Energy consumption and Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, even in Communications Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) has become an area of global concern and investigation. From research, information and communications technology (ICT) industry has been identified as a fast growing contributor to the global greenhouse gas emissions, with a current footprint of about 2%. There is a growing interest in optimizing energy consumption efficiency while at the same time increasing throughput of Mobile ad hoc Networks; this can be a solution to decarbonize the economy and help improve climate change. This paper explores energy consumption and throughput in mobile ad hoc networks given the increasing demand for an efficient high data-rate wireless communications, available at all times and everywhere. W e used power saving protocols which can further be classified as being either proactive (periodic) or reactive (on-demand). Proactive protocols attempt to maintain routes to all possible destinations at all times, whereas reactive protocols (DSR and AODV) attempt to select or maintain routes only when needed to destinations for current communication. The approach is different from the use of power control for transmission which is the other alternative. Simulation modeling approach was used to generate and capture energy levels per node connection. The simulation-based evaluation of the performance (network efficiency) in terms of energy consumption and throughput was done through the use of Glomosim simulator configured in a cross layer design architecture integrating communication and control layer aspects for energy efficient applications through all the layers of the protocol stack interactions. We studied the performance and energy consumption of a MANET by comparing two reactive routing protocols (AODV and DSR) behavior in different scenarios. The authors suggest that an optimized MANET topology or configuration is more appropriate to use when configured on a DSR routing protocol. The paper concludes by suggesting a number of applications that can take advantage of low energy usage in MANETs that have potential to contribute to reductions in global greenhouse effect significantly.


I NCREASED osmotic resistance of erythrocytes from patients with carcinoma was first noted by Chanel, about 1880, and confirmed by Janowsky and Lang in 1901 and 1902. Kiinstler (1933), in reviewing the literature, discussed 350 cases of carcinoma reported by various workers and added seventytwo of his own. Although there was great variation in the methods employed by the several investigators, results, on the whole, showed that red cells from patients with carcinoma were more resistant to osmotic hemolysis than those from patients with benign lesions or those of normal subjects. Kunstler, however, concluded that the use of the hypotonic saline fragility test as a diagnostic tool for the early detection of cancer was not feasible. He believed that the resistance found was due to the marked anemia and cachexia present in almost all of the cases studied. We have found no subsequent reports in this field in the literature. Inasmuch as the methods previously used for the study of osmotic resistance have been lacking in reproducibility, it has seemed worthwhile to reinvestigate the problem using the more reliable technique described by Jacobs, et al. This method utilizes buffered solutions to maintain a constant pH and a water bath for accurate temperature control.


The tourism industry has been studied as one of the important components of the world economy. The place and role of licensing of tourist activity in the system of state regulation in the field of tourism are considered. The normative-legal regulation of licensing of tourist activity in Ukraine is analyzed. It is determined that the obligation to issue licenses for the right to conduct tour operators is assigned to the State Agency for Tourism Development of Ukraine (DART). The views of representatives of the tourism business on the abolition of licensing of travel agencies in Ukraine, which was carried out on the basis of the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine to Restrict State Regulation of Economic Activity». Modern approaches to the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of tourism market participants in some countries and in Ukraine are analyzed. The procedure for issuing licenses for tourism activities in such popular tourist countries as Italy, France, Great Britain, Turkey, Thailand, Japan and the UAE is considered. The legal regulation of tourism in the European Union is studied and the Directive (EU) № 2015/2302 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on package tours and related travel organizations is analyzed, which aims to promote the proper functioning of the internal market and achieve the highest possible higher and equal level of protection of consumers of tourist services. It is determined which public authorities in foreign countries are responsible for state regulation of tourism. The types of licenses that can be obtained when opening travel agencies in foreign countries are considered. It is established that the procedure for obtaining a license differs from country to country and depends on a number of factors, including: models of public tourism management, development of the general legal framework, formation and structure of the tourism market, the presence of an association of tourism professionals. The improvement of state regulation of tourism development in Ukraine on the basis of international experience is analyzed. The directions of Ukraine which are directed on improvement of tourist sphere, namely introduction of the register of subjects of tourist activity are defined.


Some readers may also feel a little frustrated by Haber's methodological approach. As an intellectual historian he is especially interested in the ideas that underpinned the professions, with the result that we learn as much about doctrinal disputes, pedagogical styles and advances in medical science as we do about the structure and organization of the professions themselves. Nevertheless, this is an elegant and thoughtful book and not least of its merits is its comparative perspective. Who in 1750 would have predicted that by 1900 medicine would have replaced the ministry as the pre-eminent American profession?


In many cases, IPR holders of technologies have control rights in negotiation while they should take consideration of reasonable requests from partners. If customers have difficulty in quality identification, how to design the cooperation contracts influenced by both adverse selection problem and moral hazard problem for multi-agent technology-transformation projects? The results show us that negative effect relating to partners' high effort and security benefits promised to partners will influence the final designing result.


The authors have taken a unique approach to the synthesis and study of hybrid organic/inorganic materials. The method involves synthesizing nano-size inorganic P{sub 1}R{sub 7}Si{sub 8}O{sub 12} clusters which contain seven inert R groups for solubility and only one functional P group for polymerization. This strategy permits the synthesis of melt processable, linear hybrid polymers containing pendent inorganic clusters and allows one to study the effect these clusters have on chain motions and polymer properties. The synthesis of styrene-based polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) macromers, their free radical homopolymerization and copolymerizations with varying amounts of 4-methylstyrene, and analysis of the effect of the pendent POSS group is presented. All of these polymers decompose under nitrogen between 365 and 400 C, and the glass transitions for these materials vary from around 110 C up to the decomposition point. Both T{sub dec} and T{sub g} increase with increasing POSS content. The shorter the spacer unit between the POSS group and the polymer chain the higher the T{sub g}. Interestingly, a slight change in the inert R groups on the POSS cluster has a large effect on the glass transition indicating that POSS-POSS interactions have an effect on chain mobility.


Gas-liquid multiphase flows are a significant phenomenon in many chemical processes. Smaller bubbles have higher mass transfer efficiency, so this work proposes a new gas-liquid mass transfer enhancement method for a multi-downcomer sieve tray: bubble breakup by falling droplets. The motion of the bubbles was studied with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and particle image velocimetry (PIV). The main depth of influence of droplets was determined to be around 15 mm. A droplet breaks a bubble better when the gas velocity is 0.34-0.42 m/s. The droplet enters the liquid layer and acts directly or indirectly on the bubble, increasing its residence time and surface area after large bubbles impacted by droplets are split into smaller ones. The flow field around the bubble changes, the pressure and velocity inside the bubble increase, and the surface renewal accelerates. CO2 absorption experiments show that droplet-broken bubbles enhance the gas-liquid mass transfer effect.


Genetic Algorithms(GAs) is employed to synthesis the large fan beam shaped pattern waveguide slotted array. Waveguide phase shifters are used to compensate the definite phases for each waveguide. The whole array is divided into eight partitions to broaden the bandwidth. Full wave simulations confirm the design of the shaped pattern antenna that will be used in the altimeter payload.


A novel method based on s-transform matrix for analyzing power quality is proposed in this paper. It proposes a very fast and robust algorithm to identify and measure PQ disturbances. The capability of this algorithm to recognize and measure disturbances in both time and frequency domains will assist in precise disturbance localization and detection. Many case studies considered here, containing voltage swell, voltage sag, harmonics, interharmonics, transients, voltage changes with multiple frequencies, voltage fluctuation, or flicker and voltage disrupt will be investigated comprehensively by using this new time-frequency analysis method. Calculations have been carried out by matlab software, and the results shows that this method can use in accurate PQ disturbance identification.


Recently, speaking is important in many aspects. A technique which can be used to increase speaking skill is by using role-play. It can develop communicative competence of the students. The aim of this study is to understand the students' problems in doing role-play and to recognize the effects of role-play for the students in communicative competence aspect. The participants were fifth semester students of English Education Department, and it included 108 students. This study was conducted in campus 4 of Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. The instruments used questionnaire and interview. In calculating the questionnaire, SPSS 17.0 was used by the researcher. The questionnaire result showed that using role-play in learning process improves the communicative competence of the students. It is supported by interview result which described that (1) using role-play can increase vocabularies of students, (2) it gives new atmosphere in the classroom, and (3) the students get some experiences to add their knowledge.


The article is devoted to topical issues of disclosure of information about strategies and risks in corporate reporting in the field of sustainable development on the example of the oil and gas sector. A stakeholder risk-oriented approach to the disclosure of key risks related to the interests of strategically interested parties is proposed.


The invention discloses an overturning device used for cabling machine for a multiple-strand micro-rotation steel wire rope, which is arranged on the front end of the cabling machine of a cabling production line. The overturning device comprises a base, wherein the base is rotatably provided with a roll-over stand; one end of the roll-over stand is connected with a rotating shaft; the rotating shaft is connected with a driving device by a transmission assembly; the driving device is electrically connected with an electric cabinet; the roll-over stand is provided with a spool; and two sides of the spool are respectively provided with a damping wheel and a balance block. The overturning device is synchronously started to work by an independent driving motor when the steel wire ropes are combined; the roll-over stand of the overturning device can be overturned; the overturning speed of the roll-over stand is carried out according to a specified technical parameter; the overturning direction is opposite to the direction of the rope combination product of the cabling machine; the phenomenon that a finished product is uneven and has an internal stress defect because multiple layers of strands are compositely twisted is eliminated; and the finished product quality of the steel wire rope is greatly improved. The overturning device is convenient to operate and control and is easy to popularize and use.


Introduction. Analytical studies of Greek-style yoghurt manufacturing methods, formation and physicochemical characteristics of acid milk gels and factors that define yogurt quality are presented. Material and methods. The review is based on all the most important scientific papers ever published on the subject. Results and discussion. Different yoghurt production methods: traditional methods based on mechanical separators, methods based on membrane processes and methods based on direct recombination, give product with differences in properties. Two of the most important parameters: the textural attributes and the water holding capacity define yogurt quality and determine consumer acceptance. Numerous manufacturing parameters, such as severe heat treatments, excessive whey protein to casein ratios, high incubation temperatures, certain types of starter cultures and the use of excessive amounts of starter culture, are associated with textural defects of stirred yogurt like graininess (particles) or surface roughness (irregularities in the yogurt matrix). This method of direct recombination has advantages over others, because it is more environmentally friendly and increases the nutritional value of the finished product. Still, rheological properties of recombined concentrated yogurt are different from those of strained yogurt. Usually they form weaker gels than those made by traditional or UF methods. Different dry dairy ingredients (especially with elevated content of whey protein) should be used for production of concentrated yogurt. Conclusions. Future research should be focused on the production of concentrated yogurt by direct recombination. Article history:


The nutritional and health benefits of fiber-rich whole grains and whole grain products are robustly supported by epidemiological and case control studies. However, various whole grain products fitting within the U.S. FDA whole grain labeling guidance are acutely low in fiber, and consumption of the recommended daily intake of whole grains (3–5 servings) from products containing these whole grains would be insufficient to meet even 50% of the recommended daily intake of fiber (25–38 g). This represents a critical shortfall that is made worse by the fact that U.S. consumer intake is at only ≈40% of the fiber and ≈15% of the whole grain levels recommended by the 2010 USDA Dietary Guidelines. At the same time, simply increasing whole grain consumption to increase fiber intake to meet these recommendations is constrained by the potential impact on the processing and sensory quality of food products and an increase in caloric intake. Several of the epidemiological studies showing the benefits of whole grain co...


Key Points Question Is neonatal hypoglycemia associated with neurocognitive outcomes in otherwise well late preterm and full-term term neonates born at risk of hypoglycemia? Findings In this cohort study of 1197 participants in a randomized clinical trial, the prevalence of neurosensory impairment at 2 years was significantly higher in those who experienced hypoglycemia than in those who did not (23% vs 18%). The risk was greater in children who experienced severe episodes (28%). Meaning The findings of this study suggest that children who experienced neonatal hypoglycemia are at increased risk of neurosensory impairment at corrected age 2 years, even if screened and treated to maintain blood glucose concentrations greater than or equal to 47 mg/dL.


Risk/needs assessment tools are essential to implementing supervision and interventions that reduce recidivism in correctional populations. A substantial amount of research exists supporting the use of risk, need, and responsivity principles to reduce recidivism. However, research thus far has not examined whether or how these principles generalize to white‐collar offenders. The primary goal of this dissertation was to validate a risk/needs assessment instrument, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Probation and Pretrial Service Office's Post Conviction Risk Assessment (PCRA), on a sample of white‐collar offenders. To accomplish this goal, a sample of 31,306 white‐collar offenders who started supervision under the AOUSC, PPSO between October 2006 and October 2014 was used to examine the validity of the PCRA in predicting revocation. Results from binary logistic regression confirmed that PCRA risk levels create statistically significant groups that are associated with a white‐collar offender's likelihood of being revoked while on supervision. Results from analyzing the predictive validity of the overall PCRA risk score with revocation supported the use of the PCRA as a strong predictor, showing that white‐collar offenders are more likely to be revoked as their scores on the PCRA increase. Additionally, binary logistic regression identified both similarities and differences in significant items from the PCRA for white‐collar offenders compared to other types of offenders, suggesting that there may be some unique aspects of risk for white‐ collar offenders. However, when white‐collar offender specific scoring was generated for the PCRA, there were no significant improvements in prediction of revocation within the sample. The results demonstrate that white‐collar offenders share similar criminogenic needs to "street" offenders, but sometimes they manifest differently. The overall contributions of this research to the fields of corrections and white‐collar crime and suggestions for future areas of research are discussed.


Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids(AGF) are kind of natural plant chemical additives which extracted from ampelopsis grossedntata.Dihydromyricetin(DMY) is their major chemical composition.The effect of AGF and DMY in animal industry has been researched extensively as feed additives in recent years.It has been found that the AGF and DMY could advance immunity and production of the animal,have anti-oxidation effect,and improve the quality of animal product.The physiological function and application of AGF and DMY in animal industry are reviewed in this paper.


OBJECTIVE
To define the expertise required of general physicians by surveying the work of an admissions ward.

DESIGN
Observational study during a three-year period.

SETTING
A 30-bed medical admissions ward in a district general hospital.

MAIN MEASUREMENTS
Demography, diagnoses and management of 30,798 patients admitted.

RESULTS
Patients admitted as emergencies through the admissions ward made up the bulk of inpatients in general medical and health care of the elderly wards. The most common age group was 70-79 years, and there was a slight predominance of men. Fifty-eight per cent of patients came to hospital as a result of emergency ambulance calls, without the involvement of a general practitioner. Cardiovascular diagnoses were most common (40% of patients) but virtually all medical conditions were represented. Twenty-nine per cent of patients were discharged within 24 hours and few were readmitted.

CONCLUSIONS
Management of patients according to different age groups, or by specialties, does not seem feasible. Although specialty expertise is needed in a district general hospital, only a physician with an interest and training in general medicine can handle the scale and scope of medical emergencies. The majority of physicians still need to be 'general physicians with a special interest'.


Dr. W. Kirt Nichols (University of Missouri, Co lumbia, Missouri): This is a particularly vexing clinical problem, and one that we have encountered a relatively small number of times. Every time, we get further and further frustrated in our attempts to care for these patients. Our patient is a 38year-old female with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to IgA nephropathy; she was diagnosed in 1992 at the age of 33 and began chronic hemodialysis. In J anuary 1995 she received a kidney transplant. In March 1995 she lost her transplant due to rejection. At that time, a right internaljugular-vein PermCath (Sherwood-Davis & Geck, St.Louis , MO,U.S.A.)was used as a blood access for hemodialysis. In September of that year, she had a cytomegalovirus infection, and in October 1995, a left upper-arm poly tetrafluoroethylene arteriovenous graft was created for hemodialysis access. She returned to the hospital in December of that year with her graft thrombosed; a thrombectomy was performed. Mter the thrombectomy, we recommended that she be started on warfarin. She had a noninvasive vascular laboratory examination that showed good flow in her graft and no anatomic defects and no residual stenosis. At that time, her weight was 109 kilograms and


We give a motivation and gentle introduction into the regularity structure and model introduced by Otto, Sauer, Smith and Weber, which fall into the framework of Hairer, but have a greedier index set than the one given by trees. We do this here for a simple quasi-linear parabolic equation and assume that the driving noise is so regular that no renormalization is needed. We introduce the abstract model space $\mathsf{T}$ and its grading, the pre-model $\mathbf{\Pi}$, the centered model $\Pi_x$, the structure group $\mathsf{G}$, and the re-centering transformations $\Gamma_{xy}$. Using integration and reconstruction, we establish the desired estimates on $\Pi_x$ and $\Gamma_{xy}$, which here are deterministic since we deal with the regular case.


The purpose of this study is the connection of the work style and behavior of the organization leader and the team performance in the Multi-level Marketing and uses the organization identity as the intermediary to proceed as the empirical study. This study finds that the transactional leadership has the key leading behavior of offering vision, promise, intelligent inspiring and developing oneself that will be helpful to increase the organization identity of the members and the emotional identity and link to standing together through thick and thin and then effect the result and performance of the team. The study objects are the direct sellers in Taiwan and survey as questionnaire. Total 500 copies had been distributed and retrieved useful samples are 443copies. The effective rate of recovery is 72.23%. The major statistics analysis methods are Item Analysis, Internal Consistency, Descripive Statistics and Hierarchical Multiple. The study results are below: 1. The organization leader in multiple level marketing has the ability of transactional leadership will effect the members positive to have the faithful emotion to coexist altogether with honor. That could be inferred that transactional leadership has the behavior of individual care, intelligent inspirer, excitement and encouragement to let the members feel respected, cared and satisfied with growth, so they identify with and depend on to the organization emotionally. 2. The leader adopts transactional leadership that will have the positive influence on the behavior and performance of the team members. The members could feel good of the active and praise because of the charm and behavior of the leader. 3. The level of the member's organization identity indeed results in the intermediary's influence, so it suggests that when the leader guides the vision, toward the common goal and mission, the leader should consider the topic of organization identity at the same time. In the other words, one of the important success factors to develop the organization is to increase group cohesiveness, make the member to sense oneself and other members in the organization have common values, topic and benefit and bring the deep belonging.


ABSTRACT Over time, Germany's stance towards the Israeli occupation settlement construction has become more critical. This article will show that one reason for this shift lies in a widening gap between German public opinion and government policies. Accordingly, while the German population has become more critical towards the occupation over time, the German government has only responded to this trend with certain delay. At the same time, however, as a crucial historical context, Germany's stance towards the occupation can only be understood if contextualized with the German special relationship with Israel. As this contribution will point out, the German government follows an interrelated strategy of Europeanization and legalization, which enables Germany to follow a critical stance towards Israel without questioning this special relationship. In this context, the article will not only deal with the German position on Israeli settlements and labelling but also with the different positions on a boycott of settlement products, also pointing to the shrinking spaces for an endorsement of a boycott.


The invention relates to a packaging for pharmaceutical products comprising a first panel 30; four side walls 34, 35, 36, 37, each hinged to the first panel 30; a second panel 31 extending from a second side 88 of the fourth side wall 37 and hinged to the second side 88 by the third side 53; a fifth side wall 38 extending from the fourth side 54 of the second panel 31 and having a second side 89 by which it is hinged to the fourth side 54 of the second panel 31; and a third panel 32 extending from a second side 86 of the third side wall 36 and hinged to the second side 86 by the fourth side 64; the third panel 32 being provided with cutouts 65 each having a shape configured to surround at least partially a product.


The Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows(VRPTW) and its model were discussed,its chromosome representation and genetic operator for solving VRPTW were analyzed.In this paper,we regard the VRPTW as a multi-objective optimization problem,and represent a Genetic Algorithm solution using the Pareto ranking technique.Finally,a set of well-known Solomon's benchmark data were used to prove the effectiveness of the method.The results show that the solutions are competitive with the best known in the literature.


There are two multicore platforms that are currently concentrating an enormous attention due to their tremendous potential in terms of sustained performance: the Cell Broadband Engine (Cell BE from now on) and the NVIDIA Tesla computing solutions. The former is a recent heterogeneous chip-multiprocessor (CMP) architecture jointly developed by IBM, Sony and Toshiba to offer very high performance, especially on game and multimedia applications. In fact, it is the heart of the PlayStation 3. The latter are general-purpose GPUs (GPGPU) used as dataparallel computing devices based on the Computed Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) common to the latest NVIDIA GPUs. The common denominator is a multicore platform which provides an enormous potential performance benefit driven by a non-traditional programming model. In this paper we try to provide some insight into the peculiarities of both, as regards their cost, performance, programmability and limitations, in order to target scientific computing.


It is common that "synchronists" claim that the book of Judges is a meaningful and coherent text. Some of them even describe it as a coherent narrative, that is, a narrative with a plot. They then draw the conclusion that these suggested patterns or structures so to speak "reinterpret" or "overnarrativize" the individual stories and motifs in these stories, which thereby are given both new functions and new meanings. However, there is a logical lapsus in this reasoning that relates to a theoretical issue: Given the relative autonomy of narratives and, as a consequence, their relative resistance to reworking, can such assumed effects be achieved, and how, if this were the case, can it be done? My conclusion, based on theoretical arguments and an analysis of the book of Judges, is that these stories and their motifs cannot be transformed in the way synchronic scholars suggest.


This paper proposes a method called "extended relaxation matching method (ERM)", which is an extension of the ordinary relaxation matching. It is shown that the dynamic programming matching can be characterized as a special case of the extended method.


Messenger RNAs were isolated from the petunia (Petunia hybrida L. ) flower buds and cDNAs were synthesized from reverse transcription. The petunia homeotic gene fbp2 was amplified by PCR usingcDNAs as templates. Sequence analysis indicated that the isolated fragment was composed of 686 bp and theregion flanked by two primers showing 99. 6% homology to the sequence reported by Angenent et al. theebases changed, and MADS domain was conserved. Using petunia flower homeotic gene fbp2 cDNA (yfbp2) astarget gene, the expression vector pBBP2 containing CaMV 355 promoter /yfbp2/nos terminator was constructed and was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefacicns strain LBA4404(pAL44404) by direct transformationmethod. Incubating the leaf explants of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. var. samsum) with LBA4404(pal4404) and selecting in the meditun containing 100 mg/L kanamycin, the regenerated resistant plantswere obtained. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting demonstrated that the target gene was integrat- ed into the genome of tobacco. The flowers of the transgenic tobacco were aberrant resulted in expression offbp2, with petal formed on the stamen.


As a new visual medium, prints appeared almost at the same time as printing industry and started gaining recognition in Croatia in the second half of the 15th century owing to the use of printed materials which provided the local craftsmen, painters and illuminators with the models to be copied. During the Renaissance, prints became fairly commonplace among the Croatian people, largely due to the illustrations found in religious books, especially those written in the Croatian language which were printed either in Venice or in one of the few local printing-houses (Senj, Rijeka, Nedelisce, Varaždin). Particularly strong at the time was the impact of the Venetian woodcuts found in a number of publications written in Glagolitic script and less frequently in those written in Cyrillic script or Latin. Judging by the works of Marko Marulic (who, contrary to a common belief, was not the author of the illustrations published in his epic poem Judita) to those of Dominko Zlataric, Venetian woodcuts exerted an important influence on the acceptance of prints along the Croatian Adriatic Coast during the 16th century. Prints frequently provided a source of inspiration for the local artists, thus making a significant contribution to the spreading of the Renaissance style within the intellectual context of Humanism. Around the middle of the 16th century, North-European prints became more widely available, primarily due to the publications of Croatian protestants from Urach near Tubingen. After giving an outline of the above-mentioned, largely passive acceptance of prints, the paper concludes with an emphasis on the creative contribution to the European history of printmaking by some "Schiavone" masters who were of Croatian origin but were active outside the boundaries of present-day Croatia. Those artists include Andrija Medulic (Andrea Meldolla Schiavone), Martin Rota Kolunic, Natale Bonifacio and Juraj Julije Klovic (Giorgio Giulio Clovio).


This paper proposes the classification of three mean woven textile fabrics. The classifier is based on the texture analysis of woven fabric images for the recognition.


Based on the importance of how to better service for the readers of the standardized management work of Library Chinese periodical warehouse,the author thinks that Chinese Journal of treasury management in library is a multitude of work,including the management of periodicals,bent out of storage management and safety and health management of three parts,they are organic.Together.The author analyzed the current library Chinese periodical warehouse used shelving method,introduced the principle,method and working method of Periodical Shelf,a detailed description of the periodical management work content,shows the importance of periodical safety and health management.


The invention relates to a lighting device for a motor vehicle having an optical waveguide structure which has a planar waveguide region having a first broad side and a second broad side equidistant to the first broad side and narrow sides forming the first broad side second wide side connect, wherein a second narrow side is adapted to parallelize from a first narrow side to the second narrow side incident light and to judge a third narrow side. The illumination device is characterized in that the second narrow side has a first parallelizing partial surface and a second parallel partial surface, wherein the second parallelizing partial surface is arranged staggered relative to the first parallelizing partial surface toward the interior of the planar optical fiber region.


• In sum, the writer has called attention to the changing, verbal fulcrum of educators and has voiced the opinion that such changes are an integral part of the ripening culture. This trend seems 'to be in the direction of greater emphasis upon the many and varied changes that occur within the individual as he is being constantly subjected to o~r social inheritance. This trend IS most salutary. omena as a means to improvthe happiness of man. • "In philosophy a new Idealism is being felt; in psydtelogy Gestalt is finding, increasing favor. Mental hygiene is increasing iB reepeet' beeause it, too, is concerned with the inner purposes and fftlittp of man. This shift in point ef view, it . seems: to the writer, is indicative of a ripening culture which sees the world's materialistic phenomena as a means to improve the happiness of man."


Polypropylene (PP)/nano-crystalline cellulose (NCC) composites and foams were produced through extrusion compounding combined with injection molding. From the samples produced, a complete morphological, physical, and mechanical analysis was performed to study the effect of NCC concentration (0–5wt %), foaming agent content (0 to 2wt %) and mold temperature (30°C and 80°C). NCC was very effective to reduce cell size (42–71%) and increase cell density (5–37 times) of the foams, while slightly increasing the overall density (2–7%). The results showed that NCC addition increased the specific tensile modulus (15–22%), specific tensile strength (1–14%) and specific flexural modulus (13–26%) of PP, but decreased specific impact strength (10–20%) and specific elongation at break (50–96%). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42845.


The paper is studied the effect of low temperature hygrothermal processing on sensory and biochemical semi squid and carp, after vacuum-packed in plastic bags. The study of these parameters is carried out on odor "MAG-8" with the methodology of "electronic nose". Authors found that in the resulting product is more preserved native acid, polar, nitrogen-containing compounds and reduced the content of compounds that are formed during traditional processing – ethers, arens.


Juvenile dermatomyositis is an uncommon autoimmune disease with classic heliotrope discoloration of the eyelids, erythematous skin rash of joints, and proximal muscle weakness. It is most frequently sporadic and only rarely familial. We present juvenile dermatomyositis in a 5-year-old brother and a 3½-year-old sister; both are very responsive to corticosteroids. Familial dermatomyositis can occur in different family members, and even dermatomyositis and polymyositis can coexist in the same family. (J Child Neurol 2002;17:540-542).


In creating a special character of presentation that distinguishes an epic work from samples of other folklore genres and provides an aesthetic function as the main one, a specific epic style is important. With all other discrepancies, it is characteristic of both the poetic texts of the epic and the prose narrative. For the heroic epic, a special style is not only characteristic, but to a large extent is one of its attributes.


In the underwater mine warfare context, change detection is a principle consisting in comparing a newly sensed seabed area, usually by means of a side scan sonar, to another one that has potentially been sensed several months or years ago. In this paper, we propose an approach to simultaneously register (i.e geometrically align) the reference and the repeated data while detecting new and missing objects between both datasets acquisition. This method is first evaluated on data provided by a simulator based on a model of navigation uncertainty as well as on error sources due to the imaging sonar, in order to assess its robustness against different parameters. We also provide results on datasets acquired at sea and demonstrate its efficiency to solve the change detection problem.


Pilot studies were conducted with an anoxic/aerobic concept membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology and a hollow fiber Petro ® MBR system with capacity of 12 m 3 /d was operated continuously (24-hour) during the study. Trials on different membrane fluxes were conducted to obtain the sustainable flux while mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) was maintained at 9-11 g/L. The results of the MBR pilot trials showed that no obvious fouling of the membrane was found when the plant was operated at the flux of 12 L /m 2 /h (LMH) over 3 months and 15 LMH over one month during the pilot study. Design guidelines such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), sludge retention time (SRT), anoxic and aera- tion volume ratio, re-circulation flow rate and air scouring were obtained for a full-scale plant. It was concluded that treatment of wastewater from an ethylene plant without addition of any chemicals using MBR technology is feasible. The product quality consistently met the requirement for discharge and was suitable for the feed of further reverse osmosis (RO) post-treatment.


Dr. G. S. Chopra. Deputy Assistant Director-General (Medical Stores), Medical Store Depot, Madras, was granted earned leave for 38 days from the 17th June to the 24th July, 1949, half-pay leave for 40 days from the 25th July to the 2nd September, 1949, and extraordinary leave for 14 days from the 3rd to the 16th September, 1949, with permission to suffix holidays on the 17th and 18th September. 1949. to his leave on account of penultimate Saturday and Sunday respectively during which period the Depot remained closed.


The Project is about multigenerational fans of Australian football. The artefact is a memoir focussed upon a family that has followed the Collingwood Football Club over five generations. It involves humour, self-insights, and visual and verbal ethnography. It is a family archive of narratives with an Australian narrator's voice. The academic framework is an exegesis that identifies and addresses a gap in the literature about women football fans with a commitment to a football club. The two elements add significantly to new scholarship about narrative discourse, autoethnography and social identity as applied to football fandom and family narratives about it.


HIV-related stigma and discrimination (S&D) in healthcare settings represents a potent barrier to achieving global aims to end the HIV epidemic, particularly in Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Thailand and Vietnam). Evidence-based approaches for measuring and reducing S&D in healthcare settings exist, but their incorporation into routine practice remains limited, in part due to a lack of attention to how unique organisational practices—beyond the knowledge and attitudes of individuals—may abet and reinforce S&D. Application of a quality improvement (QI) approach in which facilities leverage routine measurement of S&D among healthcare workers and people living with HIV, team-based learning, root cause analysis, and tests of change offers a novel means through which to address S&D in local contexts and develop interventions to address individual-level and organisation-level drivers of S&D. To support the adoption of a QI approach to S&D reduction, the Southeast Asia Stigma Reduction QI Learning Network was launched with Ministries of Health from Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam, to co-develop strategies for implementing QI activities in participating facilities. Since the inception of Network activities in 2017, Ministry-led QI activities to address S&D have been implemented in 83 facilities and 29 provinces across participating countries. Moreover, 27 strategies and interventions have been tested to date and are being evaluated for scale up by participating facilities, spanning multiple drivers and organisational domains. Lessons learned through Network activities offer national-level and facility-level HIV programmes best practices for implementing a QI approach to S&D reduction.


Experimental observation of increasing absorption optical bistability in polyory-stalline ZnSe with high absorption is reported. We found that the bistability still can be obtained when the absorption of nonlinear medium is much higher than the theoretical criterion. The dependences of switching powers on the spot radius of beam and the thickness of sample have been measured. Using the model of two imaginary-layers, experimental results are qualitatively explained.


Process for manufacturing lightweight way slabs and equipment necessary for this purpose. # Procedure done simultaneously with the manufacturing process of one-way slabs on a track and on the fresh concrete in which once formed the forged proceeds to make openings on the veins of the slabs using a drilling assembly which has means to be movable along a longitudinal motion (5) parallel the veins (2) of the slab (1) and a transverse movement (6 ) forward and backward with respect to the veins of the slab. The drilling assembly has a cutting units (8) which can rotate and having therein a movable piston (8.3) responsible for carrying out the expulsion of the stored concrete inside the cylinder of the cutting units. Thanks to the openings are made with fresh concrete it allows them to more easily and enables the reuse of concrete removed the veins.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of bacterial infections of the hand,foot and mouth disease pathogens and situation of the antibiotic resistance.METHODS A total of 32 children with severe HFMD and bacterial infections from Jan 2009 to December 2011 admitted to the ICU were chosen as the research objects.The pathogen distribution and antibiotic resistance were taken for investigation.RESULTS There were 64 specimens in the 32 patients of submission,and 34 strains of pathogens were detected,including Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,accounting for 41.18%,23.53% and 17.65%,the proportion of E.coli was significantly higher than that of the other pathogens.The three antibiotics with the highest drug resistance rates were cefotaxime sodium(75.00%~83.33%),cefepime(62.50%~71.43),and ceftazidime(62.50%~66.67%),the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).CONCLUSION The distribution and drug resistance of the the pathogens causing bacterial infections with the hand,foot and mouth diseases have their own characteristics,which should be attached great importance.


A rigorous semi-analytical method to compute the scattered fields off a zero-thickness cylindrical metasurface (MS) is presented, which is described using complete tensorial surface susceptibilities, including both tangential and normal components. Exploiting the angular periodicities of the susceptibilities and the scattered fields in the Generalized Sheet Transition Conditions (GSTC), the scattered fields can be efficiently computed. Two examples of a purely reflective cylinder and a finite-sized arc are shown to demonstrate the proposed method.


 Evaluate if cleaning may lead to response recovery The use of inexpensive sensors to assess airborne concentrations of particulate matter (PM) in the workplace has become more popular due to their ability to rapidly provide data over potentially broader areas and time periods when compared to traditional devices. Little is known about how these sensors respond after being used in environments with high PM concentrations.


The rotary device is designed on CMZY1-100/20 type drill loader, the device can realize switch mechanical position of gathering unit and drill unit, so avoid mis-operation of gathering and drilling conditions, to solve the drill loader operation interference problem.the device use a gear rack and place turn hydraulic cylinder rotary torque, the gear rack is chosen by calculating, and introduced the structure design and working principle of the rotary device, through the practical application results of the prototype to see, it makes the design requirements completely.


Oil shale is an important unconventional oil and gas resource, but it is poorly utilized in the Dalianhe coal mining area, northeastern China. Systematic sampling and test analysis were used to evaluate the characteristics of oil shale quality. The research shows that the oil shale between the middle and lower coal seams in the coal-bearing member is a rich ore with a high oil content, medium calorific value, high ash content, medium volatile content, low moisture, and ultralow sulfur content. The oil shale has good quality and is suitable for low-temperature carbonization for oil refining or low-calorific fuel. The ash content is silicon–aluminum-rich, has low calcium–magnesium, is iron-poor, and has a high ash melting point. The middle oil shale member is a poor ore with low quality. However, there is a dense section of oil shale with a high organic matter content and good quality above the upper coal seam. It is recommended to implement combined mining of coal and oil shale in the mineshaft and to reasonably recover oil shale between the coal seams and oil shale above the upper coal seam to improve the resource utilization rate.


1. Introduction 2. Understanding the dynamics of river environments 3. Traditional river engineering approaches to river management 4. Consequences of traditional river engineering 5. Revised approaches to river engineering 6. Managing river environments into the future Appendices Bibliography Index


Fourteen guidelines are described which are intended to produce calibrated groundwater models likely to represent the associated real systems more accurately than typically used methods. The 14 guidelines are discussed in the context of the calibration of a regional groundwater flow model of the Death Valley region in the southwestern United States. This groundwater flow system contains two sites of national significance from which the subsurface transport of contaminants could be or is of concern: Yucca Mountain, which is the potential site of the United States high-level nuclear-waste disposal; and the Nevada Test Site, which contains a number of underground nuclear-testing locations. This application of the guidelines demonstrates how they may be used for model calibration and evaluation, and also to direct further model development and data collection.


• P1451.99 IoT Harmonization • IEEE 1451.001–2017 Signal Treatment. 2) Industrial-automation standards, including: • P2660.1 Recommended Practices on Industrial Agents • P2668 Standard for the Maturity Index of the IoT: Evaluation, Grading, and Ranking • P2805 Standards for Protocols for Edge Computing Nodes. 3) Prestandards demonstration platforms: • miniaturized solar-powered sensors • smart battery gauges. The demonstration platforms included discussions that covered solar-powered sensors, with input from members of the IEEE 1451 sensor standards community and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); possible collaboration between the IEEE P1451.1.6 MQ Telemetry Transport Services WG and P2805 Edge Computing Nodes WG (Figure 1); and developing the P1451.002 standard on low-power transducer interfaces and energy harvesting (Figure 2). INTEROP provided standards WG members an opportunity to meet face-to-face (Figure 3) and for FAREDGE development teams to make their presentations. The participants represented IES members and other professionals from the United States, Germany, Austria, Portugal, China, Sweden, Argentina, Hong Kong, and Japan. The Standards Committee looks forward to presenting the next INTEROP edition at IECON 2020 in October. It gratefully acknowledges the support and advice from program advisors Prof. Roberto Oboe (IES vice president of technical activities), Dr. Troy Nagle (IEEE past president and IEEE Sensor Council past president), and Kang Lee (IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society TC-9 technical chair for IEEE 1451 Standards).


Pollen‐based quantitative estimates of seasonal precipitation from Lake Pergusa and lake‐level data from Lake Preola in Sicily (southern Italy) allow three successive periods to be distinguished within the Holocene: an early Holocene period before ca. 9800 cal a BP with rather dry climate conditions in winter and summer, a mid‐Holocene period between ca. 9800 and 4500 cal a BP with maximum winter and summer wetness, and a late Holocene period after 4500 cal a BP with declining winter and summer wetness. This evolution observed in the south‐central Mediterranean shows strong similarities to that recognized in the eastern Mediterranean. But, it contrasts with that reconstructed in north‐central Italy, where the mid‐Holocene appears to be characterized by a winter (summer) precipitation maximum (minimum), while the late Holocene coincided with a decrease (increase) in winter (summer) precipitation. Maximum precipitation at ca. 10 000–4500 cal a BP may have resulted from (i) increased local convection in response to a Holocene insolation maximum at 10 000 cal a BP and then (ii) the gradual weakening of the Hadley cell activity, which allowed the winter rainy westerlies to reach the Mediterranean area more frequently. After 4500 cal a BP, changes in precipitation seasonality may reflect non‐linear responses to orbitally driven insolation decrease in addition to seasonal and inter‐hemispheric changes of insolation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A novel slotted microstrip patch antenna (MSA) is designed using FR4 epoxy dielectric substrate with coaxial feeing. A comparative analysis of slotted antennas with coaxial feeding is performed using various dielectric substrates, and the same antenna is then designed by modifying the coaxial feed's co-ordinates to validate the influence on antenna performance. At the desired frequency, it can be demonstrated that FR4 epoxy offers the suitable impedance matching and bandwidth. The operational frequency response(s) of the antenna are 6, 8.2, 10, and 12 GHz, and the dielectric substrate material used in construction is FR4 epoxy. The maximum reflection coefficient obtained is −19.9 dB at 5.9 GHz resonating frequency and achieved gain of 5.5 dBi. The antenna is intended for use in wireless communication systems.


The Institution state-county leading troops is on a main military organiztional form during later Dong Han dynasty and the Three Kingdom period.The source of this system creation is a self-sufficient feudalism landlord economy, it is the reflect of the Three Kingdoms to set up separatist regime to involve three parts the situation on the local political power of reflect, is also request for landlord influence in the politics, military power .


The first investigator to cultivate transplantable mammalian tumors in the membranes of chick embryos was Murphy,' using mouse and rat tumors. Stevenson 2 cultivated 3 mouse tumors, 2 rat tumors and i guinea pig tumor in chick membranes. The recent work 3 on the use of the chorio-allantoic membrane of the chick for the growth of viruses suggested a renewed study of the growth of tumors in this medium. This paper presents a comparative histological study of tumors grown in their native host and in the chorio-allantoic membrane. The tumors studied were the Walker rat tumor 256, the R 39 rat sarcoma and the Brown-Pearce rabbit laboratory


A novel compact dual-band bandpass fllter using tri- section stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) is presented for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). SIRs and one stub between parallel couple line are employed to realize two satisfactory passbands. Meanwhile, one transmission zero is generated between the two passbands to achieve a high out-of-band rejection. Simulated results show that two central frequencies are located at desired 2.4 and 5.2GHz with 3dB fractional bandwidths of 6.3% and 3.4% respectively. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.


Direct detection experiments place some of the strongest constraints on the interactions of dark matter and promise unique opportunities for the discovery of a dark matter signal. The public software tool DDCalc has been developed to make this wealth of data available for reinterpretation in a wide range of dark matter models and perform calculations fast enough for the use in large-scale parameter scans. DDCalc calculates predicted event rates for a given model of dark matter and its astrophysical distribution and then determines experimental likelihoods and exclusion limits from a large database of direct detection experiments. This talk summarizes the main features of the code, some recent developments and plans for the future.


ICP spectrometry was used to analyse the content of heavy metals in 23 samples of cotton of various origins which had been processed in the Polish domestic industry. Furthermore, the content of pesticides and pentachlorophenol (PCP) in 20 samples of cotton of various origins was determined by means of the high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC). Changes in hazardous substances in cotton after mechanical and chemical treatment during the production of cotton bed-cloth, starting from the raw materials in bales and ending with the finished product were monitored. The content of heavy metals extracted by means of artificial acid sweat, as well as of pesticides and PCP in the finished bed-cloth, was compared with the criteria of the 100 OKO TEX Standard. It was confirmed that the level of heavy metal and pesticide content in raw cotton samples and in the cotton bed-cloth after mechanical treatment (spinning, weaving) posed no serious risk to obtain products which met the human-ecological criteria defined by the 100 OKO TEX Standard. A much greater danger may be observed in the dyeing and printing processes, in which the contamination of dyestuffs and auxiliary materials increased the heavy metal content to a very great extent, exceeding the permitted values several times. On the other hand, the results confirmed that the heavy metals, pesticides and PCP amounts extracted from the finished textiles by artificial acid sweat did not exceed the permissible values allowed by the aforementioned criteria for textile products used in direct contact with the human body.


This paper studies games where multiple principals compete by simultaneously offering mechanisms to multiple agents in both one-shot and repeated settings. There are no exogenous restrictions on the complexity of mechanisms. We offer two types of results. First, we show when and how the lower bounds of equilibrium payoffs can be simplified and expressed in terms of model primitives such as actions and direct mechanisms. Second, we show how the repeated game makes it possible to support payoffs above a minmax value using tractable mechanisms akin to direct mechanisms: specifically, on path each agent reports only her type; following a deviation by a principal, she also reports the action that she predicts will be taken by the deviating principal absent deviations by agents. Thus simple equilibrium mechanisms can be constructed to support payoff points in the repeated game. ∗Some of the material on the repeated game of incomplete information in this paper was formerly contained in a paper titled "Repeated Contracting in Decentralised Markets." We are indebted to Mike Peters for his insightful comments. We thank the seminar audience at University of Toronto; Korea University; and the 2016 Asian Meeting of Econometric Society in Kyoto, Japan. Han gratefully acknowledges the financial support from SSHRC of Canada. All errors are ours alone.


In Peru, management activity can be clearly differentiated into two dimensions, public and private, especially defined by the way financial, human, infrastructure, etc. resources are managed. Each of these dimensions pursues in some way the effectiveness and efficiency in the institutional management of these resources, through techniques, procedures, policies, development of strategic plans, which support the achievement of the objectives. A clear difference is that the private company, through the management of its resources, seeks to obtain profits for the benefit of the members involved in such management, while public management seeks, through the management of the resources of the state itself, the public good, offering services to citizens to improve their quality of life, economic and social development that supports individual development and that of the city. In this paper we propose a method to evaluate municipal management programs, through the implementation of scorecards, the results show that the efficiency in decision making has been improved by using these computer tools for the benefit of public management.


We study impact of credits issued in non-consumable money and state of default of a firm in one period economy. Nonconsumable means that money left after a trade has no intrinsic value (deliver zero utility), but a non-payed monetary debt supplies disutility for a borrower. Financial performance of a borrowing firm is measured in terms of Tobins-Q, a ratio of cash inflow from sales over labor costs. A firm is run by an entrepreneur, who values consumption and self-respect in terms of time of a worker. This means that we reject the view that an entrepreneur maximizes a cash flow measured in non-consumable money, and substitute it with a managerial view of an entrepreneur. A worker has a trade-off between leisure and labor, as in Becker, (1968). In other details we follow the framework of Shubik, Wilson, (1977). They suggested to use a punishment for default to regulate demand for credits, and in this way, introduced a default as an equilibrium phenomenon within a Walrasian economy. The resulting model has 4 regimes, able to study interactions between real (production and consumption) and financial (operations with non-consumable assets) markets, left away in neo-classical economic paradigm. One period consideration of money as nonconsumable item differs from those exploited in most traditional macroeconomic approaches. In this work we concentrate only on the case, when a loose credit discipline, measured in terms of a punishment for default, results in over-borrowing of competitive firm and labor and their possible defaults. In this case of our model the Tobin's-Q deviates from the classical unit benchmark, and starts depending on a punishment for default. A spill-over of default of a borrower to a creditor becomes a possible outcome. We present numerical simulations. The model has the implications for the currently developing global economic crisis, realizing as interactions between real (consumption and production) and financial (savings and over-borrowing) sides of many economies. SIMULATION OF A FIRM'S DEFAULT IN AN ECONOMY WITH NON-CONSUMABLE MONEY3


Abstract AvaI andBsoBI restrictionendonucleasesareisoschizomers which recognize the symmetric sequence5@CYCGRG3@ and cleave between the first C and sec-ond Y to generate a four-base 5@ extension. The AvaIrestriction endonuclease gene (avaIR) and methylasegene (avaIM) were cloned into Escherichia coli bythe methylase selection method. The BsoBI restric-tion endonuclease gene (bsoBIR) and part of theBsoBI methylase gene (bsoBIM) were cloned by the''endo-blue'' method (SOS induction assay), and theremainder of bsoBIM was cloned by inverse PCR. Thenucleotide sequences of the two restriction-modifica-tion (RM) systems were determined. Comparisons ofthepredicted aminoacid sequencesindicatedthatAvaIand BsoBI endonucleases share 55% identity, whereasthe two methylases share 41% identity. Although thetwo systems show similarity in protein sequence, theirgene organization di§ers. The avaIM gene precedesavaIRintheAvaI RMsystem,whilethebsoBIRgeneislocated upstream of bsoBIM in the BsoBI RM system.Both AvaI and BsoBI methylases contain motifs con-served among the N4 cytosine methylases.Key words Restriction enzyme · Methylase selection ·Endo-blue method · N4 methylase · Inverse PCRIntroductionRestriction enzymes are indispensable tools for cre-atingrecombinant DNA moleculesin geneticengineer-ing. A large number of restriction-modification (RM)systems have been cloned and sequenced (Bickle andKruger 1993; Noyer-Weidner and Trautner 1993;


In this work, we implemented and compared two different methods to impose the rigid‐body motion constraint on a solid particle moving inside a fluid. We consider a fictitious domain method to easily manage the particle motion. As the solid as well as the fluid inertia are neglected, the particle can be discretized through its boundary only. The rigid‐body motion is imposed via Lagrange multipliers on the boundary. In the first method, such constraints are imposed in discrete points on the boundary (collocation), whereas in the second the constraint is imposed in a weak way on elements dividing the particle surface.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between Perfectionism, physical self-description, Intention to Continue Dancing in arts high school students. The subject was a population of 350 arts high school students during the period of time June 24, 2015 to July 29, 2015. The data on 287 students were used for actual analyses and data were processed with SPSS 18.0 for Window. The results of the analysis were as follows: First, Perfectionism had positive effects on physical self-description. Second, physical self-description had positive effects on Intention to continue dancing. Third, Perfectionism had positive effects on Intention to continue dancing.


The market determines the relationship between social needs and unbridled consumption. With the current exacerbation of consumption, discard, treatment and the disposal of solid waste have been regarded as some of the major problems to be solved by the government. Historically, most municipalities still intended the dumps its waste in the open, despite the imposition of the National Solid Waste Policy - NSWP (Law No. 12,305 / 2010), which ordered the closure of municipal landfills by 2014. In this context, the informal recycling market plays an important role, although not officially recognized, the management system of solid waste, with the main route through which most of the recyclable processed in the country. The recycling market is composed of a small chain formed by the scavenger, middleman (scrap dealer) and recycling industry. The collect in garbage dumps and in the streets are the main source of materials and required the establishment of income collector. With the closure of landfills, the collectors will have to adapt to a new way of picking work in the streets, where the distances increase greatly. The closing of two ancient and important dumps the Metropolitan Region of Recife (RMR), the dumps of Aguazinha (Olinda) and Muribeca (Jaboatao dos Guararapes) modified the routine a number close to 2000 collectors, affecting an entire production chain. Thus, this study aims to portray the trajectory of the informal recycling market, after the closing of these dumps, through the execution of structured interviews and semistructured interviews with the components actors in this market. This is a "case study", with the peculiarity of the cases are multiple. Were described and analyzed the current situation of the collector of recyclable market behavior, focusing on the flow of recyclable before and after the closure of dumps and the actions of government for the integration of this market in the routine management of solid waste, in compliance with NSWP. With the obtained results it can be stated that the male collectors are prevalent in street grooming. However, although females have higher levels of education, their income is lower. Regarding the operation of the recycling market, both collectors as the middleman and recycling industry stated that there was no significant change in the amount of processed recyclable after the closure of landfills. Possibly, the normal demand has been met by street collector and spontaneous formations.


We obtain short programs for calculating representatives of every conjugacy class of maximal subgroups of each of the sporadic simple groups of order less than 1014.


The Rayleigh-Taylor instability of a Newtonian viscous fluid overlying a Rivlin-Ericksen viscoelastic fluid is considered. Upon application of normal mode technique, the dispersion relation is obtained. As in both Newtonian viscous-viscous fluids the system is stable in the potentially stable case and unstable in the potentially unstable case, this holds for the present problem also. The behavior of growth rates with respect to kinematic viscosity and kinematic viscoelasticity parameters are examined numerically and it is found that both kinematic viscosity and kinematic viscoelasticity have stabilizing effect.


In this paper,based on the temperature predicted function deduced by HMO theory,the consistency specimens were selected from 40-group expanded uncertainty boiling point temperature literatures of homologous compounds about chain alkyl single fluorin,chlorine,bromine haloid.By choosing three parameters in the boiling point temperature predicted function,we obtained the maximum predicted error: 0.53 K,0.30 K,0.63 K and the maximum average absolute error: 0.31 K,0.18 K,0.30 K.


A device for processing and / or assembly of workpieces, in particular for small parts such as electrical switch (20), comprising a frame (2), with the frame arranged (2) processing and / or assembly stations (3, 4, 5, 6, 7 , 8, 9), with an endless, (over two deflection rollers 11, run 12) and to the machining and / or assembly stations (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) guided past the conveyor belt (13), wherein workpiece carrier (10) for receiving the workpieces on the conveyor belt (13) are coupled and by means of the conveyor belt (13) to the processing and / or assembly stations (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) are conveyed, characterized in that the conveyor belt (13) is continuously driven so that it rotates uniformly endless, that the conveyor belt (13) consists of a magnetizable material, that the workpiece carrier (10) to the conveyor belt by means of magnetic force (13) are coupled, and in that the workpiece carrier (10) by means of a Einspanneinricht ung (14) is so arrested that the continuously moving conveyor belt during the detent (13) slides along on the workpiece carrier (10), ...


* To whom correspondence should be addressed: Susan Charman, Centre for Drug 19 Candidate Optimisation, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, 20 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. Tel: +61 3 9903 9626; Fax: 21 +61 3 9903 9560; email: email@example.com 22 23 24 AC CE TE D Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/AAC.01033-07 AAC Accepts, published online ahead of print on 11 February 2008


Contextual advertisement is normally seen as an Information Retrieval problem, where the objective is to retrieve the most relevant ads given a target page. Geotargeting is a particularly interesting specialization of contextual advertising, where the objective is to target ads to audiences concentrated in well-defined areas. Currently, the most common approach involves targeting ads based on the physical location of the visitors, estimated through their IP address. However, there are many situations where it would be more interesting to target ads based on the geographic scope of the target pages, i.e., on the locations referred to in the textual contents of the pages. This work proposes the application of geographic information retrieval techniques to the problem of geotargeting. Specifically, the proposal presented in this work consists of a pipeline of processing stages, which involves (i) determining the geographic scopes of target pages, (ii) classifying target pages according to locational relevance, and (iii) retrieving relevant ads to the target page, using both its textual content and its geographic scope. Experimental results attest for the adequacy of the proposed methods in each of the individual processing stages. The main contribution of this work is to show that it is possible to decompose the geotargeting problem into three separate tasks, which can be independently studied and optimized. Techniques from the area of geographical information retrieval, when applied to each of the considered tasks, can effectively improve the performance of contextual advertisement systems.


Aim: HIV-infected patients risk coinfection with HBV and HCV. This study aimed to investigate molecular epidemiology of HBV and HCV coinfection in Iranian HIV-infected individuals. Materials & methods: In this cross-sectional study, serological markers of HBV and HCV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], hepatitis B e-antigen [HBeAg], hepatitis B e-antibody [HBeAb] and hepatitis B core antibody [HBcAb]) and anti-HCV antibodies [anti-HCV Abs] were tested in 198 Iranian HIV-infected patients. From plasma, HBV viral load was determined using COBAS TaqMan 48, and HCV-RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-nested PCR. Results: 85 out of 198 (42.9%) patients were anti-HCV Ab positive and 42/198 (21.2%) had detectable HCV-RNA. Eight (4.0%) had traceable HBV-DNA. All these patients were infected by HBV genotype D. 55 (27.8%) were HBcAb positive. Nine (4.4%) were HBsAg and anti-HCV Ab positive. Conclusion: None were HIV-RNA/HCV-RNA/HBV-DNA positive, 21.2% were HIV-RNA/HCV-RNA positive and 4.0% were HIV-RNA/HBV-DNA positive. Therefore, studies on diagnosing these infections in HIV-infected individuals may be valuable.


Fabrication and synthesis of helical nanoribbons have received increasing attention because of the broad applications of helical nanostructures in nano-elecromechanical/micro-electromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS), sensors, active materials, drug delivery, etc. In this paper, I study the mechanical principles used in designing strained helical nanoribbons, and propose the use of a full three-dimensional finite element method to simulate the coexistence of both left- and right-handed segments in the same strained nanoribbon. This work can both help understand the large deformation behaviours of such nanostructures and assist in the design of helical nanostructures for engineering applications.


Kant's third Critique, the Critique of Judgement, is regarded as one of the most influential books in the history of aesthetics. This book is designed as a reader's guide for students trying to work their way, step-by-step, through Kant's text. It is also a guide to the text-in-context in that it sets Kant's concepts, language and aims in the context of Kant's philosophy in general and the late eighteenth century. This is one of the first comprehensive introductions to Kant's Critique of Judgement. Not only does it include a detailed and full account of Kant's aesthetic theory (the beautiful, the sublime, genius and fine art), it incorporates an extended discussion of the 'Critique of Teleological Judgement', a treatment of Kant's overall conception of the text and its place in the wider critical system. Designed as an introduction, suitable for undergraduate and first--year postgraduate use, the book assumes no prior knowledge of Kant, or any other particular philosophy. As such, it could be used as an introduction to Kant in general from the point of view of the third Critique. Moreover, it stays with the historical Kant, avoiding 'updating' arguments that sound more like recent theories and including sections of the text that are sometimes neglected. In these ways, the book will be useful as a starting point for understanding Kant's relationship to the eighteenth century and his legacy throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The choice of text is the Pluhar translation in the Hackett edition. However, throughout, Douglas Burnham provides alternative translations of key terms and phrases, making the book independent of any particular translation of Kant's text. Features * A comprehensive and introductory level text * Useful for understanding Kant's critical system as a whole, and his historical influence * Includes: - translations of key words in brackets in the text - helpful summary boxes at the end of every section of every chapter - a glossary of key terms with definitions and alternative translations


The article analyses recent achievements and publications and shows that difficulties of explaining the nature of fuzziness and equivocation arise in socio-economic models that use the traditional paradigm of classical rationalism (computational, agent and econometric models). The accumulated collective experience of development of optimal models confirms prospectiveness of application of the fuzzy set approach in modelling the society. The article justifies the necessity of study of the nature of inconsistency in fuzzy knowledge bases both on the generalised ontology level and on pragmatic functional level of the logical inference. The article offers the method of search for logical and conceptual contradictions in the form of a combination of the abduction and modus ponens. It discusses the key issue of the proposed method: what properties should have the membership function of the secondary fuzzy set, which describes in fuzzy inference models such a resulting state of the object of management, which combines empirically incompatible properties with high probability. The degree of membership of the object of management in several incompatible classes with respect to the fuzzy output variable is the degree of fuzziness of the "Intersection of all results of the fuzzy inference of the set, applied at some input of rules, is an empty set" statement. The article describes an algorithm of assessment of the degree of consistency. It provides an example of the step-by-step detection of contradictions in statistical fuzzy knowledge bases at the pragmatic functional level of the logical output. The obtained results of testing in the form of sets of incompatible facts, output chains, sets of non-crossing intervals and computed degrees of inconsistency allow experts timely elimination of inadmissible contradictions and, at the same time, increase of quality of recommendations and assessment of fuzzy expert systems.


AN ultracentrifuge study of the action of papain on egg albumin was made in this laboratory [Svedberg & Eriksson, 1933; 1934], but with the centrifugal forces and methods of measurement then available it was not possible to separate effectively the digestion products obtained. It was therefore thought advisable to use the improved apparatus now in the laboratory to extend these observations. As the ultracentrifuge data still proved insufficient for definite conclusions measurements were also made by other physical methods. Experimental procedure. The egg albumin was prepared by S0rensen's method [S0rensen, 1917; S0rensen & Hoyrup, 1918]. It was crystallized three times, dissolved and dialysed against distilled water, and then electrodialysed. The solution was evaporated in vacuo over sulphuric acid and over phosphorus pentoxide, and stored in the dry state in the dark. The papain used was Merck's Papainotinum 1: 350. Its activity was tested according to directions given by Willstatter & Grassmann [1924] and found to give results comparable with theirs. The papain activation with HCN and the treatment of the digestion mixture of papain and egg albumin were carried out in the manner recommended by Willstatter & Grassmann [1924; 1926]. All digestion was done at 400 in acetate buffer of pH 5.0. The papain solution was in each case activated at 40° for 2 hours before it was added to the egg albumin. Two different sets of concentrations of digestion mixture and protein solution were used: (a) those used by Willstatter & Grassmann forpapain activation tests (only slight digestion occurred with these proportions so they were not used in later work), and (b) those concentrations used by Willstiitter & Grassmann in egg albumin digestion. These concentrations were as follows:


Introduction Physical activity reduces risk of non-communicable diseases. Physical activity prevalence is low due to barriers to physical activity. This study was conducted to translate the Barrier to Physical Activity (BPA) questionnaire into Malay and assess the reliability and validity of the translated version among nurses. Methods The Malay version of BPA was developed after translating the English version of BPA through back to back translation process. The Malay BPA was distributed among 306 volunteered nurses from 5 government hospitals in Selangor state. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha test and test – retest reliability was conducted to determine psychometric properties of BPA. Results Chronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.79 for perceived benefits items and 0.51 for perceived barrier items (overall was 0.73). The ICC was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-0.93) for test-retest testing after 7 days. Two factors components were yielded through exploratory factor analysis with eigenvalues of 3.9 and 2.0 respectively. Both the factors accounts for 31.4 % of the variance. Factor 1 included 14 items and explained 19.9% of the variance. Factor 2 consisted of 5 items and explained 11.5% of variance. CFA yielded two factor structures with acceptable goodness of fit indices [x2/df = 23.99; GFI = 0.82, SRMR = 0.09; PNFI = 0.49 and RMSEA = 0.10 (90%CI = 0.09-0.11)]. Conclusions The Malay version of BPA had demonstrated satisfactory level of validity and reliability to assess barriers to physical activity. Therefore, this questionnaire is valid in assessing barriers to physical activity among working population.


In a major blow to efforts to get lifesaving AIDS treatment to millions of people in the world's poorest countries, the World Health Organization has withdrawn three more generic drugs from its original list of seven approved AIDS medicines.

The move came after laboratory tests failed to prove these three drugs have the same chemical make up (or bioequivalence), as their patented equivalents. Two other generic AIDS drugs were removed from the list in June for the same reason.

The lack of bioequivalence means that these generic copies may not be as effective as the original patented equivalents.

WHO requires proof of bioequivalence for products that it recommends for serious conditions such as AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis.

Officials at WHO said that more stringent checks may now have to be introduced before such products are recommended in future.

Peter Graaff from WHO's AIDS medicines and diagnostics service, said that WHO was advising countries to suspend use of the drugs that had been removed from the "approved" list, but if they have no alternative, to weigh up continued use against the risks of interrupting treatment.

Mr Graaff noted that the drugs that had been removed from the list fulfilled all other requirements on quality, specifications for active ingredients, impurity profile, and manufacturing.

He warned that despite their suspension pending further laboratory tests, switching to other products that have not been registered in a country with a strict regulatory system could be more risky.

"Although we are not 100% sure yet whether these drugs are bioequivalent, at least we know they are of good quality and safe," Mr Graaff said.

Some generic AIDS drugs on the market have not passed WHO compliance tests, but WHO officials say they cannot publish a list of them for confidentiality reasons.

Procurement of cheap copies of patented drugs is central to global efforts to scale up treatment for millions of AIDS patients in developing countries who cannot afford antiretroviral drugs, which stabilise but cannot cure their chronic disease.

The removal of five of seven WHO recommended AIDS drugs is set to hamper these efforts and fuel highly vocal criticism by drug companies and their advocates that generic copies of their patented products are substandard.

Andre Zyl, a WHO pharmaceuticals expert, said that non-compliance in some aspect of generics pharmaceuticals production was not unique to generics, noting that problems have emerged with patented AIDS drugs in the past after they were licensed.

The three latest drugs to be removed from WHO's approved list are products of the Indian generics company Ranbaxy.

One is a "two in one" pill combining 150 mg lamivudine and 300 mg zidovudine. The other two are three in one pills, one combining 150 mg lamivudine, 30 mg stavudine, and 200 mg nevirapine, and the other combining 150 mg lamivudine, 40 mg stavudine, and 200 mg nevirapine.

The two AIDS drugs remaining on WHO's approved list are a two in one pill combining zidovudine and lamivudine and a three in one pill combining lamivudine, stavudine, and nevirapine. The three in one pill has been checked and found to fulfil bioequivalence. The two in one pill is undergoing checks but it has not been suspended.


Abstract : Technology transfer efforts conducted by the National Forest Service since 1972 provide the base for this work. Problem areas, as identified by the Forest Service, include an inability to acceptability institutionalize technology transfer processes throughout its system and a concomitant hesitancy for technology transfer processing to become an integral part of daily operations. The problems are examined, using an organization development approach, by applying a model which breaks down the Forest Service organization into several major subcomponents. The subcomponents comprising the model are: People, Structure, Technology, Communications, Tasks and Goals, and Environment. An analysis is then conducted to determine the measure of 'fit' among the various subcomponents in terms of their contribution to or hindrance of the technology transfer effort.


Differences in structure between egg constituent proteins influence their ability to interact, upon heating, in gel systems or to compete for space at the interface of oil droplets in oil/water (o/w) emulsions. Phase separation phenomena could be the rule in protein network systems where mixtures of egg yolk with egg white or other protein containing materials are employed. In emulsions, apolipoproteins of LDL micelles appear to play a dominant role in adsorption and interfacial membrane formation around the oil droplets. Yolk granular proteins also have the ability to contribute in the building of the adsorbed layer although their adsorption and stabilizing potential seem to depend on factors as such as NaCl content and pH and also on the extent of granular structure disorganization. Egg white and milk whey proteins are competitively displaced from emulsion oil interfaces by yolk lipoproteins due to the globular and rigid structure of the former. Casein proteins also appear to adsorb less effectively in the presence of yolk apolipoproteins in spite of their rather disorganized molecular structure.


Background and aim of the work: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness with high morbidity, and mortality, and high public health burden. Diabetes education should include some psychosocial factors such as patient's self-efficacy, which might have a significant effect on a patient's adherence to self-management practice. The aim of This study was to evaluate the effect of an educational program on knowledge, practice, and self-efficacy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Methods: A quasi experimental research design was used in this study. The study was conducted in diabetic outpatient clinics of Al-Ahrar Hospital. A purposive sample of 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study lasted from the beginning of March 2016 to the end of February 2017. Four tools were used for collection of data; 1 tool was diabetic patient's assessment and clinical data, 2 tool was diabetic patients' knowledge questionnaire, 3 tool was diabetic patients' self-reported practice, and 4 tool was diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: There were statistically significant improvements in patients' knowledge (p=0.000), self-reported practice (p=0.000), and self-efficacy (p=0.000) post-program implementation with slight decline in follow-up phase. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the educational program had a statistically significant effect on knowledge, practice, and self-efficacy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, promoting diabetic patients' personal motivation and self-efficacy could improve their practices, with subsequent positive effects on health outcomes and diabetes control. Therefore, the study recommended generalization of such educational program on all health care settings providing services to T2DM patients. The developed illustrated booklet should be available and distributed for each diabetic patient in all health care settings providing services for diabetic patients. A continuous assessment of diabetic patients' self efficacy should be integrated as a part of treatment plan by trained nurses.


A neural network model for predicting the vertical load-settlement behaviour of single piles is proposed in the paper. The proposed network model is a two level network. The primary network, taking the pile length, pile diameter, distribution of soils along the pile,and the physico-mechanical characteristics of soils at the side and the end of the pile as the input data, is to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of the single piles and the corresponding ultimate settlement.The secondary network is to take the input data and the output values of the primary network as its input data to further predict the settlement of the pile under various stages of loads. The accuracy of this model from practical computation is generally within 15% with a good stability, indicating that neural network model is slightly superior to the conventional empirical formula methods and the numerical methods.


Background: Pharmacology enables medical students with the art of rational prescriptions of drugs. Reforms in undergraduate teaching are the need of the hour. The purpose of the study was to assess the student's attitude, perception, and feedback on teaching-learning methodology. Students' feedback gives an idea to evaluate teaching methods. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on questionnaire. A total of 200 second-year medical students studying at Rangaraya medical college, Kakinada, were asked to fill up a pre-validated, predesigned questionnaire containing 17 questions. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis of data, and the results were expressed in percentage (%). Results: Out of 200 students, 188 filled the questionnaire, and results were analyzed. 98.43% wanted case-based learning; 96.34% wanted more of clinical pharmacology in the curriculum. 83.53% wanted group discussion. Difficulty level of understanding is CVS (67%), CNS (65%), ANS (59%). 44% preferred tutorials. Combined use of LCD + Blackboard (86.58) is ideal teaching method. 81.70% of students studied textbooks only. According to students, pharmacology teachers should make subject interesting (37%) and student-friendly (31%). The need for pharmacology orientation during the internship (68.29%). Conclusions: The study related to the perception and attitude of the students in learning pharmacology was positive and constructive. The students wish to learn more of clinical and practical oriented way with useful audio-visual aids, and should also be refreshed during internship. Implementation of the same would be helpful for better outcome of students.


Introduction: In chronic viral infections, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are crucial to sustain CD8 cytotoxic T cells in face of the persistence of viral antigens. Moreover, the usual Th1 profile that is associated with antiviral responses in acute infections is replaced by a Tfh profile [1]. Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease (SAD) with progressive destruction of exocrine glands. Viral infections have been proposed as etiological agents for pSS, but the connection between an abnormal Tfh-mediated antiviral response and pSS pathophysiology has not yet been established. Furthermore, as far as we know, the recently described T follicular cytotoxic cells (Tcf), also implicated in antiviral responses, have never been assessed in the context of pSS. Materials and methods: Five groups of patients were enrolled for this study: pSS patients classified according to the AECG criteria (n = 57), sicca syndrome patients with (n = 38) and without (n = 30) criteria for undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD), patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 20) and healthy controls (HC; n = 24). Peripheral blood samples from all patients and controls were analysed by 4-color flow cytometry, in a BD FACS Calibur. CD3, CD4, CXCR5, and CCR7 were used for the characterization of Tfh and Tcf cells. Tfh and Tfc were identified as the CXCR5 + CCR7- subset within CD4+ and CD4-(CD8+) T cells, respectively. The expression of IL-21 was also assessed in CD4 and CD8 T cells after cell stimulation with PMA + ionomycin. In the pSS group, EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) scale was used to classify patients according to the disease activity. Patients were further divided in two groups: pSS with ESSDAI <5 (low activity) and pSS with ESSDAI ≥5 (moderate to high activity). Normality of cell subset data was assessed using D'Agostino & Pearson omnibus normality test. Unpaired Student's t test with Welch's correction was applied to compare normal variables while Mann-Whitney test was used for non-normal variables (p < 0.05 considered for both tests). Results: No differences were observed in pSS patients when compared to all other groups regarding either Tfh and Tcf cells. Nevertheless, IL-21 secreting CD4 T cells were increased in pSS patients compared to: HC (p = 0.0267); sicca patients without UCTD (p = 0.0158); sicca patients with UCTD (p = 0.0456) and RA patients (p = 0.0455). Similarly, IL-21 secreting CD8 T cells were also increased in pSS patients (p = 0.029) compared to HC. No differences were found in Tfh cells and Tcf cells, nor in IL-21 expression by T cells comparing either RA or sicca patients to HC. Interestingly, in pSS patients, Tcf cells were positively correlated with ESSDAI scores, particularly in those patients with longer disease duration (r = 0.430; p = 0.029). Considering disease activity, pSS patients with ESSDAI ≥5 (n = 8) presented a significantly increased percentage of Tcf cells (p = 0.0103). No other correlations between ESSDAI scores and IL-21-secreting T cells were observed. Discussion and conclusions: The increase in cells secreting IL-21, the signature cytokine for follicular T cells, seems to be a feature of pSS, not observed in RA nor in sicca syndrome. On the other hand, our data suggest Tcf cells are related to the disease activity in pSS, eventually highlighting their implication in the disease. Future studies approaching follicular T cell subsets, relevant in both autoimmune and antiviral responses could bring new insights for the comprehension of autoimmune diseases such as pSS.


MAFCONS is an EC funded project that combines six partners with research activities in the North Sea. It is an applied ecology research project that wants to provide fisheries managers with a mathematical 'tool' to adopt a proactive ecosystem management approach. The relationship between fishing, as a disturbance, and the response of the benthic and fish communities, as the change in species diversity, needs to be clearly defined. For it the ecological 'Huston's Dynamic Equilibrium Model' will be tested. This model relates diversity simultaneous to productivity and disturbance. It expresses that a change in diversity caused by a change in disturbance is dependent on the level of productivity. The Huston model and the relevant variables were discussed and evaluated in different workshops. The main objective of this project is to provide a mathematical tool based on the Huston model, that allows to predict the consequences of fisheries management policies on species diversity. Data for diversity and productivity assessment within different ICES rectangles are collected by each partner. The first campaign of the Belgian and Dutch partners coincided with the yearly IBTS survey, executed by the Tridens. At 29 stations Van Veen grab and 2m beam trawl samples were taken. Since October the processing of data started and first benthic species diversity and productivity results are obtained. A second five week campaign is planned for August-September. The first testing of the model starts in February 2005.


Abstract Line broadening cross sections for the broadening of spectral lines by collisions with neutral hydrogen atoms have been tabulated by Anstee & O'Mara (1995), Barklem & O'Mara (1997) and Barklem, O'Mara & Ross (1998) for s–p, p–s, p–d, d–p, d–f and f–d transitions. To make these data more accessible to the end user, fortran code which interpolates in these tabulations has been prepared and placed on the World Wide Web. It should be easy to incorporate this code into existing spectrum synthesis programs or to use it in a stand-alone mode to compute line broadening cross sections for specific transitions. The use of the code is demonstrated by its application to two transitions of astrophysical interest.


This Phase I project was undertaken to assess the feasibility of implementing a particular diagnostic method for characterizing the crystallographic texture of high temperature superconductor (HTS) coated conductors on-line during their reel-to-reel continuous manufacture. Key factors in this technique were the use of an area detector to greatly reduce scan time, an x-ray mirror to enhance incident beam brightness, and an automation scheme for diffractometer control, tape motion control, and calculation and output of texture characterizations.


Mega city status for Karachi would be a hollow slogan if it does not attract investment", is the watch- word for the City District Government Karachi (CDGK). Municipality plays a crucial role in creating the image of a city. Unfortunately, due to bureaucratic culture of these organizations their efficiency and overall effectiveness remain below standard. However, whenever dynamic and sincere leaders take the rein of these organizations, prosperity trickles down to the masses. CDGK is one such model of the recent era, which has spread its wings and literally used a magic wand to transform the city of Karachi. Syed Mustafa Kamal as city nazim during a brief span of three years has been the motivating force in trap forming this semi-autonomous body into an effective and efficient organization. Besides his charismatic personality, Kamal's crystallized vision and his ability to obtain the cooperation from a bureaucratic body could be attributed to his success. Leaders, who are able to lead by personal example, communicate intensely and practice team-work will always motivate others. Political support and transpareng of budgets were also important factors that led to this _phenomenal progress. Keywords: Public sector, city government, Nazim, Annual Development Program, Tameer-e-Karachi, Union councils, municipality