We followed 133 (70 control, C; 63 D) of 164 surviving infants who were enrolled in a double blind control trial of early D therapy for preventing BPD. All infants had severe RDS and required IMV shortly after birth. Saline or D (0.25 mg/kg/dose, 1-7 d; 0.12 mg/kg/dose, 8-14 d; 0.05 mg/kg/dose, 15-21 d; 0.02 mg/kg/dose, 22-28 d) was given i.v. bid. Gr. C and D was comparable in B.W. (mean±SD 1.36±0.35 vs 1.42±0.31 kg), G.A.(29.4±2.4 vs 30.3±2.2 wks), Apgar score, initial blood gases, pH, IMV set-up, and family social background. The corrected age at time examined was similar. (C: 25.4±5.4, D: 24.3±4.4 m). *p<0.05Table


"Zhongren 1",a winter cultivar,cultivating with randomized block design with two factors,was used to study the effects of basic seedling and nitrogen application strategies on grain yield and protein components.The results showed that the plant height,spike length,grain yield,thousand-grain weight and test weight were significant difference among the treatments. The spike length and the number of grains per spike were positively correlated(r=0.931**).The spike length,spike kernels and the thousand-grain weight were reduced with the increase of the number of basic seedling,and they were significant difference among the treatments.It was the trend that the test weight was increased with the increase of the number of basic seedling.The grain yield was higher when the number of basic seedling was 450×10~4/hm~2.But there was no significant difference in the grain yield between the number of basic seedling 300×10~4/hm~2 and 375×10~4/hm~2,so the number of basic seedling could be 300×10~4~450×10~4/hm~2 in slightly late sowing date,according to actual sowing date and soil fertility.They were different in the response of the protein components to basic seedling,the Albumin and Globulin content were lower when the basic seedling was fewer,but the Glutelin and total protein content were higher.The Albumin,Globulin and Gliadin content were not significant difference among the treatments of the ratio of base to topdressing nitrogen application.The Glutelin and total protein contents were significant difference among the treatments of the ratio of base to topdressing nitrogen application,and it was the highest of the treatment of the ratio 3:7.There was of a trend that the total protein content was increased with the ratio of topdressing nitrogen application increase.


Twenty eight cases of gust front observed from 2007 to 2011 via six S band full coherent Doppler weather radars of Jiangsu province are used to test effects of automatic detection algorithm of gust fronts. The algorithm mainly contains border zone detection of entropy functional template and wind shear method,in addition to detecting gust fronts based on radial velocity and spectrum width characteristic value. For the identification of gust fronts,the boundaries perpendicular to the radar beam may be seen in the divergent field as convergence,and those parallels to the radar beam are better seen in the rotational field. Within the twenty eight tested cases,13 of them were successfully detected. 7 of them were partially detected due to the quality of the radar data and 8 of them could not be figured out as gust fronts. The testing results indicate the algorithm has good capability of detecting gust front. More work is required for improving the quality control of radar data and character extraction of low level weak wind shear.


The study examined links between self-monitoring behavior and leadership in two main settings: Greek organizations and athletic teams. In the study, 141 undergraduate examinees were given Snyder's 25-Item Self-Monitoring Scale and a questionnaire regarding their leadership experiences in either the Greek organization or athletic team. Independent sample t-tests showed no significant differences. However, leaders in Greek organizations tended to have higher self-monitoring scores than did nonleaders in the same organizations. Athletic leaders tended to have lower scores than did nonleaders on their teams. Also, a gender difference, with males exhibiting higher levels of selfmonitoring than females, approached significance. INTRODUCTION The Self-Monitoring Construct Mark Snyder originated the social-psychological construct of self-monitoring as part of a doctoral dissertation (Snyder, 1972). Today, self-monitoring is one of the most widely studied personality constructs in psychology. Self-monitoring refers to the extent to which people change, modify or adapt their behavior in different social settings. High self-monitors are very responsive to perceptual cues in their environment. Consequently, high self-monitors have the ability to adapt their behavior to best fit their current situation. Those who exhibit high self-monitoring behavior tend to strive to fit into every social setting by regulating their behavior according to the particular situation (Snyder, Berscheid, & Matwychuk, 1988). Low self-monitors are not as sensitive to social cues as Self-Monitoring and Leadership 3 high self-monitors (Hazer & Jacobson, 2003). As a result, low self-monitors rely more on their internal feelings and appraisals for guidance in social situations. The 25 items on the scale were selected from 41 pilot items originally written (Snyder, 1974). These items assess five main areas of self-monitoring, as defined by Snyder: "concern with the social appropriateness of one's self-presentation," "attention to social comparison information as cues to appropriate self-expression," "the ability to control and modify one's self-presentation and expressive behavior," "the use of this ability in particular situations," and "the extent to which the respondent's expressive behavior is cross-situationally consistent or variable (Snyder, 1974, pg. 529)." Later, Gangestad and Snyder (1985) removed seven items, increased the reliability of the measure, and introduced the 18-Item Self-Monitoring Scale. In the first sample (n=533) taken in 1972, the distribution had a mean of 12.51. In addition, the median was 12, standard deviation of 4.11, and a range of 2 to 24 (Snyder, 1974). A further sample 10 years later corroborated the finding of the first study. Self-Monitoring: Construct Validity In a series of articles, Snyder (1987; Gangestad & Snyder, 1985) and others (Ickes, Reid & Patterson, 1986) sought to show the validity of the construct by proving self-monitoring is distinctly different from need for approval, Machiavellianism, and extraversion. Seeking approval by giving a socially desirable response is quite different than self-monitoring behavior. High self-monitors use their ability to detect social cues to form their behavior to a particular situation. A person with a high need for approval may or may not have this ability. Snyder (1987) reports scores on the Marlowe-Crowne Self-Monitoring and Leadership 4 measure (an instrument used to measure need for approval) are not correlated with scores on the 25-Item Self-Monitoring Scale. Only one of the five dimensions of selfmonitoring as defined by Snyder (1974), "concern for the social appropriateness of one's actions," is related to need for approval. The other four dimensions measure and take into account aspects of self-monitoring behavior not related to need for approval (Snyder, 1974). Another concept that must be differentiated from self-monitoring is Machiavellianism. These two concepts do differ. High Machiavellians rely completely on manipulation, while the high self-monitor relies on impression management (Ickes, Reidhead & Patterson, 1986). Other evidence, including the tendency for high Machiavellians to use first-person singular pronouns more than high self-monitors lends credence to this argument. Extraversion is the hardest concept to differentiate from self-monitoing. Gangestad and Snyder (2000) acknowledge the tendency to see a relationship between self-monitoring and extraversion. Extraversion is a widely studied and believed to apply to most social situations. However, some important differences between high selfmonitors and extraverts do exist. While extraverts may always be friendly, nice, and outgoing in all social situations, high self-monitors may not behave in such a way if the situation calls for a more reserved demeanor (Snyder, 1987). The stability of social behavior is one of the dimensions of self-monitoring identified by Snyder. The behaviors of a high self-monitor are not stable across all situations, which is in contrast to the extravert. Self-Monitoring and Leadership 5 Self-Monitoring and Emergent Leadership Bass (1981) differentiates between emergent leadership from those who are appointed or elected to leadership positions. Early leadership theorists believed leaders emerged out of interaction with a group. This kind of leadership is most easily seen in a group of random people who start out with equal status. Eventually, one or two people come to the forefront, and are recognized by other group members as those best suited to lead the group in attaining its desired goal (Bass, 1981). The traits possessed by these emergent leaders are of interest to researchers. Following the introduction of factor analysis by Cattell, clusters of personality traits were determined. Currently, most theorists agree five main traits are responsible for most individual leadership differences (Kassin, 2004). Neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are included in the NEO Five Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992). Extraversion, openness, and agreeableness appear to be the traits in the NEO-FFI most closely related in definition to self-monitoring. The way in which self-monitoring affects emergent leadership in small group settings has been extensively studied. Day, Unckless, Hiller and Schleicher (2002) found high self-monitors were more likely to emerge as leaders in work settings than were low self-monitors. This finding substantiates the results of other research (Cronshow & Ellis, 1991; Ellis, 1988; Ellis & Cronshaw, 1992; Kent & Moss, 1990) which found similar results. Cronshaw and Ellis (1991) found both high and low self-monitors are capable of becoming leaders. Once in leadership positions, high self-monitors rely on their ability to interpret social cues while low self-monitors rely more on personal attitudes. Ellis and Cronshaw (1992) also wanted to see what part of the high self-monitoring personality led Self-Monitoring and Leadership 6 to leadership emergence. They found flexibility and adaptation skills, and not social sensitivity, had an effect on leadership emergence. Ellis (1988) found high self-monitors were rated higher as leaders by group members than were low self-monitors. Finally, Kent and Moss (1990) reported high self-monitors were more likely to self-report leadership emergence than were low self-monitors. Zaccaro, Foti, and Kenny (1991) took a more trait-based approach to leadership than the one suggested by Stogdill (Bass, 1981). While Stogdill advocated the strength of situation and the interaction between people as predictors of emergent leadership, Zaccaro et al. (1991) believed leadership resulted more from flexibility. Of course, high self-monitors would be especially well suited for leadership should this be the case. Zaccaro and his colleagues found "trait-based variance in leadership may be due to social perceptiveness and response flexibility," tasks where high self-monitors could be expected to thrive (Zaccaro et al., 1991, pg. 308). In the same line of research, Dobbins, Long, Dedrick, and Clemons (1990) concluded self-monitoring appears to be the trait that holds steady in leadership across different situations. Gender Differences in Self-Monitoring Results of several studies studies suggest sex differences in self-monitoring exist. In his first analysis of the construct, Snyder (1972) found males, on average, have a slightly higher score (12.78) than females (12.08). This difference, however, is not statistically significant, even with a sample size of over 500. Kumru and Thompson (2003) studied 476 adolescents in Turkey and found males had significantly higher selfmonitoring scores than did females. Gender role differences between Turkey and other nations may limit one's ability to generalize these results. Frazier and Fatis (1980) had Self-Monitoring and Leadership 7 results similar to those of Snyder (1972). Of 252 undergraduate students, males were found to have higher self-monitoring scores than did the examined females. In a metaanalysis of 136 independent samples with a collective sample size of 23,191, Day et al. (2002) found a .12 correlation between sex and self-monitoring, with males having higher scores than females. Broderick and Beltz (1996) reported results inconsistent with the rest of the literature. They found females had higher self-monitoring scores than their male counterparts. Again, such research is limited by the age (pre-adolescent) of the subjects. However, the majority of the literature does suggest males have higher scores on average than do females. Self-Monitoring and Leadership Independent of Sex The sex differences that may exist between males and females manifest themselves in leadership emergence as well. A great deal of research has shown that males almost always emerge as leaders when in mixed sex dyads (Megargee, 1969; Nyquist & Spence, 1986). Because men emerge


Features: • Heavy gauge steel construction for long-term durability • Black powdercoat finish for maximum corrosion resistance • Contains locking storage for hanging standard file folders, supplies or other devices • Armrest that can be position closer to the driver or passenger during installation • 9.0" of mounting space with the internal cupholder and is designed to work with both full sized radios and radio control heads • Includes blank filler panels and faceplates • Mounting holes on the right side of the console accommodates the Vertical Surface Mount (Item No. DS-138) for computer mounting (sold separately) • Box attaches MCS Top Plate (Item No. 7160-0085) and to MCS Vehicle Legs (vehicle legs sold separately) • This item is sold as a package and there are no substitutions • Items included in package are: • Internal Cupholder • Break Away Armrest • 3 Blank Filler Panels • 3 Faceplates • Top plate (7160-0085)


This paper identifies several conditions in society and in the churches which limit church involvement in social concerns. It, then, briefly describes the origins of a group attempting to address these conditions: the Lafayette Urban Ministry (LUM). Finally, on the basis of their experience with LUM, the authors propose a general model for urban ministries which they feel also might assist in increasing church involvement in other communities.


After providing a brief background of the Dakota Territory's settling, creation of a Territorial government in 1862, and entry into statehood as North Dakota in 1889, Leahy serves up a detailed study of the cases and events that give that state's constitution's 13 articles their current form. Every section of every article receives commentary detailing the significant acts that lead to its current juridical interpretation. The only book to provide such a detailed and thorough analysis of North Dakota's Constitution, Leahy's book is an invaluable resource for legal historians, practicing attorneys, regional scholars, and constitutional specialists. The book is fully referenced and includes a table of cases and an extensive bibliography.


Abstract Numerical studies by the authors and others of the 1994 Piedmont flood show that the orographically modified flow was a critical element for the production of extraordinary rainfall. To uncover the precise mechanism of orographic rainfall occurring in full-physics MM5 simulations of the 1994 Piedmont flood, the authors carried out simulations with the same real-data initial and boundary conditions, but with the real orography replaced by an idealized one. With excellent agreement between real and idealized orography on the rainfall rate versus time in the Piedmont area, analysis of the idealized-orography simulation provides a clear picture of the model's mechanism of orographically induced rainfall. As noted in previous studies of the 1994 Piedmont case, a moist saturated airflow has a reduced effective static stability and tends to flow over the mountains, while an unsaturated airstream is stable and tries to flow around (toward the left in the Northern Hemisphere). In the 1994 Piedmont case, t...


Based on statistics between 1995 and 2008,contribution rates of scientific and technological progress to economic growth are calculated and analyzed by incremental rate equation.The results show that contribution rates has been fluctuated greatly,and the quality of economic growth has been improving in recent years.The Strategy of Invigorating China through Science and Education should be implemented,and contribution rate of science and technology progress to economic growth also should be enhanced.


With the launch of Landsat 9 in September 2021, an optimal opportunity for in-flight cross-calibration occurred when Landsat 9 flew underneath Landsat 8 while being moved into its final orbit. Since the two instruments host nearly identical imaging systems, the underfly event offered ideal cross-calibration conditions. The purpose of this work was to use the underfly imagery collected by the instruments to estimate cross-calibration parameters for Landsat 9 for a calibration update scheduled at the end of the on-orbit initial verification (OIV) period. Three types of uncertainty were considered: geometric, spectral, and angular (bidirectional reflectance distribution function—BRDF). Differences caused by geometric uncertainty were found to be negligible for this application. Spectral uncertainty was found to be minimal except for the green band when viewing vegetative targets. BRDF models derived from the MODIS BRDF product indicated substantial error could occur and required development of a mitigating methodology. With these three contributions of uncertainty properly addressed, it was estimated that the total cross-calibration uncertainty for underfly data could be kept under 1%. The data collected during the underfly were filtered to remove outliers based on uncertainty analysis. These data were used to calculate the TOA reflectance and radiance cross-calibration values for each spectral band by taking the ratio of Landsat 8 average pixel values to Landsat 9. Initial results of this approach indicated the cross-calibration may be as accurate as 0.5% in reflectance space and 1.0% in radiance space. The initial results developed in this study were used to refine the cross-calibration of Landsat 9 to Landsat 8 at the end of the OIV period.


Installation of solar photovoltaic system on roof has advantages of proper utilization of space, help in avoiding shading effects and reduction of dust accumulation on the panels. However, electrical efficiency and lifespan of solar photovoltaic panel tends to decrease due to the increase in surface temperature above the operation temperature of the panels due to its contact with the roofing sheets. The performance of solar photovoltaic panels was experimentally investigated on   corrugated metal sheet (CMS) roof at four different heights (0, 100, 200, and 300mm). Four polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels of 10 watts each were selected from the same manufacturer. The temperatures on the roof and on the photovoltaic panels' surfaces were measured at different solar hours. Also, the outputs of the solar panels together with the irradiance available were measured at same hours using an electronic data logger and imported to an Excel software.  Irradiance variation, gap between roof and photovoltaic panels, and heating effect on panels were found to be the parameters affecting the photovoltaic system's performance. The highest temperature attained by the photovoltaic panel is when it was directly mounted on the roof as 76.5°C while the other photovoltaic panels mounted at a gap height of 100mm, 200mm and 300mm attained the highest temperature of 71.8oC, 69,6oC and 68.0oC respectively. The panels' extra heat was originating from CMS roof vicinity. Output powers from the panels were unequal throughout the experiment whilst exhibited similar behavior. The panels' temperature dropped...


Sports celebrities are often considered heroes both locally and internationally. The behavior of these athletes on the field, where they excel as leaders of their teams, along with healthy values in their private lives, often enriched by philanthropic activities, do not escape the attention of sports marketing experts. With a sports personality whose image is consistent with the company's brand, a mutually beneficial partnership may be established. Athletes can earn substantial additional profits, while companies can enhance their brand image and gain a competitive advantage. Today, the digital environment has made this marketing strategy even more effective, since famous sports figures are better able to directly and effectively influence the attitudes of sports consumers (their fans). The problem arises, however, when sports celebrities damage their own reputation with inappropriate behavior. Sports celebrities can also damage the reputation of their sports clubs, as well as the reputation of the brands they endorse and/or promote. This situation is especially problematic for brands when negative electronic word-of-mouth communication (eWOM) causes incalculable damage to the company's reputation.


The Clean Power Plan On Aug. 3, 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency finalized the Clean Power Plan, which is expected to cut carbon pollution from existing power plants by 32 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. The rule sets target emissions reductions for states, and states are responsible for designing their own plans to meet these emissions reductions targets. Emissions reductions targets vary by state and range from 7 to 47 percent. States must submit plans, or initial plans with a request for a two-year extension, by Sept. 6, 2016. As part of designing these plans, states will need to decide how to measure their emissions reductions, what methods they will use to comply with the emissions limits, and whether they will engage in a trading program to purchase compliance credits. Some states have indicated that they will refuse to comply with the rule, which would make those states subject to a federal plan designed by EPA. EPA expects to finalize its federal plan and model trading rules in 2016.


ments, and insightful investigation. tumorigenesis. The cultivated cells from Matsumura's Matsumura et al. have already established the cell case with metastatic lesions would be in a later phase of line from the metastatic foci of a neuroblastoma case, tumorigenesis of neuroblastoma than the usual lesions investigated the biologic characteristics by using molecudetected through a mass screening, and the clonal seleclar biologic techniques, and demonstrated evidence of tion or evolution might already be terminated. the cytogenetic heterogeneities in neuroblastoma. In Needless to say, the more the heterogeneity of the addition, as they mentioned in their correspondence, they neuroblastoma is involved with clonal evolution or selecreported the neuroblastoma case showing the clonal evotion, the more important it is to analyze the biologic charlution in vivo. acteristics using molecular biologic techniques. FurtherThe concept of clonal evolution or selection during more, we think that investigation of the cases detected the accumulation of genetic aberrations of the neurothrough a mass screening could reveal the mechanism blastoma is very important in considering the natural hisof the tumorigenesis of neuroblastoma, with respect to tory of the tumor. We have the same hypothesis regarding amplification of the N-myc gene, chromosome 1p delethe study of the histopathologic characteristics of neurotion, and so on. blastomas. Especially in cases detected through a mass


Three microfiches are presented, carrying detailed descriptions of 728 grass genera, produced from an automated database. The descriptions incorporate compiled data and original observations on over 300 morphological and anatomical characters, including copious original observations on leaf anatomy and features indicative of photosynthetic pathways and C4 types. A classification to subfamily and supertribal levels is appended to the generic descriptions. The organization, availability and potential applications of the computerized database are described.


This book confines itself to study behavioral finance and evaluate the preference portfolio of chit subscribers between corporate and non-corporate chit funds. Preference portfolio is defined as the preference towards corporate and non-corporate chits based on variety of the factors influencing the preferences. The concept of chit funds which forms part of Non-Banking Financial Companies of Indian financial system. It deals with the Nexus between the financial development and economic development and the growth of chit funds in the context of failure of the formal banking system. This book discusses the said profile includes age, income, social status, and gender, and education, nature of the family, location, occupation, and family size. The determinants of the option of the chit subscribers for the chit funds in the place of bank deposits and post office recurring deposits etc. The determinants which the sample respondents considered to opt for chit funds include flexible way to save, contractual way to save, possibility to commit for future savings, unique source of credit, simple procedures, subscription amount based on dividend, dual options for savings and borrowings.


There is an unexplained male predominance in the incidence of esophageal (EAC) and non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) which cannot be explained by known risk factors. Differences in the exposures to sex hormones may play a part in the observed sex difference. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that androgens increase the risk of EAC, cardia GAC, and non-cardia GAC. We analysed a matched cohort based on a national Swedish database of prostate cancer patients.

 Prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were the exposed group. Prostate cancer-free men from the general population were randomly selected and matched to the index case by birth year and county of residence, forming the unexposed control group. The participants were followed until a diagnosis of esophageal or gastric cancer, death, emigration, or end of the study period. The risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, and esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma among ADT-exposed compared to unexposed was calculated by multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were adjusted for confounders.

 There was a risk reduction of non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma among ADT-users compared to non-users (HR 0.49 [95% CI 0.24–0.98]). No such decreased risk was found for esophageal adenocarcinoma (HR 1.17 [95% CI 0.60–2.32]), cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (HR 0.99 [95% CI 0.40–2.46]), or esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HR 0.99 [95% CI 0.31–3.13]).

 This study indicates that androgen deprivation therapy decreases the risk of non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, while no decreased risk was found for esophageal adenocarcinoma, cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, or esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma.


The aim of the study was to study tocopherols in the fruits of various sea buckthorn ecotypes ssp. mongolica in comparison with other subspecies. The composition of tocopherols in fruit pulp of four subspecies of sea buckthorn – H. rhamnoides ssp. mongolica, ssp. turkestanica, ssp. fluviatilis and ssp. carpatica, growing at Lisavenko Research Institute of Horticulture for Siberia in forest-steppe conditions of Altai territory has been studied. The research has been focused on the most promising subspecies from the point of view of industrial utilization – H. rhamnoides ssp. mongolica, in order to identify possible variation in accumulation of different tocopherols in fruit pulp depending on ecotype, period of collection of fruits as well as conditions of the year.
It was established that the major tocopherol in the pulp of the fruit of sea buckthorn is α-tocopherol. β -, γ-and δ-tocopherols were characterized by low content. Within subspecies H. rhamnoides ssp. mongolica most fractions of tocopherols (except δ-tocopherol) have relatively high coefficient of variation, which exceeds of that for the whole group of evaluated varieties. That result does not allow us to use this criteria as a reliable background for preliminary systematic identification of evaluated varieties.


Cyclisation of 2-(endo-bicyclo[3,3,1]non-6-en-3-yl)propan-2-ol in hot formic acid yields, after hydrolysis of the initial product, a mixture of 4,4-dimethyladamantan-2ax- and -2eq-ol of which the latter, derived from trans-addition to the double bond, predominates by a factor of 6 : 1. These stereochemical assignments are based on the n.m.r. spectra of the isomers in pyridine solution as compared with dimethyl sulphoxide solution and on the production of the axial alcohol by reduction of 4,4-dimethyladamantan-2-one with lithium aluminium hydride. Cyclisation of 2-(endo-bicyclo[3,3,1 ]non-6-en-3-yl)propan-2-ol in 98% sulphuric acid at 20° yields a 1 : 3 mixture of 2,2-dimethyladamantan-1-ol and 4,4-dimethyladamantan-1-ol, whereas in this medium at 50° the major product is 3,5-dimethyladamantan-1-ol; these products are formed by intermolecular hydride transfer and skeletal re-arrangement reactions after π-route cyclisation has occurred. In hot formic acid, α-(endo-bicyclo[3,3,1]non-6-en-3-yl)benzyl alcohol yields, after hydrolysis of the formate, 2-phenyladamantan-1-ol.


This paper has briefly introduced the idea of information analysis raw material and competitive intelligence,analyzed their correlation and the innovation of library competitive intelligence work,and finally pointed out the significance of competitive Intelligence.


Simple Summary Earlier we demonstrated that the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump PMCA4b inhibits migration and metastatic activity of BRAF mutant melanoma cells, however, the exact mechanism has not been fully understood. Here we demonstrate that PMCA4b acted through actin cytoskeleton remodeling in generating a low migratory melanoma cell phenotype resulting in increased cell–cell connections, lamellipodia and stress fiber formation. Both proper trafficking and calcium transporting activity of the pump were essential to complete these tasks indicating that controlling Ca2+ concentration levels at specific plasma membrane locations such as the cell front played a role. Our findings suggest that PMCA4b downregulation is likely one of the mechanisms that leads to the perturbed cancer cell cytoskeleton organization resulting in enhanced melanoma cell migration and metastasis. Abstract We demonstrated that the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase PMCA4b inhibits migration and metastatic activity of BRAF mutant melanoma cells. Actin dynamics are essential for cells to move, invade and metastasize, therefore, we hypothesized that PMCA4b affected cell migration through remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. We found that expression of PMCA4b in A375 BRAF mutant melanoma cells induced a profound change in cell shape, cell culture morphology, and displayed a polarized migratory character. Along with these changes the cells became more rounded with increased cell–cell connections, lamellipodia and stress fiber formation. Silencing PMCA4b in MCF-7 breast cancer cells had a similar effect, resulting in a dramatic loss of stress fibers. In addition, the PMCA4b expressing A375 cells maintained front-to-rear Ca2+ concentration gradient with the actin severing protein cofilin localizing to the lamellipodia, and preserved the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton from a destructive Ca2+ overload. We showed that both PMCA4b activity and trafficking were essential for the observed morphology and motility changes. In conclusion, our data suggest that PMCA4b plays a critical role in adopting front-to-rear polarity in a normally spindle-shaped cell type through F-actin rearrangement resulting in a less aggressive melanoma cell phenotype.


Cardiovascular disease is the deadliest disease in the world, so prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular disease are essential. Manual auscultation cannot meet the demand for heart sound auscultation, and computer automatic heart sound diagnosis offers a new method. In recent years, wearable auscultation devices are receiving increasing attention. However, the low power consumption and high-performance requirements limit wearable device development. In this work, an LSTM-based (Long Short-Term Memory) low-power heart sound diagnostic processing unit (HSDPU) is proposed. Considering the differences between the actual heart sounds and the open-source heart sound dataset, we develop an FPGA system for heart sound acquisition. Data augmentation is used to extend the dataset in response to the imbalance between the collected dataset and the open-source dataset. We develop the heart sound diagnosis system and achieve an accuracy of 96.9%. Then the hardware implementation of the HSDPU is finished and verified by RTL simulation. Finally, we develop the FPGA prototype verification and layout design of the HSDPU. The post-simulation results show that the power consumption of the HSDPU is $289\mu\mathrm{W}$.


Simple synthesis and biological activities of modafinil derivatives are described. The key reactions include condensation of acid and propargyl alcohol, subsequent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of alkynes and (3-azido-propyl)cyclohexane or (4-azido-butyl)benzene in the presence of sodium ascorbate and CuSO4·5H2O in excellent yield. They were then evaluated for the suppression of LPS-induced NO generation in vitro. It was found that all compounds showed moderate effects for suppression of LPS-induced NO generation.


This study aims to determine whether cooperative learning using STAD can improve group discussion activities and student learning outcomes in Class VI SD Negeri 201/II Baru Telentam. This research is a classroom action research conducted in three cycles. Each cycle goes through the stages of planning actions, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. In this study there are 2 ways to collect data, namely qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative data retrieval is by observing student activities using observation sheets. While quantitative data collection is to determine the increase in student learning outcomes by using tests (formative tests) at the end of each cycle. From the results of the study, it can be seen that there was an increase in student learning outcomes in each cycle, namely, 58.33 for the first cycle to 67.00 for the second cycle and 76.00 for the third cycle. The increase in the average percentage of student activity in the first cycle was 43.42%, the average percentage of student activity increased to 53.14% in the second cycle, and increased again in the third cycle to 68.57%. While the average percentage of group discussion activities in the first cycle was 35.49%, then increased to 50.69% in the second cycle, and increased again in the third cycle to 63.05%. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the STAD Type cooperative model in SD Negeri 201/II Baru Telentam can improve student activities and learning outcomes.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pembelajaran kooperatif menggunakan STAD dapat meningkatkan aktivitas diskusi kelompok dan hasil belajar siswa di Kelas VI SD Negeri 201/II Baru Telentam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Setiap siklus melalui tahap perencanaan tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Pada penelitian ini ada 2 cara pengambilan data yaitu secara kualitatif dan kuantatif. Pengambilan data kualitatif yaitu dengan pengamatan aktivitas siswa menggunakan lembar observasi. Sedangkan pengambilan data kuantitatif yaitu untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan tes (ulangan formatif) disetiap akhir siklus. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat dilihat bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa setiap siklus yaitu, 58,33 untuk siklus I menjadi 67,00 untuk siklus II dan 76,00 untuk siklus III. Peningkatan persentase rata-rata aktivitas siswa Pada siklus I adalah 43,42%, rata-rata persentase aktivitas siswa meningkat menjadi 53,14% pada siklus II, dan mengalami peningkatan lagi pada siklus III menjadi 68,57%. Sedangkan persentase rata-rata aktivitas diskusi kelompok pada siklus I adalah 35,49%, lalu meningkat menjadi 50,69% pada siklus II,dan mengalami peningkatan lagi pada siklus III menjadi 63,05%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model kooperatif Tipe STAD di SD Negeri 201/II Baru Telentam dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa.


In this paper, micro interfacial behavior for Sn3.5Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) lead-free solder on Cu-Ni-Au substrate has been carefully investigated. It is observed that the intermetallic compound (IMC) ingredients along the SAC305 solder on the Cu-Ni-Ag substrate are (Ni, Cu)3Sn4 and (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 after reflow process. Reliability analysis for IMC ((Ni, Cu)3Sn4 and (Cu, Ni)6Sn5) was conducted based on the measurement of IMCs thickness and ball shear force. Temperature effects were also included in the analysis. The ingredients of IMC remain un-change if the working temperature is below 400 OC. Diffusion rate of interfacial controlled reaction was found to be depended on the annealing temperature. The IMC layer thickness decreased as the ramp-up rate of reflow temperature was increased for all cases studies. Preliminary results demonstrated that the measured ball shear force slightly changed for all different IMC thicknesses.


The present time is regarded as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) which has created opportunities as well as challenges for individuals as well as the nations and countries. Opportunities are for those who have prepared themselves or are preparing themselves to assume their roles during the 4IR. Generally, those who do not develop themselves; they lag behind and face the challenges of 4IR. The 4IR has promoted opportunities of learning by empowering the learners in their academic life. They can use different Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) which have revolutionized the entire landscape of education including teaching and learning. The leaners, now can access the learning materials according to their own need at anytime from anywhere. A large number of opportunities have been created by the 4IR besides its challenges. These opportunities opened up new horizons of learning and jobs; whereas the challenges can be overcome by understanding their nature and intensity.


We have measured Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) and Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) in chirped fiber Bragg gratings for dispersion compensation and in long-period fiber gratings for gain flattening. PMD and PDL were measured in reflection and in transmission by using a polarization analyzer and a tunable laser diode. Typical experimental results are presented for two grating devices.


In the last decades, mainly due to the advent of new technologies, with the exponential growth of the population, the intensification of the use of fossil fuels has generated great impacts to the environment. In this scenario, the search for energy alternatives has been constant. A rising solution is the use of the fuel cell technology, which has the principle of converting chemical energy into electrical energy. This work aimed to study calcium cobaltite as a potential cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Powders of composition Ca3CuxCo4-xO9-δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) were obtained using the Pechini method modified by using gelatin. The obtained powders were calcined at 900 °C for 2 h and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lattice parameters were determined by Rietveld refinement of the diffraction data. The electrochemical characterization was performed under open circuit conditions and under cathodic polarization using a 3 electrode configuration. The results of XRD and SEM indicated the attainment of particles of Ca3CuxCo4-xO9-δ solid solutions free of secondary phases and in the format of microplates up to 5 m in diameter. The electrochemical results highlight the potential of calcium cobaltite as a cathode material of SOFC, presenting total polarization resistance (Rp of 2.8  cm2 at 700 ° C in oxygen) competitive with cobaltites from literature and low values of cathodic polarization (123 mV at 700 ° C and 100 mA/cm2) in comparsion to alternative cathodes for SOFC.


This essay is an attempt to reframe discussion on development propounding the need to attend to three sources of new perspectives, namely culture, social dynamics and environment. Such new perspectives are accessible only if one adopts a reflexive approach, in order to integrate social inclusiveness and analytical demands. One begins by commenting on the present state of partial frustration of the notion of classical economic development, by the emergence of the aforementioned demands, opening the agenda for a propositive discurse on development as a plural construction. Then, one offers not a concept but an agenda, envisioned as a somewhat tense, but also creative balance between culture, developed as decolonial approach to the notion of territorial lived experience; social dynamics as a reversal of the conception of development from social points of view, proposing poorness as a resource to rethink desiderata of consumption and/or systems of symbolic values; finally, one proposes to rethink environment not as a problem, but as a source of new models, embedded in the discussion of ethnosustainability and ethnodevelopment.


Construction of sisal industry standard system is aspect of agricultural standardization in hot zone in China.The present status of construction of sisal industry standard system in China is specifically analyzed.The problems are pointed out,and their solutions combining with the author's working experience put forward.


Investigation into the features of the brain damage by the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident has become an urgent issue of today due to a number of circumstances. According to the classical concept dominating radiobiology until recently , the brain being composed of highly differentiated nerve cells , presents a radioresistant structure responsive to radiation injury induced by high and very high radiation doses ( 10000 rem and higher ) only. It has been universally recognized that there exist the subthreshold radiation doses harmless to human organism while higher doses produce dose dependent biological effects. Proceeding from this theoretical assumption , the condition of the nervous system exposed to radiation has been studied quite rarely while dealing with effects of small dose radiation on the brain was considered to be the most irrational. The results of clinical examinations given to the Chernobyl accident recovery workers at Kiev Institute of Neurosurgery , Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine , show that even the so called " small dose " radiation , when consumed continuously, produces neurological signs of the brain damage whose development was noted to be divided in certain phases : 1. Initial response phase which should be regarded as an acute radiation encephalopathy ( headaches , asthenia , nausea , vomiting , vertigo , insomnia). 2. Temporary compensation or pseudorecovery phase which occurs after people have been removed from radioactive area . 3. Decompensation phase characterized by reverting to previous complaints and disorders or worsening thereof, with addition of newly acquired symptoms , this giving the clinical picture of progressive encephalopathy which impacts all the three brain levels : the cortex , subcortex and stem . The hypothalamic and stemic disorders always prevail, however ( Fig. 1 ) .


Coeliac disease (CD) is a growing healthcare concern in many parts of the world. Its clinical presentation is variable, the condition is under-diagnosed and the existing laboratory-based serological tests are underused. Simtomax® is a rapid, point-of-care CD screening test, which—unlike current screening methods—is not invasive, and there are no specific requirements for training in its use, equipment or storage. The test will considerably facilitate screening and allow for faster counselling and treatment. Validation studies confirmed the accuracy of Simtomax® relative to standard ELISA methods and the high negative predictive value and sensitivity observed further supported its use as a screening tool. The budgetary impact of replacing the current CD screening process with the Simtomax® testing kit showed a potential saving to the NHS of over £7 million per year.


The invention discloses biological high-energy feed, which is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10 to 40 percent of straw powder, 25 to 35 percent of corn flour, 15 to 22 percent of soybean meal, 8 to 10 percent of bran powder, 4 to 16 percent of rapeseed virus-free protein, 1 to 3 percent of red fish powder, and 2 to 4 percent of premix. The biological high-energy feed has the advantages of good palatability, contribution to digestion and absorption, abundant nutrient components and low cost. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the biological high-energy feed.


The mechanism of the Н2, СО, СО2, СН3ОН, (CH3)2O interaction with the surfaces of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 was investigated using temperature-programmed desorption method with mass spectrometry detection. It was shown that desorption of the main process components takes place in the temperature range between 373 and 673 K, which corresponds to the temperature range for catalytic studies. Methanol dehydration takes place over the surface of γ-Al2O3 catalyst with formation of dimethyl ether at Тmax = 553 К, which is the optimal temperature for synthesis of dimethyl ether from CO and H2 over industrial catalysts with layered loadings. The desorption energies of the gases were calculated.


The increasing demand for high-performance and low cost optoelectronic devices motivates many researchers to develop more efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films. Among the popular TCOs, the past decade has seen the emergence of zinc oxide (ZnO) as one of the potential materials for the fabrication of transparent conductive electrodes. The aim of this work is to study the influence of different solvents on the properties of GdxZn1-xO (x ≤ 0.01) films synthesized by sol-gel spin coating technique. Consequently, three different solutions were prepared with different solvents [2-Methoxyethanol (2-ME), ethanol (EtOH) and isopropanol (IPA)]. The structural, surface roughness and optical properties were investigated using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD, PANanalytical xpert-pro), atomic force microscope (AFM, Park XE-100) and ultra violet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis, Shimadzu UV 1800), respectively. As a result, all films were found to have polycrystalline with hexagonal wurtzite structure. In addition, AFM analysis revealed that the film synthesized using EtOH exhibiting the smallest surface roughness of about 4.12 nm compared with IPA and 2-ME of about 5.12 nm and 12.22 nm, respectively. Also, the optical transmittance spectra indicate that all films exhibit good transparency in the visible spectral range with an average transmission of approximately 97.5%, 97.2% and 96.1% for EtOH, IPA and 2-ME, respectively. The optical band gap energy (Eg) values was estimated to be around 3.26 ~ 3.30 eV using Tauc's model with the lowest value for IPA (3.26 eV) and highest for 2-ME (3.30 eV). In a nutshell, the solvents are playing a key role for controlling the growth and nucleation in the preparation of GdxZn1-xO solution and it strongly affects the properties of the film.


Temperature stress is one of the most important environmental stress factors,which influences the growth and development of plants.Photosynthesis is a physiological process in plants in response to temperature stress.Heat stress leads a series of injuries,especially to the photosynthetic organs of plants.On the other hand,the responses of plant photosystem to heat stress is not solely passive.Plants actively resist heat stress through various changes at the cellular and molecular levels.Based on recent studies of plant photosynthetic processes under high temperature,defensive mechanisms of the photosystem to heat stress,which involves certain factors to reduce the harm through increasing heat dissipation,including heat shock proteins,salicylic acid,anti-peroxidase and ascorbic acid,were discovered.The significance and implications for future research are discussed in this review.


Limited and controversial data exist on the natural evolution of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in untreated individuals. This study examines the evolution of SDB over a 3-yr period in a community-based sample of elderly subjects. From the initial cohort of 854 healthy subjects aged mean±sd 68.4±0.8 yrs, 519 untreated subjects accepted clinical and instrumental follow-up 3.6±1.6 yrs later. SDB was defined as a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) >15 events·h−1. At baseline, 202 (39%) subjects had an RDI ≤15 events·h−1 and 317 (61%) had an RDI >15 events·h−1. 3 yrs later, 280 (54%) subjects were non-SDB and 239 (46%) had SDB. Between evaluations, the RDI decreased from 22.3±16.2 to 16.4±13.0 events·h−1, with a greater decrease in the number of cases with an RDI >30 events·h−1 that in those with RDI ≥30 events·h−1. In the non-SDB group, 81% had a stable RDI and 19% increased their RDI by a mean of 13.7 events·h−1. In the SDB group, the RDI decreased to values ≤15 events·h−1 in 36.6% of cases, 63.4% still having SDB. The RDI changes did not depend on weight changes. In healthy elderly subjects, the prevalence and severity of SDB did not show a tendency toward natural worsening, some cases having improvement or a remission independent of weight changes. These findings also suggest that in the elderly, natural SDB progression is still hypothetical.


With the energy becoming less and less and the pollution of the environment becoming serious,the overall aim of the low carbon supply chain research is to develop a energy saving and emission reduction in low carbon economy.This paper attempt from concepts of low-carbon and supply chain to research basic content of low carbon supply chain,low carbon evaluation index and index system will be stated based on basic character of low carbon supply chain.Then put forward preliminary design on integrated low carbon supply chain's visibility and process.


Objective:To develop a deployment and management system for medical equipment in our hospital to reduce waste and save medical resources. Methods:With the instrument of POWERBUILD 8.0, the author employed Life Cycle Method, Structuration and Prototyping approach in system development to develop this system for the purpose of applying it into deployment and management of medical equipment. Results:As compared with traditional methods, this software saved time, increased efficiency and was convenient for query. Meanwhile, it generated a diversified various reports and enhanced the deployment and management efficiency of medical equipment. Conclusion:Applicationof the management software improves the deployment and management level and promotes economic benefits of medical equipment.


Copper-based fungicides application has a long history, which can effectively control grape downy mildew, powdery mildew and other diseases, and it were used frequently and extensively in the vineyards around the world. Irrational use of copper-based fungicides can cause copper contamination on grapes. The increasing copper content in grape juice can affect the normal alcoholic fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and ultimately affect the quality of wine. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview on the effect of Cu2+on the viability and alcoholic fermentation of S. cerevisiae, and to describe its future prospects of the former studies, aiming to provide a reference for deeper study of the effect of Cu2+on S. cerevisiae.


Traditional workload managers do not have the capacity to consider how IO contention can increase job runtime and even cause entire resource allocations to be wasted. Whether from bursts of IO demand or parallel file systems (PFS) performance degradation, IO contention must be identified and addressed to ensure maximum performance. In this paper, we present AI4IO (AI for IO), a suite of tools using AI methods to prevent and mitigate performance losses due to IO contention. AI4IO enables existing workload managers to become IO-aware. Currently, AI4IO consists of two tools: PRIONN and CanarIO. PRIONN predicts IO contention and empowers schedulers to prevent it. CanarIO mitigates the impact of IO contention when it does occur. We measure the effectiveness of AI4IO when integrated into Flux, a next-generation scheduler, for both small- and large-scale IO-intensive job workloads. Our results show that integrating AI4IO into Flux improves the workload makespan up to 6.4%, which can account for more than 18,000 node-h of saved resources per week on a production cluster in our large-scale workload.


We give a proof of the Poincaré inequality in W 1, p (Ω) with a constant that is independent of Ω ∈ 𝒰, where 𝒰 is a set of uniformly bounded and uniformly Lipschitz domains in ℝ n . As a byproduct, we obtain the following: The first non vanishing eigenvalues λ2(Ω) of the standard Neumann (variational) boundary value problem on Ω for the Laplace operator are bounded below by a positive constant if the domains Ω vary and remain uniformly bounded and uniformly Lipschitz regular.


 Abstract — Crime scripting is a simple and effective crime modeling technique that aims to improve understanding of security analysts about security and crime incidents. Low-quality scripts provide a wrong, incomplete, or sophisticated understanding of the crime commission process, which oppose the purpose of their application, e.g., identifying effective and cost-efficient situational crime prevention (SCP) measures. One important and overlooked factor in generating quality scripts is the crime scripting method. This study investigates the problems within the existing crime scripting practices and proposes a crime scripting approach that contributes to generating quality crime scripts. It was validated by experienced crime scripters. This framework helps analysts develop better crime scripts and contributes to their effective application, e.g., SCP measures identification or policy-making.


This research demonstrates the use of genetic programming to derive the objective function that ranks the candidate concepts and selects the set of best matching concepts for a sentence within medical text. A short set of example primitive and linguistic variables was input into the GP process, and a set of manually tagged sentences extracted from the literature was used to derive different objective functions potentially suitable for tagging. This proof-of-concept demonstrates the potential of this approach to simplify automated semantic tagging and to identify some of the likely challenges of applying the GP approach to complex linguistics problems of this nature.


A series of papers published recently by the first author introduce a nonlinear filter that operates effectively as a data assimilation method for large-scale geophysical applications. The method uses sequential Monte Carlo techniques adopted by particle filters, which make no parametric assumptions for the underlying prior and posterior error distributions. The filter also treats the underlying dynamical system as a set of loosely coupled systems to effectively localize the effect observations have on posterior state estimates. This property greatly reduces the number of particles—or ensemble members—required for its implementation. For these reasons, the method is called the local particle filter. The current manuscript summarizes algorithmic advances made to the local particle filter following recent tests performed over a hierarchy of dynamical systems. The revised filter uses modified vector weight calculations and probability mapping techniques from earlier studies, and new strategies for improving filter stability in situations where state variables are observed infrequently with very accurate measurements. Numerical experiments performed on low-dimensional data assimilation problems provide evidence that supports the theoretical benefits of the new improvements. As a proof of concept, the revised particle filter is also tested on a high-dimensional application from a real-time weather forecasting system at the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). The proposed changes have large implications for researchers applying the local particle filter for real applications, such as data assimilation in numerical weather prediction models.


Based on the depth-averaged two-dimensional shallow water and pollutant transport equation, the coupling model of water flow and water quality with explicit scheme is developed in this study. The unstructured triangular grid is adopted to locally refine the mesh around sewage outlet or in high-gradient regions of terrain change for the coupling model. The finite volume method is applied to ensure the conservation of mass for each element. This hydrodynamic model applies the Roe solver approximate Riemann solution with second-order accuracy to compute the water momentum flux on the grid interface. Taking Dalian Bay as the research object, the numerical model established is used to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics and pollutant transport process. The computed results of the tide level, flow current and flow direction agree well with the measured data in Dalian Bay. The spatial and temporal distribution of pollutant in water are analyzed and discussed in this study. Simulated results show that the two-dimensional hydrodynamic and pollutant transport model can accurately simulate the mass transport in coastal waters, and it can provide a scientific basis on coastal water environment protection for the research water.


An important aspect of flood risk management is the issuing of timely flood alerts. The spatial, as well as temporal, scale of these warnings is important. In many situations efficient risk management may be aided by the provision of local flood predictions at a high spatial resolution. Examples of such situations include issuing warnings for small groups of outlying houses or key infrastructure locations such as power sub‐stations. In this paper a methodology for providing automated, detailed and location specific warnings which are computed 'on‐site' is presented. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society


Two pseudo-concurrent fault diagnostic approaches, namely, a roving spare technique and an inverse residue checking technique, and a testing strategy for processing elements in a high-speed signal processing system, are studied. The system consists of an array of identical (differing only in programmable coefficients) chips that perform complex arithmetic operations. Expressions for fault coverage and average fault latency using random tests for the two diagnostic techniques are obtained. A tradeoff between hardware overhead and average fault latency is identified. A comparison of the two techniques with respect to a set of attributes is presented. The fault-diagnostic techniques described were found to be suitable for implementation on a generalized-sidelobe-cancellor architecture mainly because of the memoryless property of the computations.<<ETX>>


An optical communications system is described that supports bi-directional interconnections between Space Station Freedom (SSF) and a host of attached and co-orbiting platforms. These proximity-operations (Prox-Ops) platforms are categorized by their maximum distance from SSF, with several remaining inside 1-km range and several extending out to 37-km and 2000-km ranges in the initial and growth phases, respectively. Two distinct Prox-Ops optical terminals are described. A 1-cm-aperture system is used on the short-range platforms to reduce payload mass, and a 10-cm-aperture system is used on the long-range platforms and on SSF to support the optical link budgets. The system supports up to four simultaneous user links, by assigning wavelengths to the various platforms and by using separate SSF terminals for each link.


Ankle injuries are one of the most common occurrences in the field of sports. Weight bearing dorsiflexion range can be an effecting factor in ankle injuries. Weight bearing lunge test is used to assess weight bearing dorsiflexion. By using this test as a standard testing protocol, it is possible to minimize development of further sport related ankle injuries.  But this test for basketball players with ankle injuries has not been studied yet. The current study will aim to examine the weight bearing dorsiflexion of basketball players related to their gender, ankle injury history and leg dominance. A quasi-experimental design study was conducted. Thirty-four (34) participants were recruited and initially and two (2) were excluded. 18 participants were male and 14 were female basketball players in Colombo Blues and Kotelawala Defence University basketball teams. The average of age of the sample was 21.8 years. Demographic data, information about training time, injury history of the participants was obtained using an interview administered assessment form. The Weight Bearing Dorsiflexion was measured using digital inclinometer. Findings indicated that the weight bearing dorsiflexion range is smaller than that of males (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in weight bearing dorsiflexion and ankle injury history (p<0.01) among players. Significant differences were seen in influence in leg dominance to weight bearing dorsiflexion (p<0.05). This is the first study that is investigated weight bearing dorsiflexion among basketball players in Sri Lanka. No significant difference was found between gender and weight bearing dorsiflexion. A significant difference was determined between ankle injury history and weight bearing dorsiflexion. Furthermore, a significant difference was found in leg dominance and weight bearing dorsiflexion.


Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a group of disorders characterized by impairment in three developmental areas: social interaction, communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Though the precise cause of autism has not yet been confirmed, but the experts suspect gene mutation, environmental pollution and other micro-nutrient deficiencies are the major factors fostering autism. In micro-nutrient deficiencies iron is one of them. High prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was reported in children with ASD. In developing countries one of the major cause of iron deficiency anemia for children is helminthes infection. But for ASD children insufficient dietary iron intake was considered to be associated with food selectivity which is commonly seen in this Jannatara Shefa, Shaheen Akhter, Shayla Haque, Mohammad Ferdous Ur RahamanFrequency of helminthes infection and iron deficiency in children with autism and its association with severity of symptoms in ASD EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. VII, Issue 11 / February 2020 5460 population. But negligence or stigma in ASD children for deworming are seen in our society. In Bangladesh the highest prevalence of A. lumbricoides (42.11%) was observed among the children aged 10 -12 years though deworming program has been running for the school going children round the year by Bangladesh government. For cognitive, behavioral, and motor development iron plays an important role. A reduction of iron levels in the brain may be accompanied by changes in serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, cortical networks, and myelination. In iron deficiency, learning, attention, memory, and psychomotor functions may be affected due to functional deficits in these biological processes. Thus, it can be considered that iron deficiency or anemia due to helminthes infection may increase the severity of symptoms of autism. Materials and Methods: This was a CaseControl study, 30 children were taken in each group and age range were 1 to 12 years. Random sampling method was used. ASD children were selected from out-patient department of Institute of Paediatric Neurodisorder and Autism (IPNA) Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), where the patients regularly visited for diagnosis, assessment and management. On the other hand same number of controlled children were selected with age group 1-12 years from randomly selected regular schools in Dhaka city. After selecting cases and controls, sample of blood and stools were collected and examine for detecting helminthes infection. If any group were found with helminthes infection then associate it with blood haemoglobin level. If the ASD children had iron deficiency (anemia) then again associate it with their symptoms of severity using Autism Diagnostic Check List (ADCL). Result: The result showed that selected ASD children had no ova count in their stool sample, but still they had low level of Hemoglobin in their blood sample (60% ). On the other hand blood Ferritin level is normal in most of them (76.7%). In case of Non-ASD children (16.7%) had ova in their stool sample and most of them had low level (70%) hemoglobin in their blood sample with normal blood Ferritin (86.7%) level. In this study Helminths infestation or blood hemoglobin level was not associated with Autism severity (P-value .25). Conclusion: Because of presence of low level of hemoglobin in blood sample of ASD and Non-ASD children it would be necessary to Jannatara Shefa, Shaheen Akhter, Shayla Haque, Mohammad Ferdous Ur RahamanFrequency of helminthes infection and iron deficiency in children with autism and its association with severity of symptoms in ASD EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. VII, Issue 11 / February 2020 5461 find out the causes.So many more research will be helpful to find out the cause.


The invention relates to an optoelectronic module (112), in particular an optoelectronic chip-on-board module (114). The optoelectronic module (112) comprises a support (116), wherein the carrier (116) is designed flat. Further, the optoelectronic module (112) comprises a plurality of on the carrier (116) arranged opto-electronic components (118). The optoelectronic module (110) further comprises at least one on the carrier (114) applied optics (120), in particular a micro-optics with a plurality of micro-optical elements. The optical system (120) comprises at least one optoelectronic component (116) adjacent to the primary optics (124) and at least one secondary optics (138) on.


The article argues that feminist theory needs a concept of objectivity as part of its working epistemology. "Objectivity" is not, as has been argued by some contemporary feminists, inevitably a "dichotomist male epistemological construct," leading to psychological distance and the hierarchies of "knower" and "known" that have victimized many groups in liberal society. The article analyzes Catherine MacKinnon's critique of "objectivity" as one of the most explicit, sophisticated and compelling theories demonstrating current feminist mistrust of "objectivity." It finds that even MacKinnon uses "objectivity" in a one-dimensional manner, equating epistemological objectivity with political objectification.


With the popularity of the Internet, the rise of e-commerce platforms has led to the rapid development of supply chain (SC) financial services in China, and the competitiveness of commercial banks and core enterprises in the supply chain is now gradually increasing, rapidly expanding into an important area of competition between the two. As an emerging force rebounding from the economic downturn, e-commerce platform transactions, with their unique characteristics of informatization, diversification, and convenience, have provided a broad space for Internet SC finance. The article mainly analyzes the risk identification method of e-commerce SC finance, analyzes its risk from the financing process, gives corresponding data support for the matters or processes that may cause financing risk based on DCNN model, and takes Jingdong SC finance as an example and analyzes its main financing methods and risk identification process; based on different experimental comparisons, a multigroup experimental study shows that the accuracy of supply chain finance risk identification using deep convolutional neural network models can reach 95.36%, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method by providing better performance compared to traditional BP and SVM networks.


IMPORTANT NOTE ON OBJECTS IN ACAD IMPORTANT NOTE ON OBJECTS IN ACAD: When using the following methods (EXTRUDE, SWEEPT LOFT, REVOLVE) you can create solids or surfaces. Whether the object is solid or surface is determined by 2 things: (1) Whether the polyline is open or closed: Open polygons and curves always create surfaces but closed polylines and curves can create either. (2) Which tab is active at the top of the ACAD workspace (See Figure 1) – If the Solid tab is active, a solid is created; if the Surface tab is active, a surface object is created; if the Home tab is active, by default, a solid is created from closed polylines (this default can be changed once a command is active by entering 'M' for Mode at the prompt) – Solids seem to translate into the COE format and import into Cyclone much better than surfaces, which sometimes will not show up in Cyclone at all in the COE format.


Tolerance education needs to be taught at school because it is very important to keep the harmony between the religious people in our country in the plural. Islamic Religious Education teachers play a role in teaching and learning to students about Islam that is tolerant and the rahmatan lil alamin, so as not to be exposed to radical Islam understanding. The research uses the Library Research method, namely: research conducted using literature (libraries), whether in the form of books, records, and reports of research results from previous research. The role of Islamic education teachers to instill a tolerant attitude of religion is to give examples to his children with a disdiscriminatory attitude does not provide a social status of economic, religious, language, skin tone, and other Etc. Always promote cooperation or dialogue when there are problems related to religious tolerance, giving understanding of Islamic teachings that are tolerant, moderate and Rahmatan Lil Alamin.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine and represents method of treating obesity, nicotine addiction and reduction of alarm, while smoking cessation by administering drug central and peripheral action in body, which is based on activated potentiated form of antibodies. Disclosed method is characterized by that drug contains activated potentiated form of antibodies to human cannabinoid receptor in form of activated potentiated aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic solution, obtained during successive multiple dilution of matrix solution in water or aqueous-alcohol solvent and intermediate external mechanical action. EFFECT: higher efficiency of treating obesity, nicotine addiction and reduction of alarm, while smoking cessation. 17 cl, 12 tbl, 7 ex


This paper shows that one second (1 s) firing of Si solar cells with screen‐printed Al on the back and SiNx anti‐reflection coating on the front can produce a high quality Al‐doped back‐surface‐field (Al‐BSF) and significantly enhance SiNx‐induced defect hydrogenation in the bulk Si. Open‐circuit voltage, internal quantum efficiency measurements, and cross‐sectional scanning electron microscopy pictures on float‐zone silicon cells revealed that 1 s firing in rapid thermal processing at 750°C produces just as good a BSF as 60 s firing, indicating that the quality of Al‐BSF region is not a strong function of RTP firing time at 750°C. Analysis of edge‐defined film‐fed grown (EFG) Si cells showed that short‐term firing is much more effective in improving the hydrogen passivation of bulk defects in EFG Si. Average minority‐carrier lifetime in EFG wafers improved from ∼3 to ∼33 μs by 60 s firing but reached as high as 95μs with 1 s firing, resulting in 15·6% efficient screen‐printed cells on EFG Si. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We have demonstrated a FWD-less SiC-inverter with fast short-circuit protection. 600 V rating SiC-MOSFETs was developed and integrated into an inverter module without FWDs. The power loss of the inverter was reduced by 60% as compared with conventional Si-inverter. In addition, we have shown fast short-circuit protection of the inverter by using shunt resistances. These results indicate super-small size, very-low cost and safety operation of SiC-inverters.


Owing to its suitable electronic bandgap, excellent air stability, and high carrier mobility at room temperature, low‐dimensional bismuth oxyselenide (Bi2O2Se) has become attractive in the context of visible–near‐infrared (VIS–NIR) detection. However, the high carrier concentration and bolometric effect of Bi2O2Se nanosheets are not conducive to reducing the dark current and improving the response speed, which hinders Bi2O2Se nanosheet‐based photodetectors from achieving an optimal performance. In this study, a Bi2O2Se nanoribbon is controllably synthesized on a fluorophlogopite substrate by means of the chemical vapor deposition approach. Through the use of a Bi2O2Se nanoribbon structure and the application of a Schottky barrier between the Bi2O2Se and Au electrodes, a fast response and low noise photodetector is achieved. More specifically, the response times are 2.1 and 313 µs at 650 and 1550 nm, respectively, and the corresponding optimal detectivities are 3.28 × 1013 and 8.07 × 109 Jones. Furthermore, the device reaches a −3 dB bandwidth of 81 kHz and exhibits a responsivity of 3.2 × 105 A W−1 at 650 nm under a bias of 5 V. This study provides new opportunities for the application of high‐performance VIS–NIR photodetectors.


Article of magnesium or an alloy having a surface coating layer, the coating contains magnesium phosphate or magnesium phosphate polycondensation, which may be generated by methods using an alkali metal ion-containing 1000-20000ppm, and condensed phosphates of 1000 ~ 50000ppm ions, and borate ions 100-20000ppm, and having a pH of at least the treatment liquid or a magnesium alloy article treated 8. This processed products have good corrosion resistance, and can form a coating layer having good adhesion to the surface of the article.


Nowadays, Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) is a first line, level 1 evidence‐based treatment for urinary incontinence (UI), but adherence to PFMT is often problematic. Today, there are several mobile applications (mApps) for PFMT, but many lack specific strategies for enhancing adherence.


The recently proposed loop representation is used to quantize linearized general relativity. The Fock space of graviton states and its associated algebra of observables are represented in terms of functionals of loops. The reality conditions'' are realized by an inner product that is chiral asymmetric, resulting in a chiral-asymmetric ordering for the Hamiltonian, and, in an asymmetric description of the left- and right-handed gravitons. The formalism depends on an arbitrary averaging'' function that controls certain divergences, but does not appear in the final physical quantities. In spite of these somewhat unusual features, the loop quantization presented here is completely equivalent to the standard quantization of linearized gravity.


Wind power prediction is important to synchronization of wind power. Conventional statistical methods were improved by considering the daily similarity of wind speed, but the sequential information was still ignored. This article puts forward a new method based on similarity and sequential time clustering, in which a year is divided into several continuous time series by clustering twice, with one catching the daily similarity and the other capturing the continuous wind statistics. Furthermore, different from the usual ANN model, SVM modeling is employed in the article to avoid trapping into local optimal. Experiment on a wind farm shows that it gains the error (RMSE/Installed Capacity) of 16.04%, consistently outperforming the method considering only daily similarity by relatively 7.2%.


fossil fuels. One example of novel sustainable materials is Wood-Plastic-Composite (WPC) which consists of wood fibres embedded in a petrochemical matrix. They are so far applied as wall cladding. Further regulations. Our findings demonstrate that current WPCs are still in need of further application-oriented development of a GCF a challenge which our paper finally encounters by the proposition of an all embracing Life-Cycle-Sustainability-Assessment. environmental potential speaks for a career as niche product particularly for highly environmentally friendly applications in the building envelope. Keywords


We describe a case of malignant melanoma presenting initially as an endobronchial lesion located in the left main bronchus causing total atelectasis. This resolved with radiation therapy. Widespread metastases developed shortly thereafter.


The invention belongs to a selenium fertilizer and an application method thereof. The sustained-release soil selenium fertilizer used for degrading residual pesticide and reducing heavy metal content is characterized in that: the fertilizer comprises components of, by weight: 2-5 parts of a high-molecular framework material, 1 part of an adhesive a, 5-8 parts of potassium selenite, 1 part of borax, 0.5 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 2 parts of an adhesive b. According to the invention, a high-molecular membrane cladding technology is adopted, such that pores with different diameters are formed; the selenium fertilizer can penetrate the pores, such that the effect of sustained-release is realized.


The Plaza de La Fe, the Plaza to the Faith, of Pope John Paul II, in Managua, Nicaragua, is the site of many celebrations for the people of Nicaragua. At one end of the plaza, a performance, acoustic shell was constructed as a focus for performances in the plaza. The acoustic shell has a very large capacity, for full orchestra and choir, at a minimum. It supports multiple band setups on the same stage depending on the celebration requirements. The shell is used for all types of performances and presentations, be they multiband, dance, classical music, or speech. In spite of significant concavity of the overall design, the shell elements were also molded to provide directional sound reflections both to the plaza and to the performers on the stage. This presentation will show the progress of the project from design, through construction. The acoustic shell was inaugurated with an attendance of over 100,000 in Jan. 2005.


At the unit level test, the small area-to-mass ratio unit of spacecraft generally adopts the random vibration test to simulate the acoustic environment during the launch event. Acoustic excitation and random vibration exerted on spacecraft units reflect different dynamic characteristics. Thus, the equivalence analysis between them deserves to be conducted. In this work, a thruster outside the spacecraft was taken as an example, for it directly experiences acoustic load compared with the electronic equipment inside. The vibroacoustic and random vibration models of the thruster were established, and response behavior was explored. Results show that there are differences in the response distribution rules of acoustic load and random vibration on the thruster. The farther to the thruster root is, the harder acoustic vibration responses can be covered by the random response, so an appropriate safety margin shall be reserved when formulating random vibration conditions of units.


The present invention discloses an automobile weather strip which is easy molding as a sealing strip, having inserts and exhibit greater holding force for the flange. The sealing strip comprises a fitting portion and a sealing portion. Fitting holding portion having an outer lip and an inner retaining lip, outer retaining lip formed by the inner surface of the outer side wall extending of the retaining lip so as to extend from the inner surface of the inner side wall and the insert embedded in the fitting portion. Near the end of the insert is formed of a strip-shaped metal plate, so that a large number of panels each having a rectangular configuration extending in the width direction of the strip-shaped metal plate, and in the longitudinal direction of the band shaped metal plate, in the panels by the connecting member the respective panels are connected to form a ladder structure. Slits formed between the adjacent panels, and a central connecting portion in the width direction has a smaller width is arranged to face the outside from the holding portion and the inner lip of the base facing the lip portion toward the base end panels deviation.


With 100 000 t/a butadiene styrene rubber installation's the process of production and the shield pump's structural characteristics,respectively,from bearing wearing and pump cavitations,the cause of the high temperature about shielding pumps were analyzed and the corresponding countermeasure is put forward.


Tanah Laut District has been designated by the Ministry of Forestry as an area for developing Leading Non-Timber Forest Products (HHBK) in the form of honey bee cultivation. This is in line with the local government policy of Tanah Laut Regency through the Decree of the Regent of Tanah Laut Number: 188.45 / 463-KUM / 2013 which stipulates honey as the leading NTFP in Tanah Laut. The types of honey that are cultivated are bees Apis cerena, Apis mellifera and Kelulut (Trigona itama).  Dusun Trans Kopi Telaga Langsat, Tanah Laut district is one of the areas where there are farmers who practice kelulut honey bee cultivation. However, so far there has been no information or study results that show how feasible the honey cultivation business is carried out by kelulut honey bee farmers in this area. This research aims were analyzed the feasibility of honey bee cultivation and its contribution to farmer household income. The data collected  in this research were done by interviewing and observing. The analyzed of data had been obtained by BCR formula (Benefit Cost Ratio) to determine the feasibility of the business. The contribution of business was conducted to determine how much contribution of kelulut honey bee cultivation for  farmers' household income. The results showed that the business carried out by Yamani's kelulut honey bee business had a BCR value of 5.72 with a contribution to household income of 16.77%. Meanwhile, Rudi's kelulut honey bee business has a BCR of 8.73 with a contribution to household income of 8.99%. Kelulut honey bee cultivation which is carried out by the two farmers is a type of business that is worthy of investment because the value of each BCR is more than 1 (BCR> 1).


Patients' dreams and analysts' dreams about patients are assumed to reflect each analytic participant's attitude and psychic conduct toward the other, and an unconscious overlapping of psychic issues and struggles between them as well. This makes it possible to deal with dreams from one‐person and two‐person models of psychological functioning, as well as from an additional psychic dimension that is assumed to be a creation of the analysis itself. As a source of freely moving experience within both participants, one that is assumed to have a life and direction of its own, this latter dimension of analysis permits patient and analyst to undergo more freely the actual experience of the treatment as a modality that is separate from and prior to positivistically grounded determinations that can be made about either the patient or analyst individually, or about the two of them jointly. This dimension of analysis is said also to reflect a holism that characterizes conscious and unconscious psychoanalytic experi...


This paper investigates the partial discharge characteristics of void defect in SF6 gas insulation under stepped alternating current voltage. Two kinds of partial discharge detection techniques are used, e.g. phase-resolved partial discharge pattern and current pulse waveform analysis. The partial discharge patterns and current pulse waveform are obtained by using a commercial partial discharge measurement system and oscilloscope, respectively. With the applied voltage raised in a regular step, the patterns of partial discharges were recorded. From the results of phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) patterns and some deduced histograms, statistical operators like as skewness and kurtosis were calculated, and used to investigate the partial discharge characteristics. After that, the statistical signature (fingerprint) information representing the insulation condition were extracted from the experimental results. The partial discharge characteristic from different alternating current applied voltage indicates that phase-resolved partial discharge patterns and current pulse waveform (CPWA) vary with applied voltage. The partial discharge evolution was analyzed using single current pulse waveform and sequential current pulse waveform.


Five yeast strains were isolated from soil and sediments collected from Alps and Apennines glaciers during sampling campaigns carried out in summer 2007 and 2017, respectively. Based on morphological and physiological tests and on phylogenetic analyses reconstructed with ITS and D1/D2 sequences, the five strains were considered to belong to two related but hitherto unknown species within the genus Mrakia, in an intermediate position between Mrakia cryoconiti and Mrakia arctica. The names Mrakia stelviica (holotype DBVPG 10734T) and Mrakia montana (holotype DBVPG 10736T) are proposed for the two novel species and a detailed description of their morphological, physiological and phylogenetic features are presented. Both species fermented glucose, sucrose and trehalose, which is an uncommon feature in basidiomycetous yeasts, and showed septate hyphae with teliospore formation.


In this paper, the Single-event burnout (SEB) triggering mechanism for LDMOS devices is numerically studied by using the 2D technology computer-aided design device simulator, simultaneously, a hardened LDMOS with an N-type doped plug inserting in the drain region is proposed for the first time. The SEB triggering mechanisms contain the amplification bipolar effect and following impact ionization in the high field region. By comparing the simulation results from conventional LDMOS and proposed NDP LDMOS, the carriers induced by heavy ion can be quickly absorbed to drain and source electrode through NDP layer, so that the proposed NDP LDMOS can achieve better SEB performance than conventional one. With a heavy ion having the linear energy transfer value of 0.2pC/$\mu$m striking vertically, SEB threshold voltage obtained in conventional LDMOS and hardened NDP LDMOS is 197V and 291V, respectively.


in 1961 and 1962 John p. Harrison, associate director for the Humanities Division at the rockefeller Foundation, successfully sponsored grants toward the creation of the latin American music Center (lAmC) at indiana university and the Centro latinoamericano de Altos estudios musicales (ClAem) at the Di Tella institute in buenos Aires. The first was meant to be a research and teaching center encompassing latin American countries and the second a graduate school for latin American composers in the Western art music tradition.1 only a handful of music projects in the united States received as much funding from the rockefeller Foundation as these two, and even fewer had as much success. This increased attention to latin American music happened at the same time that u.S. foreign policy in the region shifted from the handsoff approach of the 1950s to the support of social and economic development programs of the 1960s, as exemplified by the Alliance for progress. The Cuban revolution had brought latin America to the center stage of the Cold War, and, at least initially, u.S. developmental aid was seen as a way to promote economic growth and prevent the spread of Communism. most scholars explain the alignment between u.S. private philanthropy


Aircraft don't always behave like linear systems. In some flight regimes, or in some (failure) scenarios, they behave in a nonlinear way. To control them, you therefore also need a nonlinear controller. And this controller should be as robust as possible, for the model never exactly matches reality. In this file, we'll examine the technique called nonlinear dynamic inversion. It has proven to be an easy way of controlling nonlinear systems. Next to this, it offers possibilities for very robust control through an expansion called incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion. Let's examine the model of an aircraft. For simplicity, we will assume that it is a single input single output (SISO) model. This model has the form ˙ x = f (x) + g(x)u, (1.1) with x the state vector. (Note that f (x) can be a nonlinear function.) The above model can be rewritten to companion form       ˙ x 1. . .


Aneuploidy is associated with drug resistance in fungal pathogens. In tropical countries, Candida tropicalis is the most frequently isolated Candida species from patients. To facilitate the study of genomic rearrangements in C. tropicalis, we assembled its genome in seven gapless chromosomes by combining next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies with chromosome conformation capture sequencing (3C-seq). Our 3C-seq data revealed interchromosomal centromeric and telomeric interactions in C. tropicalis, similar to a closely related fungal pathogen Candida albicans. By performing a genome-wide synteny analysis between C. tropicalis and C. albicans, we identified 39 interchromosomal synteny breakpoints (ICSBs), which are relics of ancient translocations. Majority of ICSBs are mapped within 100 kb of homogenized inverted repeat-associated (HIR) centromeres (17/39) or telomere-proximal regions (7/39) in C. tropicalis. Further, we developed a genome assembly of Candida sojae and used the available genome assembly of Candida viswanathii, two closely related species of C. tropicalis, to identify the putative centromeres. In both species, we identified the putative centromeres as HIR-associated loci, syntenic to the centromeres of C. tropicalis. Strikingly, a centromere-specific motif is conserved in these three species. Presence of similar HIR-associated putative centromeres in early-diverging Candida parapsilosis indicated that the ancestral CUG-Ser1 clade species possessed HIR-associated centromeres. We propose that homology and spatial proximity-aided translocations among the ancestral centromeres and loss of HIR-associated centromere DNA sequences led to the emergence of evolutionary new centromeres (ENCs) on unique DNA sequences. These events might have facilitated karyotype evolution and centromere-type transition in closely-related CUG-Ser1 clade species.


Abstract : An updated set of altitude adjusted corrected geomagnetic coordinates has been calculated. The coordinates are based on the 10th generation IGRF model coefficients for Epoch 2005. The corrected geomagnetic coordinates at ground level are available as a lookup table, and a corresponding set of spherical harmonic coefficients for use in computing altitude adjusted corrected geomagnetic coordinates at various altitudes (after Baker and Wing [1998]) are also available. Both products are geared towards replacing the tables and coefficients used in Hein and Bhavnani [1996]. An alternative algorithm is introduced that assists in solving discontinuity problems found near the South Atlantic Anomaly and the dip equator when calculating geomagnetic coordinates from a geographic coordinate basis.


The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of responsive institutions: governments and communities coordinating policy changes; media, social networks, and officials swiftly and accurately conveying information; and an engaged public. This special issue explores social and political factors that both shaped initial response to the pandemic, and were altered by it. Institutional inequalities and variations in government response created significant differences in health outcomes even as the contagious nature of the pandemic linked spaces and people. Thus COVID-19 created new crises, exacerbated inequalities, and led to broad social changes. Social scientists will spend decades unraveling the consequences of COVID-19. This issue challenges scholars to apply existing theories and frameworks, but also to see the pandemic as an event that stimulates us to reevaluate settled paradigms.


In 2017, American Electric Power (AEP), PJM Interconnection, and Genscape, Inc. partnered to perform a dynamic line rating (DLR) pilot project on the Cook-Olive 345 kV transmission line in the AEP Transmission Zone of PJM. DLR technologies report the real-time ampacity capabilities of thermallylimited transmission assets. To determine a line's dynamic limit, measurement equipment is installed in the transmission right-of-way to monitor the real-time conductor temperature, as it changes with weather and loading conditions. This pilot successfully demonstrated the additional capacity and overall variability that DLR ratings can provide on a typical overhead transmission line.


The paper presents an analysis of the digital change that took place in services for and with families during the Covid19 crisis, through the data of a research conducted in the Lombardy Region with 300 families with children, 48 family consulting services and 50 family associations and through a national longitudinal analysis on CISF data in the years 2017-2022 about the families' propensity to use digital technology for their needs. The picture outlined by the data shows how the Lombard institutions have responded to the families' experience, characterized by transversal problems, by activating measures to continue offering their services remotely, through internet and the telephone. Families have often adapted to such new and variable answers that in some cases have failed to satisfy their wishes. Social and health services changed from an adaptive perspective, but do not yet appear fully reflective of the long-term impact of the digital help's offer. In fact, the post-pandemic scenario of strong digital transformation requires the various welfare actors to strategically rethink support for family relationships and to innovate the smartness, accessibility, and diversification of the help's offer to intervene incisively in the face of aggravated needs and widened inequalities.


Summary

An examination was carried out of the range of variations in the chemical components of human bone dating from 2100 to 2000 bpe.

A comparison was made with bones of other ages. A definite connection was established in the samples, between the percentage of inorganic material and the age of the bone.


With the improvement of industrialization, the importance of equipment failure prediction is increasing day by day. Accurate failure prediction of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) in advance can reduce the economic loss caused by the failure of the power system to operate normally. Therefore, a GIS fault prediction approach based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (IPSO)-least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the future gas conditions of the GIS to determine the characteristic data of SF6 decomposition gas are analyzed; Secondly, a GIS fault prediction model based on LSSVM is established, and the IPSO algorithm is used to normalize the parameters LSSVM. The parameters of c and radial basis kernel function σ2 are optimized, which can meet the needs of later search accuracy while ensuring the global search capability in the early stage. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the fault data of gas-insulated switch. Simulation results shows that, compared with the prediction methods based on IGA-LSSVM and PSO-LSSVM, the prediction accuracy rate of the proposed method reached 92.1%, which has the smallest prediction absolute error, higher accuracy and stronger prediction ability.


Abstract The microstructural evolution of a spheroidised Fe-0.85C wt- steel during heavy cold rolling and post-aging was studied, with the emphasis on cementite. A new morphology of cementite, wavy thin bands nearly parallel to the rolling plane, was found in the specimens subjected to rolling reductions >90. Slip on 001theta planes was observed in the deformed cementite particles. By X-ray diffraction, it was found that the initial spheroidal cementite particles dissolve partially in a solid solution of ferrite by deformation, in a manner similar to that of the lamellar cementite of pearlite. Greater strain age hardening was observed for the spheroidised steel than for a similarly treated pearlitic Fe-0.85C steel. The strain age hardening peak was observed at 573 K for the spheroidite structure, which is 150 K higher than was observed for the pearlite structure. The activation energy for age hardening was estimated to be 122 kJ mol1, which is attributed to carbon atom diffusion from cementite to dislocations in ferrite.