Introduction: While total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and total vaginal hysterectomy (TVH) are conventional procedures, we have actively introduced laparoscopically‐assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) since its advent. This study was the first attempt to retrospectively compare the surgical results, including invasiveness, among the three methods of performing a hysterectomy.


There are times in an undergraduate's course when some sort of stimulus is required to resurrect a sense 'of awareness or to restore a sagging interest. Stimuli may ·be provided purely by having an interesting timetable, one which provides a variety of subject matter with a good balance of lecture, tutorial, laboratory work and free study time. Because of administrative problems the student will often find that his work comes in large blocks having, for instance, "four hours of lectures in a morning on several days in the week. Thus by the end of one of these mornings the.student will find that his interest has waned purely because of his inability to absorb concentrated information and take notes over a long period of time. The lecturer will find difficulty in delivering his lecture towards the end of the morning when the class is unresponsive and looking forward to lunch. This inability to arouse: the students tends to be present at other times for other reasons. Certainly nine o'clock is not the best time to expect to have complete attention. Therefore it is often advocated that the lecturer should add variety to his teaching, verbally and visually and if possible demonstrate the principles he is trying to teach. A demonstration may take alot of preparation but if executed well and effectively will yield sufficient rewards in the understanding and interest of the students, The teaching of Fourier series can be unstimulating especially if treated purely mathematically and it has been the practice in this Department to introduce the subject by considering the effects of the presence of harmonics on a waveform. Many students and some lecturers find great difficulty in sketching an acceptable sinusoidal waveform such that the results of copying a complex waveform cannot sometimes be recognised when revision time arrives. Thus to illustrate the effects of harmonics visually and to give the students some hard copy for reference, the following method was devised.


The noctuid moth, Hypopyra pudens Walker, 1858, belongs to the tribe Hypopyrini of the subfamily Catocalinae (Holloway, 2005). This species is wide-ranging in Asia and has been recorded from Japan, India, the Andaman Islands, Sundaland, and Sulawesi (Holloway, 2005). In Singapore, an early report by Michael W. F. Tweedie (former director of the Raffles Museum, Singapore: 1946–1971) noted the arrival of a "leaf-like" example of "Enmonodia pudens" to overripe pineapple bait placed in forest near the MacRitchie Reservoir (Tweedie, 1953). Three examples of a common noctuid, Erebus ephesperis (Hubner, 1827), were also attracted to this fruit bait (Tweedie, 1953: pl. 8). In addition, there are representative voucher specimens of Hypopyra pudens deposited in the Zoological Reference Collection (ZRC) of the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research (RMBR), National University of Singapore. Locally, there have been no published accounts of its caterpillar. This article documents the final instar larva and metamorphosis from a specimen encountered in the Central Catchment Nature Reserve, Singapore.


Longshore sandbars along wave-dominated sandy beaches are important for beach-dune system protection during storms. Our analysis is based on 6 years of seasonal and annual bathymetric surveys along 16 km of erosive, stable and accumulative low-lying non-tidal beaches northward of Sf. Gheorghe arm mouth (Danube Delta – Romanian Black Sea coast). Our results show significant correlations established between longshore sandbar crest positions and morphology with more intense coupling between the inner and outer sandbar sub-systems during high-energy conditions and more frequent along the northern erosive sector in comparison with the southern/central accumulative/stable ones. There is a good connection between the long-term shoreline mobility and sandbars offshore migration rates along different sectors of the study area, with faster sandbars movement and shorter cycle return periods along the northern erosive sector in comparison with the central (stable) and southern (accretionary) sectors. The longshore variations of the nearshore slope are the main driver of the relationship between long-term sandbars dynamics and shoreline variability along the study site.


In this paper, we use the two-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model to study the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) chiral phase transition. To deal with the ultraviolet (UV) issue, we adopt the popular proper time regularization (PTR), which is commonly used not only for hadron physics but also for the studies with magnetic fields. This regularization scheme can introduce the infrared (IR) cutoff to include quark confinement. We generalize the PTR to zero temperature and finite chemical potential case use a completely new method, and then study the chiral susceptibility, both in the chiral limit case and with finite current quark mass. The chiral phase transition is second-order in μ = 0 and T = 0 and crossover at μ≠0 and T = 0. Three sets of parameters are used to make sure that the results do not depend on the parameter choice.


Residential houses (RHs) present great opportunity for managing/controlling electric demand at the user side. Demand management can be achieved by taking advantage of advanced predictive strategy planning models (SPMs) implemented on the heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system as one of the largest energy consumer in the residential houses. However, implementing these predictive SPMs on the building energy simulators is challenging since these simulators are not inherently equipped with advanced control tools and mechanisms. This article discusses the development of a Matlab-TRNSYS co-simulator that allows TRNSYS program to implement different advanced predictive SPMs including Load Shifting (LSH), Smart Dual Fuel Switching System (SDFSS), and LSHSDFSS, as the combination of fuel switching and load shifting strategy planning models, on the case study house HVAC system. The development of each advanced predictive SPM is described in details in this paper. INTRODUCTION Buildings must be seen as significant elements of the larger, dynamic energy system. This means when working on improving buildings' performance, the impact of buildings behavior on the network energy system should be considered; this includes criteria such as distribution networks of electricity, district heating, and natural gas consumption [1]. In this context, timing is essential, particularly in the case of electricity, which cannot be readily stored. In other words, time of consumption, as well as consumption itself, matter when it comes to improving the buildings' performance in terms of energy system [1]. One of the issues which threatens the power network is peak load. Peak power is used only a small fraction of the time, but the utility has to deliver it, even if it is more polluting and expensive to do. Hence, to be a grid-friendly consumer, we should avoid pulling energy from the utility grid during peak times [2]. This could be achieved by having smart buildings with control of strategy planning models (SPMs). In addition to supporting the local grid, lower overall energy cost could be achieved for the homeowners using such smart building controllers [2]. Among different strategy planning models, the ones concentrate on HVAC load are the most useful ones since HVAC system is one of the largest electrical consumers of a typical house [3]. Different methods have been used previously in order to control the HVAC system demand. In developed/advanced controllers, a model of the system (building and its HVAC system) and the forecast weather condition are used to determine the best set of control operations [3]. In these control models, the prediction of the future state of the system (is based on system model) and generation of control vector signals as the output of them, drive the system towards desired state [4]. However, implementing these kinds of advance predictive controllers on the building energy simulator is too difficult due to their lack of advance controller tools. This article discusses the development of an advanced predictive control model. This control model is designed by taking advantage of two powerful simulators. The overall conception of the building and its HVAC system is modeled using TRNSYS simulation environment while implementing of control strategies is performed using Matlab. The main purpose of this article is to design a grid-friendly smart residential house controller. To this end, three different predictive strategy planning models are developed in order to manage the hourly load Nima Alibabaei Ryerson University Toronto, Ontario, Canada Alan S. Fung Ryerson University Toronto, Ontario, Canada Kaamran Raahemifar Ryerson University Toronto, Ontario, Canada Farah Mohammadi Ryerson University Toronto, Ontario, Canada Xavier Fernando Ryerson University Toronto, Ontario, Canada demand of HVAC system for the next 24 hours by taking advantage of this predictive control model. Smart Dual Fuel Switching Strategy Planning Model (SDFSS-SPM) is the first one used to reduce the HVAC system energy cost. The second SPM developed in this article is Load Shifting Strategy Planning Model (LSHSPM). And (LSHSDFSS) is the third SPM developed by integrating both SDFSS-SPM and LSH-SPM models together. The development of each advanced SPM is described in details in the article.


Aim. Determinations of concentrations of total ropivacaine in venous blood with use of the selected scheme of prolonged analgesia of the postoperative wound after cesarean operation. Materials and Methods. The study involved 47 female patients after cesarean operation in whom during suturing of the laparotomy wound a multiperforated catheter was installed under aponeurosis of the abdominal muscles for a prolonged postoperative analgesia. With use of infu-sion pump, 0.2% ropivacaine solution was introduced at constant speed 4 ml/h with the total amount 200.0 ml. Blood was taken by puncture of the peripheral vein in control points in 30 min, 24 hours and 48 hours after the start of injection of the solution. The quantitative determination of the concentration of the total ropivacaine of venous blood plasma (free and bound with plasma proteins) was conducted using gas chromatograph with mass-selective detector. Results. The highest concentrations of the total ropivacaine of venous blood were recorded in 48 hours Me (Q1; Q3)=0.053 (0.043; 0.071) which was significantly lower than minimal potentially toxic concentrations. Also not a single case of appearance of clinical signs of systemic toxicity of local anesthetics was recorded. No statistically reliable correlation was found between body mass, height, body mass index and concentration of total ropivacaine in blood. Conclusion. The given study permitted to confirm safety of the selected scheme of introduction of the solution of local anesthetic, since no potentially toxic concentrations of the total ropivacaine were reached in venous blood in a single patient included into the study.


The process and effect of experiment of sizing 18.2 tex pure cotton yarns with Chinese 123 series modified-starch were introduced.Compared with the traditional prescription of blend slurry of PVA and corn amylum,the 123 series modified-starch is shown as an Environment friendly slurry of cotton yarns.


Humans are often thought to be unique in their linguistic abilities. Yet, the idea that certain features of the human language system might be found in the animal kingdom as well goes at least as far back as Darwin. More recently, behavioural, neuroanatomical and genetic similarities between the human language system and several other species were found, most notably in songbirds. This has led to a discussion on the suitability of birdsong as a model of human language. Such a model would be quite helpful, as the complexity of the human language, as well as practical and ethical limitations, make it difficult to study the human language system on a genetic and neurological level.
Unlike human language, birdsong has not been shown to contain meaningful units, thus supposedly lacking any form of semantics. Yet, on the phonological and syntactical level, as well as with regards to vocal learning, the similarities between birdsong and human language appear to be striking, though they are not uncontroversial. This has led to a discussion between scientists that think birdsong could be a good model of human language, and scientists that do not think birdsong is complex enough to fulfil this role.
More research into the specific similarities between birdsong and human language are necessary to determine if and in what way birdsong could contribute to our understanding of the human language system. Furthermore, the current focus on Universal Grammar as the biological basis of language might impair our understanding of the relationship between birdsong and human language, as it prevents alternative views of a biological basis of these systems from being considered in the discussion.


In this study, a novel polyhistidine (pHis)-incorporated lipid nanoparticle (pHis/LNP) was developed for the delivery of therapeutic globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) synthase siRNAs using a microfluidic device with pHis as a biocompatible method of endosome escape. To inhibit the expression of Gb3 synthase, six siRNAs against Gb3 synthase were designed and an optimal siRNA sequence was selected. Selected Gb3 synthase siRNA was incorporated into pHis/LNP to prepare a spherical siRNA pHis/LNP with a size of 62.5 ± 1.9 nm and surface charge of -13.3 ± 4.2 mV. The pHis/LNP successfully protected siRNAs from degradation in 50% serum condition for 72 h. Prepared pHis/LNP exhibited superior stability for 20 days and excellent biocompatibility for A549 cells. After treatment with fluorescence-labeled LNPs, dotted fluorescent signals were co-localized with Lysotracker in cells with LNPs, whereas strong and diffused fluorescence intensity was observed in cells with pHis/LNPs probably due to successful endosomal escape. The extent of Gb3 synthase gene silencing by siRNA pHis/LNP was greatly improved (6.0-fold) compared to that by siRNA/LNP. Taken together, considering that the fabricated siRNA pHis/LNP exhibited excellent biocompatibility and superior gene silencing activity over conventional LNP, these particles can be utilized for the delivery of a wide range of therapeutic siRNAs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


VPLC (Vehicle Power Line Communication) technology is a promising alternative to dedicated communication lines between vehicle electronic units. VPLC modems use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for signal transmission over the wiring of a car. These devices are difficult to implement, have a high cost and are not widely used. On the other hand, the transmission of code signals through the DC power wiring is used to control additional vehicle equipment, in particular, in electronic relays for car alarms. The prime cost of such relays should be several dollars, which excludes the use of OFDM. Direct digital transmission is a cheap alternative. The code packet is transmitted in short pulses, and the receiver (electronic relay) must decode the useful signal against the background of pulsed noise in the wiring. The paper presents experimental data and statistical analysis of impulse noise in the wiring of a car. An algorithm for the formation of bits zero and one in the form of double pulses is proposed, which made it possible to increase the probability of correct reception of the control signal.


The first normal pressure (or stress) difference is directly computed from the local values of the pressure tensor components in molecular dynamics simulations of planar Poiseuille flow for a low molecular weight polymeric fluid. The resulting zero shear rate normal pressure difference agrees very well with the value computed using homogeneous shear simulations and the SLLOD algorithm, and less well with the result of the Coleman-Markowitz equation evaluated at equilibrium. This resolves doubts about the effects of homogeneous thermostats in homogeneous nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations.


Solid state lighting (SSL) has proven to be the sole viable alternative to replace energy consuming incandescent or mercury based lighting technology. Light-emitting diodes or LEDs are gaining market share every day although improvements in color rendering and luminous efficacy are still desirable. In white LEDs, the intrinsically narrow emission band of the pumping diode is combined with one or multiple phosphor materials which convert a part of the pumping light into light of longer wavelengths. The different colors mix together, yielding white light. Blue phosphors are required for high color rendering white LEDs, in which they are combined with a near-ultraviolet pumping diode. The phosphors have to fulfill several requirements in order to be suitable for the application [1].
Oxonitridosilicates are well known host materials for conversion phosphors. Doped with divalent europium (Eu2+), they are able to convert light with very high conversion efficiencies, up to 90% [2]. Furthermore, this material class is chemically stable. The luminescence is driven by the parity allowed 4f65d1 → 4f7 transition in the optical dopant. In this work, a blue emitting phosphor, Sr0.25Ba0.75Si2O2N2:1%Eu2+ is considered. The crystallographic structure of this specific composition deviates from the structures of the well-known green and bluish green phosphors SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+ and BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+ [3]. First, emphasis is put on the synthesis process. Secondly, important physical properties like photoluminescence, thermal quenching, luminescent decay and quantum efficiency of this new material are evaluated. Thirdly, variations in chemical composition and its influence on the luminescence could be studied by means of cathodoluminescence spectroscopy inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM-CL), giving a deeper insight into the luminescent properties of the powders.


The columnar joint is a special type of primary joints which the cross sections are mostly quadrilateral, pentagonal and hexagonal. Intact rock mass is always cut by columnar joints into regular or irregular rock prisms, resulting in poor properties. With the expansion of large-scale engineering activities, a number of hydropower engineering such as Baihetan hydropower station, Xiluodu hydropower station and Ertan hydropower station, have encountered columnar jointed rock mass. The existence of columnar jointed rock mass poses a challenge to the design, construction and safe operation of these projects. To understand the mechanical behaviour of columnar jointed rock mass, uniaxial compression tests were carried out on artificial specimens made from rock-like materials. In the experiments, a self-designed pouring apparatus was used to prepare the columnar jointed rock-like specimens. Based on the experimental results of axial stress–axial strain curves, the strength and deformation of columnar jointed rock mass were investigated. The effect of columnar joint inclination angle on the mechanical behaviour of columnar jointed rock mass was analysed. It is found that the columnar jointed rock masses are characterized by significant anisotropy. The strength of columnar joint plays a significant role on the mechanical response of columnar jointed rock mass. The study Formatting the text


Because of the quadratic relation between the optical field and intensity, an inherent non-linearity exists in almost all optical systems. A class of non-linear transformations which we call bilinear (quadratic with memory) is defined; its properties and relevance to optical imaging systems are discussed. For space-invariant systems, a generalized transfer function is defined which characterizes the bilinear system completely. We also examine the approximate linearization of bilinear systems for low-contrast images, and the propagation of noise through such systems. Special emphasis is given to the partially coherent system which is but a special case of this general bilinear system.


BACKGROUND Supracondylar fracture of humerus is a common fracture in children. Closed manipulative reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation is the most widely recognized treatment method for displaced supracondylar humerus fracture in children but controversy persists regarding the ideal pin fixation technique. The purpose of this study was to compare the radiological and functional outcome of lateral entry pinning with that of crossed pinning fixation for Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fractures in children. METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted in Govt. Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram from February, 2015 to September, 2016. A total of 54 patients who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. They were allocated to Group A (crossed pin fixation) and Group B (lateral pin) fixation with 27 patients in each. All the cases of percutaneous pinning were done according to a uniform standardized technique. The patients were reevaluated at post-operative day, three weeks, and three months after the surgery. Following information were recorded as outcome measures: (i) carrying angle (ii) range of motion (iii) modified Flynn's criteria. (v) Baumann's angle (vi) neurovascular injury. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between crossed and lateral pinning with regard to mean Baumann's angle, carrying angle, complication rate, stability and functional outcome, but there was evidence of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury (3.7 %) in crossed pinning group. There was one case of pin tract infection. CONCLUSIONS There is no statistically significant difference between the radiological and functional outcome provided by crossed pin fixation method and lateral pin fixation methods. Closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation are safe and efficient methods for fixation of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus. Closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation for displaced supracondylar factures of the humerus in children gives good functional and cosmetic results. KEYWORDS Humerus, Percutaneous Pinning, Supracondylar Fracture


Due to the rapid elevation of technology, teachers are expected to integrate technology into the classroom to engage students considered digital natives. Digital storytelling is an alternative medium for teaching listening skills. This case study investigated students' and teachers' voices of the implementation of digital storytelling using discovery learning. An in-depth interview, classroom observation, and open-ended questionnaire were applied to explore the implementation of digital storytelling using discovery learning. This case study involved a middle school English teacher and 30 students from a junior high school level in Bali, Indonesia. The qualitative data from students and teachers interviews and observations showed that the students perceived that digital storytelling is more engaging, interesting, and motivating to improve their listening skills. The most challenging activities rested on students' limited vocabulary during the communication stage using Bahasa Indonesia. The pedagogical implication of this study is that EFL teachers need to provide learners with relevant vocabulary to support learners' communication skills during the classroom session during the implementation of digital storytelling. Since learners' limited vocabulary becomes one of the hindering factors in teaching listening, it is recommended for a further researcher to address this issue.


Over two decades from 1949 until the resumption of the diplomatic relations between these two countries in 1972, West German companies never gave up on the Chinese market despite substantial difficulties caused by Cold War frictions. This paper exams the payment transactions and terms of credits for financing industrial projects between the PRC and West German companies.


This trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, from April to June in 2012 and 2013. The aim was to determine the appropriate plant population and application rate cattle dung manure for optimum maize ( Zea mays ) production. The trial consist of three application rates 0, 630 (5 t ha -1 ), 1260 (t ha -1 ) N ha -1 of cattle manure and three plant populations (53,333, 66,666, and 88,888 plants per hectare). The trial was a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement fitted into randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil samples collected and analyzed and the results of the soil analysis revealed a sandy loam texture with high acidity and low nutrient contents (available P, exchangeable Ca and Mg). Addition of cattle manure at application rates of 620 and 1240 kg N to the soil influenced the nutrient status positively. At 50% tassel, increased in plant population significantly enhanced plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and total dry matter TDM) but decreased stem girth. Cattle manure application significantly (P<0. 05) increased plant height, stem girth, LAI and TDM. Plants treated with 1260 kg N ha -1 of cattle manure had the highest grain yield (3. 13 tha -1 ) which was not significantly different from 630 kg N ha -1 (3. 03 t ha -1 ). Plant population of 88,888 plants ha -1 produced the highest (P 0. 05) grain yield (3. 89 t ha -1 ). The best plant population was 88,888 plants ha -1 with the highest gross margin ( N 234,551. 00) and return per naira invested (3. 44). Cattle manure application rate of 630 kg N ha -1 had the highest return per naira invested (2. 81) and was the most appropriate.


Time has a very important effect on meteorology warning, however, the traditional means of meteorological early warning dissemination system based on B / S structure are not a good solution to this problem. Based on researches of push technology, a strategy utilizing a third-party mobile phone push platform, with using smart phone based on Android system is presented to build a real-time early meteorological warning information push system based on C / S architecture.Meanwhile, meteorological disaster warning is closely releated with location factor. The system utilizes GIS technology to dynamically col- lect users' information of location to push a notification of meteorological warning of local location to users ' mobile phone, eventually give a visual interface to notify the user of meteorological disasters details of warning, and realize meteorological warning automation and intelligence.


Seismic reflection method was successfully introduced, as an exploration tool, in the Athabasca Basin in 2003. Investigations demonstrated that the mineralized zones are associated with basement located shear zones, complex variable sandstone-basement unconformity intervals, and significant alteration zones within the sandstone fill and the basement. All these anomalous zones consistently were associated with diagnostic seismic images, providing a set of primary indicators of mineralization for regions of future exploration interest. Recent Full Wave Sonic surveys illustrated that not only the longitudinal (P) waves, which were exclusively utilized to date, but detectable transverse waves (S) can also observed from the geologic setting of the basin. In most instances, the responses of these elastic disturbances, to geologic irregularities, are recognizably dissimilar. This duality of the specific responses permits derivation of characteristic elastic properties of the lithological units within the investigated area. The knowledge of the depth variations of the P and S wave velocities permits the computations of elastic parameters of rocks such as shear modulus (µ), Lame's modulus (λ) and Poisson's ratio (σ). Combinations of these elastic properties facilitate the recognition of fractures with different sizes and their properties, as well as alteration and meta-somatic zones.


A system for reprogramming a vehicle controller includes: a plurality of controllers equipped in a vehicle; a battery configured to provide operation power to the plurality of controllers; and a charging control device configured to sense a connection with a charger providing charging power from an external power source to the battery, request latest software version information corresponding to each of the plurality of controllers from the charger through power-line communication (PLC) while the charging power is provided from the charger to the battery, confirm the requested latest software version information, receive upgrade data from the charger, and transmit the received upgrade data to the plurality of controllers. The charging control device assigns different communication frequency bands to the plurality of controllers, respectively, for communicating with the plurality of controllers using PLC, and transmits the upgrade data using the respective communication frequency band assigned to the plurality of controllers.


Sumbersari, a village with wonderful natural views has the potential for ecotourism development in Malang City. As a part of UB Forest area, Sumbersari will be completed with homestay among its existing residential area. This study aims to develop a design guideline of homestay construction. The guideline is essential to ensure buildings and environment will be developed neatly and designed appropriately. A Number of data were collected through site observation and interviews with the local community. Data were examined to seek appropriate components in the guidelines acceptable by residents. This study proposed the size, rooms, layout, typical materials, structural system and typical furnishings for homestay.


The object of the present paper was to look at the three-dimensional features of a flow in a nominally two-dimensional rectangular cavity having the length-to-depth ratio equal to 3, with laminar incoming boundary layer. The motivation was to give a contribution to the understanding of the origin of the spanwise flow structures observed in cavity flows. Particle image velocimetry was used to highlight the flow structure at low Reynolds number in the plane parallel to the cavity external flow and normal to the cavity bottom (vertical plane) and in planes parallel to cavity bottom (horizontal planes). The results demonstrate that the present measurements are qualitatively and quantitatively in agreement with published studies having as object the observation of the cavity flow behavior in the vertical plane, assuming the cavity to be nominally two-dimensional. Results in the planes parallel to the cavity bottom show the three-dimensional nature of the flow, characterized by the discontinuous presence of jet...


Climate change and its impact on crop water requirement and availability of irrigation water are major concerns of this century. It has now been established that the global and regional climate is changing due to increased concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. The important climatic parameters which influence the crop water requirement and irrigation water availability are temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, duration of sunshine hours, the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth surface, rainfall, rainfall intensity and its distribution pattern etc. It has been reported that due to the increased concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere, average surface temperature of the earth increased by 0.6°C in the twentieth century (MANN et al., 1998). There is enough evidence that atmospheric temperature is rising mainly because of GHG effects (MEHROTRA 1999; DOWNING et al., 2003). According to a study, the global In the present study, the review of the literature has been made to appraise the impact of climate change on crop water requirement, availability of irrigation water and suggested coping strategies. Most of the studies presented indicate that there is an increase in irrigation and crop water requirement. There are few studies which suggest that there may not be a change in crop water requirement in event of climate change. The studies also suggest that climate change would affect groundwater recharge and water availability for irrigation. The different studies revealed that the future will be tough for nations in the sensitive areas in particular whose irrigation water supplies are dependent on groundwater. To overcome the crisis of irrigation water shortage in the coming decades some coping strategies suggested by the various scientists are mostly generic in nature. Also, Effects of changes in climatic parameters which control the evapotranspiration have not been investigated in detail. In overall various studies shows the complex results based on the crop production and locations. Therefore, this initiates to review the climate change impacts on water availability and water demand for irrigation. This study will help to identify the gaps and scope for future research so that suitable adaptation and mitigation measures can be taken for water resources planning and management under climate change scenarios. K e y w o r d s


The purpose of this study was to develop online methodology for high school biology practicum instructions and their effectiveness on students' science process skills. The subjects in this study were students of class X IPA SMA Al-Hamzar Tembeng Putik, Wanasaba District, East Lombok Regency. The type of research used is development research that produces products in the form of high school biology practicum instructions with online methods. The development procedure carried out in this study is in accordance with the steps based on the Borg & Gall model, with the following stages: 1) research and data collection; 2) planning; 3) development of the initial product draft; 4) initial field trials; 5) revised trial results; 6) field test of the main product; 7) product revision; 8) wide-scale field trials / feasibility tests; 9) final product revision; and 10) dissemination and implementation. This research is only up to the 7th stage. The research instrument used was the observation sheet and the validation sheet. The results showed that the high school biology practicum guide developed using the online method, based on the results of the validation that has been done, the score is 2.96 which is included in the valid category. As for the students' science process skills, the score was 70.5 in the skilled category, 81.5 in the highly skilled category, and 92 in the very skilled category.


The content of phase information of an arbitrary phase--sensitive measurement is evaluated using the maximum likelihood estimation. The phase distribution is characterized by the relative entropy--a nonlinear functional of input quantum state. As an explicit example the multiple measurement of quadrature operator is interpreted as quantum phase detection achieving the ultimate resolution predicted by the Fisher information.


Several kinds of gels were readily prepared by the chemical modifications of amino group on chitosan. 1 -5) N-Acylchitosan gels were prepared by the N-acylations of chitosan with carboxylic anhydrides in aqueous acetic acid solution (solvent a) and in aqueous acetic acid/methanol solution (solvent b).6,7) The N-acetylchitosan gel is of biochemical importance as a regenerated form of chitin and as a model system for the investigation on the function of chitin in vivo. In this paper, we describe on a microfibril formation from depolymerized chitosan by N-acetylation. Chitosan is very stable to acid hydrolysis due to a stabilizing effect of glycosidic linkage by cationated amino


Abstract A regional evaluation of the soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics for the chernozem zone in northern Kazakhstan is now vitally important for agricultural and environmental policy making. The objectives of the present study were: (1) to predict spatial and temporal variability in C input as crop residues using multi-temporal MODIS satellite images, (2) to clarify spatial and temporal variability in CO2 emission as SOC output using geostatistics and model s, (3) to clarify spatial and temporal variability in the SOC budget using the results from (1) and (2). The mean growing-season C input as plant residues in cereal fields ranged from 0.9 to 1.4 Mg C ha−1, with higher values in wet years. Carbon input as plant residues was higher in the northern part of the area than in the other parts. The average growing-season CO2 emission ranged from 0.9 to 1.1 Mg C ha−1, and was also higher in wet years than in dry years. In addition, more CO2 was emitted in the northern part of this area. Accordingly the average growing-season C budget ranged from –0.2 to 0.3 Mg C ha−1 and showed a negative correlation with air temperature during the crop-growing season. The 5-year C budget for different crop rotation systems ranged from –1.0 (3-year cropped cereal with 2-year bare fallow) to 0.4 (5-year continuous cereal cropped) Mg C ha−1. These results indicate that fallow-based crop rotation systems are degradative with regard to the SOC budget in the studied area.


The identification and location of materials losses in nuclear facilities is an important issue. Many complexities arise in monitoring such losses. These complexities include the dependency among materials balance observations and the influence of errors (outliers) on parameter estimates of various monitoring methods. The proposed Joint Estimation procedure is superior to standard methods (control chart and CUSUM) and to methods that build in correlation (ARMA control chart, ARMA CUSUM, and the Generalized M procedure) in the detection of nuclear materials losses. The Joint Estimation procedure is robust to the influence of outliers, is flexible in accommodating a range of dependencies among observations, and provides information on the type of loss. Further, the procedure is reliable in that it yields a probability of false alarms and a probability of detecting losses closer to specifications.


This paper presents the results of experiments on the strengthening of a metal surface by laser pulses with an intensity of 10^9-10^10 W/cm². A neodymium glass laser with an energy of up to 50 J and a pulse width of about 30 ns was used as a radiation source. The results of the laser strengthening for various areas of the irradiated surface were determined by means of microstructural analysis. A new approach to the creation of an industrial laser for work hardening is discussed. © 2005 Optical Society of America


River is part of community livelihood whereby its resilience protects it. However, river issues are still discussed, indicating opportunity and room for improvement. The social lens as perspective is also still lacking. Thereby, community resilience is adopted as approach looking at river. Hence, this paper explored the river and community resilience studies from social aspect. 129 articles based on online database were gathered, sieved and analysed. It was found that river and community resilience shares fields of fluvial geomorphology, sociology, ecology, urban planning and disaster risk. These fields have impacts in people-place relationship throughout humanity. Therefore, the community is responsible upon river and key to resilience. River is part of community livelihood whereby its resilience protects it. However, river issues are still discussed, indicating opportunity and room for improvement. The social lens as perspective is also still lacking. Thereby, community resilience is adopted as approach looking at river. Hence, this paper explored the river and community resilience studies from social aspect. 129 articles based on online database were gathered, sieved and analysed. It was found that river and community resilience shares fields of fluvial geomorphology, sociology, ecology, urban planning and disaster risk. These fields have impacts in people-place relationship throughout humanity. Therefore, the community is responsible upon river and key to resilience.


Remaining oil saturation established by waterflooding was measured in Indiana limestone in its original, water‐wet state and under mixed‐wet conditions established by adding organic acid to the oil phase. The porous plate technique was used to establish initial oil saturations ranging from Snwi = 0.23 to 0.93 under capillary‐dominated conditions. For water‐wet conditions, the residual oil saturation increased linearly with its initial saturation. In contrast, the remaining oil saturation under mixed‐wet conditions, Snw, displayed three distinct regimes. First, Snw increased with its initial saturation up to Snwi = 0.58. Next, Snw decreased from Snwi = 0.58 to 0.76. Finally, Snw increased again as Snwi approached one. The nonmonotonic dependence of Snw on Snwi at Snwi > 0.5 is well described by a concave‐up quadratic function, and may be a salient feature of mixed‐wet rocks.


I bought escalopes de dinde for the four of us, as per Marguerite's instructions. She likes stuff that's easy to cook and easy to eat for people who haven't much left to chew with. The butcher's fat brother sat in the little kiosk dividing the mouth of the shop in two. He was wearing his white coat over a big pullover. ''Cold enough for you?'' he enquired. ''They say it'll get worse, and stay like that for weeks.'' ''No one's making you sit out here,'' I said. ''Go back where it's heated, maybe do a little work with that brother of yours. What makes you such a traditionalist?'' ''Happy New Year to you too,'' he said.


The dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is studied at nonzero temperatures using our variational time-dependent-HFB formalism. We have shown that this approach is an efficient tool to study the expansion and collective excitations of the condensate, the thermal cloud and the anomalous correlation function at nonzero temperatures. We have found that the condensate and the anomalous density have the same breathing oscillations. We have investigated, on the other hand, the behavior of a single quantized vortex in a harmonically trapped BEC at nonzero temperatures. Generalized expressions for vortex excitations, vortex core size and Kelvin modes have been derived. An important and somehow surprising result is that the numerical solution of our equations predicts that the vortex core is partially filled by the thermal atoms at nonzero temperatures. We have shown that the effect of thermal fluctuations is important and it may lead to enhancing the size of the vortex core. The behavior of the singly anomalous vortex has also been studied at nonzero temperatures.


Objective To understand infection situation and distribution characteristics of the human papillomavirus(HPV)genotypes in the male condyloma acuminatum skin lesions from May 2010 to May 2012 in Lishui region.Methods Three hundred and eighty-nine male patients with condyloma acuminatum as object of study were involved to conduct genotyping test of21 kinds of HPV(6,11,16,18,31,33,35,39,42,43,44,45,51,52,53,56,58,59,66,68,CP8304) genotypes by DNA reverse dot-blot hybridization technology,then analyze common infections subtypes and distribution characteristics.Results The total HPV positive rate was 98.2% in the study population.Common male condyloma acuminatum skin lesions was mainly caused by HPV11,HPV 6 infection accompanying by other types of HPV infection.The proportion of double infection was 25.19%,and the proportion of multiple infection was 1%.Conclusion In Lishui area,HPV infection rate was found high in male condyloma acuminatum skin lesions,accompanying double infection and multiple infection,which has provided reference for further treatment and prevention of patients.


The pervasiveness of offensive language on the social network has caused adverse effects on society, such as abusive behavior online. It is urgent to detect offensive language and curb its spread. Existing research shows that methods with community structure features effectively improve the performance of offensive language detection. However, the existing models deal with community structure independently, which seriously affects the effectiveness of detection models. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end method based on community structure and text features for offensive language detection (CT-OLD). Specifically, the community structure features are directly captured by the graph attention network layer, and the text embeddings are taken from the last hidden layer of BERT. Attention mechanisms and position encoding are used to fuse these features. Meanwhile, we add user opinion to the community structure for representing user features. The user opinion is represented by user historical behavior information, which outperforms that represented by text information. Besides the above point, the distribution of users and tweets is unbalanced in the popular datasets, which limits the generalization ability of the model. To address this issue, we construct and release a dataset with reasonable user distribution. Our method outperforms baselines with the F1 score of 89.94%. The results show that the end-to-end model effectively learns the potential information of community structure and text, and user historical behavior information is more suitable for user opinion representation.


Twelve plastic basins each filled with 6 litres of dechlorinated tap water at pH 6 7 (control), 75 and 8 such that each pH treatment was replicated three timesin a Latin square design were used for the study. The tanks were randomly stocked with 10 four-week-old Clarias gariepinus (♀) x Heterobranchus bidorsalis (♂) hybrid juvenies (mean weght 3.32 ± 0.05 g) and fed 30.25% crude protein diets for five weeks. Fish growth was measured by weighing the juveniles every week and the weight differences, specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR) determined. Fsh raised at pH treatment 7.0 recorded signfcantly higher weght gan (P 005) from that offish raised on pH 8.0 treatment. There was significant diference (P 0.05) between the SGR of fsh rased at pH 7 and pH 7.5 bu there was sgnificant difference between the SGR of fish raised at pH 7 and fish raised at other treatments. Fish showed reduced growth when raised at pH 6 andpH 8 and positive growth when raised at pH 7 and 7.5 though there was no significant dfference (P> 005) in FCR o fish cultured at all pH treatments. Our results showed that the optimal pH rangeor raisng the hybrid catish juvenies was between 7.0 – 7.5 pH. Keywords : Heterobranchus bidorsalis x Clarias gariepinus hybrid, Optimal pH range Animal Research International Vol. 4 (1) 2007 pp. 639-642


Aquaporins, also known as water channels, are a large family of transmembrane channel proteins present throughout all life domains and are implicated in human disorders. The psychrophilic aquaporin comes to attention because of its specialty in adaptive ability to keep on functioning to maintain water homeostasis under low temperatures, which have an optimal temperature for growth at about 15ºC or lower. However, studies regarding aquaporin isolated from psychrophilic Pseudomonas sp. are still scattered. Recently, the genome sequence of an Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. strain AMS3 revealed a gene sequence encoding for a putative aquaporin designated as PAqpZ2_AMS3. In this study, structure analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of a predicted model of a fully hydrated aquaporin monomer was embedded in a lipid bilayer and was performed at different temperatures for structural flexibility and stability analysis. The MD simulation results revealed that the predicted structure could remain stable and flexible at low to medium temperatures. In addition, the important position of water gating amino acids, Phe36 and Asn180 residues were rearranged in -5ºC MD simulation, leading to changes in the aquaporin water column size. The information obtained from this psychrophilic aquaporin, PAqpZ2_AMS3, provides new insights into the structural adaptation of this protein at low temperatures and could be a useful tool for low-temperature industrial applications and molecular engineering purposes in the future.

http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/resources/files/Pertanika PAPERS/JST Vol. 30 (3) Jul. 2022/01 JST-3212-2021.pdf


This study examined the effect of Islamic culture adoption on consumer behaviour. It examined the relationship between Muslim tourists' commitments to hotel selection behaviour in Malaysian SME hospitality industries and the Islamic cultural moderating effects of participation in their decision-making process. It has two objectives: the first was to determine the relationship between Muslim tourists' commitments to hotel selection behaviour in Malaysia. The second objective was to investigate the moderating effect of Islamic culture in decision-making and participating effort on hotel selections of these same tourists. It was a descriptive study based on 350 surveys conducted among Muslim tourists in Malaysia. A total of 304 responses were received, representing a response rate of 93%. Of this, only 281 case with no missing values for all the variables were used for data analysis as the others were incomplete. The correlation analysis that resulted from this study confirmed previous researchers' observations that higher Muslim customers' commitment was linked with higher adoption in Islamic culture. The results suggested that among the three components of customer behaviour, Islamic culture and hotel attributes were the most important predictors of Muslim tourists in hotel selection behaviour.


The first dynamic stability of a thin rectangular plate made from linear elastic material and subjected to a bi-axial time dependent load is discussed in this study. The plate carries a combination of loads that are changing linearly with respect to the length of its edges. It is also supposed that its boundary conditions on the edges are simply supported. Relevant inertia, elastic stiffness, and stability matrices are derived by applying Finite Difference Method from a differential motion equation of the plate. Subsequently, Mathieu-Hill equation form is obtained for the plate and the first dynamic stability boundaries of the plate are elaborated for using specified load parameters.


To summarize the systematic nursing of 56 cataract patients with corneal flash(62 eyes) after intraocular lens implantation of Acrysof Toric,including the nursing before,during and after the operation.After the operation,the patient's vision was improved,the surplus astigmatism was reduced and mobility of axis was stable.All the patients were satisfied with the effect of operation.90% of patients didn't use spectacles after operation.We consider that effective nursing care is the key to the success of the operation and the perioperative nursing can not be ingnored.


however, the differences between seismic responses of these two types of underground structures, especially the vault radian influencing the seismic responses of arch structures are not clarified. This paper presents a detailed numerical investigation on the seismic responses of arch underground structures with different vault radians, and aims to illustrate the rule that vault radian affects the seismic responses of underground structures. Five arch underground structures are built for nonlinear soil-structure interaction analysis. The internal forces of the structural components of the underground structures only under gravity are discussed detailedly, and an optimum vault radian for perfect load-carrying functionality of arch underground structures is suggested. Then the structures are analyzed under seven scaled ground motions, amounting to a total of 35 dynamic calculations. The numerical results show that the vault radian can have beneficial effects on the seismic response of the arch structure, compared to the rectangular underground structures, causing the central columns to suffer smaller axial force and horizontal deformation. The conclusions provide some directive suggestions for the seismic design of the arch underground structures.


PEDIATRIC literature and clinical experience contain abundant indications of physiologic immaturity in newborn infants, especially in those born prior to term. Functional immaturity of brain, liver, kidney, immune response and blood coagulation are among the well-recognized peculiarities of the newborn period. Exaggerations of these usually mild, transitory phenomena may contribute to grave disorders and possibly prove to be lethal. In addition to apparent derangements of particular systems or organs, there are occasional infants, notably the delicate offspring of diabetic mothers, whose general response and appearance suggest immaturity disproportionate to size and gestational age. In this group, general metabolic disturbances are suspected which await biochemical localization and characterization. Conventional post-mortem examinations may be discouragingly unrevealing in these babies. For example, one of the most commonly encountered problems is that of infants dying following unexplained respiratory distress. Pathologically, only so-called "hyaline membranes" with atelectasis have been found. This pattern can be noted in at least half of all infants of diabetic mothers and prematures and occasionally in a full-term baby, and constitutes one of the most baffling problems in clinical pediatrics today.
 In contrast, the increasing availability of biochemical methods of study are providing a rapidly growing fund of information concerning the normal fetus and newborn. From studies on the chemical embryology of other species and from limited similar work with human material, characteristic patterns of chemical differentiation are emerging. Extension of such observations may be expected to permit the establishment of new metabolic parameters by which to assess the developing fetus and infant.


The works performed by Yu et al 1 were much appreciated and brought a novel insight in the use of two types of anti-cancer medications as the proposed option for treatment of the progressive local advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This treatment was suggested to be applied at least 6 months after the standard treatment, the synchronous radiotherapy and chemotherapy, as the second-line treatment substituting the standard second-line chemotherapy, either checkpoint blockade blocker, docetaxel or pemetrexed. The results of the study performed were quite promising, as the median progressive-free survival (PFS); duration from the initial treatment to the disease progression or death, of the monitored patients reached 9–10 months. The resulting PFS in this study was higher than the PFS observed in patients receiving the standard second-line chemotherapy. A previous study by Reck et al 2 had also reported the advantages of a combination of docetaxel, antineoplastic cytotoxic agent with multiple tyrosine kinases and anti-angiogenic chemotherapy agent, nintedanib, which was in the same class chemotherapy with anlotinib, as the second-line therapy after being treated with either chemo-or immunotherapy. However, a few issues could be questioned. The combination of anlotinib and the PD-1 blockade still caused toxicity or intolerance in a few recruited patients (3.5%). 1 How? There is no information related to the conditions of the intolerances


Summary Three distinct substances which differ in their relative specific gravities have been stratified by high centrifugal force in the Erythrocytes of man. These substances seem to differ chemically for they may be differentially stained by certain dyes. The stretching of certain of the erythrocytes by centrifugal force indicates that they possess a membrane of considerable elasticity.


In this paper we address the use of photometry for accurately registering pairs of range images devoid of salient geometric features. Our contribution is three fold: first, we propose a robust local descriptor that overcomes the drawbacks of current methods using albedo for Lambertian objects under simple illumination; second, we propose an albedo estimation strategy for the case of specular objects illuminated by a few unknown point light sources that enlarges the range of applications of our previously proposed registration method; third, we propose a photometric metric for registering Lambertian range images under unknown general illumination and prove its usefulness through a practical registration method. With these methods, we make advances in using photometry for registering pairs of overlapping range images and significantly enlarge the practicability and range of applications of range image registration.


Recent experimental work with silicon qubits has shown that it is possible, using an inhomogeneous magnetic field, to strongly couple modes of a microwave resonator to the spin of a single electron trapped in a double quantum dot. This suggests the possibility of realizing long-range spin-spin interactions mediated by cavity photons. We present our theoretical calculation of effective interactions between distant quantum dot spins coupled by a resonator, and propose a protocol for fast ($500$ ns), high-fidelity ($>99\%$) two-qubit gates consistent with experimentally demonstrated capabilities.


Political methodology courses are among themost difficult political science courses to teach, and young faculty—who have the least amount of teaching experience—often are asked to teach them.1 Resources abound for prospective instructors. Oxford University Press (Box-Steffensmeier, Brady, and Collier 2008) and SAGE Publications (Curini and Franzese 2020) curated extensive handbooks on political methodology; many articles have been written to introduce the key features of the subfield and describe its history (Beck 2000; King 1990; Roberts 2018); and several popular textbooks can be used for graduate (e.g., Bailey 2015) and undergraduate (e.g., Kellstedt and Whitten 2018) students. Although these resources offer useful insights into the history and substance of political methodology, they do not provide much in the way of best practices for delivery of the material. We drew on the political methodology community to generate a list of dos and don'ts for new faculty tasked with teaching courses in political methodology. In fall 2020, we conducted a survey of the membership of the American Political Science Association (APSA) Political Methodology section. We asked participants to rate their early performance as purveyors of political methods, to reflect on the balance of material contained in their previous and current syllabi, to respond to questions about the biggest mistakes they made as young faculty, and to offer the best advice they have for new faculty today.


This letter presents a robust optimization-based AC optimal power flow (RACOPF) model for power networks with uncertain wind power generation. Numerical results on three test systems with uncertain wind power show that the RACOPF outperforms the robust DC-OPF model in the literature.


A method is described for the evaluation of antigenic pneumococcal polysaccharides and vaccines, based on a test commonly used to determine the number of LD50 doses neutralized. Protection was afforded mice by small amounts of SI not previously found protectively antigenic, when mice were infected three days after immunization instead of the usual five. Possibly larger amounts of SI will require longer waiting periods before challenging, and the "paralyzing dose" effect may be apparent rather than real.


Every week seems to bring a new biotechnology and hopeful predictions of new treatments for disease. The greatest hope is in genetic engineering, using techniques of genetic manipulation to eliminate genetic diseases and create improved crops and farm animals. But some see clouds on this rosy horizon and warn us of dangers that will accompany them. Allowing for-profit companies to patent particular genetic manipulations raises many ethical, legal, and policy questions and has generated much critical comment in the United States and Europe. The main areas of concern are: a) negative environmental consequences, b) harm to humans who consume transgenic foods, c) abuse of animals, and d) misuse of human genetic engineering. In a general discussion on issues associated with patenting genetic technology, the author selects some of the major concerns, explores the deeper philosophical assumptions that underlie them, and discusses their implications for patenting genetic technology.


The paper analyzes the influencing factors of excellent learning based on Rough Set.It shows quantificationally that some factors,such as interesting,confidence,goal and so on,are proportional to rough membership function of excellent learning.However,preparation varies inversely with rough membership function of excellent learning.


The diffusion barriers of Ga and N adatoms on the nonpolar $a$- and $m$-plane surfaces have been studied employing density-functional theory calculations. Our calculations reveal a strong in-plane anisotropy of the diffusion barriers for both surfaces: for the $a$-plane surface larger diffusion lengths parallel to the $c$ axis are observed. For the $m$-plane surface the in-plane anisotropy is reversed, and significantly smaller barriers are found for diffusion normal to the [0001] direction. These results are consistent with the experimentally observed in plane growth anisotropy of the nonpolar GaN surfaces. Moreover, they indicate that the large aspect ratio achieved for $c$-axial GaN nanowires is not a consequence of a strong anisotropy in the adatom mobilities but is rather related to surface thermodynamics and nucleation.


An inverted pendulum-type PMV (personal mobility vehicle) has been attracting attention as a low-carbon vehicle. For many people who like to use the PMVs, ride comfort is important. However, the problem of ride comfort has not attracted much attention in previous studies. The vibration is one of the important indicators for evaluating ride comfort. The PMV is unstable system. Therefore, the vibration may be generated when the PMV is stabilized. This study investigates the horizontal and vertical vibration of the head of the occupant when the PMV runs on a road with disturbances in numerical simulations. Frequency characteristics of the inverted pendulum-type PMV is analyzed to verify what vibrational factors that worsens ride comfort are. To consider human vibration sensitivity, the frequency weighting proposed in ISO2631-1 is used as the evaluation standard. The improvement methods are proposed from both software and hardware, and it is confirmed that the proposed method can improve ride comfort.© 2012 ASME


Hydrodynamic water-lubricated thrust bearings under low speed and heavy load are difficult to form complete lubrication and are easy to have severe wear, which cannot meet the requirements of marine high-power shaft less rim driven thrusters (RDTs). A novel magnetic-water double suspension rubber-supported tilting-pad thrust bearing (MWRTB) is created. To investigate load capacity and dynamic characteristics of the bearing, the force balance equations of the rubber-supported pad and the composite dynamic characteristic algorithm based on the thermal-fluid-magnetic coupling model of the MWRTB are proposed. Case studies show that when the clearance is large, the magnetic force is dominant in load-carrying. When the clearance is micron, the water film force is dominant in load-carrying. Compared with the pure magnetic bearing, the stiffness and damping coefficients of the MWRTB are increased by more than one order of magnitude, which is beneficial to vibration reduction and stability improvement. With the change in bearing clearance, there are maximum values of bearing stiffness and damping coefficient.


Recent research has examined the stress and indirect trauma experienced by helping professionals who work with survivors of direct trauma, including interpersonal violence. Little of this research has focused on Child Advocacy Center team members. This practice-based survey research addresses that gap. The study examined secondary traumatic stress (STS), burnout, and compassion satisfaction (CS) in interdisciplinary team members (n=36) of one Child Advocacy Center in the southern United States, and explored relationships between CS, STS, and burnout. As assessed by the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, 50% of participants experience Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms due to STS. Based on the Professional Quality of Life Scale, burnout was low and CS was high. Those with higher CS had lower burnout and STS. Positive associations were also found between life stresses in the past year as measured by the Social Readjustment Rating Scale and STS and burnout, but not CS. Practitioners, agency supervisors, and administrators need to be aware of the effects of trauma work, regularly assess for these effects, and provide opportunities for support and debriefing. Schools of social work should consider developing and implementing specialized units on STS and self-care.


A piezoelectric Pb(Mg1∕3Nb2∕3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystal traveling wave rotary motor operated in a stepping motion for cryogenic actuations was developed and characterized. This single crystal stepping motor had a torque of ⩾1.5kgcm, an excess of 1800 steps per revolution about its axis, and a power consumption of ≦2W by using a step motion with 25% duty cycle. We then show that this single crystal motor can successfully operate at 77K (liquid nitrogen) under a load.


s of the International Mine Water Conference 19 – 23 October 2009 Proceedings ISBN Number: 978-0-9802623-5-3 Pretoria, South Africa Produced by: Document Transformation Technologies cc Conference organised by: Cilla Taylor Conferences RECOVERY OF SULPHUR FROM WASTE GYPSUM N.R. MBHELE, W. VAN DER MERWE, J.P. MAREE and D. THERON Exxaro Resources, P.O Box 9229, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; E-mail: email@example.com CSIR, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; E-mail: email@example.com Sulphide Tech, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; E-mail:email@example.com


The problems of water environment of China include: the coexistence of water shortage,waste and pollution phenomenon;ecological degradation and frequent floods;water management system are not perfect and water environment construction lack of system planning;industrial structure and layout does not adapted to water resources condition.Facing these problems,human began to know the relationship between human and water,emphasize human-water harmony and the sustainable development of water environment.Following countermeasures are suggested: enhance citizens' consciousness of water,creating water-saving society;optimize the industrial structure and layout,realize the optimal allocation of water resources;sewage disposal entrepreneurial;increase scientific and technological investment,vigorously develop and utilize non-regular water resources;realizing unified management of water resources,strengthen the legislative and planning of water resources;play the role of economic levers price,and promote the sustainable use of urban water resources.


Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) is being grown universally, in Kashmir, how ever, only few cultivars without any scientific documentation are being grown having poo r yield and susceptible to various disease and fros t damage. The existing germplasm from Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan was characterized morpho-genetically during the year 200 2-2003 at Rawalakot, to determine the variability among the c ultivars and to identify some selectable markers ba sed on total seed protein profiles. The purpose of the investigation was to d evelop new varieties based on genetical variability among the cultivars and to document the germplasm for future record. The comparison was based on yield and growth characters incl uding plant height (135-145cm), number of trusses per plant (52-132), number of flowers per truss (18-27), number of flow ers per plant (933-3955), number of fruit per plant (158-1017), fruit size (3 8-45cm), number of locules per fruit (38.5-45.65), leaf area (8-10cm 2 ), length of the internodes (7-13cm) and 10 fruits weight (1016- 2017g), revealed significant variability among the cultivars. The total seed proteins comparisons based on SDS-PAGE profile did not indicate variability among the major bands, how ever some miner bands were found to be variable in terms of distanc e traveled in the gel. The investigation indicated that genetic diversity does exist among the local cultivars and the germplasm c ould be utilized for breeding new varieties suitabl e for the area by even using the conventional techniques of selection and hybrid ization.


1.1 Description of the approach The motion generation section describes the input parameters for the PoCtr presented on section 3, and discusses the relationship between the inertial forces and the zmp and angular momentum will be presented. The inertial force PoCtr is the main result presented in this work. It is based on the Lagrangian equations of motion which relates the accelerations of the actuated articulations with the generalized external forces (force and torque) acting at the support foot of the humanoid. The generalized inertial forces are the derivatives of the linear and angular momentum of the whole humanoid. By controlling these parameters it is possible to consider the zero moment point (zmp) stability of the robot.


a review of and a key to four species of the ceutorhynchine genus Thamiocolus thomson from Israel are presented. Thamiocolus chikatunovi n. sp. is described from the western edge of the samarian and Judean deserts in Israel and from mount nebo in Jordan. Thamiocolus pici Korotyaev , 1997 is recognized as an Israeli species probably distinct from the very closely related western anatolian Th. calcaratus (a. schultze, 1901); photographs of the holotype of Th. calcaratus are published for the first time. Thamiocolus wittmeri Colonnelli, 1975 is recorded for the first time from Jordan. middle asian Thamiocolus hispidirostris (Iablokov-Khnzorian , 1971) is placed in synonymy with Th. tataricus (a. schultze, 1900). a female very similar to the turkish Th. comptus Colonnelli, 1997 is recorded from syria, described in detail and illustrated. the tribe Ceutorhynchini and the genus Thamiocolus are briefly characterized, with a discussion of the composition of the Israeli Thamiocolus fauna and morphological features of its four species. free apices of lateral tubercles. elytra with slightly wider golden scales arranged mostly in 2 or 3 rows on intervals and replaced by darker brown scales in short area behind middle on sutural interval and in short ill-defined speckles in basal half of 3 rd , 5 th and 7 th intervals. large oval white scales covering entire sutural interval except for short dark area behind mid-length, constituting angular basal band running from end of basal quarter of sutural interval toward sides behind humeral prominences, and wider, less clearly defined preapical band. striae with very narrow lanceolate subrecumbent white scales. underside almost evenly covered with broadly oval white scales thinned at sides. Pygidium densely covered with semi-erect broad oval and lanceolate (pointed apically) white scales, with sparse semi-erect hair-like scales or hairs in lateral corners and along posterior margin. femora moderately densely clothed with subparallel-sided yellowish scales shorter than those on elytral intervals and separated mostly by own widths, with rings of larger wide oval and lanceolate white scales distal to mid-length; that on hind femur extending ventrally toward apex of femur, base of femur also with wide white scales. tibiae with similar yellowish scales replaced along dorsal surface with white scales becoming wider toward apical combs. Dorsal surface of tarsi moderately densely clothed with white hair-like and wider subrecumbent and semi-erect scales, 2 nd and 3 rd segments with longer and wider scales at apices protruding over subsequent segments.


For high-accuracy signal processing of differen- tial capacitance transducers, an interface circuitry based on a switched-capacitor (SC) sample/hold (S/H) circuit is developed. Driven by nonoverlapping two-phase clocks, the interface pro- duces the output voltage which is proportional to the ratio of difference-to-sum of two capacitors of a differential transducer. Performances of a prototype chip fabricated using 0.6- m n-well CMOS process were measured and compared with those simulated by HSPICE. The measured results indicate that 0.1% resolution is achievable with the proposed interface and the temperature-dependence of the interface is small. An interface circuit improved for smaller temperature-dependence is also proposed and its operation is confirmed experimentally.


In an effort to make program debugging more transparent, to provide an aspect of kinesthetic learning, and to inspire student interest, Indiana University South Bend incorporated robots into the assembly language curriculum. While the robots satisfied these original objectives, it is important for our students to acquire a deeper understanding of computer organization and its implication for program development. Toward this end, a custom, robot-centric, CPU instruction set was developed. Robot control programs written in this instruction set would be run on student-implemented simulators written in Intel assembly language. This study explores the feasibility of deploying a simulated CPU to control an actual robot. Specifically, we describe the simulated CPU, an implementation of an instruction subset, and an initial assessment of the time penalties involved in the simulation.


During the first third of the nineteenth century, Cordoba city experienced a transition from the Bourbon monarchy to the first attempts of a republican government. The aim of this research was to examine the status of childhood in Cordoba city at that time, in the sense of how children occupied their own time, specifically from the job standpoint and what could have caused temporal variations regarding thereof. To that goal, the 1813 and 1832 censuses were analysed in relation to children and "occupation" by age, ethno-social group and gender. The results showed a high rate of employment, particularly at older ages and among non-Spanish group, and a higher proportion of trades for men and domestic jobs for women; between censuses, labour was more conspicuous in 1813, when the profession "student" had lower incidence. Features commented here were also found in later periods.


What would the law do differently if it could see into the black box of the mind? One of the most valuable things it might do is reform the ways it deals with pain. Pain is ubiquitous in law, from tort to torture, from ERISA to expert evidence. Yet legal doctrines grapple with pain poorly, embodying concepts that are generations out of date and that cast suspicion on pain sufferers as having a problem that is "all in their heads." Now, brain-imaging technologies are allowing scientists to see the brain in pain—and to reconceive of many types of pain as neurodegenerative diseases. Brain imaging proves that the problem is in sufferers' heads: Long-term pain shrinks the brain and changes the way it functions. This new science has immediate practical and theoretical applications for the law. This Article first proposes reforms to disability law doctrines and their judicial interpretation. It then proposes ways in which pain neuroimaging ought to be handled as a matter of expert evidence in state, federal, and administrative proceedings. Drawing on work in evidence theory, it considers black letter evidence law as well as normative practices that shape how decision makers weigh evidence and credibility. It also offers limits on the use of brain images. In opening a window into how the brain generates subjective experiences, neuroimaging should lead to doctrinal and practice-based revisions that increase law's accuracy and fairness. So doing, brain imaging should change the law's mind about the nature of pain and may require the law to rethink its dualism between body and mind. ABSTRACT ................................................................................................ 1099............................................................................................... 1099 * Senior Fellow in Law and Applied Neuroscience, Harvard Law School, and Professor of Law, University of Maryland School of Law. I am grateful to Hank Greely, Sean Mackey, Jennifer Mnookin, Nita Farahany, Michael Pardo, Danielle Citron, and David Super, and the UCLA PULSE conference for significant insights and comments. Invaluable research assistance was provided by Mariana Minaya. 4 PUSTILNIK 1099-1158 (DO NOT DELETE) 5/6/2015 2:42 PM 1100 Alabama Law Review [Vol. 66:5:1099 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1101 I. THREE PROBLEMS OF PAIN IN LAW ...................................................... 1104 A. Doubt About Pain and the Search for Visual Evidence ......... 1105 B. The Reasonable Pain Standard and the Problem of "Excess Pain" ....................................................................... 1107 C. Pain as Mental Disorder in Sources of Legal and Cultural Authority ................................................................................ 1109 II. CURRENT PAIN SCIENCE AND THE POTENTIAL OF NEUROIMAGING ... 1113 A. Chronic Pain: An Overview .................................................. 1113 B. Structural Neuroimaging Shows Changes in Pain Sufferers' Brains .................................................................... 1116 1. Overview of Structural Neuroimaging ............................. 1116 2. Brain-Based Changes Reflect Duration, Severity, and Type of Pain ..................................................................... 1117 C. Functional Neuroimaging in Chronic Pain ........................... 1118 1. Overview of Functional Neuroimaging ........................... 1118 2. fMRI as Objective Measure of Pain? ............................... 1120 III. NEUROIMAGING SHOULD INFLUENCE DOCTRINE AND INTERPRETATION IN DISABILITY LAW .......................................... 1121 A. Social Security Disability Doctrine and Practice Relating to Chronic Pain ..................................................................... 1122 1. Legal Framework: Statutory and Regulatory Regime ..... 1123 2. The Problematic 1984 Regulations: Pain as Symptom of "Something Else" ........................................................ 1124 B. Improving SSDI Regulations with New Pain Science ............ 1126 C. Revising Judge-Made Disability Standards in Light of New Pain Science .......................................................................... 1128 1. Judge-Made Disability Law and Its Vagaries ................. 1129 2. Normative Dimensions of Judge-Made Standards .......... 1131 IV. NEUROIMAGING SHOULD CHANGE "SOFT" AND "HARD" EVIDENTIARY PRACTICES ............................................................. 1134 A. "Soft" Evidentiary Practices Shape the Litigation Process .. 1135 1. Narrative, Norms, and the Meaning of Proof: The Soft Side of Evidence Law ....................................................... 1135 2. Confounding Claims and the Quantum of Proof Needed to "Prove" ....................................................................... 1136 B. "Soft" Practices of Evidence Law Encode Bias .................... 1140 C. New "Soft" Evidentiary Norms for Adjudicators and Fact Finders ................................................................................... 1143 V. CHRONIC PAIN NEUROIMAGING AND "HARD" EVIDENCE PRACTICES: THE CASE FOR LIMITED ADMISSIBILITY OF PAIN NEUROIMAGING ............................................................................ 1145 A. Federal, State, and Administrative Admissibility Standards . 1145 4 PUSTILNIK 1099-1158 (DO NOT DELETE) 5/6/2015 2:42 PM 2015] Imaging Brains, Changing Minds 1101 1. Federal Rules of Evidence ............................................... 1146 2. State Rules of Evidence .................................................... 1147 3. SSA Administrative Proceedings ..................................... 1148 4. Common Features of These Regimes: Relevance and Reliability ......................................................................... 1150 B. Recommendations on the Admissibility of Pain Neuroimaging Evidence ........................................................ 1151 1. Pain Neuroimaging Is Sufficiently Reliable to Be Admitted for Some Purposes ............................................ 1152 a. Relevance Case: General Biology of Chronic Pain .. 1152 b. Relevance Case: Cognitive and Affective Effects of Chronic Pain ............................................................. 1153 c. Relevance Case: Debiasing ....................................... 1154 2. Neuroimaging Should Not (Yet?) Be Admissible to Prove Individual Pain ...................................................... 1155 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................ 1156


Objective To explore the curative efficacy of simultaneous treatment of tibial bone and soft-tissue defects with external fixator and bone transport.Methods From February 2006 to October 2012,7 patients with tibial bone and soft tissue defects were treated by bone transport at our department.They were 4 men and 3 women,with an average age of 31.8 years (from 16 to 52 years).All their fractures were Gustlio type Ⅲ B and 3 of them were complicated with infection.Their average Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) was 4.8 points (from 4 to 6 points).Their average soft tissue loss after debridement was 30.4 cm2 (from 12 to 70 cm2),and their average bone defect was 9.2 cm long (from 4 to 17 cm).Distal tibial osteotomy for proximal migration to repair the bone defect was used in 4 cases of proximal tibial defect while proximal tibial osteotomy for distal migration was used in the other 3 cases of distal defect.The wounds were covered by vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) dressing or filled with povidone-iodine gauze.Results The average follow-up period was 19.3 months (from 9 to 36 months).Bone defects were repaired in all.Primary bone healing was achieved in 5 cases while bone grafting had to be performed in the other 2 cases to repair bone non-union after bone transport.The average healing index (healing time/defect length) was 1.8 month/cm.The wounds were healed in all the 7 cases,6 of which obtained primary healing and one of which healed after skin grafting.The average time for wound healing was 3.3 months (from 2.5 to 6.0 months).Footdrop was observed in 2 cases and pin track infection in one.Conclusion Simultaneous treatment of complex defects at lower extremity with external fixator and bone transport should be recommended,because it is simple and efficient.

Key words:
Bone transplantation;  Tibia;  Wounds and injuries;  External fixator;  Tissue defect


We use a lattice model to calculate the free energy of mixing of semiflexible molecules and molecules of solvent forming a monomolecular layer. The different semiflexible chain configurations are represented using a given plan of occupation of the lattice points. The proposed solution considers only the repulsive forces and the steric hindrance due to the internal rigidity of the chains. The probability of occupation of a point of the lattice is calculated using an average over the entire lattice. We calculate the canonical partition function taking into account the energies of the different chain configurations of the semiflexible molecules. For typical values of the difference in energy between the gauche and the trans configurations, we conclude that the condensed phase has orientational ordering where the molecules are perpendicular to the subphase. We calculate the equilibrium of phases between a system of ordered chains and a system of disordered chains. The results of this calculation allow us to s...


Different forms of nitrogen (N) fertilizer affect disease development; however, this study investigated the effects of N forms on the hypersensitivity response (HR)—a pathogen-elicited cell death linked to resistance. HR-eliciting Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola was infiltrated into leaves of tobacco fed with either or . The speed of cell death was faster in -fed compared with -fed plants, which correlated, respectively, with increased and decreased resistance. Nitric oxide (NO) can be generated by nitrate reductase (NR) to influence the formation of the HR. NO generation was reduced in -fed plants where N assimilation bypassed the NR step. This was similar to that elicited by the disease-forming P. syringae pv. tabaci strain, further suggesting that resistance was compromised with feeding. PR1a is a biomarker for the defence signal salicylic acid (SA), and expression was reduced in -fed compared with fed plants at 24h after inoculation. This pattern correlated with actual SA measurements. Conversely, total amino acid, cytosolic and apoplastic glucose/fructose and sucrose were elevated in - treated plants. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy was used to characterize metabolic events following different N treatments. Following nutrition, polyamine biosynthesis was predominant, whilst after nutrition, flux appeared to be shifted towards the production of 4-aminobutyric acid. The mechanisms whereby feeding enhances SA, NO, and polyamine-mediated HR-linked defence whilst these are compromised with , which also increases the availability of nutrients to pathogens, are discussed.


The invention provides a cyclohexene oxidizing method. The cyclohexene oxidizing method is carried out in a membrane tube reactor. The membrane tube reactor comprises a plurality of tubular reactors and a membrane structure. Outlet ends of the tubular reactors are connected with the membrane structure in a sealing mode. The membrane structure is set to permit liquid materials in the tubular reactors to pass through and not to permit solid materials to pass through. The plurality of tubular reactors are connected with each other in parallel. The method includes the steps of feeding liquid feedstock containing cyclohexene, hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution and organic solvent from a feed port of the membrane tube reactor into the tubular reactors, enabling the liquid feedstock to contact with titanium silicate molecular sieves in the tubular reactors, carrying out solid-liquid separation on products after contact through the membrane structure, and finally obtaining the liquid materials. Through adoption of the method, the oxidizing reaction speed of the cyclohexene can be improved. On the condition of not stopping production, devices or catalysts can be replaced. Moreover, industrialized continuous production that reaction and separation can be simultaneously carried out can be achieved.


This article reviews the plenary assembly of Faith and Order which took place in Moshi, Tanzania, from the 10th to the 24th of August, 1996. The author examines the proposals of the president and the director of the Commission. After critically evaluating the working method, he presents the main topics of study - Ecclesiology, Ecumenical Hermeneutics, Ecclesiology and Ethics, and lastly Worship - and gives a brief account of several noteworthy lectures, in particular those of Professor Birmele and Dr. K. Raiser. The exceptional quality of the Local Church's hospitality also receives mention.


ACE has been pointed out to be involved in the physiopathology of several diseases including hypertension, diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. The somatic ACE weights from 130 to 190 KDa and presents two domains, N‐domain and C‐domain. Whilst the somatic form of ACE was already identified in a considerable range of tissues, the testicular form of ACE is exclusively found on testis. Two soluble isoforms of N‐domain are naturally present in the organism and have been described in ileal fluid and urine of humans, one weighting 65KDa and the other 90KDa. Studies have supported that the 90KDa isoform of the N‐domain of somatic ACE is a biomarker for hypertension, pre‐eclampsia and inflammation.


The long‐standing Rohingya crisis has become complicated due to geopolitical complexities, and more than a million Rohingya refugees remain stranded in Bangladesh. This situation has had a dramatic impact on Bangladesh. Shortages of international funding exacerbate the situation further, and a regional security threat could be created if the current situation continues unabated. The empirical research undertaken in this paper examines the impact of the Rohingya refugees on the social, economic, and political aspects of Bangladesh from a micro level perspective. This study follows a qualitative research methodology that uses analysis of documents and analytical interpretations of 20 in‐depth interviews from Bangladesh. Environmental destruction and the government's dilemma with controlling law and order are apparent consequences of the Rohingya influx. Competition in the labor market, economic hardships, acquiring land, and deforestation create a conflict between the host community and the Rohingya refugee group. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


Graphic-pattern-based implicit authentication has been successfully exploited to elevate the security of smartphones. On-screen pressure is one of the key features in such an approach since it can reveal users' touch pattern. However, state-of-the-art approaches rely on a system API to obtain on-screen pressure, which is not adequately accurate and cannot meet the demands of robust implicit authentication. To bridge this gap, we propose PresSafe, a novel implicit authentication system that utilizes the smartphone's built-in barometer sensor to measure pressure during the unlocking process, and to utilize the pressure data in authentication. A key technical challenge in utilizing barometer sensing, however, is to understand the user activity through measured pressure. To overcome this challenge, PresSafe leverages barometer data along with data from other conventional but heterogeneous ambient sensors to produce accurate and robust user activity descriptions. PresSafe utilizes a transfer-learning-based hybrid workflow to integrate user activity representation learning with a lightweight classical authentication algorithm to obtain a unified model. This approach offloads the computational cost from the terminal and addresses privacy concerns. To ensure applicability of our approach despite data heterogeneity and insufficient training data, we utilize a channel-adaptive data processing mechanism. Extensive experiments utilizing more than 70000 records from 23 volunteers in six different locations show that PresSafe achieves an FAR of 0.45%, an FRR of 0.49%, and an EER of 0.47%, which clearly demonstrate its superiority over several existing solutions.


Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is a neural network training paradigm that is characterized by simplicity, speed and high level of accuracy. The tuning of the network parameters is normally carried out with non-linear optimization algorithms that break this principle of simplicity and reduced execution time. This article shows that ELM network tuning can be performed efficiently by simple optimization algorithms, consistent with its basic philosophy. Experiments with 8 optimization algorithms are shown, considering 6 widely used databases in training algorithm benchmarks. The numerical results show that the Golden Section Algorithm dramatically reduces the network hyperparameter search time compared to the search while maintaining a high level of accuracy.


The algebraic structure of Kendall's tau-b, Stuart's tau-c, Somers' asymmetric tau variants d, and dy,, and Goodman and Kruskal's gamma is reviewed. It is shown that Stuart's assumption that tau-b could attain full + 1 limits only in the trivial case where all the scores are zero, overlooked the nontrivial case where sets of ties of equal extent in both rankings are perfectly congruent. A biological example is given in which the perfect monotonicity of the data can be reflected by Somers' tau variants only if the denominator is corrected for ties in the dependent variate, the opposite of the definition of these variants. Five premises are examined that seem implicit in the approach of biologists to studies involving ordered tables. These are that the associated data may involve simplified continua or existing stepwise progressions or both; that perfect monotonicity is often a reasonable a priori possibility; that marginal subtotals in ordered tables must be expected in general to be unequal; that it is often scientifically undesirable to force equal resolution upon both margins merely to obtain a square table; and most importantly that rank category boundaries must be set a priori, without knowledge of the location of an underlying joint continuum if such exists. Only gamma is found to behave realistically in the light of these premises. A word of caution is added, as it is possible for all tau variants to give artifactitious indications of perfect monotonicity where imperfect associations are coarsened into a few rank-ordered


Given their putative role in chemoprevention, there is an acknowledged need for validated methods for quantification of total glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables. Based on the ferricyanide reaction with the 1‐thioglucose alkaline degradation product of glucosinolates described by Jezek et al. (J Agric Food Chem 47, 4669), we have developed a more simple and sensitive method for extraction and spectrophotometric quantification of total glucosinolates in various cruciferous vegetables. After shock freezing in liquid nitrogen, lyophilized and ground vegetables are treated with 80% boiling methanol to deactivate myrosinase and extract glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are then eluted through a strong anion exchange extraction cartridge, followed by treatment with 2N NaOH to release 1‐thioglucose. After addition of ferricyanide, absorption is measured at 420 nm and final values are adjusted for interfering compounds. Recovery of a sinigrin internal standard was 80%. The intra‐assay coefficient of variation was 7.9%. Linearity in dose response was observed with both internal standard (R2 = 0.99) and amount of plant material extracted (R2 = 0.99). Using sinigrin, the lower limit of detection was 0.1 μm/mL. This straightforward method may serve as an alternative to more time‐consuming and costly chromatographic methods. Support: Healthy Foods, Healthy Lives Institute.


After an introduction of the traditional-fueled generator for emergency power suppply, this paper presents a new "mobile energy storage emergency power supply", in which a low noise and environment friendly ZnBr battery is applied, and detail explain some issue, such as shockproof, assembling method etc.. We solved sevral key problems for installing the ZnBr battery combine in a vehicle and complete the first vehicular flow battery emergency power supply. Its future prospect is also discussed based on our practice.


Stuart, Archibald. Putting Universal Human Rights to Work: Policy Actions in the Struggle for Social Justice. New York: Gordian Knot Books. xi + 241 pages. Paper, $20.00. In Putting Human Universal Rights to Work, Archibald Stuart, an emeritus professor of social work, intends to lay out a logical policy strategy for increasing social justice. He notes, "Social justice can be a vague and abstract objective unless concepts and steps for action are defined in detail" (p. 3). Stuart focuses primarily on class struggle, relegating cultural or social issues to a second tier. He shows how privatization, capitalism, and the free-market often exploit workers and prevent people from escaping poverty. He delineates traditional arguments about equality of opportunity and equality of outcome, explaining how the former is touted as the pinnacle of social justice yet in fact further alienates workers from each other. In a shrinking or stagnant economy, finding a job is a zero-sum game, so simply offering more education does little to alleviate unemployment without concurrent restructuring of the labor market. His solution rests, in large part, on the provision of social security services and government regulation. He also suggests how the economy could be improved by different fiscal policies. For example, Stuart describes how tax credits might give consumers more spending money and thereby grow the economy. Such an effort to increase the well being of a population in a state-level society would be very useful, but the book's weaknesses leave it short of this lofty goal. Repeatedly, Stuart claims he will suggest means of building support for policy actions, yet he conflates all conservatives under the rubric of a "laissez-faire conservatism [which] expresses the theme that the uncontrolled private market should dominate the social and economic process and the best government is one that governs the least" (p. 11). Meanwhile, he characterizes his own social liberalism as "concerned with the social order and social conditions. It is based on the belief in the dignity and worth of each individual..." (p. 15) as if his adversaries did not share those same beliefs. His portrayal of one side as corrupt, uncaring capitalists and the other as moral and just does not create a space for working together and fosters the very antagonism he critiques. Stuart reduces complex socio-cultural motivations to economic interests; for example, he explains, "The economic decline [of the mid-1970s] threatened low-income whites who were afraid of being displaced by African Americans who sought higher education as a means of competing for scarce, good jobs. The result was a backlash against the Civil Rights Movement that led may whites to shift to the conservative Republican party" (p. 8). He also links advances in civil rights to the robust economy of the post-World War II era while linking increases in social security programs to times of economic hardship. He relates the shrinkage of social services in this current time period to "the growing power of conservative forces, the decline in the number of persons employed in manufacturing, and a dramatic decline in union memberships" (p. ix), leaving the reader to wonder whether the introduction of social security in the Roosevelt administration was the result of a perfect storm. …


The analysis and preliminary design of the f48/96 planetary camera for the space telescope are discussed. The camera design is for application to the axial module position of the optical telescope assembly.