Competitive demand for more rapidly responsive and flexible organizational designs has created new demands for human factors application – particularly at the macroergonomic level. This invited symposium presents four papers that provide different perspectives and understandings of the human factors aspects of organizational complexity. These include a sociotechnical systems model of organizational complexity and its relation to employee complexity, organizational complexity and communications, lessons learned from complex systems' successes and failures, and a case study of the expansion of a company's national program to the international level.


Abstract : The CEWI (Combat Electronic Warfare and Intelligence) concept provides traditional counterintelligence support to the tactical commander. However, to execute the Airland Battle concept, expanded responsibilities must be accomplished by CI (Combat Intelligence) personnel, to include: tactical low level agent operations, OPSEC anlaysis, and support to deception and counter-deception planning. To meet these requirements the Army should develop an intelligence linguist career management field, an OPSEC analyst program, and develop appropriate concepts for the implementation of a tactical HUMINT collection capability. (Author)


The present research aims to study the financial effects produced by the tax treatment of business losses and their influence on investment decisions in the countries of the Andean Region. The research includes the comparative study of losses treatment considered by the different countries of the Andean Region, we found cases not treated and opportunities for improving the Peruvian legislation on the premise that we are looking for enhancing equity, symmetry and competitiveness of current legislation.


AbstractThe effect of geosynthetic layers on moisture distribution and plastic deformation of paved and unpaved road sections is studied using numerical simulations. The geosynthetic layers consisted of, from top to bottom, a transport layer, a geonet, and a nonwoven geotextile (referred to as a geocomposite capillary barrier drain by previous researchers). Two geotextile types were modeled as the transport layer: woven fiberglass and nonwoven polypropylene. The numerical models were verified against published results obtained from a soil-geotextile column. Inclusion of the geosynthetic layers at the interface of the aggregate base course (ABC) and subgrade increased suction in the subgrade and decreased it in the ABC during a simulated rainfall event. The woven fiberglass geotextile led to higher suctions in the ABC compared with the nonwoven polypropylene geotextile. The geosynthetic layers decreased the plastic deformation in both paved and unpaved road sections through combined mechanistic and hydraul...


48 Background: HER2 is overexpressed in gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) tumors. Though treatment of these tumors with the HER2-targeted agent trastuzumab offers clinical benefit, patients ultimately progress. Signaling by HER2/HER3 heterodimers following activation by HER3's ligand heregulin has been shown to be a resistance mechanism to trastuzumab. The objective of this study was to quantitate HER2, HER3 and heregulin in gastric and GEJ tumor samples to determine whether these tumors express components for signaling through this complex and thus have potential for developing trastuzumab resistance. Methods: A novel immunofluorescent assay was used to quantitate HER2 and cytokeratin in 236 gastric and GEJ tumors. Using image analysis, each cell within a section was classified as tumor or non-tumor based on cytokeratin level. HER2 fluorescence was also quantitated in each cell and converted to number of HER2 receptors per cell using a standard curve from an array of cell lines with defined HER...


The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of commonly available food sources in extending the vase life of cut gladiolus. It was carried out at Floricultural Research Station, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Rajendranagar during 2020-2021. The preservatives used were Sugar (10, 20g), Coconut water (25, 50%), Sprite (50, 100 ml), Honey (5, 10%) and control (Distilled water) in Completely randomized design with nine treatments. Highest water uptake (22.62, 14.62, 11.29 g), transpirational loss of water (20.82, 13.00, 10.28 g), Water balance (6.80, 6.41, 6.01 g), Fresh weight change (106.69, 98.73, 89.36 % ), lowest optical density (0.037, 0.042, 0.054 nm) on 2nd, 4th and 6th day of vase life respectively, minimum number of days to first floret opening (1.69 days), maximum diameter of basal floret (10.33 cm) and longevity of basal floret (2.63 days), highest number of florets opened on spike when basal floret is fresh (2.33), number of florets opened per spike at the end of the vase life (10.89) and highest vase life (9.33 days) was recorded in treatment sprite 100 ml. Based on these findings it can be inferred that Sprite 100 ml can be used as an effective food source alternative to chemical preservatives to enhance the vase life of cut gladiolus.


On the basis of the comprehensive study on the ore property,the grinding test of villamaninite ore were carried out using two kinds of grinding-aid agents.The results showed that the grinding efficiency may be increased and the energy consumption may be decreased by using these two grinding-aid agents.This research can provide reference for popularization application of grinding-aid agent in treatment process of nonferrous metallic ores.


mHealth sensors are well known as mobile health sensors, which are used in the practice of medicine and public health supported by mobile devices. For easy understanding of mHealth, we need to have an overlook on to biosensors which are well established in the medical field. Biosensors are the analytical devices which will convert the biological response to the electrical signals. Biosensors are also said to be analytical devices which are intended to use as an analyte, which pools the biological component with a physicochemical detector. mHealth sensors are categorized into 4 types, those are wireless sensor networks, eHealth, wearable technology and Wban technology. mHealth sensors are useful for the patients to get monitored with the health data and physiological data without visiting to the doctor and can access from the devices from home. mHealth sensors are emerging in the current modern technology and this may be getting boom in the near future, so that we can operate and get the physiological testing data from home and as per our feasible time.


In recent times, successive governments in Rivers State, Nigeria has made attempts at increasing and enhancing the mobility of human and vehicular traffic within and around the metropolitan and one-city capital of the state. Transport and mobility projects such as the construction of the first ultra modern monorail project in Nigeria, the setting up of the Rivers State Traffic Management Authority (TIMA – RIV) and the construction of more access roads in the urban suburbs have been vigorously pursued. This paper highlights the strength of these policies/strategies of the state government and their benefit to the people of the state now and in the nearest future. The paper also discusses these policy thrust in relation to the public-private initiative (PPI) in the construction of the first monorail project in Nigeria and the development of the Greater Port Harcourt City to reduce traffic congestion and increase intra city mobility. The paper holds that the achievement of an enhanced urban mobility of the city of Port Harcourt is not only based on the achievement of these policies but also on the institutional frameworks for the observance of traffic regulations and urban development policies by the citizenry. It concludes that the state government should as matters of necessity continue to develop adequate transport infrastructure that will link transport and town planning practices together.


With the rapid development of market economy and the reform and opening up,China's enterprises are faced with the hitherto unknown competition,the enterprise culture construction is getting more and more attention from domestic and foreign enterprises,the great role of enterprise culture in the modern enterprise management is increasing.In the background of the knowledge economy,the rapid development of modern enterprises cannot do without the enterprise culture foundation,an enterprise only to cultivate a good corporate culture,to make the material resources in the role of spiritual culture,realize the value maximization,optimization,and remain invincible in the fierce competition.This paper describes the important role of the modern enterprise culture in the construction.


Based on fuzzy mathematics,a novel fuzzy emtion recognition model is presented.The model is a new appli- cation field to fuzzy pattern recognition,the E-Learning system is implemented based on the fuzzy emtion recognition model and intelligent assistant agent.Moreover,intelligent assistant agent emotion's production and reaction are dis- cussed in the paper.This fuzzy emotion recognition model and intelligent assistant agent designed in this system inten- sifies the intlligenee of the whole system.


The attention of a small group of observers has been attracted to the clinical resemblance of certain ovarian conditions to ectopic pregnancy. The majority of cases recorded have dealt with the formation of a pelvic hematocele of ovarian origin, usually due to rupture and subsequent hemorrhage from a corpus luteum cyst. The most important ovarian conditions that may suggest ectopic pregnancy are: (1) a corpus luteum or follicular cyst; (2) torsion of the pedicle of a cyst; (3) rupture of a cyst with or without intra-abdominal hemorrhage; (4) ovarian hemorrhage, and (5) hemorrhage into a cyst. Judging from the literature, the last is infrequent, especially as regards its giving rise to symptoms suggestive of ectopic pregnancy. The exceedingly close simulation of ectopic pregnancy is well shown in the following instance: History. —Mrs. D., aged 28, secundipara, whose labors had been normal, the last one occurring fourteen months before, consulted me,


Recently, interacting between humans and machines has been considered as an important factor to develop industries. In this paper, a novel intelligent approach to improve productivity in industrial environments involving both workers and industrial robots is presented. The introduced approach contains an integrated combination of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and the inverse kinematics method named the Socialization of Industrial Robots (SIR). In this approach, staffs can control and justify robots based on environment conditions and their technical experiences. To evaluate and test the proposed method, a famous six-degree of freedom robotic manipulator called the Stanford University Arm is modeled and simulated in MATLAB. The results of simulation have demonstrated that the proposed approach can be counted as a practicable method to develop industrial systems.


In this paper, we consider an inhomogeneous fifth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation from Heisenberg ferromagnetism, which describes the dynamics of a site-dependent Hisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain. Based on its Lax pair, we study the determinant representation of the n-fold Darboux transformation (DT). Furthermore, by using the n-fold DT, we obtain the higher-order solitary wave, breather wave and rogue wave solutions of the equation, respectively. Finally, the dynamic characteristics of these exact solutions are discussed.


Objective: To study the significance of serum magnesium levels during COPD exacerbation and stability. Materials & Methods: The patient population consisted of all patients of COPD admitted as acute exacerbation as defined by the Anthonisens criteria, from June 2006 to may 2008. Same patients one month post discharge presenting to the OPD for routine check up as stable COPD served as controls. Results: A total number of 77 patients of COPD presenting as acute exacerbation were included in the study. The incidence of Hypomagnesaemia was 33.8% at admission; 5% at discharge and 4% at one month of post discharge in COPD patients. The mean serum magnesium levels were significantly lower in cases than controls (1.88±0.67mg/ dl V/S 2.3±0.36mg/dl; p<0.0001). Also, hypomagnesemia was present in higher number of cases (22/77, 33.8%) compared to controls, 3/75, 4.0%; (p<0.0001). Patients of COPD with acute exacerbation and hypomagnesemia, had longer duration of symptoms and had advanced stage III of COPD (p<0.001); and had raised mean corpuscle volume (p<0.045) and longer hospital stay (p<0.008). Conclusion: We conclude COPD exacerbation is associated with hypomagnesemia. The duration of symptoms of more than 8 days, advanced stage of COPD (stage III) and raised MCV were associated with hypomagnesemia. We recommend to monitor serum magnesium levels in COPD patients with acute exacerbation at the time of admission and during their stay in the hospital. J Med Sci.2009;12(2):


Pramipexole is a dopamine agonist used as a treatment in PD and restless legs syndrome to reduce motor symptoms, but it often induces impulse control disorders. In particular, patients with impulse control disorders tend to make more impulsive choices in the delay discounting task, that is, they choose small immediate rewards over larger delayed ones more often than patients without impulse control disorders and healthy subjects do. Yet the site of action of pramipexole that produces these impulsive choices remains unknown. Based on the heterogeneity of corticostriatal projections and the massive dopamine innervation of the striatum, we hypothesized that impulsive choices triggered by dopamine treatments may be supported by a specific striatal territory.


We prove the existence of "universally overconvergent" power series. I.e., i f O g R c o o , then there exists a power series P(z) which converges absolutely for |z| g R such that to every complex-valued measurable function /(z) there exists a subsequence of partial sums of P(z) converging to/(z) a. e. for |z| > R. In fact, the set of all such universally overconvergent power series is dense in the Banach space of all functions which are continuous on and analytic on the interior of the disc |z| furnished with the supremum norm. AMS-classification: 28-A20, 40-A30, 41-A10. 1. Statement of the results Consider a fixed real number 0 ^ R < o o and denote by a)JTfl= {Kn} a sequence of sets /C" c {|z| >/?} such that K I S K 2 S . . . , (1) Kn is connected, K" compact for η e Ν (2) b) Jf (jTr) the set of all functions / :  R such that for every sequence Jf R = {£"}"!?! and every feJCiJfg) there exists a subsequence n} / o o such that for Sn{z) 2 L. Tomm and R. Trautner "j = Σ akz the statements k = 0 S n ( z ) ^ ^ f ( z ) in \z\>R (5) Snj(z)^f(z)foralln= 1 ,2 , . . . (6) hold. The power series Ρ (ζ) in question is a "universal power series" for i) almost everywhere convergence in |z| > R ii) uniform convergence on every compact set Κ<= {z:|z| > R } where K is connected, iii) compact convergence on every open set G c= \z:\z\>R\ the components of which 00 are simply connected (note that any such G can be exhausted by K", G= {jK" for ι suitable X'R = {£"}, such that any compact K c G i s contained in a Kn). Clearly the limit function which can occur in i-iii must be measurable on Izl > R , ο Ο continuous on Κ and analytic on K, analytic on G respectively. This shows that the most general functions which may be admitted can be approximated in the suitable sense by the partial sums of P(z). Note that the power series P(z) does not depend on the class J f^ = {/£"}"=, but is universal for all such We remark that a slightly more general version of the theorem may be obtained by admitting A. that/(z) assumes the value oo on a certain subset of {|z| > R}, if almost everywhere and uniform convergence to oo is interpreted suitably; B. that snj(z) should by bounded, but almost everywhere divergent on a prescribed 00 measurable subset Μ c {|z| > R}\ LJ Kn n= ι The theorem stated above covers and generalizes results of Chui-Parnes [1], Luh [2] and Luh-Trautner [3]. The basic tool for its proof is the following supplement to Mergelyan's approximation theorem recently obtained by Tomm [4], Theorem A. Let be given a) any sequence JT = {K"}"®, satisfying (1, 2), b) any function/(z) satisfying (3, 4). Then there exists a sequence of polynomials \Qf z)) with rational complex* coefficients such that β;(ζ)—/(z) a. e. in C , (7) Qj(z)->f(z) uniformly on Kv for v = l , 2 , . . . . (8) 2. Proof of the Theorem Consider the set Γ of all polygons which run from the point R through a finite number of rational complex vertices to a rational complex number and from there radially to * By a rational complex number we understand a number of the form a + b-i {a, feeQ). A Universal Power Series for Approximation of Measurable Functions 3 infinity. Also consider the set Q of all polynomials with rational complex coefficients. Clearly Γ and Q and therefore Γ xQ are countable sets, e. g. Γχ<2 = {(γ", qn)i7"er, qn e ß , η ε Ν } . For n = 1, 2 , . . . we can find connected open sets Un such that y . s l / . c U { t : | z t | < i (9) zey" (. n j μ(ϋη)< 2 " " , ( 1 0 ) We define for η = 1, 2, . . . W" = Unn{z :R+-^\z\^R + n}. ( 1 1 ) η So the Wn are compact, their complements are connected. We now construct the power 00 series P(z)= Σ akz where the coefficients ak are determined by the following ink = ο ductive definition of the partial sums vn Σ a k z k : k = 0


There are topics that concern society on a narrow or wide scale, but ethics are permeated continuously throughout the society. Ethics is not only a discipline of practical philosophy examining the standards of human moral conduct, but in the professional level it is primarily a method of thinking and a sort of compass for the professional activity of an individual, in the dimensions of dignity, honour and conscience. It does not decide itself, but it provides opportunities for free choice of moral choice and voluntariness of action. Every field of human activity, and therefore also the field of health care, has its own moral imperatives, rules and norms, the observance of which is ensured primarily by conscience within the mechanism of self-reflection. We act in the background of conscience to preserve our moral integrity and honour, act so that we can respect ourselves and not lose the respect of others. It's not just expert knowledge, but above all an ethical human approach that makes a real and good health care professional. The reason for presenting our contribution is an outline of the current current discourse on medical ethics in the Czech Republic. Its source is the above-mentioned publication line, but above all the empirical practical experience of the author, reflected in the theoretical character of the article The open and still unresolved ethical dilemmas that doctors meet in their profession are many and for this reason the title of the article is conceived in the sense of an open name medical ethics in dimensions, respectively. in the dimensions of perhaps never ending ethical issues concerning health.


Compromised functional abilities in older adults with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) represent a significant burden to families and frequently lead to institutionalization. Contributing factors to this compromise are poorly understood.


In this study, we report for the first time the spectral and passive targeting features of Graphene Nanocrystals (GNCs) in biological cells. The analysis of the exposure of GNCs to histological specimen has been performed using fluorescence imaging. The nanocrystals have been exposed to rat animal models in a time and dose dependent manner, and lung tissues have been analyzed to demonstrate the enhanced permeability, retention effect and selectivity of GNCs in lung tumors.


The timing of the postnuptial moult was studied in the Willow Warbler, a long-distance migrant whose breeding grounds offer favourable conditions for a restricted period. Altogether 92 individuals were examined in southern Finland, including 21 males and 39, females whose exact stage in the breeding cycle was known. Both sexes started moulting independently of the breeding stage, females probably about 10-15 days later than males. The moulting rate seems to be slower in early moulting individuals than in later ones, differing both within and between sexes . The earliest moulters may be those whose nests are destroyed . In Finnish Willow Warblers adjustment to the short summer is achieved by a rapid rate of moulting and overlap between breeding and, moulting .


lem of standards of living. After following the fortunes of this family in the breakdown of their home and the efforts made to bring about their rehabilitation, the reader is prepared to enter more sympathetically and understandingly into the succeeding discussion of budgetary studies and the inequalities in the wealth and income of the various classes. Both the title of the book and the humanistic method of approach may convey the impression that the discussion is of a partisan nature, written in the interests of labor, but such is not the case. The authors have assembled facts from every possible source, from the ranks of capital as well as from the hosts of labor, from both governmental reports and private investigations. The facts are allowed to speak for themselves and are not used as evidence to bolster up partisan or preconceived opinions. The assembled facts, however, provoke thought, and the many questions for discussion and topics for investigation contribute to the same end. The volume is, in fact, a comprehensive and impartial discussion of a highly controversial problem. It bears the marks of sound scholarship and at the same time is set forth in terms which the ordinary student can understand. The authors state that the book is addressed primarily to students of the junior college; it is well adapted to such use. It will also meet a genuine need for concrete supplementary material in advanced courses in the social studies in high schools and academies. HOWARD C. HILL


If one modifies the Dirac equation in momentum space to $[\gamma^{\mu}p_{\mu}-m-\Delta m(\theta(p_{0})-\theta(-p_{0})) \theta(p_{\mu}^{2})]\psi(p)=0$, the symmetry of positive and negative energy eigenvalues is lifted by $m\pm \Delta m$ for a small $\Delta m$. The mass degeneracy of the particle and antiparticle is thus lifted in a Lorentz invariant manner since the combinations $\theta(\pm p_{0})\theta(p_{\mu}^{2})$ with step functions are manifestly Lorentz invariant. We explain an explicit construction of this CPT breaking term in coordinate space, which is Lorentz invariant but non-local at a distance scale of the Planck length. The application of this Lorentz invariant CPT breaking mechanism to the possible mass splitting of the neutrino and antineutrino in the Standard Model is briefly discussed.


Successful global treatment as prevention (TasP) requires identifying HIV‐positive individuals at high risk for transmitting HIV, and having impact via potential infections averted. This study estimated the frequency and predictors of numbers of HIV transmissions and bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition among sexually active HIV‐positive individuals in care from three representative global settings.


Interview with college professor Dr. Hiram Friedsam from Waco, Texas. In the interview, Friedsam discusses his experiences concerning the desegregation of North Texas State College.


In 1912, S.A. Kinnier Wilson (1877-1937) described the condition that now bears his name [1, 2]. As a neurologist, he was interested in the progressive deterioration of the nervous system seen with this condition, but the involvement of the liver and the familial clustering of cases also intrigued him. In the previous decade, Mendel's laws had been rediscovered and Garrod had interpreted alkaptonuria and other disorders as both inborn errors of metabolism and an expression of Mendelian recessive traits. Wilson disease was thought from early on to be recessively inherited from two heterozygous parents. Because of marked clinical variability within families, however, confirmation of this theory by pedigree analysis took more than five decades. The term used by Wilson, hepatolenticular degeneration, acknowledged the pleiotropic nature of the condition: It was presumed that the underlying cause of the disease had multiple effects on the phenotype. An explanation for the pathogenesis and pleiotropy of Wilson disease began to emerge in 1913, when increased copper deposition was found in the liver and, subsequently, in other affected organs. During much of this century, the extent of pleiotropy seen in Wilson disease has expanded, so that multiple organs and tissues must be scrutinized by the managing physician [3, 4]. For example, clinical diagnosis of Wilson disease is aided by the presence of Kayser-Fleischer rings in the cornea or azure lunulae in the fingernails. In Wilson disease, as in most metabolic diseases, effective treatment can evolve despite ignorance of cause as long as some aspects of the condition's pathogenesis are understood. In 1948, Cumings [5] demonstrated excess copper in the brain caused by Wilson disease and suggested chelation therapy. After trials showed that dimercaprol (BAL) and EDTA were difficult to administer and unacceptably toxic, Walshe [6] started a therapeutic revolution in 1953 by proving the efficacy of oral penicillamine in reducing total-body copper stores. Today, D-penicillamine remains the mainstay of therapy [7]; it is particularly effective when therapy is started before signs of organ involvement appear [3, 4]. Therefore, diagnosing the disorder at as early an age as possible is crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality. Because Wilson disease occurs in only about 2 to 3 persons per 100 000 and because no reliable biochemical marker exists in newborn infants, screening has been reserved for persons at high risk for the disease, such as sibs of patients. Confirmatory diagnostic tests have been problematic for both relatives of probands and patients who manifest only one of the features of Wilson disease. Determining copper levels in tissue, for example, requires a biopsy. Levels of serum copper and ceruloplasmin are often low but not invariably, and both levels can vary greatly among affected sibs. Incorporation of radioactive copper into ceruloplasmin is the best test [3], but this procedure is not routinely available. A test based on the underlying biochemical defect or analysis of the gene itself might prove both reasonably specific and sensitive. Until recently, however, no such test was available. In 1960, Bearn [8] examined the clinical course of patients with Wilson disease from eastern Europe and other regions. He concluded that genetic heterogeneity accounted for the phenotypic differences among some ethnic groups. Cox and colleagues [9] studied disease characteristics, such as age of onset, serum ceruloplasmin level, and urinary copper excretion, and supported genetic heterogeneity as one cause of variability of expression. One group in their study largely comprised persons of eastern European (that is, Slavic) ethnicity who tended to receive a diagnosis at an older age (in the third or fourth decade of life) and presented with neurologic signs. As was the case with alkaptonuria [10], it has taken much of the 20th century to achieve even a partial understanding of the pleiotropy and clinical variability of Wilson disease by discovering the defective protein and its genetic locus. Both of these inborn errors were found by using positional cloning. First, the gene was localized to a specific chromosomal region (13q21) by linkage analysis in affected families [11, 12]. The gene was then identified through demonstration that mutations were present in patients and carriers but not in unaffected persons [13, 14]. Molecular genetic investigations confirm that Wilson disease shows considerable genetic heterogeneity: More than 50 different mutations in ATP7B, a relatively large gene [13-15], have been found to cause Wilson disease [16-18]. Although only one gene is involved in Wilson disease, many different mutations cause various defects in its product, a copper-transporting adenosine triphosphatase. Much of the variability in Wilson disease among different families is due to the existence of different alleles and combinations of two alleles (intralocus genetic heterogeneity). Correlations of genotype with phenotype suggest that knowledge of the type of mutation may have prognostic importance. For example, mutations that result in the complete absence of the gene product are associated with development of liver disease at a particularly early age [16]. Many of the alleles are rare, but several have been detected in multiple, apparently unrelated patients. One of these mutant alleles, a single nucleotide alteration that results in substitution of glutamine for histidine at position 1069 (H1069Q, called position 1070 in earlier reports), occurs in almost one third of all patients with Wilson disease who are of European ancestry [16]. Persons who have two copies of this mutation (homozygotes) or one copy plus another mutant allele (compound heterozygotes) develop symptoms in their mid-teens, and either neurologic or hepatic disease may be more evident at presentation. Nonetheless, severity of disease varies considerably even among relatives who have the same genotype involving this mutation. Rapid and accurate detection of this mutation by a polymerase chain reaction-based test should facilitate many important clinical applications and further investigations. As Maier-Dobersberger and colleagues [19] point out in this issue, relatives of patients found to have the 1069 or any other mutation in ATP7B can be screened at an early age. If a relative is found to have the same genotype as the patient, presymptomatic institution of D-penicillamine therapy can be considered. As a corollary, relatives who do not have two mutant alleles can be reassured that they will not develop Wilson disease; if they are carriers, reproductive genetic counseling should be advocated. In addition, the basis of variability in expression among persons with the H1069Q allele can be studied, for example, by correlating phenotype with dietary copper intake, examining patient exposure to hepatotoxins or viruses, or searching for a modifying gene. The discovery of such a modifying gene could have several benefits. First, prognosis could be even more accurate because it would be based on a person's genotype at both loci. Second, therapy chosen on the basis of the activity of the product of the modifying gene might prove more effective than correcting the defect in ATP7B. Third, studies of natural history and new therapies (such as zinc or better chelating agents [4, 20]) can be stratified so that patients with specific mutations in ATP7B can be compared with each other and, as a group, with patients who have other mutations. Heterozygotes are invariably not affected by any features of Wilson disease; given the rarity of carriers (about 1 person in 100), there is little need to identify heterozygotes, except in inbred populations. Nonetheless, possessing one mutant allele at the ATP7B locus could potentially render a person more susceptible to liver, brain, or heart damage from other causes. The Wilson disease locus should become a useful candidate for investigations targeted at understanding the multifactorial causes of many common diseases. Reed Edwin Pyeritz, MD, PhD MCP-Hahnemann School of Medicine; Allegheny University of the Health Sciences; Pittsburgh, PA 15212


The letter contained biting criticisms of the neoliberal model of economic globalization and the model's application in Latin America. While admitting that economic liberalization seemed to be having some salutary effects at the macro level, their aim was to highlight the harm being done to the people in the region, especially the poor. In a Reflection that accompanied the letter, the Jesuit leaders expressly condemned aspects of the ideology underlying neoliberalism which are "incompatible with the Christian ideal":


The relevance of the topic of urbanization is due, on the one hand, to the total spread of these processes around the world, and, on the other, to the specifics of changes in national social systems as a result of these processes. Vietnam's artisanal villages have undergone significant transformations, which can be studied through the use of sociological theories that explain the nature of the ongoing transformations at the macro- and micro-level of the village as a social organization and community. The article examines the changing func-tions of artisan villages in the course of urbanization on the basis of structural-functional theory, the emergence of new and the transformation of traditional behaviors – using M. Weber's classification of actions. With the help of R. Park's theory, the positive and negative outcomes of the urbanization processes of Vietnamese artisanal villages are outlined. For instance, the urbanization of villages contributed to the growth of incomes of the population, increased employment and living standards, the ability to meet the growing needs of the popula-tion, but it led to a reduction in the number of households engaged in traditional Vietnamese artistic creativity, contributed to an increase in the migration of rural artisans to cities. reduced the area of agricultural land and seriously worsened the environment.


Paper industry is one of the key energy consumption industries in China. The coal and electricity consumption has been above 80% of the total energy for a long time. With the practical experiences of energy saving work during "Eleventh Five-Year" period and the development of foreign and domestic papermaking energy saving technology , the article proposes main energy saving technologies in the process of coal utilization in papermaking industry, that is black liquid alkali recovery, sewage sludge recycling and co-combustion with coal, step utilization of steam energy and combined heating, electricity and refrigeration production in owned coal power plants. The above energy saving technologies are analyzed using life cycle assessment (LCA) method. Based on SWOT analysis, the article describes the development strategy of energy saving technology in the process of coal utilization. The contribution of energy management, structural adjustment of energy saving, technical saving-energy methods to the fulfillment of energy saving task in the papermaking industry during "Twelfth Five-Year" period.


1) 4-Benzamido-6-chloro-3-pyridazinol (IV) was obtained from 4-amino-6-chloro-3-pyridazinol (III) by heating with benzoyl chloride under reflux in the presence of pyridine or nitrobenzene as a solvent. 2) 2-Phenyl-6-chlorooxazolo[5, 4-c]pyridazine (I) yielded (III) and (IV) on heating with sodium hydroxide solution and hydrochloric acid, respectively.


of Thesis The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is poised to play an important role in supporting national plans for renewable electricity generation. As distributed and centralized renewable electricity projects forge ahead, EPA must establish criteria for evaluating the environmental effects of electricity-related consumer products and ensure that future infrastructure projects are consistent with the mission of environmental protection. EPA authority and programs for evaluating environmental effects of electricity may need expansion in order to accomplish these goals.


Abstract. We prove that for any graph G of maximum degree at most ∆, the zeros of its chromatic polynomial χG(z) (in C) lie outside the disk of radius 5.02∆ centered at 0. This improves on the previously best known bound of approximately 6.91∆. In the case of graphs of high girth we can improve this. We prove that for every g there is a constant Kg such that for any graph G of maximum degree at most ∆ and girth at least g, the zeros of its chromatic polynomial χG(z) lie outside the disk of radius Kg∆ centered at 0 where Kg → 1 + e ≈ 3.72 as g → ∞. Finally, we give improved bounds on the Fisher zeros of the partition function of the Ising model.


We report the first measurements of photocurrent quantum yields for semiconductor/liquid junctions in the short-wavelength region of the spectrum (200-600 nm). The key feature of this wavelength region is the short penetration depth for the absorbed photon (less than 100 A), which allows measurement of the majority carrier collection velocity. Spectra have been obtained for semiconductor/liquid, semiconductor/metal, and semiconductor/insulator/metal junctions. For all semiconductors studied (n-Si, p-Si, n-GaAs, n-InP, a-Si:H), the spectral responses of the liquid junctions showed higher quantum yields than the metal junctions, indicating greater majority carrier losses at the metal junctions. This general trend was independent of redox species, solvent, supporting electrolyte, and metal overlayer. The spectral response data can also be used to distinguish Schottky barrier behavior from electrocatalytic behavior of metal overlayers, and this approach has been used to study several semiconductor/metal film junctions in contact with electrolytes.


This thesis consists of three self-contained essays about absenteeism.
Essay I analyzes if the design of the insurance system affects work absence, i.e. the classic insurance problem of moral hazar ...


Most contemporary accounts of new media imply an opportunity for users to participate in democratic activity. Such media are envisaged as a new democratic forum and are seen to offer the opportunity to enable new forms of political communication. This paper seeks to test the validity of such concepts in the context of the transition society of Croatia. First, the concept of political space is critically evaluated and defined. Second, the potential of new media to enable such space is examined with specific reference to a post-socialist society with rudimentary civic form. Old media were found to offer far greater opportunity for effective anti-systemic action in this particular situation. Such findings counter the dominant narrative of technology enabling civil society. Instead it is argued that the potential for development of new political space needs to be discussed within a local political, social and economic context.


To the Editor: Papillary lesions of the breast comprise a wide range of disease with respect to their clinical presentation, histologic appearance, and malignant potential. These lesions may be either benign or malignant (1). The management of benign papillary lesions diagnosed on core needle biopsy (CNB) remains controversial because of the potential for understaging disease due to sampling error. Some advocate surgical excision of all papillary lesions due to the potential upstaging to a malignancy while others support selective excision of lesions that only demonstrate malignancy or atypia on CNB (2–4). Malignancy rates after surgical excision of papillary lesions range from 3% to 39% (4,5). To our knowledge, there are no studies that specifically investigate racial differences in malignancy rates on surgical excision of papillary lesions diagnosed by CNB. We sought to determine the overall malignancy rate of papillary lesions excised after diagnosis by CNB and to examine whether there were racial differences in malignancy rates. Patients were included in this retrospective chart review if they had a CNB diagnosis of a papillary lesion and underwent subsequent surgical excision. Patients were divided by race into two categories: White and African-American. All CNB and surgical excision slides were rereviewed by a dedicated breast pathologist. Biopsies were categorized as intraductal papilloma, atypical papilloma/papilloma with ADH, or papillary lesion. The cohort consisted of 122 patients and the median age was 53 years. Of these patients, 62% were classified as White and 38% were African-American. The majority were postmenopausal (61%) with no known history of breast disease (54%). Forty-three percent of patients did not present with any symptoms at the time of their diagnosis. Mammographic abnormalities were detected in 74% of all cases. There were no differences in the clinicopathologic characteristics between the two racial groups. Nine cases were upstaged to malignancy on surgical excision (Table 1), resulting in an overall malignancy rate of 7.4%. There were no differences in malignancy rates between the two groups (p = 0.29). In the entire cohort, after adjusting for age, race, menopausal status, history of breast disease, laterality, presenting symptom, imaging modality, radiographic abnormality, and core biopsy diagnosis, there were no predictors of malignancy on excision. At the time of papilloma diagnosis, 13 (11%) women were diagnosed with a synchronous breast cancer. Synchronous cancer rates did not differ by race (p = 0.23). Ten (13%) White women were diagnosed with a synchronous breast cancer (5 contralateral: 4 invasive, 1 DCIS, 5 ipsilateral: 4 invasive, 1 DCIS). Of the African-American women, three (6%) were found to have a synchronous breast cancer (2 contralateral, 1 ipsilateral; all DCIS). Currently, papillary lesions diagnosed by CNB remain a challenging clinical dilemma as there is no consensus on the management of these infrequent lesions that demonstrate an incidence rate ranging from 0.73% to 4% (1,6). To our knowledge, race has not been specifically explored as a risk factor for malignancy. Rizzo et al. found an increased incidence (8.1% versus 1.8–2.0% in other reports) of benign papillomas in their study of 142 patients with a higher proportion of African-American patients (65%) in their study compared to other reports. They also found that African-American women were more likely to have multiple lesions. The authors hypothesized that ethnic origin disparity in the incidence of papillary breast lesions could explain the higher number of papillomas in their study (2). If their hypothesis is true and given the malignancy rates reported in the literature after surgical excision of papillomas, certain ethnic groups could be tarAddress correspondence and reprint requests to: Amanda L. Kong, MD, MS, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA, or e-mail: email@example.com


For [U.S.] males aged 18-19 and 20-24 the movement in college enrollment rates from 1948 to 1976 depended chiefly on the real income of males 45-54 cohort size and in the 1960-72 period the intensity of the draft; for females in the same age groups on the same real income and cohort size variables as for males plus a measure of the strength of the marriage market. Projections to 2000 of numbers enrolled for these four sex-age groups indicate a more optimistic outlook than is generally expected. These projections are based on census population projections and enrollment rates estimated from past relationships using known or assumed future values of the independent variables. (EXCERPT)


The nature of communication base stations entails the emission of non-ionizing radiation due to the presence of transmitting and receiving antennas mounted on them. When the values of charges are varied harmonically with time, antenna tend to release energy, which is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the antenna. Several government regulates the level of energy that an antenna can release to the environment. This study attempts to assess the compliance of communication providers with regulations and the underlying health implications of the variation in radiations with respect to distance from different base stations. Furthermore, the work adopted mathematical methods to analyze the radiation pattern around base stations from different communication networks. The study revealed the presence of high radiation level from all the base station in the studied area. Therefore, H-field tool is critical to radiation measurement from the RF base station because of its simplicity. The study concluded that agencies of government should put in place information and awareness-raising campaigns on the risks of potentially harmful long-term biological effects on the environment and on human health of radiation, especially targeting children, teenagers and young people of reproductive age.


PREVIEW In this second of two articles on treatment of type 2 diabetes, the authors discuss the addition of injection therapy to the failing existing oral regimen. A new option is exenatide, first in a new class of drugs called incretin mimetics. The use of once-daily and multiple injection insulin choices is also described.


quate carbohydrate was added to the diet. These observations illustrate the protein-sparing action of carbohydrate, later conifirmed experimentally, among others, by Rubner, wlho was able to maintain nitrogenous equilibrium on 33 grams of protein as long as the total calories equalled 2,000 daily. T'liis protein-sparing action is niot possessed by fats when fed alone, thougli fat and carbohydrate mixtures function fully as well as carbohydrate alone. The probleii of protein malnutrition is not encountered oiily during war and famine. Practitioners nieet it daily amiong poor and ignoraint people, and perhaps alnmost as frequenitly among the opinionated and ignorant followers of some dietary faddist or commercialized diet racketeer. Suffice it to say, then, that problems of protein nutrition will arise under conditions causing an insufficient intake or inadequate absorption of the protein or other foods, whenever the protein loss is abnormally large or there is reason to suspect that increased destruction of protein is taking place, or whenever the body is unable to replace the broken-down protein with sufficient speed. It will be readily apparent that the protein intake for normal nutrition and growth will vary with the age of the individual as well as with his size. Holt and Fales suggest 4 grams of protein per kilogram body weight up to one year of age, the requirement diminishing gradually, until at six years 2.6 grams per kilogram body weight is sufficient. The requirement may be more simply expressed as that protein contained in 2 ounces of milk (1.8 grams protein) for the first year, and thereafter 1.5 ounces of milk for each pound of normal body weight. Indeed this standard might be accepted as providing sufficient protein up to twelve, even fifteen years of age, when the requirements for growth diminish. During adolescence 0.9 ounces of milk should be adequate and 0.8 ounces therpafter would provide liberal protein for the adult. Milk, however, as a permanent diet has many obvious disadvantages whiell these calculations have for the moment ignored. It should furnish 100 per cent of the protein for the first four months of life and 90 per cent of the protein for the remainder of the first year. For the next seventeen years, 30 ounces of milk (27 grams protein) should be supplied, and thereafter a minimuml of 10 ounces of milk daily is desirable. 'I'his includes the ainounts used in cooking. The remaining protein may be obtained from other sources, but up to six years of age the diet should contain at least two-thirds of its protein in the formr of Grade A protein (meat, eggs, fish, fowl and dairv products). Thereafter, from 35 to 50 per cent of the protein intake should be Grade A, the remainder being derived from as wide a variety of sources as possible. From the Table it is simple to ascertain the approximate protein sufficiency of a diet. Thus one serving each of milk, eggs, and roast beef, with three servings of bread, contain 1,100 calories and 54 grams protein, four-fifths the protein requirement of the average man, and oveir 70 per cent of it is Grade A protein.


We present a technique that records transient changes in the fluorescence lifetime of a sample with spatial resolution along a one‐dimensional scan. The technique is based on scanning the sample with a high‐frequency pulsed laser beam, detecting single photons of the fluorescence light, and building up a photon distribution over the distance along the scan, the arrival times of the photons after the excitation pulses and the time after a stimulation of the sample. The maximum resolution at which lifetime changes can be recorded is given by the line scan period. Transient lifetime effects can thus be resolved at a resolution of about one millisecond. We demonstrate the technique for recording photochemical and nonphotochemical chlorophyll transients in plants and transient changes in free Ca2+ in cultured neurons. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:216–224, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


ABSTRACT IN commonly used tractor steering systems, the steered wheels cannot roll around a common center during steering. As a result, certain amount of lateral slip occurs whenever the vehicle turns. The lateral slip increases the rolling resistance and accentuates the tire wear as well as increasing the steering effort. Traditional graphical design methods for steering linkages are both tedious and inaccurate. A set of new equations for the design of steering linkages has been derived for optimum design. The effect of inaccuracy of the commonly used steering systems has been estimated on lateral slip. This lateral slip can be minimized by optimum design of linkage parameters.


New commercial anion exchange membranes (AEM) that show a reduced proton leakage have been specially manufactured for the recovery of acids. This study deals with the transport properties of the AEM in contact with sulfuric acid solutions. It is divided into two parts: (i) The equilibrium properties; i.e., the AEM are not submitted to any driving force. In this case, measurements of acid sorption, water content, sulfur self-diffusion flux, electrical conductivity, and data of Raman spectroscopy showed that the AEM cannot be accounted for by the classical, gel-phase model and that, on the other hand, inside the membrane material, only the charges of hydrogenosulfate ions balance the charges of the exchange sites. The apparent individual ionic mobilities are also calculated. (ii) The non-equilibrium properties; i.e., the AEM are submitted to an electrical driving force. In this, the measurements of unidirectional fluxes, allow the determination of the transport number of sulfate species. A proton transfer reaction between the weak basic exchange sites and the hydrogenosulfate ions is suspected to occur


Start End Topic Speakers 14:00 14:05 Introduction  Carlos D'Ancona 14:05 14:20 Radiology in the diagnosis of BPO  Matthias Oelke 14:20 14:35 What information urodynamic provides?  Mário Gomes 14:35 14:50 Drugs in the treatment of BPO  Carlos D'Ancona 14:50 15:05 Intraprostatic botulinun toxin  Ervin Kocjancic 15:05 15:20 Is it possible preserve bladder function?  Mário Gomes 15:20 15:30 TURIS: what are the advantages ?  Ervin Kocjancic 15:30 16:00 Break None 16:00 16:15 Is the LASER the gold standard of prostate surgery?  Matthias Oelke 16:15 17:00 Discussion All


With the proliferation of mobile and handheld devices, many applications have found their way into these devices. In order to process the applications on mobile systems, effectively and efficiently, optimized hardware-software architectures are needed. Our previous analysis illustrated that FPGA-based reconfigurable systems provide the most viable option to support application on mobile devices. However, computation models and application characteristics also play significant roles in determining whether FPGA-based reconfigurable hardware is indeed a good match for specific applications on a mobile or embedded platform. In this work, we investigate and present computation models and application characteristics that could potentially benefit from this hardware and discuss the how's and why's.


To understand how intelligibility occurs in discourses of scientific journalism, this paper observes the process of re-contextualization that transforms scientific papers in journalistic articles. We analyzed one paper written by a researcher from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) and the journalistic article that was written according to this paper and published in Boletim UFMG. The process of re-contextualization was observed according to categories created by Ciapuscio (1997). We realized that journalists use several strategies of re-contextalization to guarantee that their texts are understood by public and that texts more understandable help in the development of a scientific culture that gives citizens the power of critical thinking in scientific themes.


This is the first attempt to classify factors that are raised in the scientific literature concerning factors related to litigation success by organizations. It develops a three-part typology, suggesting that litigation success has been linked to the litigation resources of litigants (including the fact that they are "repeat players"), the political clout of litigants, and more general organizational resources.It then proceeds to test the relative weight of these three factors by studying abortion cases decided by federal district courts from January 22, 1973, the date of Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), to 1990. Specifically, the 126 organizational litigants involved in these cases completed surveys, which gathered information on all three factors. A general picture is that the federal courts were not responsive in post-Roe v. Wade abortion cases to the litigation-related resources of groups and even their repeat player status. Instead, court outcomes in abortion cases were linked to political factors, ...


In towns multiple layers of societies exist. These different societies although interdependent are conspicuously, not physically intertwined with each other. A heritage town is generally only identified by a certain era which dominates over other identities. Conservation measures are mostly directed at improvement of architectural fabric which would thereby lead to growth of tourism. The manifestations of the societies are many times not answered to and at times are further complicated by the intervention measures undertaken. In most of the cases stakeholders are left unanswered. Thus important parameters of sustainable development such as environment improvement, overall economic growth and sustained human development are left unanswered. The paper examines this with a case of heritage conservation in Tranquebar, Tamilnadu. Tranquebar also known as Taramgambadi (Land of singing waves) is a village in Tamil Nadu state of India. The town was once known for its Danish colonisation in the Early 1600's. Danish dignitaries, Muslim traders, German theologians, Moravian entrepreneurs, and sea merchants from all corners of the globe left an important mark on the local way of life. The 2004 Tsunami did much of the damage to its architecture (Tamil houses, Temples, Danish buildings, fishermen houses) and environment. By killing around 800 people, destroying houses, boats, losing land to sea and salinizing coast and water bodies; much money came in to restore the architectural heritage of the town, however not much is done to restore the natural environment. Also the priorities of the original residents were subsided to tourism. The paper identifies possible other conservation priorities of the town to restore the environment, community and landscape character of the town and their importance over others.


Abstract Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) secondary to chronic phenytoin intake for seizure control is a well-recognized phenomenon. Phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth (PIGO) usually resolves gradually following cessation of phenytoin intake. It is usually seen throughout the dentate regions of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches, but more severely affect their anterior portions exposed to atmosphere. We report a rare case of PIGO predominantly involving hard palate and floor of oral cavity, which has not been reported in English literature till date.


Abstract : This study identified policy options, analyzed the options, and provided observations for the short- and long-term direction of Army support to the national counter-drug effort. It will provide a basis for responding to initiatives assigned to the Army by statutory or policy directives. Key findings were to Implement Now five options: ensuring the USMA and all colleges offering ROTC programs are in the Network of Colleges Committed to the Elimination of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, expanding liaison with drug law enforcement agencies and host nation forces, expanding information sharing capabilities, expanding training on Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield and data correlation, and exposing civilian leaders to the Army drug program and its successes.


Reaction of phenylpropynehydrazide with dimethylmalonyl chloride furnished the corresponding 4,4-dimethyl-1-(3-phenylprop-2-ynoyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione, which upon thermolysis underwent a 6-endo-dig cyclization to a pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazine. The corresponding reaction of arylpropynehydrazides with monosubstituted malonyl chlorides furnished pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazine-7-ones via intermediates that could not be isolated.


A hydroxamic acid derivative is provided to induce the activity increase of each promoter of IDH3alpha and CPT1 involving with energy consumption metabolism, thereby being usefully used for preventing or treating diseases related to dyslipidemia such as obesity, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. A hydroxamic acid is represented by a formula(1), wherein R1 is CONH, NHCO, CONR4 or NR4CO(where R4 is H or C1-10 alkyl); R2 is -(CH2)n-(where n is 0 or 1); and R3 is H or C1-10 alkyl. A method for preparing the hydroxamic acid comprises the steps of: (a) reacting an anhydrous compound synthesized by reacting ethyl chloroformate with piperonic acid using pyridine or N-methyl morpholine as a solvent with methyl 4-amino benzoate or 4-amino phenyl acetic acid ethyl ester at a temperature of 10-20 deg.C using pyridine or N-methyl morpholine as a solvent to prepare a benzamide compound; (b) reacting the benzamide with an alkyl halide selected from the group consisting of bromomethane, bromoethane, bromopropane, bromo isopropane, bromo butane, and bromo tert-butane to substitute an amide bond of the benzamide with an alkyl group; (c) hydrolyzing methyl ester in the benzamide obtained from the step(a) or the benzamide compound obtained from the step(b) to prepare an acid and reacting the acid with ethyl chloroformate using pyridine or N-methyl morpholine as a solvent to covert the acid into an anhydrous compound; and (d) reacting the anhydrous compound with hydroxyl amine chloride or N-methyl hydroxyl amine chloride at a temperature of 0-10 deg.C using pyridine or N-methyl morpholine as a solvent to obtain the product of the formula(1). An agent for anti-obese, treating diabetes or hyperlipidemia comprises the hydroxamic acid.


This article raises the question of the prospects for the development of 5G networks in Russia, China, the United States and Europe. Currently, there are four distinct generations of cellular communication in the world and in Russia. The development of each subsequent generation of communication as technical and economic capabilities improved and the spread of dominant standards occurred approximately every 10 years. The research community and industry in general agree that in the future it is impossible to meet future mobile traffic demand and application requirements simply by evolving the current fourth generation architecture. Instead, there is a need for a significant overhaul of the mobile network system: such an effort is commonly referred to as the future fifth generation (5G) architecture, and large-scale initiatives have been launched around the world to address this issue. The research community has already invested a very significant effort in identifying new individual technologies. The fact that all new offerings are labeled 5G has created a lot of confusion about what 5G really is. The purpose of this article is to shed light on the current state of the definition of 5G architecture and trends in the required technologies in Russia, the United States, China and Europe. Key contributions are: (1) analyze the 5G requirements defined by various global initiatives, highlighting the similarities and differences in 5G network development in Russia, China, the United States and Europe; (2) discuss current technology trends showing that there is broad consensus on the key factors driving 5G development in these countries; (3) strive to understand the new concepts that need to be developed with assistive technology to meet the desired requirements.


This paper addresses a new decentralized framework for optimal operation of multi-microgrids (MMGs) in both normal operation and self-healing modes. For secure scheduling, two reliability-oriented indices are considered in self-healing mode. When a fault happens in a MG, the operation changes to the self-healing mode and the on-fault MG receives power support from other normal-operated MGs. The power support shares are calculated according to the reliability-oriented indices. The main idea is to equalize the power support shares with power exchanges among the MGs. In both normal and self-healing modes, the objective functions are to schedule the distributed generators (DGs) and the power exchanged between each MG for minimizing the operation costs. The proposed model is effectively linearized and implemented on a test MMGs system. The simulation is run over a 24-hour scheduling time horizon. Analyzing the results over some faulty scenarios verifies the impressiveness of the presented model.


The patient is an 87-year-old woman presenting with aMohs defect of the nose. She was diagnosed with lentigo maligna of the left nasal ala and underwent slowMohs resection, including 3 stages.Medical history was significant for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, squamous cell skin cancer, and melanoma. The patient had allergies to penicillin and sulfa and was therefore sent home with 1 week of clindamycin. The defect measured approximately 5 centimeters in diameter, involving the left nasal ala and adjacent cheek. The left nasal alar defect was full thickness (Figure 1). How would you reconstruct this defect?


In the internet age, various contents flood people's internet life, causing information redundancy, so performing more useful information extraction becomes an important task. Among the recommendation algorithms, the most common one is the collaborative filtering algorithm, which has the problem of data sparsity when performing matrix construction due to the poor relationship between users and items, which affects the effectiveness of recommendations. To address the data sparsity problem, the thesis proposes a collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm (KGCF) based on K-Means and GCN, which introduces K-Means and GCN, using the ability of K-Means to aggregate data and the ability of GCN to extract features in non-Euclidean space to obtain the hidden relationships between users and items, and populate the similarity matrix of users and items to alleviate the The paper uses the MovieLens dataset to improve the recommendation performance of traditional collaborative filtering algorithms. The paper uses the MovieLens dataset for comparison experiments, and uses MAE as the evaluation metric. The results show that this paper's algorithm is better than similar algorithms in solving the sparsity of collaborative filtering data.


In a case of splenomegaly, hemolysis with a subsequent acute failure of liver function followed a transfusion. The donor's blood contained an abnormal agglutinin active not only against the cells of the patient (who like him belonged to Group III) but also against cells of Groups I, II, and III. It behaved practically like the blood of a foreign species of animal.
 It can be inferred that: Donors whose serum agglutinates the cells of the patient (for example "universal" donors, Group I, for patients of Group II, III, or IV) are not necessarily safe.Hemolysis if it occurs is particularly dangerous in diseases of the liver and spleen.It is not enough in transfusion to depend on identity of groups. "Cross tests" of donor's and patient's serum on each other's cells must invariably be done. By this means the danger of hemolysis due to "sub-groups" or rare anomalies can be completely avoided.


A limit the total internal reflection and light loss, provides an improvement in the light emitting structure. An illumination device comprises an emitter that is electrically activated, and Rumiforikku material that is spatially separated from the emitter, disposed between the emitter and Rumiforikku material, and at least one peripheral edge wherein an optical element, a reflective material is arranged near the at least one peripheral edge, and / or at least one peripheral edge, not perpendicular to the face of the optical element, reflected light in the direction of the Rumiforikku material It is arranged to. The optical element for use with lighting apparatus including Rumiforikku material, includes peripheral edge, reflective material, disposed substantially parallel to the peripheral edge, and / or peripheral edge is not perpendicular to the face of the optical element It is arranged to reflect light in the direction of the Rumiforikku material. .FIELD 1


This paper describes a pipelined approach for CoNLL-09 shared task on joint learning of syntactic and semantic dependencies. In the system, we handle syntactic dependency parsing with a transition-based approach and utilize MaltParser as the base model. For SRL, we utilize a Maximum Entropy model to identify predicate senses and classify arguments. Experimental results show that the average performance of our system for all languages achieves 67.81% of macro F1 Score, 78.01% of syntactic accuracy, 56.69% of semantic labeled F1, 71.66% of macro precision and 64.66% of micro recall.


The Learning system in India is in a period of transition, with significant changes and reforms taking place across the board. With the use of information and communication technologies, this is now achievable. In all spheres of life, information and communication technology (ICT) have become widespread. The usage of ICT has radically transformed the practices and procedures of practically all forms of business and governance over the last twenty-five years. Education is a very social activity, and great education has always been associated with strong teachers who have a lot of one-on-one time with students. ICT in education allows for more student-centered learning environments. However, with the world rapidly shifting toward digital media and information, the function of ICT in education is becoming increasingly important. ICT in education allows for more student-centered learning environments. However, as the world rapidly moves toward digital media and information, the role of ICT in education is growing in importance, and this importance will continue to increase and develop in the twenty-first century. This study provides a literature analysis on the use of ICTs in education, which will benefit us in understanding the ICT aids that can assist stakeholders in delivering high-quality education. This paper will assist us in comprehending the notion of information and communication technology (ICT) and how it can benefit the teaching and learning process


The recent increase of immigrants and refugees arriving in South Korea has raised new challenges for the Republic of Korea (ROK) government, companies, local communities, and citizens. For churches and Christian ministries in South Korea, more foreigners has meant more contact with Christians and non-Christians from relatively unfamiliar countries. The most fundamental questions facing Korean Christians concern God's purposes behind the arrival of immigrants and refugees: for the new arrivals themselves, for Korean Christians' growth, and for possibilities of new gospel ministries. God is leading and using Korean Christians in their service to immigrants and refugees. God is also using the presence of more foreigners in South Korea to challenge Korean Christians to grow in various ways. This essay seeks to encourage Korean Christians in their service, as well as in their growth, through looking at a few examples of God's work among immigrants and refugees in other parts of the world.


The article analyzes the results of the study of subject virtual community of foreign countries, highlighted two aspects of communication in virtual community - social and technological, its components: strategy, goals, people, software environment, place, action and cooperation, technical and technological features, refined conceptual model of virtual community, defined the problem of virtual communities as a willingness to share knowledge with other members, four types of motivation collaboration in the community that we should know for collaboration in the community


and (2) evaluation of their effects on sheep peripheral blood mononuclear cells bio-responses after an in vitro inflammation challenge. Data obtained are promising for further application in veterinary medicine to control inflammatory-mediated damage


In this paper, we present exact solution of the Schrodinger equation for a system of A = N+1 identical particles with Non‐central interactions. Thus, after the choice Jacobi relative coordinates and at last hypercentral coordinates, Schrodinger equation reduction in to hyper‐central coordinates with one hyper‐radius variable ρ and 3N−1 hyper‐angular variables, ΩN(αi,ωi). Finally we have found exact solution of the hyper‐angular equations by the Nikiforov‐Uvarov method.


The study of humanoid robot soccer was getting popular among the community nowadays. Most of the researcher emphasizes the performance of humanoid robot soccer in the field, especially in object detection. The object detection needs to be light so that it can be implemented in real-time easily. In this paper, we will focus on the detection of white ball in the field using a modest algorithm by combining the CVblobs and Hough circle method (CBHM). In order to enhance the vision to detect a white object, the YUV color spaces have been chosen which is transform from RGB color space. This method implemented in real-time humanoid robot soccer called Barelang-Fc. The experimental results validated that the proposed method capable of detecting the white ball among of other colors balls in the field precisely.


Aphanomyces euteiches isolates were were recovered from Lockyer Valley, Queensland soils using pea and lucerne as baits. The isolates showed high levels of virulence on both pea and lucerne, and were mildly virulent on bean and chickpea. A range of disease reactions were observed when lucerne cultivars inoculated with A. euteiches. CUF-101 was the most resistant line, and cvv. Hunter River and Trifecta were the most susceptible. Further work is warranted to determine the role of A. euteiches as a factor in the poor establishment of Phytoplithora root rot resistant lucerne cultivars in Queensland.


A racem. 8,14-dihydroamurine is a new promorphinane alkaloid isolated from the aerial parts of Papaver nudicaule L. (Papaveraceae) of Mongolian origin. The known promorphinane and isopavine alkaloids (+)-amurine, (−)-amurensinine, (−)-O-methylthalisopavine, (−)-flavinantine and (−)-amurensine were also described. All structures were established by physical and spectral analysis. Flavinantine has been found for the first time in the species.


The term "energy efficiency" covers a wide scope and it is affected by a lack of clarity. To overcome this issue, quantitative measures should be defined and evaluated for each unit of product or process considered. These quantitative indicators are necessary to support and evaluate energy efficiency improvements in industry, by allowing to (i) monitor the energy performance, and (ii) perform benchmarking analyses with best available techniques or similar processes. The specific energy consumption (SEC), i.e., the amount of energy consumed per unit of product/output, is the most commonly used index. Because of the uncertain demand faced by companies, production processes run at a rate that can vary within a certain range, to which correspond a different utilization of plants. Energy efficiency investments can be categorized in accordance to how they affect the SEC: i.e., the first group of investments has the same effects for each production rate (e.g., replacement of dated electric motors with new technologies), while the other has different effects for different ranges of production rate (e.g., installation of an inverter). The present work proposes a novel decision model for supporting the evaluation of the more suitable energy efficiency investment in an industrial context where the demand is uncertain. A numerical example based on a case study from the aluminum industry is then proposed in order to highlight the relevance of the problem discussed and to evaluate the behavior of the models in different scenarios characterized by different load factors. From the results, it evinced that the return of the investment strongly depends on the range of production rate and, thus, on the demand variability.


According to the Diccionario critico etimologico castellano e hispanico , by Corominas & Pascual (1980: 906), the etymology of "flamenco" in its meanings of "flamingo" and "music and dance of Gypsy Andalusia" is "Flemish, native of Flanders" because of the supposed resemblance to the latter's ruddy and reddish complexion. However, a number of linguistic, historical, anthropological and musicological arguments persuade us to reject such explanation and propose an alternative one instead, based on the opposition homonymy/polysemy and on the meaning of the phrase 'flemish knife' in Andalusian Spanish.


Taking a welded T-joint as computing example,the forming mechanism of fillet weld's angle distortion was studied by combining thermal elastic plastic analysis with mapping strain component method.It is found that the main source of fillet weld's angle distortion is the inherent shear strain component eIxy but not the transverse inherent normal component.Besides,the magnitude of the angular distortion is closely related with the distribution form of eIxy.This paper put forward double paraboloid distribution model of eIxy basing on a series of numerical experiments on T-joints.


The 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) is used to provide continuous communication for the mobility based users with high data rate in 4G network. However, the security issues are of paramount importance and have been a recent research area in LTE. The desynchronization attack is one of the major security threats in LTE during handover key management that occurs when source node acts as a rogue base station in order to hijack the future session key. The paper addresses the vulnerability of desynchronization attack in 4G LTE and elucidates how the attack jeopardizes the communication. Also, the paper proposes a secured and efficient handover scheme in key management using identity based encryption to authenticate the participating principals in LTE before the node tries to communicate with the target base station. The scheme is validated using a model checker – AVISPA. The analysis of security and performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme provides an enhanced security and significant reduction in the communication cost for authentication and key generation in LTE.


A limit for interharmonics by utilizing the published limits on voltage flicker is proposed. The limit is presented as an interharmonic-magnitude versus interhar- monic-frequency curve and is called as interharmonic-flicker curve. The interharmonic-flicker curves based on the root- mean-square (RMS) and peak magnitude fluctuations are both derived, as incandescent and fluorescent lamps react differently to voltage RMS and peak fluctuations. The results reveal that the modulation impact of interharmonics on the RMS value is less significant than that on the peak value at high inter- harmonic frequency.


Water vapour is involved in many atmospheric processes. Precipitation specifically relies on the amount of precipitable water vapour (PWV) or the water vapour content suspended in the atmosphere.


This paper studied the photo - dissociation and photo - oxidation of CF2ClBr vapor at 253.7nm. The CF2ClBr - O2 system under photo - dissociation condition gives major products such as CF2O,Cl2,Br2, minor ones e. g. CO2 and SiF4. The dissociation of CF2ClBr is a first -order reaction and the corresponding rate constant is about 1.89×10-5 s-1. The apparent quantum yield of CF2ClBr is about unit. Based on the experimental results, the photo - dissociation process, the photo - oxidation mechanism of CF2ClBr and the change of CF2ClBr after being delivered into the stratosphere were discussed.


Gelatinases/type‐IV collagenases are metalloproteinases involved in some carcinoma invasion and metastatic processes. The exact cellular source of the 72‐kDa gelatinase A is controversial. We have analyzed the expression of mRNA coding for gelatinase A in vivo by in situ hybridization on breast‐cancer tissues. The mRNA for gelatinase A was present in fibroblasts. We have therefore evaluated the gelatinase‐A activity in vitro, in co‐cultures of different breast adenocarcinoma cell lines and human fibroblasts. In monoculture, none of the tumor cells tested produced detectable amounts of gelatinase A. The gelatinase‐A activity was enhanced in cultures of fibroblasts maintained in the presence of MDA‐MB 231 or SKBR3 cells, or their conditioned medium. This increased enzymatic activity was evidenced both in the culture medium and in the membrane fraction and was paralleled by enhancement of the steady‐state levels of mRNA. These results are an in vitro demonstration of a regulation of fibroblasts gelatinase‐A production by soluble factors secreted by breast‐tumor cells.


Despite the fact that the semen analysis has remained the cornerstone of the male infertility evaluation for decades, it has significant limitations. Among them are the inability to completely predict reproductive potential and the inability to analyze the fitness of individual sperm. There remains a real need for novel tests that can determine which interventions for male infertility are the most likely to result in a significant improvement in reproductive potential, to analyze the chance of success or failure with ART and to determine if there exists a sub population of sperm whose use could lead to optimal chances of success with fertility treatments. In this talk we will cover what the limitations of the current semen analysis are, what novel tests are available and delve into the impact of future technologies such as microfluidics, machine learning and others to optimize the diagnostic armamentarium of male fertility assessment. We will also focus on tools that could, potentially, non-invasively image sperm and report reproductive fitness while maintaining viability for ART.
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Introduction:
 Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a heterogeneous disorder whose pathophysiology remains poorly understood. To better understand the heterogeneity of PPCM, we used latent class analysis (LCA) to explore the different clinical phenotypes in a large sample of PPCM patients.

 Methods:
 Using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, we identified 917 patients admitted to hospitals in 2017-2019 with a primary diagnosis of PPCM. We performed LCA based on 8 risk factors: age (< 30 vs > 30), race (African American (AA) vs non-AA), hypertension in pregnancy (HIP) (preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, or chronic hypertension), diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, tobacco use, cannabis use, and psychiatric disorders (anxiety, depressive, bipolar, or schizophrenia spectrum disorders). We then compared in-hospital outcomes among the different clusters identified by LCA. Data were analyzed using Stata version 17 for descriptive analysis and Mplus version 8.8 for LCA.

 Results:
 Four patient clusters were identified. C1 (n=471, 51.4%) had no AA or cannabis users and members had the lowest probability of having HIP (0.387), DM (0.27), and obesity (0.17). C2 (n=328, 35.8%) were all AA who did not use cannabis and had the lowest probability of using tobacco (0.076), and having psychiatric disorders (0.084). C3 (n=31, 3.4%) was the youngest group all of whom used tobacco and cannabis and had the largest probability of having psychiatric disorders (0.484). On the other hand, C4 (n=87, 9.5%) was the oldest group none of whom used cannabis but members had the highest probability being obese (0.664), having HIP (0.825), and DM (0.642). Among all clusters, C3 had the lowest in-hospital mortality (0.0%) and hospital charges ($57,357). C4 had the highest in-hospital mortality 1.1% and longest hospital length of stay (5.4 ± 7.0 days).

 Conclusions:
 Using LCA, we identified four clinically distinct classes PPCM with varying in-hospital outcomes. These may reflect different additional underlying mechanisms in PPCM. Our findings may help identify treatment targets and patient selection for future clinical trials.


The invention discloses a torque sensing system for bottom brackets of bicycles, which comprises a torque sensor, a wireless signal transmitter and a wireless signal receiver, wherein the torque sensor is arranged at a bottom bracket for bicycles, and the wireless signal transmitter and the bottom bracket are relatively fixed; the wireless signal receiver is arranged at a fixed position (near the bottom bracket) of a bicycle body, and the wireless signal transmitter is used for receiving sensing signals transmitted by the torque sensor, and then sending the sensing signals to the wireless signal receiver in a non-contact mode, so that the sensing signals are difficult to attenuate or lose in the process of transmission, therefore, torques provided for a bicycle by a rider can be sensed accurately.


Introduction. Let A = Aq be the annulus with parameter q ∈ (0, 1): Aq = {λ ∈ C; q < |λ| < 1}. Let C,K, and P be the Caratheodory, the Kobayashi, and the P-metric on A, respectively (for the definition of P see Section 1). Since all the metrics C,K, and P are invariant for biholomorphic mappings and since A is one-dimensional, the functions CP(λ) := C(X)/P(X) and KP(λ) := K(X)/P(X) for X a non-zero holomorphic tangent vector at λ ∈ A are well-defined as functions on A and invariant for holomorphic automorphisms of A. The main purpose of this paper is to show the following. Theorem A. Let r ∈ (0, 1) be defined by


Abstract : The primary objective of this work is the development of accurate, and computationally efficient, reduced-physics acoustic propagation models for the prediction of the statistics of ocean acoustic signals in both shallow and deep-water environments. Examples of acoustic field statistics of interest are mean intensity, coherence, and intensity variance. The focus here is primarily on the Philippine Sea, and the SW06 site off the New Jersey coast, since these are the most recent and complete data sets. Reduced physics models are important not only because they are computationally efficient but also because they elucidate the relevant space-time scales of ocean variability affecting acoustical fields. This knowledge allows for more focused study on those oceanographic processes that will have large acoustical influences. Therefore centrally related to the primary objective of this research is an effort to characterize ocean sound-speed variability, and develop ocean models that can be easily assimilated into acoustic fluctuation calculations. In the Philippine Sea, models of eddies, internal tides, internal waves, and fine structure (spice) are needed, while in the shallow water case a models of the random linear internal waves and spice are lacking.


This article manages the standardization and manages the modern age changes into the goal, the establishment "the level-to-level administration" the management system and the movement mechanism, constructs the quality to guarantee the system and the teaching support service system two roughly is ——"the double safeguard" the teaching management pattern characteristic and should pay attention item.


An Environmental Preservation Centre (EPC) was established to resolve the solid waste management crisis of Nawalapitiya Urban Council. Material Recovery Facility (MRF), Inclined Step Grate (ISG) composting system of 5.5 tonnes/ day capacity, screening, storage and residual landfill, the total area covered by the fence including buffer zone are the major components of the EPC. After separating recyclables at the MRF, the remaining biodegradable is fed in to ISG system. Residual landfill is designed for inert materials that are remaining after the MRF and composting facility operations. MRF and ISG system are already constructed and currently initiated the operations. This is technically and financially feasible sustainable approach for protecting the environment and posterity.


Background: Crohn disease is characterized by up‐regulated intestinal inflammation mainly caused by increased tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) levels. However, the complement system (C) may also have a role in maintaining inflammation. Methods: Plasma from 26 patients with Crohn disease complicated by fistulizing ano‐rectal disease was collected before and after three Infliximab infusions (5 mg kg −1 ). Results: Before treatment, the C3‐activation capacities (C3‐AC) in plasma from patients with Crohn disease were comparable with values obtained from healthy controls. The classical C pathway‐mediated C3‐AC, mannan‐binding lectin C4‐AC, leucocyte count, C‐reactive protein concentration and Crohn Disease Activity Index decreased significantly 8 weeks after the first infusion of Infliximab (P < 0.04, Wilcoxon test). Conclusions: Before treatment, all three C pathways were within the normal range in plasma from patients with Crohn disease; the decrease observed in the classical pathway‐mediated C3‐AC after treatment with Infliximab reflects a general down‐regulation in immune activation.


. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between organic and inorganic substances in the recently observed pollution in the Sea of Marmara. The heavy metal analysis results of the sediments taken from the sea were interpreted by quality assessment methods. Polluted spots are the sea areas adjacent to the Gemlik and Bandırma locations and the areas where wastewater is discharged into the sea. Organic matter and elemental analyses of marine waters taken from streams (Nilüfer Çayı and Gönen Çayı) which are thought to carry pollution loads into the sea and from the points where they are poured into the sea revealed that their concentrations are very high. Analysis results of drilling and gravity core samples taken from the study area show that organic materials accumulate more in the sediments of the current period than in the old periods. In the current period, the primary sources of pollution in the Sea of Marmara are domestic and industrial wastewater discharged directly or indirectly into the sea. Secondary sources are ship traffic and agricultural activities. In addition, we observed that the main causes of eutrophication and mucilage, which are observed frequently in the Marmara Sea, are organic matter and heavy metal pollution. Morphological changes are frequently observed in foraminifera members located in locations where heavy metals are concentrated.


This research presents the development and conception of a new compact grounded coplanar waveguide fed slotted rectangular planar antenna with a multi-frequency band for radio frequency identification data (RFID) reader applications which is based on the antenna mono-band frequency to use for a various applications RFID to support a different operating range. The optimized of the final prototype designing operates a multiple frequency bands ranging from 0.7-1.1 GHz, 2.2-2.5 GHz and 5.4-6 GHz for 0.9/2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz RFID operation bands which is adapted from ultra-high frequency band (0.9 GHz) to microwave frequency band (2.4-5.8 GHz) RFID systems. This antenna is implemented and printed on a FR4 substrate with a size of 30×50×1.6 mm3. The novel prototype includes of a radiator rectangular patch with a symmetrical slot and a U-slot with I-stub on ground plan. The principles parameters of the antenna have been studied optimized and miniaturized by using a two simulators CST Microwave Studio and advanced design system (ADS) to validate the simulation results before the planar antenna realization. The final structure is achieved and validated of the results measurement. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna with a small size has good and stable radiation and thus promising for a various RFID applications.


Recent advancements in environmental perception for autonomous vehicles have been driven by deep learning-based approaches. However, effective traffic target detection in complex environments remains a challenging task. This paper presents a novel dual-modal instance segmentation deep neural network (DM-ISDNN) by merging camera and LIDAR data, which can be used to deal with the problem of target detection in complex environments efficiently based on multi-sensor data fusion. Due to the sparseness of the LIDAR point cloud data, we propose a weight assignment function that assigns different weight coefficients to different feature pyramid convolutional layers for the LIDAR sub-network. We compare and analyze the adaptations of early-, middle-, and late-stage fusion architectures in depth. By comprehensively considering the detection accuracy and detection speed, the middle-stage fusion architecture with a weight assignment mechanism, with the best performance, is selected. This work has great significance for exploring the best feature fusion scheme of a multi-modal neural network. In addition, we apply a mask distribution function to improve the quality of the predicted mask. A dual-modal traffic object instance segmentation dataset is established using a 7481 camera and LIDAR data pairs from the KITTI dataset, with 79,118 manually annotated instance masks. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing instance annotation for the KITTI dataset with such quality and volume. A novel dual-modal dataset, composed of 14,652 camera and LIDAR data pairs, is collected using our own developed autonomous vehicle under different environmental conditions in real driving scenarios, for which a total of 62,579 instance masks are obtained using semi-automatic annotation method. This dataset can be used to validate the detection performance under complex environmental conditions of instance segmentation networks. Experimental results on the dual-modal KITTI Benchmark demonstrate that DM-ISDNN using middle-stage data fusion and the weight assignment mechanism has better detection performance than single- and dual-modal networks with other data fusion strategies, which validates the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method. Meanwhile, compared to the state-of-the-art instance segmentation networks, our method shows much better detection performance, in terms of AP and F1 score, on the dual-modal dataset collected under complex environmental conditions, which further validates the superiority of our method.


Objective: Evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of triple-bead mixed amphetamine salts (MAS) in ADHD. Method: Adults with ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) total scores ≥32 were randomized to 6 weeks of triple-bead MAS (25, 50, or 75 mg) or placebo. The primary endpoint was ADHD-RS-IV total score change from baseline at end of study (EOS). Results: Least squares mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) treatment differences for ADHD-RS-IV total score changes from baseline to EOS significantly favored triple-bead MAS (all doses combined: −10.6 [−13.2, −8.0]; p < .0001); there were no significant differences between triple-bead MAS dosages. The most frequently reported TEAEs with triple-bead MAS (all doses combined) included insomnia, decreased appetite, and dry mouth. Mean ± SD pulse and systolic blood pressure increases at EOS were 3.5 ± 10.33 bpm and 0.3 ± 10.48 mmHg with triple-bead MAS (all doses combined). Conclusion: Triple-bead MAS significantly reduced adult ADHD symptoms; the safety profile was consistent with previous triple-bead MAS studies.


Nonvolatile memory technology is evolving continuously and commercial products such as FeRAM and PRAM are now appearing in the market. As Nonvolatile-RAM (NVRAM) has properties of both memory and storage, it can store persistent data objects while allowing fast and random access. To utilize NVRAM for general purpose storing of frequently updated data across power disruptions, some essential features of the file system including naming, recovery, and space management are required while exploiting memory-like properties of NVRAM. Conventional file systems, including even recently developed NVRAM file systems, show very low space efficiency wasting more than 50% of the total space in some cases. To efficiently utilize the relatively expensive NVRAM, we design and analyze a new extent-based file system, which we call NEBFS (NVRAM Extent-Based File System). We analyze and compare the space utilization of conventional file systems with NEBFS


With the rapid development of Internet,network security technology recently excites much interest in academia and industry. By tracing and locating the source of network intrusion,IP traceback technology helps defender take targeted defensive measures,and enable to carry out the countermeasures to the attacker,collect information for cyber forensics. This paper firstly introduces the basic method of IP traceback,then describes GBF( Generalized Bloom Filter) and its application in packet marking. After that,IP traceback system based on GBF is designed and implemented. Experimental results indicate that the system could successfully reconstruct attack path. Finally,this paper summarizes the work that has been done and proposes the research direction in future.


A knowledge of judicial and administrative structure plays a vital part in understanding the government and politics of any society. In a Communist society, the administrative apparatus plays an important role, not only in controlling the society but also in implementing Party and government directives. To fully understand the government and politics of North Korea, it may prove helpful to investigate the administrative structure by which the North Korean leaders control the society and remain in power. After a decade and a half of political rule, these North Korean leaders are faced with constant social changes and rising pressures from below. The relations between political power and political institutions, between political ideal and social reality, between the formulation and implementation of policy, have in fact been a major ideological concern for North Korea's administrators, a preoccupation they share with the leaders of other Communist societies. The amount of information made available about the North Korean judicial and administrative system has been scanty at best. This article therefore is exploratory and not definitive in nature. By utilising the materials that are available this article attempts to present North Korean views and attitudes about law and administration, and to describe the institutional framework in which the legal and administrative apparatus functions; at the same time it also attempts to examine the Soviet and Communist Chinese impact on the development of North Korea's administrative system.


This short contention discusses the role of sustainable technology within the energy transition to address climate change. It argues that the current modes of expanding sustainable or renewable energy technologies and associated infrastructures by profit-driven developers in the Global North provide limited socio-ecological fixes to environmental crisis, while largely reproducing the political-economic status quo of fossil capitalism. The fetish of technological fixes to address socio-ecological and socio-economic problems is illustrated with the author's reflections about personal experiences in a techno-scientific research environment. The article points to the necessity to rethink the ontology of technology in order to overcome techno-managerial shortcomings of socio-ecological fixes that hamper both transdisciplinary research and thorough socio-ecological transformations. For that purpose, Ernst Bloch's concept of alliance technology is briefly introduced.


Introduction 214 I. Background 219 A. The History of the Federal Reserve System 220 B. The History of FOIA and the Development of Agency Status 223 1. The legislative history of FOIA 225 2. The courts grapple with defining agency under FOIA using independent, governmental authority to determine agency status 227 3. After defining an entity as an agency, courts analyze the applicability of FOIA exemptions to the information the agency seeks to withhold 230 C. The Courts Have Not Resolved Whether the Federal Reserve Banks are Agencies Under FOIA 232 II. The Federal Reserve Banks are Government Agencies, and Therefore Subject to FOIA 234 A. The Banks are Independent from the Executive and Exercise Governmentally-Related Authority in a Manner Sufficient to Qualify Them as FOIA Agencies 235 1. The Banks exercise authority independently of the executive 236 2. The Soucie test demonstrates that the Banks' lack of rule-making authority does not preclude the Banks from agency status 239


NO2 adsorption on activated carbons at ambient temperature was studied. The adsorbed species after various adsorption times were examined by analyzing the evolution of NO, NO2, CO, CO2, and O2 during thermal desorption. Emission of NO but not NO2 was observed during the early stage of NO2 adsorption. From the nitrogen and oxygen balance data, we conclude that NO2 adsorption involves the reduction of NO2 to NO driven by oxidation of the carbon surface. The formed NO is either adsorbed on the carbon surface or released as exhaust gas depending on the surface conditions. The adsorbed NO species are released along with O2 and a small amount of CO2 and CO at temperatures below 150 °C during heating. NO2 becomes stable when the carbon surface has been extensively oxidized.