doesnotusesuchcriteria, therefore, itisdata Improving thequality ofsoftware products isoneof independent. theprincipal objectives of software engineering.Software metrics arethekeytoolinsoftware Software metrics arethekeytoolinsoftware qualityengineering since they areessential indicators ofsoftware management. Inthis paperwepropose touseNaivequality (suchas reliability, maintenance effort, BayesandRIPPERforsoftware quality classification development cost, etc). Manyresearches havebeendone anduseRandomProjection toimprove theperformance on metricsbasedsoftwarequality analysis ofclassifiers. Feature extraction viaRandomProjection [14][15][16][13]. Themethods include: association rules hasattracted considerable attention inrecent years. The [18],unsupervised learning [17], regression and approach hasinteresting theoretical underpinnings and classification (including Artificial NeuralNetwork, offers computational advantages. Results onbenchmarkNearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, dataset MIS,using Accuracy andRecall asperformance GeneticGranular Classification, Support Vector measures, indicate that RandomProjection canimproveMachines [24], etc) [12] [25]. Inthis paper we introduce theclassification performance ofallfourlearners we twonew methods, NaiveBayesandRIPPER, for investigate. Naive Bayes, RIPPER, MLPandIBi.With software quality classification. We also propose touse thehelpofRandomProjection, NaiveBayesand RandomProjection forimproving theperformance of RIPPERarebetter thanMLPandIBIinfinding fault-software quality classifiers. highsoftware modules, whichcanbe soughtas Theremainder ofthis paper isorganized asfollows. potentially highly faulty modules wheremostofour Section 2 introduces thesoftware metrics andthe testing andmaintenance effort should befocused


This paper described the detection methods,qualified standard and the detection result's feedback process of initial lining's quality from two sides of thickness and back cavity,according to code.It was applied in one tunnel's construction site,which controlled the initial lining's quality well.


[Purpose] In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of a PLLA bioabsorbable osteosynthetic plate (FIXSORB-MX(R)) for bone fixation after sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy (SSRO), and the postoperative stability of the PLLA plate and a titanium mini-plate was comparatively evaluated by lateral cephalograms. [Subjects and methods] Seventy-three patients, who received SSRO using a PLLA plate, between June 1998 and February 2000, were clinically evaluated, and physical properties of the excised PLLA plates were analyzed. Also, the postoperative stability of PLLA plates was evaluated using lateral cephalograms obtained immediately after, 6 months after, and 1 year after sugery in 10 patients who had received surgery more than 1 year previously. In addition, 10 patients received a titanium mini-plate. Patients who showed severe open bite and asymmetry of the mandible were excluded. [Results] Of the 73 patients who received surgery using a PLLA plate, 2 showed displacement of the proximal segment, 2 developed fistulation, and 2 cases had persistent tenderness over the plate, and the plate was removed in 4 of them. The viscosity molecular weight of the plate at the removal was 60,000, 24,000, and 16,000, in 3 of the 4 patients. Concerning the stability, no clear regression was observed in either the titanium mini-plate group or the PLLA plate group. From these observations, PLLA plates are considered to be clinically useful, since they are as stableas titanium mini-plates, and they do not have to be removed after implantation.


OBJECTIVE
The diagnosis of anomalous connections of the coronary arteries (ANOCOR) requires an appropriate identification for the management of the patients involved. We studied the observer variability in the description and classification of ANOCOR between a nonexpert group of physicians and a group of expert physicians, using the ANOCOR cohort.

PATIENTS AND DESIGN
Consecutive patients identified by 71 referring cardiologists were included in the ANOCOR cohort. Anomalous connection was diagnosed by invasive and/or computed tomography coronary angiography. Angiographic images were reviewed by an angiographic committee with experience in this field. Both investigators and angiographic committee filled out a questionnaire to classify each anomaly with the type of coronary artery involved, the site of anomalous connection, and the initial course. Observer variability between investigators and angiographic committee was assessed by κ statistics. Anomalous connection with a preaortic course was defined as at-risk.

RESULTS
Among 472 patients of the ANOCOR cohort, 496 abnormalities were identified with a preaortic course present in 31%. The agreement for the type of artery was excellent (κ = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86-0.98, P < .05), while the agreement for the site of anomalous connection was moderate (κ = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.42-0.58, P < .05), and the agreement for the initial course was only fair (κ = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.28-0.37, P < .05). Observer agreement for the identification of at-risk forms was moderate (κ = 0.497, 95% CI = 0.40-0.59, P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS
Observer variability in the assessment of anomalous connection of the coronary arteries between nonexperienced and experienced physicians can be significant. We found that expert physicians provide a more robust classification in comparison with nonexpert physicians. Therefore, referral to physicians with a relevant experience should be considered, especially if an anomaly at-risk is suspected.


With the yeast chosen and tested, we go to the production of beer. To propose an Amazonian beer, we need to have a base to give the initial "start", and what has the face of refreshing and tasty beer, which has the greatest characteristics of our Amazon, so we used what was easily accessible, such as spices and fruits. The yeast of Amazonian origin fit perfectly into the proposed style, therefore, showing all the strength and complexity that was expected. For the production of AmPa we started with a beer of the style that we are looking for, that is why a light APA was characterized, with little hops, and without any seasoning, so that we could analyze the behavior of yeast in a craft beer. In addition to all that has been said, it has a more acidic character and this can be obtained in several ways. The first could be from mashing, making a "sour mash" (acid mashing). Fermentation took place at 20 °C for 7 days. The beer was aged at 2 °C for 8 days, and then bottled and pasteurized. After the elaboration process, 7 days after the beers were analyzed sensorially. It was concluded that there is a possibility of success in the use of wild Amazonian yeasts for the manufacture of beers, creating a unique characteristic, without the presence of off-flavour, thus meeting the demand for new biodiversity products linked to the sustainable valuation of biomes. This being an imperative necessity, the inclusion of the AmPA style (Amazon Pale Ale) in the guides is the consolidation of a school that was already born rich in flavors, since large parts of our plants, roots and fruits have excellent potential for use, and are there to confirm this statement: açaí, cupuaçu, jambu, andiroba and bacuri, previously known only in regional spheres, in addition to the renowned guaraná and Brazil nuts, and now the cashew apple, which gave the first beer produced with a yeast wild amazon.


The proliferation kinetics of cells of the line NHIK 1922 grown in vitro and as solid tumours in the athymic mutant nude mouse has been studied. In vitro, growth curves were determined for exponentially growing populations and for populations synchronized by mitotic selection. The phase durations for these populations were determined by flow cytofluorometric measurements of DNA‐histograms and pulsed incorporation of [3H]TdR respectively. The generation time and the phase durations for synchronized populations were found to be about equal to those for exponentially growing populations. The duration of the phases G1, S and G2+ M was found to be 8·5–9·5, 11·0–12·0 and 6·0–6·5 hr respectively, i.e. the generation time was 26·5–27·0 hr. The proliferation kinetics in vivo were studied by flow cytofluorometry and by the technique of percentage labelled mitoses. The median duration of S‐phase and (G2+ M)‐phase in vivo was found to be approximately the same as that observed in vitro, while the median duration of G1‐phase was found to be approximately 5 hr longer in vivo than under the present in vitro growth conditions. The growth fraction in vivo was estimated to be approximately 50%. The non‐proliferative compartment of the tumour cells was found to consist mainly of cells with the DNA‐content of cells in G1‐phase. It is concluded that the reduced rate of proliferation of NHIK 1922 cells in vivo is correlated with alterations in the duration of G1‐phase and, hence, the proportion of cells in G1‐phase.


EDITOR,--In their editorial on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and elderly patients D N Bateman and J G Kennedy erroneously quote an incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding of 210 cases per million people over 60 compared with 35 per million under 60,1 from a study carried out in our department.2 In fact, the annual incidences in our study were 10 times these—that is, 2100 and …


For a variety of reasons, reports show that low‐resource countries with heavy disease burdens do not follow international recommendations for infant and young child feeding (IYCF), including exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. The objective of a survey conducted in Mbulu District of Tanzania was to assess the opinions of mothers with regard to the IYCF recommendations. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results show inconsistencies in responses on 75% of the questions. There is agreement, however, on the importance of 1) breastfeeding within the first hour after birth (>90% agree), 2) breastfeeding at three months (>80% agree), and 3) the value of fruits and vegetables in infant diets by 6 months (>85% agree). Results highlight the some mismatch between maternal knowledge and opinions and recommended practices. Understanding how women negotiate between local norms and expectations and biomedical knowledge is necessary to develop effective interventions promoting breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices aimed at improving family health and well‐being.


(a) More effective mathematical models in infrastructure design codes. (b) Prosthesis models that considerably improve the quality of life of their users. (c) Natural medicine that cures some types of cancer in a few months without dangerous side effects and the need of any other treatment. (d) Novel financial-economic model allowing each nation to erase extreme poverty. (e) Clinical integration of a therapy that eliminates the need of drugs for depression treatment. (f ) Replacement of all fossil fuel by the ecofriendly biofuel. (g ) New soil and water treatment techniques allowing the sustainable increase of the life span of several animal and vegetable species.


Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of uterine artery chemoembolization in the treatment of Cesarean scar pregnancy.Methods 42 women with Cesarean scar pregnancy were randomly divided into group A or B.Group A received uterine artery chemoembolization 3 days before ultrasoundguided dilatation and curettage.Group B received methotrexate and mifepristone and then ultrasoundguided dilatation and curettage as β-HCG level declined to less than 200IU/L.Length of hospital stays,intraoperative blood loss,β-HCG,and menstrual recovery were observed in both groups.Results In group A,length of hospital stay was (11.2 ± 1.7)days,intraoperative blood loss was (35.2 ± 18.4)ml,time to reduction of β-HCG to normal level was (21.2 ± 3.5)days,and time to menstrual recovery was (30.0 ± 4.0)days; while in group B,length of hospital stay was (20.6 ± 5.6)days,intraoperative blood loss was (225.7 ± 125.6)ml,time to reduction of β-HCG to normal level was (36.0 ± 9.9)days,and time to menstrual recovery was (49.8 ± 7.7)days,with significant statistical differences (P<0.05).Conclusions Uterine artery chemoembolization combined with ultrasound-guided dilatation and curettage can significantly shorten length of hospital stay and reduce intraoperative hemorrhage due to curettage,and is less invasive.Patients have rapid recovery and can preserve reproductive function..This therapy is the best approach for Cesarean scar pregnancy.

Key words:
Uterine artery chemoembolization;  Cesarean scar pregnancy;  Dilatation and curettage


Objective To develop a deep vein thrombosis health belief questionnaire(DVTHBQ)for patients undergoing major orthopedic operation,and investigate the reliability and validity of the DVTHBQ.Methods The establishment of DVTHBQ was based on the framework of Health Belief Model (HBM) combining theories and experience,and step-by-step through the preliminary experiment,data collection,evaluation of its validity and reliability,etc.Results The items of this questionnaire had a good discriminability.The total internal consistency reliability of the questionnaire was 0.88.The content validity of the questionnaire was 0.95.Factor analysis,which could explain more than 50% variance,showed that the questionnaire had good construct validity.Conclusions The questionnaire was tested to be of good reliability and validity.The DVTHBQ could be an effective instrument to explain and predict the possibility of taking DVT preventive measures for patients undergoing major orthopedic operation.

Key words:
Deep vein thrombosis;  Health belief model;  Questionnaires;  Reliability;  Validity


My paper this evening will contain little that has not been said or written before by the various authorities on the subject under review; nevertheless I trust that it will serve as a basis for discussion and that it will enable us to clarify the main principles which govern the repair work of the numerous late tlisabilities following in the wake of childbearing. I am of opinion that several standard groups of operations suitable for repair should be adopted by the College, as the profession at present is hopelessly confused about the indications for the


Multidisciplinary teams J P Wattis, MRCPSYCH; G F J Goddard, MRcS; H Gordon, MFCM; A Crowcroft, FRCPSYCH; A T Darby, RMN; J K W Morrice, FRCPSYCH .................... 1509 Home monitoring of blood glucose using filter paper strips R B Paisey, MRCP, and others............ 1509 "Wednesday's Child" P Goodchild .......................... 1511 Placement of subnormal offenders D A Spencer, MRCPSYCH .............. 1511 Muslims, Ramadan, and diabetes mellitus J C Davidson, FRCPED ......... ......... 1511


Extreme El Niño events affect the number of intense tropical cyclones (ITCs) over the western North Pacific (WNP). In 1997 and 2015, both extreme El Niño years, ITC numbers were above normal in the WNP. In order to clarify how, and to what extent, sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) distributions control the ITCs genesis, the authors conducted 50‐member ensemble simulations using a high‐resolution global nonhydrostatic model that explicitly simulates ITCs. The ensemble simulations showed a clear relationship between the number of ITCs and their genesis locations in the WNP. However, the authors found that the simulated numbers of ITCs in the WNP were also closely related to the strength of the monsoon trough, which varies under given SSTA conditions. This indicates that reliable seasonal forecasting of ITCs depends on our ability to accurately reproduce the monsoon trough, whose strength is modulated mainly by internal atmospheric variability but also by SSTA.


Why would anyone want to play a game designed to scare them? We argue that an alliance between evolutionary theory and game studies can shed light on the forms and psychological functions of horror video games. Horror games invite players to simulate prototypical fear scenarios of uncertainty and danger. These scenarios challenge players to adaptively assess and negotiate their dangers. While horror games thereby instil negative emotion, they also entice players with stimulating challenges of fearful coping. Players who brave these challenges expand their emotional and behavioural repertoire and experience a sense of mastery, explaining the genre's paradoxical appeal. We end by illustrating our evolutionary approach through an in-depth analysis of Playdead's puzzle-horror game Limbo .


Gynecological investigation among 2586 female during reproduction stage and complete clinical inspection (colposcopy, colpocitogram, hormones, immunological, morphological) among 500 female with cervical pseudoerosions, stades become border of the epithelium's endoand ectocervix among 167 fetus infants and girls under fourteen, ethiological and pathogenical grounded classification had been working out. The results of the complex suggestion method of treatment this disease were discussed.


This paper introduces a novel state of polarization (SOP) finding system which results in dramatically decreased processing time of less than several microseconds. The new system employs a simple and fast calibration scheme so that the measured SOP of light is always correct under any circumstances like temperature change, mechanical stress, or input wavelength change


The development of next-generation sequencing technologies has revolutionized the genome research and given rise to the explosive increase of DNA sequencing throughput. However, due to the continuing explosive growth of short-read database, these technologies face the challenges of short overlap and high throughput. The de Bruijn graph is particularly suitable for short-read assemblies, and its advantage is that the graph size will not be affected by the high redundancy of deep read coverage. With this character, the fragment assembly is cast as finding a path visiting every edge in the graph exactly once. In this paper, we present a new method to accelerate the genome assembly procedure. We have used a distributed dynamic hashing approach to construct the de Bruijn graph from short-read data. Evaluations using three paired-end datasets show that, our method outperforms previous parallel and distributed assemblers on a CPU cluster system.


The cross-disciplined experimental teaching management system is an essential part of experimental teaching reform.Based on the practice of Guangdong University of Business Studies,this paper analyzed the characteristics of Economics and Management Experimental Teaching,and restrictions from the traditional management pattern.Moreover,it proposed novel ideas on innovation in management mechanism.


h Abstract: Afield experiment was conducted in the Sudan for two seasons 2011and 2012 at Gezira Research Station Farm which is the biggest Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC) stations. The main objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different phosphorus sources and methods of application on nodulation, growth and yield of soybean. Three phosphorus sources (Triple superphosphate (TSP), NPK and Diammonium phosphate (DAP)) were used with two methods of application (broadcasting and bedding), in addition to control. Soybean variety SY1448-11 was fertilized with the above mentioned phosphorus fertilizers at the rate of 43kgP2O5/ha (1P).The treatments were assigned in RCBD with four replicates. The shoot dry weight, grain and straw yields of soybean were significantly increased in response to the application of different phosphorus sources. All phosphorus sources increased the soybean nodulation and strain effectiveness. DAP fertilizer gave the highest values in all parameters measured. The bedding method produced highest grain and straw yields. These results recommended the fertilization of soybean by DAP at the rate of 43kg P2O5/ha using the bedding method. Other alternative include TSP as a source and broadcasting as a method if the recommended choice is not at hand. Economic evaluation was conducted to rank the most effective phosphorus fertilizers and method of application to reach the most economic and profitable level .The highest MRR was obtained from DAP fertilizer and bedding method (2360%).


Mr Antonio Donini accurately describes his excellent article in your November 1988 issue on the Processes of Change in the United Nations as 'a journey through the labyrinths of UN reform attempts'. As such it deserves the attention of everybody seriously interested in the role of the United Nations and its 'system' in present-day international relations. One of the troubles now, however, is that there are few such people other than those directly engaged in working in some part of the system or in studying its intricacies at universities


Filtering information on the Internet and recommending the right choices is more than important for Internet users and various businesses that offer products and services. Although recommender systems do this work efficiently, problems such as Cold Start often appear when new users or items enter the system. The traditional methods of recommender systems, collaborative filtering and content–based techniques, do not offer an optimized solution to this problem. The integration of neural networks in recommender systems offers a new approach to solving cold start. Whether using the feature of extracting hidden data, or using deep learning algorithms with more layers, the accuracy of recommendations and predictions has increased significantly. We have analyzed 40 papers that approached solving the cold start problem using neural networks. We have researched how neural networks are integrated into recommender systems, what they are used for, which neural network algorithms have shown to be more efficient in solving the cold start problem, and which algorithms have increased the accuracy of the recommendation. We aim to answer these questions with other subquestions related to types of cold start such as item or user cold start and warm, partial, or strict cold start.


Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis (ARPC) is a rare condition caused by transepidermal elimination of collagen, elastin fibers and keratin. To date, the pathogenesis of ARPC remains unknown. Different hypotheses were proposed, including superficial microtrauma due to pruritus and subsequent scratching, diabetes-induced microangiopathy, epidermal and dermal abnormalities in metabolic disorders, dermal microdeposits in patients with chronic renal failure and vasculopathy underlying chronic venous insufficiency and hypertension. In the past two decades, oral allopurinol had been found to be effective in treating ARPC. We report a case of a 36-year-old pregnant woman with itchy skin lesions on the trunk and four limbs since 36 weeks of her gestation. Initially, she was prescribed with oral antihistamine and topical steroid but did not respond well. Skin biopsy was performed and was compatible with ARPC. Normal renal and liver function tests were noted, and the HLA-B5801 test was negative. We treated the patient with allopurinol. Significant improvement was noticed at 1-month follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case successfully treating ARPC induced by pregnancy with allopurinol. On careful follow-up of laboratory data and HLA-B5801 test screening, allopurinol may be another effective treatment option for ARPC patients after pregnancy.


To the EditorsObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and disabling disorder with a fluctuating course, and it is characterized by obsessions or compulsions that cause severe distress and interfere with the patient's functioning.1 The role of serotonin (5-HT) systems in OCD has been sup


Most courts have interpreted the Americans with Disabilities Act to include health care workers (HCWs) and others with HIV and AIDS as having a life impairment. Therefore, the Act protects these people from discrimination in the work place or from their medical care provider. Some job activities of HIV-positive employees can be restricted if the activities are determined to be "exposure prone" procedures, defined in many cases to include certain surgical and dental procedures. The risk of infection to HCWs who treat HIV-positive people has been ruled not significant, although workers are not required to put themselves at risk in situations where no "reasonable accommodation" can be made. Guidelines governing various situations are outlined.


A method and system for reduction of particulate and gaseous contaminants from exhaust gas including multiple gas handling systems, a mixing tank, and a mixing system that mixes unprocessed exhaust gas and system fluid, while agitating the system fluid.


The present researches on the wavelet transformation applied to fault diagnosis mainly focus on the mechanical aspect.Aiming at the fault diagnosis of radio fuzes,a modulus maxima method based on wavelet transform is put forward to conduct singularity detection of radio fuze signal and find out the time point and the frequency domain when fault is occurring.Then the analysis shows that the fuze failure is due to the noise caused by the unstable fin nutation during projectile flight.The laboratory experiment proves accuracy of the fault location which can help to solve problems in fuzes.


AIM:To establish an LC-MS/MS method for determining the concentration of sildenafil in human plasma.METHODS: Diazepam was used as internal standard,the plasma samples extracted by MTBE were separated on a Waters XTerra MS C18 column(150 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm) with mobile phase contained methanol and 10 mmol/L Ammonium acetate(85∶15,V/V) at flow rate of 0.30 mL/min.The electrospray ionization(ESI source) in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) were used for scanning analysis,then,sildenafil and diazepam ion selective channels were: m/z 475.3→58.1 and 285.5→154.0,respectively.RESULTS:The linear range for sildenafil was 1.50-765.90 ng/mL.The lower limit of quantitation was 1.50 ng/mL,and the relative standard deviation of intra-day and inter-day were less than 15%.CONCLUSION: The estalished method is suitable for clinical pharmacokinetic study of sildenafil.


The practical and accurate computation of the singular value decomposition of a quaternion matrix is of importance in vector signal processing using quaternions. We present a Jacobi algorithm for computing such an SVD, and discuss its utility and accuracy. The algorithm is included in an open-source Matlab toolbox for quaternions where it serves as an accurate reference implementation.


In contrast, the US uses over 95% of its barite output for the oil drilling industry, highlighting a general correlation between rig activity and barite consumption, though this ratio has been affected over the past decade due to increased horizontal drilling, which in the US currently accounts for 70% of compared with only 15% in 2004 ( Figure 3 ). It appears that increased drilling of horizontal holes per rig platform has resulted in higher consumption of barite per rig.

In terms of drilling location, the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is the largest consumer of drilling-grade barite in the world, and for a number of years this was dominated by imports of Chinese lump barite to grinding mills in various coastal locations. Indian barite supply has risen and is now believed to account for nearly one quarter of imports to the GoM.

The American Petroleum Institute (API) introduced a new barite grade (SG 4.1) in August 2010, in addition to the long-standing 4.2 specification. The intention was not to replace the 4.2 grade, but to provide the end-user with choice as to which material to use. This change was driven in part by a shortage of SG 4.2 barite, especially from mines in Nevada, which is the US's primary domestic barite producing region. Drilling-grade barite is specified by the API and must meet certain SG, chemical and sizing requirements ( Table 1 ).


Collaboration between science and industry and the technology transfer activities have been argued to be crucial in the development and sustainability of a competitive knowledge-based economy. Previous studies have mainly focused on indicators such as patents, license income and spin-offs to measure productivity of technology transfer offices and in extension, return on investment. However patenting, licenses and spin-off creation are argued to
be only a small part of the technology transfer activities conducted at public universities and have a smaller impact than traditional contract research. Very few studies systematically address the importance of contract research in general and service delivery in particular. This paper addresses this gap by looking in concert and contextualized at the importance of contract research activities, patenting and spin-off generation of public universities in a particular European region.


In the course of high-performance concrete manufacturing,mixing optimum mineral admixture,cement content is reduced,and the cement cost is economized,the concrete hydration heat,admixtures are decreased,and cement gel generates reaction to make concrete properties better. Owing to mineral admixture properties of instability,multiplity varieties,different effects and action mechanism on concrete,when high-performance concrete is prepared,mineral admixture must be utilized.The composite experiment of mineral slag as essential admixture,common mineral(waste residue)admixture,lowgradefinelimestonepowder,gypsumect.areresearched,developingdifferenttypescontainingminiral slagcompound mineral admixture.Comparing experiment with national standard,the compound mineral admixture property indexes get standard with high effectiveness.


The possible role of carotenoids as free radical scavengers during development of fish larvae has not been completely elucidated. To gain further insight, we used a photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus (PSB) as a secondary feed for Japanese flounder larvae and juveniles. In the administration group of rotifers reared with PSB, the amount of lipid peroxides in the juveniles on day 30 after starting the feed was lower than that in the administration group without PSB (control). The mortalities on day 30 were also lower than those in the control. The PSB pigments inhibited the Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation of egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes. These findings suggest that the pigments, especially X1 and X3 fractionated by reversed-phase HPLC, inhibited the initiation and progression of lipid peroxidation.


Objective We compared the efficacy of excimer laser flying spots mode and broad beam made for treatment of myopia with astigmatism. Methods A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the visual acuity of 92 eyes after laser in situ keratomileusis. Patients were divided into two groups according to the procedure with flying spots mode and broad beam mode. There were 51 eyes in A group whose procedure were done with flying spots mode and 41 eyes in B group with broad beam mode. Results There were no statistically significant difference in the mean ages and preoperative spherical equivalent refraction between two groups. No statistically difference between preoperative best corrected visual acuity and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity in A group. There were statistically significant between preoperative best corrected visual acuity and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity in B group. Conclusion There were statistically significant in postoperative uncorrected visual acuity between A and B group.


The Low Energy Neutral Atom (LENA) imager on the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) spacecraft in the magnetosphere can detect neutral particles coming from the direction of the magnetopause. During a period of dynamic pressure of 0 nPa and IMF BZ of +/ nT on March ,1, ,**+, significant neutral atom emissions occurred in the direction of the very high-latitude magnetopause. Simultaneous observations from IMAGE/LENA and SuperDARN radar show that the LENA emission appears concurrently with the enhancement of the sunward flow of the reverse convection in the ionosphere. In a recent paper (S. Taguchi et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., --, L*-+*+, doi: +*.+*,3/,**/GL*,/*,*, ,**0) this type of emission has been interpreted as being produced by the fast ion flow caused by cusp reconnection through charge exchange with the Earth's hydrogen exosphere. In other words, remote sensing using LENA imager can be applied in order to determine the stability of the reconnection site. From results of analyses of LENA emission data we show that the reconnection "spot" mapped on a sphere having a radius of 2 RE shifts tailward by approximately + RE over +*min while fluctuating. key words: cusp, neutral atoms, reconnection, IMF


Land Use is an major element in temporal studies of urban imagery, its precise and revised information is indispensable for understanding the environmental consequences of corresponding changes. Impervious surface ratio (ISR) and green cover ratio (GCR are important elements in determining urban environments, which can be employed to assess urban flood phenomenon, vegetation percentage. In the current study temporal study of BBMP is made by procuring satellite imagery 0f 1992, 2000, 2005 and 2010. The imageries are classified into four classes like Water, Built ups, Vegetation and Others by superwised classification. . The overall classification accuracy of 90.56% was achieved for the four urban land cover types. The different imageries from 1992 to 2010 showed phenomenal variation in vegetation cover over the years. The Green cover shows initial increase from 1992 to 2000 and then we could observe rapid depletion from 2005 to 2010. The Impervious surface ratio shows more than 50% increase from 1992 to 2010 and the increase is more prominent in the periphery of the city. ABSTRACT Research Paper Environmental Science


By employing generalized impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis,which are based on VAR method,the long-term effects was investigated,that of dynamic interactions between two kinds of environmental regulation indicators and foreign direct investment during 1985~2008.The impulse response shows that,on the one hand,environmental regulation in China is an important influence factors on foreign direct investment,on the other hand,the foreign direct investment has positive acting force to environmental regulation,however the latter has certain hysteresis.And variance decomposition results suggest that foreign direct investment is the main variable to explain the forecasting mean square error of the environmental regulation variable,but it's not true vice versa.


The purpose of this study was to examine the chemical compositions of the Trembesi ( Samanea saman ) plant so that its potential as ruminant feed could be found. This research is a descriptive study, The materials used in this study are young leaves, old leaves, young petioles, old petioles, fruit, seeds, and rind. The material taken from the Sukoharjo area. The material samples were proksimat analyzed. Analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), extract eter (EE) and Ash (AOAC, 1990), neutral netergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin (Van Soest et al , 1991). The data obtained will be presented in a table. The data obtained shows that the parts of the Trembesi plant, namely leaves, petioles, fruit, seeds and rind contain sufficient nutrients to be used as animal feed, so this research can be concluded that trembesi ( Sammanea saman ) can be potentially used as animal feed that supports it as an alternative feed for ruminants.


Esophageal carcinoma in China one of the most common malignant tumors,the prognosis is bad,early treatment of choice for esophageal carcinoma surgery.Targeted intervention in the treatment of advanced esophageal carcinoma is increasingly important.This article is currently involved in targeting the value of the treatment of esophageal carcinoma were reviewed.


High-quality Bi2S3 and Sb2S3 nanorods on a large scale were successfully synthesized by the solvothermal treatment of a novel kind of single-source precursors (SSPs), metal di-n-octyl-dithiophosphates (M[S2P-
(OC8H17)2]3, M ) Bi, Sb). The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns show that both of these products belong to the orthorhombic M2S3 phase. The experimental results show that the Bi2S3 nanorods can be easily prepared in air at g140 °C for 5 h in the presence of oleylamine. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the rodlike appearance of Bi2S3 with a diameter of 7-21 nm and length of several hundred nanometers under the various reaction conditions. The effects of reaction parameters, such as reaction time, temperature, and concentration of the precursor, on the growth of nanorods were discussed in detail. The mechanism of the formation process of the nanorods was proposed. We also demonstrate that this method can be extended to the synthesis of Sb2S3 nanorods, which have an average diameter in the range of 45 nm and a length in the range of 1 im. The optical absorption experiment shows that these nanorods are semiconductor with bandwidth Eg ) 1.67 eV for Bi2S3 and 1.76 eV for Sb2S3, both near to the optimum for photovoltaic conversion, suggesting these nanorods could be used in solar energy and photoelectronic applications.


Jeg‐3 choriocarcinoma cells express class‐I MHC HLA‐G and low levels of a novel HLA‐C product. The functional significance of such novel MHC class‐I expression in regard of the cellular immune response has been investigated. Jeg‐3 cells are NK‐insensitive, but susceptible to LAK cytotoxicity, some of which is mediated by T cells. No Jeg‐3‐specific CTL or proliferative responses could be generated in allogeneic responder PBMC from several different donors. There was no detectable xenogeneic recognition of Jeg‐3 cells even when preceded by in vivo priming. Jeg‐3 cells are able to suppress proliferative responses in humans and others species. This is not reproduced by conditioned medium from the Jeg‐3 cells, but can be overridden by IL‐2. The ability of the Jeg‐3 choriocarcinoma (trophoblast) cells to suppress in the MLR may reflect the processes which are shared to enable the survival of the foetus in a semi‐allogeneic mother or a tumour in its host. It is not clear whether there is any relationship between the unusual class‐I‐MHC expression by trophoblast and the putative regulatory properties of the latter.


The objective of this research paper was to link two computer codes, PDCOMP (for Progressive Damage Analysis for Laminated Composites) and 3DIMPACT (for the prediction of the extent of delaminations in laminated composites resulting from point impact loads), in order to predict impact damage by taking into account local damage and material degradation and to estimate residual stiffness of composites after impact. The resulting graphs and analysis versus test results are presented along with the conclusive results of the codes' performances.


In this article we present a novel approach to accelerating the BLAST algorithm by using the GPGPU technology. BLAST is the most widely used algorithm and software package for biological sequence search. It is,however,limited by serial process and heavy disk I/O operation. We analyze BLASTN,a typical BLAST tool,identify the most important hotspot of BLASTN,and use CUDA to reprogram the hotspot process. Our test results show that more than 35 times speedup has been achieved in the GPU BLASTN as compared to the CPU counterpart,which demonstrates the significance of parallelizing the BLAST algorithm using the GPGPU technology.


ABSTRACT Suicidality is more common among queer individuals. Past research has overlooked queer individuals' own understandings of suicidality in relation to discrimination and supportive processes potentially achieved through gay pride events. This study applied the decompensation model as a framework to explore queer individuals' perceptions of suicide, discrimination and gay pride events. Seven focus groups were held with a total of 28 queer individuals aged 18–25 years old. Participants had a range of sexualities, genders and ethnicities. Qualitative data from the focus groups were interpreted using an inductive form of thematic analysis, resulting in three themes: the invisibility of suicide; compound discrimination; and processes of normalising queer identities. Participants suggested that greater awareness of suicide is needed and proposed a trajectory from discrimination to suicide, wherein both queer identities and suicidality are discriminated against. Discrimination from within queer communities was problematised and gay pride events were understood to normalise queer identities by providing opportunities for support and fostering activism against inequalities. The results underscore nuanced perspectives on suicidality, discrimination and gay pride events among young queer individuals in Aotearoa/New Zealand and have implications for suicide prevention efforts. These findings also demonstrate the value of applying an intersectional approach to identity, ideology and discrimination in research on suicidality among queer individuals.


We studied the primary medical records (PMR) of 5292 patients (3781 (71.45%) males and 1511 (28.55%) females) aged 22 to 55 years old (young and middle age). The patients examined involved 851 (728 males and 123 females) students of military schools and 1577 (1303 men and 274 women) officers who were treated in the departmental dental care institution, as well as 1214 (526 men and 688 women) young people and 1650 (1224 men and 426 women) middle-aged man who received treatment in the public dental care institution (DCI). We determined the patient's reason for seeking dental care (emergency care for acute toothache, routine treatment due to chronic dental disease, patient's visit in connection with routine dental sanation). Special attention was given to the complicated caries (pulpitis, periodontitis) as a reason for seeking emergency or routine dental care. It was established that during the routine oral cavity sanation the complicated forms of caries are observed much rarer and are not the principle reason for seeking emergency dental care. The authors note a large number of mistakes in conducting PMR, which were revealed both in the departmental and public dental hospitals.


The utilization of Stromal-Derived Inducing Activity (SDIA) is one of the most efficientmethods in generating dopaminergic (DA) neurons from embryonic stem cells (ESC).Neuronal and dopaminergic ind ...


The fate of a microbe in the host is determined by various molecules of the innate immune system, which recognize the microbe and enhance its interaction with antigen presenting cells. This 'natural targeting' phenomenon, however, does not function when antigens with limited immunogenicity enter the host. Peptide vaccines, for instance, require adjuvants to induce immune responses. As a surrogate for the natural targeting mechanisms, antibodies against selected receptors of antigen presenting cells, conjugated with the peptides, could be used as targeting devices. Here we review various antibody‐mediated antigen‐targeting strategies, paying special attention to complement receptor‐mediated targeting. We also describe and summarize our method of single‐chain antibody‐mediated targeting of viral epitopes to complement receptor type two and discuss the perspectives of single‐chain antibody‐mediated antigen targeting. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objectives: We describe treatment failure rates by antibiotic duration for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) managed with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR). Methods: We retrospectively collected data from all the cases of PJI that were managed with DAIR over a 5 year period. Surgical debridement, microbiological sampling, early intravenous antibiotics and prolonged oral follow-on antibiotics were used. Results: One hundred and twelve cases of PJI were identified. Twenty infections (18%) recurred during a mean follow-up of 2.3 years. The mean duration of antibiotic use was 1.5 years. Failure was more common after arthroscopic debridement, for previously revised joints and for Staphylococcus aureus infection. There were 12 failures after stopping antibiotics and 8 while on antibiotics [hazard ratio However, during the first 3 months of follow-up, there were eight failures after stopping antibiotics and two while on antibiotics (HR 57.0, 95% CI 1.5– 33, P 50.015). The duration of antibiotic therapy prior to stopping did not predict outcome. Conclusions: PJI may be managed by DAIR. The risk of failure with this strategy rises after stopping oral antibiotics, but lengthening antibiotic therapy may simply postpone, rather than prevent, failure.


There has been increasing interest in smart factories powered by robotics systems to tackle repetitive, laborious tasks. One particular impactful yet challenging task in robotics-powered smart factory applications is robotic grasping: using robotic arms to grasp objects autonomously in different settings. Robotic grasping requires a variety of computer vision tasks such as object detection, segmentation, grasp prediction, pick planning, etc. While significant progress has been made in leveraging of machine learning for robotic grasping, particularly with deep learning, a big challenge remains in the need for large-scale, high-quality RGBD datasets that cover a wide diversity of scenarios and permutations. To tackle this big, diverse data problem, we are inspired by the recent rise in the concept of metaverse, which has greatly closed the gap between virtual worlds and the physical world. In particular, metaverses allow us to create digital twins of real-world manufacturing scenarios and to virtually create different scenarios from which large volumes of data can be generated for training models. In this paper, we present MetaGraspNet: a large-scale benchmark dataset for vision-driven robotic grasping via physics-based metaverse synthesis. The proposed dataset contains 100,000 images and 25 different object types, and is split into 5 difficulties to evaluate object detection and segmentation model performance in different grasping scenarios. We also propose a new layout-weighted performance metric alongside the dataset for evaluating object detection and segmentation performance in a manner that is more appropriate for robotic grasp applications compared to existing general-purpose performance metrics. The MetaGraspNet benchmark dataset will be available open-source on Kaggle2, with the first phase consisting of detailed object detection, segmentation, layout annotations, and a script for layoutweighted performance metric (https://github.com/y2863/MetaGraspNet). ∗Equal contribution https://www.kaggle.com/metagrasp/metagraspnetdifficulty1-easy, https://www.kaggle.com/metagrasp/metagraspnetdifficulty2-medium, https://www.kaggle.com/metagrasp/metagraspnetdifficulty3-hard1, https://www.kaggle.com/metagrasp/metagraspnetdifficulty4-hard2, https://www.kaggle.com/metagrasp/metagraspnetdifficulty5-very-hard Preprint. Under review. ar X iv :2 11 2. 14 66 3v 2 [ cs .C V ] 3 0 D ec 2 02 1


ABSTRACT Surf camps are located in popular surf spots and provide surf classes, guided surf tours and various services such as accommodation and food. This study's main objective was to identify the principal components of surfers' overall experiences in surf camps based on the narratives shared online in social media platforms. The research focused on camps in Portugal, using quantitative (i.e. computer-based) and qualitative (i.e. narrative) content analysis methods to process Web reviews written by surf camp visitors with different nationalities. The results reveal 10 themes in descriptions of stays at surf camps: 'surf', 'instructors', 'place', 'camp', 'beach', 'staff', 'experience', 'wave',' home' and 'team'. These represent the overall surf camp experiences connected to surf lessons, natural resources of surf spots, human resources in surf camps and recommendations after experiences. This study contributes to the literature on surf tourism by addressing the need for more literature on surf camps, especially those in Portugal.


In February 2009, the Bulgarian Commission on Protection of Competition (CPC) introduced a programme on immunity from and reduction of fines in cartel cases (Leniency Programme). The Leniency…


The bad loan phenomenon of the banking, has perplexed the difficult problem that the banking of our country is being developed in a healthy way continuously all the time. The forming of bad loan, there is its profound reason in many aspects. It wants and solve the problem well that we should start with at the system factors of bank and outside form respect, should Carry on innovation from system and adopt corresponding countermeasure and measure. We can turn back the passive situation of operating management of the bank fundamentally.


e23025Background: Emergence of KRAS mutation in blood is observed in colorectal cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy, but its clinical significance is not well known. In this study, we focused ...


This qualitative study is the first known effort to define the differing perceptions of public relations leadership at three distinct career points, and explore the leadership development gaps and needs from these varied perspectives. Semi-structured interviews with senior public relations practitioners, young professionals and current students in the United States bring needed depth and clarity to prior scholarship on leadership development, a growing concern within the public relations industry around the world. Additionally, the findings pinpoint leadership development best practices for better infusing leadership development into undergraduate public relations education, and into training and development programs for young professionals.


Hemitruncus is the anomalous origin of one of the branch pulmonary arteries from the aorta and the other arises normally from the right ventricles in the presence of 2 normal semilunar valves [1–3]. It is a rare congenital lesion with a high mortality and morbidity if not diagnosed and treated surgically early in life [1,4,5]. Usually it is an isolated anomaly, but it can be associated with other lesions as tetralogy of Fallot, aortopulmonary window, coarctation and interrupted aortic arch [1,3,5,6]. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature, most of them reporting right hemitruncus. Here we present the first case to be reported in our institute in the last 30 years. The patient was a 2-month-old baby who presented with a picture of pulmonary hypertension and was diagnosed as left hemitruncus; we discuss his presentation and diagnostic procedures.


The role of office hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of intrauterine disease is discussed as exemplified by examinations of 280 patients. Office hysteroscopy is the most informative screening method for the diagnosis of intrauterine abnormalities, which can be carried out in an outpatient setting. An important advantage of office hysteroscopy is that it involves no dilatation of the cervical canal and anesthesia. It can also be used to monitor the status of the uterine cavity during the postoperative period.


The response of Pinus caribaea to water stress following transplanting was investigated in a series of experiments in a plant house with three types of planting stock, (a) bare-rooted and wrenched monthly, (b) bare-rooted and wrenched at fortnightly intervals, and (c) potted. Seedling response, as reflected in relative leaf water content, leaf elongation, and whole plant transpiration was monitored during a drying regime in an environment with a high evaporative demand maintained during daylight hours. Soil water potential and potential evapotranspiration were monitored in conjunction with plant response. Root density and the total length of root per plant were measured at the beginning and end of the drying regime. The results indicated large differences in the response of bare-rooted and potted planting stock to a regime of drying soil moisture following transplanting. Data for both leaf elongation and transpiration as a function of relative leaf water content indicated that these physiological properties of the three stocks were similar. Modification of the root systems did not greatly alter root density although it did produce large differences in the total length of root per seedling. As differences in the response of planting stock could not be accounted for by differences in root density and the volume of the root zone, it is implied that the seedlings' initial response to water stress was dominated in these studies by the relative water content of the leaf following transplanting. Interpretation of results in terms of current theory for transfer of water to the root system implies that the effect of root density and the volume of the root zone on the plants' response to water stress requires further study. INTRODUCTION The development of a satisfactory planting stock for the establishment of Pinus caribaea in Fiji (Rennie, 1974) has involved field and nursery experiments designed to examine the overall performance of bare-rooted and potted stock. To date there have been no physiological studies with Pinus caribaea on the comparative response of planting stock to applied water stress. There are, however, a number of studies (Rook, 1969, 1971, 1973; Van Dorsser & Rook, 1972) on Pinus radiata which have considered the physiological consequences * Present Address: CSIRO Division of Soils, Private Bag, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia. N.Z. JI For . Sci. 5 (1): 87-104 88 New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science Vol. 5 of undercutting/wrenching as practised in New Zealand or restricted watering as carried out in parts of Australia and South Africa. Both these conditioning practices are designed to improve the seedlings' response to water stress conditions during and immediately following transplanting operations. Rook (1969) and Van Dorsser and Rook (1972) attribute the improved water balance of seedling stock conditioned by undercutting/wrenching to the efficient root system which is developed by the practice. Rook (1973) provides evidence that seedling stock conditioned by restricted watering has an improved water balance by virtue of an efficient stomatal regulation of water loss and enhanced root growth capacity immediately following transplanting. The conditioning or "design" of a pine seedling to respond favourably to water stress following transplanting, and to subsequently establish rapid and continued growth, can be considered in the first instance in terms of a model based on that of Gardner (I960). Williams (1974) developed an expression in which the leaf water potential ^1) is given by f = r ^ Rp _.._ (1) 277flL o given that T = T In — v ' where TY and r b is the matric potential (cm) at the root and in bulk soil respectively, Q is the water extraction rate for the root system (cm/cm/day) defined as Q = v /V where v is rate of water loss and V is root zone volume, ri is the root radius (cm), L is root density (cm/cm) and Rp is the resistance in the plant (day), k is the hydraulic conductivity of the soil (cm/day) and r2 is half the distance between adjacent roots, defined as (l/7rL)^. The leaf water potential determines, through the leaf moisture characteristic (Jarvis & Jarvis, 1963b), the leaf water content which subsequently determines stomatal aperture, closure and the response of the plant to the water stress condition. If it can be assumed that the leaf moisture characteristic is beyond manipulation in the nursery, then the seedling characteristics open to manipulation are, the root density (L), the root length per seedling, and thus the root zone volume (V), the relationship between leaf water content and stomatal aperature, and presumably the resistance (Rp) to water movement in the plant itself (Passioura, 1972). Clearly conditioning by undercutting/wrenching attempts to increase the root density; and to decrease the water extraction rate via the length of root per seedling. For a given evaporative demand the drop in leaf water potential will therefore be minimised and thus will extend the period before the transpiration falls following stomatal closure. Conditioning by restricted watering is an attempt to increase the resistance in the plant (Rp) by producing a thick cuticle and small stomatal aperture (Rook, 1973) in addition to changing the relationship between leaf water content and stomatal aperture for the seedling so that stomatal aperture and closure responds rapidly to changes in leaf water content. The water extraction rate and the subsequent drop in leaf water potential is therefore minimised for a given evaporative demand. The early stomatal closure ensures conservation of water and the plant will survive as long as leaf water potential remains in excess of the water potential associated with permanent wilting. No. 1 Williams — Water Relations of Pinus caribaea Planting Stock 89 It is obvious from equation (1) that in order to survive a period of water stress following transplanting a seedling should have initially a high leaf water potential (or leaf water content). These concepts provide a theoretical base on which to consider the process by which nursery practice determines the response of planting stock to water stress. The response of Pinus caribaea to water stress following transplanting was investigated in a series of experiments with three types of planting stock: (a) bare-rooted and wrenched monthly; (b) bare-rooted and wrenched at fortnightly intervals, and (c) potted. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD I. The Plant System Six-month-old potted and bare-rooted P. caribaea Mor. var. hondurensis Barr. and Golf, stock supplied by the Fiji Department of Forestry were used in this study. (a) The bare-rooted stock These seedlings had received one of the following treatments in the nursery beginning at four months:— (i) Undercut at a depth of 5-10 cm and wrenched twice with a month between treatments, designated Wrenched Monthly (W/M) . (ii) Undercut as above, then two weeks later wrenched, and wrenched again at three fortnightly intervals, designated Wrenched Fortnightly (W/F) . These seedlings were carefully removed from the nursery beds, the root systems immediately packed in a puddled clay, and transported to the laboratory, avoiding exposure to direct sunlight. Within three hours of their removal from the nursery beds the seedlings were transplanted to cylindrical plastic pots (18 cm in diameter and 20 cm deep) containing a humic latosol soil which had been prepared to a water content equivalent to a matric potential of approximately -0 .3 bars. (b) The potted stock These seedlings, grown in a soil mixture (see Table 6) contained in a polythene cylindrical pot (approximately 3 cm in diameter and 13 cm deep), were supplied from the same nursery. The potted seedlings were watered to a matric potential of approximately 0 . 3 bars. The polythene pot was cut away and the seedlings transplanted, following a procedure identical to that for the bare-rooted stock, to cylindrical plastic pots containing the same humic latosol soil maintained at approximately -0 .3 bars. These seedlings were designated Potted (P). Every attempt was made to reproduce the field planting procedure (Rennie, 1974) for both the bare-rooted and potted stock. The resulting root densities (see Table 1) and geometries were assumed to represent the field systems. To> date, however, there have been no quantitative field estimates of root density or root zone volume following transplanting. II. Plant response (a) Leaf length Between two and four mature leaves 1 to 3 cm in length were tagged for each plant. Length was measured using a pair of vernier calipers at intervals of 7-10 days during the hours 1500 to 1800 local time. Error in the estimate was ± 0.05 cm. (b) Leaf mass At the conclusion of the study leaves were classified according to age and length. 90 New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science Vol. 5 TABLE 1—Seedling characteristics of the three planting stocks of P. caribaea immediately following transplanting to experimental plots


Closed-loop identification of two-input two-output (TITO) processes by time-domain curve fitting to minimize the sum of the squared errors between the actual and calculated closed-loop responses is studied. The perceived difficulties with this methodology are the need for global optimization because of the possible existence of multiple minima, the extensive computations, the evaluation of numerical derivatives for efficient optimization methods, and the accuracy and reliability of the results. In this study, a genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to locate reliably the global minimum of the least-squares problem. Results show that time-domain curve fitting via GA, followed by the BFGS (Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno) method, recovers accurate and reliable transfer function models of TITO processes from closed-loop responses under a range of test conditions including different controller settings in the closed-loop test, different durations of the test, underdamped or overdamped closed-loop responses, and measurement noise. Because closed-loop tests need not be conducted until steady state is reached, the test duration can be reduced significantly.


The temperature-density profiles of imploded cryogenic D2 capsules are inferred for a low-adiabat (α∼6) drive using a Monte Carlo technique described earlier [V. A. Smalyuk et al., Phys. Plasmas 12, 052706 (2005)]. The analysis has been improved by incorporating differential x-ray imaging using narrowband channels at ∼4.5 and ∼6.5keV. The inferred compression is significantly higher with the low-adiabat drive than with reported previously high-adiabat (α∼25) drive.


Japhui(雜戱), which was very high dangerous but popular in the Yuan Dynasty, didn't flowed into Goryeo until the military reign period. By the Yuan Dynasty's interference period, the Silk Road of land and sea routes was integrated and the broad west area was secured. Therefore, the nomadic elements became conspicuous. In that time, Japhui required a high degree of skill. It provided a variety of colorful attractions, and obtained a marketability in keeping with the then market economy atmosphere. It became in great demand, spreading to government officials' private residences and the festive events of seasonal customs. Its performance was in need of a open yard and a stage for play. To install the stages like Sandae(山臺) and Hwasandae(火山臺) required great expense. And also, the performance on a small scale, like a puppet show, was popular. So Japhui had a dual demand. Musical practicians gradually got out of the government control and flowed into the private sector before and after the military reign period. And the new professional artistes, accomplished in Japhui, emerged in the interference period. They were the musical practicians who came to visit from the west area to Goryeo as a result of the appearance of Jaeseung(齋僧) in temples and the growing trade with the Yuan. In that time, the existence of Janyeoan(恣女案) and Yuyeojeok(遊女籍) was a measure securing Ginyeo(妓女) on national level to meet the increased demand of music. With the appearance of such professional artistes then, musical practicians converged on the area of government officials' residence, the largest consumption area of Japhui. Among some of the rich class, there emerged those who furnished with performance facility and helped performers to obtain employment. And also, the patron stratum of performance, at the very least, existed in small numbers.


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for displaying data in a terminal having a touch screen. The method according to an embodiment of the present invention is performed in the terminal having the touch screen, and comprises the steps of: setting a ratio between a scroll and a movement distance of a touch; detecting a touch gesture in a first region of the touch screen; scrolling icons of the first region at the set ratio in response to the touch gesture; and displaying, in a second region of the touch screen, detailed information about one among at least one icon newly displayed according to the scroll. [Reference numerals] (210) Display icons in a first region of a touch screen and display detailed information about one of the icons in a second region; (220) Set a ratio between a movement distance of a touch and a scroll; (230) Detect the movement of the touch in the first region; (240) Scroll the icons at the set ratio in response to the movement of the touch; (250) Display, in the second region, detailed information about one among at least one icon newly displayed according to the scroll; (AA) Start; (BB) End


Aims:  To investigate whether non‐preconditioned yeast cells survive under heat shock, when placed in growth medium originated from protected cells and to provide insights into the ionic contribution in the response.


Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario; N2L 3G1, Canada; Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orleans, France; Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario; N2L 3G1, Canada


The invention relates to a novel flat-bottom hole drill which comprises a twist drill, wherein a core bit is arranged at the lower end of the twist drill; two straight cutting edges are symmetrically arranged at the lower end of the twist drill and on the two sides of the core bit; a front angle of the flat-bottom hole drill is milled to be at 2-5 degrees; a rear angle of the flat-bottom hole drill is milled to be at 2-3 degrees; and a concave notch is arranged on each of the cutting edges. According to the novel flat-bottom hole drill, the twist drill is milled to be flat and straight and symmetrical cutting edges and the rear angle is only at 2-3 degrees, so that the cutter stab is prevented and a breaking accident of the drill bit is avoided; the core bit is used for centering, so that the drilling is stable; the cutting resistance is reduced by the concave notches; and the novel flat-bottom hole drill is simple in structure and convenient to manufacture and can finish the flat-bottom processing according to the requirements of a workpiece.


It is shown that Landau's theory of plural inelastic scattering of fast electrons leads to the more recent formulation given by Burge, Misell and co-workers (1968-70).


This essay explores the intertwined trajectories of a cluster of Argentine magazines, leftist and avant-garde: Proa, Martín Fierro, Insurrexit, and Revista de Oriente which, in their own peculiar ways, rocked and transformed the Buenos Aires cultural scene. It charts the magazines' fleeting – though momentous – life-spans and existences at a time of revolution, when small collectives of writers and students spread radical and reformist ideas, formal experimentation, and a vernacular revival. While the nagging question of national identity underpinned the magazines' literary aesthetics, the essay shows that, from the start, those at the editorial helm increasingly steered them towards the wider waters of world literature. Inasmuch as they realised that the conundrum of how to invent a modern Argentine literature could only be resolved dialectically, facing both inwards and outwards, nationally and transnationally, through the relationship between Argentina, Latin America, and the world at large.


Transparencies, slides, and computer based displays are common visual aids used in classroom presentations. This paper will outline the use of principles which improve the effectiveness of these visual aids General principles discussed include: Organizing material, clarifying material and enhancing encoding. Gestalt principles such as simplicity, similarity, proximity, and continuation, appropriate text size and font, effective use of color and other attention getting cues, and appropriate contrast and glare reduction are considered.


We report how the strength of resonant Bragg reflection from polymeric photonic crystals (polymer opals) varies linearly with the refractive-index contrast, Δn, in contrast to the quadratic buildup of Fresnel reflections scaling as (Δn)2. This occurs due to the interplay of disorder and periodicity, in agreement with a simple 1-dimensional periodic model. Goniometry experiments show that opal films exhibit "cones" of resonantly scattered light, which extend to ±20° angular deviation from the specular direction. The intensity of the scattering cones varies super-linearly with Δn. Such medium contrast photonic crystals are of significant interest for understanding structural colors exhibited in nature, by structures with inherent disorder.


This paper proposes an Approximate Dynamic Programming (ADP) approach for obtaining the optimal real-time operation strategy of microgrid with power-to-hydrogen (P2H) device. Firstly, the real-time operation model of microgrid with P2H is established, then a piece-wise linear function based approximate dynamic programming is proposed to solve the operation model. With the direction of the slope update and training policies under various training scenarios, the proposed ADP approach can obtain the approximate optimal real-time operation strategies to cope with uncertainties. Case studies verify the superiority of the proposed ADP approach compared with Model Predictive Control approach (MPC).


OBJECTIVES: We sought to use a clinical decision support system (CDSS) to save costs and to improve scheduling of vestibular patients in an otolaryngology clinic. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a concurrent review of 50 vestibular patients scheduled in the University of Missouri otolaryngology clinic with or without testing based on the outcome of a CDSS. The CDSS was implemented using Web-based technology. Charges incurred by the health care system through tests determined by the CDSS were compared with those incurred using the standard procedure of ordering hearing tests and electronystagmography for all patients. RESULTS: Thirty-nine tests were prescheduled using the CDSS. Twenty-five additional tests were ordered after the visit. The CDSS resulted in savings of $37,904.00 in charges to the health care system. The CDSS showed high specificity and variable sensitivity. CONCLUSION: A Web-based CDSS can be used to better manage and coordinate patient encounters. SIGNIFICANCE: One important reason to use a CDSS in health care management is to lower costs.


Many adults cannot voluntarily recall memories before the ages of 3-5, a phenomenon referred to as "infantile amnesia". The development of the hippocampal network likely plays a significant part in the emergence of the ability to form long-lasting memories. In adults, the hippocampus has specialized and privileged connections with certain cortical networks, which presumably facilitate its involvement in memory encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. Is the hippocampus already specialized in these cortical connections at birth? And are the topographical principles of connectivity (e.g. long-axis specialization) present at birth? We analyzed resting-state hippocampal connectivity in neonates scanned within one week of birth (Developmental Human Connectome Project) and compared them to adults (Human Connectome Project). We explored the connections of the whole hippocampus and its long-axis specialization to seven canonical cortical networks. We found that the neonatal hippocampal networks show clear immaturity at birth: adults showed hippocampal connectivity that was unique for each cortical network, whereas neonates showed no differentiation in hippocampal connectivity across these networks. Further, neonates lacked long-axis specialization (i.e., along anterior-posterior axis) of the hippocampus in its differential connectivity patterns to the cortical networks. This immaturity in connectivity may contribute to immaturity in memory formation in the first years of life. Significance Statement While animal data, and anatomical and behavioral human data from young children suggest that the hippocampus is immature at birth, to date, there are no direct assessments of human hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) very early in life. Our study explores the FC of the hippocampus to the cortex at birth, allowing insight into the development of human memory systems.


The invention discloses an assembling-free expandable ring-continuous hinging locking type foldable tent. The tent comprises a supporting frame, and a tent cloth which sleeves the supporting frame, wherein the supporting frame comprises two expandable ring mechanisms, connecting rod mechanisms, shearing type mechanisms and pulling ropes; the two expandable ring mechanisms are connected at intervals by an end-to-end manner though 4n side pipes and 4n separating blocks; each shearing type mechanism is formed by connecting at least one parallel shearing unit and a bottom pole wire shearing type unit; two connecting rod mechanisms and two shearing type mechanisms are uniformly arranged by staggering and are connected with the two expandable ring mechanisms by pining; the pulling ropes are connected to the two shearing type mechanisms at the upper sides of the expandable ring mechanisms; the pulling rope pass through the other one of the ends of two inner side connecting rods and is fixed on the other one of the ends of the two outer side connecting rods. Compared with the traditional tent, the text has the advantages that the complex assembling process is avoided, the size is small after folding, the carrying is convenient, the structure is stable, and a good temporary residence is provided for outdoor activities, such as camping.


The work contained in this thesis is derived from various projects completed during my studies at the University of Rochester. The first chapter introduces the reader to foundational concepts in quantum mechanics, quantum optics, weak values, and the interaction of light with matter. Chapter two covers the results of experiments conducted to measure the deflection of a beam of classical light using the weak value formalism. A discussion of the optimal signal to noise ratio of such a measurement is included. Chapter three shows how the so-called "inverse weak value" can be used to measure the phase of an optical beam with high precision. The following chapter includes results on precision frequency measurements using a standard glass prism and weak values, followed by related experimental results arising from the interaction of light with gaseous rubidium. Chapter five focuses on a proposal to use weak measurements to undo a random disturbance in the amplitude or phase of an entangled pair of photons. It is shown that the entanglement of an ensemble of photon pairs can be largely restored after this random disturbance.


The possibility of using finite atomic functions of Kravchenko-Rvachev for description of the laws of distribution of the refractive index of the troposphere, the intensity of the scattering from the sea, seasonal behavior unit RCS of land areas with vegetation covering, as well as the spectrum of electromagnetic spikes of lithospheric origin is considered.


Cryptosporidium parvum is a coccidian protozoan that has zoonotic significance. Species of this protozoan are known to contribute significantly to the calf-hood morbidity and mortality and hence is become an economic liability to many dairy and beef herds. In addition to its negative impact on the efficiency of animal production, it has emerged as one of the most significant waterborne pathogens causing enterocolitis in humans worldwide. Because of the broad host spectrum of this pathogen, inefficiencies of the common drinking water treatment methods, and the lack of reliable therapy in humans, Cryptosporidium parvum is considered one of the major threats found in a to the water supply system. We carried out a probabilistic risk assessment for the contamination of a drinking water supply system with zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp. from nonpoint sources for a watershed in New York State. Genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp. were identified using PCR and genetic sequencing techniques. There are many agricultural sources that could contribute to the contamination of the water supply systems including dairy cattle operations and associated farming activities, wildlife, and sewage treatment plants. The fault tree scenario pathway approach was used to assess the likelihood of contamination of the water supply in the watershed with zoonotic genotypes of Cryptosporidium. Estimates of the parameters used in the risk assessment model were obtained from our studies and from the literature. The analysis demonstrated the importance of the farming activities in mitigating the risk of this protozoan associated with dairy cattle and highlighted the role of sewage treatment plants.


Abstract 4571 Background. The accumulation of CD19+/CD5+/CD23+ B cells with a prolonged lifespan in peripheral blood, secondary lymphoid organs and bone marrow (BM) is a peculiar feature of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Since CLL cells removed from the in vivo microenvironment and in vitro cultured rapidly undergo spontaneous apoptosis, bidirectional interactions between malignant and by-stander cells may lead to an abnormal microenvironment that confers growth advantages to neoplastic clone. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are the dominant marrow stromal population in indolent subtype of CLL/small lymphocytic leukemia (SLL) and follicular lymphoma (FL), rather than other aggressive B-cell lymphomas, and are involved in B-CLL cell survival. Despite the phenotypic and cytologic homogeneity, CLL is characterized by extremely variable clinical courses, suggesting that malignant B-cells hold variable degrees of dependency on pro-survival signals coming from the microenvironment. The aim of this study was to assess the role of MSCs in CLL B-cell localization and survival, defining the degree of dependency of leukemic B-cells from external pro-survival signals, with the ultimate goal of identifying patients that mostly benefit microenvironment-targeted therapies. Methods. MSCs isolated from the BM of 47 B-CLL patients were expanded ex vivo and characterized through flow cytometry analysis and differentiation cultures. Fresh isolated CLL peripheral blood mononuclear cells were co-cultured with CLL-MSCs or stromal cells and apoptosis were measured by Annexin V test and western blotting analysis (PARP-1 detection). Chemotactic assays were performed. Results. The survival of neoplastic cells ranged from 13.3% (±13.2) in leukemic cells cultured in medium alone to 58.5% (±17.2) when leukemic cells were cultured in presence of CLL-MSCs (p Conclusions. MSCs derived from patients with B-CLL provide survival signals to neoplastic cells, extending their lifespan and producing chemotactic factors that favour their accumulation into BM. On the other hand, CLL cells display heterogeneous responses to environmental pro-survival signals, suggesting that each CLL clone could differently react to the microenvironment protection. The blocking of the cross-talk between malignant clone and accessory cells within the microenvironment might represent an attractive novel strategy for CLL therapy. Our data provide the rationale for tailored therapies which powerfully target the cross-talk with marrow cells, particularly on patients carrying a clone more sensitive to anti-apoptotic signals coming from the microenvironment. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


In the present study,we collected dairy-derived S.aureus strains in the inspection of various dairy products,and then examined the enterotoxin production of the isolates using enzyme-linked fluorescent assay(mini-VIDAS).Further,Real-time PCR analysis was performed to identify 11 of enterotoxin serological types in these strains.The frequency of enterotoxin-positive isolates presented unique characteristics,as well as the distribution of enterotoxin serological types.In addition,there was no significant difference between the test results of enterotoxin in dairy-derived S.aureus using VIDAS assay and Real-time PCR.


Today there is fairly rich literature to study how radical groups take advantage of technology to realize their goals. Something, however, is missing in such discussions as to how technology might affect the subjectivity of extremists. Technology, in the most of such inquiries, is taken to be merely a passive tool without any inherent bias. This instrumentalist approach to technology, however, turns out to be problematic. The contemporary studies of technology may provide us, as it will be argued, with insights to understand how technology might incline civilians towards radicalization. Two frameworks of postphenomenology and Actor-Network-Theory (ANT) will be the primary focus here to outline a schema of the impacts of technology on radicalization of minds. Although technology, with all its variety, is the general concern of the article, it will narrow the discussion down to social media platforms to make the point. It will be then suggested to ascribe an active role to technology in radicalism scholarship, thereby drawing attentions to the process of designing technologies.


The need of analog to digital converters with ultra low power, area efficient and high speed is giving more chance to the use of dynamic regenerative comparators to maximize the speed and power efficiency. In this paper, an analysis on the delay and power of the dynamic comparators will be presented and based on the presented analysis, a new dynamic comparator is proposed, in which the conventional double tail comparator is modified for low power and fast operation even in small supply voltages. Here by adding a few transistors, the power consumptions can be reduced drastically. Post–layout simulation using 180nm CMOS technology confirms the analysis results of the proposed dynamic comparator. INDEXTERMS: Double tail comparator, Power gating technique, Low-power analog design, Tanner EDA tool.


Wood-based composite doors are increasingly visible in the market and have gained favorable preference from consumers.Doors made from wood-based composites have advantages over ones made of solid wood such as better performance and lower cost.A door made with ordinary finger-jointed wood for its frame,medium density fiberboard for its substrate,and sliced veneer from precious wood species for its faces,was developed in this study.A detailed description of the structure,process,and improvements regarding the wood composite door was also presented.


In this paper we focus on a neglected aspect of common pool resource problems – whether or not actors in a group can find a solution to the underlying coordination issue. Using a simple networked model of coordination we demonstrate that coordination problems are very difficult to solve when there are few solutions and actors possess local information. However, if the number of solutions does not change, then increases in the number of connections in the network can make coordination more likely to occur. These results suggest connections can influence the ability to reach solutions in two different ways. First, if connections reduce the number of solutions to a problem, then coordination may be less likely. Second, if it is possible to build connections between actors without reducing the number of solutions, then these connections facilitate coordination. These insights can help shed light on how institutions may facilitate international policy coordination.


We aimed to investigate the relationship with COPD and respiratory exposures. 711 patients admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of COPD between May 2009-June 2010 were included. For the control group, 246 volunteer patients admitted to in-patient and out-patient clinics with any diagnosis other than COPD were included. Questionnaire including the questions according to socio-demographic characteristics, environmental and occupational exposures, patterns of tobacco use and passive-tobacco-smoke exposure of the patients was filled with face-to-face interview method. The mean age was 62.7±10.8 for COPD and 64.9±10.9 for the control group (p>0.05). The average monthly-income-levels and educational-status of the patients for COPD group was significantly lower than the control group (p=0.015, p=0.002,respectively). In COPD group the number of people dealing with farming were greater than the people in the control group (p For the development of COPD, except smoking, biomass-fuels and environmental exposures including passive exposure to tobacco smoke, environmental and occupational exposure to pollutants are also important risk factors, and prevention of exposure to these pollutants impede the development of COPD significantly.


Adolescent patients develop at differing rates, and healthcare services for these patients must consider these differences in order to be most effective. Engagement in risky behavior is a hallmark of the adolescent years, and adolescents will generally not discuss such behaviors unless confidentiality can be ensured. Traditional feefor-service healthcare has tended to alienate the adolescent patient, necessitating that they look for healthcare from outside sources. The group model health maintenance organization (HMO) provides advantages in relation to adolescent medicine. These advantages include a prepaid health plan that facilitates quality confidential care at a one-stop, comprehensive clinic. Two adolescent patient cases in a group model HMO with an emphasis on confidentiality are presented. The first demonstrates how a group model HMO can protect confidentiality when referrals must be made, and the second distinguishes privacy (protecting the patient's dignity) from confidentiality (protecting the patient's information). (Adv Stud Med. 2004;4(2B):S142-S148)


This study addresses the question of groundwater use sensitivity to changes in climate. We use county fixed effect models to empirically estimate the effect of climatic changes during the growing season on groundwater use for irrigation. This study uses data from the USGS reports on industry water use and weather data from NOAA. We find both precipitation and temperature have a significant effect on groundwater irrigation, with particular prominence in areas with lower annual precipitation on average. These effect estimates are then used to model the effects of climate change on groundwater irrigation by the end of the century. We conclude that groundwater users are more responsive in their groundwater use to changes in precipitation than to changes in temperature, and that increased groundwater demand will be particularly prominent in Texas, the states overlying the High Plains Aquifer, and in parts of the Northwestern United States.


Description: Tensions between innovation and tradition in violin making have impeded the acceptance of most attempts to improve or alter the structure of the instrument. The nineteenth century, however, saw a proliferation of innovative violins, as luthiers responded to musical developments and changing social and economic environments during the Industrial Revolution. As nineteenthcentury composers called for greater range and diversity in timbre, chromaticism, dynamics, range, and key, instruments were developed to accommodate these demands. But perhaps more important than the purely musical considerations was the interdisciplinary collaboration between musicians and scientists in the pursuit of acoustic perfection. Many luthiers viewed themselves as scientists and engineers, experimenting with acoustic properties and new materials in order to improve upon the existing form of the violin. In a reciprocal relationship, acousticians recognized musical instruments as rich recognized musical instruments as rich sources for the study of acoustic principles, and luthiers consulted with acousticians and engineers about the technical construction of experimental forms. François Chanot, Jean-Baptise Vuillaume, Félix Savart, Johann Georg Stauffer, Thomas Howell, Nicholas Sulot, and Alfred Stelzner developed innovative violins informed by science in attempts to improve the acoustics, playability, and ease of production of the instrument. This paper will examine the environment and conditions in the early-to-mid nineteenth century that impelled these makers to experiment with the traditional form of the violin. Discussing the makers' biographies and examining the technical construction of these instruments for insight into their novel construction techniques and acoustic properties, this paper relates the experimental trend to the alliance of the sciences and arts during the Industrial Revolution and briefly discusses continued innovation in the following two centuries. A study of the motivations and aims of such experimental violin makers and the technical construction of these instruments offers a look into the cultural milieu of the first decades of the nineteenth century, when technology, the arts, history, and science intersected in new ways, challenging musical traditions. Identifier: FSU_migr_etd-7393 (IID) Submitted Note: A Thesis submitted to the College of Submitted Note: A Thesis submitted to the College of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music. Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2013. Date of Defense: March 27, 2013.


This study is concerned with one-transistor inverter for fluorescent lamps operating with 200 volt a. c. source. In a preliminary investigation of blocking inverter for two FLR-40-lamps, it has been revealed that this circuit caused excessive power loss of transistor and operating instability.We propose a current feedback inverter which uses a saturable currenttransformer for base drive of switching transistor. In this type, the full bottoming of the transistor is sustained up to the beginning of prompt turn off action caused by jump to a saturation mode of the current-transformer. This action reduces the transistor loss to less than 1/5 that of the blocking inverter and ensures a stable and high efficiency lamp operation.We also tried to improve the input power factor and to reduce the radio noise of the device.


Generation and movement of vortices near wind wave surfaces are measured using Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) and Moving Least Square (MLS) method. Two dimensional flow fields near water surfaces can be measured using the PTV, and vorticity distributions can be accurately estimated with the MLS method from randomly distributed velocity vectors obtained by the PTV. To increase the sampling rate of the velocity distributions, three highspeed video cameras are used to capture images. We have successfully obtained measurement data for generation of vortices at the water surfaces. The measurement data shows that a vortex generated at a water surface separates from the surface and moves down to the bulk water. The generated vortex increases their spatial scale while being integrated with a neighboring vortex.


The article is dedicated to the research of quality improvement of root canal obturation with the use of dental operating microscope. The authors draw attention to the importance of root canal irrigation, the use of nickeltitanium instruments ProTaper and modern three-dimensional methods of sealing system BeeFill. For the quality assessment of obturation was used radiovisiographical analysis and are studied transversal teeth cuts. It was concluded that the use of an operating microscope enhances the quality of endodontic treatment.


This paper examines the use of valuation models by UK investment analysts. The study is based on, first, semi-structured interviews with 35 sell-side analysts from 10 leading investment banks and with 7 buy-side analysts from 3 asset management firms and, second, content analysis based on 98 equity research reports for FTSE-100 companies covered by the sell-side interviewees. We observe that analysts perceive the discounted cash flow (DCF) (and to some extent 'sophisticated' models in general) to have become significantly more important than prior survey evidence suggests, although we also find the (somewhat paradoxical) continued importance of 'unsophisticated' valuation multiples, notably the price/earnings ratio (PE). We find perceived limitations in the technical applicability of the DCF, which cause analysts to rely in practice upon valuation multiples and subjective judgement of whether the market price 'feels right'. We also find that contextual factors, notably the analysts' need for their research to be credible to buy-side clients, cause the use of subjective, unsophisticated methods of valuation to be played down. Given the inherent flexibility of the DCF model, coupled with its ostensible credibility, it becomes the natural vehicle for conveying the analyst's research, even though it is very rarely relied upon to determine target prices and investment recommendations. We conclude that, while the literature has focused on the technical merits of alternative valuation models, analysts' actual usage of valuation models also requires an understanding of social and economic context and motivations.


ABS>When whole plants or leaves of Graptopetalum paraguayense are exposed to high dosages of gamma radiation, small protuberances appear on the surface of leaves after some 5 to 6 weeks. Upon histological examination it appears that new, tumor-like growth centers are the cause of these protuberances, which are distributed more or less at random throughout the tissues and apparently are self-limiting in size. At maturity these tumors consist of a dead central region surrounded by several rows of small cells. This complex is usually surrounded by a region of cell enlargement which extends into the originally normal mesophyll tissue. The number of tumors per leaf reached an average maximum of about ten in two different experiments. Since they can be counted with ease in intact leaves and metastases do not occur, quantitative data can be obtained readily. It is suggested that the system described might be useful as an assay for tumor initiation by chemical as well as by physical agents. (auth)


: In order to explore the physiological adaptation mechanism of calcicole-type golden Camellia to high calcium environment and analyze the main reasons that the calcifuge-type golden


When the fault location algorithm of transmission line based on the fundamental frequency component of voltages and currents at one terminal is used to locate the faulty position in two terminal transmission line, it is impossible to overcome the influence of equivalent impedance variation of remote source on the accuracy of fault location. Using the asynchronous voltage and current at both ends, a new practical fault location algorithm for two terminal transmission lines is presented in this paper. This algorithm has the following characteristics: (1) The measurements at both terminals of the transmission line are not required to be synchronized. (2) This algorithm is simple and non iterative for the short or middle length of transmission line. (3) This method is independent of the fault type. (4)for long lines, double circuit lines as well as transposed and non transposed lines.This method is suitable. A large amount of results of transient simulation show that this algorithm has higher accuracy of fault location.


Farmer adaptation to climatic variability is explored via an analysis of corn hybrid selection in southern Ontario. Corn hybrid varieties are available for a wide range of conditions, including accumulated heat, measured as Corn Heat Units (CHUS). Hybrids with higher CHU ratings generally have higher yields, so long as there is sufficient heat for them to mature. Farmers choose their hybrid varieties prior to the growing season, in the face of uncertainty about the CHUS that will accumulate at their location. Farmers in the sample counties showed a consistent tendency to adjust their hybrid selection on the basis of the previous year's growing conditions. After the high CHU year of 1991, farmers chose significantly more longer-maturing and potentially higher-yielding, but riskier varieties. After the lower CHU years of 1992 and 1993, farmers' hybrid selections became markedly more conservative.


In their rare comments on Existentialism, contemporary British philosophers, with a few notable exceptions, frequently ridicule the use of "nothing" by such writers as Sartre and Heidegger. And when it is discovered that these writers maintain that the contemplation of nothingness gives rise to anguish, this ridicule is expressed even more strongly. What may be taken as a typical example of this tendency are Professor Ayer's remarks in his Horizon articles on Sartre. (Horizon, Vol. XII, 1945, pp. 12–26 and 101–10.) A characteristic quotation runs as follows: "In particular, Sartre's reasoning on the subject of le néant seems to me exactly on a par with that of the King in Alice through the Looking-Glass … The point is that words like 'nothing" and 'nobody" are not used as the names of something insubstantial and mysterious; they are not used to name anything at all"; (p. 18).


On the basis of embedded Markov chain and generating function,this paper analyzes discrete-time asymmetric exhausting and gated polling system.The first and second order derivative characters as well as expressions of mean queuing length and mean queuing delay have been obtained.


The possibility of constructing graded Lie algebras of higher spin fermionic generators is entertained. The super Poincare algebra of the generators belonging to the (1, 1/2)+(1/2, 1) representation of the Lorentz group is constructed. The closure of the algebra is demonstrated.


This paper proposes an adaptive perturb and observe (P&O)-fuzzy control maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for photovoltaic (PV) boost dc-dc converter. The proposed technique combines both advantages of P&O and fuzzy logic technique. P&O is known as very simple and widely used in the market and fuzzy is also simple and provides fast response. Combination of them should improve MPPT's performance especially with existing of noise. For comparative evaluation, conventional P&O and conventional fuzzy logic have been developed. All the algorithms together with PV module of Kyocera KD210GH-2PU connected to PV boost dc-dc converter were simulated in MATLAB-Simulink respectively. Performance assessment covers overshoot, time response, oscillation and stability as described further in this paper.


Chinese academies,a unique heritage of Chinese education with a history of more than one thousand years,developed sound systems and scored glorious and influential achievements.As a local source of Chinese higher education in history,the academies possess quite a few similarities with current higher education.Such similarities,transcending the limitations of time and space,offer valuable implications.