medline, Google scholar, and Psych info using terms People with disabilities and Covid-19 related vulnerabilities and synonymous terms. The search yielded 253 research articles that were shortlisted to 64 articles manually after reviewing abstracts. Five main themes were identified as a result of this extensive literature review and were taken up and discussed in detail. Results: Developmental disabilities are a diverse group hence the susceptibilities of people in one category differ markedly from the other. They have preexisting vulnerabilities and underlying health conditions (such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, scoliosis, respiratory diseases, and heart diseases), autoimmune deficiencies, and mental and behavioral disturbances. All these make them an easy target to catch the contagion. They fail to understand the concept of ghastly spreading contagious infection and it's hard for them to catch up with the challenging demand of keeping up with preventive measures such as the use of personal protective equipment and social distancing owing to their cognitive and physical impairments.  All this has resulted in increased morbidity and mortality in this population. Research has revealed that mortality is highest in people with Down syndrome (DS), Cerebral Palsy (CP), and Intellectual Developmental Disabilities (IDDs). One possible explanation given was that the virus in the people with Down Syndrome (DS) generates fatal cytokine storms due to disproportionate immune response, causing deaths.  Not only have these people problems with the understanding of the danger Covid-19 has posed but also they are unable to take help from aides or their usual support systems like daycare and rehabilitation centers due to the closing down of many regular services. Conclusion: Unfortunately, this at-risk group was not prioritized while planning Covid-19 related emergency health services despite their increased susceptibility to infections and other vulnerabilities that lead to increased morbidity and mortality. There is a dire need for effective and focused policymaking to providing specific services in the Covid-19 era for this much deserving populace.


Link state measurement is the fundamental part of routing control and has received wide attention in research community. However, due to the massive number of network nodes, it is considerably expensive to measure the network timely. In this work, we propose LTSM, a lightweight and time sliced measurement approach for link state to reduce the measurement cost. In LTSM, the measurement tasks are assigned to all nodes evenly and launched at proper time. Theoretically, the measurement cost can be reduced by 50%. We design a prototype of the approach and implement it on a real-world network consisting of 37 public cloud nodes and 1, 332 links. Experimental results show that our approach can acquire the link state of the network efficiently.


It is inevitable that judicature gets involved in the management of corporation.in the United States there are perfect schemes in dealing with corportion deadlock.Although there are great improvements in revising corporate law,which comply with the development of society and the demand in practice,the problem of corporation deadlock is still unconcerned.This article analyzes the connotation of corporation deadlock and sets forth the necessity of the intervention of judicature,and suggests establishing our own system model at the time of introducing American system for dealing with corporation deadlock with the intervention of judicature.


Systems with elaborate multiple clock distributions are a necessity, and the authors address the postfabrication debug of such multiclock systems. Solutions, based on the authors' communication-centric debug approach, are presented that achieve a consistent snapshot of the system state and force the erroneous state in the face of nondeterminism.


Multiplicity distributions in high-energy hadronic reactions are broader in the central rapidity region than in the fragmentation region. An explanation of this phenomenon in terms of a stochastic branching equation is given supporting the picture of two sources, one mainly chaotic and one essentially coherent.


The kinetics of the orientation of Disperse Orange 3 molecules embedded in amorphous and nanostructured Polymethylmethacrylate films was studied under the effect of an intense electrostatic poling field. Non-centrosymmetric chromophore distributions were obtained in Polymethylmethacrylate films by Corona poling technique. These distributions depends on the Corona poling time. The changes in the orientation of the Disperse Orange 3 molecules were followed by in-situ transmitted Second Harmonic Generation measurements. The Second Harmonic Generation signal was recorded as function of time at several temperatures; it was fitted as function of the Corona poling time, considering matrix-chromophore interactions. The Polymethylmethacrylate films were nanostructured by the incorporation of an anionic surfactant, the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. The lamellar nanostructures in the films were identified by X-ray diffraction measurements.


Service Industries play a pivotal role in the development of a nation. Service Industries represent a very substantial portion of both domestic and international trade. Health care is one of most important service sector among the other service sector. Health is one of the most significant indicators for socio-economic development of a nation. Hospitals provide different type of services for the patient care. The paper analysed the comparative study of Hospital services provided by Government, Trust and Private Hospitals functioning in Gujarat. Government Hospitals were providing most of the facilities compared to Trust and Private Hospitals in the state. Government sanction grant for health facilities in the government hospitals. Government should sanction special grant to Trust Hospitals for infrastructure facilities and purchase of surgical instrument.


Measurement of productivity in the service sector has always represented a challenge for economists. "Productivity in the U.S. Services Sector: New Sources of Economic Growth", by Jack Triplett and Barry Bosworth from the Brookings Institution is reviewed. The authors have produced a textbook on the different types of measurement error that will force economists to take their empirical estimates with a considerable dose of caution. Both economic statisticians and policy makers will find the book invaluable.


An urban region traffic intelligent coordinated control method based on multi-agent is presented, and the control target is to make bus-weighted vehicle average delay least. A two-layer hierarchical control architecture is used. The high-layer is the zone intelligent controller (ZCA) deciding key intersection and adjusting common cycle length real-time. The low-layer is constructed by intersection intelligent controllers (ICA). An ICA is divided into 3 modules: phase choosing module, green observation module and decision module. ICAs cooperating with each other, can optimize phase sequence and phase length. Multi-agent fuzzy signal control strategy with bus priority is used and the fuzzy rules are optimized by genetic algorithm (GA). Simulation results indicate, compared with fixed-time control, this control strategy can reduce social vehicles mean delay efficiently, and reduce bus mean delay more.


This paper examines the demand for money using panel data for 48 countries over the 1980-95 time period. In our examination of the conventional money demand function, we begin by empirically exploiting traditional panel methodology and fi nd support for heterogeneity among the countries. However, specifi cation and diagnostic tests also indicate serial correlation in all of the estimated models. Recent state-of-the art advances in panel unit root and panel cointegration methodology allow us to proceed and further our analysis. Such procedures allow us to take advantage of desirable statistical properties and obtain consistent estimates in order to test long-run hypotheses.


High slope-efficiency ∼25% for green-to-blue wavelength conversion, rendering 60mW/440nm blue laser by 400mW/532nm pump of 20ns/4KHz, was demonstrated on 7.9µm-period PPLT due to simultaneous phase matching of the 1st-order QPM-OPO with the 2nd-order QPM-SHG process.


OBJECTIVES
To examine the types and influences of health behavior goals self-selected by post hospitalized cardiac patients.

METHODS
Subjects participated in a trial assessing the effectiveness of a health behavior change program.

RESULTS
Nearly 95% of smokers and 89.7% of patients with elevated weights selected a smoking and/or dietary modification goal, respectively. Only 43.8% of physical activity goal patients started a rehabilitation program. Although no consistent relationships were found between patient characteristics and type of goal(s) selected, significant improvements in readiness to change levels occurred.

CONCLUSIONS
Many patients can make health behavior progress consistent with behaviors needing improvements by clinical criteria.


We develop a new approach to the max-min eigenproblem, in which the max-min eigenspace is split into several regions according to the order relations between the eigenvalue and the components of x. The resulting theory of (K,L)-eigenvectors, being based on the fundamental results of Gondran and Minoux, allows to describe the whole max-min eigenspace explicitly and in more detail.


In line with the semantic conception of scientific theories, I develop an account of the intertheory relation of comparative structural similarity. I argue that this relation is useful in explaining the concept of verisimilitude and I support this contention with a concrete historical example. Finally, I defend this relation against the familiar charge that the concept of similarity is insufficiently objective.


XFOLIATIVE cytology as a diagnostic aid in E diseases of the esophagus has come into use only recently. The pioneer work dealing with the subject is that of Andersen, McDonald, and Olsen,l* published in 1949, analyzing the findings in 150 cases. That series is the largest reported to date. Subsequently seceral other authors have reported like studies on material ranging from a single case to a series of seventy cases.3. 41 6-11, 13, 14, 18 Some of these reports appear merely as minor parts of more general work on the cytology of the upper alimentary tract. The accumulation of a large amount of cytological material pertaining to the esophagus in the cytology laboratories of the Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases and the New York Hospital has prompted us to undertake the present study, the purpose of which is twofold: (1) to define and outline criteria of normal and abnormal esophageal cytology, and (2) to define and evaluate the usefulness of esophageal cytology as an adjunct in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the esophagus.


As libraries become increasingly based on digital storage and access technologies, knowledge management approaches seem particularly useful. Most knowledge management systems emphasize the role of information and communications technologies, and the question arises about the role of librarians in these systems. This paper posits that if globally digital libraries are to realize their potential for providing access to the widest feasible range of knowledge, librarians and information officers need to fulfill a challenging and critical role as boundary spanners across cultures. This paper is based on evidence that knowledge is culturally derived, acquired, and applied, and that learning—the acquisition of new knowledge— is enabled by skills that are culturally dependent. This aspect of knowledge suggests that the tacit dimension of knowledge and learning may require humans to aid in spanning the boundaries across different knowledge domains and different cultures. Mason: Librarian as Boundary Spanner; p. 1 This paper and presentation has three components. First, it reviews what is becoming known about learning and how this relates to knowledge creation and knowledge transfer. Second, it reviews a boundary spanning model proposed by Carlile, comprised of three levels— syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic—and applies this model to learning across cultures. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of such a model of knowledge for libraries that seek to serve as global resources for multiple cultures. For digital libraries, new skills and approaches may be required for the pragmatic category. The Critical Role of Librarian/Information Officer as Boundary Spanner Across Cultures


Background: Assessment of the response of esophageal cancer to chemoradiotherapy is difficult. We investigated the value of a transendoscopic miniature ultrasonic probe (USP) in assessing response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.


Development in the field of computer-aided learning and testing have stimulated the progress of novel and efficient knowledge-based expert systems, that have shown hopeful outcomes in a broad variety of practical applications. In particular, deep learning (DL) techniques have been extensively carried out to identify remote sensed data obtained by the instruments of Earth Observation. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an evolving area in the study of remotely sensed data due to the huge volume of information found in these images, which enables better classification and processing of the Earth's surface by integrating ample of spatial and spectral features. This paper primarily deals with the Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), especially the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks for HSI classification. Different variants of LSTM are analyzed and compared, along with other state-of-the-art models in terms of accuracy metrics using certain hyperspectral datasets. The paper concludes with the analysis of some emerging future research axes.


We compared the post-debridement size of rotator cuff tears determined from surgical findings with those measured by MRI. The subjects were 20 patients (21 shoulders) with a complete rotator cuff tear who underwent MRI before surgery. Seven of the patients were men and 13 were women. Sixteen tears involved the right shoulder and five involved the left one. The mean age of the patients was 65.1±8.1 (SD) years, with a range of 52-78 years. MRI was performed with a superconducting Shimadzu 1.0-T Magnex 100 HP. The distance between the high-signal regions was measured in the oblique coronal and the oblique sagittal planes of T2-weighted image of fast spin echo technique (fast T2-weighted image) and T2*-weighted image of gradient echo technique was compared with the post-debridement tear dimensions measured during surgery. The mean difference between the operative findings and the values measured with MRI was 10.1 ±9.2mm for fast T2-weighted images and 4.6±9.1mm for T2-weighted images obtained in the oblique coronal plane. The mean differences obtained using oblique sagittal images were 9.1±5.7mm and 2.7±7.0mm, respectively. Our findings indicate that T2*-weighted image is useful for estimating the post-debridement size of rotator cuff tears.


In order to determine the fungal disease agents causing losses in pomegranate orchards and storages in Antalya province, surveys were performed in 61 orchards and 21 storages, in 2012. Totally 12 fungus species were obtained as a result of isolations made from the leaf and fruit samples taken from the orchards and storages. It was determined that the most common fungus was Alternaria alternata both in leaf and fruit samples obtained from the orchards. Cladosporium herbarum from the leaf samples, Aspergillus and Penicillium species from the fruit samples were the other common fungi. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Coniella granati , known as the important pathogens of pomegranate, was also isolated in lower rates. Botrytis cinerea was the species with highest isolation frequency from the fruit samples taken from the storages and followed by Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger , Alternaria alternata and Coniella granati . In the pathogenicity trials performed under laboratory conditions; A. alternata , B. cinerea , C. granati and Fusicoccum aesculi caused severe browning on pomegranate leaves, while C. gloeosporioides , C. herbarum , Pleospora herbarum , A. niger and Penicillium sp. were the other pathogens causing necrosis on the leaves. As a result of fruit inoculations, C. granati and F . aesculi caused severe symptoms on the fruits, where C. gloeosporioides , B . cinerea , A. niger , Epicoccum nigrum , Fusarium semitectum and Penicillium sp. caused moderate or slight fruit rot.


Two methods to determine the cooling time using data from high-resolution gamma-ray measurements are discussed; one is useful when the irradiation history information is available, the other when the irradiation history is not available. We have applied both methods and found that the cooling time can be determined to within an average of 3% and 4.1%, respectively.


Wet tropical forests growing on highly weathered soil, depleted in rock-derived nutrients, yet rich in nitrogen (N), may respond quite differently to anthropogenic N inputs than those growing on younger soils low in N. We evaluated the effects of first-time and long-term N additions on the pattern and regulation of hydrologic N losses from wet tropical forests located at the extreme ends of a soil age and fertility gradient in the Hawaiian Islands. In contrast to our expectations that a N-limited forest on 300-year-old soils would initially retain N inputs, both forests, regardless of soil age or fertility, responded to first-time N additions with immediate and significantly elevated nitrate (NO3−) solution losses. However, patterns of NO3− loss differed markedly between sites and largely reflected differences in hydrological processes due to soil age. In the N-limited forest on young soils, N additions to previously unfertilized soils resulted in significant microbial immobilization of ammonium (NH4+) an...


The fruit from the palm Areca catechu (L.) commonly referred to as areca nut (AN) is botanically a drupe fruit with an outer leathery part (exocarp or skin; and mesocarp, which can be fleshy or hard) that surrounds a shell (hardened endocarp with a seed or pit) at all times during ripening (Figure 1). ANs in their variable preparations, commonly wrapped in a betel leaf therefore the widespread name "Betel nut" (BN; see below), are consumed worldwide by an estimated 600 million people among all age groups and social classes with prevalent consumption throughout the Indian subcontinent, East and Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands.1,2 In Guam, AN chewing is widely practiced among many populations (including Chamorros, Yapese, Palauans and Chuukese), and approximately 11% of Guam's population chew on a regular basis.3 In some areas of India, the frequency of AN use has been increasing among the youth and has been speculated to serve as a gateway for tobacco use.4,5

Figure 1

Base ingredients of a Betel quid: areca nut, Piper betle L. leaf, and slaked lime (which may be powdered - as shown, or in liquid or paste form). Chewing tobacco or tobacco from cigarettes is often added according to preference in addition to other ingredients ...

There is considerable variation in the way ANs are consumed. They can be chewed alone, wrapped in a leaf of the betel pepper (Piper betle L.) then referred to as BN, or as a "betel quid" (BQ), whose recipes, despite varying regionally and locally within countries, generally consists of a whole or portion of an AN wrapped in a leaf of the betel pepper (Piper betle L.) together with other additives such as slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) and sometimes tobacco (from chewing tobacco or cigarettes) (Figure 1) and/or spices.6–9 Lime is typically obtained from the burning of coral or shellfish or extraction from limestone and is sold in paste, liquid, or powdered forms (Figure 1).7,8 Other ingredients such as cloves, cardamom, alcohol, nutmeg, aniseed, ginger, and sweeteners such as coconut are sometimes added to the various AN preparations for extra flavoring according to preference.7,8,10 In many countries such as those in South Asia, proprietary BQ mixtures are commercially manufactured and heavily advertised towards youth.11,12 Oftentimes, the nut is conveniently sold in proximity to tobacco products as to indirectly promote its concurrent use (eg, selling of single cigarettes).13

The chewing of AN in its various preparation forms is a socially accepted habit in many countries of the Western Pacific region13 and is used as a means of promoting social relationships and community ties. This habit also has cultural and religious significance among some populations where chewing is endemic.1,7,14 Factors thought to influence chewing commencement include encouragement from family members, friends, or role models at a young age, as well as peer pressure; in addition, some users have described AN chewing as a way to pass time or avoid boredom and loneliness.1,13,15


In this study, we assessed the antibacterial activity of human follicular fluid obtained from patients undergoing oocyte aspiration for in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms and Candida albicans were added to the follicular fluid and broth cultures which served as controls. Follicular fluid was shown to be inhibitory against Gram-positive microorganisms; this inhibition was probably due to lysosyme and progesterone. Growth of Gram-negative micro-organisms and C. albicans were, however, supported by follicular fluid incubation.


Nesting success of Forster's Terns ( Sterna forsteri ) was examined on two small islands in the Cedar Island area of North Carolina. Forster's Terns laid an average of 2.1 eggs per nest (n = 50) on Chainshot Island and 2.1 eggs per nest (n = 43) on Harbor Island in clutches that consisted of 1 to 3 eggs. On Chainshot Island every egg (n = 107) was lost to predation. On Harbor Island, 72 of 92 eggs were preyed upon. A trapping program, initiated on both islands, yielded 32 Marsh Rice Rats ( Oryzomys palustris ). Stomach contents of 23 rats were inspected, with 92.3% from Chainshot Island and 70% of the stomachs from Harbor Island containing yolk and feathers of Forster's Terns.


This report describes a CDC 7600 FORTRAN code for computing two-dimensional shock-wave problems in planar and cylindrical geometry. Reactive and nonreactive condensed and gaseous components are included. Chemical reactions are treated by means of an Arrhenius rate law, C-J volume burn, sharp-shock burn, and the Forest Fire burn model. Elastic-plastic flow and spallation are included for treatment of solid materials. The HOM equation of state describes thermodynamic properties of detonation products, undecomposed explosives, mixtures of the two, and nonreactive condensed components having an instantaneous phase change. Sample input and output are given for typical problems.


The technique of extracting auricularia pectin by acid method coupled by ultrasound wave and ultrafine powder is researched.Based on ultrasound intensity,liquid-solid ratio,extracting temperature and time on auricularia pectin yield and extracting conditions are optimized by orthogonal experimental design.The experiment shows that the optimal extracting conditions are:ultrasound intensity 70 W/kg,liquid-solid ratio 40∶1,extracting temperature 70 ℃,pH 3.0 and extracting time 60 min.Under these conditions,auricularia pectin yield can reach 35.45%,better than other extracting methods.


Implementation of the policy is one of the crucial processes in public policy. The policy involves many actors in it have the possibility to experience difficulties in the process of its implementation, this is due to a conflict of interest  occurs between actors in the policy are therefore in this study researchers took themes factor affecting policy implementation Perda KawasanTanpa Smoking (KTR) and Limited smoking (KTM). The purpose of this study is to describe what factors factor affecting policy implementation Perda No. 5 of 2008 in the Dr. Soewandhie Surabaya hospital, in that it is the policy of KTR and KTM in the city of Surabaya. Exploratory qualitative research methods used in this study and the location of the research is the. Dr. Soewandhie Surabaya hospital as the locus of implementing perda KTR and KTM with health services as the main Coordinator, Satpol PP Surabaya As Trustees Perda implementation.The analysis of the data found in the study used research formula to answer by us ing the theory of factor analysis of affecting the implementation of the policies of Charles Edwards III are those factors is communication, sources, trend -kecenderunga or bureaucratic structures and behaviour. The resulting data analysis results show that implementation of the policy of KTR and KTM in the Dr. Soewandhie hospital has not been going well for in influence by factors of communication, resources, bureaucratic structure and disposition of the implementation. Besides about factor -  of factors affect implementation KTR policy and the ministerial meeting, the research other is on the implementation of policies perda ktr and ministerial conference which until now not maximum due to the actor factor interests involved, the availability of resources being deficient; society discipline and consistency of implementer policy.


The vascular flora of raised bogs in southeastern Labrador is composed of only 26 species, which may be grouped into three different elements: wide-ranging arctic–boreal species, boreal species reaching their northeastern range limits in the forest–tundra transition, and boreal species reaching their range limits along the shores of Lake Melville. The striking impoverishment of the Labrador bog flora relative to those in Newfoundland and other parts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence region is apparently the result of the colder more continental climate of Labrador, which excludes from the regional bog flora the less hardy species of southern affinities.


56 The purpose of this investigation was to study the feasibility of using a prestressed double tee concrete system in bridge structures with spans up to 80ft (24.4 m). The experimental investigation consisted of two parts: (1) study the behavior of a simply supported half scale bridge model with three double tees joined together by simple longitudinal V joints and transversely post-tensioned; (2) study the effect of prestressed steel profiles and shielded strands on the ductility of double tees.


The present invention relates to a method for coating lumber and pulp using a silsesquioxane composite polymer, and more specifically, by coating the surface of lumber and pulp by means of a silsesquioxane composite polymer comprising, within a single polymer, a linear silsesquioxane chain of a particular structure and cage-type silsesquioxane, the method for coating lumber and pulp using a silsesquioxane composite polymer facilitates the coating process, and the formed coating layer has a high surface strength while maintaining the form and color of the lumber and pulp, and superb waterproofness, moisture resistance, transparency, scratch resistance, soil resistance, thermal stability, durability, and excellent adhesiveness with lumber and pulp base material.


The invention relates to complex microbial inoculants of bifidobacterium longum and bifidobacterium animalis and a preparation method of the complex microbial inoculants. A bifidobacterium longum subsp.longum is named BAMA-B05/BAu-B1024 and stored with a number of CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No.7290. A bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis is named BAMA-B06/Bau-B0111 and stored with the number of CGMCC No.7289. Bama lactic acid bacteria complex microbial inoculants are the compound of the BAMA-B05/BAu-B1024 and the BAMA-B06/Bau-B0111 which are at the bacteria number ratio of 1:1. The strain is hard to die, short in growth cycle, fast in reproduction rate and easy to culture and store. The complex microbial inoculants can improve the intestinal microecological balance, enhance the immunity of a host, activate the immune cells, and relieve and treat the constipation.


................................................................................................................................................. iii Opsomming ............................................................................................................................................. v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................... vii Dedications .......................................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ xii List of Tables .........................................................................................................................................xiv Nomenclature ....................................................................................................................................... xv Chapter 1: Literature review ................................................................................................................... 1 1.


Capacity reduction in protein A affinity chromatography with extended cycling during therapeutic antibody manufacture is well documented. Identification of which residual proteins remain from previous cycles during the lifetime of these adsorbent materials is required to understand their role in this ageing process, but represents a significant metrological challenge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) are combined to detect and map this phenomenon of protein carry-over. We show that there is a morphological change at the surface of the agarose resin, revealing deposits on the polymer fibres increasing with cycle number. The amount of residual host cell


A recent Ecology Letters paper of Fisher et al. (2008) utilized a modelling framework to investigate disturbance effects on forest biomass dynamics. But it contains serious methodological and conceptual errors. Associated conclusions are unlikely to be correct.


This paper presents a new noncontact method to measure vibrations by using a low-cost optical approach that is able to provide a submicrometer resolution. The transducer exploits a simple optical setup based on an intensity-detection scheme that is implemented with plastic optical fibers, whereas innovative non demanding spectral data processing allows compensation of the vibrating surface reflectivity and the gains of the measurement chain. The performance of the proposed system has been assessed, through comparison with other techniques, by performing several measurement tests that use targets vibrating at frequencies from a few hertz up to several tens of kilohertz and with different values of reflectivity.


Abstract : In the first half of the paper the organization of a nuclear power station are examined, the difficulties associated therewith are discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages thereof by comparison with conventional thermal power stations are listed. In the second half of the paper, three methods for transforming atomic energy directly into electrical energy are briefly discussed: (a) by using thermocouples to generate a thermoelectric E M. F.; (b) by using the positive charge on nuclear fission fragments to develop a potential difference between two concentric spherical shells and thus generate an E. M. F.; and (c) by using the electron voltaic effect induced in transitors by beta-particle bombardment. (Author)


The fate of carbonate in oceanic crust subducted into Earth's mantle M. J. WALTER, J. W. E. DREWITT, A. R. THOMSON, H. ZHANG, O. T. LORD, B. HEINEN 1 School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, BS8 1RJ, UK 2 Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai RD, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China


The article deals with one of the most debated problems of Russian historiography — the origin and development of absolutism in Russia. To solve this problem, it is necessary to understand the nature of the Russian state structure and the place of Russia in the European political system of the XVII century, the content and nature of the changes that took place in Russian life during this period (more specifically, in the middle of the century), when, according to many researchers, such a form of government as an absolute monarchy was born or was already being strengthened in the country.


Through the hereby study we set ourselves on an analysis over the internal control and the ways of implementation of it. The final purpose of our research is represented by the characteristics of the internal control system in the context of current accountancy regulations. The accomplishment of such goal has forced us to research the current literature in the area and also the legal regulations over internal control. Of course, the accomplishment of such a research was possible only after a pertinent analysis over the opinions expressed in specialty literature regarding this area. Our research wants to be with a theoretical and applicative character. It is based on analysing the internal control system, the methodology of internal control and the steps of internal control. We express our belief that the implementation of the internal control in a very exact manner comes as an aid to the company management and lead to the accomplishment of managerial objectives and policies. In what it regards the result of our research there can be drawn the following conclusions: from the legal regulations (OMFP nr. 3055/2009), there is no clear conclusion over the procedures and policies of implementation of internal control applicable to an economical entity; also there are not presented in a detailed way the types (forms) of internal control, being presented in the legal regulations only a classification of them after the time in which they are exercised (before, during or after the finishing of the operations); also in the legal regulations there is developed a certain way of internal control, represented by the financial and accounting internal control, as if the other forms of internal control do not exist; in what regards the components of internal control, these are presented in another way, but similar to already known models of internal control (Coso and Coco); also in the legal regulations there are presented the general objectives of internal control, without developing the differentiate objectives on each for of internal control.


Objective : Nursing system in traditional society depended on more private service in family than public service. In Chosun dynasty, there were several books mentioned private nursing srvice to author`s family. Method : We tried to find out mentions in books above and analyze them by point of nursing services. Result : In Nehoon nursing was considered as a view of royal family services, in Gyenyeoseo as a view of neo-Confucianism, in Gyubanggasa as a view of obedience to parents and in Gyuhapchongseo there were lessons to author`s daughter and in-laws about private nursing. Conclusion : In traditional society, women`s activities were limited. However, there were several roles, especially private nursing services to their family through this bibliographical records.


Disclosed herein an injectable composition comprising a pharmaceutically high concentration of acetaminophen or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which comprises in a special glycofurol, ethanol, water or a solvent system comprising glycofurol , ethanol, polyethylene glycol, water, a solvent system, the concentration of acetaminophen or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is greater than 150mg / ml. The injections may be less than the viscosity of 28cps. Further disclosed method of preparing the injections. Injection may be intravenously after use in a conventional liquid, antibacterial, antifungal and parasiticides and diluted with the infusion liquid anxiolytic (midazolam injection) or narcotic analgesics (fentanyl citrate Nigeria injections) together by intramuscular route, or intravenous routes as intravenous injection, because it is stable, clear and transparent for at least 6 hours after dilution.


The aim of this study was to provide pooled analysis of individually small trials comparing robotic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RRYGB) with standard laparoscopic RYGB (LRYGB).


The electrical conductivity of lithium chloroaluminate has been investigated in the temperature range between room temperature and 180°C. It is molten above 145°C. The conduction is practically purely ionic and is attributed to the transport of lithium ions. The experiments show high values for ionic conductivity in the solid state, only exceeded by Li‐β‐alumina and some LiI‐based materials. At 25°C the conductivity was found to be , with an activation enthalpy for of 0.47 eV. A‐C conductivity measurements were influenced by sample preparation and cell arrangement. The ionic conductivities of this and several other newly found lithium ionic conductors, as well as those previously known, are compared in the temperature range between 20° and 250°C.


Most studies of hexose transporters (GLUT family) focus on glucose and fructose import for energy generation. Few studies examine their role in delivering sugars for biosynthetic pathways. Exogenous mannose can directly contribute nearly 50% of the mannose found in glycoproteins, even though its extracellular concentration (50 µM) is 100‐fold lower than physiological glucose (5mM). To explain this preference, we hypothesized the existence of a high affinity mannose‐preferential hexose transporter. We identified a patient with damaging mutation in SLC2A11 (Glucose transporter, GLUT11) and applied our new GC‐MS method to determine the contributions of 13C‐glucose and 13C‐mannose to N‐glycans. Patient fibroblasts showed reduced direct contribution of mannose, prompting us to investigate GLUT 11 as potential mannose transporter. RNAi knockdown of GLUT11 confirmed that it directly contributes mannose to N‐glycans , especially at the physiological range (50 µM) suggesting that GLUT11 has low Kuptake for mannose. The reported Km for glucose is 160µM. Preliminary results show that knockdown of GLUT 1 has no effect on mannose flux into N‐glycans. We suggest that GLUT11 is the first mannose‐preferential transporter for N‐glycan synthesis. Other mannose preferential transporters may exist.


Abstract : The current inter-agency doctrinal tools to integrate the decision-sharing elements of battle command at the operational level for defense support to civil authority operations are inadequate under conditions of extremely degraded communications. The rapidly integrated, often ad hoc, civil-military command structures suffer an over-reliance on the availability of digital connectivity to overcome basic frictions of organizational culture. We are not prepared for a digital blackout. Under the conditions of a catastrophic incident within the United States, the prospect is high for a period of "command and confusion" immediately following a natural disaster or a major event of suspicious origin, such as an industrial accident or cascading failure of a majorpower grid. This work examines domestic incident response and defense support to civil authority through the tensions between joint military doctrine, namely Joint Publication 3-28 Civil Support, and interagency guidance, articulated in the National Incident Management System. Doctrine acts as the institutional system of record for organizational decision-making on how to view and how to approach the problem of contested disaster response.


The physicochemical parameters of Katraj lake water namely PH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity and hardness, phosphate content, chloride content, chemical Oxygen demand(COD) and sulphate content have been derived for the half yearly period February 2011- to July 2011. The purpose was to assess the quality of water from the sources in premonsoon and monsoon season. The value obtained for these parameters are PH:6.60–8.12, turbidity: 6-32NTU, total dissolved solids: 140-600mg/lit, alkalinity: 160–310 mg/lit and hardness 46.8–103.4ppm, phosphate 0.18-X10−5- 0.78x10-5 mg/lit, chloride content: 16.12–354.85 mg/lit, Chemical oxygen deand (COD) 1.72–6.0mg/lit and sulphate content 82.66–246.9 mg/lit respectively. It has been observed that there is marked difference in the values for the pre-monsoon month (February-May) and monsoon months (June-July).


In 1994, Transport Canada outlined a new vision for transportation in Canada. Regulation and subsidies would be phased out in favor of a more market oriented approach based on deregulation, privatization, and commercialization. This paper examines the policy and how it has succeeded.


This article mainly discusses the basic arithmetic and mechanism of dynamic loading balance in the network loading balance clustering system. On the basis of the LVS(Linux Virtual Server) with the round robin arithmetic, we realize the degenerative feedback mechanism of cluster and bring forward a basic loading balance model , which is further analyzed.


Flame stabilization by swirl is a common feature of many combustors. While most of the swirl combustors are enclosed, there have been relatively few studies of open swirl-stabilized flames. In the current study, an open swirl-stabilized turbulent premixed flame is studied numerically. The purpose of this work is to obtain a better understanding of the flame properties by simulating the flow field, combustion and heat transfer. Spalding's stretch-cut-slide model is extended to determine the mixing controlled fuel burning rate per unit volume, Sfu,T , which is defined by           + ∂ ∂ + ∂ ∂ − = o L o fu fu,T /l S x v y u 5 . 0 i M , M min n S 2 . The results are comparable to previous studies. Intense combustion occurs in a narrow region. A stationary planar flame is maintained above the burner exit, where the turbulent flame speed is equal to local flow velocity. Although the flame is stabilized by swirl, the flame zone is in fact free of swirl. Predictions reveal that flame stabilization does not rely on recirculation, but on flow divergence, though a recirculation zone is located downstream of the flame. It is noted that the recirculation zone becomes wider and longer under combustion than in cold swirling jets. Apart from an increase of adverse pressure gradient, the decrease in turbulent diffusion tends to increase recirculation in the open system. The strong impingement between swirling jet and reverse flow makes the flame planar. Introduction The necessity to ensure stability and high combustion efficiency and to localize the flame in a given part of the combustion space requires the use of special methods of flow organization. The main principle of combustion stabilization is to create a region where the local velocity is equal to the flame propagation velocity. This is achieved either using a stabilizer in the form of a bluff body, or by means of swirl. Flame stabilization by the latter is a common feature of many combustors and many fundamental aspects of the complex interaction between swirl and flames have been studied experimentally and theoretically. However, most of the swirl combustors are enclosed, and there has been relatively few studies of open turbulent swirl stabilized flames.


Arguments have been provided against the use of the eigenvector as the operator that derives priorities. A highlight of the arguments is that the eigenvector solution does not always respect the condition of ordinal preference (COP) based on the decision maker's judgments. While this condition may be reasonable when dealing with measurable concepts (such as distance or time) that lead to consistent matrices, it is questionable whether it is to be expected in all situations, particularly when the information provided by the decision maker is not fully consistent. The judgments that lead to inconsistency may also contain valuable information that must be considered in the priority assessment process as well. By the other hand, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) use the eigenvector operator to derive the priorities that represent the cardinal decision maker preferences from a pairwise comparison matrix, which do not always respect the COP condition. The AHP and still deeper the ANP (the mathematical generalization of AHP) start from concepts of ordinal metric of dominance and system theory, which is well supported by graph theory and ordinal topology with the Cesaro sum as its fundamental pillar to build metric of dominance. These mathematic concepts has no relation with COP preservation moreover, this two way of thinking are in a course of collision since the second (COP) inhibit the first (Cesaro sum). Systems theory claims that the whole is more than its standalone components, and that internal relationships provide additional information as well. Given that the pairwise comparison matrix is an interrelated system and not just a collection of standalone judgments, we plan to show that the eigenvector, because it is a systemic operator, is the most suitable to represent and capture the behavior of the whole system and its emerging properties.


Circuit protection devices with advanced functionality to be made more compact. Such a protection device has a housing (1), in which a switching device (2), a short-circuit triggering device (3) and a fault current triggering device (5) are arranged. For compact design, and in particular for realizing a narrow construction, the center of the switching device (2), the center of the short-circuit triggering device (3) and the center of the fault current triggering device (5) are arranged substantially in one plane. In this way, for example, miniature circuit breakers with fault current protection switches can be combined in a module, the width of which is a division unit of 18 mm.


This paper presents fixed point operation-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) implementation of Steinhart–Hart Equation (SHHE) for thermistor linearization. FPGA implementation issues of SHHE are presented and their solutions are proposed and experimentally validated in a LabVIEWTM environment. Experimental temperature calibration, performed using a M/S Fluke drywell calibrator, revealed a lowest nonlinearity of 0.11% for an industrial grade thermistor in the input temperature range from −20 °C to 120 °C. Therefore, the main contribution of this work is to demonstrate the lowest nonlinearity for a wider temperature range. This work is expected to be very useful to instrumentation engineers as it employs a time-tested technique, for thermistor linearization in FPGA, leading to the lowest nonlinearity for a larger input temperature range.


WHY Do We Celebrate As "timeless" a book with two hundred years on the clock? On the one hand, we share information about Austen's time and culture precisely because the Georgian setting of Pride and Prejudice has, with the passing of two centuries, faded from view. Our enjoyment of Austen's fiction resides, partly, in nostalgia--a wistful savoring of the temporal distance between then and now. On the other hand, Jane Austen's fiction will not date because the universal truths about human relationships that she so accurately describes do not date--at least not until people learn to behave better. The continued success of Pride and Prejudice on page, stage, and screen is evidence of its lasting efficacy, or agelessness. Putting these proverbial hands together, Austen fans celebrate a worthy contradiction: the greater our historical awareness of our temporal distance from Jane Austen, the closer we feel to her. This awareness is why we catalog the differences between, say, a landaulette, a curricle, a gig, and a barouche. Styles of horse-drawn carriages were encoded with specific social and economic significance in Austen's era. Understanding those cultural codes can bring even modern parallels into better focus. After all, today a Honda, a Volvo, and a Ferrari are not all "just cars" (or so says at least fifty percent of the population). A precise historical knowledge of Regency life and material culture--food, architecture, and costume--can provide insight into Austen's characters and transport us more knowingly back into both her real and imagined worlds. Historicizing Austen is a passport to seeing her genius in action. Yet such historical context requires extra effort. Virginia Woolf famously remarked how Jane Austen is of all great writers the hardest to catch in the act of greatness. It is with an eye to wanting to catch Jane Austen in the act that I share a few findings about famous names in Pride and Prejudice--names that lead to a never-before-considered influence on the fictional Pemberley. Austen, it turns out, was a consummate name-dropper. Her choices of leading names for her imaginary characters were culturally evocative in her day and may even suggest specific locations as ambient settings for her fictions. I do not claim that Austen writes a keyed novel, or what the French call a roman a clef, for hers is not a social satire whose names can be readily decoded to reveal mere one-to-one caricatures of real, historical persons. Still, it may be through her choices of particularly resonant surnames that Austen boldly engages her contemporary culture. To see how names tease in Pride and Prejudice, we have only to turn to the opening scene, where a leading surname points us north. Here Mrs. Bennet announces the arrival of '"a young man of large fortune from the north of England.'" '"What is his name?"' asks Mr. Bennet. '"Bingley,"' she answers (3). As a timeless literary abstraction, the young bachelor's arrival hails the novel's marriage plot. Figuratively, his northern wealth is brought "down" to the genteel south to settle and age there--like a fine wine (3). Soon, we learn specifically that the village of Longbourn lies in Hertfordshire. By settling down at the aptly named Netherfield Park, Bingley and his new merchantile money will eventually become socially palatable. The young man's surname neatly reinforces this symbolic geography with a concrete clue, since the town of Bingley, then as now, lies in the northern county of Yorkshire. All this is as transparent today as it was in 1813, when the novel was first published. In the novel's original Georgian context, however, the name of Bingley, when coupled with a reference to northern wealth, would also conjure up Baron Bingley of Bramham Park in West Yorkshire. (1) During Austen's adulthood, events at the Bingley estate often made it into the London papers, since the Prince Regent was a frequent guest at Bramham Park, where he enjoyed the fox hunts. …


The consideration of a dredged material confinement facility as a solid-liquid separation system requires the use of filter systems for clarifying disposal area effluents. Presented herein are: (1)The types of tests that were performed; (2)the rationale for selecting the range of values for the parameters; (3)the methods and techniques for conducting the tests and collecting the data; (4)an analysis and review of the results. Conclusions are advanced regarding the characteristics and performance capabilities of sands or gravels and anthracites as media for nonmechanized deep bed filtration systems. In general, sands and anthracites with effective grain sizes smaller than 2.0 mm and 3.5 mm and larger than 0.4 mm and 0.8 mm, respectively, are strong candidates for use in disposal area filter systems.


The distribution of interchangeable sucrose-cleaving enzymes' activities in sink organs (stem, root) of silver birch (Betula pendula var. pendula) and Karelian birch (B. pendula var. carelica) seedlings was investigated. It is shown that the dominant sink organ in 1.5‑month-old seedlings is the root, and sucrose cleavage is mainly performed by sucrose synthase. Early in the ontogeny sucrose metabolism in Karelian birch sink organs is more intensive compared to silver birch. As confirmed by the high activity of sucrosecleaving enzymes in the stem, the bulk of metabolites in 5‑month-old silver birch plants were spent on the formation of the stem's structure. We observed high activity of sucrose synthase in the stem of 5‑month-old silver birch seedlings and high activity cell-wall invertase in Karelian birch. Thus, biochemical and molecular differences between silver birch and Karelian birch originate from the early stages of the plants' ontogeny, before the traits of abnormal wood structure become visible in Karelian birch. The effect nitrogen availability on the activity of alternative sucrose-cleaving enzymes is shown. Cultivation of experimental plants in nitrogen-deficient media suppressed sucrose metabolism in sink organs: through reduced activity of sucrose synthase in silver birch, and through reduced activity of acid invertase in Karelian birch. This means that low nitrogen availability to silver birch seedlings resulted in inhibition of xylogenesis, and all the plant's resources were utilized to support root biomass, whereas in Karelian birch it caused a reduction in sucrose cleavage in the apoplast, thus leading to an increase in the amount of parenchyma cells.


We describe the application of trimethyltin hydroxide to the solid phase cleavage of the benzyl ester linkage between amino acids/dipeptides and resins. Butylstannonic acid is used as catalyst for transesterification of various carboxylic esters. This method is also applicable to acetylation/deacetylation of alcohols.


Abstract. In this work the authors try to establish a procedure to damping identification of transmission line cables with interest to estimate in a simple way (proportional) the system damping matrix. The procedure is based on experimental and simulated data. The experimental data are collected through five accelerometers and the simulated data are obtained using the Finite Element Method. To validate the mathematical model it is used the reduction of the system considering the measured degrees-of-freedom. After this, the system damping matrix is estimated through different procedures.


Based on 3D high-resolution seismic data,a series of the high-amplitude reflections(HARs) were discovered in Meishan Formation in deepwater areas of the southern Qiongdongnan Basin using an isometric variance slice technique.The detailed observation of these HARs revealed that the generally E-W oriented HARs have variable scales,being 2-15 km in length and 500-5 000m in width.Small-scale faults are well developed within the HARs.Furthermore,the HARs show various features in different parts of the study area,for instance,they come in an irregular spotted shape in the east but stripped shape in the west.In sections perpendicular to the strike,the HARs are generally V-shaped or U-shaped by appearances and develop mainly on the uplifted Meishan Formation,beneath which there often exist buried faults formed during the rift-subsidence stage and having a strike consistent with the extension of terminal Oligocene faults.Therefore,the origin of HARs was attributed to the fault activation after the rifting of the basin,which resulted in an upward migration of fluids from underlying Paleogene strata,a water-rock interaction of deep fluids along the fault system developed within Meishan Formation,and probably a fluid charge thereafter.The discovery of the HARs in the study area is of directive importance in hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater areas of Qiongdongnan Basin.


Andersson and Eriksson (1982) recently showed that intraspecific nest parasitism in common goldeneyes, Bucephala clangula, was disadvantageous to the host. When up to four eggs of conspecifics were artificially added to goldeneye nests early in the laying cycle, the host reduced her own clutch size by a comparable number of eggs, thus decreasing her net reproductive output. Andersson and Eriksson suggested that female goldeneyes "did not 'realize' they had been parasitized" and that "hosts responded as if the eggs added early were their own, adjusting their final clutch size to a certain total number of eggs" (p. 8). Andersson and Eriksson also reported that duckling survival was negatively related to brood size, implying a potential cost to hosts that accepted parasitic eggs. We present data on interspecific nest parasitism of common goldeneyes by hooded mergansers, Lophodytes cucullatus, which indicate that nest parasitism is not necessarily disadvantageous to the host. We suggest an explanation that reconciles our findings with those of Andersson and Eriksson, and we consider the possibility that hosts with precocial young may occasionally benefit from being parasitized. The study was conducted from 1975 to 1979 at Elk Lake and Long Lake, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada. We monitored nest boxes and brood composition on both lakes over the breeding season in each year. Some 20% of goldeneye nests in nest boxes were parasitized by hooded mergansers, and 7% of all goldeneye broods observed contained hooded merganser ducklings (annual range, 3-11%; N = 121 broods). Such levels of parasitism are not unusual. For example, 35% of goldeneye nests on one Quebec site were parasitized by hooded mergansers (Bouvier 1974). The effect of parasitism on host reproductive success was examined by comparing hatching success and post-hatching survival of young in parasitized and unparasitized ("normal") broods. Hatching success was measured as the number of goldeneye young in newly hatched broods on the first day the brood was observed on the lake. Several broods hatched from natural cavities that had not been located, and some unknown mortality may have occurred prior to our first observation of a brood. Our measures of hatching success therefore represent minimum estimates. The survival of ducklings from hatching to approximately 20 days of age was examined using repeated brood censuses (2-4 per wk). Individual broods could usually be identified by age and location, and it was possible to obtain successive observations over long periods (X = 19.4 days ? 1.4 SE; N = 48). The length of observation periods did not differ between normal and


The replacement of the terminal aorta and its main branches by stored homografts for obliterative disease or aneurysm is an operation which is being performed with increasing frequency. More recently (Hufnagel, 1955; Rob, 1956; Owen, 1956; Kinmonth et al., 1955) these vessels have been successfully replaced by plastic artificial arteries made of " orlon," "nylon," or polyvinyl sponge, particularly in cases of aneurysm. After new and technically successful procedures such as these have been practised for a number of years it is well to review and take stock of the results carefully, for it is only as the long-term follow-up results begin to emerge that a true perspective can be obtained. Although large numbers of these operations have been reported from various centres (Linton, 1956; Rob et al., 1956; DeBakey et al., 1955), so far few detailed followup studies over an adequate period of time on individual series have appeared. In our experience any follow-up of less than one year is inadequate for assessing results in this type of surgery. It is during the first year that delayed occlusion of anastomosis is most likely to take place. It is only on such figures, combined with an estimate of the mortality and morbidity, that the indications for these procedures can be finally assessed. Thus the purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to describe our experience with 30 patients in whom reconstruction or replacement of the aortic bifurcation or one of its major branches has been carried out, and to describe the follow-up results to date; (2) to enumerate some of the lessons we have learned on the technique of doing these operations and handling the patients; and (3) to present some conclusions as to the long-term results which may be expected, and therefore on the indications for operative treatment. We have confined this paper to our experiences with the large arteries, ranging from the aorta to the common femoral. Our experiences with the commoner femoral-artery occlusions will be the subject of a further paper.


Four grapevine training systems (single curtain, vertical shoot-positioned, high bush, and short bush) were compared for their effects on physiological performance, yield, vegetative growth, and must composition in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo in Mediterranean weather conditions. Net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were measured at the beginning of bunch closure, veraison, and maturity on fully exposed leaves. At each stage, changes in these values were measured in the morning, at midday, and in the afternoon. Differences in individual leaf responses among treatments were the result of photosynthetically active radiation levels on the outer leaves. Fully exposed leaves of the bush-trained vines had the highest stomatal conductance and transpiration rates and those of the high-bush vines had the highest photosynthetic rates. Grape yield results showed that the vertical shoot-positioned system was the most productive, adjusted for its greater pruning level. Although acceptable grape quality was obtained with all four systems, single curtain and high bush had greater total soluble solids at the expense of lower grape yield.


Objective To investigate the effects of NHE 1 antisense RNA on apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMC) in vitro.Methods Based on the sequence of NHE 1 mRNA,the DNA sequence encoding NHE 1 antisense RNA was obtained by PCR and subcloned into the multiple clone sites BamHI/EcoRI in retroviral vector pLXSN.Then the recombined plasmid was transfered into cultured PASMC.Expression of NHE 1 mRNA and cell cycle were detected by sqRT PCR and flow cytometric DNA analysis respectively.Intracellular pH(pHi) was measured using fluorescence dye BCECF AM.Cell apoptosis was observed with electron microscopy and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase medited dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) respectively.Results The NHE 1 mRNA expression and pHi values of cells transfected with the recombined plasmid decreased significantly than those cells transfected with pLXSN and nontransfected control.Meanwhile,the apoptosis rate of these cells increased significantly and electron microscopy also showed cell apoptosis of these cells.Conclusion NHE 1 inhibition can induce apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell by causing intracellular acidification.


In order to effectively prevent and control the college financial risk,this paper on the basis of analyzing the causes of college financial risk,an index system to measure the college financial risk is designed in five aspects of overall imbalance risk,capital operating risk,college enterprise financial risk,college loans financial risk and non-financial factors risk,and then uses improved efficiency coefficient method to make up a multiple index and comprehensive monitoring college financial risk measuring model,it is expected to effectively distinguish financial risks,and to realize its monitoring and early warning function so as to play a role in financial management in colleges and colleges.


Based on mathematical statistics principles and connecting with observation data of Fenhe Reservoir's dam deformation, an optical regression model suitable for earth dam settlement of Fenhe Reservoir is selected. By using this model, some original settlements of Fenhe Reservoir's earth dam failed to measure can be recovered, some disconnected settlements can be supplemented, and the final settlement can be forecasted.


By using literature and statistics,the comparison of age,height and weight among the,the top eight soccer teams and the top four soccer teams of the 19th world cup football match are studied.The results showed that the athletes of Asia had a great gap with world excellent athletes in age,height and weight index.We should learn from the succesful operating experience of the football advanced countries in the world and decrease the gap between them.


Kaolin preloaded with KOH is shown to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of the title compounds (III) from indoles (I) and isatins (II).


Indian grass fiber reinforced soy based biocomposites were fabricated by using twin-screw extrusion and injection molding technology. The thermal and mechanical properties and the morphology of the biocomposites were evaluated using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), a universal testing system (UTS), and an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Raw Indian grass fiber improved the tensile and flexural properties as well as the heat deflection temperature (HDT), but did not improve the impact strength of the biocomposites. The impact fracture of the raw Indian grass fiber reinforced biocomposites was found to occur on the outer surface of the fiber, due to intrinsic differences in the morphological structure between the outer and inner surfaces of the grass fiber. Treatment of the Indian grass fiber with an alkali solution significantly improved the tensile, impact, and flexural strengths of its reinforced soy based biocomposites, presumably due to the homogeneous dispersion of fibers in the ...


In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in the number of multinational law firms. These firms have offices in various jurisdictions worldwide. At the same time, we have seen a growth in the outsourcing of certain legal work to countries, such as India and SE Asia. This is indicative of the globalisation of law. However, it raises problems, especially in terms of the potential for conflicts of interest. This article looks at these developments in light of existing professional practice rules as they apply in Australia as well as other selected jurisdictions. The author concludes that there is a need for a more international regulatory framework in order to respond to these changes.