The study aimed at determining the roles and contributions of autoantibodies, alcohol and viral agents in various liver diseases among Nigerians. 126 patients with liver diseases and 82 apparently healthy controls were studied. Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA), Antimitochondrial Antibodies (AMA), perinuclear Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (pANCA), anti-Soluble Liver Antigen/Liver Pancreas (anti-SLA/LP) and anti-Liver–Kidney Microsomal-1 (anti-LKM-1) as well as Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis Be Antigen (HBeAg), antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), as well as HBV-DNA were analysed using ELISA. About 75% were males with mean age of 47.5±14.4 yrs. Cases consisted of 61% Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), 25.4% Liver Cirrhosis (LC), 7.9% Chronic Hepatitis (CH), 3.2% Acute Viral Hepatitis (AVH) and 1.6% Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC). 51.3% consumed significant alcohol. No difference in percentage or level of ANA among cases and controls. AMA was detectable in 60.3% of cases compared to 43.9% of controls, and one case and one control were positive for anti-LKM-1 while all subjects were negative for anti-SLA/LP and pANCA. Anti-HBc was detected in 93.7% of cases and 73.2% controls. HBsAg, HBeAg anti-HBe and anti-HCV and HBV-DNA were significantly higher in cases than controls. AMA was significantly higher in CH and HCC compared with controls. HBsAg was significantly higher in HCC compared to controls and other liver cases. HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc, anti-HCV and HBV-DNA were significantly higher in CH, LC and HCC compared to controls (p < 0.05). There were 53 genotype E and two genotype A in cases, with genotype E in one control. Prevalence of autoantibodies to liver antigens is similar in individuals with or without liver disease and, therefore not reliable in predicting autoimmune liver disease. HBsAg, anti-HBcAg, anti-HCV and HBV-DNA were strongly associated with liver disease. HBV genotype E is predominant in Nigeria. keywords: Autoantibodies; Viral Markers; Liver Disease Nigeria Introduction Viral hepatitis, alcohol, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and autoimmune phenomena top the list of acquired aetiological agents of liver disease worldwide [1-3]. Several studies in the developed world have delineated the contributions of each of these agents in the causation of liver disease [1-3]. However, in sub-Sahara Africa and in Nigeria in particular there have been only a limited number of studies evaluating in a composite manner, the direct contribution of these identified major aetiologic agents of liver disease. Most of the studies considered isolated aetiological agents of liver disease with more emphasis on viral hepatitis B and C, and specifically none has yet examined the contribution of autoimmune liver diseases [4,5], save for an isolated case report of an autoimmune liver disease in a Nigerian woman [6]. 155 Relative Rarity of Autoimmune Liver Disease Compared with Viral Hepatitis in A Sub-Saharan Black Population Citation: Jesse A Otegbayo., et al. "Relative Rarity of Autoimmune Liver Disease Compared with Viral Hepatitis in A Sub-Saharan Black Population". EC Gastroenterology and Digestive System 1.5 (2016): 154-168. In developing countries, most of the studies on viral hepatitis are limited to hospital based serological markers conducted on few sample sizes due to cost, unavailability of manpower and sufficiently equipped laboratories, thus making it challenging to study the molecular markers of viral hepatitis. Knowledge of the individual and combined contributions of the various risk factors of liver diseases in our environment will certainly help clinicians and epidemiologists to direct scarce resources and energies in the right direction. Our study evaluated individual and combined contributions of viral hepatitis, alcohol and liver-related autoantibodies among patients with a spectrum of liver diseases and controls, in order to establish the significance of these risk factors in the aetiogenesis of liver diseases in our environment. Materials and Methods A prospective, cross-sectional case-control study was carried out over a twenty-four-month period after an ethical approval (IRC Protocol number UI/IRC /07/0027) and informed consent among patients with liver diseases and apparently healthy control at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. One hundred and forty-five consenting adults aged 18 years and above diagnosed with acute or chronic liver disease at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria were recruited into the study. Liver disease was diagnosed in patients using a combination of clinical, biochemical, radiological and when possible histological features. Eighty-two control subjects were drawn from apparently healthy relations of patients, patients with diseases unrelated to the liver, such as hypertension, unremunerated blood donors, administrative, medical and nursing staff of the hospital with no known clinical or biochemical features of liver disease. Biodata, history of hepatitis B immunization, tribe, smoking, alcohol and HBV-specific drug history, educational level, past medical history of jaundice and family history of liver disease were collected by researcheradministered questionnaire. Sera of the patients and controls were transported on dry ice during an overnight flight to the Institute of Immunology, Laboratoire de Sante, Luxembourg, where they were analysed for HBsAg, total Anti-HBc, Anti-HBe, HBeAg with third generation ELISA kits (ABBOT Murex, Germany) while IgG Anti-HCV was analysed using third generation ELISA kit (Ortho-Clinical diagnostics, Inc. UK), HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA were detected according to the manufacturer's protocols. Briefly, HBV DNA extraction was carried out from 200ul of serum with the QIAamp spin column (QIAamp viral DNA minikit, QIAgen Inc. Germany) according to the manufacturer's specification. The extracted nucleic acid was eluted in 100 ul elution buffer and the extracted DNA was kept at –25°C till used for molecular characterization. Quantification of viral DNA was carried out by 5' nuclease real time polymerase chain reaction on an ABI 7500 SDS Fast Real-Time PCR system (Applied Biosystems). Amplification of positive and quantifiable samples on the preS and S regions was done on Opticon Engine2 (Biorad) as described previously by Olinger., et al. [7]. Similarly, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), Antimitohondrial antibodies (AMA), perinuclear Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA), Liver Kidney Microsomal antibodies (Anti-LKM-1) and anti-soluble liver antigen (Anti-SLA-LP) were assayed, using the ELISA technique (Aeskulisa GmBH) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Sera of the control subjects were similarly analysed except for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) for which only 107 cases and 67 controls were analysed due to insufficient volume of some samples. Nineteen of the liver disease patients' samples were not suitable for analysis and were discarded. The report of this study was therefore based on the 126 patients and 82 controls. To determine the Hepatitis B genotype, phylogenetic trees were constructed with the MEGA 3.1 software, using the neighbour-joining and Kimura 2 parameter method and including reference strains of genotypes A–G and all known A and D subtypes. Sequences were submitted to GenBank/ EMBL/DDBJ under accession numbers AM110794–AM110915 for the pre-C/C gene and AM180623–AM180628 for the complete genome and preS segment sequences. Data were analysed using relative frequency, odds ratio, Pearson's Chi square, Fisher's exact test and Students' t-test at 5% level of significance.


This paper presents a new algorithm of disparity map estimation. The originality of this method lies in the process of dense disparity map estimation using dynamic programming constrained by interest points and using the higher order statistics (HOS) criteria for matching noisy images. Experiments with noisy real images have validated our method and have clearly shown the improvement over the existing ones. The dense disparity map obtained is more reliable when compared to the similar second-order statistics (SOS)-based dynamic programming and HOS-based correlation methods.


The article develops a semiotic view on modality in a language trying to build a gradual hierarchy of modalities comprising two levels – the referential and the pragmatic one. Each modality level is based on an antinomy of categories graduating modality depth 1) between the reference and the predication or 2) between the communicative address and the author, respectively. Generally, any modality means an attenuation of the sign's reference and a reinforcement of the authorial acquisition of the sign. Articles, deictic pronouns, verbal tenses and moods are the markers of modalities in Portuguese.


A psoralen-oligonucleotide conjugate was designed to photoinduce a cross-link at a specific sequence of c-fos oncogene. Psoralen was attached to its C-3 position of a 20-base mer oligonucleotide, which binds to a synthetic 49 bp duplex containing the c-fos gene polypurine site, where it forms a triple stranded DNA. Upon near-UV-irradiation, the two strand of DNA are crosslinked at the TpA step present at the triple-duplex junction. Results show that the yield of the photoinduce cross- linking reaction is quite high. We treated HeLa cells with above 2-mer oligonucleotide conjugated to psoralen. The expression of c-fos oncogene was significant reduced, no significant effect on the level of c-myc mRNA. These data indicate that such psoralen- oligonucleotide conjugates could be used to selectively control gene expression or to induce sequence-specific damages.


: Cyber defenders need automation tools that are intuitive, trustworthy, non-intrusive, and reusable. The Behavior-extracting Autonomous Resiliency Toolkit (BART) is such a tool. Its architecture combines existing results and AI techniques including workflow learning, mutli-agent frameworks, knowledge representation, and inference. A user study demonstrates that BART significantly shortens the required time to execute a cyber defense. The study also revealed three types of errors that an automated tool such as BART could prevent: typographical/syntax, procedural, and "hidden." We also describe an emerging application of BART.


In this work, a novel method based on square wave voltammetric determination of pentacyclic triterpenes (oleanolic and ursolic acids) at an unmodified glassy carbon electrode in plant material after chromatographic separation was developed. In a solution of sodium hydroxide, the calibration graphs were linear from 0.02 to 3.0 ng L−1 for oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) with correlation coefficients (R2) equal to 0.9958 and 0.9963, respectively. The detection and quantification limits were 0.0075 and 0.025 ng L−1 for OA, and 0.0082 and 0.027 ng L−1 for UA, respectively. The separated HPLC fractions of the triterpenes were analyzed by square wave voltammetry (SWV) at a glassy carbon electrode for OA or UA quantification in the extract of flowers of Sambucus nigra L. and OA in the extract of Viscum album L. The obtained contents of OA and UA by the proposed voltammetric method overlapped with those obtained using HPLC coupled with a photodiode array detector (DAD).


Objective
To investigate the effects of resveratrol on the first and double oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) primary cortical neuron silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and ATP content, and its possible neuroprotective mechanism.

Methods
Cortical neurons were taken from the embryos of 18-day Wistar rats. An in vitro repeated ischemia model was induced by the double OGD after the success of primary culture. Trypan blue staining was used to detect the cell survival rate. Western blot was used to detect the SIRT1 and phospho-AMPK expression. Deacetylase fluorescence assay was used to detect the SIRT1 activity. Bioluminescence assay was used to detect the ATP content.

Results
Compared with the control group, resveratrol (0.5 μmol/L) preconditioning significantly increased the survival rates after the single and double OGD (all P<0.001), ATP content (all P=0.004), SIRT1 activity (single: P=0.001; double: P=0.002), and the expression levels of SIRT1 (single: P=0.029; double: P=0.023) and phospho-AMPK (all P=0.001).

Conclusions
Resveratrol has the neuroprotective effect for the first and double OGD cortical neurons. Its mechanism may be associated with upregulating the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathways and decreasing the energy requirements.

Key words:
Neurons; Cells, Cultured; Oxygen; Glucose; Stilbenes; Sirtuin 1; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Resveratrol


Under the condition of poor effect of surmounting "statics with pitch-resistant",domestic scholar have made new concept —deviation control with high WOB.New pitch-resistant theory is known that increasing WOB can arouse drill string buckling,keep drill string eddy,when the well is oblique,it can make drill string produce the axial secondary force,if without borehole deviation,axial additional power disappears.Axial additional force increases a periodicity additional weight to bit and the contact of layer,and change direction and the broken rock speed of bit.So the axial additional force can control borehole deviation and well straightening.Deviation control with high WOB drilling technology has surmounted the shortcoming of traditional drilling technology.It improves the drilling speed.This technique was applied in the well Wu-35,the well Wu-36,the well Wu-37 of Wu-Xia fracture belt in Xinjiang oilfield,and obtained good deviation control effect.


The thesis is focused on standardizing the exchange of mold forms at the workplace HTC2 in the company Continental Barum s.r.o. with usage of methods of industrial engineering and innovation initiatives. The aim of the project is to reduce the time of the exchange of forms, creating schedules, elimination of wastes in the process of mold change and improve working conditions at the workplace by increasing the safety of work.


The rates at which salt diffuses from the stable non-swelling aggregates of a heavy clay soil are studied in relation to both exchangeable cation type and free electrolyte content. Although the material is completely stable, it exposes a large clay surface of normal 'activity'. The results support a hypothesis that salt is constrained in some pores by salt-sieving within the aggregate; regions of anion exclusion, associated with surfaces in the narrower pores, restrict the cross section for diffusion from larger interior pores. It is shown that, when circumstances favour negative adsorption, that is with sodium cations and salt of relatively low concentration, salt is trapped within the microfabric; with calcium ions and salt of high concentration anion exclusion is suppressed and salt moves out of the aggregates much more easily. When the aggregates are in a saline sodic condition salt diffuses from them into saturated gypsum solution much more rapidly than it does into distilled water. This is in accord with the suggested model and implies that the ameliorative use of gypsum may involve a mechanism additional to those associated with swelling and flocculation. Application of the concept to soil in the field is briefly discussed.


Abstrcat The female parent Marobrachium nipponensis were collected from Poyang Lake, body length 4-6 cm. The hatched larvae from the parents were observed at 5 different developing stages, which were Z0, Z1, Z3, Z5-Z6 and larval stage. For the developingfast larvae, 9 times of molt are needed to complete the metamorphic process, but for the slow, 14 times are needed. For the larvae at the 5 stages, each has 5 bands on LDH electropherograms with identical rate of mobility, but the activities fluctuate among them. At stage 1,two EST electropherogram bands present, and at stages 2, 3 and 4, three bands present; at stage 5, nine bands present, all accompanied with obvious changes of enzyme activities. The MDH electropherograms have 6 bands, among which MDH1 and MDH2 are the main bands for their high enzyme activities and wide prolonged time distribution. The complex changes of isozyme electropherograms in M. nipponensis at different developing stages reveal the different isozyme activities and presenting sequence in different organ cells and these changes can be used as the biochemical indexes to identify the specificity of certain species and certain development stage.


Indole derivatives represent an important class of privileged structures. Spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), FT-Raman, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)) investigations of the indole-bearing title compound, namely 5-methoxy-1-[(5-methoxy-1H-indol-2-yl)methyl]-1H-indole (MMIMI) have been carried out. The corresponding data of the MMIMI molecule were analyzed to understand its optimized geometry, and inter/intra-molecular interactions. The equilibrium geometry, harmonic vibrational wavenumbers, Frontier orbital energy, and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses have been performed with the help of density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The vibrational modes have been unequivocally assigned using potential energy distribution analysis. The theoretically predicted wavenumbers have good agreement with the experimental values. NBO has confirmed the intra-molecular charge transfer interactions. HOMO–LUMO analysis was carried out to explore charge delocali...


Heritage Science for Conservation at Johns Hopkins University was established in 2009 through a generous grant from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Its purpose is to bring scientists into a closer working relationship with conservators. Bringing scientists into the conservation laboratory of an academic library fosters deep research collaborations relating to book and paper conservation. This alliance of scientist and conservator in a common laboratory also serves as a model for how the next generation of book and paper conservation science laboratories might be structured. The Heritage Science for Conservation model addresses the need for a stable locus for science and engineering dedicated to the ongoing needs of the book and paper conservator. In Heritage Science for Conservation, scientists and engineers design research projects and develop agendas in collaboration with conservators and carry out the work in the same physical space. Following this collaborative work, research is disseminated to a wide but targeted audience of conservators, engineers, scientists, librarians, curators, industrialists, students, and the general community. During its pilot phase, 2009–2012, Heritage Science for Conservation was successful in achieving its programmatic milestones: (1) to conduct research into the fundamental causes of heritage materials degradation and the fundamental applicability of conservation technologies; (2) to expand the tools and techniques of conservation science; and (3) to produce information, products, and processes of demonstrated use at the conservator's bench. In this paper, the authors introduce the Heritage Science for Conservation model, which facilitates both ongoing research on behalf of book and paper conservation and the development of new technologies that can serve the conservation scientist and the practicing conservator. The authors present evidence of the model's success by describing three technologies developed 30 The Book and Paper Group Annual 31 (2012) of expertise enables scientists and conservators to develop practical treatment solutions and a common research agenda. Because it is located in the conservation department of an academic library and its scientific faculty are also appointed to the science and engineering departments of the institution, HSC can foster deep collaborations between scientists and book and paper conservators. In order to be successful, such a laboratory must create the expectation that—whatever the current issues are, and whatever key evaluations or reevaluations need to be made—conservators have a role in guiding scientific research. The elements that keep the science and engineering practice trained on book and paper conservation are (1) the collaborative design of research agendas with conservators; (2) the execution of those agendas in the same collaborative environment; and (3) the dissemination of results to a diverse audience, including conservators, engineers, scientists, librarians, curators, industrialists, students, and the general community. Science and Engineering Dedicated to the Needs of Book and Paper


Short exposure of cultured human cells to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fileds causes a measurable increase in some transcript levels. The effect of varying field strength and exposure time on c-myc, β-actin, c-src, β-tubulin, and histone H2B transcript levels in human HL-60 cells exposed to continuous sine waves (60 Hz) is analyzed here. An increase in the basal levels of these normally expressed transcripts is observed with dependence on both field strength and time of exposure. A "window" effect is found for each transcript at 20 min exposure [magnetic flux density of 5.7 µTesla (rms)]. Alpha-globin, a transcript not normally expressed in this cell line, was unaffected by exposure to the field strengths used for these experiments.


This article examines the materiality of advertising trade cards used in the Gilded Age United States and resituates the medium within the post–Civil War culture of sentimental and personal exchange. Mobilizing evidence from over 3,000 cards and numerous scrapbooks, this article demonstrates that market culture commodified sentimental images and themes in chromolithographed cards, enabling consumers to appropriate them for sentimental expression in albums. The function and usage patterns of such cards as album keepsakes thus illustrates an underlying tension in the nineteenth-century ideals of separate spheres and sincere expression.


The advent of power electronic devices for the control of non-linear loads has made an impact on the power quality at the Distribution side of the utility grid. The Distribution side must be compensated for both reactive and real power compensation while simultaneously improving the power quality. Unified Power Quality Conditioner is a FACTS device with back-to-back converters coupled together with a DC link element that improves the power quality at the Distribution side. The DC link element sizing and the converter ratings are the challenges faced during the design of UPQC. The Distributed Energy Resource (DER) integrated at the DC link element, supports for power exchange and minimization of the converter ratings. UPQC integrated with a DER simultaneously improves the fault-ride-through capabilities at the Point of Common Coupling. The PV integrated UPQC with bidirectional series and shunt converters are controlled by a hybrid combination of Unit Vector Template and p-q theory, respectively. The control unit of the proposed system has to be more precise in a closed-loop structure. The conventional mathematical based PI controllers fail to perform well during the transient oscillations for the UPQC system. The proposed PV-UPQC system has been analysed with an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy controller that embeds a reinforced learning algorithm. The Fuzzy-Model-Based (FMB) controller improves the performance of the system by inferencing the system parameters through linguistic rules and helps in reference current generation. The PV-UPQC performed significantly well even during various load conditions. The implementation of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System leads to minimization in the percentage of Total Harmonic Distortion level.


In the nourishment of the zooplankton several species of microalgae
have been in used selected by their size, digestibility of the cellular
wall and nutritional value since they influence the survival, growth
and metamorphosis of crustaceans larvae. The purpose of this research
was to determine the survival of Dendrocephalus spartaenovae from 1
to 6 and from 6 of 32 days of age in different conditions of culturing
and fed to a concentration of 5 *105 cells/ml. The survival of larvas
was evaluated of D. spartaenovae from 1 to 6 days of life considering
the age and population density. The survival of the organisms from 6 to
32 days of life, it measured up in relation to the age, population
density and sexual condition. The survival of larvas of D. spartaenovae
diminished with the age, reaching a survival of 78,33 % to 6 days of
life. The minor mortality of larvas registered was for the population
densities from 10 to 20 individuals/100 ml with percentages of 93,75%
and 94,79%, respectively. In the anostraceos from 6 to 32 days of life;
the survival diminished according to the age of individuals, the lowest
rate of survival was found at 32 days with 46,53%. Concerning to the
population density, higher values of survival in adults population was
80,79% and 83,33% obtained in densities of 4 and 10 individuals/L,
respectively. Females showed higher survival rates than the males with
averages of 87,5% and 72,94%, respectively.


objective To understand prevalence of tuberculosis(TB),awareness of knowledge about TB control and their health behavior among students,provide the basis for making school TB control measures.Methods In 2010,The purified protein derivative of tuberculin(PPD) test was conducted firstly,and the students with positive results and have were given chest X-ray inspection.The students who had the TB-like symptoms were given sputum smear examination.Comparison between the students with strong positive results and non-strong positive results,analysis on their influence factors.Results Totally,3 193 students were receipted the PPD test.The positive rate was 6.64%(273),the strong positive rate was 0.56%(23).The detection rata of active TB was 0.05%(2,All PPD test strong positive).2 909 students were receipted questionnaire survey.The χ2 and logistic regression analysis on the influence factors shows that:Staying in the dormitory and History of exposure are the risk factor.The rate of awareness to all main information was 24.96%.Conclusions The screening method is effective,and we should be focus on the health education,right method contact with the students those active TB and environmental improvement.


This article involves with airport terminal building structure systems and its influence on the architectural form of the building. Airport terminal's architecture reflects the identity and the human values of the country and nation. The importance of the research can be formed in the necessity of integration of terminal buildings architectural formation and its structural systems to deliver the building as a symbolic expressive icon. The problem of the research is the lack of researches and studies about the structural systems role in achieving the expressional symbolic function as an architectural goal of terminal buildings. The aim of the research is unveiling the role of structural systems in introducing the expressional function of these buildings and its architecture, as a result, this function will show the development, special identity of country architecture and play a deep impact factor in the architecture of terminal building.


Through the statistics of near 20 year's world coal production and the analysis of world coal production change,it indicates that the world coal production assumed obvious growth trend in recent years,the 10 world's main coal mining countries' production accounted for 88.7% of the world coal production.It analyzes the current status of coal mine safety in 6 countries,which are United States,India,Russia,South Africa and Ukraine and tries to conclude developing trend of coal mine safety in world's main coal mining countries.This study indicates that the coalmine safety condition of world's main coal mining countries has a distinct improvement and the casualties caused by accidents reduce unceasingly since the 1 970 s.The coalmine safety of world's main coal mining countries is unbalanced and the developed countries are well than developing countries.Through establishing and consummating coal mine safety systems of laws and regulations,supervision,technical support,and education and train,the coal mine safety condition of developed countries are remarkably improved.


Bleached chemical softwood kraft pulp is most frequently used as reinforcement fibre in both woodfree and mechanical printing papers. Traditionally, these pulps have been chlorine-bleached, but increasing demands for environmentally harmless pulp and paper products have led to the increasing use of chlorinefree pulps. The change from the old pulps to the new chlorine-free pulps has in some cases changed the refining behaviour of pulps, causing some confusion among papermakers. Neither the refining energy requirement nor the papermaking properties are what they used to be. The refining behaviour of pulp depends to a great extent on factors outside the paper mill. Variations in wood raw material, pulping, bleaching, drying and baling affect slushing and finally the refining conditions. To study the refining behaviour of the new chlorine-free pulps, several refining trials were performed with an industrial-scale refiner at our pilot plant. The results indicate that there are great variations in the refining behaviour of the new chlorine-free pulps, just as there were when the old chlorine-bleached pulps were refined under the same conditions. The results indicate that pulp brightness plays an important role. In general, TCF bleached pulp have lower brightness and lower strength than ECF bleached or chlorine-bleached pulps. With both ECF and TCF pulps the increase in brightness reduces the need for refining energy but at the same time reduces the pulp's strength potential.


The results of bead chain urethrocystography on 74 patients with postoperative urinary stress incontinence (USI) are reported. USI occurred after vaginal plastic operation, vaginal hysterectomy or suprapubic surgery performed for repair of uterovaginal prolapse and/or USI. The findings in the bead chain urethrocystographic examination varied depending on the type of operation. Distribution by type (Green) based on loss of the posterior urethrovesical (PUV) angle and the angle of the urethral inclination is not suitable for every case of postoperative USI, for 20% of the cases displayed a normal PUV angle during straining. The so‐called base plate (Hutch) on the floor of the bladder did not remain flat during straining in any of the patients examined. In the planning of treatment for a patient with postoperative USI attention should be paid not only to the urethral inclination and PUV angle but also to the anterior urethrovesical (AUV) angle and the position of the UV junction at rest and during straining.


Real-time rendering of arbitrary meshes using the CUReT BRDF materials database interpolated with Zernike polynomials is described. The scope of this project was intended to allow viewpoint and lighting -using a distant point light source- changes. The original idea was to compute final colors in a pixel shader, but finally a real-time system in a per vertex basis was implemented. How GPU could be used for real-time per pixel rendering is also explained.


We consider the problem of computing a fair communication equilibrium in a repeated game while making efficient use of communicative and computational resources. At each stage of a game, several controllers (game players) observe a random process and evaluate the utilities that they associate with all possible joint actions given their observations. These utilities are reported to a central communication device, which computes and recommends a fair joint action, subject to game-theoretic equilibrium constraints. It is shown how, under a class of generalized coordination games, such a communication device fulfill its role, while trading off performance and efficiency.


The study investigated if IT investment in Korean financial markets for the past 18 years has grown following the s-curve pattern based on Nolan's...


After the entry into WTO, there came new chance and challenge for agricultural exports in Hu-nan Province. Recently, Hu-nan's agricultural exports are in rapid growth with annual rate of 20%. In the meanwhile, there are many problems and obstacles. Based on the theory of competitive advantage, this article analyzed the competitive advantage of Hu-nan's agricultural exports from multilateral views. In the end, it proposed corresponding suggestions.


Privacy risk assessments have been touted as an objective, principled way to encourage organizations to implement privacy-by-design. They are central to a new regulatory model of collaborative governance, as embodied by the GDPR. However, existing guidelines and methods remain vague, and there is little empirical evidence on privacy harms. In this paper we conduct a close analysis of US NIST's Privacy Risk Assessment Methodology, highlighting multiple sites of discretion that create countless opportunities for adversarial organizations to engage in performative compliance. Our analysis shows that the premises on which the success of privacy risk assessments depends do not hold, particularly in regard to organizations' incentives and regulators auditing capabilities. We highlight the limitations and pitfalls of what is essentially a utilitarian and technocratic approach, leading us to discuss alternatives and a realignment of our policy and research objectives.


In a four‐choice, vowel identification test, the implanted subject identified the spoken word in 50 to 60 percent of the trials. Experiments were conducted to determine which acoustic features were being utilized by the implanted subject. Pairs of steady‐state synthesized vowels were presented to the subject. Both a discrimination test and a difference scaling procedure indicated that the subject could easily discriminate between synthetic vowels with different first formant frequencies. However, the subject had great difficulty in discriminating between synthetic vowels with different second formant frequencies when the first formant frequencies were identical. This result was found to be consistent with an identification task using natural vowels in a single word context. The errors made by the subject in a four‐choice vowel identification task were analysed (error rate = 45%). When the subject made an error, he generally chose the word containing the vowel with a first formant frequency closest to the ...


In this paper, we propose the multi-channel interference cancellation algorithm for visible light communication (VLC) in smart building. The VLC system is communication technology using visible rays that come out in Light Emitting Diode (LED) device. It has energy curtailment effect and possible to use in ubiquitous network service applications. When a large number of users communicate indoors, the performance can be reduced due to channel interference. To remove interference, at the first, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) scheme as interference cancellation methods used, and then the successive interference cancellation (SIC) is applied to obtain additional diversity gain and improve interference cancellation performance. Indoor VLC channel model is employed. The performance is evaluated in terms of bit error rate (BER). From the simulation results, it is confirmed that the proposed scheme has better BER performance compared to the previous systems. As a result, the proposed interference cancellation improves the signal quality of VLC systems by effectively removing the channel noise. The results of the paper can be applied to VLC for smart building and general communication systems.


Solid state recorders have focused attention on the problem of long term data storage for reconnaissance systems. Storage was never viewed as a problem as long as the cost of storage remained relatively low. While there are many advantages to a completely digital/solid state imagery collection system, it is too expensive to use as a generic longterm storage medium.


Letter from Charles A. Prince to Frank Constant discussing "a list of construction defects and/or omissions in construction," which is enclosed within the document.


N-unsubstituted pyrazole and carboxylic acid, being self-complementary molecules, offer a broad scope of study of binary compounds based on the complementary combination of H-bonding/donating sites. We report here the construction of five extended molecular networks in cocrystals of a pyrazole-based ditopic molecule and carboxylic acids. We have been able to identify three major supramolecualr synthons that would be helpful in the prediction of structural motifs for these kinds of studies. Interestingly, these heterosynthons are strikingly similar, both from the perspective of H-bond directionality and from the size of the synthons, to those of the homosynthons of the individual functional groups.


— The research aims to determine the effect of profitability, corporate value, company size and financial risk to income smoothing. Researchers would like to review the factors affecting income smoothing, at the banking companies listed on the IDX during the period of 2014-2016. The sampling method use author is purposive sampling there are 21 company of research sample or 66 sample. The analysis technique used is logistic regression with enter method and quartile analysis. The results showed profitability, corporate value and financial risk have a positive and significant effect on income smoothing, but size of the company doesn't effect on income smoothing. Quartile analysis showed that most of companies that conduct income smoothing have PBV 0.82- 1.66 and DAR > 0.8.


A novel composite photocatalyst,PANI/TiO2/SiW12(1),was successfully prepared using(NH4)2S2O8 as an oxidant by chemistry oxidation to form polyaniline(PANI)-wrapped TiO2 particles and then by an electrostatic assembly of SiW4-12 anions.The structure and photoabsorption capability of 1 were characterized by UV-Vis,IR,XRD and SEM.The photocatalytic activity of 1 was evaluated by the degradation of congo red inaqueous solution under solar light irradiation.Results showed that the sensitizing effect of PANI can improve the light response of TiO2 and enhance the separation efficiency of electron and hole pairs which in turn promotes the photocatalytic ability of 1.Photocatalytic performance of 1 is better than TiO2 and PANI/TiO2 and degradable rate was 83.94% in 90 min.


A serious concern has been raised in the western world over the substantial increase in asthma and atopy prevalence over the last few decades. Changes in diagnostic procedures, genetic composition, or exposure to the conventional etiologic factors of asthma and atopy appear to be unable to explain most of this increase (1‐3). Several lines of evidence point to childhood infections providing significant protection from atopy (4‐7); the lack of microbial stimulation of sufficient intensity in early life may, paradoxically, affect the maturation of the immune system, leading to the predominance of a biased T-helper (Th)2 cell subtype in genetically susceptible individuals (8‐10). Intense childhood infections in western societies have become uncommon, and therefore the immune system may remain relatively unoccupied, a situation that may result in increased susceptibility to sensitization with otherwise harmless allergens in the environment (11). In contrast to certain natural infections, Calmette‐Guerin bacillus (BCG) vaccination has not had any effect on the subsequent development of asthma or atopy either in genetically predisposed (12) or in unselected Swedish (13) children. Probably only those infections that are able to mount a strong cell-mediated immune response and a long-living memory immunity may play a role here. Such infections are able to mobilize and activate tissue macrophages that migrate to regional lymph nodes and secrete cytokines that inhibit Th2 cell differentiation (10). On the basis of evidence obtained from humans (5‐7) and animal models (14, 15), we hypothesize that a vaccine that induces a strong Th1 immune response and a long-living memory immunity might in early life prevent the establishment of a biased Th2 cytokine milieu in the lungs of genetically predisposed children. This article briefly outlines the theoretical basis of the hypothesis and the possible role of mycobacterial vaccines in this immunomodulation. Background


In the twentieth century, one can find some of the most illuminating examples of artistic protest and social commitment such as the works by the English antiwar soldier-poets 1 , the Harlem Renaissance group, modernists like Yeats and Eliot, the Angry Young Men, the Beats, the Black Mountain Poets, the négritude movement, counter-culture artists and, lately, postcolonial writers, among others. In this paper, I will focus on two works, Notebook of a Return to the Native Land (Cahier d'un retour au pays natal, 1939) by Aimé Césaire and Howl (1956) by Allen Ginsberg. As literary history has shown, there are certain works -or counter-textsthat not only reject the oppressive forces of cultural imperialism but also defy conventional literary analysis. Usually, these counter-texts disseminate overflowing connotations and images, undermine and destabilize fixed theoretical categories and resist interpretation based upon pre-determined critical paradigms. Taking this into account, my central contention is that both Césaire's Notebook and Ginsberg's Howl—in spite of belonging to different geographical, historical and aesthetic contexts—display formal, thematic and politically concordant features, which represent some of the most violent and painful howls at the ruins of civilization. Literature and politics can establish solid and paradoxically creative/destructive symbiotic relationships. When the world is too hideous to contemplate, to respect or to honor, some generations of poets have vehemently and wildly voiced their disgust and conducted literary wars against the "wastes of (...) insane nationalisms" 2 . In the twentieth century, one can find some of the most illuminating examples of artistic protest and social commitment such as the works by the English antiwar soldier-poets, the Harlem Renaissance group, modernists like Yeats and Eliot, the Angry Young Men, the Beats, the Black Mountain Poets, the négritude movement, counter-culture artists and, lately, postcolonial writers, among others. In this paper, I will focus on two works, Notebook of a Return to the Native Land 1 In this case, I particularly refer to the works of WWI poets such as S. Sassoon and W. Owen. 2 "Horn on Howl" by Lawrence Ferlinghetti, reprinted from Evergreen Review, Vol. 1, No4, 145-158, in A Casebook on the Beat Generation edited by Thomas Parkinson, 1961, 125-135. (Cahier d'un retour au pays natal, 1939) by Aimé Césaire and Howl (1956) by Allen Ginsberg, which represent some of the most violent and painful howls at the ruins of civilization. As literary history has shown, there are certain works—or counter-texts—that not only reject the oppressive forces of cultural imperialism but also defy conventional literary analysis. Usually, these counter-texts disseminate overflowing connotations and images, undermine and destabilize fixed theoretical categories and resist interpretation based upon pre-determined critical paradigms. Thus, any attempt to classify such texts into a given aesthetic movement can be difficult for the reader and unfair for the author and the work. Taking this into account, my central contention is that both Césaire's Notebook and Ginsberg's Howl—in spite of belonging to different geographical, historical and aesthetic contexts—display formal, thematic and politically concordant features. Such similarities, and the difficulties and constraints of considering these poems in the framework of any given model of analysis, call for a manifold system of interrelated and assorted theoretical concepts. It must be acknowledged that both poems can be approached from current critical perspectives such as cultural criticism, postcolonial theory or postmodernism, among others. Although it is not my intention in this paper to discuss in detail the origins, assumptions, postulates, implications and purposes of each approach, I deem it necessary to emphasise, for the sake of clarity and to avoid oversimplification, the fact that these critical fields present a number of problems when trying to apply them to these specific texts. In the first place, postmodernism is a very vague label that comprises a diversity of trends, among which one can include postcolonialism and cultural criticism. Second, some of the claims and practices of postmodernism, postcolonialism and cultural criticism tend to overlap because they share much common theoretical ground, draw on the same concepts to examine society, and—to some extent—constitute a body of reflections upon similar ideological, sociological, political and cultural questions. Besides, the three perspectives, when considered in their broadest sense, share many assumptions even with other theories—such as historiographic metafiction, new historical criticism, Marxism, feminism, to mention only a few. Despite the intricacy that such overlapping can generate when approaching a text from one of these paradigms, it is also true that that they all contribute to exploring issues such as the experience of underrepresented or misrepresented groups of people, the cultural dimension of imperialism and colonialism, the ideological and discursive construction of the past, the struggles to resist any form of oppression, and the emergence of transgressive and oppositional voices. This implies that the poems under analysis could be studied using elements from any of these models, or even from the aesthetics of artistic and/or socio-political movements such as Surrealism, the Baroque, the négritude, or the Beat generation 3 . However, as the texts are particularly complex and semantically multi-layered, not one theory or poetics can account for the tensions, heterogeneous voices, internal patterning, and similarities between the two poems. The formal, thematic and contextual aspects of the texts exceed the theoretical postulates of any given critical perspective and their interpretation and comparative study are consequently limited by partial readings. Finally, the analysis of counter-texts can neither be performed exclusively within the frame of officially accepted theories -even if such theories claim to be as ideologically subversive as the texts themselvesnor from "inherited"—though adapted— 3 The Spanish Baroque literature -with its inclusiveness of the new, its proliferation of metaphors and images, its assumed marginalityinspired Latin American artists and contributed to asserting the creole sensibility and the aesthetics of the Caribbean literature (R. González Echevarría., 1993). The Surrealist Movement, mainly in the figure of André Breton and others who self-exiled to The Antilles in the 1940s, motivated the Caribbean artists' rediscovery of their own culture, rituals, and natural environment (G. Durozoi, trans. A. Anderson). artistic movements 4 . Thus, I propose to move away from pre-established models or paradigms in order to create more dynamic and context-specific categories drawn from fields other than critical or literary theories. Within the fertile climate of the poststructuralist critique of official culture, in which thinkers such as Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan and Jacques Derrida have carried the task of thinking about western thought, systems and institutions to their present limits, the collaboration between an academic philosopher and an "anti"-psychiatrist has produced a ground-breaking book under the title of A Thousand Plateaus. The introductory chapter is entitled "Rhizome" and it is the first, and maybe primary, of their many "plateaus" which develop metaphors intended to instruct their readers in a kind of subversive thinking that has been foreign to the official western culture and that may be specially needed in epochs of political centralization and cultural imperialism and domination. As it is impossible, given the extension of this paper, to discuss other Deleuzean figures that are also highly appropriate to the texts under analysis and, as the metaphor of the rhizome is particularly relevant to represent forms of resistance to oppression 5 , I will focus on the rhizome which I consider especially related to the subject of this study: two dissident poets—Allen Ginsberg and Aimé Césaire—"howling" at "the flunkies of order and the cockchafers of hope" 6 . In A Thousand Plateaus, Deleuze and Guattari elaborate their theory of multiplicity and subversion based on the concept of the rhizome. They take this image from nature, where some plants, instead of having a centralised root, have stems that assume a variety of forms and functions. As the rhizome grows according to principles of variation, expansion and divergence, its structure is absolutely undetermined in advance. In nature, rhizomes display a number of characteristics that can be projected onto the structure and purpose of unconventional literature. As to its form, a rhizome spreads along the surface of the soil while producing shoots above and roots below, buds and nods at unpredictable points. As this type of root is characterized by its capacity for rupture and mutation, its filaments, or lines, grow in all directions, between and among other organisms, actively seeking new paths. Because of these features, rhizomes make an effort to move forward trying to open new opportunities for growth and development, even when trapped in the heart of a tree or the hollow of a root. A rhizome then is paradoxically a multiplicity of juxtaposed, simultaneously advancing and entangled fibers. It is important to mention at this point that Deleuze and Guattari contrast this rhizomatic form of development to another more dominant kind of growth: the arborescent "Tree" -a hierarchical entity of dependent, invariable parts. In the Tree, parts are subordinated to a central trunk, working together to produce a unified organism. One of the most important aspects of the Deleuzian critique of modernity is built up around the concept of the Tree: Western culture, they argue, has been founded on such "arborescent" systems of thought. The or


We report magnetoresistance measurements of the heavy electron compound UBe13 above the superconducting transition temperature Tc and below 4 K for pressures P up to 19 kbar and for magnetic fields H up to 9 T. We observe strong negative magnetoresistance at all pressures and temperatures. The resistivity ρ is quadratic in temperature T from Tc up to a maximum temperature of 1 K at 1 bar increasing to 2 K at 19 kbar. The slope of the T2 term decreases with both H and with P. We find that δ(H)≡−[ρ(H)−ρ(0)]/ρ(0) for a given pressure scales as a function of H/T and exhibits power‐law behavior over one decade with an exponent of 1.7. In addition, δ(H) at high pressure shows this same power law over a more limited H/T range.


In the process of China's modernization,the situation of unbalanced development between developed and developing areas has been formed objectively.The Northwest ethnic minority areas lag far behind in many aspects.And differences on law application do exist between people from different nationalities and regions.Customary law playing an important role to a great extent is a case in point.Due to a certain conflict between northwest minority customary law and state law,we should adhere to modernization of legal system,treat minority customary law rationally,integrate the beneficial local resources in the northwest minority customary law in order to create a good environment for the modern legal system and achieve state law and customary law interaction.


The stereochemistry of octahedral coordination compounds is an important subject and a busy field in inorganic research. For the cis-bis(chelate) or tris(chelate) octahedral complexes, the helicity symbols lambda or delta are used but, to the best of our knowledge, only two methods have been devised for helping with the assignment of these stereochemical descriptors. Both of these methods may prove too demanding for students so we have developed a straightforward method (which doesn't depend on the orientation of the two-dimensional drawing), in which the chirality is derived from the simple left-right concept without any need to compare the helicity of the structures. This is a three-dimensional concept that can also be applied to cis complexes containing only two chelate ligands.


Stroke becomes a significant problem for developing countries. In Indonesia the data show its incidences 234 per 100.000 people, and around 2 - 8 % stroke patients experiencing cerebrovascular session will get neurophaty pain. It happens because of sensoric deviation after stroke, so the brain does not completely send information to the body correctly. Patients experiencing neurophaty pain are able to face decreasing living quality as the effect of long term painful disturbance. Therefore, it is important to maintain the patients' living quality. The aim of the study is to investigate the comparison of using gabapentin and amitriptilin toward living quality of ischemic stroke patients with neurophaty pain in the hospitals in Jogja. The method used in this study was quasi experimental with consequtive sampling. The study was conducted on 22nd of April-31st of Juli 2013 by involving 23 patients in gabapentin group and 18 patientsin amitriptilin group that would be evaluated during 1 month. Living quality was assessed by Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) in week 0 and week 4. The result of the study showed that the use of gabapentin and amitriptilin in 4 weeks showed the increase of living quality represented by decreasing the score based on BPI questioner 1.67±0.78 and 1.37±0.80 with p-value>0.05 meaning that there was no significant difference. It can be concluded the comparison of using gabapentin and amitriptilin in post ischemic stroke patient with neuropathy pain not significantly increase the quality of in the hospitals in Jogja.


Abstract Background The process of informal caregiving may have significant impacts on physical, psychological, social and economic conditions of informal caregivers. Worldwide lower levels of health literacy are associated with worse informal care, reduced quality of life and higher burden of informal caregivers. The aim of this study is to assess the correlation between health literacy score (HL), quality of life (QoL) and informal caregiver burden in Portugal. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey directed to informal caregivers. Three validated scales were applied in Portuguese versions: a) European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-PT-Q16); b) European Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), c) Modified Caregiver Strain Index (M-CSI). Overall statistical analysis and the Pearsońs correlation test at 5% significance level were performed in SPSS®. Results In total, 760 informal caregivers were surveyed, mean age 57 years (±9.9), 92.5% female, 62.6% married or living with a partner, 41,5% at least university level, 44.4% works full or part-time. Regarding the process of care, 78.9% takes care of one person, 85.2% have been caring for more than 1 year, 54.3% feel that are not supported at all, and 20.3% do not feel competent to care. The mean HL score of informal caregiver (n = 673) was 31.9 (+7.8), QoL (n = 733) was 0.8 (+0.2), and burden (n = 760) was 14.8 (+5.3). HL Score is directly correlated with QoL (r = 0.215; p < 0.001) and inversely correlated with informal caregiver burden (r=-0.150; p < 0.001). Conclusions A higher health literacy score is associated with better quality of life and lower informal caregiver burden. Improving health literacy may be strategic to promote health conditions and quality of life and care for both the informal caregiver and the person being cared for. Key messages • A higher health literacy score is associated with better quality of life and lower informal caregiver burden. • It is crucial to invest on the definition of an integrated strategy, between Health and Social Security, to provide better health conditions to informal caregivers.


Purpose: Genetic polymorphisms of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7 (UGT1A7), which detoxifies endogenous and environmental carcinogens, have been reported to be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in German populations. On the other hand, we reported that interleukin-1 (IL-1 ) gene polymorphisms were associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC. In this study, we evaluated the association of both genes with the risk of HCC in Japanese HCV-infected patients. Experimental Design: Genetic polymorphisms of UGT1A7 and IL-1 were investigated in 280 Japanese patients (122 with HCC and 158 without HCC) with chronic HCV infections, by use of standard PCR-based genotyping techniques. Results: We designated the UGT1A7*1 allele (a haplotype conferring higher activity) as H and the *2, *3, and *4 alleles (haplotypes conferring lower activity) as L. The proportions of UGT1A7 L/L and H/L alleles (genotypes) in patients with HCC (25% and 45%, respectively) were higher than those in patients without HCC (15% and 39%, respectively) with odds ratios of 2.73 (95% confidence interval, 1.40–5.35) and 1.80 (95% confidence interval, 1.05–3.09), respectively, compared with the UGT1A7 H/H alleles. Multivariate analyses revealed that UGT1A7 L/L and IL-1 / 31T/T 511C/C genotypes, the presence of cirrhosis, age >60 years, male sex, and -fetoprotein >20 g/ml were associated with the presence of HCC (odds ratios, 2.33, 2.67, 4.20, 3.12, 3.09, and 2.90, respectively). Conclusion: The UGT1A7 polymorphisms together with IL-1 were associated with the presence of HCC in Japanese HCV-infected patients.


This paper proposes a method to detect abnormal motions in real vehicle situations based on trajectory data. Our approach uses a Gaussian process (GP) regression that facilitates to approximate expected vehicle's movements over a whole environment based on sparse observed data. The main contribution of this paper consists in decomposing the GP regression into spatial zones, where quasi-constant velocity models are valid. Such obtained models are employed to build a set of Kalman filters that encode observed vehicle's dynamics. This paper shows how proposed filters enable the online identification of abnormal motions. Detected abnormalities can be modeled and learned incrementally, automatically by intelligent systems. The proposed methodology is tested on real data produced by a vehicle that interacts with pedestrians in a closed environment. Automatic detection of abnormal motions benefits the traffic scene understanding and facilitates to close the gap between human driving and autonomous vehicle awareness.


In dark-grown leaves of Zea mays, the catalase (H202:H202 oxidoreductase; EC 220.127.116.11; CAT) isozyme CAT-2 is absent. With continuous white light, CAT-2 protein levels increase (due to de novo synthesis) and plateau after 24 hr. When total poly(A)+ RNA (mRNA), polysomes, or isolated polysomal mRNA from lightand dark-treated leaves was translated in vitro, CAT-2 was detected only among the light-treated leaf products. A Cat2 clone was used to probe blots of total mRNA and polysomal mRNA from lightand dark-treated leaves. Cat2 mRNA was found in approximately equal quantities in both. Cat2 mRNA was equally distributed in identical high molecular weight fractions in polysomes from lightand dark-treated leaves and, therefore, was probably not sequestered in ribonucleoprotein particles in dark-grown leaves. The control of Cat2 expression appears to involve a unique form of translational inhibition in dark-grown leaves, preventing translation of the isolated mRNA and preventing polypeptide elongation. These results may have important implication in studies of translational control in other systems. Catalase (H202:H202 oxidoreductase; EC 18.104.22.168; CAT) in maize is encoded in three distinct, unlinked structural genes that are highly regulated both temporally and spatially during maize development. Cat2 is expressed predominantly in the scutellum during postgerminative sporophytic development and in green leaves (1). The temporal and spatial expression of the catalase structural genes in maize is influenced by genetic elements (2-5) and environmental signals (6). We have demonstrated (6) that a dramatic induction ofthe CAT-2 isozyme occurs in maize leaves when dark-grown seedlings are exposed to white light. We also have shown that, in addition to its temporal and tissue-specificity (1, 6), CAT-2 exhibits cell-type specificity, being primarily present in bundle-sheath cell peroxisomes of light-grown leaves (7), where it most likely destroys H202 produced during photorespiration (8). In this study, we report that the mechanism of lightinduced expression of the Cat2 gene may involve the translational inactivation of Cat2 mRNA in dark-grown leaves and its activation in the light. Thus, the control of Cat2 gene expression in leaves appears to be at the translational level. In addition, many studies are based on the presumption that a specific mRNA will translate in vitro, even though it may not be translated in vivo. This presumption is even stronger when polysomes containing the mRNA are used in an in vitro translation reaction. The data we present show that this is not always true. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials. Reticulocyte lysate was from Bethesda Research Laboratories, and NaDodSO4 was from GallardSchlesinger (Carle Place, NY). All other chemicals were reagent grade, purchased from Sigma. The maize lines used in these studies are maintained in our laboratory. Methods. W64A seedlings were cultured as described (3). The seedlings were grown in a dark growth chamber at 250C for 8 days from the end of imbibition (unless otherwise specified in figure legends). Seedlings to be exposed were placed 8 cm from a bank of four General Electric "coolwhite" fluorescent bulbs for 24 hr (unless otherwise specified). Dark treatments consisted of leaving the trays wrapped in aluminum for this 24-hr period. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis was conducted as described by Laurell (9). Leaves were excised from just above the coleoptilar node, the coleoptiles were removed, and 1.0 g of leaves was ground in 0.5 ml of 50 mM Hepes, pH 7.5/10 mM dithiothreitol with a small amount of sand and insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone. After centrifugation at 12,000 x g for 3 min, the supernatants were removed and electrophoresed on 1% agarose slab gels containing 1 pug of CAT-2 antibody per ml. In Vivo Labeling. Seedlings were grown in darkness for 6 days and exposed to white light for 3 days. Leafproteins were labeled with a topical application of 20 mM Na2HPO4 7 H20, pH 7.2/25 mM mannitol/0.7% Tween-20 containing 500 ,uCi (1 Ci = 37 GBq) of [35S]methionine per ml. After 4.5 hr under light or dark conditions, the leaves were excised, rinsed in distilled H20 for 15 min, and homogenized in in vivo immunoadsorption buffer (25 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.8/150 mM NaCl/5 mM MgCl2/0.5% Nonidet P-40/3.3 mM DL-methionine/0.067% 2-mercaptoethanol/0.67 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride with small amounts of sand, insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 57 ,g ofCAT-2 antibodies per ml). The samples were centrifuged for 10 min at 7800 x g and then incubated at 4°C for 7 hr. The immunoconjugates were bound to a protein A-Sepharose column and eluted as described (10). Polysome and mRNA Isolation. Polysomes were prepared from leaves as described (10). RNA was purified from leaves by the sodium borate/LiCl2 (11) or the guanidinium thiocyanate/CsCl method (12). The total poly(A)+ RNA (mRNA) was isolated on oligo(dT)-cellulose (13). The mRNA was precipitated as described (10) and taken up in H20. Polysomal poly(A)+ mRNA was isolated by adding proteinase K to polysomes at a final concentration of 200 ,ug/ml and incubating at 370 for 15 min. EDTA was added to 10 mM, and incubation was continued at 37°C for 15 min, at 55°C for 1.5 min, and then cooled in ice. An equal volume of 2 x column binding buffer (13) was added. The polysomal poly(A)+ mRNA was then isolated as above. mRNA and polysomes were translated in the reticulocyte lysate system, and CAT-2 products were immunoadsorbed as described (10). In vitro and in vivo products were separated by NaDodSO4/PAGE (14); fluorography was executed as described (10, 15). Molecular mass standards were phosphoAbbreviations: CAT, catalase; RNP, ribonucleoprotein particles. *To whom reprint requests should be addressed. 2785 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 2786 Developmental Biology: Skadsen and Scandalios rylase b (92.5 kDa), bovine serum albumin (67 kDa), ovalbumin (45 kDa), carbonic anhydrase (31 kDa), soybean trypsin inhibitor (21.5 kDa), and a-lactalbumin (14.4 kDa). Cat2 mRNA Determination. RNA blot analysis was conducted by using 1.2% SeaKem agarose submarine gels in formaldehyde, following denaturation of the mRNAs in formamide/formaldehyde (16). The mRNAs were transferred to nitrocellulose paper, prehybridized, hybridized, and washed under the stringent conditions described by Thomas (17). Thus, final washes were in 0.015 M NaCl/0.0015 M sodium citrate, pH 7, with shaking at 42-550C for 1-2 hr. Autoradiographs were produced by exposure to Kodak XAR-5 film between Kronex intensifying screens at -70'C. For filter probing, a cloned Cat2 sequence was isolated from pUC12 prior to labeling with [32P]dCTP by the replacement synthesis method (18). A report characterizing the Cat2 clone is in preparation. Polysomes were fractionated after layering above 31 ml of continuous 5-20% sucrose gradients in 40 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.5/10 mM MgCl2/10 mM KCl, which was above a 5-ml 2 M sucrose pad. Gradients were centrifuged for 3 hr at 18,200 rpm at 4°C in an SW 27 rotor. For slot blottings, 1.55-ml fractions were applied as described (19). The filter was probed with a radiolabeled Cat2 sequence, as above.


Objective:To study the effects of polyamine analogue BENS [N1, N11-bis(ethyl) norspermine] on proliferation and apoptosis of melanoma cell line B16-F1. Methods:MTT assay was used to assess the viability of cells. The apoptotic rate was determined by flow cytometry. The change in cell membrane potential was measured by fluorescence staining. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by DNA fragmentation assays. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins were measured by Western blotting. Results:The polyamine analogue BENS markedly inhibited the proliferation of B16-F1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. BENS treatment resulted in DNA fragmentation and appearance of typical sub-G1 peak which was accompanied by apoptosis-related changes such as decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytosol, and translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria. Conclusion:The polyamine analogue BENS inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of melanoma B16-F1 cells. It indicates that BENS has potential values in clinical cancer therapy.


Yu-Feng Li, * and Hongzhe Sun c a CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China c Department of Chemistry, & HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P.R. China


Simultaneous Transmit and Receive operation requires a high amount of transmit-to-receive isolation in order to avoid self-interference. This isolation is best achieved by utilizing multiple cancellation techniques. The combination of adaptive multiple-input multiple-output spatial cancellation with a high-isolation antenna and RF canceller produces a novel system architecture that focuses on cancellation in the analog domain before the receiver's low-noise amplifier. A prototype of this system has been implemented on a moving vehicle, and measurements have proven that this design is capable of providing more than 90 dB of total isolation in realistic multipath environments over a 30 MHz bandwidth centered at 2.45 GHz.


Abstract : The purpose of this report is to aid base level transportation managers determine the mission, organization and duties of their newly authorized plans and programs (LGTX) workcenter. The report also addresses the training needs of the personnel assigned to the LGTX workcenter. The information in this report would allow for standardization of the LGTX workcenter if applied throughout the USAF transportation community. It recommends that additional efforts be made to identify or develop formal training opportunities for transportation personnel assigned to the base level transportation LGTX workcenter.


An experimental method is described for determination of the onset of saturation effects on the performance of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) used in time-resolved pulsed-laser spectroscopy. Changes ...


THE frequent occurrence of accessory adrenal tissue is well known, since a statement or summary of its constituents and locations appears in most textbooks dealing with adrenal glands. In brief review, it may be stated that the accessory bodies may be made up of either cortical tissue or medullary tissue alone, or a combination of both, the latter sometimes resembling true adrenal glands in miniature. Such accessory bodies may be located in the capsule of the adrenal glands themselves, in the fat and connective tissue around the adrenals and cranial portions of the kidney, occasionally within the kidney, in the retroperitoneal area below the kidneys, in the broad ligament, in the scrotum, and sometimes in other regions of the abdominal cavity. It is assumed that some of these may be functional; in some animals, at least, indirect evidence for this is strong.


Gambling behavior has serious social harm;the conduct engaged in gambling behaviorshould be based on the specific circumstances of different subjects for different offenses.To combat gambling behavior,the relevant provisions of the crime of gambling should be improved,and the charges about manipulating sports results should be established.


: information main reduce preventable medical Materials and Methods: This systematic review atticle was conducted by searching the English databases between 2005 to 2015 and Persian databases from 1384 to 1394; were selected of nursing decision support systems. Results: The findings showed that the decision support systems can be used in the field of nursing care, and nursing education, as a tool to support clinical decision-making and education for nurses and nursing students. Conclusion:


The invention relates to an elastomer material including flexible polymer chains containing crosslinking bridges having covalent bonds and crosslinking bridges having noncovalent bonds. The invention also relates to a method for preparing such elastomer material.


The ability to color glass is centuries old, using coloring agents such as Ag, Au, and Cu among, others. The subject of the paper is to show that not only color but other properties as well can be obtained by introducing the light exposure step into the process. The name given to this phenomenon is
 photosensitive glasses
 – that is, glasses that can be patterned and colored by use of light exposure post melting and forming. The scope of this article is to present some key highlights on developments at Corning in the framework of the International Year of Glass 2022, rather than a comprehensive review. Also included are examples of optical devices that derive from this process.


Melanomas are neoplasias derived from melanocytes, melanin producing cells. They are relatively common in dogs with pigmented skin and advanced age. This work reports a case of a 12 years old male dog, that shows a tumor with 8,0 x 7,0 cm, firm consistency, and located in the prepuce. After necropsy, neoplastic nodular foci of varied diameters were observed in lungs, liver, spleen, heart and mesenteric lymph nodes. Histopathological evaluation has been compatible with metastatic malignant melanoma diagnosis, neoplasia of rare occurrence in prepuce from dogs.

Keywords: Neoplasia of the prepuce, dog, metastasis


We have used the method of two laser produced plasmas (Jannitti et al. 1984a) to measure the absorption spectra of the ions Be + (Jannitti et al. 1984b) , Be (Jannitti et al. 1984c) and B + in the grazing incidence and normal incidence region. Both discrete and continua transitions have been measured and values of the photoionization cross sections are derived. The experimental set up referring to the normal incidence investigation is shown in Fig. 1. A laser beam of 10 J of energy and 15 ns (FWHM) duration is split in two parts and generates two plasmas: one on target T of high atomic number (Cu) used as a background continuum emitting source and a second on target A for producing the absorbing species to be studied. For the latter a sphero-cylindrical lens is used producing a focal spot 100 urn wide and up to 10 mm long. The continuum radiation produced on a target tilted 45° both with respect to the laser beam and to the axis of observation was collected by a toroidal mirror whose radii of curvature, R = 640 mm in the plane of incidence and p = 530 mm in the plane perpendicular to the former are such to compensate the astigmatism of the 2 m radius grating. On the focal surface of the spectrograph a movable trolley carries a plate, coated with ^ 1 mg/cm of scintillator (TPB). The latter is imaged outside the vacuum with two high speed objectives (N.A. = 0.75) on an intensified photodiode array (512 elements) connected to an optical multichannel analyzer (OMA). In between the objectives a filter selects only the radiation emitted by the scintillator. The output of the OMA is sent to a PDP 11 computer for further data processing. A sequence for acquiring the absorption coefficient k(A) is: 1) acquisition of IQ(A), the spectrum of the background source; 2) acquisition in the same condition of the stray light IS(A) by moving the stigmatic spectrum out of position; 3) acquisition of 1(A), the absorption spectrum with both plasmas; 4) acquisition of the emission spectrum Ie(A) by producing the absorbing plasma alone. Then k(A)=ln Sl0(A)-Is(A) ̂ / $ I (A)-Is (A)-Ie (A) I ; from.10 to 30 complete sequences were acquired for any spectral posio tion =100 A wide. Several of such portions were later cumulated together and joined. Fig. 2 shows the absorption spectrum of B in the region 450-1380 A, recorded at 1.5 mm distance from the target. All of the main transitions in the normal spectrum and several of the displaced one are present with several newly observed lines (Olme, 1970). Clearly visible are the jumps


We notice the situation that when applicants are qualified and have the willingness to seek a job, the appraises of employees already in the company will have a large impact on applicants decisions of whether to become a member of this company or not. We believe that positive appraises will encourage the applicants to enter while negative appraises will discourage applicants. On the basis of this fact, in this paper we propose a compartmental model including the applicants population, the employed population and the resignation population. Several differential equations are set up and disease-free equilibrium is calculated. After the calculation of R_0, we complete sensitivity analysis which leads to the conclusion. The conclusion suggests that either decreasing the progression rate from applicants to employees who have negative appraises or increasing the progression rate from employees with negative appraises to employees with positive appraises can decrease the population of negative states.


While watching a caterpillar brought to school in a glass jar slowly change into a beautiful butterfly, the class and the reader learn the basics about the mystery of metamorphosis


The syntheses of two new NP3 ligands containing propylene linkages, prNP3 (1) = N(CH2CH2CH2PPh2)3 and prPNetP2 (2) = (Ph2PCH2CH2CH2)N(CH2CH2PPh2)2 are reported. Using these ligands, bis(dinitrogen) complexes of molybdenum are synthesized and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The new systems are compared with the literature-known complex [Mo(N2)2(NP3)] (3) supported by the ligand NP3 [NP3 = N(CH2CH2PPh2)3], which only contains ethylene linkages. Application of the new ligand reduces the symmetry of the complex and leads to the occurrence of different isomers.


Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is the only curative treatment option for various malignant hematological diseases. The therapeutic effect of alloHSCT is a long-lasting graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect of the transferred graft. T cells are important mediators of GvL and the longitudinal tracking of T-cell clones from donor to recipient is of particular interest in the setting of alloHSCT as this might provide further insight into mechanisms leading to survival and expansion of particular clones. In a broader sense, we used the unique setting of alloHSCT to study survival and expansion of mature T-cell clones after transfer into an immune cell depleted and allogeneic patient.
 We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to integrate immune subset delineation, clone identification and transcriptome information of about 35500 single T cells in peripheral blood of 14 paired donor-recipient samples in four alloHSCT pairs. Donor samples were collected before and after treatment with Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (GCSF), and recipient samples were collected on days +90 and +180 post-transplant.
 Looking at common diversity scores of pooled donor versus pooled recipient time points we observe an expected decrease of TCR diversity after transplantation (median inv. Simpson's 379 in donor vs. 20 in recipient samples, p=0.011, Figure 1A). On single cell level, we observe a substantial decrease of unique T-cell clones after transplantation compared to donor samples, which in return means that certain TCR clones markedly expand, contributing to a skewing of the TCR repertoire in the post-transplant course. The majority of these cells represent CD8 effector memory T cells.
 Our main interest was a better understanding of traceable and persisting T-cell clones. In a first step, we looked at the overall clonal overlap between time points of the different donor-recipient pairs, using only combined TCR alpha and beta chain information to define specific T-cell clones. We find the highest overlaps of T-cell clones between time points within individuals (e.g., Morisita score 0.91 between preGCSF and postGCSF of donor 16 and Morisita score 0.65 between days +90 and +180 of recipient 16, Figure 1B). Additionally, we demonstrate an inter-individual overlap between donors and their respective recipients in all pairs on single cell level (Figure 1C).
 Next, we compared the differential gene expression of traceable and non-traceable T cell clones and found that the traceable T cell clones exhibit a distinct transcriptional program, characterized by upregulation of genes related to T cell proliferation and chemotaxis as well as antigen presentation, while housekeeping functions such as translation are downregulated.
 In order to examine the dynamic changes of the T-cell transcriptome, we looked at the differential gene expression at the consecutive time points of pooled traceable clones in all pairs. This shows an induction of an activation pattern during the donor-recipient transfer and post-transplant phase involving genes related to the cell cycle and graft-versus-host disease (Figure 1D). Phenotype analysis via antibody-derived tags accordingly revealed an upregulation of activation markers in the recipients.
 To our knowledge, this is the first time that longitudinal inter-individual (donor-to-recipient) overlap of single-cell TCR alpha/beta clones is demonstrated in the setting of alloHSCT revealing time point-dependent and distinct functional patterns in traceable donor T cell clones.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 Penack: Neovii: Honoraria; MSD: Honoraria; Incyte: Research Funding; Priothera: Consultancy; Therakos: Honoraria; Gilead: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Takeda: Research Funding; Astellas: Honoraria; Jazz: Honoraria; Omeros: Consultancy; Shionogi: Consultancy. Bullinger: Amgen: Honoraria; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Hexal: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bayer: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria; Menarini: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria. Na: Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Shire/Takeda: Honoraria, Research Funding; Octapharma: Honoraria, Research Funding.


In this study, it was aimed to see the superior properties of acetylation technology which protects the wood against to wood destroying organisms perfectly, on particleboards. Therefore,  particleboards made from 1 and 3 hour acetylated particles and gave approximately 15% and 20% weight percent gain, exposed to brown rot fungi  Coniophora puteana according to procedures defined in EN 113 standard.  Biological resistance of acetylated and untreated (control) boards were compared. The acetylated boards demonstrated increased durability against brown rot fungi.  specially 3 hour acetic anhydride treatment reduced the weight losses more significantly than others and showed greater biological resistance.


Abstract : The far-infrared spectra of polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) ionomer films containing alkali and alkaline earth ions have been studied, and strong, broad bands whose frequencies are cation-dependent, have been observed and assigned to cation-motion. The force field elements for cations vibrating at sulfonate-containing sites have been obtained for different models of the cation-motion vibration. The effects of hydration, dehydration and thermal annealing are discussed in light of ion-clustering in these materials. (Author)


As a standing committee of the ACM Education Board, the CCECC has produced curricular guidelines for community college computing programs in the five areas outlined by ACM and IEEE-CS in CC2005 (The Overview Report) [2]. Most recently the CCECC published guidelines for IT programs in ACM Competency Model of Core Learning Outcomes and Assessment for Associate-Degree Curriculum in Information Technology [4] in October 2014.


This paper compares the effects of a set of factors that influence the interest rate margins charged on loans granted by commercial and development banks to private businesses in Mexico. Our database comprises more than 330 000 records of outstanding loans on December 2007. By means of WLS and ANOVAS, empirical evidence about differences between the effects of the studied determinants is found. The results suggest that development banks do not seem to mimic private banks, at least regarding the determination of interest rate margins, but that does not necessarily mean that they are solving a well-identified market failure


Androgen ablation is an effective palliative treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate. A variety of drugs with diverse mechanisms of action, effectiveness, and side effects are used to treat patients with this disease. This paper discusses the management of the most common side effects that result from treatment with luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, antiandrogens, ketoconazole, estrogens, and progestational agents. The most common side effects are loss of libido and impotence, hot flushes, gynecomastia, the "flare" phenomenon (LHRH agonists), nausea and vomiting, liver toxicity, and thromboembolic events (estrogens). The flare phenomenon associated with LHRH analog treatment is prevented best by pretreatment with antiandrogens or estrogens. Progestational agents can reduce hot flashes markedly. Gynecomastia may be prevented by preliminary breast irradiation. Erectile dysfunction is the most problematic side effect and possible treatments for this condition are discussed. Cancer 1995;75:1983–6.


2-chloro-4,4,4-trifluoro-acetyl ethyl acetate 3 was obtained by 4-trifluoroacetyl ethyl acetate 2 and sulfuryl chloride,2-methyl-4-trifluoro-methyl-5-thiazolyl acid 1 in total yield of 72.3% was obtained by acidification of 2-ethyl-4-trifluoro-methyl-5-thoxycarbonylthiazole 4 which was synthesized by 3 and thioacetamide in acetonitrile with triethylamine.The structure of 1 was confirmed by 1H NMR,IR and MS.


Research interest to provide a mechanical solution for involuntary tremors is increasing due to the severe side effects caused by the medications used to lessen its symptoms. This paper deals with the design of a cantilever-type tuned mass damper (TMD) used to prove the effectiveness of passive controllers in reducing the involuntary tremor's vibrational signals transmitted by the muscles to the hand segment. TMD is tested on an experimental arm, reflecting the flexion-extension motion of the wrist, excited by a mechanical shaker with the measured tremor signal of a patient with essential tremor. The designed TMD provides a new operational frequency for each position of the screw fixed to its beam. Modal damping ratios are also calculated using different methods for each position. The effectiveness of the TMD is quantified by measurements using a vibrometer and inertial measurement unit. Three TMDs, representing 15.7% total mass ratio, cause a reduction of 29% for the acceleration, 69% for the velocity, 79% for the displacement, 67% for the angular velocity, and 82% for the angular displacement signals. These encouraging results will allow the improvement of the design of the passive controller in the form of a wearable bracelet suitable for daily life.


Preservation of the primal character of designated wilderness areas is a policy of the federal government. This policy makes no provisions for accessibility for people with disabilities. There is also federal legislation focused on assuring equality of rights and opportunities for citizens with disabilities. Thus, an inherent conflict exists. Each side of the conflict can be supported by logical rationales. The time is appropriate for serious discussion of this issue and movement toward resolution. In an attempt to stimulate resolution, a brief overview of the development of federal policies related to wildemess and people with disabilities is presented accompanied by rationales for a purist concept of wilderness management and a concept of wilderness management accommodating people with disabilities.


Periodic, self-consistent, density functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate Li adsorption on Mo(110) surface. It turns out that the long-bridge site is the most stable site and the Li–Mo surface alloy forms easily at high coverage with the substitution of Mo by Li atoms in the outermost layer. Work function analysis showed that the work function decreases dramatically as the coverage from 0 to 0.5 ML, and finally increases again at the coverage of 1 ML, which agrees well with the experimental finding of Kroger et al. (Surf. Sci. 449 (2000) 227–235). Vibrational properties, diffusion barrier of Li along the Mo(110) surface, and the energy of formation of the surface have also been investigated for Li adsorption at various coverages.


In western history, Kant firstly proposed the rationalized university ideology of modern times, which established the foundation for the combination of the scientific exploration and humanism reason of modern universities. Humboldt's university ideology in nature is the practice of that of Kant. Later, Newman delivered the ideology that general education and intellectual education are the essence of university. Jasper at around the time of World War II firstly proposed a relatively systematic university ideology, which is based on the existence philosophy. The outstanding feature of Jasper's ideology lies in its emphasis on human spirit and globality of all\|round development of universities. After the World War II, the United States has made great achievements in university ideology. Although there are different views, on the whole it focuses on the realization of human development and its guideline is modern humanism.


Two cases of water interaction with virgin PET and with metallized (Al) PET were studied using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), respectively. On the one hand, the TDS approach tends to show that the water is weakly bound to the polyester (∼ 10 kcal mol−1); on the other hand, the SIMS study performed on metallized PET shows an enhancement of the water concentration around the interface. These results are discussed in order to elucidate the presence of such moisture and its influence on the metal/polymer adhesion and corrosion.


Resources used in lithium‐ion batteries are becoming more expensive due to their high demand, and the global cobalt market heavily depends on supplies from countries with high geopolitical risks. Alternative battery technologies including magnesium‐ion batteries are therefore desirable. Progress toward practical magnesium‐ion batteries are impeded by an absence of suitable anodes that can operate with conventional electrolyte solvents. Although alloy‐type magnesium‐ion battery anodes are compatible with common electrolyte solvents, they suffer from severe failure associated with huge volume changes during cycling. Consequently, achieving more than 200 cycles in alloy‐type magnesium‐ion battery anodes remains a challenge. Here an unprecedented long‐cycle life of 1000 cycles, achieved at a relatively high (dis)charge rate of 3 C (current density: 922.5 mA g−1) in Mg2Ga5 alloy‐type anode, taking advantage of near‐room‐temperatures solid–liquid phase transformation between Mg2Ga5 (solid) and Ga (liquid), is demonstrated. This concept should open the way to the development of practical anodes for next‐generation magnesium‐ion batteries.


There is growing agreement throughout the world that sound economic growth depends upon sound environmental practice. The UN Environmental Program (UNEP) meeting scheduled to be held in Nairobi in May 1982 is expected to strengthen national commitments to environmental management and to promote improved coordination of international environmental programs. In the last decade, the interrelationships among individual components of the various ecosystems have become more complex, creating a need to strengthen understanding of environmental problems and processes. US participation in the conference will be guided by a series of global environmental principles, including the following: 1) environmental policy must be based on the needs of both present and future generations, 2) careful stewardship of the earth's natural resource base will contribute significantly to economic development, 3) biological diversity must be maintained, 4) governments should collaborate on addressing problems that extend beyond national boundaries, and 5) both governments and individuals should ensure that their activities do not produce environmental degradation. The US delegation further intends to register its support for the original UNEP concept and call for a narrowing of its program focus, with emphasis on the following areas: environmental monitoring and assessment, information dissemination to governments, environmental education and training, the regional seas program, management of land and biological resources, and control of potentially toxic substances. Intra-UN program coordination and reduction of country-level operational activities will also be urged.


The problem of synthesizing the optimized equi-amplitude array antenna (AA) on the 8 8 × grid based on a Hadamard difference set is considered. By using newly found sets of this type on the 8 8 × grid the 28and 36-element AAs having a low sidelobe level are obtained. A numerical experiment showed that by a small alteration of the structure of such a set, further reduction of the AA sidelobe radiation is possible.


Crude methanol extracts from callus cultures of Nigella arvensis, N. damascena, N. hispanica, N. integrifolia, and N. sativa were investigated for their anti-microbial activity. Growth inhibition was determined in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as in yeast by using a broth-microdilution method. The results showed that the extracts of all calli tested exhibited significant anti-microbial activity, especially against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Compared with other Nigella species, a callus culture of N. hispanica was the most effective against the microorganisms used in this study.


A few planar maps are considered for which there exists an unstable invariant manifold originating from a saddle fixed point having a parametri sation by means of easily computable analytic functions.


The present study investigated "the" reduction in phrase-medial Verb- the -Noun sequences elicited from 2 five-year-old children and college-aged adults. Several measures of reduction were calculated based on 3 acoustic measurement of these sequences. Analyses on the measures indicated that the determiner vowel 4 was reduced in both child and adult speech relative to content word vowels, but it was reduced less in 5 children's speech compared to adults' speech. Listener ratings on the sequences indicated a preference for 6 adult speech over children's speech. Acoustic measures of reduction also predicted goodness ratings. 7 Listeners preferred sequences with shorter and lower amplitude determiner vowels relative to content 8 word vowels. They also preferred a more neutral schwa over more coarticulated versions. In sequences 9 where ratings differed by age group, the effect of coarticulation was limited to adult speech and the effect 10 of relative schwa duration was limited to children's speech. The results are discussed with reference to 11 communicative pressures on function word production in speech, including the rhythmic and semantic 12 pressure towards reduction versus the pressure to convey adequate information in the acoustic signal. It is 13 argued that competing pressures on production may delay the acquisition of adult-like function word 14 reduction.


Over the past year, we have initiated a collaborative effort with the National Weather Service and the Alaska Department of Transportation to develop a real-time system to ingest meteorological observations and provide a supplemental meteorological forecast capability within interior Alaska. The observations consist of not only those available routinely from National Weather Service (NWS) sites (both manned and automated), but also from supplemental networks established within Interior Alaska through a datasharing agreement. The design of our system makes these observations available to the general public through a Web interface design, and incorporates these observations into a multi-grid hierarchy of forecasts and forecast products generated with the aid of a modified version of the Penn State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research MM5 model (e.g., Grell et.al. 1994; Chen and Dudhia 2001), hereafter referred to as the "Arctic MM5". The ultimate aims of the system are as follows:


The mechanics of continua describe the behavior of deformable materials, that is, they predict the connection between forces and isothermic deformations in any kind of continuum. Of course the theory is confined to certain ideal materials which are so chosen as to show approximately the behavior of the natural materials. The best known among the ideal materials are the isotropic elastic solid and the viscous fluid, both of which are characterized by three constants: the modulus of compression, the density, and the modulus of rigidity, or the modulus of viscosity. Metals behave approximately in the same way as elastic solids, if only one takes sufficiently small deformations and sufficiently short times of observation. Fluids behave in the same way as the ideal viscous fluid, if the velocities of movement are sufficiently small. The problems concerning rheology, and the testing of materials which have, of late, made such great progress, urgently require, however, a more general theory which takes into account the imperfect elasticity of real solids and the imperfect viscosity of real fluids. In the following we shall discuss a few ideal materials of more general properties.


Of 236 patients over the age of 65 years admitted to a regional psychogeriatric service, at least 37 (16%) presented disorders that were directly attributable to the ill‐effects of psychoactive drugs. These effects varied from excessive sedation with confusion, disorientation and syncope, to disinhibition reactions with aggressive outbursts. Most of the patients were treated with combined medication. Attention is drawn to the mutually potentiating effect of simultaneously administered drugs, which is especially likely to occur in elderly subjects whose hepatic detoxifying enzyme systems may be considerably impaired.


In order to precise control the planting process and monitor mushroom growth in real time online, the design scheme of the environment monitoring system based on Internet of things was put forward on the main environmental parameters that affect the growth of mushroom. And according to the mushroom environment characteristics, the appropriate sensor and sensor placement were chose. By using RS-485 bus technology the information acquisition module, display module, communication interface and control interface monitoring terminal were built up. For the wiring is not conducive to the place in the mushroom room, its environmental information preclude the use of wireless sensor networks. On the server side is a web house environmental monitoring system was build based on the MySQL database» On the network communication interface the ENC28J60 Ethernet controller was used. In order to obtain the perceived data more accurately and effectively, loss-based retransmission detection based on the ACK scheme is adopted in the wireless sensor network. Experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the reliability of the data.