With the advancement of information technology and the advent of geotechnologies, the greater the number of global, regional and local information, the greater the possibility of successful planning. This article aimed to superimpose information from rural properties, areas of preserved vegetation and springs in areas of family and non-family agriculture, in the region of the Alto Jequitinhonha Chapadas and Grotas, using as a database the information provided by SICAR (National System of the Rural Environmental Registry), IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and topographic information provided by SRTM. For processing the information, ArcGis 10.3 geoprocessing software was used. The information was overlapped using the software's own tools. It was possible that the region of Alto Jequitinhonha is a region of traditional and numerous family farming, where the relief formed by chapadas and grotas determined the different processes of occupation and use of the soils in the region. The arrival of large enterprises, mainly the reforestation with eucalyptus, altered dramatically the dynamics of the region, from the data s of the CAR it was possible to observe changes in the use and possession of land, water resources and native vegetation.


Inhibition of return (IOR) is a mechanism that indicates individuals' faster responses or higher accuracy to targets appearing in the novel location relative to the cued location. According to the "reorienting hypothesis," disengagement from the cued location is necessary for the generation of IOR. However, more and more studies have questioned this theory because of dissociation between voluntary or involuntary spatial orienting and the IOR effect. To further explore the "reorienting hypothesis" of IOR, the present experiment employed an atypical cue-target paradigm which combined a spatially non-predictive peripheral cue that was presumed to trigger IOR with a spatially non-predictive central cue that was used to reflexively trigger a shift of attention. The results showed that a significant IOR effect did not interact with automatic spatial orienting as measured in mean RTs and accuracy as well as the Nd component. These findings suggested that the IOR effect triggered by peripheral cue was independent of automatic orienting generated by a central cue. Therefore, the present study provided evidence from location task and neural aspects, which again challenged the "reorienting hypothesis" of IOR.


In order to improve the ability of eddy current probes for inspection of hidden defects in metal materials, a new eddy current probe using a solenoid coil as the excitation source was proposed based on the analysis of eddy current distribution using ANSYS software. With application of the new probe to inspection of defects, vertical eddy currents of larger penetration depth can be generated in metal materials. And the detectable depth of delamination defects in materials can be greatly improved. Simulation results show that the new probe proposed in this paper has strong detection ability and can detect the internal delamination defects in the 25 mm depth of the stainless steel thick-walled structure.


The World Wide Web is most important facet in every part of the world. All areas in IT and other industries run using this WWW which contains large amount of data. The World Wide Web includes more and more websites each containing large data and it is highly demanded. Web pages are the useful aspect for retrieving required data from internet but problem in web page data retrieval is, it sometimes contains irrelevant data. This article is intended to retrieve the relevant data by segmenting web pages and removing noise in segmented web pages via K-means Algorithm in clustering.


Nordregio has been commissioned by Boverket to perform a Nordic comparative study on strengths and weaknesses in the housing development and construction process in four urban regions: Stockholm, C ...


At the Wisconsin Steel Company's Mill at South Chicago the turbine utilizes the exhaust steam from a reversible engine which drives the blooming rolls. The steam passes first to the receiver which takes out the shock of the puffs of steam, thence to the steam accumulator or "regenerator", and from there to the turbine and condenser. The general layout of the plant is shown in Fig. 2.


We have measured ..pi../sup +/p, ..pi../sup -/p, and pp elastic scattering at an incident-beam momentum of 200 GeV/c in the region of -t, four-momentum transfer squared, from 0.021 to 0.665 (GeV/c)/sup 2/. The data allow an investigation of the t dependence of the logarithmic forward slope parameter bequivalent(d/dt)(ln dsigma/dt). In addition to standard parametrizations, we use functional forms suggested by the additive quark model to fit the measured dsigma/dt distributions. Within the context of this model we estimate the size of the clothed quark in the pion and proton. Limits on the elastic-scattering amplitude derived from unitarity bounds are checked, and no violations are observed.


Florida manatees are found throughout the southeastern United States. Because manatees are a sub-tropical species with little tolerance for cold, they are generally restricted to the inland and coastal waters of peninsular Florida during the winter, when they shelter in and/or near warmwater springs, industrial effluents, and other warm water sites (Hartman 1979, Lefebvre et al. 2001, Stith et al. 2007). In warmer months, manatees leave these sites and can disperse great distances. Individuals have been sighted as far north as Massachusetts, as far west as Texas, and in all states in between (Rathbun et al. 1982, Schwartz 1995, Fertl et al. 2005, USFWS Jacksonville Field Office, unpub. data 2008a). Warm weather sightings are most common in Florida and coastal Georgia.


This writeup is drawn closely from chapter 27 of Paul Garrett's text Abstract Algebra, available from Chapman and Hall/CRC publishers and also available online at Paul Garrett's web site. Throughout the writeup, let A be a commutative ring with 1. Every A-module is assumed to have the unital property that 1 A ·x = x for all x in the module. Also, the reader is alerted that A-modules are not assumed to be free unless so stated.


The invention discloses a method for producing 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid. Phenoxyacetic acid is introduced with chlorine in a mixed solvent in the presence of catalysts phenothiazine and dimethylamino pyridine for reaction to prepare finished 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid, wherein the mixed solvent is a mixed solvent which consists of two or more solvents of water, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, acetone, butanone, acetic acid, acetonitrile, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and C1-C7 monohydric alcohol. The method for producing the 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid has the advantages of convenient operation and good environmental protection, the yield of the 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid is improved to over 95 percent, and the content of active ingredient is improved to over 97 percent.


This paper discusses the generalized play hysteresis operator in connection with the KdV equation. Results from the nonlinear semigroup theory are applied to assure the existence and uniqueness. The KdV equation with hysteresis is reduced to a system of differential inclusions and solved.


With the development of next generation high power electronic devices, high temperature stability requirements of packaging materials are becoming more stringent. Therefore, demands for high performance epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) are ever increasing. EMCs are widely used as electronic packaging materials for their excellent properties, such as strong adhesion and good chemical resistance. However, EMCs generally fail under high temperature and exhibit degradation of properties due to thermo-oxidative aging. Incorporation of cyanate ester into epoxy system significantly increases the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of epoxy matrix for EMC. In this study, antioxidants are added into cyanate ester/epoxy co-curing system as thermal stabilizers to alleviate the thermo-oxidative degradation. The effects of two different phenol antioxidants are evaluated.


We showed that malic enzyme and F-type ATPase isolated from glycophytes and halophytes do not differ significantly in their amino acid composition. Isolated enzymes from both types of plants showed nearly identical salt sensitivity, each, but enzyme activities in fresh homogenates from halophyte leaves apparently were more salt resistant as compared to the ones from glycophytes. These results suggest that some cytosolic compounds other than the tested enzymes bring about salt tolerance. We observed distinct differences in photosynthate export out of the chloroplasts when comparing salt stress response of glycophytes and halophytes. In contrast to glycophytes metabolite leakage out of the chloroplasts or internal metabolite pool size are more strictly regulated in halophytes. Pronounced differences were observed, when measuring P-type ATPase activities at the plasmalemma. Apparently, most of the difference between salt tolerant plants (halophytes) and glycophytes is due to a faster and (Less)


The search for new antibiotics has stimulated a variety of different approaches for identification of novel producers throughout the world. Actinomycetes, as potent candidates, continue to be isolated by traditional and new methods from a wide variety of soils and substrates. The lists of new antibiotics and new Actinomycetes species suggest that the careful exploration of new soils and habitats might continue to be useful. However, in this regard, distribution, isolation, identification and detection of active Streptomycetes microflora of Iran is not well investigated. In preliminary screening of soil inhabitant Actinomycetes, we isolated (Streptomyces plicatus strain 101) from soils of an apple orchard in Kerman province, southeast of Iran. It revealed high antagonistic activity against wide range of plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Identification to the genus level was based mainly on morphological characters. Electron microscopy and direct observations revealed the morphological criteria as: color of aerial mycelia was gray, reverse color was negative and spore chains were spiral with smooth spore surface. Physiological characterizations indicated that it can utilize Inositol, Mannitol, Fructose, Rhamnose and Xylose but not Arabinose, Raffinose and Sucrose and without melanoid or soluble pigments.


To understand the spatial distribution of spontaneous combustion zones under a Y ventilation scheme, field tests and numerical modelling studies were carried out on a longwall face in Fenghuangshan mine. Computational fluid dynamics models were developed and base model results validated using tube bundle gas monitoring data. A three dimensional high oxygen concentration zone where spontaneous combustion was most likely to occur was predicted behind the longwall face. Parametric studies were conducted to develop proactive goaf inertisation strategies to minimise the spontaneous combustion zones. Results indicated that effective goaf inertisation can be achieved by injecting inert gas on the belt road side at least 100 m behind the face, and, if underground access becomes prohibitive, injection can be carried out via surface wells/boreholes. Injection behind the retaining wall is only effective for localised heating(s) around the injection point(s), as much of the injected inert gas will be dispersed by air leakage along the unconsolidated goaf boundary. INTRODUCTION Spontaneous heating of coal has always been an issue of mine safety concern for mines operating seams liable to heating. There has been persistent effort for engineers and researchers to understand the mechanism of self-heating of coal and the prevention of its further development into spontaneous combustion or open fire. Experimental studies were carried out by Beamish (2005) and Beamish et al. (2005a; 2005b) to investigate the relationship between R70 and coal rank (together with the ash content and moisture) aiming at better evaluating the risk of spontaneous combustion. Yuan and Smith (2007; 2008; 2009) conducted numerical studies on the self-heating of coal in longwall gobs where the impact of bleeder and bleederless ventilation system was investigated. Rapid inertisation strategies were developed by Ren et al. (2005) and Ren and Balusu, (2009) by inert gas injection in longwall goafs assisted by extensive Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling, and field application demonstrated the success in converting goaf into an inert environment; Whilst in China, the three-phase foam (composed of mud, nitrogen, and water), slurry-grouting, gel and inert gas are typical strategies carried out in field for goaf inertisation and fire control (Zhou, et al., 2006; Liang and Luo, 2008). Like many other coal production countries, a large number of Chinese coal mines are also under the threat of spontaneous combustion (Liang and Luo, 2008). Fenghuangshan is a Chinese coal mine famous for its good quality coal (Anthracite/hard coal). Although the coal is identified as spontaneous combustion prone, Y type ventilation was adopted for 154307 longwall face to minimise the number of coal pillars and increase the coal extraction rate simultaneously. This paper presents the development of 3D CFD models as a tool to investigate oxygen ingress distribution patterns particularly potential spontaneous oxidation zones behind the face and the optimisation of inertisation strategies under the mining condition of Fenghuangshan mine. OXYGEN INGRESS INTO LONGWALL GOAF It is acknowledged that Y type ventilation can lead to higher levels of oxygen penetration into the goaf than the U type ventilation (Smith, et al., 1994). For the effective control of a possible goaf fire development in a spontaneous combustion prone coal seam, the air ingress patterns must be well understood and the gas compositions in the goaf carefully monitored to understand the changes of goaf atmosphere as the longwall retreats from its start-up line. Figure 1 shows the layout and ventilation system of the 154307 longwall face, in which both belt road and rail transport road are used to bring fresh air to the face. As the face retreats from the start-up line, 1 University of Wollongong, Australia, email@example.com 2 Taiyuan University of Technology, China 2012 Coal Operators' Conference The University of Wollongong 16 – 17 February 2012 213 caved goaf is formed immediately behind face, and the rail (track) roadway behind the face (which would collapse normally) is maintained by building a retaining wall close to the longwall goaf, and used as a bleeder road for air return in this case, thus forming the Y type ventilation. A tube bundle system was employed on site along the retaining wall at intervals of 30 to 50 m (refer to the red points in Figure 1) to monitor changes of goaf gas composition (distribution) inside the retaining wall along the goaf edges, especially the levels of carbon monoxide (CO) which has been widely used as an indicator gas for spontaneous heating. Gas samples were collected every two days and analysed by dedicated gas chromatograph (GC) on the surface. Figure 2 provides a snapshot of oxygen distribution in the goaf along the retaining wall when the longwall face had retreated some 850 m from the start-up line. Gas monitoring data showed that there was significant ingression of fresh air on the goaf rib side, with high oxygen levels at more than 18% even 700 m behind the face. This high level oxygen leakage could lead to the development of self heating of residual coal in the goaf, particularly around the edge of unconsolidated goaf inside the retaining wall. Figure 1 Longwall face layout and ventilation system Figure 2 Oxygen concentration changes along the goaf BASE CFD MODEL RESULTS AND VALIDATION A three dimensional CFD model was developed to represent the longwall face which was 780 m in length, 176.4 m in width and 80 m in height to cover the caved and fractured zones in the goaf. Figure 3 shows the geometry of the CFD model, boundary conditions and computational grid. As an integrated part of the CFD numerical modelling, validation of base model results was carried out using the field gas monitoring data. Figure 4 shows a comparison of the predicted oxygen concentration levels and field monitoring data inside the retaining wall along the goaf. CFD modelling results show that the oxygen ingress inside the retaining wall remains as high as 20% even up to 700 m behind the longwall, indicating that significant air leakage between the retaining wall and boundary of consolidated goaf. A good agreement can be observed between the base CFD modelling result and field gas monitoring data. The base model was then used to investigate the spatial distribution of spontaneous heating zones and proactive goaf inertisation strategies. 335


An introduction for engineers, technicians, students and electronics buffs, covering the latest digital systems, hardware, transmission methods, and government involvement. As the Federal Communications Commission prepares to choose a standard high-definition television system for the US market, HDTV continues to advance both technologically and legislatively towards full acceptance in North America. The book gives users an inside look at the technical aspects of this revolutionary video technology. The only journalistic member of the FCC's panel of experts testing HDTV systems, Stan Prentiss is able to bring to this new edition the most current information possible on transmission and receiving systems, their advantages and disadvantages, and the methods being used to produce them. A supplement to, rather than an update of, the first edition, "HDTV", 2nd edition will help communications specialists and marketers profit from the new age of video communications.


In the standard interpretation of spin-density functional theory, a self-consistent Kohn-Sham calculation within the local spin density (LSD) or generalized gradient approximation (GGA) leads to a prediction of the total energy E, total electron density n(r)=${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}}$(r)+${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\downarrow}}}$(r), and spin magnetization density m(r)=${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}}$(r)-${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\downarrow}}}$(r). This interpretation encounters a serious ``symmetry dilemma'' for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$, and many other molecules. Without changing LSD or GGA calculational methods and results, we escape this dilemma through an alternative interpretation in which the third physical prediction is not m(r) but the on-top electron pair density P(r,r), a quantity more directly related to the total energy in the absence of an external magnetic field. This alternative interpretation is also relevant to antiferromagnetic solids. We argue that the nonlocal exchange-correlation energy functional, which must be approximated, is most nearly local in the alternative spin-density functional theory presented here, less so in the standard theory, and far less so in total-density functional theory. Thus, in LSD or GGA, predictions of spin magnetization densities and moments are not so robust as predictions of total density and energy. The alternative theory helps to explain the surprising accuracy of LSD and GGA energies, and suggests that the correct solution of the Kohn-Sham equations in LSD or GGA is the fully self-consistent broken-symmetry single determinant of lowest total energy.


Objective:To discuss the early diagnostic methods and treatment of trauma of upper cervical spine.Methods:A total of 35 cases of injury of upper cervical spine from January in 2000 to July in 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Among the 35 cases,6 were atlas fractures,24 fractures of axis,and 5 atlantoaxial dislocations without fractures.Except 3 with old dens fractures and 2 with old atlantoaxial dislocations,the others were acute injuries.The early diagnosis and treatment and prognosis were evaluated.Results:Six cases were misdiagnosed.Thirty-five cases had X-ray examination followed by CT or MRI scanning in order to clarify the diagnosis and classification.Eighteen cases had surgical treatments,including 5 patients with dens fractures which had surgical treatments after early conservative treatments,and 2 patients with old atlantoaxial dislocations who were missed early diagnosis,16 cases were cured by conservative treatments including 3 cases with dens fractures type Ⅲ in malunion.One patient with compound injury had been in hospital for 3 months and was discharged when the diagnosis of atlantoaxial dislocation was clear.Thirty-three cases were followed up for 4~38 months.Among the 33 cases,all fractures healed,4 atlantoaxial dislocations were reduced,the stability of upper cervical spine were maintained good,and the functions of nerves became better.Conclusion:In order to avoid missing diagnosis,the methods of imaging examination of the upper cervical spine should be selected early,reasonably step by step and properly.In the treatment,fractures and dislocations should be reduced,and the stability of the upper cervical spine should be restored as early as possible.


SINTEF has been responsible for evaluations of adaptive signal control (SPOT/UTOPIA) in several Scandinavian areas. As an extension of our involvement, SINTEF is currently involved in simulations of adaptive signal control in Chicago. The work is been done in cooperation with Peek Traffic Norway. The aim of the project is both to give the Public Authority in Chicago answers about the effects of adaptive signal control as well as gaining experience for our further development of the tools. Traffic responsive signal systems can, compared to fixed signaling, achieve better traffic flow and at the same time give special priority to selected groups. In Norway the Public Authority are implementing the Italian SPOT/UTOPIA signal system in several cities. The aim of the installations is to give priority to the public transport. Therefore the installations are founded by grants reserved for public transport. When the sites consist of more than 8-10 intersections with signals, it becomes too complex to optimize from a local level.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of science fiction stories developed by comic technique on creative thinking skills of 11 grade students. The one-group pretest-posttest design is used in the study. Science-fiction stories developed by comics technique was used as training materials. A black and white comic book series created by Jean-Pierre Petit and Gilles d'Agostini, which has parallels with modern physics unit of physics curriculum, was selected. The research was conducted in the first semester of the school year of 2012/2013 and carried out with 30 students who studied in Anatolian High School for 5 weeks during class hours. The Divergent Thinking Scale (DTS) developed by Williams (1980) was used to measure the students' creative thinking skills. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests, the associated samples t-test, and descriptive analysis techniques were used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that there was a significant difference between Creativity Assessment Packet pre-test and post-test scores. Also, there was a significant difference between flexibility and originality pre-test and post-test scores, which are creative thinking sub-dimensions, of students who participated in the research. It was concluded from the study that science fiction studies developed using comic technique could be as a material to improve students' creative thinking abilities.


goods and services for which short-run substitutes were limited. Even the well-known interventions of the Popular Front in France in the 1930s was limited to aircraft and airlines, while the U.K.'s declining relative industrial dominance from the 1920s threatened its relative military strength and prompted a swift departure from laissez-faire. The 1945–1950 nationalizations in France and the U.K. were limited to socalled basic industries. The strategic parameters changed in the second half of the twentieth century, but did they play no role in Brazil and the other countries that the authors have studied? My fourth reservation recognizes that, even when state policy is not simply profits, there are important efficiency considerations like costs and productivity, yet this book produces few data of this kind and the use of labor productivity, in the absence of figures on total factor productivity, can be misleading. All of which has to be taken in the context of a very well-argued piece of applied economics providing valuable insights on the new era of state ownership, and this book will be an important reference point for future work on state-business relations.


Many people take the first step toward marriage with the expectation of happiness. Marital satisfaction appears to be a concept that seeks to represent the happiness perceived by individuals concerning their marital relationship. It is important to expand research on this concept in terms of determining what affects the quality of marital relationships. Marital satisfaction is defined as Many variables that affect marital satisfaction were considered. It is a common opinion that spousal support affects the marital relationship. Many adults perceive marriage as a source of privileged support and emotional intimacy (Levinger & Huston, 1990; Weiss & Halford, 1996). Moreover, supportive actions are considered important for preventing the start of a set of cognitive and emotional events that would make relationships forced or cause disruptions and conflicts in relationships (Lawrence et al., 2008). According to Rugel (1997), lack of support is the basis for many problematic marriages, whereas supportive behavior prevents the increase of marital conflicts. Cutrona (1996a) states that perceived spousal support in stressful situations prevents emotional withdrawals, which cause harm to marriages, and that it increases peoples belief that they are not alone and that they can easily overcome the situation in question. Because of the importance of spouses' perception of support in stressful situations, some research has been conducted on patient support provided by his/ her spouse, and on the patient's perception of the support he/she received, namely, how and to what extent it affected the patient. Research conducted regarding breast cancer patients in Korea found that there is a positive relationship between perceived spousal support and stress management, health responsibility, interpersonal relations, spiritual growth, and nutrition (Kim & Park, 2014). Boeding et al.'s (2014) research revealed that higher levels of perceived partner support for women with breast cancer resulted in higher levels of marital satisfaction for their husbands. Low levels of stress management in couples are considered to be an important predictor of divorce (Bodenmann, 2005; Bodenmann & Cina, 2006). Spouses primarily turn to each other in stressful situations (Dakof & Taylor, 1990) and they regard their spouse as supporter in all kinds of situations, initially as emotional support transferring empathy and interest (Beach, Martin, Blum, & Roman, 1993) because the support that married individuals obtain from their social network does not equal the support they obtain from their spouses (Coyne & DeLongis, 1986). According to Cutrona (1996b), four aspects of spousal support are considered useful for increasing marital satisfaction and for the continuation of a marriage. Firstly, spousal support helps prevent emotional withdrawal and depression in stressful situations. In their research on the predictive effect of marital satisfaction on subsequent depressive symptoms, Miller et al. …


A uniform ceramic coating was prepared on 6063 aluminum alloy surface by micro-arc oxidation in an alkaline electrolyte mainly consisting of Na 2 SiO 3 . The growth law of the ceramic coating was studied. The surface morphology and phase composition of the coatings prepared in different oxidation time were observed and analyzed by SEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the integrity and corrosion resistance of the coatings were examined. The total thickness of the coatings is increased with increasing oxidation time, and the coating grows gradually from outward to inward, and the surface roughness is linearly increased. The hardness of the inner dense layer is higher than that of the outer loose layer, and their difference increases with increasing oxidation time. The ceramic coatings are mainly composed of α-Al 2 O 3 and γ-Al 2 O 3 . The content of γ-Al 2 O 3 is reduced and that of α-Al 2 O 3 is increased gradually with extending oxidation time. The γ-values of the ceramic coatings obtained in various oxidation time are all greater than 1, and the required integrity of coatings is thus fulfilled. The corrosion resistance of the coatings in 3.5wt% NaCl solution is increased initially and then decreased with prolonging oxidation time.


Objective To learn the college students in health-related behaviors and to provide the basis and foundation for interventions about behavior and lifestyle.Methods By the methods of questionnaires and interviews,using the idea of Green mode as sociological diagnosis,epidemiological diagnosis,behavioral and environmental diagnosis,education and ecological diagnosis,management and policy diagnosis.Results The most important problems among college students are low resistance,sleep problems,poor mental state and gastrointestinal diseases.They are closely related with sports less,stay up late,eating disorders and other unhealthy lifestyle and behavior.But partly students are lack of awareness about these problems.Conclusion We should use appropriate health education and rational school management system to correct the students' bad habits from tendency factors contributing factors and intensified factors.Improve quality of life though develop individual students' behavior and establish healthy living habits.


Common methods for checking a user's identity (e.g., passwords) do not consider personal elements characterizing a subject. In this paper, we present a study on the exploitation of eye information for biometric purposes. Data is acquired when the user enters a PIN (Personal Identification Number) through the gaze, by means of an on-screen virtual numeric keypad. Both identification (i.e., the recognition of a subject in a group) and verification (i.e., the confirmation of an individual's claimed identity) are considered. Using machine learning algorithms, we performed two kinds of analysis, one for the entire PIN sequence and one for each key (i.e., digit) in the series. Overall, the achieved results can be considered satisfying in the context of "soft biometrics", which does not require very high success rates and is meant to be used along with other identification or verification techniques-in our case, the PIN itself-as an additional security level.


Reliability tests for production level 6 inch InGaP HBTs have been investigated. 6 inch InGaP HBTs have been fabricated and qualified in terms of etching and DC/RF performance uniformity before the reliability test issues. A three temperature accelerated test has been performed to predict MTTF at a certain temperature using the Arrhenius expression. The extrapolated MTTF at a junction temperature 125/spl deg/C is 1.5/spl times/10/sup 8/ hours with an activation energy of 1.98 eV. Furthermore, humidity stress tests were also carried out.


A method of manufacturing a metallic cable with three concentric layers (C1, C2, C3), rubberized in situ, of construction M + N + P, comprising a first inner layer (C1) consisting of M son diameter d, M varying of 1 to 4, around which are wound together in a helix at a pitch p in a second intermediate layer (C2), N son diameter d, N ranging from 3 to 12, around which are wound together in a helix at a pitch p, by a third outer layer (C3), P son diameter d, P ranging from 8 to 20, said method comprising the following steps performed in line: - a step of assembling by twisting N son around the first layer (C1) for forming a point, called the "assembly point" an intermediate cord called "core strand" of construction M + N; - downstream of the connection point, a sheathing step the core strand M + N by a rubber composition called "filling rubber" in the uncured state; - a step of assembling by twisting P son of the first layer (C3) around the core strand thus sheathed; - a final balancing step twists. Device for the implementation of such a method.


Virtual reality represents both the hope and the hype of computer science. With its promise of providing highly interactive and responsive interfaces to computer applications, virtual reality suffers from a media blitz that threatens its success before it becomes reality. The term virtual reality conjures up notions of science fiction in many people's minds. Despite an abundance of hype, virtual reality is slowly emerging as an important new way of interacting with computer applications and simulations. Virtual reality is an attempt to provide an interactive, immersive interface to a synthetic, computer-generated world. It is the logical extension and coupling of recent progress in the fields of computer graphics and human-computer interaction (HCI). In the following discussions, we will attempt to separate the fiction of virtual reality from the science. In addition to providing a general introduction to virtual reality, we will focus on current technology and techniques as well as future possibilities. Discussions include history, display devices, interaction devices, design tools, and applications. Before delving into the details and technology of virtual reality, let us first consider what we mean by the term virtual reality.


In her 1972 book, The Future of Marriage, and again in the second edition (1982), Bernard concluded that the future viability of marriage will depend upon "upgrading" marriage for women. After reviewing the literature on marriage, she declared that two marriages exist, his and hers, and that marriage is more attractive and healthier for the former than for the latter. Bernard (1982) was optimistic that couples were struggling to improve marriage to make it beneficial for both spouses, although achieving an equal division of employment and family work was "still more talked about than practiced" (p. 300). According to more recent research, equality between marital partners continues to reflect incongruency between ideology and practice. Individual couples may experience more congruency between talk and action, but for the majority of married couples, the discrepancy remains. Traditional marital and family life, described as "patriarchal but father-absent" (Luepnitz, 1988, p. 111), is a tenacious script that some couples are attempting to rewrite with much effort and disappointment. Past research has found that when women in traditional marriages assume a feminist identity, they and their relational expectations change a great deal but their husbands have little interest in changing their beliefs and behaviors (Acker, Barry, & Esseveld, 1981). Hochschild (1989) noted the incongruency between ideology and practice in marriage when she considered "the second shift" (i.e., housework, parental responsibilities, and domestic management). While 18% of the men studied shared the work of the second shift equally with their wives, the majority did not. However, even though research such as Hochschild's reports a continued incongruency for the majority of couples, it also indicates that, for some couples, congruency between the ideology and the practice of marital equality is possible (Gilbert, 1993; Jump & Haas, 1987). Among the men who subscribed to an egalitarian ideology, 70% shared equally, while only 22% of the men subscribing to a traditional ideology and 3% of men subscribing to a transitional ideology shared equally. Certainly an ideology of marital equality increases the possibility of sharing family work, although it is not a guarantee. FEMINISM AND MARRIAGE Feminism highlights first and foremost the oppressive character of structural inequality based on gender (Osmond & Thorne, 1993). Recent theorizing on gender has examined "the process of the social construction of maleness and femaleness as oppositional categories with unequal social value" (Ferree, 1990, p. 868). Distinctions based on gender require the ignoring and even suppression of similarities by "the constant and contentious process of en-gendering behavior as separate and unequal" (Ferree, 1990, p. 869). Gender becomes, along with race, sexual orientation, class, and age, an organizing category of peoples' lives. Feminist analyses have provided an excellent critique of relationships as gendered constructions. Over the past two decades, feminists have demonstrated the problematic nature of marital and family life for women (Glenn, 1987). Women are the marital partners responsible for a family's emotional intimacy, for adapting their sexual desires to their husbands', for monitoring the relationship and resolving conflict from a subordinate position, and for being as independent as possible without threatening their husbands' status (Fishman, 1983; Thompson & Walker, 1989). Feminism has provided a critique of traditional gender-structured marriage, resulting in an awareness of its overwhelming cost to women in financial, emotional, and physical dimensions. The problematic nature of marriage for women has been linked to its centrality in patriarchy, the devaluation of women's work, and the hierarchy of gender (Ferree, 1990; Glenn, 1987). Previously published research indicates a higher involvement of men in family life when married to women with equal or higher education, income, and status (Jump & Haas, 1987; Perry-Jenkins & Crouter, 1990). …


In human medicine, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is an established therapeutic procedure for treatment of renal calculi. In the last few years extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) also has been used in human orthopedic treatment, especially chronic insertion tendopathy/desmitis such as "tennis elbow," tendinosis calcarea, and pseudarthrosis. In the veterinary field, the use of ESWT is at the beginning. So far, there is little information about different indications, treatment regimens and long term results. Since June 1998, at the Tierklinik Telgte, Germany, horses with different orthopedic conditions have been treated with Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapyt. The aims were 1) to collect first experiences with the new therapy; and 2) to establish the treatment as standard indication for limited indications. Therapy of chronic insertion desmopathy of the proximal suspensory ligament in equine front and hind limb is somewhat frustrating. This condition is characterized by a high rate of recurrence and low success rate. Systemic or local application of antiphlogistics and corticoids, blistering, combined with long periods without work and finally surgery (peripheral neurectomy) are described and documented. Long term follow up information about the treatment of chronic longstanding high suspensory desmitis are still missing in veterinary literature. This condition seemed to be ideal for ESWT treatment evaluation, for ESWT is known as a safe, alternative, non-invasive therapy without serious side effects.


This study aims to confirm previous North American and North European findings about the normal developmental pattern of infant crying by studying the crying of Italian babies. A cohort of 70 healthy, full-term Italian infants was assessed longitudinally at 2, 5 and 8 weeks of age. Mothers were asked to fill in 24-h behaviour diaries for 3 consecutive days at each age. Results show significant differences in the amount of daily crying between 2 and 8 weeks and between 5 and 8 weeks. Different from other similar studies, no significant cry peak at 5 weeks was found in the Italian babies, but the amount of time Italian mothers spent holding their babies showed a peak at 5 weeks. Infants cried more during the evenings and mothers carried them most during this part of the day. Significant correlations between maternal holding and infant crying were found both concurrently and predictively. The amount of infant crying at 2 weeks predicted the amount of holding at 5 weeks. Results confirmed previous findings about the individual stability of daily crying in the first 8 weeks of age, but future research should take account of cultural variations in maternal holding in studying infant crying in different societies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The mammary gland of the human male, though generally dismissed as vestigial, deserves more attention than it has received. Like its counterpart in the female, it is subject to both inflammatory and neoplastic disease. It occasionally increases to such a size that the resulting gynecomastia becomes a medical or surgical problem, and actual lactation has been reported repeatedly. 1 Although the phrase "mastitis adolescentium" occurs in the literature, 2 we have not found any data on the frequency of this condition nor on the behavior of the gland in the normal pubescent boy. Unpublished observations on 49 boys in southern Wisconsin convinced Jung that a certain degree of mammary hypertrophy must be a regular feature of normal pubescence. The present study of a larger series was undertaken partly for the purpose of testing the correctness of this conviction, and was made possible by the generous cooperation of the Department of Public Welfare of the State of Illinois. One purpose, then, was to obtain data analysis of which would give a chronology of the mammary changes as compared with the other phenomena of puberty. Hence the following observations were made: date of birth; weight; height; bi-iliac diameter; color of hair; amount∗ of hair on the pubes, in the axillae, on the face (i. e., cheeks, upper lip, and chin), and on the chest; diameter of right areola; height of right nipple above surrounding skin; size∗ of the subareolar node on the right; height of left nipple above surrounding skin; size∗ of the subareolar node on the left; pitch of voice; sizes of right and left testicle. The quantities marked ∗ had to be, of necessity, graded in arbitrary units from 0 to ++++. The bi-iliac diameter was taken with an obstetrical caliper.


The lack of easy access to powerful simulations and lack of a workforce trained on computer simulations of materials are important factors limiting the adoption of ICME in industry. NSF's nanoHUB.org is a web-portal that enables users to perform online simulations using simply a web browser. With over 300 simulation tools freely available and high-quality online training and educational material, nanoHUB.org can play an important role making simulation tools widely accessible and training a new generation of engineers familiar with ICME tools. In this presentation, we describe PolymerModeler, a nanoHUB.org tool that offers a free platform for research and education in atomistic polymer simulations. The tool allows users to construct and visualize atomistic models of thermoplastic polymers. The mechanical properties of the resulting systems may be studied using LAMMPS, within the PolymerModeler tool. LAMMPS simulations run on NSF-funded HPC resources, and the results display in the web browser. Users do not need to download or install any software. A fi rst time user guide introduces the tool and common usage scenarios. The polymer builder section of the tool constructs chains by adding successive monomers. Several prebuilt monomers are available, and users can upload any repeated unit, in PDB or XYZ format, making it a very general amorphous builder.


ABSTRACT Foam ceramics as a porous medium have demonstrated huge utilization potentiality to suppress multiple and continuous gas explosions in coal mines. Explosion suppression ability and thermal conductivity of different foam ceramics was analyzed. Explosion energy that combines propagating velocity and overpressure was introduced to evaluate suppressing effect. It was indicated that the overpressure was significantly attenuated by foam ceramics. Besides, for two types of foam ceramics, Al2O3 foam ceramic showed a better suppressing performance on explosion energy than SiC. Foam ceramic of bigger pores exhibited a better inhibition effect on explosion energy. It was found that, as foam ceramic become thicker, thickness was becoming the dominant influential factor suppressing gas explosion. The results suggest foam ceramics with larger pores present a higher thermal conductivity, which account for why larger pores foam ceramic exhibits a better suppressing ability. It is a wall effect that prevents chemical chain reactions, the heat of flame would be transferred to the skeleton, and free radicals are reduced.


The interpretation of solar radio bursts observed by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) in the encounter phase plays a key role in understanding intrinsic properties of the emission mechanism in the solar corona. Lower time-frequency resolution of the PSP receiver can be overcome by simultaneous ground-based observations using more advanced antennas and receivers. In this paper we present such observations for which the active active region 12765, begetter of type III, J, and U solar bursts, was within sight of ground-based instruments and behind the solar limb of the PSP spacecraft. We used a subarray of the Giant Ukrainian Radio Telescope (GURT) to get the spectral properties of radio bursts at the frequency range of 8-80 MHz, as well as the PSP radio instruments with a bandwidth of 10.5 kHz - 19.2 MHz, during solar observations on June 5, 2020. We directly detected the radio events initiated by the active region behind the solar limb of the PSP spacecraft, using special conditions in the solar corona, due to the absence of active regions from the PSP side. Following the generation mechanism of solar radio emission, we refined the density model for the solar corona above the active region 12765 responsible for the radio bursts. Based on the PSP spacecraft position near the Sun and delays of radio waves between space- and ground-based records, we found the corresponding radio responses on the PSP spectrogram. The absence of sunspots from the PSP side contributes to the propagation of radio waves from a dense loop of the Sun to quiet regions with low densities, through which PSP instruments can detect the radiation.


© 2022 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System amanta Schweblin's Fever Dream (Distancia de rescate) can be read as a literary exploration of disquietude: trepidation, apprehension, fear, and dread are the troubling affects that give the novel its distinctive "feeling tone."1 The excerpts from the press reviews included in the English edition capture the overwhelming emotional potency that readers find in it: qualifiers such as "disquieting," "thrilling," "frightening," "nauseous," and "disturbing" all come up; "terrifying" and "eerie" appear more than once, with some reviewers vividly describing the "dread" and "fear" triggered by the book in striking bodily terms: "by the end I could hardly breathe," writes Max Porter. Jesse Ball―whose novel The Curfew is quoted in Fever Dream's epigraph―warns the reader: "Schweblin will injure you."2 Fear, of course, is one of the emotions linked to the aesthetic experience since Aristotle's study of tragedy; in her novel, Schweblin masterfully constructs a plot that interweaves contemporary anxieties around ecological disaster and environmental


In this paper, Market Opportunities Analysis (MOA) is carried out to create a Comprehensive Center for Pets (CCP) at Bogota city, in order to determine if there are any opportunities in the sector and generate a proposal of marketing strategies. In the first part, the problem is delineated taking into account the beginnings of the human - animal relationship reaching the current situation, in which this relationship evolves towards a humanization of animals. In the second part, the MOA process is carried out, which includes the analysis of the environment, market analysis to determine the target market, analysis of direct competition and current situation analysis of a CCP. Finally, a strategic market scheme is proposed according to the different sales, profitability, positioning, growth and participation objectives for the creation of a CCP at Bogota city, which leads to the conclusion that there are these opportunities in the market and which can be exploited as competitive advantages over direct competitors.


The invention relates to a waveguide assembly (2) for a motor vehicle, with an elongate waveguide (4) for conducting an electromagnetic wave (10) in a propagation direction (A) and a front side in the propagation direction (A) arranged final absorber (6) of a shaft (10) absorbent material, the final absorber (6) has a hook member (20) positively locking into the waveguide (4) engages into.


Biopolymer based membranes have garnered remarkable attention as an alternative to synthetic polymer based membranes due to exceptional properties such as biocompatibility, renewable, biodegradability and environmentally-benign. In this study, a novel porous chitosan/chitin whis- kers composite membrane was successfully fabricated with the extraction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) for the removal of cadmium ions. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of selected composite samples were examined by varying the amount of chitin and PEG concentration respectively. Surface morphologies characterization study proves that highly porous structure is induced through the PEG dissolution meanwhile incorporation of chitin whiskers aids to produce a well-dispersed membrane with smaller pore size. Herein, strong interfacial adhesion between chitosan and chitin leads to interconnected network and increase in compactness of the matrix. Furthermore, these composite membranes exhibited high efficiency in cadmium ions removal. Overall, this study provides a framework on understanding the way to control the pore size, physicochemical and mechanical properties of polymer membranes using PEG and chitin whiskers. Thus, these bio-composite membranes have a great potential to be extensively employed in wastewater treatment.


The present study examined whether the speech rate of a carrier sentence has an effect on how many syllables are perceived in test words in Finnish. This distal speech rate effect has previ-ously been found for other languages, e.g. English, Russian and Mandarin [1, 2, 3]. Results of this study showed that the effect is operative in Finnish as well—the difference between a separate syllable as opposed to just the transition between consonants in a cluster within a word is perceived in relation to context tempo.


Continuous availability of HPC systems built from commodity components have become a primary concern as system size grows to thousands of processors. In this paper, we present the analysis of 8-24 months of real failure data collected from three HPC systems at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) during 2001-2004. The results show that the availability is 98.7-99.8% and most outages are due to software halts. On the other hand, the downtime are mostly contributed by hardware halts or scheduled maintenance. We also used failure clustering analysis to identify several correlated failures.


A trinuclear complex was synthesized by reaction of 2,2′-bipyridine1,1′dioxide with ZnCl2 in DMF solution.The ditrminations of elemental analysis,IR,UV,molar conductivity and TGDTA indicated the composition of the complex with formula Cl2.The study of sensitive properties showed the complex has good sensitivity and selectivity to ammonia.The sensor manufactured by the complex could be used in ammonia leakalarm and in production to control NH3.


GTPase activity has been measured in synaptic membranes from bovine retina, with and without muscarinic receptor stimulation. Maximal stimulation above basal levels was achieved with 5 μM oxotremorine and 100μM carbachol. (4‐Hydroxy‐2‐butynyl)‐1‐trimethylammonium m‐chlorocarbanilate chloride, which is selective for the M1 muscarinic receptor, failed to stimulate GTPase activity. 4‐Diphenylacetoxy‐N‐methylpiperidine methiodide (4‐DAMP) inhibition of oxotremorine stimulation demonstrated the presence of two populations of receptors, a low‐affinity site (IC50±SEM, 0.63 ±0.18 μM) which accounted for 63% of the inhibition and a high‐affinity site (IC50 < 1 nM) which accounted for the remaining 37%. When carba‐chol‐stimulated GTPase activity was assayed, a single 4‐DAMP inhibitory site was apparent (IC50±SEM, 2.0 ±0.9 μM). Pirenzepine inhibited GTPase activity at a single site (IC50 values ±SEM, 46.9 ±11 and 25.4 ±6.5 μM against oxotremorine and carbachol, respectively). Methoctramine was equipotent against carbachol and oxotremorine stimulation (IC50 values, 4.2 ±1.8 and 6.2 ±1.5 μM). Inhibition of maximal carbachol and oxotremorine stimulation by muscarinic antagonists at the major site had a rank order of potency of 4‐DAMP = methoctramine > pirenzepine. Thus, the major site for muscarinic stimulation of GTPase activity in bovine retinal membranes is pharmacologically similar to M2 receptors.


Real economy is the foundation to increase social wealth and enhance comprehensive national strength,and also the guarantee to improve people's living standard and prevent exogenous shocks.To vigorously promote real economy in China at the present stage,it is important to find the barriers and create a favorable social environment.Meanwhile,the relationship between real economy and virtual economy should be properly handled to resolve the real economy's difficulty in financing.


An expert system for claims guidance has been developed at US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory. This paper describes the development of the first module of the Claims Guidance System (CGS)for analysing 'differing site condition' (DSC) claims. Also included is a selection of appropriate cases and a sample consultation.


Samples of Shortnose Mojarra Diapterus brevirostris were obtained from the commercial catch from April 2010 to July 2012, morphometric data of 394 individual...


Purpose of the study: The paper aims to unfold politeness in online communication among retailers and clients and debates some ways where cultural values of communication can be taught and thus re-learned.
Methodology: The qualitative approach was adopted where discourse analysis method used to review and analyse the updates and comments from Facebook and WhatsApp of conveniently collected data for this study.
Main Findings: The study suggest a deterioration of cultural values in communication is at an alarming level among retailers and clients in online communication.
Applications of this study: The study will benefit online businesses. Area of studies include business management and communication. Other sub- areas include culture and ethic relations.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study is new to Malaysian business context where multi-racial and multilingual environment play significant roles.


Based on the work of the process of mathematics curriculum is a new thing,is based on the work process based on the reconstruction of mathematics curriculum system.The system will train students in specific vocational ability to implement the mathematics curriculum development and implementation of all aspects of teaching.Analysis of its connotations,to build a curriculum development process,but also pointed out that the curriculum development process should focus on creating a development environment,building a quality team,to enhance the capacity of teachers and so on.


This paper explores the perception of elderly people with dementia who have refused to use care facilities for the elderly and how disagreement among family members occurs in the process of persuading elderly people with dementia. to use care facilities for the elderly by persuading them. By identifying the rejection of demented elderly to use care facilities for the elderly and by diagnosing the disagreement among the family members of the demented elderly, this paper proposes to extend the social welfare support from the time of the onset of dementia to the stage of using care facilities for the elderly, just as social welfare support measures would be implemented for the improvement of facility satisfaction and service quality after demented elderly people use care facilities for the elderly.


The benefit of Aarnoudse-Moenset al.'s study is that they recruited individuals from a large agerange (4–12y) and thus, can offer insight into this question.Their research findings suggest that while younger pretermchildren struggled to perform well in tasks of inhibition, thispattern was not evident in the older children. The implicationis that the presence of executive function deficits, includinginhibitory difficulties, does not necessarily imply attentionproblems. Depending on the age of the child, these deficitsmay simply represent a learning problem that is the result ofimmaturity and is one that they could grow out of.Understanding the pattern of strengths and weaknesses inexecutive function is the first step in supporting very pretermchildren. There is growing evidence that cognitive skills, suchas working memory, can be trained and transfer to improve-ments in IQ and learning scores.


The paper discusses accident studies carried out "on-the-spot: by the Transport and Road Research Laboratory to assess the contributions of road, vehicle and road user to highway accidents. The paper examines in particular the 8% of accidents in which control of a car was lost when braking. Drivers were usually travelling too fast for either the road layout or for unexpected traffic hazards. Braking loss of control ultimately resulted in spinning and drifting. The study showed that while there is no serious fault in the braking balance of cars generally, more attention to the condition of brakes and tyres would make a contribution to greater safety. The most effective introduction would be the fitting of front and rear anti-locking braking systems. /TRRL/


The purpose of this study is to examine how body language, specifically handgestures, correlate to in-group and out-group notions. To approach the issue thehand gestures of two politicians are comp ...


This study explains and shares the logic of how the web-based Constructivist Learning System (CLASS) works in a higher professional education of architecture on a university level. As used for an architectural design studio course, it is called "Pro-Arc" (Professional Architects). Based on theoretical debates of Constructivist learning, the study focuses on design and development of the system as a CLASS. Results of the study indicate that the system is likely to support the learners" professional development if it is used for supplementing their off-line studio works.


This paper presents experimental work concerning evaluation of the thermal properties of different concretes, with particular reference to their dependence on some other properties of the material such as density, water content, temperature, and type of aggregate. Both mortar and concrete samples have been tested. Measurements of thermal properties have been performed on each sample from a fully saturated to an oven-dry condition. To avoid water migration during the run-time of the thermal tests, a transient measurement method has been used. Two linear parallel probes inserted in the specimen allow the simultaneous measurement of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity


This paper aims at examining the intrinsic sources, which cause the inefficiencies of the Chinese corporate governance, and puts forward a comprehensive framework for the optimization of corporate ownership structures by analyzing the characteristics of ownership structures of the Chinese listing companies. The standpoints in the paper are illustrated, proved and tested qualitatively and quantitatively by means of statistics and econometrics methods.


The concept of the Internet of things is a paradigm that is supposed to integrate several complex technologies. Opportunistic Networks due to its nature, do share common characteristics with the Internet of Things. Thus, the study of opportunistic Networks could greatly benefit the Internet of Things area of research. The Opportunistic Networks aim to use the altruism of mobile or immobile things to achieve specific tasks. However, among other challenges to solve for the Opportunistic Networks to work appropriately is the lack of a flexible, low-cost, and polyvalent communication system. Thankfully, the Polyvalent(Multipurpose) Wireless Communication System (PWCS) appears as a serious candidate to solve that challenge. This paper aims to show the correlation between an existing but unexplored technology; the PWCS, and Opportunistic Networks providing four main contributions. First, this paper clarifies the concept of opportunistic networks. Second, it points out the key differences between OppNets and some communications models that emerged from Mobile Ad hoc Networks research. Third, it presents the PWCS. Finally, it provides the correlation between OppNets and the PWCS and also discusses the limitations of the PWCS. The PWCS, if given unbiased attention, may add value to the communication field.


Water dimer is probably the most extensively studied hydrogen bonded system. The ground vibrational state of (H2O)2 is eight-fold degenerate and it splits into six levels (A1, E1, B1, A2, E2, B2). It has a large a-dipole, which inverses on donor-acceptor interchange tunnelling. The result is that the E states of (H2O)2 give spectra of the rigid rotor type whereas the A and B states give rotational tunnelling spectraa. The incorporation of argon (Ar) introduces a new dipole in the system (along the trimer a-axis). The (H2O)2 (dimer) "a" axis is the "b" axis for the Ar(H2O)2 (trimer). In the trimer, the 'a-dipole' transitions appear rigid rotor like for all three tunnelling states, whereas the 'b-dipole' transitions show tunnelling splitting spectra. Due to the reduced barrier height in Ar(D2O)2, the three states namely A1, E1, B1 could be observed previously. The splitting is measured to be only 106 MHzb in Ar(D2O)2 compared to 1 GHz in (D2O)2. The tunnelling splitting in Ar(H2O)2 could not be observed early as the splitting was expected to be several GHz. Moreover, only the A1 and E1 states are allowed for the Ar(H2O)2 as the other B1 state has zero statistical weight. The A1 state could appear either above or below the E1 states depending on the K quantum number. With the help of a fourfold periodic potentialc, we have accurately predicted the fingerprints of b-dipole A1 ↔A1 transitions and observed them using a pulsed nozzle Balle-Flygare Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. Measurement of these transitions enabled us to determine the donor-acceptor tunnelling splitting of 4257.41(4) MHz in Ar(H2O)2, compared to about 20 GHz in (H2O)2. Also the more detailed structural parameters of the Ar(H2O)2 have been evaluated in this work and critically compared with the (H2O)2.


In this study, we quantify the link between climate variables, such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, number of tropical cyclones, and number of thunderstorms, and seasonal variation in the Hong Kong inbound tourism demand from mainland China, Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan using the average Euclidean distance (AED) statistics and tourism demand modeling approach. Seasonal variation is measured as the fluctuation in the number of tourists from one season to another. Based on the smallest AED value, results of this study showed that climate variables play a dominant role in shaping seasonal variation relative to season and country. The fluctuation of tourist numbers from one season to another is determined not only by climate variables (e.g., the temperature of Hong Kong vs. the temperature in the country of origin of the tourist) but also by economic factors, including price and income. The variation in the impact of relative temperature depends on the country of origin.


Objectives: In this study,we evaluated the influence of different nutritional support routes and nutrients on the intestinal barrier function and bacterial translocation in rats with gut I/R injury. Methods: Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were made ischemic by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 30 minutes and were divided randomly into four groups of fifteen animals each,i.e.standard parenteral nutrition (PN),gln enriched TPN (G PN),common enteral nutrition (EN),and enteral immunonutrient (IEN) groups. All the rats received isocaloric nutrition support for seven days.Rats were killed after 7 days'nutrition support.Spleen,liver,mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN),and blood samples were collected for bacterial culture. Endotoxin levels in plasma were also measured.The permeability of intestine mucosa was assayed by D lactate level in plasma.The small intestine was removed for studies.Mucosal thickness,villous height,crypt depth and villous surface area were determined.The gut immune barrier function was evaluated by the immunohistochemical staining method. Results: Atrophy occurred in small intestinal mucosa in PN group.The mucosal thickness,villous height,crypt depth and villous surface area were decreased significantly in PN group compared with other groups ( P 0.05).The morphometric changes in EN group were better than that in G PN group ( P 0.01). The incidence of intestinal bacterial translocation to spleen,liver,MLN,and blood was significantly higher in PN group(100.0%) than those in other groups(G PN group 60.0%;EN group 33.3% and IEN group 20.0%) ( P 0.05).There was no significant difference between EN and IEN groups about bacterial translocation positive rate( P =0.682).The endotoxin levels were the highest in the PN group (12.00±0.99pg/ml).Significantly higher values of D lactate were also seen in PN group. CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 + and IgA containing B cells in G PN group were higher than those in PN group ( P 0.01). Conclusions: The results suggest that TPN alone could impair gut barrier function and therefore facilitated bacterial translocation.Immunonutrition can significantly benefit gut immune barrier function.


Introduction Many arboviruses of public health significance are maintained in zoonotic cycles with complex transmission pathways. The presence of serum antibody against arboviruses in vertebrates provides evidence of their historical exposure but reveals nothing about the vector-reservoir relationship. Moreover, collecting blood or tissue samples from vertebrate hosts is ethically and logistically challenging. We developed a novel approach for screening the immune status of vertebrates against Ross River virus that allows us to implicate the vectors that form the transmission pathway for this commonly notified Australian arboviral disease. Methods A micro-plaque reduction neutralisation test (micro-PRNT) was developed and validated on koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) sera against a standard PRNT. The ability of the micro-PRNT to detect RRV antibodies in mosquito blood meals was then tested using some convenient mosquito models. Laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti were fed, via a membrane, on sheep blood supplemented with RRV seropositive and seronegative human sera. Aedes notoscriptus were fed on RRV seropositive and seronegative human volunteers. Blood-fed mosquitoes were harvested at various time points after feeding and their blood meals analysed for the presence of RRV neutralizing antibodies using the micro-PRNT. Results There was significant agreement of the plaque neutralization resulting from the micro-PRNT and standard PRNT techniques (R2=0.65; P<0.0001) when applied to RRV antibody detection in koala sera. Sensitivity and specificity of the micro-PRNT assay were 88.2% and 96%, respectively, in comparison with the standard PRNT. Blood meals from mosquitoes fed on sheep blood supplemented with RRV antibodies neutralised RRV by ≥50% until 60 hr post feeding. Similarly, mosquito blood meals from RRV seropositive human volunteers neutralised the virus by ≥50% until 48 hr post-blood feeding. Conclusions The small volumes of blood present in mosquito abdomens can be used to identify RRV antibodies and therefore host exposure to arbovirus infection. In tandem with the accurate identification of the mosquito, and diagnostics for the host origin of the blood meal, this technique has tremendous potential for exploring RRV transmission pathways. It can clearly be adapted for similar studies on other mosquito borne zoonoses.


This study was conducted to investigate the performance response of Arbor Acres plus strain of broiler chickens fed turmeric treated diets. A total of 120 day old broiler chicks were allocated to four dietary treatments, with three replicates, having 10 birds per replicate. The dietary treatments consisted of the control diet (T1) with 0 % turmeric powder and T2, T3 and T4 with turmeric powder added @ 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 % of feed respectively. Results showed that average final weight and daily weight gain were not significantly influenced (P>0.05) across the treatments. The average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio of the broilers differed significantly (P<0.05) amongst the treatment groups. Turmeric supplementation showed a significant decrease in feed conversion ratio and in turn improved feed efficiency. Dietary turmeric had no significant effect on nutrient utilization across the dietary groups. Significantly higher dressing percentage was obtained in broiler group fed 0.30 % turmeric powder while other carcass cuts and internal organs did not differ significantly. Turmeric powder had no significant effect on total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose, whereas, dietary effects of turmeric on AST, ALT and ALP decreased significantly in 0.30 % turmeric fed group. It was concluded that turmeric at 0.30 % had a positive influence on feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage and oxidative stress indicators in broiler chickens. Therefore, inclusion of turmeric powder at 0.30 % is recommended.


Skeletal reorganisation of benzofused spiro[3.3]heptanes has been achieved using rhodium(i) catalysts. The reaction of benzofused 2-(2-pyridylmethylene)spiro[3.3]heptanes proceeds via sequential C-C bond oxidative addition and β-carbon elimination. On the other hand, benzofused spiro[3.3]heptan-2-ols undergo two consecutive β-carbon elimination processes. In both cases, substituted naphthalenes are obtained.


The UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) has made great strides towards fully engaging people in the design, delivery and interpretation of clinical trials. NCRI have consumer representatives on their clinical studies groups. Involvement of consumers at the design stage can considerably improve the trial. The ibreast trial used consumer involvement to focus on the important outcomes, optimise the trial design and gauge feasibility and acceptance of the proposed trial.

Ibreast will determine whether innovative alternative follow-up methods (without clinical examination) are equivalent to traditional specialist hospital based follow-up (with clinical examination) in terms of survivorship and patient perception of living with cancer, and provide education and training packages for the alternative follow-up methods. Currently patients are followed-up for 5-years or more within the hospital setting with specialist clinical examination, placing a huge burden on breast cancer services. NICE 2002 guidelines recommend that asymptomatic breast cancer patients who have undergone curative treatment should not have follow-up for more than 3 years after diagnosis but a recent survey indicated that only 8% of specialist breast care practitioners followed these guidelines (Donnelly, 2007). Several pilot studies have attempted to evaluate alternative follow-up models (Grunfeld 2006, Beaver 2005, Vaile 2006, Wishart 2008, Montgommery 2008) but these are underpowered to detect disease-driven-endpoints such as disease-free-survival.

The impact of involving consumers in the trial design stage and hosting a breast cancer follow-up workshop of healthcare professionals, patients and consumers will be discussed. Patients need continuity of care and a choice in their management. Trial design issues which professionals debate are often meaningless to the patients who ultimately want optimal treatment of their cancer and a clear message towards what to expect in the future. The need for consumer involvement is demonstrated by the evolution of the ibreast proposal through the design stage.


Tokunaga M, Nakanishi R, Kiyota K, Kubota K, Takahashi T, Shigemoto H, Takahashi S, Nakane N, Yonemitsu H. Relationship between motor FIM improvement (corrected motor FIM effectiveness) and age in proximal femoral fractures. Jpn J Compr Rehabil Sci 2014; 5: 131-135. Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the differences in FIM improvement (corrected FIM-M effectiveness) in proximal femoral fracture patients due to age. Methods: The subjects were 886 proximal femoral fracture patients. For the formula, Corrected FIM-M effectiveness = FIM-M gain / (A − FIM-M at admission), we determined values of A that would yield a mean FIM-M effectiveness of roughly 0.65. We divided the subjects into seven groups each covering an age range of five-year increments, and we determined the mean corrected FIM-M effectiveness for each group. Results: For FIM-M of 13-18, 19-24, 25-30, and 3190 points at admission, the value of A was 47, 70, 85, and 91 points, respectively. Corrected FIM-M effectiveness declined with advancing age, especially above 80 years old. Conclusion: Mean FIM improvement in proximal femoral fracture patients begins to decline at age 80, while it was reported to be at age 70 in stroke patients.


Al–Cu composites were fabricated by cold roll bonding (CRB) and accumulative roll bonding (ARB) processes. The effects of different parameters were investigated on the failure mechanism of the composites. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope (OM) were used to characterise the microstructures of the resulting composites. The peeled surfaces of the CRBed material revealed that micro-cracks were formed almost perpendicular to the rolling direction and caused the premature failure of the bonding during the peeling test. Also, tensile, microhardness and shear punch tests were conducted on the Al–Cu composites produced under different conditions. Failure analysis of the non-heat-treated composites revealed that the layers separated from the middle of ARBed specimens. However, these centre-line separations were alleviated in composites subjected to heat treatment, even though the initiation of inter-lamellar micro-cracks were observed due to the formation of intermetallic compounds for heat-treated specimens.


A 49 year old man with previous history of colectomy for colon cancer was referred to our department for further evaluation of suspicious hepatic lesions noticed during an abdominal CT scan. 99mTc-RBC scan revealed multiple hot spots in the region of the liver, correlating to the CT and liver-spleen scan. Further follow-ups of the patient revealed no remarkable change in the size or number of the hepatic lesions. The diagnosis of multiple hemangiomas with high probability was made. The usefulness of RBC scan in differential diagnosis of hepatic lesions is reviewed.


The purpose of the article is to analyse the reasons for cohabiting. Or, in other words, the reasons for which marriage is postponed and not flatly excluded. In fact, from the data (interviews with 50 cohabitating couples) it appears that cohabitation is a fortuitous and occasional event rather than a conscious and reflective choice made by the couples: cohabitation is the best practice and a prompt solution to likewise practical and urgent problems. So, there is a sort of gap between intention and the effective realization of the decision which determines both the choice of cohabiting and the one of marrying. In fact, most of the reasons which could explain marriage (being Catholic, the solemnity of the marriage, a moment of joy) – which could reach or go beyond the moment of acting on the basis of a specific intention – have to face many other choices that continue to be attractive or based on other reasons (cohabitation is as if it was marriage, the wedding is expensive). And the couples act exactly following these reasons, ignoring the original or desired intention. On the contrary, this intention is further strengthened or confirmed by these other reasons. For explaining the behavior of the couples, the author thinks that the category of akrasia is helpful since it shows how the couple mirrors and reformulates those fortuitous reasons which, at the beginning, affected the choice of going to live together in an active way, trying to overcome the casual order.


The system of distance measure to fixed targets base on single camera have the precise and sensitive features.It describes the theory and implementation process of distance measuerment to target by OV6620 digital camera base on laser optical triangulation.By experiment proved that the system can measure.effectively under certain conditions.


Enterococcus cecorum, a commensal Gram-positive bacterium of the chicken gut, has emerged as a worldwide cause of lameness in poultry, particularly in fast-growing broilers. It is responsible for osteomyelitis, spondylitis and femoral head necrosis, causing animal suffering, mortality and antimicrobial use. Research on the antimicrobial resistance of E. cecorum clinical isolates in France is scarce, and epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values unknown. To determine tentative ECOFF (COWT) values for E. cecorum and to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates from mainly French broilers, we tested the susceptibility of a collection of commensal and clinical isolates (n=208) to 29 antimicrobials by the disc diffusion (DD) method. We also determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 23 antimicrobials by the broth micro-dilution method. To detect chromosomal mutations conferring antimicrobial resistance, we investigated the genomes of 118 E. cecorum isolates mainly obtained from infectious sites and previously described in the literature. We determined the COWT values for more than 20 antimicrobials and identified two chromosomal mutations explaining fluoroquinolone resistance. The DD method appears better suited for detecting E. cecorum antimicrobial resistance. Although tetracycline and erythromycin resistances were persistent in clinical and non-clinical isolates, we found little or no resistance to medically important antimicrobials.


ABSTRACT Triglyceride composition and trans fatty acid content of corn oil subjected to microwave and conventional heating were evaluated with the aid of central composite design methodology. Oil samples with and without α-tocopherol were prepared on the basis of central composite design and, the effects of the main three factors (temperature, contact time, and the amount of α-tocopherol) were tired to investigate 10 at different five levels. Linoleic acid-linoleic acid-linoleic acid content in triglyceride structure of corn oil and the amount of trans fatty acids in the same oils were taken as response values for evaluation of central composite design assays. Based on the response surface, the optimum conditions (at which trans fatty acid formation and the change in the triglyceride composition are minimum) were determined for both heating procedures. The results showed that the increasing of the temperature and contact time increased the trans fatty acid formation and changed triglyceride structure of the oil in both heating techniques, although, the addition of α-tocopherol at high concentration caused pro-oxidant effect on triglyceride composition (bad effect), while reducing the formation of trans fatty acid (good effect). The results revealed that the heating 20 treatments caused significant changes in the triglyceride composition and trans fatty acid isomers of unsaturated fatty acids of the oil, while the saturated fatty acid contents did not change substantially. These alterations were much greater in microwave-heated samples (trans fatty acid ≤ 7.26%) than in Q3 corresponding samples heated in a conventional stove (trans fatty acid ≤ 0.56%).


The analysis of sleep behaviour has become an important tool for neurophysiological studies in both normal and abnormal subjects. It seems as if neonatal studies of this kind are particularly helpful since the nervous system of the newborn offers so few alternatives for a detailed evaluation and since 75 °/o of his time the newly born infant is asleep. There is ample evidence now that sleep consists of two highly specific and well organized different states, active and quiet sleep, characterized by certain physiological parameters as respiration, heart rate, blood flow, motor activity, EEG and probably many others like body temperature and endocrine secretion. These two states alternate in a fixed pattern. The normal variability in the coordination of the various parameters and in the homeostasis of the two states was the subject of intensive studies in various laboratories in the last years. Although this work is by no means complete, normative data begin to emerge. Clearly abnormal and borderline patterns could already be published. The quite dramatic development of all parameters classifying sleep states between 26 and 53 weeks of conceptional age offers the unique possibility to assess the infant's neurological maturity at a given time and, in longitudinal studies, to evaluate the infant's developmental progress. This topic will be covered by A. H. PARMELEE'S contribution to this discussion since his research program follows exactly this line. The coordination of the various parameters of a given sleep state and their homeostasis over a certain period of time seems to be extremely vulnerable. The degree of disassociation reaches from very minor deviation to complete absence of any cycling behaviour thus indicating the severety of central nervous system damage. Dr. DREYFUS-BRISAC and her co-workers were the first to study this problem in newborn infants. Therefore, in this discussion, her comment will concentrate on abnormal neonatal sleep cycles.


One of the most interesting and difficult problems of diagnosis and therapy is the dyspneic patient with radiological evidence of diffuse pulmonary infiltration in whom a lung biopsy is eventually obtained which shows an interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis. The histologic pattern is often similar to that described by Hamman and Rich,1but the clinical course is likely to be more chronic than in the original cases. It is now recognized that some systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and others occasionally may produce this lung picture. Frequently, however, careful investigation does not reveal any such recognizable disorder. During the past 10 years we have studied 102 patients who by clinical and roentgenographic criteria appeared to have diffuse interstitial fibrosis of unknown etiology. From this group we have selected 19 patients for presentation here because (1) no possible etiologic factor could be elicited by historic review and by detailed


Internet of Things have brought exciting changes in the social norms, work environments and the prospects for future generations. These devices (Things) have already changed the way our networks are used for communication. With the introduction of machine to machine communication (M2M), where devices communicate without human involvement to perform routine day to day tasks. These tasks on one hand, include services that provide convenience to the device owners such as setting off alarms, acting as personal assistant for reminders, keeping track of daily activities etc. On the other hand, there are certain tasks where these devices perform Transactions on behalf of the owners i.e. financial transactions/ online ordering etc. These transactional tasks have significant legal implications if some problem / dispute arises due to such action performed by these devices on behalf of the owners. To ensure that these interactions take place under observation of the owners and to keep track of their occurrence, there is a need to keep record of all such communication. We propose use of Blockchain for tracking all these transactions without compromising secrecy of data by keeping its integrity intact for medico-legal requirements and prevent risk of fraud.


The organizational mechanisms of innovative talents cultivation in Hubei University are as follows. Firstly, make top-level design on organizational administration such as improving the organization structure, setting up a committee of teaching instruction, establishing the mechanism of coordinative cultivation. Secondly, carry out a series of management system mainly contain teacher system, tutor system, credit system, and semester system. Thirdly, cultivate innovative talents by ways of cultural activities. The effective experiences on cultivating innovative talents in Hubei University mainly includes: improve the enrolment mechanism, "stage-module-personalization" cultivation model, individualized professional education based on liberal education, tutors leading function in academic guidance.


Recently there has been much interest in applying data mining to computer network intrusion detection. A new approach, based on the k-Nearest Neighbour(kNN) classifier, is used to classify Program behaviour as normal or intrusive. Each system call is treated as a word and the collection of system calls over each program execution as a document. These documents are then classified using kNN classifier, a Popular method in text mining. A simple example illustrates the proposed procedure.


This study is concerned with understanding the process of remission from conduct disorders. It uses assessments of children from entry to infant school to the end of their secondary school career, and then in terms of conviction record, follows them into adulthood. Three theoretical positions which seek to explain a preponderance of disorders of conduct and remission therefrom in specified groups are explored. Eysenck's concept of spontaneous remission and the role of conditionability are considered. The influence of the personality dimensions of Extraversion, Neuroticism and Psychoticism are outlined and specific hypotheses explored. The first explanatory concept arises out of this work and focuses on the role of the specified personality factors. Three experimental explorations of this position provide strong support for the role of psychoticism, and partial support for extraversion, the position on neuroticism is not upheld and an alternative approach is adopted. The concept of multiple stress or adversity advanced by authors, such as Wall and Rutter, provides the second area of study. It has been argued that those experiencing multiple adversities will be more prone to develop disorders of conduct. This position receives substantial support. The third area explored looks at the role of behaviour and the predictors for future behaviour, made possible by knowledge of earlier behaviour patterns. The work of Robbins and Dowling is considered. Again, the position taken that future predictions are possible on the basis of earlier information is supported. The research then considers the interrelationship of these three positions and a factor analytic study of the histories of children with severe disorders of conduct is undertaken. The results from the analysis indicate a complex set of relationships and highlight difficulties in regarding conduct disorders as a single category. Different patterns are elicited for differing behaviours. The important role of fortuitous life experience is also considered. It is argued that while disadvantage, both constitutional and environmental, clearly increase the risk of higher levels of difficulty of a longer term nature, it is what happens to the child subsequently that influences outcome. These events are located in the child's personal/home life, but also crucially within the school. Remission cannot be explained simply in terms of traditional relationships between a poor background and disorder. The study concludes with suggestions for action and future research, a twenty year case study and detailed proposals for a programme of training for teachers and other professionals, which was established during the course of the research.


Rhodopsin, a red visual pigment of vertebrate rods, is composed of the yellow carotenoid derivative, retinene, joined to the colorless protein, opsin. It is synthesized by the combination of opsin with a specific hindered cis isomer of retinene, neo-b (11-cis) and bleaches in the light to a mixture of opsin and all-trans retinene (cf. Fig. 1). Another cis isomer of retinene-iso-a (9-cis)-combines with opsin to form a second photosensitive pigment, isorhodopsin. Isorhodopsin differs spectroscopically from rhodopsin but bleaches in the light to the identical mixture of alltrans retinene and opsin. The synthesis and bleaching of these pigments therefore involve cycles of stereoisomerization of retinene. ' This seems to be a general situation that involves all the known visual pigments-rhodopsin, iodopsin, porphyropsin, and cyanopsin-and the corresponding isopigments.2' 3 If rhodopsin or isorhodopsin is bleached with heat instead of light, the retinene is released in its original cis configuration.4 Stereoisomerization to the all-trans configuration is therefore associated not with all bleaching but specifically with bleaching by light., It has been known for some years that, in the light, rhodopsin bleaches in stages, over intermediates which are short-lived at room temperature, yet stable at low temperatures or in the absence of water.6'7 Light alone does not bleach (i.e., decolorize) rhodopsin but converts it to the red photoproduct, lumi-rhodopsin. Lumirhodopsin is stable below about -45° C. Above this temperature, in light or darkness, it goes over to a second orange-red compound, called meta-rhodopsin. In lumiand meta-rhodopsin the chromophore is still attached to opsin. The major color shift-i.e., bleaching-accompanies the hydrolysis of meta-rhodopsin to retinene and opsin. In light or darkness, vertebrate meta-rhodopsins hydrolyze above about 150 C.,7 squid and lobster meta-rhodopsins above about +20° C.8, 9 The slow course of this latter reaction strongly suggests that visual excitation precedes the release of retinene and depends upon the light reaction itself or, at most, on the conversion of lumi-rhodopsin to meta-rhodopsin. 10 On warming meta-rhodopsin in the dark, one obtains a mixture containing roughly one part of retinene and opsin and one part of rhodopsin and isorhodopsin.7' 11 It was assumed earlier that all these products were formed in the dark, i.e., that meta-rhodopsin in the dark was converted back to rhodopsin and isorhodopsin, in addition to being degraded to retinene and opsin.7' 1' Recent experiments, however, have clarified the mechanism of the light reaction and necessitate a reinterpretation of these observations. Squid rhodopsin.-Squid rhodopsin does not usually bleach in the light, owing to the relative stability of squid meta-rhodopsin (see above). This enables one to examine squid meta-rhodopsin under more favorable conditions than vertebrate meta-rhodopsins. Thus we have found that, whereas the chromophore of squid rhodopsin, like vertebrate rhodopsin, has the neo-b (1 -cis) configuration, that of meta-rhodopsin is all-trans. Thermal bleaching, which does not isomerize the


In the contemporary dynamic business context (characterized by stiff competition, high uncertainty, growth of global as well as virtual organizations, etc.), setting up systems for recognizing and engaging employees which need constant endeavor from present-day organizations. Hence, organizations are actively exploring and adopting novel initiatives through strategies platforms for their employer engaging effort, moving the organization image to the "company of employee's choice" and connecting their strategic talent acquisition supply chain into that eco-system. Qualitative data analysis through 65 semi-structured interviews with employees working with various Software and Research & Development sectors, Human Resources and Talent Management professionals working for information technologies companies, IT-enabled (Business Process Outsourcing) BPO, and KPO (Knowledge Process Outsourcing) Services, as well as talent acquisition organizations, confirm the utilization of social media for social recognition & employee engagement in their organizations. The study contributes to the fields of talent management and social networks and has several key messages for practitioners regarding the expediency and effectiveness of social networks in organizations.


Improving the quality of laboratory services must always be improved in improving the quality of the tri dharma of higher education. Good laboratory management is one of the supporting factors, for that reason, the Department of Mining Engineering manages the laboratory. Laboratory management, in this case, is the laboratory equipment inventory system and laboratory control system. This system will be used to carry out monitoring data on the use of website-based laboratory equipment where the use of laboratory equipment must be carried out systematically. The first step is to create a web system for administration and inventory in the laboratory. In this study, in conducting website-based lab management, it is also necessary to map the problems faced by students in relation to services and supporting infrastructure in the laboratory.


The utility model discloses a novel comprehensive detecting instrument for detecting the friction torque of a rolling bearing, which comprises a driving module, a bearing bracket and a pressurizing module. Two bearing-clamping modules are respectively mounted in the upswept slanting rectangular holes in the lower waists of both sides of the bearing bracket; a radial jump measuring module is fixed in a slip gauge on the right side plate of the driving module and nearing the part of a driving shaft; a bearing pretightening force measuring module mounted on the left side plate of the bearing bracket comprises upper and lower flexible supports and two lockable slide blocks respectively and movably nested on the upper and lower flexible supports, and two inductive transducers respectively pass through the respective arc-shaped lock blocks and are respectively locked on the slide blocks by bolts. The transducers of the utility model has the advantages of high positioning precision and many measuring parameters; the measured data are stable and reliable; in one clamping, the utility model can fulfill the detection of the parameters of a bearing part, such as friction torque, pretightening force, geometric tolerance, etc.; the utility model can detect deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, self-aligning ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, self-aligning roller bearings, conical roller bearings or thrust ball bearings.


This paper provides a dataset of monthly river pollution index from April 2012 to October 2021 in China based on the published HydroSHEDS dataset and the monthly composite data of NPP-VIIRS night light. Firstly, we extracted the river sections in China from HydroSHEDS, and corrected unreasonable river sections in accordance with the authoritative river data. Secondly, we overlyed the river sections layer and NPP-VIIRS grid to identify the pixels flowing through the water system, and extracted the value of each pixel from the NPP-VIIRS grid. Then, taking the 10 × 10 km grid as the unit, comprehensively considering the flow, brightness and river length of each unit, we designed the river light pollution indexes, and calculated the monthly river light pollution index of each unit. Finally, we obtained a dataset of monthly light pollution index of rivers with the resolution of 10 × 10 km. As the first dataset of river light pollution, this dataset reflects the temporal and spatial distribution and evolution pattern of river light pollution in China, and it can provide reference for river development degree and interference degree evaluation, light pollution analysis and other research.


BACKGROUND: Transfusion‐transmitted West Nile virus (WNV) infections were first reported in 2002, which led to rapid development of investigational nucleic acid amplification tests (NAT). A study was conducted to evaluate sensitivities of WNV screening and supplemental NAT assays first employed in 2003.