Objective To study the substantia nigra(SN) ultrasonography findings in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD) and its influencing factors.Methods Fift-three PD patients served as a PD group and 53 individuals with their age and sex matched served as a control group.Their SN hyperechogenicity was measured by cranial real time color Doppler ultrasonography and graded. SN hyperechogenicity ratio was compared between the two groups and its influencing factors were analyzed.Results The SN hyperechogenicity ratio was significantly higher in PD group than in control group(P0.01).The area under ROC curve was 0.910±0.029 when the the SN hypere-chogenicity was used to diagnose PD.The severity,specificity and accuracy of SN hyperechogenicity were 85%,78%and 81%respectively when the SN hyperechogenicity was 0.20.Conclusion The SN hyperechogenicity detected by cranial real time color Doppler ultrasonography is the characteristic finding in PD patients.The ROC curve is of a rather good value for the diagnosis of PD with SN hyperechogenicity.Further study is needed on the SN hyperechogenicity detected by cranial real time color Doppler ultrasonography.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation between the physical and morphological characteristics of semen from Bos taurus taurus and Bos taurus indicus cattle, the age of the bull and semen collection periods. Observations were made on 42 bulls with ages ranging from 12 to 174 months in five classes: subspecies Bos taurus taurus - 12 to 36 months; 37 to 60 months, 61 to 84 months, 85 to 108 months and 109 to 138 months and subspecies Bos taurus indicus - 12 to 42 months; 43 to 72 months, 73 to 102 months, 103 to 132 months and 133 to 174 months, from 1993 to 1999. The analyzed characteristics were: semen volume, mass motility, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm vigor, abnormalities and acrosome integrity. The average of characteristics in each age class and collection month were used for the analysis process during the period from 1993 to 1999. The statistical multivariate techniques of clustering and principal components showed results that can help in selection of semen with better quality. The age classes 4 and 5 of Bos taurus indicus and the age class 5 of Bos taurus taurus were the most contrasting. For both subspecies, the wetter months showed the lowest semen quality. This result was more evident in Bos taurus taurus. The most contrasting semen characteristics were: sperm vigor, sperm motility, sperm concentration, acrosome integrity and tertiary abnormality.


The purpose of this retrospective study is to investigate the prevalence of dental caries in children age 0.5-12 years at Naresuan University Dental Hospital during 2017-2019, the variables associated with occurrence of those caries, and the frequency of treatments applied. A study was performed by collecting from each patient's record the total number of decayed, missing, or filled primary and permanent teeth; the types of clinical caries and the number of each type; treatment needs; and various factors that could potentially affect the development of caries. The research team was trained by the principle investigator, and data collection criteria were uniformly standardized. The relationships between the factors that could affect caries and the actual caries experience were statistical analyzed using the chi-square and odds ratio methods. The overall prevalence of dental caries among the 300 patients sampled was 95.33 % , so only 4.67 % of the patients had never had caries. The average dmft and DMFT were 8.49 and 0.74, respectively. The statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between the frequency of tooth brushing and the mean combined dmft+DMFT, with p = 0.003. Children who either brushed their teeth only once a day or did not brush at all had a higher mean combined dmft+DMFT value than children who brushed their teeth twice a day (OR = 4.738, 95% CI = 1.292-17.376). Other variables did not show any statistical relationship with the mean combined dmft+DMFT. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2020; 13(3): 1035-1040)


In this paper, we propose a simplifled particle probability hypothesis density (PHD) fllter and its hardware implementation for multiple-target tracking (MTT). In the proposed algorithm, the update step of particle PHD fllter is simplifled and the time-varying number of measurements is arranged in combination series/parallel mode. This may result in flxed hardware architecture and therefore present a convenient hardware implementation of particle PHD fllter. Simulation results indicate that for the MTT problems, this proposed simplifled algorithm shows similar performance with the standard particle PHD fllter but has faster processing rate. Experiment study shows that the proposed simplifled algorithm can be e-ciently implemented in hardware and can efiectively solve the MTT problems.


Efficient nitrogen fixation through a reactive plasma process attracts intense interest due to the environmental issues induced by the conventional Haber–Bosch method. In this work, we present a direct and simple fixation routine without any catalysts for nitrogen in open air using an atmospheric-pressure pin-to-solution plasma electrolytic system. Nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia as the nitrogen-derived chemicals in solution were analyzed as indicators under various discharge conditions to estimate the energy efficiency of this process. The results show that the nitrogen fixation process was much more efficient by the pin-positive discharge compared to the negative one. N chemicals preferred to be formed when the solution was of negative polarity. It was also found that, with the help of solution circulation, the energy efficiency was enhanced compared to that of static liquid. However, an inverse trend was observed with the increase of the discharge current. Further study by optical emission spectroscopy indicates the important roles of active N2* and water vapour and their derived species near the plasma–water interface in the fixation process.


Experience Senior Member of Technical Staff October 2009 to present • Design and develop network analysis tools and performance measurement tools for the mobility network, AT&T Lightspeed and DSL Internet Services networks. • Design and performance analysis for core data networks, factors and trends that drive network usage and network engineering principles. • Network engineering consulting for wireless system integration, field testing, and troubleshooting.


Unsaturated ketones (4 and 10) and epoxides (2–3 and 8–9) were the main products of biotransformation performed by means of Zoophthora (Neopandora) phyllobii. Enantiospecificity of both reactions leading to these compounds strongly depends on the distance of reacting fragment of molecule from the chiral center at C‐1′.


The Ordinary Least Square estimation and survey data are employed to quantify the influence of golf course features and location on incremental gross margins. The analysis distinguishes among three golf course ownership types, private, semi-private, and public, to implicitly account for different motives behind their operation and ability to compete. Results show that the age of the facility, location, number of rounds played, and the size of course influence revenues and the gross margin as a result of additional spending on maintaining the playing surface. Differences among the ownership types exist in the magnitude of effects. INTRODUCTION Golf is a major recreational activity and a rapidly growing business in the United States today. According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2007a), between 1980 and 2004, the number of golf players increased by 63.2% from 15 million to 24,479 million, and the number of golf courses increased from 12,846 in 1990 to 15,489 in 2000, or 20.6%. The number of golf courses as reported by the National Golf Foundation (NGF) (2005) continues to increase and reached 16,057 in 2004. Golf courses constitute a recreational use of land which offers an economically viable alternative to agricultural use. The Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) (2002) identifies turfgrass as a product of agriculture whose maintenance on golf courses also uses traditional agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals, irrigation water, and equipment. The demand for recreational facilities results from preference for leisure coupled with increasing income as suggested by Templeton et al. (2000). Crittenden (1995) notes that the golf industry understands that to remain competitive, a course must be well managed and marketed. Stephenson (2003) observes that with increased competition within the golf industry, it is important for golf course managers to identify factors which attract and retain their golfing clientele. Examining various aspects of golf course economics, Shmanske (1999) concludes that the demand for golf at a particular golf course is a function of the price, location, relevant population, and other characteristics including the level of maintenance of the golf course. Southwestern Economic Review 114 Golf course maintenance includes mowing, fertilizing and pest control in turfgrass, caring for trees and shrubbery, maintaining sand traps and equipment, among others. If maintenance is not undertaken daily, the condition of the course will suffer, risking the loss of clientele to other, presumably better maintained courses. Therefore, proper maintenance is expected to result in greater demand for golfing at a specific site. However, regular maintenance is associated with high expenditures, but the potential for profit remains if the marginal costs are less than the marginal revenues. All managers must deal with unavoidable issues of feasibility, which implies that a course generates sufficient cash to fund its operations, then earns and retains profits on an annual basis for growth and sustainability. Aterburn (1998) asserts that feasibility, profitability, and sustainability of operations constitute key indicators of business viability that apply to golf course facilities. The objective of this study is to quantify the link between factors that have a potential to directly or indirectly affect golf course revenues because they directly or indirectly influence turf maintenance costs and golf course financial performance. The examination of the effects of selected factors on the measure of financial performance provides an indication of the importance of auxiliary services offered by a golfing facility to the revenue potential as well as the common golf course characteristics such as the number of holes. To provide additional insights, this study distinguishes among three ownership types of golf courses, i.e., private, semi-private, and public. The importance of this distinction is relevant because various golf course characteristics and factors that influence the management of a facility may differ in their response to ownership type. It is plausible that a private corporation operating a golf course attaches a different importance to revenue generation than a tax-supported entity responsible to a group of elected officials. In this regard, McElyea and Krekorian (2006) assert that private operation of a private golf course is often more efficient than public operation, and generates extra savings ranging from $100,000 to $250,000. Reports by the NGF (2002) suggest that core golfers (those playing an average of 37 rounds of golf per year with a minimum of 8 rounds) tend to choose among three publicly accessible courses and may choose facilities of different ownership. Furthermore, Marchand (2006) notes that competition for golfers has greatly intensified between the three types of ownership, with some municipal courses luring golfers away from privately owned courses. To test the ownership relevance, three separate equations were estimated using sub-samples of data that account for an ownership type. An alternative model is estimated applying pooled data and the binary variables describing the ownership type. The study is based on the data collected from superintendents and managers of golf facilities in Georgia. The results from the study generate new knowledge about factors potentially responsible for the economic viability of a golfing facility. Specifically, superintendents and managers of golf courses gain insights about sector-wide performance and are able to review their operation's relative strengths and weaknesses. In the industry, the job performance of superintendents and managers is evaluated on the basis of the financial performance of each facility, yet the immediate interests of superintendents and managers are not identical. Superintendents are directly responsible for the course maintenance and struggle with the pressure to control maintenance costs, while assuring a high quality playing surface that influences the golfer loyalty. Managers are accountable for the performance of the whole enterprise, which may include other services besides golfing such as access to dining facilities or other types of recreation, e.g., a swimming pool. The relative role of various activities in creating additional costs and generating revenue helps Structural Determinants of Golf Course Profit: The Case of Golf Courses in Georgia 115 managers to allocate resources within the operated facility. Investors in real estate development gain knowledge useful in the calculation of expected returns prior to committing resources to invest in a golfing facility. The NGF (2005) reports that about one in five new golf courses is a part of a real estate development suggesting that development is an important part of many new facilities. How a real estate development is related to the economic performance of the whole facility is investigated in this study. Consultants and outreach personnel ascertain the contribution of various factors to the financial performance of the enterprise and are able to gauge their role in the process of improving the management of a facility. The importance of each factor affecting the marginal costs or revenues also helps to guide the research and outreach efforts. Finally, local governments, especially those investing in community golf courses, are able to better gauge the current and planned costs, while recognizing factors responsible for shaping the profitability. Public bodies considering a renovation, expansion, or construction of a golf course are able to compare the relative importance of different factors relevant for such undertakings. THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL The examination of the relationship between the golf course characteristics, including the ownership type, and a measure of financial performance is an empirical question that can be studied in the context of available data. A golfing facility's financial performance information is proprietary and not readily available. Data used in this study were collected through two surveys described in the next section. However, even the most thoroughly designed data gathering effort requires cooperation from management to share the relevant information and assumes that the desired data are easily obtained from the existing records and applied reporting system at each facility. The role of ownership on the economic performance of an enterprise has been well established. Communal ownership has been observed to experience greater incidence of mismanagement leading to X inefficiency. Such ownership kept costs high, while the concealed measure of profits hid the extent of waste. In the case of public ownership of golf courses, Gustafson (1999) and Gustafson and McLean (2002) observe that in some communities, there has been pressure to privatize such facilities due to the need or desire to lower government expenditures and find new revenue sources. Many members of the community viewed privatization of public service provision as a way to promote the competition and risk-taking constrained by the public sector preoccupation with strictly defined responsibilities and procedures. The "invisible hand" guided numerous course construction projects because the primary motives of the investors were anticipated returns. Mothes (1998) indicates that farmers across the U.S. have attempted to convert their operations into golf courses in expectations of returns higher than for agricultural production. This study primarily contends that differences in the magnitude and direction of marginal effects of the various explanatory variables across the ownership groups have important implications on the use of available private versus public funds. Although public golf courses dominated in Georgia in the past, the majority of newly constructed golf courses are private or semi-private facilities. The increased demand f


The effects of caging on the colonization and development of the fouling community in the upper Bonny estuary was studied. The experimental design was such that sets of wooden panels (20x20 cm) were screened with cages constructed with plastic netting while another set was left uncaged. Both sets of panels were submerged below low tide level and sampled fortnightly for seventy-four days. The species settling on the panels (as well as on the mesh of the cage) were identified and examined for percentage cover. Data obtained were subjected to Analyis of Variance or t-tests after arc-sine transformation. Faunal abundance was found to be significantly higher on the mesh of the cage than on the panels (p<0.001). Differences between the caged and uncaged panels were influenced by time as total cover was found to decline with time on the caged


The invention provides a preparation method of a nanocellulose composite polysulfone hollow fiber membrane. The preparation method comprises the steps that a membrane casting solution and a core solution are extruded through an annular spinning head of an immersion precipitated phase inversion spinning device at the same time to form a tubular liquid membrane, wherein the membrane casting solution comprises polysulfone, nanocellulose, polyethylene glycol and sulfonated polysulfone; the tubular liquid membrane passes through an air gap to enter a coagulating bath to be solidified, the tubular liquid membrane is placed in water to be soaked and cleaned, and the nanocellulose composite polysulfone hollow fiber membrane is obtained. The nanocellulose is used as a reinforcing agent and a hydrophilic modifying agent, and the mechanical strength and hydrophilism of the polysulfone membrane are improved; the polyethylene glycol is used as a dispersing agent for the nanocellulose and a hydrophilic modifying agent for the polysulfone membrane, the compatibility between the nanocellulose and polysulfone and the hydrophilism of the polysulfone membrane are improved, and therefore the prepared nanocellulose composite polysulfone hollow fiber membrane has the advantages of being high in strength and good in hydrophilism. In addition, the preparation method is simple in technology.


............................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Goals and objectives ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Background ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Vehicle detection systems ......................................................................................... 3 126.96.36.199 Non-intrusive detectors ...................................................................................... 3 184.108.40.206 Intrusive sensors ................................................................................................. 6 1.2.2 Vehicle classification ................................................................................................ 9 1.2.3 Loop detectors ......................................................................................................... 11 18.104.22.168 Loop detection principle .................................................................................. 12 188.8.131.52 Loop detector errors ......................................................................................... 14 1.2.4 Existing vehicle classification model ...................................................................... 15 1.2.5 Traffic flow theory .................................................................................................. 19 184.108.40.206 Free flow .......................................................................................................... 24 220.127.116.11 Synchronized flow ........................................................................................... 26 220.127.116.11 Stop-and-go flow .............................................................................................. 26 1.3 Problem statement .......................................................................................................... 28


Purpose: To report the results of surgical treatment of comminuted fractures of distal humerus and to identify factors that affect the results. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients who were treated with open reduction and internal fixation for comminuted fracture of distal humerus were enrolled. According to the AO classification, A2.3 was 1 case, A3.2, 2 cases, A3.3, 8 cases, B1.3, 1 case, B2.3, 1 case, C2.2, 5 cases, C2.3, 4 cases, C3.2, 3 cases and C3.3, 7 cases. As fixation technique, 17 cases were fixed by double plates, 4 cases by only K-wires, 4 cases by only screws, 3 cases by K-wires and screws and 4 cases by one plate and screws. The mean age at the time of the operation was 49 years(range, years). The mean follow-up period was 16 months(range, months). Results: At the last follow-up, the mean maximum flexion was and the mean loss of terminal extension was . The average Mayo elbow performance score was . Overall 29 cases(91%) showed good to excellent results. The mean range of motion of extraarticular and intraarticular fracture group was and , respectively. The average elbow score of both groups was and . Over 90% showed more than good results. 30 cases(94%) showed complete bony union but two cases, nonunion. One case of the nonunion cases underwent replating with bone graft as revision surgery and total elbow arthroplasty was performed in the other case. At the last follow-up, 27 patients(84.4%) showed subjective satisfaction. Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation with appropriate surgical technique for comminuted fractures of distal humerus showed good results, which were not affected by age at the time of operation, fixation methods and anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve. Transolecranon approach may be considered as good choice for intraarticular comminuted fractures of distal humerus.


For decades, Lennart Hansson was one of the foremost proŽ les in hypertension research. His clinical, research, teaching, editorial and written output within this Ž eld is truly phenomenal. After a short period of cancer disease, he passed away in the morning of November 08, 2002. Lennart Hansson was born in Landskrona in 1940, and attended college in Varberg before he embarked on his medical studies in Göteborg. He started his scientiŽ c career in Göteborg at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital by investigating the clinical and therapeutic effects of beta-blockers. By that time the modern therapeutic management of hypertension was just emerging with the introduction of the beta1-selective blockers, metoprolol and atenolol. He spent time with Stevo Julius in Ann Arbor doing hypertension research and returned to Europe well set to embark on his international hypertension research career. Lennart Hansson had a true organizational talent. He quickly gathered a group of ambitious young researchers around him in Göteborg, and introduced them into the clinical and scientiŽ c settings of hypertension management and research. For almost two decades he stayed in Göteborg where he served at the Departments of Medicine at Sahlgrenska and Östra Hospitals until 1993 when he moved to Uppsala as professor to continue his career in clinical hypertension research at the Department of Geriatrics. At that time it was still uncertain whether antihypertensive treatment was at all beneŽ cial to the elderly, and whether the ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists favourably in uenced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients compared to the traditional treatments, i.e. diuretics and beta-blockers. During some extraordinary creative years from the mid1990s until his death, he headed more major large outcome trials in hypertension than any other researcher. These major projects included STOP-1, STOP-2, HOT, CAPPP, NORDIL and SCOPE, and without doubt, the results achieved in these major trials formed the way in which we as physicians manage hypertensive patients today. It goes without saying for all of us who heard Lennart Hansson in scientiŽ c debates that he was a great advocate of optimising treatment regimens and risk reduction for hypertensive patients. Regarding hypertension management we often heard him say "the lower the better", a statement which he gladly debated at international symposia and meetings. This distinct standpoint in favour of optimal management of hypertensive patients also brought him critique and enemies. He was wrongfully and brutally targeted by the Swedish media at the end of the 1990s at the height of the "calcium antagonist controversy", where he was a strong defender of the therapeutic beneŽ ts and safety of the calcium antagonists, provided to millions of people worldwide. He strongly maintained his position over the years in numerous scientiŽ c papers and debates and turned out to be right in the end. This recognition came when the data from the several large calcium antagonist trials which he headed (STOP-2, HOT, NORDIL) and others (SYST-EUR, SYST-CHIN, INSIGHT) were published during the years 1998–2000. In addition to his scientiŽ c achievements, Lennart Hansson was also the founding father of the Swedish Society of Hypertension. He was also a cofounder of the European Society of Hypertension and early involved in the matters of the International Society of Hypertension. At different periods, he served as the president of all these BLOOD PRESSURE 2002; 11: 323±324


Design a nonlinear controller for second order nonlinear uncertain dynamical systems is the main challenge in this paper. This paper focuses on the design and analysis of a chattering free Mamdani's fuzzy-based tuning gradient descent optimal error-based fuzzy sliding mode controller for highly nonlinear dynamic six degrees of freedom robot manipulator, in presence of uncertainties. Conversely, pure sliding mode controller is used in many applications; it has two important drawbacks namely; chattering phenomenon and nonlinear equivalent dynamic formulation in uncertain dynamic parameter. In order to solve the uncertain nonlinear dynamic parameters, implement easily and avoid mathematical model base controller, Mamdani's performance/error-based fuzzy logic methodology with two inputs and one output and 49 rules is applied to pure sliding mode controller. Pure sliding mode controller and error-based fuzzy sliding mode controller have difficulty in handling unstructured model uncertainties. To solve this problem applied fuzzy-based tuning method to error-based fuzzy sliding mode controller for adjusting the sliding surface gain. Since the sliding surface gain is adjusted by gradient descent optimization method. Fuzzy-based tuning gradient descent optimal error-based fuzzy sliding mode controller is stable model-free controller which eliminates the chattering phenomenon without to use the boundary layer saturation function. Lyapunov stability is proved in fuzzy-based tuning gradient descent optimal fuzzy sliding mode controller based on switching (sign) function. This controller has acceptable performance in presence of uncertainty (e.g., overshoot=0%, rise time=0.8 second, steady state error = 1e-9 and RMS error=1.8e-12).


PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for controlling a goggle signal are provided to regenerate stably a three-dimensional image by delaying or generating a goggle signal according to a delay period of a digital monitor. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for controlling a goggle signal includes a goggle signal generator(38) and a delay unit(40). The goggle signal generator(38) is used for regenerating a three-dimensional image by converting a two-dimensional image displayed to one of an LCD panel, a plasma display panel, and an electro-luminescence device. The delay unit(40) receives the goggle signal and delays the goggle signal as much as a delay period of a synchronous signal in any one digital process of the LCD panel, the plasma display panel, and the electro-luminescence device.


New disciplines emerge almost imperceptibly and may become manifest before formal recognition. Over the last decade or so, family practice has been slowly acknowledged as an entity and finally admitted into the pantheon of specialties. Those physicians in the van of the movement have been perceptive, enthusiastic, and convincing. But evangelical gervor is not enough in the world of modern science; to establish a specialty it is necessary to identify a cogent segment of knowledge and to document the contents and limitations. The multifocal genesis of family practice has caused serious confusion in traditional circles and has resulted in some maligning of the concept. Much has been written about family practice, little has been published describing family practice. The overwhelming problem is to differentiate between the process and the content of this field. Dr. Snodgrass attempts to present what a family physician should know about all of medicine in 13


A workshop on autoreactive T-cell responses in NOD mice was held to optimize autoreactive T-cell detection methodologies. Using different proliferation assay protocols, 1 of the 11 participating laboratories detected spontaneous T-cell responses to GAD(524-543) and insulin(9-23) in their NOD mice. Two other laboratories were able to detect autoreactive responses when using enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of cytokines in culture supernatants, suggesting that these assays provided greater sensitivity. To address the divergent findings, a follow-up mini-workshop tested NOD mice from four different colonies side-by-side for T-cell proliferative responses to an expanded panel of autoantigens, using the protocol that had enabled detection of responses in the 1st International NOD Mouse T-Cell Workshop. Under these assay conditions, 16 of 16 NOD mice displayed proliferative responses to whole GAD65, 13 of 16 to GAD(524-543), 9 of 16 to GAD(217-236), 7 of 16 to insulin(9-23), and 5 of 16 to HSP277. Thus, spontaneous proliferative T-cell responses can be consistently detected to some -cell autoantigens and peptides thereof. Overall, the results suggest that more sensitive assays (e.g., ELISPOT, ELISA analysis of cytokines in supernatants, or tetramer staining) may be preferred for the detection of autoreactive T-cells. Diabetes 50:2459–2463, 2001 The results of the recent Human T-Cell Workshops demonstrated that significant problems exist in documenting T-cell responses to -cell autoantigens in humans (1). With this in mind, it was thought that by stepping back to the NOD mouse model, it would be possible to optimize protocols for detecting spontaneous autoreactive T-cell responses. The lessons learned could then be applied to the characterization of human autoreactive T-cells. Because the NOD mouse is an inbred strain, it should provide a consistent source of well-defined autoantigen-specific T-cell responses that laboratories throughout the world could use as a standard to assess the sensitivity of their T-cell characterization assays. However, contrary to the notion that NOD mice are immunologically uniform, different laboratories have reported wide variations in NOD mouse T-cell responses to different -cell antigens. Whereas some laboratories can detect autoreactive T-cells directly ex vivo, other laboratories find that -cell–reactive T-cells must be preexpanded, or cloned, to characterize them. Laboratories that can detect proliferative responses to whole -cell autoantigens directly ex vivo often do not detect responses to peptides that were identified as containing autoantigen target determinants in the NOD mice of another colony. It is unclear whether these differences arise from differences in the autoimmune pathology in NOD mice of different colonies or from technical aspects of the T-cell characterization procedures. Therefore, a NOD mouse T-cell workshop could also begin to address the basis for the observed variations in T-cell autoreactivity.


Discussed the relations among sketch elements in the parametric feature model system and divide them into six types. Expounded the representation of all elements of every type of dimension and the process of dimension. Finally, narrated the realization of sketch dimension in the parametric feature model system EB3D.


Abstract Objective: Topical adverse events caused by inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are suspected to be more common in females. Although gargling or mouth washing after inhalation is recommended as the gold standard for preventing adverse events due to ICS, the preventive effects of this method have not been confirmed in real-world studies. This study aimed to examine the association between gargling or mouth washing and the incidence of topical adverse symptoms in males and females in daily practice. Methods: We analyzed a subpopulation of participants in the Drug Event Monitoring (DEM) project of the Japan Pharmaceutical Association. An anonymous survey was performed in February 2010, to assess the self-perception of topical adverse symptoms during ICS use by conducting interviews of pharmacists using structured questionnaires. Results: A total of 412 males and 480 females were included. The patients used a dry-powder inhaler (DPI) (71.2%), pressurized meter-dose inhaler (pMDI) with (7.5%) or without (16.6%) a spacer or inhalation solution (4.7%) as the delivery device. Topical adverse symptoms occurring after previous prescriptions were reported by 41 (4.6%) subjects. The common symptoms were hoarseness, stomatitis and dry mouth (1.3%, 1.1% and 1.1%, respectively). In the multiple regression model, the presence of symptoms was found to be significantly associated with the absence of gargling or mouth washing after inhalation [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 3.75, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.33–10.59, p = 0.012]. When stratified by gender, the absence of gargling or mouth washing was identified to be a risk factor in females only (OR: 4.32, 95%CI: 1.11–16.87, p = 0.035) and not in males (OR: 3.26, 95%CI: 0.65–16.33, p = 0.151). Furthermore, the association between the absence of gargling or mouth washing and the incidence of topical adverse symptoms was significant in the patients using DPI (OR: 4.85, 95%CI: 1.66–14.14, p = 0.004), but not in those using the other devices. Conclusions: In this study, the absence of gargling or mouth washing after ICS use was associated with topical adverse symptoms, especially in females. To achieve good adherence to treatment and improve the quality of life, female patients with asthma should strictly practice the gargling or mouth washing method.


UK insurers have said that they may seek approval to use the results of genetic tests for cancer from next year. S�ren Holm believes there is no reason not to pass the results on to insurance companies, but Richard Ashcroft argues that the risks of disclosure justify privacy in most cases


Chronic overweight is characterized by significant elevations in abdominal fat as well as changes in the composition of fat free mass, particularly total body fluids and its interstitial compartment. The applied in the real restrictions placed by morbid obesity, as well as changes in body content from those of healthy weight, provide enormous hurdles to fat percentage assessment. This research concentrates on some of the research and practice challenges connected with using popular fat percentage measures, and it finds available evidence on suitable approaches for use in extremely obese people. There is already little scientific literature on which body composition measures may be utilised confidently in very obese people. A typical 3 model that combines readings of body mass by air - assisted plethysmography and total body liquid by bio-electrical impedance could provide metrics of percentage body fat in the extremely obese that are significant compared to a conventional, technically skilled 3 storage area prototype that requires infrastructure including such isotopic ratios mass spectrometry as well as important technological knowledge. This study focuses on a few fundamental issues that investigators and physicians confront when doing anthropometric studies on highly obese individuals. A 3 basic framework that is efficient and simple to implement shows potential for usage in this community. Nonetheless, more study on this and other suitable techniques of fat percentage measurement in a broad sample of extremely overweight adults is required. © 2023 Author(s).


Thank you very much for downloading dying and rising with christ the theology of paul the apostle. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this dying and rising with christ the theology of paul the apostle, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.


This paper is an exploratory research to identify the structural model suitable for the fashion brand attitude effect process of VMD structural elements. Under the circumstances of severe competitiveness in price-conscious casual brand, we intended to find measurement model of VMD effect to establish plausible brand specific VMD strategy. Since VMD is regarded as one of marketing stimuli like advertising. For the study, VMD structural elements were composed of controllable visual factors from store environment at the aspect of marketing strategy. As a result, the reciprocal mediation hypothesis model shows the best fit for the VMD stimuli. That is, under the cognition of interaction between VMD and attitude and brand attitude, strategy must be considered to strengthen the attitude relation between VMD and brand. The second fit model was the dual mediation model which was adopted from Petty and Cacioppo`s ELM. According to this, when you make use of VMD strategy, it is needed to consider both of affective and cognitive factors of VMD.


It's a case study of customer with hypertension and with no compliance to the treatment. It was objectified to facilitate his compliance to the treatment, specifying goals based on the King's Theory of Reaching Goals, to drift and implement nursing attendance to the customer. It took place six home visits, with health assessment, applying King's nursing process. It was worked the diagnose ineffective control of the therapeutic regime. They were defined as goals: 1. to take the medicines, 2. to walk 30 minutes by day, 3. to control the high blood pressure and 4. to lose a kilogram by month, until to stay six kilos in six months. The nursing interventions were: to identify factors that impede the control of the hypertension in the customer, to obtain relationship between his needs and viable services, to promote participation in groups of self-help and to promote participation of the family in the treatment. It took place weekly evolution for 23 days. The compliance was facilitated and was reached the goals of to take the medications and to walk 30 minutes by day, but the other goals haven't been still reached.


Occurring with the onset of puberty and ending with adulthood, adolescence is a critical time of development. Along with adolescent-typical increases in risk-taking/noveltyseeking and elevated social activity, drug and alcohol use also often begin in adolescence, with rates of alcohol dependence reaching their highest levels during late adolescence/ emerging adulthood. The excessive alcohol use associated with dependence has sometimes been associated with the emergence of strong habitual behavior toward the drug that overrides more cognitively based, goal-directed responding. The emergence of habitual behavior has been studied extensively in adults, but less so in adolescents. Consequently, the current study's primary focus was to examine age-related differences in the expression of goal-directed vs. habitual behavior in adolescent and adult SpragueDawley rats using operant conditioning. Each animal was trained to lever press to receive banana-flavored pellets on either a random interval (RI) or random ratio (RR) schedule that has been shown to promote habitual and goal-directed behaviors, respectively. Habit formation was indexed by continued operant responding following reward devaluation induced by sensory-specific satiety, whereas devaluation-precipitated response suppression reflected goal-directed behavior. Surprisingly, the results indicated that adolescent rats maintain goal-directed responding under the same circumstances where habitual behavior is observed in adult rats with the same amount of training.


There are two suction application techniques in laboratory testing of unsaturated soils: (1) the axis-translation technique in which pore-air pressure is elevated above atmospheric pressure and pore-water pressure is at an atmospheric or a small positive value to give a matric suction and (2) using salt solutions. Salt solutions can be used to control the relative humidity of the air surrounding the soil specimen in the vapor equilibrium technique or as an osmotic suction applied through a semipermeable membrane in the osmotic technique. The salt solution in the vapor equilibrium technique applies a total suction, whereas the salt solution in the osmotic technique induces a matric suction on the soil specimen. Unlike the axis-translation technique and vapor equilibrium technique, the osmotic technique does not require a sealed chamber, but it is not as popular as the axis-translation technique and vapor equilibrium technique because the commonly used poly(ethylene glycol) solution and cellulosic membrane are susceptible to degradation during long-duration tests. This paper investigates the osmotic technique using sodium chloride solutions and a reverse osmosis membrane in a conventional oedometer. The performance of the updated osmotic oedometer was evaluated using kaolin–bentonite specimens. A kaolin–bentonite specimen was first mechanically consolidated, and thereafter the water within the base of the oedometer was replaced with sodium chloride solution. The results show that osmotic technique causes the soil specimen to be compressed further. However, the measured matric suction of the soil specimen at equilibrium is less than the applied suction. The difference is attributed to the membrane resistance effect. The updated osmotic oedometer is attractive, as it eliminates the drawbacks of the previous osmotic oedometer, and it can theoretically apply matric suction as high as 5,000 kPa.


Abstract The removal of aerosol particles and vapors in gas bubbles moving through a water pool is known to be an efficient means to reduce source term to the environment during severe accidents, as happened in Fukushima Daiichi. This trapping, called pool scrubbing, entails a complex phenomenology in which hydrodynamics, thermal hydraulics, and aerosol physics strongly affect each other and determine the net transfer of radioactivity coming out from the aqueous pond. More than 20 experimental programs have addressed this issue since the early 1980s, but few of them did it in a systematic and representative way. This paper thoroughly reviews the entire pool scrubbing database until 2016 and assesses the adequacy of the experimental setup, representativeness of boundary conditions, weaknesses in decontamination factor derivation, data uncertainties, and some other aspects to finally synthesize a reduced number of experiments that could be used as an experimental matrix for the validation of pool scrubbing models. More than 500 tests were reviewed and classified as Qualified for Validation, Useful for Understanding, or Not Useful; less than 15% of these experiments are considered in the proposed validation matrix due to different reasons. Major insights and remaining needs are also highlighted. This work was conducted under the framework of the Integration of Pool Scrubbing Research to Enhance Source-Term Calculations, or the IPRESCA project, led by Becker Technologies, in the framework of the Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform/Nuclear Generation II & III Alliance/Technical Area 2.


ber: 1901175) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (Project number: MP0022856). This study received funds from Alzheimer Prevention in Occitania and Catalonia (APOCChair of Excellence—Inspire Program). The plasma measures of this study were supported by institutional startup funds (A.D. Nguyen, PI). The MAPT study was supported by grants from the Gérontopôle of Toulouse, the French Ministry of Health (PHRC 2008, 2009), Pierre Fabre Research Institute (manufacturer of the omega-3 supplement), ExonHit Therapeutics SA, and Avid Radiopharmaceuticals Inc. The promotion of this study was supported by the University Hospital Center of Toulouse. The data sharing activity was supported by the Association Monegasque pour la Recherche sur la maladie d'Alzheimer (AMPA) and the INSERM-University of Toulouse III UMR 1295 Unit.


This study investigated the relationship between talent retention and organizational sustainability of deposit money banks in Port Harcourt. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. The population of the study was the twenty-one (21) licensed deposit money banks in Port Harcourt. The sample size of the study comprised of four (4) managers from each of the 21 banks which summed up to 84 respondents. Furthermore primary and secondary data were collected from the participants with the help of a structured pre-tested questionnaire. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical method using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) computer software version 21.0 presented in textual forms and tables. Spearman's Rank Order Correlation Coefficient was computed to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between talent retention and organizational sustainability in deposit money banks in Port Harcourt. Based on the findings, this study recommended that talent retention should be encouraged in organizations because it gives opportunities to develop competent, capable and productive employees who will enhance organizational sustainability after the incapacitation or demise of a key stakeholder. Keywords:   Talent Retention, Organizational Sustainability, Key Stakeholder CITATION: CITATION: Sunnyjoe, C. I., & Tantua (JR.), E. (2019). Talent retention and organizational sustainability of deposit money banks in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 6 (1), 178 – 188.


Abstract : The methodology of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is compared to operations analysis standards. Of special concern is how Air Combat Command (ACC) uses QFD for the Modernization Planning Process (MPP). ACC digresses from the traditional use of QFD for incorporating quality into manufacturing processes to use it as a planning tool. ACC's goal in implementing QFD is to incorporate the demands of the Air Force mission into the modernization planning effort. ACC's use of QFD to identify and quantify current deficiencies and quantify the value of alternative future solutions has led to the investigation of inconsistencies with QFD, both generally and with how ACC employs it. In short, the purpose of this thesis is to improve ACC's current method for optimizing combat capability through both near-term and far-term modifications.


A mysterious part of our physical and psychological models of the world is Time. Its cognitive representation has evolved from
 Mythology through Literature to Physics. In ancient times, it was Kala of the Indo-Europeans, Chronos of the Greek gods, and the
 Kirke of Odyssey whose world could make heroes forget about anything. Then came Renaissance, the gradual awakening of the Time of
 Soul, the swing of philosophical mind between material and ideal worlds, its acceleration to the Relativity of Einstein, and the
 recent collapse on the Quantum Theory and to new biocentric passages. Shakespeare's world of human mind and characters is so
 diverse and opulent, that anyone can find and emulate natural and supernatural phenomena in it, getting food for philosophical,
 psychological contemplation and even ideas for quantum-physical speculations. The truth is that Time molds the world of matter with
 the subjective world of human dreams and deeds.


The ProblemThis study was undertaken to evaluate the recruitment and training practices of a Health and Beauty Network Marketing Company in Singapore.
Scope and Delimitations of the StudyThe respondents of the study were 385 distributors from Singapore of the subject network marketing company who are actively engaged in the business' South Asia Pacific Region operations.A limitation initially thought of is how well the participants represent the typical network marketing participants.Further delimitation is that in order to obtain a more accurate response, the ideal situation would be to have respondents from different types of network marketing businesses. This would allow the stratification of the respondents by type of business.
Research MethodologyThe researcher employed the descriptive method of research in order to comprehensively analyze the problems as it delved to collect significant information about the effectiveness and impact of the recruiting and training practices of the network marketing distributors. Through the survey questionnaire, the researcher used the data collected in describing, documenting, analyzing and interpreting the results to validate the hypotheses. 385 respondents were randomly selected from the independent distributors in Singapore who are actively engaging in various sales and marketing activities conducted to enhance and develop their own network spheres.As to descriptive statistics, frequency and percentage distribution, mean rating scales, paired sample t-test and normal distribution were used. As to inferential statistics, analysis of variancewas utilized to measure which among the recruitment and training practices have significant relationship with the satisfaction of respondents.
Findings and ConclusionsBased on the findings generated from the data gathered, the researcher has drawn the following conclusions:1.0 Most of the respondents belonged to the 40 to 49 years age group, females, and are married. Majority are Bachelor's Degree holders whose main source of income is the network marketing business, with less than one year experience as a distributor.2.0 Regardless of the respondents' age, gender, civil status, highest level of educational attainment, main source of income, average monthly income, and number of years of being a network marketing distributor, majority moderately agreed on the Recruitment and Training Practices of the Health and Beauty Network Marketing Company.3.0 Consequently, respondents moderately agreed on their level of satisfaction as a network marketing distributor regardless of their age, gender, civil status, highest level of educational attainment, main source of income, average monthly income, and number of years of being a network marketing distributor.4.0 Overall, the respondents' evaluation of the recruitment and training practices of the subject Health and Beauty Network Marketing Company did not differ significantly when they were grouped according to their age, gender, and civil status. Significant differences in their evaluation were found, however, when they were grouped according to their highest educational attainment, main source of income, average monthly income, and the number of years they had been network marketing distributors. Respondents with higher educational attainment, whose main source of income is the network marketing business, earning higher monthly income, and with longer years of experience as distributors had a higher evaluation of the recruitment and training practices of the Health and Beauty Network Marketing Company.5.0 Furthermore, respondents' level of satisfaction showed no significant difference when grouped according to the respondents' age and civil status. When grouped according to their gender, highest level of educational attainment, main source of income, average monthly income, and number of years of being a network marketing distributor, significant differences in their level of satisfaction were found.6.0 As reported by the respondents, pricing ranked as the most encountered problem in recruiting and training practices of the network marketing company. An improvement on product knowledge ranked second, followed by problems on selling and sales promotion where respondents reported a lack of sales training. As for problems encountered on distribution network, difficulty to grow network ranked first. The least encountered problem the respondents reported was on customer relationship. As for the problems encountered by the network marketing company in terms of training, lack of adequate training ranked first.


Pharmaceutical cocrystals are multi-component solid-state assemblies of two or more compounds held together by any type or combination of intermolecular interactions. The objective of this study was to investigate the use and validate the success rate of Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) for the indicating cocrystal formation and guide for cocrystal screening. Nabumetone as a model drug selected which carries dosage form design challenges. Present work emphasizes prediction of miscibility of nabumetone and cocrystal former (CCF) for cocrystal formation. Prediction was based on differences in the HSPs between drug and CCF; calculated by combined Hoftyzer-Van Krevelen and Fedors group contribution. Cocrystallization was carried out using the equimolar 1:1, 0.1 mMol stoichiometric ratios of nabumetone and CCFs  via solvent evaporation technique followed by vaccum drying. The obtained systems/samples were characterized by FT-IR, DSC and PXRD for identification of cocrystal formation. Results showed formation of new phases designated as a cocrystal. The investigated approach was effective in predicting miscibility of the drug and selected conformer's. Proposed HSPs-based approach would be useful for short listing potential coformers prior to complex laboratory screening experiments. Key words : Cocrystals, Nabumetone, Cocrystal formers, Hansen solubility parameter.


Wheat is a major crop in Bulgaria, which occupies about 60% of the area of cereals in the country and in the last decade it provides nearly three-quarters of grain for the national economy. At the time of preparing of the country for EU accession significant changes have been made in conditions and results of production and the country's participation in domestic and foreign trade in wheat. In current study, on the basis of a survey of production and socio-economic performance of Bulgaria's participation in international trade in wheat, opportunities to increase the competitiveness of the wheat production in the country are justified. Key words: wheat, production, competitiveness


The sixth plenary session of the seventeenth central committee offered to deepen the reform of the cultural management system,and promote and prosper socialist development of culture.How to promote the popularization of marxism,we must insist on the orientation of advanced socialist culture,and promote the development and prosperity of culture.It has become the the major subjects gives us in this era.With the popularity of the marxism,promote cultural undertakings prosperity and culture industry fast development,make the culture become the new engine of economic and social development.Facing the current domestic and foreign new situation,popularization of marxism must adhere to link theory with practice;the construction of high-quality and professional team;diversification of the methods,etc.


Trace-driven simulation is common technique to accurately estimate the performance of computer systems. Accuracy of the estimated performance greatly depends on the traces as well as the system model itself. The trace based performance evaluation, however, suffers from the high cost of trace generation and execution. This has, provided the necessary impetus towards the development of accurate trace sampling methodologies. In this paper, we have presented a new methodology for generating and validating representative reduced traces. Experimental results show effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed technique.


Ligand exchange processes have been attracting tremendous interest and are necessary when fabricating nanocrystal (NC) thin films for various applications. As ligand exchange processes are based on solution treatment processes, understanding solvents' effects on the ligand exchange process is necessary. Herein, we investigated the effects of exchanging solvents and rinsing solvents on silver (Ag) NC thin films during the ligand exchanging and rinsing steps. We studied the relationships between solvent properties, such as polarity and steric hindrance, and the structural, electronic, and electromechanical properties of NC thin films. A model system was proposed to explain the obtained relationships. We found that exchanging solvents and rinsing solvents during the ligand exchange process should be separated to regulate the ligand exchange process so that films with desired properties can be obtained. Films optimized for different purposes (highly conductive/highly electromechanically sensitive) were fabric...


A herical chiral aggregate of lutein, considered to be an electron conductor, inhibits photosynthetic electron transport (photoreduction) activities in PS I and PS II. Lutein dispersed in thylakoid suspension was incorporated into thylakoid membrane to form the same chiral aggregate as that originally contained in thylakoid. Such a chiral aggregate exhibited different CD patterns from the ordinary one in aqueous system. The residual lutein in the suspension will form the ordinary chiral aggregate which adheres on to the membrane to make up by-path of electron transport. The results indicate an apparent inhibition of photoreduction activities in presence of added lutein.


We explore the properties of nuclear pasta appearing in supernova matter, i.e., matter at finite temperature with a fixed proton fraction. The pasta phases with a series of geometric shapes are studied using the compressible liquid-drop (CLD) model, where nuclear matter separates into a dense liquid phase of nucleons and a dilute gas phase of nucleons and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles. The equilibrium conditions for two coexisting phases are derived by minimization of the total free energy including the surface and Coulomb contributions, which are clearly different from the Gibbs conditions for phase equilibrium due to the finite-size effects. Compared to the results considering only spherical nuclei, the inclusion of pasta phases can delay the transition to uniform matter and enlarge the region of nonuniform matter in the phase diagram. The thermodynamic quantities obtained in the present calculation with the CLD model are consistent with those in the realistic equation of state table for astrophysical simulations using the Thomas-Fermi approximation. It is found that the density ranges of various pasta shapes depend on both the temperature $T$ and the proton fraction ${Y}_{p}$. Furthermore, the nuclear symmetry energy and its density dependence may play crucial roles in determining the properties of pasta phases. Our results suggest that the pasta phase diagram is most sensitively dependent on the symmetry energy slope $L$ especially in the low-${Y}_{p}$ and high-$T$ region.


With Henan economizing the sources of forest examination data of 1949-1998^s certain period serve as the basis, grey forecasting model of the major quota of establishment forestry sources, and has calculate the development trend of 2003-2033^s year major quota of forestry sources.


Optical systems in lithography machines play a significant role in their performance and, therefore, need to be optimized for specific applications. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and, in particular, metaheuristics are utilized in optimization algorithms for finding a diverse set of feasible and high-performing designs. The diversity requirement of the produced solutions is enforced to allow taking into account additional constraints that are difficult to formalize. In this work, we analyse the space of solutions previously produced by a niching evolutionary algorithm for the Cooke Triplet optical system and propose an approximation of the manifold where all high-performing designs exist. First, we show the existence of high-performing optical designs that are structurally different from the 21 previously known theoretical solutions. In order to do this, we develop a general computationally efficient methodology to create a partition of known high-quality points and their (accidentally found) improvements to their corresponding attraction basins, in the case when neither the exact number of landscape attractors nor their locations are known. We construct a manifold estimation which contains high-performing solutions by fitting a Gaussian Process-based classifier which predicts if an arbitrary design is close to high-performing. The proposed approach shows that AI-assisted optimization is beneficial, and it can be used to extend the capabilities of lithographic scanners and metrology equipment. Furthermore, it opens the possibility of studying other industrial applications.


Objectives: To better understand the current situation of vocational high school students' sex and reproductive health knowledge and their existing problems and demands,to provide scientific basis on the propaganda and guidance work. Method: 420 questionnaires of vocational high school students aged 16- 19 were conducted about their sex and reproductive health knowledge. Result: 56. 2% of them knew the route of transmission of AIDS.70% of them didn't know the timing of contraception and the damage induced abortion brought to girls' physical and psychological health. Conclusion: Vocational high school students don't have enough knowledge about sex and reproductive health and the damage sex may bring to their physical and psychological health. It is suggested that teachers should combine the demand of reproductive health and the characteristics of the students,using constructivism learning theory,to start a course of reproductive health which is scientific,practical,more targeted and easy to be accepted.This model of teaching will involves family,school and society. It will be very helpful to improve teenagers' knowledge of sex and reproductive health,as well as their physical and psychological development.


Compartment syndrome represents a clinical entity, whose diagnosis depends both on clinical findings as well as on measurement of the intracompartmental pressure. Physiopathology and clinical aspects of diagnosis and treatment of the acute compartment syndrome are discussed, based on the literature review and personal clinical experience.


If labor demand and labor supply are both flat, small shifts in either schedule bring substantial shifts in employment. Flatness of demand and supply seems the most promising explanation of observed aggregate employment volatility. Empirical work on labor demand in U.S. industries suggests flatness: When exogenous forces change the level of employment in an industry, the product wage in that industry changes relatively little. Other evidence corroborates this. For example, firms do not build inventories in anticipation of future higher levels of production; cost minimization would compel such production smoothing if the marginal product of labor was higher in slumps than in booms. Complementarities may be one of the reasons that labor demand is flat. With respect to labor supply, flatness occurs if the marginal value of alternative activities is not sensitive to the amount of time devoted to those activities. The paper focuses on reorganization as the primary alternative use of time. Empirical evidence on the relation between job matching and the volume of unemployment is consistent with the hypothesis of no decline in marginal effectiveness of job search as unemployment rises.


Open Key Encryption with Keyword Search (PEKS) is a noteworthy cryptographic primitive for secure available data encryption in spread limit. Dreadfully, it is regularly subject to (inside) withdrew watchword estimating strike (KGA), which is against the information security of clients. Existing counter measures for dealing with this security is suemainly experience the ill effects of low effectiveness and are unreasonable for genuine applications. In this work, we give a down to earth and appropriate treatment on this security shortcoming by formalizing another PEKS structure named Server-Aided Public Key Encryption with Keyword Search (SA-PEKS). In SA-PEKS, to influence the catchphrase to figure content/trapdoor, the client needs to examine a semi-trusted untouchable called Keyword Server (KS) by running an assertion custom and in the future security against the withdrew KGA can be picked up. We by then present a comprehensive change from any PEKS plan to a shielded SA-PEKS plot utilizing the deterministic apparently blocked stamp. To format its validity, we exhibit the essential instantiation of SA-PEKS conspire by using the FDH-RSA signature and the PEKS plot proposed by Boneh et al. in Eurocrypt 2004. At long last, we delineate how to safely execute the customer KS convention with a rate-obliging fragment against on-line KGA and.


The deconstruction of Jurgen Habermas's "public sphere" has generated fresh thinking about political communication and participation. This article, which introduces the forum, explores a series of problems that continue to confront early modern scholars. Greater sensitivity to the unstable and ephemeral nature of "publics," combined with a stronger awareness of the role of cultural exchange, has undoubtedly enriched early modern studies. Some analytical precision has, nonetheless, been lost. The dismantling of "the public sphere" as a unitary space has shifted attention towards networks and forms of association that were not contained by territorial borders, but at the expense of deeper consideration of the cultural and linguistic boundaries that dictated the terms on which people could participate in and shape public discourse. This article contends that study of the British archipelago offers new ways of thinking about these problems. Its patchwork of religious, political, cultural, ethnic, and linguistic affinities has been given limited consideration by scholars. By looking at responses to the consolidation of the English language, the role of national churches, and the rise of London as an international publishing hub, this article reassesses the associations between political communication, identity formation, and the state.


This paper develops a spatial model for a water basin that allows for surface water allocation and re-use of the water that is lost. The analytical solution suggests specialization of production over space upstream farmers use canal water and downstream farmers pump groundwater that is lost upstream. Groundwater emerges as an endogenous "backstop." The empirical results suggest that when traditional conservation technologies are used, optimization over the entire basin leads to significant increases in aggregate output, project area and water use. Somewhat counterintuitively, rents from water decrease if farmers switch from traditional to modern irrigation technology.


The Whole-Building Energy Targets project, sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE), is developing a methodology for generating energy performance targets for commercial buildings. The methodology and implementing software have potential applications to energy standards and guidelines, advanced building design tools, energy retrofit analysis, demand-side management programs, and the planning and assessment of building energy research. Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) is conducting the Targets project with assistance from three leading building-industry associations -- the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE); the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES); and the American Institute of Architects/Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (AIA/ACSA) Council on Architectural Research. The project`s objective is to develop a methodology to generate energy performance targets for design, check the compliance of commercial-building designs with those targets, and evaluate design alternatives. Two previous phases of the project have been completed -- Phase 1 Planning and Phase 2 Concept Development. The current phase is called Phase 3 System Development. Key elements of the technical approach are that targets will be based on space functions (i.e., the collection of activities and corresponding areas within a building) rather than building types, generated using economic optimization methods, andmore » custom-generated for specific building projects. Pacific Northwest Laboratory is developing computer software, referred to as the ``Targets software,`` that implements this methodology. The Targets software will enable the methodology to be demonstrated and tested and is intended to provide the basis for final computer applications incorporating the methodology.« less


ABSTRACT There was fruiting of the dipterocarps of Pantai Aceh Forest Reserve, Penang, Peninsular Malaysia in September 1986. The opportunity was taken to investigate the establishment and seedling survival of Shorea curtisii, Shorea multiflora and Shorea pauciflora over the subsequent year. The germination and seedling survival of Shorea curtisii was compared between canopy gaps and forest understorey sites. Under the shaded conditions none of the species grew beyond the two leaf stage over their first year. Shorea multiflora seedlings suffered a 72% mortality, significantly lower than that of Shorea pauciflora (89%) and Shorea curtisii (93%). The major cause of mortality appeared to be drought, though Shorea curtisii was also prone to predation by small mammals. In a gap, Shorea curtisii seeds probably germinated less well but seedling survival (28% versus 7%) and growth was better than canopy-shaded conspecifics. Seedlings in gaps escaped small mammal predation.


Measurements of the spin-orbit excitations in Ce at large momentum transfers are reported. In the \ensuremath{\gamma} phase we observe a well-defined spin-orbit excitation around \ensuremath{\sim}260 meV, close to the spin-orbit energy of the free ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ion. On cooling below \ensuremath{\sim}110 K Ce transforms to the \ensuremath{\alpha} phase and the spin-orbit excitation disappears from the energy region below 300 meV, reappearing as a broad excitation around 500 meV. This enhanced energy of the spin-orbit excitation in \ensuremath{\alpha}-Ce corresponds to a characteristic energy of \ensuremath{\sim}250 meV for the upper ${}^{2}{F}_{7/2}$ spin-orbit state compared with \ensuremath{\sim}170 meV for the ${}^{2}{F}_{5/2}$ ground state. Observation of the spin-orbit excitation in the \ensuremath{\alpha} phase, particularly at high Q values (\ensuremath{\sim}15 ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$) provides further support to the idea of an energy broadened, but essentially localized $4f$ state in \ensuremath{\alpha}-Ce.


Most interpretation work is still based on stacked and not on migrated sections. In the case of heavy faulting and considerable velocity contrasts between formations, migration of interpreted interfaces poses a problem. In more detail, the problem may be specified as follows:

— a given interpretation of a number of interfaces along with a given heterogeneous velocity field may not always have a plausible solution in the form of migrated interfaces in depth;

— fault planes, salt boundaries, etc., are, in most cases, not directly interpretable in a section and are plotted by intuition using interface terminations as a guide;

— the velocity field in fault zones is, in most cases, hard to determine.

The interpreter may arrive at a plausible solution by repeating the migration process with various possible interpretations and various velocity assumptions.

The subject of this paper is an algorithm based on ray-theory which allows one:

— to handle faults and velocity variations at faults properly;

— to perform migration in steps, working a particular geological unit at a time and proceeding to the next unit once the foregoing one has been properly migrated;

— to display ray-paths, where necessary, for investigation of interface distortions, e.g., below fault areas.

The algorithm is designed and implemented for application in an interactive environment. Inspection of intermediate and final results, investigation of interface distortions and modifications are performed on a graphics screen. Thus, various possible interpretations and velocity assumptions may be investigated within a short time.

Interfaces interpreted on migrated sections may be over-migrated because of neglection of the influence of refraction in most section migration programs. This over-migration may also be corrected using the above algorithm in the "image ray" mode.


Abstract
Neural networks, a parallel computing architecture modelled on living nervous systems, are able to "learn" by example. The ability of a simulated neural network to distinguish among simulated microscopic amoebae nuclei images was studied. The neural network was successfully shown to organize feature detectors without the intermediate step of manual identification of salient features. The feature detectors were mapped onto the image format and the issue of redundancy was examined.


This study identified domestic and foreign golf clothing norms and extended recognition and attitude on golf clothing norms expressed in a golf wear style for golfer groups in their 20s-30s. Domestic golf clothing norms were derived from a theoretical research and case study; subsequently, golfers in their 20s-30s were classified into 4 groups. In-depth interviews were conducted using a serious leisure concept to analyze attitudes and stylistic expressions. Domestic golf clothing norms derived from stipulated and implicit norms varied as a type and situation of a golf course, gender of the golfer, and domestic golfers in their 20s-30s perceived such a point. For golfers in their 20s-30s, attitudes on golf clothing norms and their stylistic expressions showed differences according to gender and leisure type. As for gender characteristics, female golfers focused on 'look prettier' in stylistic expressions through experiences with a double-standard clothing norm; however, male golfers showed strict application and observance of a clothing norm in stylistic expressions compared to female golfers. However, male golfer groups in their 20s-30s as 'casual leisure participants' and those as 'serious leisure participants' showed differences becuase the former showed a tendency to observe clothing norms from other viewpoints and evaluations and the latter showed off their abilities and careers as a means of distinction. As for characteristic of stylistic expressions according to a leisure type, golfers in their 20s-30s showed distinction as serious leisure participants through forming new and independent clothing norms. Research findings are expected to provide an opportunity to reconsidering the influence of clothing norms in young people who have a strong tendency to express clothing style as a means to pursue individuality and taste.


Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) or more commonly known as LPG gas is a gas stove fuel that comes from the results of liquefied petroleum gas and is then put into a tube, one of which is a 3-kilogram tube. The behavior of dependence on the consumption of 3-kilogram gas cylinders from the people of Banggai Regency can be seen from the use of non-subsidized 3 kilogram LPG gas, namely (±) 32. 002 people/group, the second is the consumption rate from subsidies and non-subsidies, namely 38. 864 units from total users, namely (±) 45. 000 people/groups with a supply of 30. 800 units and the third about frequent scarcity in 2020 and early 2021 reported by Banggai News and Obormotindok. Simulation Method Dynamic systems are modeling and running simulations of real systems to analyze problems and present solutions from policy scenarios from the researcher's perspective. By using this method, researchers can identify the behavior of 3 kilograms of gas consumption from the rate of consumption and demand through tables and graphs using the Powersim Studio 7 software. The results of the study present 3 policy scenarios, namely the first scenario regarding an increase in the transition to 99% non-subsidized gas cylinders with simulation results, namely September 1 2021 - October 1 2022 the demand is fulfilled, the second scenario regarding the addition of a 7th agent with simulation results, namely September 1 2021 - April 1 2023 demand can still be fulfilled and the third scenario regarding an increase in the transition to 99% non-subsidized gas cylinders and the addition of a 7th agent with simulation results, namely 1 September 2021 – 1 September 2023 the demand for needs is fulfilled. The conclusion is that the third policy scenario will be taken because among the policy scenarios presented, the preparation of tube supplies is fulfilled within two years, namely September 1 2021 - September 1 2023.


Abstract : The report describes the experimental measurement of pressure recovery across a simulated combustion chamber duct of a two-dimensional hypersonic inlet with variable geometry. The model tested was a wedge type inlet which generated a single external shock wave. The program was conducted in the twenty-inch hypersonic wind tunnel. Testing was at a nominal free stream Mach number of 14 and free stream Reynolds number of 721,000 per foot. (Author)


This invention relates to fastening the end of a hose to a nozzle. It relates to a connector assembly wherein an end piece 6 of rigid pipe having a shoulder projection 14 is introduced at the end of a flexible pipe 5. a clamp 24 can be clamped outside of the flexible pipe 5 nearer to the end thereof that the shoulder 14. According the invention, the clamp 24 is attached to the outside of the hose 5 in a suitable position by a flexible sleeve 18 which is bonded thereto and forms a channel 20 which surrounds the clamp 24. Application to flexible pipes of automotive engine cooling system.


Large-amplitude, high-luminosity soft X-ray flares were detected by the ROSAT All-Sky Survey in several galaxies with no evidence of Seyfert activity in their ground-based optical spectra. These flares had the properties predicted for a tidal disruption of a star by a central supermassive black hole. We report Chandra observations of three of these galaxies taken a decade after their flares that reveal weak nuclear X-ray sources that are from 240 to 6000 times fainter than their luminosities at peak, supporting the theory that these were special events and not ongoing active galactic nucleus (AGN) variability. The decline of RX J1624.9+7554 by a factor of 6000 is consistent with the (t - tD)-5/3 decay predicted for the fallback phase of a tidal disruption event, but only if ROSAT was lucky enough to catch the event exactly at its peak in 1990 October. RX J1242.6-1119A has declined by a factor of 240, also consistent with (t - tD)-5/3. In the H II galaxy NGC 5905 we find only resolved, soft X-ray emission that is undoubtedly associated with starburst activity. When accounting for the starburst component, the ROSAT observations of NGC 5905, as well as the Chandra upper limit on its nuclear flux, are consistent with a (t - tD)-5/3 decay by at least a factor of 1000. Although we found weak Seyfert 2 emission lines in Hubble Space Telescope spectra of NGC 5905, indicating that a low-luminosity AGN was present prior to the X-ray flare, we favor a tidal disruption explanation for the flare itself.


have not been firmly established. Antonia Forster's knowledgeable and authoritative recent account of eighteenth-century book review ing focuses on its development following the 1749 founding of the Monthly Review.1 But while the importance of journals like the Monthly that were conceived specifically to analyse newly published literary work is undeni able, their predecessors remain neglected. The book review did not spring into existence as a sophisticated, recognizable, fully-realized form. Various kinds of notices — like advertisements or publication announcements — and reviews of new books were published in the late-seventeenth and earlyeighteenth centuries. As early as the 1660s, periodicals like the Intelligencer; Published For the Satisfaction and Information of the People contained material that aimed to inform the public of the existence and content of par ticular books. In recent years no one has paid much attention to these pre-1749 book notices. The most comprehensive examination of the early era of the book review in England remains an unpublished 1918 dissertation by Roger Philip McCutcheon.2 Other scholars have given the topic cursory attention. More than fifty years ago Edward A. Bloom concluded that 'dur ing the first half of the [eighteenth] century, the standards of review serials were well-intentioned but their execution was fumbling'.3 Thirty years later in her Preface to Index to Book Reviews in England 1749–1774, Antonia


EDITOR—We agree with Ions that the stabilisation of medical problems is the main reason for delaying surgery on patients with a fractured neck of femur, and that comorbidities, particularly dementia, are important predictors of death. However, we disagree with the view that the timing of the operation is in itself …


Abstract This algorithm draws straight lines on discrete devices as if they were staircases. It determines the fractional average length of each step, and it fills the pixels along every scanline intersected by the line to be drawn. This algorithm supports fractional line ends, and it uses internal 32-bit fixed-point arithmetic; 16 bits for the integer and 16 bits for the decimal part.


No-fault automobile insurance is a first-part coverage under which accident victims can recover up to certain limits for economic losses from their own insurers without regard to fault. On the other hand, a tort-liability compensation system is based on third-part coverage under which negligence has to be proven in order to collect from the party at fault. Problems with and criticisms of the tort-liability compensation system in automobile insurance culminated in the implementation of no-fault plans in 24 states during the 1970's. This paper presents empirical tests of some of these alleged advantages, based on loss-ratio data by state for 1975 through 1980. It was found that a no-fault compensation system tends to increase relative benefits provided to consumers of automobile insurance. However, it was also found that a no-fault system does not improve the predictability of losses for insurers, at least in the short run.


Glaser (1980) noted that assessing treatment and treatment processes had not been a high priority in the alcohol treatment field. Subsequent to his observation, however, a surge of interest in treat ment assessment has taken place among adminis trators, researchers, and clinicians. Indeed, a recent issue of Substance Use & Misuse (Magura 2000) contained several articles on substance abuse treatment assessment. That interest has been spurred by several developments. One is an expanding focus on systems analysis and between-program differences, prompted by efforts toward health care reform. In order to describe programs and examine interrelationships among program characteristics and quality of care indices, policymakers, administrators, and researchers recognized the need for instruments to assess program-level variables. A second reason for rising interest in treat ment assessment has been increasing recognition of the complex nature of predominantly psychoso cial interventions, such as those often used to treat alcohol use disorders even when pharmacologic agents also are provided. One example of this complexity is "therapist effects" in the delivery of treatment (Najavits and Weiss 1994; Najavits et al. 2000), that is, the way in which the "same" treatment can be delivered quite differently by different therapists. Treatment researchers have become aware of the need to not only facilitate the provision of standardized treatment through the use of therapist training, supervision, and treat ment manuals (e.g., K.M. Carroll 1997) but also to assess the implementation of the complex, multifaceted treatments they are studying. For example, it is important to document that distinc tive treatments have been applied in comparative evaluations, especially in studies of patient-treatment matching, and to conduct treatment process analy ses to identify "active ingredients of treatment" and "mechanisms of change." On the clinical side, treatment providers need instruments with which to assess the quality of treatment provision, as well as the progress of their clients during treatment. Their motivation is the same as that among researchers: Such instru ments are seen as essential elements in the effort to improve clinical care. This chapter first presents a broad, multilevel model of the treatment processes. Then, measures of the different domains of treatment variables addressed by the model are reviewed. The predominantly recent interest in the assessment of treatment continues to be reflected in the avail ability of only a few established measures. A number of promising instruments are reviewed, however. When multiple measures assess a partic ular domain, descriptive and psychometric data for them are presented in tabular form. The final section considers additional work needed to develop high-quality measures of treatment and treatment processes.


The influence parameters are all constant over time. • soil material ({rock , sediment}) • linear slip weakening distance [m] • static coefficient of friction • dynamic coefficient of friction • direction of tectonic background stress [◦] • hypocentral distance of seismometer [m] • elevation of seismometer [m] • landform at seismometer∗ ({ridge, plain, valley , . . . }) • moment magnitude [Nm] ∗Categorization into landforms was performed using the Topographic Position Index (TPI) of Weiss (2001)


Настоящото становище е изготвено и представено на вниманието на ОСГК на ВКС в отговор на поканата (изх. № ОСГК-Т.Д.-1/04.10.2010 г.) до Департамент "Право" на НБУ за участие в заседанието на ОСГК на ВКС на 11 ноември 2010 г. по тълкувателно дело № 1 от 2010 г.
The article reveals the opinion of the author with regard to an interpretative case, pending before the Supreme court of cassation of the Republic of Bulgaria. The author puts
forward arguments in favour of the opinion, that in the case of an action for annulment of dismissal filed by an employee or worker whose employment contract has been concluded under the provisions of Article 61, paragraph 2 of the Labour code, the employer, that is "the undertaking of the post at issue", along with its superior body act as defendant as necessary obligatory litisconsorts (codefendants).


The author examines the uses of ground-water flow models and which classes of use require treatment of stochastic components. He then compares traditional and stochastic procedures for modeling actual (as distinguished from hypothetical) systems. Finally, he examines the conceptual basis and characteristics of the regression approach to modeling ground-water flow.


Objective To establish a method for determination of psoralen and isopsoralen in Bushen Jiannao Soft Capsule. Methods The HPLC separation was performed on Diamonsil-C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with a mixture methanol-water (48∶52) as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection wavelength was at 246 nm, and column temperature at 40 ℃. Results The linear response of psoralen and isopsoralen ranged from 0.010 08~0.252 μg (r=0.999 8) and 0.009 14~0.228 5 μg (r =0.999 9). The average recovery was 98.91% (RSD=1.74%) and 99.93% (RSD=1.27%) respectively. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, and suitable for the determination of the psoralen and isopsoralen in the preparations.


The focus of this study is the significant and widespread overrepresentation of Blacks in the child welfare system. The study specifically addresses the issue in the context of its association with decision-making practices of child welfare workers in the County of Los Angeles. The study notes the historical roots of disparate treatment of Blacks by the child welfare system at the inception of the institution when Blacks were excluded from the services it provided. Findings of previous research that discuss the eventual admission of Blacks into the system, access to services, and current overrepresentation, indicate that race may continue to dictate the experience of children who are referred into the system. Statistical analyses of relevant data comparing the results of evaluations made by child welfare workers for Black versus White non-Hispanic children were utilized for this study. Paired sample T-tests were used to explore the association between race and experience within the system. All Black and White non-Hispanic children referred to Los Angeles County Department of


Educating a cross-cultural communicative person is one of the competency-based objectives in English teacher training. Therefore, in order to find solutions in this direction, this article proposes the application of the method of Tektology: general organizational science (hereinafter – tektology) which is called «ingression». Also, this article is based on the conclusions made by author of tektology on the emergence of language in the process of human evolution.The theoretical part of the article covers the scientific works of English language teachers from different countries whose methods are close to the hypothesis. In order to test and prove the hypothesis there was a survey among English language teachers which results confirmed the hypothesis.


A model of how internal and external sensory information contribute to the firing of place cells in the rat hippocampus, and of how these cells contribute to the rat's spatial behavior, is tested on a miniature mobile robot. The experiments show that crude visual, odometric and short-range proximity information provided by sensors on the robot is sufficient to enable the formation of a robust spatial code within rectangular environments. They further show that the model of navigation can accurately return the robot to an unmarked goal location. Since the rat's perceptual systems are probably similarly crude, these results support our intuition that the model of hippocampal function is reasonable in not demanding too much of its inputs. The combined robotic and neuronal simulation can be used to make predictions regarding both electrophysiological and behavioral experiments. Finally, the model is applied to the neural basis of navigation in humans.


The aim of this article is to analyse the place names found in the Dadanitic inscriptions from al-'Uḏayb, in al-'Ulā (northwest Saudi Arabia). The etymology of these place names reveals that in most cases, they are related to either agriculture or the geographical context. In addition, inscriptions' authors owned possessions which are connected with agricultural produce, land and property. These inscriptions record the performance of a particular ceremony or rite called ẓll. The formula used is: 'ẓll h- ẓll l- Ḏġbt. The place where this performance was made is Khl in the great majority of the inscriptions; the other places being the sites where the inscriptions' authors have their possessions.


From a Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) of voice telephony, an attractive array of Pretty Amazing New Services (PANS) incorporating voice, data and image emerged with the advances in communication technologies. Particularly in the 1980s and beyond, telecommunications received wider attention in international and national development agendas as an integral component of the new information economy. This study aims to examine some of the various factors and forces that compelled a rethink of Philippine telecommunications policy setting during the 1980s and 1990s. It begins with the modest reforms of the Aquino administration and ends with the sweeping reforms of the Ramos government that institutionalized a liberal policy and introduced competition in the previously monopolized Philippine telecommunications industry. It also aims to critically evaluate the success or failure of the SAS program in the achievement of the universal access goal of providing available, affordable and reliable telecommunications services in selected urban and remote, rural areas of the country.


Among coral reef systems, Tuamotu atolls are of great interest because they are very productive compared to the surrounding ocean and they host numerous pearl oysters farms in their lagoons, with a high economic value. To improve the understanding of the nutritional behavior of larvae, juveniles and adults of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, an European program has begun in 2008 for 3 years (1) to study the planktonic productivity of Ahe atoll and (2) to evaluate experimentally the contribution of the various nature and size of organisms and particles (Transparent Exopolymeric Particle, bacteria, piconanophytoplancton, microphytoplankton, protists, metazooplankton) to the diet of pearl oysters.


Content validation provides evidence that diagnoses and their clinical components occur together. A descriptive study was designed to determine the content validity of the definition, etiologies, and signs/symptoms of the American Dietetic Association's nutrition diagnoses. A questionnaire with 62 diagnoses was mailed to a convenience sample of 193 registered dietitians. Each diagnosis had a nutrition diagnosis validation instrument that listed the diagnostic label and its components (definition, etiologies, and signs/symptoms). Participants rated the components on a 5-point Likert-type scale to indicate how each definition, etiology, and sign/symptom was characteristic of the diagnostic label. A diagnostic content validity (DCV) score and a total DCV score were calculated. A DCV score greater than or equal to 0.80 was considered major, less than 0.80 and greater than 0.50 minor, and less than or equal to 0.50 was unrepresentative of the diagnosis. All definitions had a DCV score greater than or equal to 0.80. Fourteen percent of the 327 etiologies and 9% of the 796 signs/symptoms were categorized as minor. All diagnoses had a total DCV score greater than 0.80, except inadequate and excessive bioactive substance intakes. Registered dietitians understood the terminology and validated the components. By establishing the diagnoses that exist in practice, dietitians will be able to articulate clearly which specific nutrition problem is present.


A 33 year old male presented to opd with complaint of pan in whole abdomen for 2 days. He was intravenous drug abuser, chronic smoker and alcoholic. On examination and investigations it was found that he had abdominal tuberculosis with involvement of whole bowel along with perforation and involvement of other organs. Patient underwent Exploratory Laparotomy with Resection of Multiple perforation Bearing Segment of jejunum and Ileum with Exteriorisation of jejunum with Distal mucous stula with PT/PD done. Our aim with this report is to emphasize the importance of history, early surgical management and prompt abdominal exploration and surgical repair provide good clinical outcome and to review the relevant literature.


Labour force is the foundation of the development of an enterprise. The growth of Wenzhou's civilian-run economy depends on the hard work of 2,500,000 migrant workers. Both government and enterprises should create a good environment to attract and keep the labour force. The problem of the shortage of labour force can be solved by treating the migrant workers well and protecting their rights. In this case, we can construct a harmonious society and maintain the development of Wenzhou's civilian-run enterprises.


An SOI-like structure with adequate buried insulator replacing the BOX is extremely attractive for improved thermal dissipation. The resulting material is still SOI-like: thin Si film, high-k dielectric, Si substrate, and can be synthesized by adapting the current bonding techniques. The argument in favor of high-k dielectrics is that they will be used as gate insulators anyway, and high-k technology is being optimized; the whole process is simplified by considering 'symmetrical' oxides. The approach is illustrated with a simple thermal mode, which is validated by self-consistent 2D numerical simulations.