In constructing the performance evaluation index system of teachers in the compulsory education,it is of great significance to determine the index weight through the analytic hierarchy process and then form a allocation scheme of wages based on the performance evaluation for the compulsory education teachers.The index setup,the balanced distribution and the scheme of allocating wages proposed by this study does not apply to all schools,but the thought of scientific evaluation and rational allocation,democratic decision-making and analytic hierarchy process have provided a scientific and quantitative perspective for teacher performance evaluation and allocation scheme of wages.The purpose of this paper is to solve the difficulty of current reform of wages based on performance evaluation.


For the production of high reliability, wide use range, low cost of pipeline frequency test rig, the design scheme is determined, the structural design. Design of experiment platform to meet the requirement of experiment, and has practical application value.


The formation of a passive synthetic aperture in a nonisotropic ocean is a complex problem that includes two main areas of investigation. The first one, which is discussed in another study, is related to the limitations imposed by the temporal and spatial coherence properties of the underwater medium on the size of an effective synthetic aperture. The second area of investigation is related to the development of an algorithm that will synthesize coherently the successive spatial information of a small moving line array into an extended aperture. The synthetic aperture techniques, that have been discussed in the open literature, however, have not been fully tested with experimental results including many targets. The present study is concerned with an experimental attempt in forming a long (i.e., 100 λ) synthetic aperture in an ocean where the spatial and temporal coherence properties of the acoustic field are known. For a multitarget environment, results indicated that an optimum synthetic aperture proces...


Hidden hearing loss has been reported in patients with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease; however, the auditory‐processing deficits have not been widely explored. We investigated the psychoacoustic and neurophysiological aspects of auditory processing in patients with CMT disease type 1A (CMT1A) and type 2A (CMT2A).


Meningiomas is the second most common cancer in the central system.The meningioma will be divided into three levels according to the WHO histology and tumour biology.Now,along with the meningioma's development of research and the tumor's development of molecular biology,this meningioma in the genetic research more and more attention to.Including protocarcinogenic gene activation and tumor-suppressor gene inactivation.At present,it is recognized and tumor including meningioma form of cancer genes related the main c-myc genes,BCL-2 genes,Survivin mdm2 gene and gene,tumor suppressor genes p53 genes,p73 main gene,NF-2 gene and p16 genes,etc.These genes through the different mechanism of different change happen eventually involved in the different levels of meningiomas occurrence and development.The research progress is reviewed.


The largest biometric deployment in history is now underway in India, where the Government is enrolling the iris patterns (among other data) of all 1.2 billion citizens. The purpose of the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is to ensure fair access to welfare benefits and entitlements, to reduce fraud, and enhance social inclusion. Only a minority of Indian citizens have bank accounts; only 4 percent possess passports; and less than half of all aid money reaches its intended recipients. A person who lacks any means of establishing their identity is excluded from entitlements and does not officially exist; thus the slogan of UIDAI is: To give the poor an identity." This ambitious program enrolls a million people every day, across 36,000 stations run by 83 agencies, with a 3-year completion target for the entire national population. The halfway point was recently passed with more than 600 million persons now enrolled. In order to detect and prevent duplicate identities, every iris pattern that is enrolled is first compared against all others enrolled so far; thus the daily workflow now requires 600 trillion (or 600 million-million) iris cross-comparisons. Avoiding identity collisions (False Matches) requires high biometric entropy, and achieving the tremendous match speed requires phase bit coding. Both of these requirements are being delivered operationally by wavelet methods developed by the author for encoding and comparing iris patterns, which will be the focus of this Large Data Award" presentation.


For the existing inter-domain authentication mechanism, not considered the security risks by the user platform in cross-domain authentication, a cross-domain authentication method based on trust level was proposed. User trust level, platform trust level and domain trust level was introduced, the trust relationship was dynamically formed on the basis of the trust level assessed value. Safety analysis showed that the use of the cross-domain authentication method can effectively protect the privacy of users and platform environment.


Smart wearables are becoming an irreplaceable part of daily living by supporting their users to maintain or adopt healthier lifestyles and monitor their current status. While the trend is increasing, little has been accomplished in the field of personalized solutions. In the present study, two models derived from distinct conceptual themes were developed, and the performance was evaluated utilizing a wearable prototype in the form of smart glasses. A statistical and a reinforcement learning approach were adopted to construct a personalization layer in terms of a predefined system reaction upon specific user behavior. The settings of the present study involve the user behavior derived from Artificial Intelligence (AI) based human activity recognition, among others, and the system reaction being a supportive Augmented Reality (AR) based functionality. Each approach yielding different benefits and drawbacks, imminently leads to a comparative analysis based on the efficiency offered by assessing the inference, update, and trend handling time. Both models are built upon the user's previous data, resulting in a data driven approach that is entirely different for each user and tailored to the user preferences. The results derived from the comparative analysis indicate that both approaches offer the personalization seeked, with the reinforcement learning approach to adapt faster.


To improve the biodegradability and tissue ingrowth of calcium phosphate cement (CPC), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/lecithin (PLGA/Lec) hybrid microspheres and isostatically-pressed high-strength beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules were incorporated into a CPC matrix. The effect on the mechanical properties, setting time, microstructure and morphology of CPC was studied. Then three samples were selected to investigate the influence of the two additives on the biodegradability and biocompatibility of CPC. The results showed PLGA/Lec microspheres reduced the compressive strength of CPC to some extent, but extended the setting time obviously. Based on adding 10 wt% PLGA/Lec microspheres, 10 wt% β-TCP granules enhanced the compressive strength and shortened the setting time of CPC. Furthermore, PLGA/Lec microspheres improved the degradability of the cement and created macropores suitable for cells ingrowth in situ in the process of degradation. Both PLGA/Lec microspheres and β-TCP granules were tested to stimulate the proliferation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs).


There are some basic characteristics in the campus culture,such as advance,long-term,potential and mutation.The campus culture plays an important role on the quality education of college students and gives a promotion to improve adoptability.It is also in favor of their physical and mental health,and improvement of their interpersonal skills.


One of the reviewers of the first edition of this work seems to have supposed that the author kept no journal of his Wanderings


Fortification of commonly consumed cereals with inexpensive plant protein sources such as soybeans has been exploited to improve the protein quality of staple foods through a mutual complementation of their limiting amino acids. In Ghana and other parts of West Africa, millet is used for the processing of many traditional fermented foods including maasa. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of soybean fortification on the fermentation characteristics and proximate composition of fermented millet dough as well as consumer acceptability of maasa produced from different soy-millet blends. Maasa samples were prepared from a blend of steeped pearl millet grains and pre-soaked, blanched, hand dehulled soybean added at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% replacement levels. The millet-soybean blends were wet-milled, formulated into a dough, spontaneously fermented for 14 h and fried into cake known as maasa. During spontaneous fermentation, samples were analyzed for pH, total titratable acidity, microbial counts and proximate composition. Finally, maasa prepared from the fermented millet-soybean blends were assessed for consumer acceptability using a nine point hedonic scale. There was a general decrease in pH from 5.4-5.5 to 3.9-4.1 pH units and an increase in titratable acidity from 0.10-0.30 to 0.58-1.26 (%lactic acid) during the 14 h fermentation period. Lactic acid bacteria and yeast counts reached 9.7 and 8.0 logcfu/g respectively. Crude protein and fat contents increased with the addition of soybeans whereas carbohydrate content reduced. Consumer sensory evaluation showed that fortification with 20% soybean positively affected taste, colour, texture and the overall acceptability of maasa. Therefore, soybean can be used to fortify the Ghanaian millet-based maasa to improve nutrient quality and acceptability of maasa by replacing 20% of the millet with soybeans prior to milling and fermentation.


INTRODUCTION During the first 100 years after Paul Ehrlich discovered them, mast cells were believed to be a component of connective tissue that was derived from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. However, Kitamura and co-workers 2 demonstrated that mast cells (MCs) arise from multipotent hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow. These cells took their name from the Greek word mastzellen, meaning well-fed as Paul observed the granular nature of the cells. MCs are usually perivascular. They are generally noted to be particularly abundant in tissues that are exposed to the environment. Committed MC progenitors are rare in bone marrow suggesting they are rapidly released into the blood where they circulate and move out into the peripheral tissues. This migration is controlled in a tissue specific manner. Basal trafficking to the intestine or the lung requires expression of α4β7 integrin and the chemokine receptor CXCR2 by the MC progenitors and expression of VCAM-1 in the intestinal and pulmonary endothelium. In humans, MCs have been described to reach densities of up to 500 to 4,000 per mm3 in the lungs, 7,000 to 12,000 per mm3 in skin and 20,000 per mm3 in the gastrointestinal tract. These densities have been noted to increase in the skin of humans that is not covered by clothing, suggesting that regions that experience continual environmental exposure respond by either recruiting more MCs or inducing their local proliferation. Since their discovery in 1878, MCs have primarily been regarded as effector cells promoting harmful IgE mediated allergic reactions following secondary exposure to allergens. However, in the last decade they were being increasingly recognized for their key role in pathogen recognition, and in initiating primary protective innate and adaptive immune responses. To function as immune surveillance cells, MCs must be able to interact with incoming pathogens. MC activation usually occurs through at least 3 mechanisms of pathogen recognition: (i) direct binding of pathogens or their components by pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptors located on the MC surface; (ii) binding of opsonized bacteria or their products by complement receptors or immunoglobulin receptors, or (iii) recognition of endogenous peptides produced by infected or injured host cells. One class of PAMP receptors are the Toll like receptors (TLRs). Each TLR binds a specific component of different pathogens. Human MCs have been shown to express TLR-1,-2,-3,-4,5,-6,-7 and -9 under certain conditions.


Carajasia is described as a new genus of Rubiaceae. It is so far known only from the mountain summits of Serra dos Carajas (Para, Brazil), where it is part of a shrubby vegetation surrounded by tropical rainforest. The new genus belongs to the tribe Spermacoceae and is positioned within it to the Spermacoce clade. Carajasia is unique within the clade in having a very particular combination of characters: flowering branches with two axillary flowers per node, homostylous flowers, corollas with a fringe of moniliform hairs, pubescent styles with distinct stigma lobes, bilobed nectariferous discs covered by triangular papillae, pollen with a double reticulum and fruits with a peculiar type of dehiscence. A detailed description of Carajasia is presented, including observations of the fruit and pollen, along with distribution maps and images of the plant in its habitat. A dichotomous key to distinguish Carajasia from other genera with deeply divided stigmas is provided. A molecular phylogenetic study was carried out using ITS and ETS sequences to determine the phylogenetic position of the new genus within the Spermacoce clade. The results of the combined analyses demonstrated that Carajasia is sister to Galianthe with moderate to high support. Both genera form a weakly supported clade with Schwendenera . This clade is sister to the other genera of the Spermacoce clade studied in this work. Galianthe and Schwendenera share with Carajasia pollen with a double reticulum, but they are clearly differentiated by suffruticose habit, heterostylous flowers and the pattern of fruit dehiscence. To clarify the phylogenetic position of Carajasia , some morphological characters are discussed based on the molecular results: division of the stigma, pollen types and floral syndrome.


This paper presented a method for near real time obtaining the accurate Zenith Tropospheric Delay(ZTD).The method,which was based on the un-differenced observation data of global GPS reference station network and the IGU predicted products(satellite orbit and ERP),used un-differenced GPS technology and Kalman filter to estimate the near real time accurate ZTD of reference stations.The method was applied to the Hong Kong GPS Reference Station Network,the obtained ZTD was compared with the ZTD calculated by the technique,and it was found that the average deviations were both better than 5mm,RMS were both better than 6mm.


Least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) classifiers are a class of simple, yet powerful, kernel methods whose solution follows from a set of linear equations. Here, forward and backward algorithms, based on this technique, are proposed for fast and efficient variable selection. By exploiting the structure of the LS-SVM solution a closed form expression for the leave-one-out (LOO) estimator, useful for selecting variables, is obtained. For inclusion or removal of a new variable, rank-one adjustments in the kernel matrix (linear kernel) allow for updating, rather than recomputing, the LS-SVM solution. The proposed approach is applied to microarray data for gene selection. Simulations clearly show lower computational complexity along with good stability on the generalization performance when compared to other related algorithms.


The conformation of poly(methyl methacrylate) adsorbed from dilute solution on nonporous silica was investigated by ESR method using three-component spectrum analysis. The fraction of the polymer segments in train, short loop, and long loop or tail, as well as the rotational correlation time for the segments were examined with regard to molecular weight (M=103–3×106), the degree of adsorption, and the particle size of silica. In CCl4, the saturation adsorption, As, increased from 6 to 16×10−8 g cm−2, the fraction of polymer segments in train, p, decreased from 0.9 to 0.4, and the segment mobility reduced with the increase in molecular weight, respectively. Remarkable changes in As and p were found in a range of molecular weight of 5×104. In benzene, the values of As and p were less dependent on molecular weight than the cases of adsorption in CCl4. Marked effects of intrachain interactions on the conformation were revealed for the adsorption of coiled polymers with high molecular weight from CCl4 solution...


Various researches have shown that the presence of exceptional child could reduce parental marital satisfaction. In the present research, the effectiveness of Logotherapy program based on Islamic-Iranian values with the aim of improving marital satisfaction among parents of exceptional children was studied. The research method of this study was quasi-experimental design with pre/post and two months follow up and a control group. The population included all mothers of slow-paced children who were accidentally assigned to experiment (11 participants) and control (9 participants) groups. Before beginning the Logotherapy program based on Islamic-Iranian values, the participants were asked to answer Afrooz Marital Satisfaction Scale (AMSS). The findings of the research revealed that the interventional program could significantly improve marital satisfaction which was stable in two-month follow up stage. Based on research findings, the mentioned program could increase marital satisfaction in parents of exceptional children and can be used by the psychologists, counsellors and families of exceptional children.


There are three common anchoring methods of foundation bolt for hydraulic press.The first is preburied bolt method,which is mainly used for anchoring of hook bolt.The second is pre-buried anchor plate method, which is mainly used for anchoring of T-type foundation bolt.The last is reserved hole method,which is mainly used for anchoring of anchor plate bolt.The detailed applications of the above three methods in the hydraulic press have been introduced in the text,and the calculations of anchoring strength and depth have been put forward,as well as the screwing and unscrewing bolts.


Correct performance assessment is essential to determine the health of microfinance institution. Various tools are used to measure the performance, among others, financial ratio and service. Those tools refer mostly to commercial bank standard that has different market orientation. The research aimed to assess non-financial performance using harmonious culture designed into a computer application model. Exploratory sequential mixed methods research design used to build the model. Data were collected through in-depth interview with the head of microfinance institutions to build instrument survey and then conducted interpretation to build the model. The qualitative study result indicates that non-financial performance in form of risk management and general management had been legitimated by harmonious culture. The quantitative study result found five dimensions of risk management used in building the model. Those dimensions were credit quality, collateral quality, customary rules, traditional leaders, and belief to karma law. The dimensions had a significant influence on performance. General management consisted of prayer buildings construction, religious activities, facilities and infrastructures construction, cultural festivals, funerals, wedding ceremony, education, health, art groups, and business groups had influence on performance. The model developed could facilitate the non-financial performance calculation. The non-financial performance assessment model could be developed according to the existing environment. Microfinance institution administrators had a new alternative to assess performance that is easier to understand by the employees. Keywords—Harmonious culture; performance; application model; microfinance institution


conquest and the revolution of 1399, and the way in which the great administrative departments of state sprang from it. Beginning as a study of the king's personal chamber and wardrobe, it blossomed into a study, first, of the principal and less personal offices of the chancery, the exchequer and the privy seal-their growing complexity and bureaucratization, their increasing professionalism and specialization, and their eventual permanent settlement in or near Londonand, second, of the way in which these offices affected, and were affected by, the relationship between individual kings and their subjects. The focus of Tout's work was the court and the central government, institutions and administration.2 It is too readily forgotten, however, that Tout had a profound appreciation of the humanity of his subject. He believed, rightly, that a familiarity with the structure of the administrative machine was essential to a proper understanding of its working and a full appreciation of those who worked it. But towards the end of his life, he made clear where the emphasis should lie: 'To understand that machine properly one has to learn something about the men engaged in * I owe several items of information quoted in this paper to the kindness of Dr. R. W. Dunning and Dr. R. S. Thomas.


An extrapyramidal tract syndrome is reported in an 1 1-year-old boy following treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Results of investigations and the possible pathophysiology of this disorder are discussed. Cancer 43:1587-1589, 1979.


Dark matter candidates are natural in technicolor theories. We introduce a general framework allowing to predict signals of technicolor dark matter at colliders and set constraints from Earth-based experiments such as CDMS and XENON. We show that the associate production of the composite Higgs can lead to relevant signals at the Large Hadron Collider.


This research paper presents a group project framework for a second-year programming course, which was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The framework offers well defined stages of the group project which allow students to work on their choice of a real-world problem, integrate their learnings from previous courses, and present a working solution. In the group project, students actively participate, reflect, and contribute to achieving the goals set in the learning objectives of the course. Our framework incorporates key features from Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory (1984) and principles of active learning from Barnes (1989) to achieve active and experiential learning through active supervision. The use of group projects as a teaching pedagogy is widely adopted in many universities. Students work together, develop a plan, and demonstrate their abilities in building on existing knowledge acquired from previous courses, and apply them appropriately for problem solving. Prior to the pandemic, it was the norm for students to work on their group projects together by meeting physically on campus. Key benefits of working together physically are having the support of one another and the ease of communication. With the onset of the pandemic, safe distancing measures, and restrictions put in place have made it challenging for students to work on group projects together. During the pandemic, many courses were forced to move online with limited face-to-face learning opportunities on campus. This posed great challenges to the faculty in terms of effective supervision of students and their project progress. To mitigate the challenges, we devised a flexible strategy that makes use of both technology-based and non-technological means for monitoring students' group project milestones. The faculty receives continuous updates from students as they work towards each milestone. These milestones serve as important checkpoints for students. Continuous checks at different milestones help the faculty adopt appropriate intervention measures as issues arise. The group project learning framework consists of three main stages, namely Group Formation, Scoping of the Project, and Group Solutioning. The framework is overlaid with Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory concepts to describe the learnings, milestones, and deliverables of each stage. Each of these stages adopts Barnes's principles of active learning to enable active participation, reflection, and contribution by students. We evaluated the success of this framework through a comprehensive student survey analysis. The survey asked specific questions to students on all stages of the group project and the overarching component of teamwork and working online. We also present our findings and lessons learned for improvements of the framework. We believe that our framework will be valuable to educators in computing programs that wish to adopt effective supervision measures for group projects.


and Europe as a whole, will face a shortage of doctors before 2010.5 This projection, based on modest assumptions of growth in demand, does not fully take into account reductions in working hours or demands resulting from technological advances. There is little doubt among practising doctors, both in hospital medicine and in general practice, that the demands and pressures on them are increasing rapidly. Consultants' caseloads are mounting inexorably and technical complexity is increasing while junior support declines, both proportionately and in terms of doctor hours. At the same time, managerial demands multiply and educational bodies are insisting on a greater educational input as a condition of continued approval of posts.6 Medical advances almost invariably increase the demands on doctors' time, and it is this increased intensity ofworking that has made the long hours of many doctors intolerable. Despite hopes that some tasks inappropriate to junior doctors can be delegated to other groups of staff the new deal on juniors' hours risks worsening the situation by increasing the intensity of work still further, notwithstanding the shorter working week. Meanwhile general practitioners, facing increased demands, have voted to explore alternatives to their current responsibility for 24 hour cover. The extent of the frustration and demoralisation among junior doctors, both male and female, has been documented by Allen.' The conditions under which NHS doctors work are increasingly unhealthy and debilitating, and increasing numbers in all grades and specialties are seeking ways out. The undoubted job satisfaction of medical practice has insulated the NHS to a considerable degree from the expectation in society at large of increased leisure time, but this is changing. The steering committee itself states the need for better working practices, observing that "if these changes do not take place, disenchantment will grow,... leading to increased drop out rates" with "the potential for staff shortages." Disappointingly, the committee has so far felt able to. recommend only a tiny step towards establishing acceptable levels of medical staffing in the NHS. The battle to achieve these is perhaps the most important one facing Britain's doctors during the 1990s. Failure is likely to have serious consequences, both for patients and for the medical workforce. STEPHEN BREARLEY


Introduction: The transfer of a fiduciary guarantee must obtain approval from the Fiduciary Giver (Debtor) and the Fiduciary Recipient (Creditor) but in reality there is often a transfer process by the Fiduciary Giver to the buyer who is the third person which is carried out without the knowledge of the Fiduciary recipient (Creditor).Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this paper is to find out and analyze the Legal Protection of Ownership Rights of Fiduciary Guarantee Objects that have been transferred without the knowledge of the creditor. Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical research, the type of research is descriptive analytical. The sources of legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials used in this research is through literature study. The analysis of legal materials is descriptive qualitative.Results of the Research: The results showed that: 1). Legal protection for third parties who have received ownership rights over the object of fiduciary security carried out by the fiduciary giver (debtor) without the knowledge of the fiduciary guarantee recipient (creditor) has never been regulated in the Fiduciary Law. 2). As explained in Pasal 19, Pasal 21 ayat 1, 2, 3, and 4, Pasal 24 and Pasal 25 of the Fiduciary Law that payments for installments on the object of fiduciary security that have been transferred by the fiduciary guarantee provider (debtor) to a third party are made without the knowledge of the fiduciary recipient (creditor) is still part of the debtor's obligation to pay off the installments of the fiduciary guarantee


The Power Burst Facility (PBF) is a test reactor designed to perform tests on light water reactor fuels under normal, off-normal and accident conditions. The facility is located at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and has operated from 1972 to 1985. The PBF is capable of simulating reactivity initiated accidents, power cooling mismatch accidents, anticipated transients with and without scram, loss of coolant accidents and severe fuel damage accidents. The PBF reactor core is comprised of a total of 121 14.9 by 14.9 by 152.4 cm square cells. Eight of these cells are control rods that are made of boron carbide with 76.5 wt.% boron. These control rods are used as the primary reactivity control. In addition, there are four transients rods made of the same boron carbide material. The transient rods are used for adjusting reactor power at various rates during transient tests. The fuel rods are comprised of urania (20.6%), zirconia (61.8%) and calcia (7.6%) fuel pellets (UO2-CaO-ZrO2). Fuel pellets are surrounded by CaOZrO2 insulator sleeve and 304L stainless steel cladding. Active fuel length is about 114 cm. Uranium enrichment is 18 w%. The center of the core is occupied by an In-Pile-Tube (IPT) that is subjected to highest thermal flux in the core. This allows higher power densities in the test fuel compared to the core. Maximum core steady-state power is 28 MW and the maximum energy release for natural and shaped bursts is 1350 MJ. The project will evaluate select experimental data from the PBF tests documented in PBF reports for inclusion in the International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) Handbook. These tests include experimental data regarding differential reactivity worth of the control and transient rods, shim rod worth, in-pile-tube reactivity worth, shutdown reactivity, fuel assembly reactivity worth, core void coefficients of reactivity, in-pile-tube void coefficient, and coolant temperature coefficient of reactivity.


The lack of knowledge about users' information needs will likely impede the applicability of mobile applications to more effectively support users' contextual search behavior. In this paper, we present results from a well-conducted diary study that aimed to learn persons' mobile information needs during their leisure traveling. The analysis of above 200 diary entries of subjects' information needs interestingly suggests question types, intents and topics that these needs exhibited. Moreover, the study reveals respective roles of different context factors, such as location, time and activity, in influencing and prompting users' information needs. Design implications are concluded at the end to show the insights of this study to improve current mobile services.


We studied the electrical properties and device performance of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell when i-ZnO is replaced by i-ZnMgO. Admittance spectroscopy reveals a deep level attributed to the i-ZnMgO/CdS interface. The capacitance voltage experiment indicates a pronounced reduction of carrier concentration in the p-CIGS absorber. Inserting a thin i-ZnO layer between i-ZnMgO and CdS completely removes the detrimental effect of the interface states and partially reverts the carrier concentration reduction effect. Device simulations indicate that the open circuit voltage is lowered due to the carrier concentration reduction while the fill factor is sensitive to the defects at the interface.


According to The American Cancer Society, ovarian cancer will cause ~14,000 deaths in the US in 2021. Despite recent advances in therapy, clinical outcomes remain poor and there is a great unmet need for newer therapies for ovarian cancer patients. Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) consist of two single chain variable fragments (scFVs) linked via a peptide linker and are being studied as a tool against many different cancers. BiTEs redirect T cell activity towards tumor cells in an MHC independent manner by bringing T cells close to a tumor associated antigen (TAA). A BiTE targeting CD19 has been approved for treating ALL, however the success of BiTEs in treating solid tumor remains limited. Two reasons that reduce the efficacy of BiTEs in solid tumors are 1) their short half-life which drastically reduces their availability 2) tumor heterogeneity preventing targeting by a single BiTE. Tumors downregulate TAA expression in response to targeted therapy allowing treatment escape. Development of novel BiTEs with longer serum half-lives and in vivo delivery strategies which allow rapid customization of BiTEs is important. Here we describe a strategy for in vivo assembly using the Knob-in-hole (KIH) approach. We designed two different DNA encoded KIH (dKIH), targeting Her2 and FSHR, and studied their ability to be assembled in vivo into functional therapeutics. The knobs encoded full length antibodies engineered to target either Her2 or FSHR. We designed a third construct as the hole to target CD3. Following in vitro characterization, we injected NSG mice with KIH pairs for Her2+CD3 or FSHR+ CD3 and studied their expression and function. Sera from mice injected with Her2 or FSHR dKIH bound tumor cells expressing Her2 or FSHR respectively. Sera from mice from both groups also bound to T cells. We observed that both dKIH resulted in mouse sera with high potency (pg level) killing of ovarian cancer cell lines expressing Her2 and FSHR in an in vitro killing assay. A single injection of either dKIH allowed for in vivo expression and tumor killing for over a month post injection which is a significant improvement over delivery of protein KIH. This study demonstrates the potential of in vivo assembly of KIH. The patients produce their own therapy, which allows to skip complex bioprocessing steps and makes KIH delivery simpler and cheaper. This study illustrates the potential to improve immunotherapy outcomes for ovarian cancer patients via in vivo assembly of multiple BiTEs.
 Citation Format: Pratik Sanjivkumar Bhojnagarwala, Ali Raza Ali, Drew Frase, Abhijeet Kulkarni, Devivasha Bordoloi, David B. Weiner. Personalized ovarian cancer therapy using in vivo assembled bi-specific antibodies targeting Her2 and FSHR [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2913.


Disclosed is a ventilation filter which has a shape that is suitable for preventing separation of a first adhesive layer when a protective film is separated from a second adhesive layer. Specifically disclosed is a ventilation filter which comprises: a first adhesive layer (2) that is formed on a base sheet (1); a ventilation film (3) that is formed on the first adhesive layer (2); a second adhesive layer (4) that is formed on the ventilation film (3); and a protective film (5) that is formed on the second adhesive layer (4). The first adhesive layer (2) and the second adhesive layer (4) respectively have an opening, and the protective film (5) is provided with an incision (7) that extends from the outer periphery of the protective film (5) to a position that corresponds to the opening of the second adhesive layer (4).


Modern Olympic Games' emphasis on ecology and environment and highlighting of ecological sports precisely indicates "ecology value" to the people,whose core idea lies in the ecological sports,namely a coordination of sports,science and technology,cultural and ecological environment.The paper has discussed the concept and characteristic of the ecological value of science and technology,elaborating the ecological value science and technology is the foundation of Three Concepts of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games,and has decoded them from the perspective of ecological value of science and technology.


Counseling licensure portability is in a state of crisis. The collaborative 20/20 initiative made headway in establishing the profession's objectives toward consistent licensure standards across states; however, inconsistencies and significant barriers persist. The authors conducted a qualitative content analysis to understand the logistics associated with interstate portability of counseling licenses in the Rocky Mountain Region of the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming). Results describe participants' experiences in fulfilling licensure requirements and the barriers encountered because of discrepancies in practice standards. Recommendations for counselors, supervisors, and state licensing boards are described.


REPUTATIONAL harm is regarded as "one of the earliest injuries" recognised by almost every society.' As United States Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart stated, society's interest in protecting an individual's interest in his own good name reflects the social value of "the essential dignity and worth of every human being-a concept at the root of any decent system of ordered liberty".2 At the same time, the law of defamation often conflicts with freedom of the press in that "the possibility of civil (or criminal) liability for published words is inconsistent with a totally free press is truism".3 In the United States and England courts have long endeavoured to accommodate the conflict between libel law and press freedom.4 Such judicial efforts, however, are far from satisfactory. As the authors of a leading American media law book have noted, "Few areas of law are more complex than libel or more dependent upon verbal nuance that varies from one jurisdiction to another."5 In a similar vein, an English judge has characterised his country's defamation law as "artificial and archaic".6 These and other critical comments7 on the tort of libel derive


The Yankee Plant is presently under construction in New England. It is designed as a 134 Mwe utility plant and will be connected to an existing electrical network. The nuclear steam generator and especially novel aspects of the reactor and connecting systems are discussed. The Yankee reactor is a water cooled, water moderated, low enrichment, stainless clad unit controlled with silver cadmium rods. In order to provide sufficient negative reactivity to permit cooling down the reactor if necessary, provision is also made for introduction of neutron absorbing chemical compounds. The plant locntion and significant local controlling conditions are discussed. The physical arrangement of the plant is described. The main coolant loops consisting of pumps, ateam generntors, valves and piping are described. The vapor container and arrangement of equipment within the container are discussed. Necessary auxiliary systems are described. Equipment for the nuclear steam generator is also described. This includes the reactor vessel, steam generators, core, control rod drive mechanisms, etc. A discussion of the planned schedule and expected costs is included. (auth)


This work is based on the museological classification of the saddle collection of the Museum of Ethnography in Budapest. The collection consists of cca 150 saddles, two-thirds of which comes from Hungarian speaking areas, one third from Northern Africa, Asia and Finland. The author describes the development of saddles and their different types by analysing the objects and professional literature. Making and ornamenting saddles, harnesses and equipments of the saddles for different purposes are described here. The most famous Hungarian saddle making centre and the most widespread Hungarian type, the Tiszafured type are highlighted. Cultural history of this Eastern heritage from the ancient history of Hungarians upto the present is presented. It also refers to the significant traditions of Hungarian riding culture (Hungarian hussar) and to the new areas and possibilities of current saddle usage (sport, turism, recreation).


From the 4th year (1525) to the 38th year (1559) of the reign of Jiajing Emperor(Ming Danasty), Yang Shen was permanently exiled to Yunnan, a remote place in southwest China, to serve in the army as punishment of the Grand Rites Controversy. He died there in endless homesick that lasted through his penalty years. His life, his self-evaluation and more than hundreds of his writings all await further clarification and exploration. This thesis, with reference to reappearing Yang Shen's regional experience and writings, the core problemn is how Yang Shen introspected himself through writing and practices. Influenced by the academic atmosphere of Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen had always been an advocator of textural criticism, arguing that traveling in natural mountains and waters was just as important as readings to learn the world and ascertained that one must not neglect either to success. Yang Shen obtained his vision of "discarding humbled opinions" and "knowledgeble mind". His unique system of knowledge is also the character of his writings in Yunnan. Bearing his previous identity and memories and the desire for knowledge formed under time influences, Yan Shen was determined to assume historical duty. He traveled to many places, studied carefully and recorded many tales and historical recordings about Yunnan. Such content is dominant in his writings in Yunnan. Meanwhile, his traveling within Yunnan and 7 commutes between Yunnan and Sichuan led his attention to the local landscape and cultural, so established his relation with space. he then further identified himself from others, and started the conflict between homesickness and local settlement. Therefore, the author of this thesis inspects Yang Shen's poems, travels and essays written after he was exiled. The restriction in exile, on one hand, provided Yang Shen with a material space, by which he reversed the adversity to abundantly realize the creation level of "one must be discreet and persistent to be a great literati", while on the other hand it bring Yang Shen severe homesickness. Exiled to a place far away from home, he became a wanderer who had always been dreamt about his home and glorious days as an official. He searched, settled and tried to identify where home was all through his 30 years of living experience in Yunnan.


There is a paucity of knowledge of whitegrub pest species in black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) plantations, which hampers the development of integrated pest management programmes. This study determined the composition and community structure of the various whitegrub morphospecies that attacked seedlings during their re-establishment on 10 previous wattle sites in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Whitegrub specimens collected from these trials were examined in the laboratory to determine which morphospecies were present and their abundance. Morphospecies were separated on the basis of their species-specific raster patterns. Multivariate analyses were done using PRIMER (Plymouth Routines in Multivariate Ecological Research) as statistical package. The proportions of morphospecies at the different sites were evaluated by using the non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (MDS). Thirteen whitegrub pest morphospecies were found attacking A. mearnsii seedlings. About 98%of the total whitegrub abundance was represented by seven morphospecies and the remaining about 2%was represented by six whitegrub morphospecies. Three different whitegrub pest community structure patterns were found. The black wattle silvicultural weeding and plantation residue management practices of the South African forestry industry explained the resultant three whitegrub pest community assemblages. These practices were windrowed-burnt-weeded or with closer spacing, weeded fallow sites and windrowed-burnt-ripped or planted in an old arable land. The greatest species richness (13 morphospecies) and abundance (95 %) of whitegrubs was the community assemblage under the windrowed and burnt silvicultural practices. The whitegrub pest community was less abundant (3% and 2%) and diverse (six and five morphospecies) in sites that were left fallow before planting and where the silvicultural practices were windrowing, burning and ripping or planting in an old arable site, respectively.


This paper presents a feasibility study of a technique for measuring the distance between two trains following one another through a tunnel at a distance of several kilometers. A preliminary series of measurements was performed in the Channel Tunnel, between France and England, in order to characterize the propagation of high-frequency waves in such an environment, with the primary objective of showing the influence of frequency on received power. After a description of the main results of this first phase, a measurement system based on correlation techniques and employing pseudorandom sequences is presented. The last section of this paper reports the test results produced by the prototype; these results show promise in terms of range and measurement accuracy.


One of the preconditions for further development of small and medium-sized enterprises, which comprise a majority in total number of enterprises, is identification and exploitation of digital opportunities. The study aim is to explore e-commerce trends in Latvia's and Poland's small and medium-sized enterprises. The study was conducted on the basis of scientific publications, data of the statistical bureaus of Latvia and Poland on use of information and communication technologies, and e-commerce by small and medium-sized enterprises, and other sources of information. The following research methods were used in the research: monographic descriptive method, analysis, synthesis, statistical method. The research results show that Latvia's and Poland's small and medium-sized enterprises relatively little use e-commerce opportunities both for their operations, and for buying and selling transactions.


The conventional narrative surrounding the post-9/11 "War on Terror" tends to characterize the US Congress as a mostly inactive and compliant bystander, bowing to an aggressive assertion of unilateral presidential authority and power by the Bush administration. However, clarifying the conceptual framework used to examine legislative–executive interactions and congressional foreign policy behavior to account for varying patterns of interaction and varying avenues of influence yields an alternative explanation. While there is some truth to the conventional wisdom about a Congress rallying to support the president in time of war, applying the refined conceptual framework brings a more complex story into sharper focus. Viewed through this alternative lens, we see that members of Congress, and the institution as a whole, played a more discriminating and substantial—yet still predictable—role consistent with the context of the situation and the broad historical forces and patterns that combine to shape congressional foreign policy behavior and influence. Once the context and forces shaping congressional behavior and legislative–executive interactions are understood, congressional engagement (or lack thereof) in the War on Terror from 2001 to 2009 emerges as a relatively predictable sequence of initial compliance, (rallying) giving way first to competition and then to confrontation.


We report a system of two independent strontium optical lattice standards probed with a single shared ultra-narrow laser. This allows verification of relative stability of both optical standards. The absolute frequency of the clocks can be roughly verified by the use of an optical frequency comb with the GPS-disciplined Rb frequency standard or, more accurately, by a long distance stabilized fiber optic link with the UTC(AOS) and UTC(PL) via the OPTIME network.


In the article an authors exams the issues of the features of mortgage relations in Ukraine and their dependence on the separate factors, and the impact on mortgage lending in Ukraine and the development of the mortgage market housing


To control hypertension in Iran, one of the most preventable diseases, a program was established in rural areas of the country, employing the main strategy of people screening aged 30 years old and above, confirmation of suspected cases, offering cares and follows up. This program is integrated in the primary health care system at rural areas. An evaluation system embedded in the program, helps collecting data on main variable defined, including new cases and care taken. According to the results, the defects of the program are mainly categorized as education and referral system accessibility.


Synthetic insecticides are still widely used in gardens and greenhouses of ornamental crops to reduce populations of insect pests and preserve flower quality. The improper and unwise use of synthetic insecticides has caused various negative impacts on humans, insect pests, and the environment. Therefore, the quest for unharmed insecticides and environmentally friendly is being sought. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of botanical insecticide formulation of neem and citronella oil to control long-tailed mealybug Pseudococcus longispinus. Four insecticide concentrations of neem, citronella oil and its mixtures (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 per cent) were tested for their effectiveness by adding each with Latron at 0.5% as an emulsifier. Bioassays were performed in the laboratory by spraying insecticides on Phalaenopsis leaves infested with P. longispinus groups of one size class, mostly represented by the third instar nymphs. The results revealed that all insecticides tested caused mortality after 24 hours. The combination of neem and citronella in 1.5% provided adequate protection by reducing P. longispinus populations by up to 86%. Thus, botanical insecticides can be recommended as a viable alternative to synthetic insecticides against P. longispinus which infested orchids.


We carry out the Hamiltonian analysis of the local vacuum energy sequestering model —a manifestly local and diffeomorphism invariant extension of general relativity which has been shown to remove the radiatively unstable contribution to the vacuum energy generated by matter loops. We find that the degravitation of this UV sensitive quantity is enforced via global relations that are a consequence of the model's peculiar constraint structure. We also show that the model propagates the proper number of degrees of freedom and thus locally reduces to general relativity on-shell.


When properly undertaken, the sample survey provides an objective, efficient, and valid method of obtaining the characteristics of an entire population from only a small part of that population. First introduced in Europe at the beginning of the century, the basic method has been used in the United States for about 50 years (Kruskal and Mosteller, 1980; Seng, 1951). There have been two phases of development of the sample survey in this country. The first phase, which began in the middle 1930s, involved the development of basic probability sampling theory, the acceptance of probability sampling as the method of choice for obtaining representative samples, and the application of the method in a broad range of topic areas involving personal interview household surveys. In the late 1960s and early 1970s sample survey development entered a second phase, which witnessed an even broader utilization of survey sampling methodology as well as an updating of techniques and procedures to be more in line with broader changes in our society and with available technology.


This chapter examines the social, political, and economic factors underlying the Salvadoran civil war, and the development of the organizations that ultimately contested the war. The military government's intense, disproportionate repression of even moderate reformers both accelerated progress toward war and served as a tactic of war. Similarly, the histories, and prehistories, of both state and rebel organizations informed their strategies and tactics in conflict. El Salvador's civil war featured well-organized, ideologically sophisticated Communist rebels, who sought control of the state, rather than resource wealth, secession, or ethnic domination. Facing them was a generally inept and brutal state force, which ultimately required vast amounts of assistance from the United States—military and otherwise—to avoid losing the war outright. Yet there was little demographic difference between the fighting forces, in terms of age, education, ethnicity, or other factors. The chapter then looks at some broad, structural similarities and differences between El Salvador's war and others.


The present invention is excellent conductivity (Conductivity) and high work function (Work function) and excellent have a transparency (Transparency) there indium tin oxide (Indium-Tin-Oxide: ITO) is used as a transparent electrode in the display industry, for the surface treatment of that, more specifically, the present invention relates to an improved characteristic properties of the OLED element prepared by using the oxygen plasma method and at the same time, ITO surface treatment using a heat treatment in an oxygen plasma atmosphere, and a method. By adding the heat treatment step the oxygen plasma irradiation process to adsorb oxygen and striking the electronegativity of the large negative charge on the ITO surface at a high energy to the active oxygen radicals or atoms, molecules ITO surface highly reactive. After Anode (positive) hole (Hole) Mobility is greater entered through the electrode is to serve to draw accumulated between the HTL and the EML by adsorbed oxygen striking the negative charges are attracted to e of the accumulated positive charge cathode holes and electrons whereby the number of matchuge the balance made up of the effective combination of holes and electrons results in a better performance of the OLED device.


This paper aims at processing the gravimagnetic data of Tacheng basin,while using the seismic and magnetotelluric section data as the restrictions to cope with the ambiguity in inversion.Finally we obtain the distribution of Carboniferous stratum and its depth.Compared with other measured data,the results are basically sound.


A DC to DC converter is used as power conditioner for charging a battery through an unregulated power supply. From previous methods used for charging battery it has been found that the current loop used in parallel operation of a power conditioner suffers an inborn problem of stability, which affects the overall system performance and power extracting potential of the solar panel.. Here a method is suggested that will transform the effective input characteristic of a power converter seen by the solar panel into resistive load. The resistance can be controlled accurately using a Buck-type dc/dc converter, which is controlled by a microcontroller-based unit. Thus, the method described here will eliminate the instability associated with current loop in photovoltaic battery system and extract maximum power from the solar panel. The proposed method is simple, flexible and expandable as compared to previous analog methods. The proposed charge controller enhances the PV output power.


Objective To compare the effects of paired associative stimulation (PAS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on motor cortex excitability.Methods The baseline corticospinal excitability of the left hemispheres of 10 healthy subjects was measured in terms of resting motor threshold (RMT) and other indicators of motor evoked potentials (MEP).On the following day they received PAS composed of trascranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the motor cortex of the left hemisphere and electric stimulation (ES) of the median nerve contralateral to the motor cortex,with an interval of 10ms between the TMS and ES (termed PAS10).The PAS10 was delivered at a frequency of 0.05 Hz and an intensity of 120% of the RMT,for a total of 90 pulses.The MEP amplitude,MEP latency and RMT were evaluated one minute after the stimulation.After the PAS intervention,an interval of one week was allowed to eliminate any effect of PAS on motor cortex excitability.Then rTMS was delivered to the subjects' left motor cortex at the same time of day at a frequency of 1 Hz and an intensity of 120% of the RMT,for a total of 1000 pulses.MEP amplitude,MEP latency and RMT were evaluated one minute after the stimulation.The two interventions were compared in terms of MEP amplitude,MEP latency and RMT.Results The average MEP amplitude,MEP latency and RMT at baseline were (2.93 ± 0.99) mV,(20.97 ± 1.67) ms,and (46.06 ±5.32) %,respectively.One minute after PAS10,the MEP amplitude,MEP latency and RMT were (1.14 ± 0.76) mV,(21.87 ± 1.09) ms and (52.06 ±4.20) %,respectively.One minute after rTMS,the MEP amplitude and latency and the RMT were (2.24 ± 0.79) mV,(20.88 ± 1.94) ms,and (49.00 ± 4.54) %,respectively.The differences in MEP amplitude,MEP latency and RMT pre-and post-intervention were (0.69 ± 0.10) mV,(0.09 ±0.05) ms and (3.94 ± 0.93) %,respectively for rTMS.For PAS10 they were (1.83 ± 0.14) mV,(0.90 ± 0.26)ms and (6.00 ± 1.13)%,respectively.The differences in MEP amplitude decrease and MEP latency lengthening between the two stimulation protocols were significant,but the difference in RMT elevation was not.Conclusion Both PAS10 and low frequency rTMS suppressed motor cortex excitability,but the suppressive effect of PAS10 is more significant.

Key words:
Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Paired associative stimulation; Cerebral cortex


Tobacco dependence is a chronic addiction disease,and bupropion is a non-nicotine drug to treat tobacco dependence.Bupropion may treat tobacco dependence through the following mechanisms:inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine and noradrenalin,antagonizing the effect of nicotine at the nicotinic receptor site,inhibiting dopamine release of the nicotine vesicles.Studies have proved bupropion is a safe and effective drug to smoking cessation,and can obviously improve the quit smoking rate.

Key words:
Bupropion; Smoking cessation; Mechanism; Effect; Safety


ABSTRACT Social support is one of the strongest determinants of bereavement outcomes, yet little is understood about the community's recognition of grief and intentions to provide social support to grieving persons. A total of 476 adults responded to an online vignette and questionnaire measuring grief norms and supportive intentions. Respondent gender, age, and bereavement status all had some association with expectations of grief, intentions to support, perceived helpfulness of support attempts, and opinions toward the diagnostic classification of grief. Given that most bereavement support is informal, this study informs the development of community capacity to provide constructive, timely bereavement support.


Background— To assess relationships between pediatric lipids and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the 4 th -5 th decades, we conducted 22-31 year follow-up studies (1998-2003) in former schoolchildren first studied in 1973-1976. The follow-up included 53% of eligible former subjects. Methods— We compared pediatric and adult body mass (kg/m 2 ) and lipids in 19 cases with ≥ 1 CVD event and in 789 CVD event-free subjects. Results— Mean ± SD age was 12.3 ± 3.3 at entry and 38.5 ± 3.8 years at follow-up. Mean age at the first CVD event was 37.1 ± 4.9 years. The major novel finding of our study was that childhood triglycerides (TG) were consistently and independently associated with young adult CVD. The distributions of both childhood and adult TG were shifted to higher levels in the cases than controls. Of the 19 cases, 7 (37%) had childhood TG > the pediatric 95 th percentile (153 mg/dl), and 6 of these 7 had high TG ( ≥ 150 mg/dl) at adult follow-up. Overall, 61% of cases had high TG as adults. After adjusting for age, sex, and race, by analysis of variance, cases had higher TG levels both in childhood and in young adulthood. A bootstrapping method and Cox's proportional hazard analysis was used to predict CVD in the cohort with explanatory variables sex, race, and childhood BMI, LDL, log HDL cholesterol, and log TG, and adult cigarette smoking and type 2 diabetes. Childhood TG was a significant, independent, explanatory variable for young adult CVD hazard (hazard ratio


Technological advances and the computerization of society rapidly contribute to the change of all spheres of human activity, currently international trade relations have a majority impact on the world economy, their development is taking place at a particularly accelerated pace, which generates certain gaps in terms of legislation in this area. Of particular importance in the development of this sphere was the electronic means of communication, becoming quite popular in recent decades, and the conduct of trade reports through them were no exception. Under the current conditions, as a fundamental legal instrument in private law, the contract could not develop separately from the new technologies imposed by the evolution of society towards the virtual world and in an attempt to adapt to the virtual environment; the contract took the electronic form.


A sample of land snails, mainly pulmonates, was recently collected in caves in the Alto Ribeira State and Tourist Park ("Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira" [PETAR], in Portuguese), an important tourism spot in São Paulo state, Brazil. Overall, twenty-one species were found, the following being reported for the first time for São Paulo state: Alcadia iheringi (Helicinidae); Lamellaxis mizius (Subulinidae); Zilchogyra (Trochogyra) superba and Radiodiscus promatensis (Charopidae); Entodina gionensis and Scolodonta interrupta (Systrophiidae). A new species, Bahiensis ribeirensis sp. nov. (Odontostomidae), is described herein. The new records and species addressed here constitute important findings, improving distributional maps and the knowledge of the local molluscan fauna. This is an essential step for future conservation efforts, especially of the poorly studied Brazilian troglofauna.


We posit a novel mechanism—socially endogenous calibration—whereby the tendency to align with others' perceptions of organizational status varies systematically with the status of a perceiver's own organization. We specifically theorize that members of higher-status organizations perceive larger and more correlated status differences among other organizations than members of lower-status organizations do. Using a simulation, we demonstrate how socially endogenous calibration yields these predictions even when quality is uniform across organizations. We further present empirical support for our arguments by analyzing data on individual-level prestige ratings of U.S. law firms. Integrating socially endogenous calibration with prevailing status perspectives based on quality uncertainty, we conclude by elaborating a novel research agenda on stability and instability in organizational status hierarchies.


Since the capability to purify uranium (U) was terminated at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) in the early 1990's, excess highly enriched uranium (HEU) from the cleanout of uranium trioxide (UO3) production equipment will be shipped to the Savannah River Site (SRS) for disposition. The excess material will be dissolved in Phase I of HB-Line, purified by solvent extraction, and blended with normal U to an enrichment which can be used to fabricate fuel for Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) reactors. The proposed HB-Line processing strategy is to dissolve up to 3 kg of material per 18 L dissolver batch. To demonstrate the proposed processing strategy, two samples of the HEU were shipped to the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC). The material was used in a series of small-scale experiments in which prototypical amounts were dissolved to characterize the offgas and measure the dissolution time under varying process conditions. Complete dissolution of the U was obtained in 15-30 min for experiments performed at 23-60 degrees Celsius. The HEU was dissolved in 3.5M HNO3 using the solids to liquid ratio proposed for use in HB-Line. The experiment performed at 23 degrees Celsius demonstrated that rapid heat generation during the dissolution is not a concern.


Recently, significant attention has been paid to the use of ferrite magnets in the main traction machines of electric vehicles/hybrid electric vehicles (EVs/HEVs). However, while ferrite magnets are advantageous in terms of cost, they provide poor magnetic performance in comparison to the neodymium (NdFeB) magnets used in high-performance, high-efficiency machines with high torque densities. To overcome this issue, the application of axial-flux structures (AFSs) to ferrite magnets has been proposed, and it is anticipated that the extended air gap area created when an AFS is used could compensate for their poor magnetic properties. As an additional countermeasure, we propose an integrated radial and dual axial-flux (IRDAF) structure that has one radial-flux gap and two axial-flux gaps. Evaluations performed using finite element analysis show that a machine designed with our proposed IRDAF structure would provide good performance in terms of output torque, efficiency, and irreversible demagnetization.


This study aims to discuss communication strategies used by students of Surabaya Hotel School. The writer attempts to find out the types of communication strategies used by the students and intends to find out factors why the students mostly used certain strategy when they communicate. The writer hopes that this research could give insight about the types of communication strategies that can be used by students to overcome communication problems. The students are expected to apply those strategies to keep conversation going on. The writer does this study based on theory of Communication Strategies by Brown (2007) which is adopted from Dornyei (1995). Brown (2007) classifies communication strategies into two categories, which are avoidance strategies and compensatory strategies. In doing this study, the writer uses qualitative research. The result of this study reveals that the students use eight of thirteen types of communication strategies and use four types of combination of them. Moreover, the writer found that strategies that are frequently used by students are stalling or time gaining strategies, approximation and appeal for help. The writer argues that these strategies may happen because of two factors. First is because of direct interaction in class. Second is because of lacking vocabulary. The writer concludes that those two factors make the students tend to use those three strategies more than the others.


The splitting pattern of the P–H5″ (and P–H5′) cross‐peak in a 2D 31P–1H correlated NMR spectrum is analysed. Since this cross‐peak pattern is strongly dependent on two coupling constants, 3J(PH5″) and 3J(H4′H5″), it is an efficient probe for the backbone torsion angles β and γ in nucleic acids. A method, based on cross‐peak simulation, is described to determine the values of 3J(PH5″) and 3J(H4′H5″) in a semiquantitative fashion from the fine structure of the multiplet. The method is exemplified by the analysis of the P–H5″ cross peaks of the guanine residues at the 3′→5′ loop‐stem junctions of two dumbbell‐shaped DNA double‐hairpin loop structures.


We investigate when mulitplication by a polynomial f(X) defines a surjective endomorphism on the inverse polynomials module M[X -1]. When M is artinian or even a module which has a secondary represention, this is equivalent to M = c(f)M, where c(f), the content of f, is the ideal generated by the coefficients in f. A criterion for the surjectivity of the endomorphism on End(L,M) induced by anendomorhism f on a finite free mdule L is also given.


Herschel has observed Mars with its three instruments, the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared (HIFI), the Photodetector Array Camera & Spectrometer (PACS) and the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) as part of the HssO Key programme. SPIRE provided for the first time a far infrared spectrum of Mars from 0.45 to 1.55 THz. From these observations during Ls = 5°, water vapor and carbon monoxide mixing ratios of 100 ppm and 900 ppm respectively were derived. PACS observed Mars twice during Ls = 340 ° and Ls = 108 ° in the frequency range from 1.43 to 5.26 THz. The spectra show high signal-to-noiseratio (SNR) carbon monoxide and water lines including water isotopes. HIFI has observed Mars during Ls = 78° and Ls = 108° and performed line scans from band 1a to 6b (for technical reasons excluding band 5b). Furthermore dedicated observations on carbonand oxygen isotopes in carbon monoxide and oxygenand hydrogen isotopes in water vapor as well as hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen chloride and molecular oxygen were executed. The latter presents the first observation of molecular oxygen in the submm wave regime. From the very high SNR spectrum a (constant with altitude) volume mixing ratio of 1400 ppm has been derived, consistent with ground-based observations in the oxygen A band (around 763 nm) from the early 1970s. Finally from the analysis of 2 carbon monoxide isotopes a globally averaged volume mixing ratio of constant 980 ppm and a vertical temperature profile have been retrieved. Compared to general circulation model calculations the observations show up to 10 K lower temperatures in the middle atmosphere of Mars.


The origin of electric energy meter was introduced in this paper firstly.According to the structural and functional characteristics of electric energy meters,the development process can be classified into four phases: inductive AC electric energy meter,electronic AC electric energy meter,electronic multi-functional electric energy meter and smart electric energy meter.Application prospects of acquisition data in smart grid provided by smart electric energy meters are discussed,where those meters act as the terminal equipment of electricity consumption acquisition system.


In order to avoid the negative effects on the computing accuracy caused by step-jump of effective heat capacity function in the effective heat capacity method,a Sigmoid function based smooth enthalpy function was presented,and a continuous and smooth effective heat capacity function could be obtained via the derivative of enthalpy respect to the temperature.This smoothed effective heat capacity function was combined with finite element and finite difference methods to model the heat transfer problem with phase change.The proposed numerical model was verified via numerical examples,and the impacts of grid density of finite element,the numerical integral scheme for heat capacity matrix and parameter relevant to Sigmoid function on the solutions were investigated.Satisfactory results were achieved in comparison with analytical solutions and averaging methods in previous work.


The engineering of array signal processing is becoming more and more important to the practical applications. This article introduces the parts of the experiment system of array signal processing, for its key part, a kind of hardware structure is represented. By the experiment system, the performances of algorithm of array signal processing in practical application are analyzed and tested.


We construct some non-essential H-closed epireflections of W, the category of archimedean l-groups with weak order unit, that are not comparable with any known H-closed epireflections of W other than the divisible hull and the epicompletion. In preparation, we show that the free objects in any Hclosed epireflective subcategory of W must be closed under composition (see section 2 for a precise definition), and that any epic extension of a finiteor countably-generated free W-object that is closed under composition is actually a free object in some H-closed epireflective subcategory of W. We apply these results to certain l-groups of almost-piecewise-linear Baire functions on R to obtain the examples. By definition, a function f : R → R is almost-piecewiselinear if there is a finite point set S ⊂ R such that f is piecewise-linear on the complement of any neighborhood of S. MSC classification: primary 06F20, secondary 06D22, 18B30, 26A30


We investigated the effects of under layer pretreatments on Cu electroless deposition to optimize the resistivity and morphology of the Cu. The pretreatments used in the Cu electroless plating process consisted of the removal of the titanium oxide layer on the barrier metal, TiN, and the deposition of Pd to activate the TiN diffusion barrier layer. Surface pretreatment using a 1%HF solution to remove the native Ti oxide formed on a TiN diffusion barrier layer showed a remarkable surface conditioning effect for the catalytic metal activation stage in Cu electroless plating, even in the absence of a wetting agent. Microcavities generated during Ti oxide etching are believed to be the key factor for the improved uniformity of the deposited catalytic metal on the pretreated TiN layer. Electroless plated Cu layers on non-uniform or rough Pd layers exhibited high resistivity and RMS roughness.


Kim's argument for a minimal physicalism breaks down in two critical places. First, his functional reduction of cognitive/intentional properties fails to do justice to what we mean when we refer to belief, desire and the like, because it fails to account for their referential and normative content. And although Kim believes that he is saving what is distinctive about our cognitive/intentional life, by providing for mental causation in the context of functional reduction, it can be shown that mental causation without autonomy is inadequate, and irredeemably so, as Davidson anticipated. Thus Kim saves mental causation in name only. Although Kim has famously and, I believe, successfully critiqued Davidson's solution to the problem of mental autonomy in terms of nonreductive physicalism, Kim has never adequately addressed Davidson's motivation. Second, his minimal physicalism depends on a metaphysically fundamental partition between phenomenal consciousness and cognitive/intentional properties. This idea cannot be made coherent, because consciousness itself is intrinsically cognitive. This second argument will be developed in Part II. In introducing Part I, we will explain a crucial ambiguity in Kim's principle of the causal closure of the physical. By failing to appreciate the importance of this ambiguity, Kim's strong version of causal closure, which is anything but innocuous, is misleadingly made to appear so. In effect, Kim's under-appreciation of the complexity of the closure principle leads him to attack a straw man—in the form of an outmoded conception of immaterial minds—and ignore the possibility of an interactionism involving quantum neuroscience.


A passive optical network (PON) with multiple optical line terminals (OLTs) will play an important role in the optical access network. In this study, a novel dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm for the downstream channel in a multi-OLT PON is proposed. To take care of bandwidth demands of different users, weight factors are introduced. Based on different weight factors, a core framework of the algorithm is constructed. Moreover, by combining a decision criterion and a bandwidth surplus ratio, a mathematical model of release bandwidth is established. Furthermore, by uniting judgement conditions and overload amount, a mathematical model of allocation bandwidth is also built. By constructing two mathematical models, the order and amount of release and allocation bandwidth are effectively solved. Moreover, to describe accurately the power of bandwidth transfer, a new concept 'bandwidth-transfer work' is introduced. Based on the bandwidth-transfer work, a ranking model is created to maximise the efficiency of the DBA. Finally, the effectiveness of the DBA algorithm and ranking model is demonstrated by the simulation and analysis.


The hammering test has been widely used for inspection of social infrastructures because of its accuracy and efficiency of operation. In order to automate and apply the method to actual inspection sites, it is important for the system to calibrate itself against various environmental noise sources, such as strong winds, that influence the accuracy of the acoustic diagnosis. In this paper, a boosting based diagnostic algorithm with an updation rule for the weak learners that constitute the whole defect detector is proposed. Both clean and defective hammering sounds are templatized in the frequency domain, and inner parameters of the weak learners are optimized by using the pair of frequency template vectors. Furthermore, a new updation rule for template vectors is proposed. In experiments, our method was applied to defect detection of concrete test-pieces having slant cracks, which are considered to be serious defects in inspection sites. From the results, the effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed.


The present invention features compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutical compositions, methods of synthesis, and methods for treating diseases and conditions associate with cellular necrosis. Screening assays for identifying compounds useful for treating these conditions are also described.


Thirty-one children, aged 8-5 to 10-11 years, were divided into three groups according to reading levels (poor, borderline, and good), and EEGs were recorded during conditions of rest, light flash, click, and flash/click. The hypothesis that cortical coupling patterns in the left angular gyrus differentiate good and poor readers was supported.


FROCHTL: From 1949 until 1954 you studied in G6ttingen, Zurich, and Bonn. Erich Rothacker and Oskar Becker were your most influential philosophy professors. You worked principally in Heidegger's philosophy. The end of that came when his &dquo;Introduction to Metaphysics&dquo;-lectures he held during the Nazi period-were published in 1953 without a commentary. In an interview in Athetik und Kommunikation you spoke of how in the same period you read Luk6cs's History and Class Consciousness and the Dialectic of Enlightenment 'With fascination.&dquo; But your fascination with Horkheimer's and Adorno's book obviously was not enough to compel you to go to Frankfurt and listen to the authors themselves. How is it that in 1956 you came to be Adorno's Assistent and a member of The I nstitute for Social Research?


In Augest 2008,the phytoplankton and water quality in 40 aquacultural waters were investigated and analyzed in West Dongting Lake Area. A total of 67 genera and 101 species of phytoplankton were detected,of which Microcystis aeruginosa,Merismopedia glauca,Anabaena circinalis,Anabaena flos-aquae,Phormidium tenue,Crucigenia apiculata,Scenedesmus dimorphus,Scenedesmus quadricauda,Actinastrum hantzschii,Cryptomonas ovata,Fragilaria pinnata,Navicula simplex and Synedra acus were dominant. The average cell density of phytoplankton was 3.19×107 cells/L(9.46×104~1.32×109 cells/L) . There was a significant correlation between cell densities of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria(R=0.940,P0.0001) . The Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′) ranged from 1.00 to 3.74. Water quality assessment was calculated by using diversity index and cell density of phytoplankton. It was indicated that semi-intensive aquacultural waterbodies were polluted lightly,compared with the other three kinds of aquacultural waterbodies.


Projectile points and other small artifacts chipped from cryptocrystalline silicate minerals constitute a rather difficult photographic problem, for which there is no single solution. Reviews of both photographic and archaeological literature disclose little information on the subject, but show that better photographic methods are badly needed. When the artifacts to be photographed are opaque, dull-surfaced, and of a single color, standard photographic methods, skilfully used, will produce satisfactory illustrations. General discussions of these methods are numerous in photographic literature: a good summary is given in Ridgway's Scientific Illustration. Many small artifacts are translucent at the edges or elsewhere, transparent, multicolored, or have shiny surfaces. Good figures cannot be secured from these by "straight" photographic methods. Several special techniques, largely adopted from other branches of science, will be outlined here.


At present, most global GHG emissions – over 75% – are from fossil fuels. By necessity, reaching net zero emissions therefore requires dramatic reductions in fossil fuel demand and supply. Though fossil fuels have not been explicitly addressed by the UN Framework on Climate Change, a conversation has emerged about possible "supply-side" agreements on fossil fuels and climate change. For example, a number of countries, including Denmark, France, and New Zealand, have started taking measures to phase out their oil and gas production. In the United States, President Joe Biden has put a pause on new oil and gas leasing on federal lands and waters, while Vice President Kamala Harris has previously proposed a "first-ever global negotiation of the cooperative managed decline of fossil fuel production". This paper aims to contribute to this emerging discussion. The authors present a simple analysis on where fossil fuel extraction has happened historically, and where it will continue to occur and expand if current economic trends continue without new policy interventions. By employing some simple scenario analysis, the authors also demonstrate how the phase-out of fossil fuel production is likely to be inequitable among countries, if not actively and internationally managed.


We develop time-dependent perturbation theory for quaternionic quantum mechanics. We set up the analog of the Weisskopf-Wigner formalism for the decay of a degenerate set of states, identify the mass and decay matrices, and verify unitarity. The results support the conjecture that the asymptotic-state structure of quaternionic quantum field theory resides within a complex subspace of quaternionic Hilbert space. With a natural ansatz for the CP behavior of the quaternionic Hamiltonian, the formalism is shown to imply the existence of an effective superweak CP nonconservation in K decays.


A stereoscopic image generation method and a stereoscopic image generation system that can generate, from an original image, a stereoscopic image that allows the viewer to perceive a natural stereoscopic effect are provided. The method includes a region setting step of setting a plurality of regions in an original image, a characteristic information acquisition step of acquiring characteristic information for each of pixels constituting the original image, a depth information generation step of generating depth information for each of the pixels for each of the plurality of regions on the basis of the characteristic information, and a stereoscopic image generation step of generating a stereoscopic image in which the positions of the pixels are changed on the basis of the pieces of depth information.


Abstract: It helps to understand ways in which biscuits can be grouped. The method of dough piece forming is limited by the enrichment of the formulation with fat and sugar. Secondary processing adds greatly to the enjoyment of biscuits.


The results of experimental studies of the structure and properties of electroerosive materials from lead bronze waste BrS30 obtained in oxygen- and carbon-containing media are presented. The influence of the chemical composition of liquids and technological parameters of dispersion on the properties of the resulting electroerosive materials is shown. In particular, a part of oxygen is present on the surface of particles obtained in distilled water, and part of carbon is present in lighting kerosene. The average particle size obtained in lighting kerosene is 1.2 times higher than the average particle size obtained in distilled water. The particles of the BrS30 alloy dispersed by electroerosion have a regular spherical, elliptical shape and agglomerates.


Abstract Aim: To compare the bioavailability of two estazolam (CAS 29975-16-4) tablet formulations (Estalin® 2 mg tablets as test formulation and 2 mg tablets of the originator product as reference formulation). Methods: The study was conducted according to an open label, randomized two-way cross-over design with a two-week washout period. Twenty-four subjects received each of the two estazolam formulations. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic profiling were taken up to 72 h after drug administration in fasting condition. Plasma concentrations of estazolam were determined with a validated HPLC method with ultraviolet detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from observed plasma concentration-time profiles. Results: The mean AUC0–t, AUC0–∞ and Cmax were 2581.38 ng • h/mL, 2934.37 ng • h/mL and 95.25 ng/mL, respectively for the test formulation and 2835.75 ng • h/mL, 3207.73 ng • h/mL and 99.32 ng/mL, respectively, for the reference formulation. The median Tmax for both formulations was 1 h. The point estimates and 90% confidence intervals for AUC0–t, AUC0–∞ and Cmax were 91.03% (87.48–94.72%), 91.48% (86.67–96.55%) and 95.90% (92.60–99.31%) respectively, satisfying the bioequivalence criteria of the European Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products and the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Conclusion: These results indicate that two formulations of estazolam are bioequivalent and, thus, may be prescribed interchangeably.


All higher plants are unable to initiate reproductive development immediately after germination and have to undergo a process of shoot maturation,or juvenile development.The main regulating genes in reproductive phase are flowering time genes,flowering meristem identity genes and flower organ identity genes.This review summarizes recent studies on flowering regulating genes and their relations with juvenility in woody plants,which will be helpful for understanding the functions of these genes and shortening the juvenile phase,and also for the study of plant evolution.


We have calculated high temperature expansions for the momentum distribution function nk and the equal time spin and density correlation functions S(q) and N(q) of the two-dimensional t-J model. On extrapolation to low temperatures we find that nk has a step-like feature at kF and S(q) has 2kF as a characteristic wavevector, whereas N(q) has 2k SF as a characteristic wavevector. Here kF and k SF are the Fermi wavevectors of the nearest-neighbor square lattice tight-binding and spinless fermion models, respectively. By comparison to the known results for one dimension this suggests spin-charge separation in the two-dimensional t-J model.


A compacted clay is subjected to five cycles of freezing and thawing at constant water content. The test specimens are then permeated in flexible-wall permeameters at a relatively low effective stress of 35 kPa (5psi) to determine the effect of freeze-thaw on hydraulic conductivity. For soil compacted dry of optimum, hydraulic conductivity after freezing is two to six times larger than before freezing. For soil compacted wet of optimum, hydraulic conductivity increases approximately 100-fold. Susceptibility to freeze-thaw damage is found to be insensitive to compactive effort; soils compacted with modified compactive effort are no more resistant to freeze-thaw damage than soils compacted with standard effort. Freezing changes the void ratio, structure, and fabric of the soil, which in turn produces increases in hydraulic conductivity. These findings are consistent with other information reported in the literature and indicate that compacted clay subjected to low effective confining stress should not be allowed to freeze if low hydraulic conductivity must be maintained.


Raman scattering excitation (RSE) is an experimental technique in which the spectrum is made up by sweeping the excitation energy when the detection energy is fixed. We study the low-temperature ($T$=5~K) RSE spectra measured on four high quality monolayers (ML) of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (S-TMDs), $i.e.$ MoS$_2$, MoSe$_2$, WS$_2$, and WSe$_2$, encapsulated in hexagonal BN. The outgoing resonant conditions of Raman scattering reveal an extraordinary intensity enhancement of the phonon modes, which results in extremely rich RSE spectra. The obtained spectra are composed not only of Raman-active peaks, $i.e.$ in-plane E$'$ and out-of-plane A$'_1$, but the appearance of 1$^{st}$, 2$^{nd}$, and higher-order phonon modes is recognised. The intensity profiles of the A$'_1$ modes in the investigated MLs resemble the emissions due to neutral excitons measured in the corresponding PL spectra for the outgoing type of resonant Raman scattering conditions. Furthermore, for the WSe$_2$ ML, the A$'_1$ mode was observed when the incoming light was in resonance with the neutral exciton line. The strength of the exciton-phonon coupling (EPC) in S-TMD MLs strongly depends on the type of their ground excitonic state, $i.e.$ bright or dark, resulting in different shapes of the RSE spectra. Our results demonstrate that RSE spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying EPC in S-TMD MLs.


During the process of signal acquisition and transmission images might be affected by impulse noise. An efficient de-noising scheme is designed for the removal of fixed valued impulse noise. The present technique consists of decision-tree–based impulse noise detector is used to detect the noisy pixels and a median filter to reconstruct the noisy pixel intensity values. The experimental result shows that the median filter is found to be the best for the removal of impulse noise. The design requires only low components in its architecture and preserves the quality of the image and reduces the delay. Its hardware cost is low and suitable to many real time applications. Keywords— Fixed valued impulse noise, Gray scale images, Image de-noising, Impulse detector, Median filter


In a field experiment the response of canola to different row spacings and nitrogen levels was studied at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Pods m" were significantly influenced by row spacings. Nitrogen levels also significantly affected all the yield components. Maximum seed yield (3083 kg ha") was recorded at 30 cm row spacing while more seed and oil yield were obtained when the crop was fertilized @ 135 kg N ha'. Oil contents, protein percentage and fatty acid composition were also significantly influenced by different row spacings and nitrogen levels.


In a color liquid crystal display panel in which a liquid crystal layer is sealed in a gap between a first substrate formed with signal electrodes and a second substrate formed with data electrodes, portions where the signal electrodes cross over the data electrodes form pixel portions respectively, and color filters, in which filters of the three primary colors are alternately arranged at positions corresponding to the pixel portions, is provided, a normal color display of applying selection signals to all the signal electrodes in a time sharing manner and applying data signals to the data electrodes in correspondence with the selection signals applied to the respective signal electrodes; and a color reducing display of applying selection signals in such a manner to simultaneously select a plurality of the signal electrodes; are selectively performed, thereby reducing the power consumption of the color liquid crystal display panel.


Objective To discuss the application of human communication skills in avoiding the nurse-patient disputes. Methods We recruited 400 inpatients of our hospital from May 2012 to May 2014 and randomly divided them into language skills group and traditional group, each of which consists of 200 patients. Patients in the traditional group were treated by conventional nursing in nurse-patient communication while patients in the language skills group were treated with corresponding measures based on the conventional nurse-patient communication. Comparison was made by evaluating the number of nurse-patient disputes in each group. Results The occurrence rate of nurse-patient disputes in the language skills group was significantly lower than that of the traditional group. The difference was statistically significant(P 0.05). Conclusion Utilizing human communication skills into the nursing work, compared with the traditional nursing communication can effectively avoid the occurrence of nursepatient disputes and ensure the smoothly carrying out of the nursing work to promote the patients' recovery.


The Palazzetti is a famous manufacturer of fireplaces. Aviama is an acronym for an association devoted to the increase of arboriculture and the improvement of the air quality. Both have established a constructive relationship having a common objective : to promote the choice of firewood


We investigate the impact of majority shareholder that categories as large shareholder, family ownership and institution ownership on the firm performance measured bu accounting performance ROA and market performance namely Tobin Q. This research concentrate on Consumer Goods Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) covering from year 2011 to year 2014. We use unbalanced panel data analysis. After controlling with firm specific variables; such as size of company, age, leverage, growth and macro economic variables, we find that large shareholder without knowing who the owners are do not effect the firm performance. However, when the family and institution become dominance in controlling the company, market reacts negatively. It might occur because market perceives negative effect of disgorging cash by family and institutional that cause lower distribution profit for other minority shareholder in the market. Our finding provides the signal for company which majority of shareholder need to provide more transparance report on flowing the cash flows of company. Additionally for the new investors who expect to have capital gain on the investment must take fully concern on this condition, because their value of investment could decrease and get loss if they invest in this type of companies.


of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Harvey Siegel. No. of pages in text. (291) Two thoughts dominate much of the literature on well-being: "What is good for an individual depends upon what that individual is like" and "In some cases an individual is worse off because she is deprived of some putatively essential or basic good even if she cannot be brought to appreciate this fact." This work is an attempt to capture both of these intuitions to a greater extent than prior theories of well-being. Many well-being theorists call the first thought "the subjective intuition" and consider the latter to concern our intuitions about "deprivation." While many theories of wellbeing are able to capture the subjective intuition, e.g. Railton's desire-satisfactionism or Crisp's sensational-hedonism, they often do so at the cost of not being able to explain and justify our intuitions about deprivation. Conversely, objective theories of well-being, e.g. objective-list and Eudaimonist accounts, offer substantive accounts of "the good life" which, while allowing them to explain and justify our intuitions about flourishing and deprivation, do so at the cost of failing to capture the subjective intuition. In light of this, one might wonder whether it is possible for a theory of wellbeing to completely cohere with both intuitions. I argue that there are two incommensurable standards underlying each intuition, i.e. the standard set by either an individual's idiosyncratic makeup (i.e. "what she is like") or the standards that apply to a particular class to which she belongs (e.g. what deprivation consists in, for members of that class), and that appeals to them yield conflicting judgments. An important upshot of this is that there is a sense in which no theory can entirely capture both the subjective intuition and our intuitions about deprivation. In light of this, it is my view that philosophers must come to terms with the tension that exists between the two intuitions and work to develop a theory that best accommodates them both at the same time to the greatest extent possible. My approach, treating well-being as self-realization, does just this. I defend a novel, broadly subjectivist, theory of well-being which is motivated by the idea that what is good (i.e. prudentially valuable) for an individual depends upon what that individual is like, e.g. what she cares about, attaches importance to, regards as mattering, structures her life around, i.e. what she values. I argue that the best way to capture this idea is to maintain that an individual's well-being consists in that individual's "self-realization," specifically, the realization of that individual's values. The primary virtue of this approach, and an important gap that it fills in the literature on well-being, is its ability to capture to a greater extent than competitor theories both the subjective intuition and our intuitions about deprivation. It is able to do this because of its focus on individuals' values. By focusing on an individual's values, which I describe as those aspects of her psychological and volitional makeup that she is autonomous in relation to and which are properly attritutable to her, wellbeing as self-realization is able to capture the subjective intuition. This is because a person's values are central to "what she is like." Well-being as self-realization is able to respect and capture our intuitions about deprivation because, like many objective theorists in the Neo-Aristotelian tradition, e.g. Foot, Hursthouse, Kraut, etc., it recognizes the importance of the development and exercise of cognitive, affective, and volitional capacities (e.g. a capacity for autonomy), which are constitutive of personhood and of an individual's well-being qua person.