The paper discusses the prospects for the use of the Northern Sea Route as an option of the transit cargo transportation in international traffic in the conditions of the development of alternative means of communication and the global economic environment of the transport market. The reasons for the low demand for the Northern Sea Route are analyzed. The demand for transportation is predicted.


amount for any player, but especially disgraceful for a team captain." Summing up that season as "very much a microcosm of his career," Statz notes that Dahlen was "an outstanding player on the fi eld" but that "his ostensibly disinterested attitude, thoughtless escapades, poor judgment, and generally sophomoric behavior made him a less than desirable teammate." Spatz does a commendable job in recounting Dahlen's baseball career. Th at eff ort occupies almost the entire volume; little is revealed concerning Dahlen's life before or aft er Major League baseball. Th e book is generally well written, but the narrative is occasionally hard to follow. For example, there is an off hand reference to a daughter on page 54, although Dahlen's fi rst marriage and the girl's birth aren't mentioned until page 106. More typically, Spatz's narrative ranges back and forth between events in a manner that leaves the reader needing to revisit passages to clarify what was going on when. A professional editor could have remedied this, but the book lacks any sign of one. Still, this volume is well worth a look for readers who are interested in turn-of-the-(last)-century baseball in general and Bill Dahlen in particular. As to whether Spatz successfully makes his case for Dahlen's induction in Cooperstown, that question remains in the balance. "If Anson had a team full of Dahlens, his hair would turn gray in a week," wrote W. A. Phelon, the redoubtable Chicago correspondent to Sporting Life, back in the gay nineties, "but they would leave Baltimore so far behind that they could not be seen with a spyglass." Th at statement aptly summarizes both Dahlen's talent and his attitude. Whether it characterizes a player who should be in the Hall of Fame is left for the reader to decide.


We show that Marton's achievable rate region for product broadcast channels with one binary component satisfies a property called local tensorization. If a corresponding global tensorization property held for the same setting, then this would be equivalent to showing the optimality of Marton's achievable region for any two receiver broadcast channel with binary inputs.


Thank you very much for reading teaching students with language and communication disabilities. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this teaching students with language and communication disabilities, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their computer.


Green chemical approaches for the condensation reaction of benzenethiols and 3-arylidenenchroman-4-ones as synthons for the synthesis of a series of newtrans-7-aryl-6H-6a,7-dihydro[1‖benzo pyrano‖3,4-c][1,5]benzo-thiazepines which may possess potential biological activity are described.


An algorithm concerning detection of NC milling collision was introduced.Meanwhile a program was developed based on UG/OPEN technology,which could verify the validity of NC code and locate the error.


1. Bonnet, R. (2003). Growing group of extended-spectrum blactamases: the CTX-M enzymes. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, 1–14. 2. Mushtaq, S., Woodford, N., Potz, N. et al. (2003). Detection of CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum b-lactamase in the United Kingdom. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 52, 528–9. 3. Baraniak, A., Fiett, J., Hryniewicz, W. et al. (2002). Ceftazidimehydrolysing CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) in Poland. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 50, 393–6. 4. Mavroidi, A., Tzelepi, E., Miriagou, V. et al. (2002). CTX-M-3 blactamase-producing Escherichia coli from Greece. Microbial Drug Resistance 8, 35–7. 5. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2001). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests: Approved Standard M2-A7. NCCLS, Wayne, PA, USA. 6. Tzelepi, E., Magana, C., Platsouka, E. et al. (2003). Extendedspectrum b-lactamase types in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in two Greek hospitals. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 21, 285–8. 7. Jalaluddin, S., Devaster, J. M., Scheen, R. et al. (1998). Molecular epidemiological study of nosocomial Enterobacter aerogenes isolates in a Belgian hospital. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, 1846–52. 8. Olsen, J. E. (1990). An improved method for rapid isolation of plasmid DNA from wild-type gram-negative bacteria for plasmid restriction profile analysis. Letters in Applied Microbiology 10, 209–12. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkh337 Advance Access publication 1 July 2004


This paper studies utilizing the growing family of solid-state drives (SSDs) with built-in transparent compression to simplify the data structure of cache design. Such storage hardware allows the user applications to intentionally under-utilize logical storage space (i.e., sparse LBA utilization, and sparse storage block content) without sacrificing the physical storage space. Accordingly, this work proposed an index-less cache management approach to largely simplify the flash-based cache management by leveraging SSDs with built-in transparent compression. We carried out various experiments to evaluate the write amplification and read performance of the proposed cache management, and the results show that our proposed indexless cache management can achieve comparable or much better performance than the conventional policies while consuming much less host computing and memory resources.


To examine the patterns of care and outcomes for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in Australia, where there are limited reimbursed treatment options. In particular, we aim to explore prescribing patterns for first‐line systemic treatment, the practice of an initial watchful‐waiting approach, and the use of systemic treatments in elderly patients.


The discovery of Higgs particle has ushered in a new era of particle physics. Even though the list of members of the standard theory of particle physics is now complete, the shortcomings of the theory became ever more acute. It is generally considered that the best solution to the problems is an electron–positron collider that can study Higgs particle with high precision and high sensitivity; namely, a Higgs factory. Among a few candidates for Higgs factory, the International Linear Collider (ILC) is currently the most advanced in its program. In this article, we review the physics and the project status of the ILC including its energy expandability.


SUMMARY Ageing protocols for albacore tuna were revised and compared to the CAA produce in the last assessment of 2009. In prior assessments, an application of the Kimura-Chikuni method was used with quarterly mean size at age estimates and associated expected variance at size by age. These estimates are based on the deterministic growth function adopted in 2009. This document describes the application of the algorithms for ageing the 2011 catch at size matrices and compared to estimates of the 2009. RESUME


In interdisciplinary research one will always find a multiplicity of meanings, and general agreement may even not always be welcome because it may hinder further developments. Regarding the previous discussion, a diversity of opinions can be observed among some participants of the invited 'open peer commentary round-table' on one hand and some participants and myself on the other. What are the facts? Graphical plots may support the validity of a certain QSAR model. Subsequent statistical Hansch analysis supports this QS AR model. Unfortunately, it is fact that there is a certain type of multicollinearity of the data. Researchers worldwide and all participants involved in chemometrics research have. proposed in previously published papers that the Hansch model should not be applied in such a case. It is fact that all participants involved in chemometrics research have proposed in previously published papers to employ alternative models (PLS regression and related methods such as ridge regression, non-least-squares regression as a modem version of principal component regression analysis, latent root regression, etc.). It is a fact, however, that PLS and NLS regression did not support the validity of the QSAR model. The question now raised is: should this example be used to demonstrate the validity of theoretical models in medicinal chemistry and chemometrics or should it be used to discover the reasons for such 'obscure phenomena'? I have decided to investigate the reasons. Probability theory has tools to analyze such reasons; the methods may be called diagnostic statistics. Using these approaches, it followed that there is a multicollinearity without predictive model power and there is a single extra-carrier point which is not (!) an outlying observation. Also, it is a fact that sampling theory leads to the conclusion that such data cannot be used to estimate valid population parameters. I have suggested that my own data are unsuitable for subsequent treatment. The points under discussion may be categorized as follows.


Abstract A small collection of mites (Acari) phoretic on Phoridae (Insecta: Diptera) from different parts of the world (Africa, East Asia and Central America) was studied. It includes, among others, 4 new species of the genus Uroseius Berlese, 1888 (Uropodina), i.e. Uroseius (Uroseius) disneyi n. sp. ex. Dohrniphora rostrata, from Zimbabwe, U. (U.) botswanensis n. sp. ex. Dohrniphora diminuens, from Botswana, U. (U.) phoridarum n. sp. ex. Dohrniphora vorax, from Sulawesi and U. (U.) costaricensis n. sp. ex. Dohrniphora divaricata, from Costa Rica.All four new species are represented by their deutonymphal stages only.


The 250 m high Deriner arch dam in Turkey, which is presently under construction on the Coruh River in north-eastern Turkey, is discussed. The foundation excavation was completed in 2005 and the concreting of the concrete blocks is in progress. It is expected that the dam made of conventional mass concrete will be completed in 2010. It will be the highest arch dam in Turkey. With a volume of about 3.3 million m(sup-scr)3, it will also be one of the largest arch dams in the world. Details about the seismic design of the dam are discussed. The safety evaluation earthquake with an average return period of 10000 years has a peak ground acceleration of 0.35 g. It is expected that cracks will form along horizontal lift joints in the central upper portion of the dam and that the grouted contraction joints provided with shear keys will open under this earthquake. Thus, concrete blocks might displace towards the reservoir in the top portion of the dam. The expected maximum displacement and rocking motion of such blocks are investigated.


This work was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education under contract MAT2006-09062 and Consolider NanoLight.es CSD2007-0046, the EU under contract IST-51 1616 NoE PhOREMOST M.l. is a Ramon y Cajal researcher. This work used the Transmission Electronic Microscopy and the X-ray diffraction facilities at the Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), and the Scanning Electronic Microscopy facility at the Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales (CSIC).


Welcome to the Center for Puppetry Arts and Red Herring Puppets' production of The Lion, the Mouse and Other Aesop's Fables. Founded in 1978, the Center is a cherished cultural and educational resource in Atlanta. We value your patronage and are delighted that you have chosen us as a teaching resource. Your students are in for a big treat! This study guide was designed to enhance student learning before and after your visit to the Center for Puppetry Arts. The Lion, the Mouse and Other Aesop's Fables is an original adaptation of selected classic fables by Aesop presented in rhyme with music and songs inspired by the fables' ancient Greek origins. These timeless stories are simple to understand and address topics relevant to school age children such as bullying, selfishness, competition, ingenuity, and the affirmation that little beings can achieve great things. This imaginative show is told with large table top puppets and is the perfect accompaniment to a thematic unit on fables and folklore, Ancient Greece, animals, character education, storytelling, puppetry or classic children's literature. All three areas of programming at the Center for Puppetry Arts (performance, puppet-making workshops and Museum) meet Georgia Performance Standards (GPS), Georgia Quality Core Curriculum Standards (GA QCCs) and Georgia Bright From the Start Pre-K Program Standards. To access the GA Performance/QCC standards that have been correlated to each programming area according to grade level, click the links below: To access a complete list of GA Performance/ QCC Standards for all grades and subjects, please visit www.glc.k12.ga.us. Thank you for choosing the Center for Puppetry Arts for your study trip. We hope that your students' experience here will live on in their memories for many years to come.


ACCEPTANCE of helicopter operations in all of their various forms has often been conditioned by noise and this subject was addressed at a recent Royal Aeronautical Society Conference. The generation of noise, both in the helicopter itself and externally was described and measures being taken to alleviate it were outlined.


Case Report Foreign body lodged in soft tissue is common in road traffic accidents and industrial accidents. The purpose of reporting this case is to highlight that usually the foreign body is present at the site of entry but in this case it travels a short distance and get impacted in another area, which was diagnosed with the help of clinical examination and radiological investigations and that region was explored and foreign body was removed.


The wool fabrics of single warp siugle weft are rising.It must be sized.But to wet worsted yarn is diffecult. The effect of sizing is not doing well. After treating by hot water or pH4.5 acetic acid, it has a process of sizing , the significant improvement on the quality of siging could be achieved.


This study explores the character of Takezo the ronin in Musashi by Eiji Yoshikawa through the psychological perspective of aggression. This research specifically aims to (a) explore Takezo's psychology of aggression as a ronin and (b) the impact of Takezo's aggression on others. The approaches used in this research are the psychology of literacy and the psychology of aggression. The method used is qualitative; it uses data exposure and interpretation. The data source is the novel Musashi by Eiji Yoshikawa (translated version in Indonesian). The data used is in the form of text that is relevant to Takezo's psychology of aggression. The data analysis techniques are carried out in five stages, (1) identifying data related to Takezo's psychology of aggression, (2) data classification related to Takezo's psychology of aggression, (3) data presentation related to Takezo's psychology of aggression, and (4) summarizing data related to Takezo's psychology of aggression. The results showed that Takezo's aggressions are represented in the form of thoughts and behaviour. Takezo's aggressive thoughts are wanting to defeat and kill his enemies. Takezo's aggressive behaviour is killing his enemies, who are samurai. Takezo's aggressions cause the impact of physical category, and they are death and disability on the defeated samurai. Besides, in the psychological category, Takezo's aggressions cause fear and hatred in society. It is concluded that Takezo represents ronin, which desires destructive aggression that has a physical and psychological impact on others.


This article argues that modernity does not have only one meaning. Various groups of people and individuals in any society are contesting over the meanings or identities of modernity. Various groups and individuals of Chiang Mai "new rural" people grow out of the hybridization of urban industrial and service economy combined with rural agricultural economy are also contesting over the meanings or identities of modernity. By hybridizing the State's concept of modernity with their historical experiences or memories, they produce their own meanings or identities of modernity through the cultural space of Pleng Lukthung Kam Mueang or modern northern country song. It is the third identity that result from the people's historical experiences or memories. It means that while the Bangkok ruling class endeavors to construct the static or unchangeable meaning of modernity in order to control the people, the people, in turn, make the meaning fluid or ambiguous in order to free themselves from being dominated. Put it in another way the contestation of modern meanings or identities by the Chiang Mai rural people are, therefore, the anti-hegemony they produce against the hegemony produced by the Bangkok ruling class in order to destroy the dominant structure resulted from the elite's meaning of modernity. It opens the way to new complicated relations among various groups of people in modern Thai society.


The study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the psychometric properties of the Sport Motivation Scale-II in different cultural contexts and to further enrich the knowledge base by adapting and examining the properties of the newly-created Czech version of the SMS-II. This study uses the confirmatory factor analysis approach to examine the factor structure of the instrument. The data were collected from 243 adolescent athletes (50.6% females, age 14–19 years). The instrument's originally proposed six-factor structure showed acceptable fit to the data, but due to insufficient discrimination between intrinsic, integrated, and identified regulation, a four-factor model was proposed. An investi- gation of the composite reliability, average variance extracted indices, interrelations between SMS-II subscales, and relationships of the SMS-II subscales with external variables confirmed a sufficient level of reliability and construct validity of the Czech adaptation of the SMS-II in the adolescent population. more self-determined, that is to experience burnout symptoms and more likely to feel satisfied with life. Our pattern of results per-fectly reflects this assumption, because the correlations of autonomous regulations (intrinsic, integrated, and identified) were positive in satisfaction with life and negative in burnout factors, while correlations of external regulation and amotivation were the opposite. Correlations of introjected regulation to the external variables were close to zero. Our findings are supported by previous studies, which reported similar results


Simple Summary Prostate cancer is a very common neoplasm in men, with surgery being a valuable tool for its successful management. The prostate gland lies deep in the male pelvis with several sheets of fibrous membranes surrounding it along anterior, lateral, and posterior surfaces. These membranes are called fasciae. Arteries, veins, and nerve fibers that are important for erectile function and continence can be found within these fasciae. An important fascia covering the posterior surface of the prostate and separating it from the rectum is Denonvilliers' fascia. This structure is important for the confinement of cancer within the prostate and for completing an operation without damaging the nerves responsible for erectile function and continence while also removing all neoplastic tissue. This review covers the anatomical aspects of this structure, along with providing some clinical insight on how to use this knowledge to improve clinical outcomes. Abstract The fascial structure around the prostate has been a controversial issue for several decades, but its role in radical prostatectomy is crucial to achieving successful nerve-sparing surgery. One of the fasciae surrounding the prostate is Denonvilliers' fascia, forming its posterior border with the rectum and enclosing along its layers several fibers of the neurovascular bundle. This review focuses on embryological and anatomical points of Denonvilliers' fascia, aiming to provide a summary for the operating general surgeons and urologists of this area.


A competitive indirect ELISA with anti-DON McAb for detecting deoxynivalenol in wheat and corn was developed. The detection limits was 20ng/mL and the linear range of the inhibition curve was 20~460ng/mL. In the detection of the samples of wheat and corn mixed with DON(250~4000ng/g), extracted with water, the recovery rate of DON in the samples ranged from 82.1% to 96.6%, and the coefficients of variation was from 0.6% to 7.1%.


A supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution entities (suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers) that performs the functions of procurement of raw materials, transformation of raw materials into intermediate and finished products and distribution of finished products to customers. Between interconnected entities, there are two types of process flows: information flows, e.g., an order requesting goods, and material flows, i.e., the actual shipment of goods (Figure 1). Key elements to an efficient supply chain are accurate pinpointing of process flows and timing of supply needs at each entity, both of which enable entities to request items as they are needed, thereby reducing safety stock levels to free space and capital. The operational planning and direct control of the network can in principle be addressed by a variety of methods, including deterministic analytical models, stochastic analytical models, and simulation models, coupled with the desired optimization objectives and network performance measures (Beamon, 1998). The merit of model predictive control (MPC) is its applications in multivariable control in the presence of constraints. The success of MPC is due to the fact that it is perhaps the most general way of posing the control problem in the time domain. The use a finite horizon strategy allows the explicit handling of process and operational constraints by the MPC (Igor, 2008). In a recent paper (Perea et al., 2003), a MPC strategy was employed for the optimization of production/ distribution systems, including a simplified scheduling model for the manufacturing function. The suggested control strategy considers only deterministic type of demand, which reduces the need for an inventory control mechanism (Seferlis et al., 2004:Kapsiotis et al., 1992). For the purposes of our study and the time scales of interest, a discrete time difference model is developed(Tzafestas, 1997). The model is applicable to multi echelon supply chain networks of arbitrary structure. To treat process uncertainty within the deterministic supply chain network model, a MPC approach is suggested (Wang et al., 2005:Chopra et al., 2004). Typically, MPC is implemented in a centralized fashion (Wang et al., 2005). The complete system is modeled, and all the control inputs are computed in one optimization problem. In large scale applications, such as power systems, water distribution systems, traffic systems, manufacturing systems, and economic systems, such a centralized control scheme may not suitable or even possible for technical or commercial reasons (Sarimveis et al., 2008), it is useful to have distributed or decentralized control schemes, where local control inputs are computed using local measurements and reduced order models of the local dynamics. The


Treatment of forest soils with massive doses of DDT and fenitrothion did not alter population numbers or respiration of the soil microflora. Although fenitrothion disapppeared much more rapidly than DDT, no evidence was found for its use as a carbon source by the micorflora.


UNESCO advocates the concept of 'knowledge societies' which are 'about capabilities to identify, produce, disseminate and use information to build and apply knowledge for human development' (UNESCO 2005, p.191). The concept of knowledge societies as promoted by UNESCO encompasses plurality, inclusion, solidarity and participation and is based on certain principles, including freedom of expression and the universal access to information and knowledge.
But, when many of those we wish to include in knowledge societies do not have access or effective use - how do you integrate new ICTs into communities? Does effective integration mean more than simply providing training in computing and allowing people to use the internet to access information from elsewhere? If so, can they be integrated in ways that prioritise local content creation (at the community level)? Can they be used to enable people to find their voice and, importantly, to be heard?


This paper aims to review the use of miniaturized sample preparation techniques in the enantioselective analysis of drugs and metabolites in biological matrices. In this review, it was addressed papers involving solid-phase microextraction, hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction.


1. Introduction 2. Racism in Ireland 3. Nation-building and exclusion 4. Ireland and the Holocaust 5. Refugees and asylum seekers 6. The politics of Traveller exclusion 7. Legacies of anti-Traveller racism 8. Racial nation, ethnic state 9. Experiences of racism 10. Responses to racism Select bibliography


pedagogical values and goals that guided the development of an English literary canon for American public education, and the huge numbers of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe who were flooding American public schools, especially in the cities. This wave of "new immigration," as the history books put it, stimulated anxieties about American cultural and racial identity. In the years preceding and just after the Great War a flourishing American Anglo-Saxonism emphasized the danger of race suicide caused by mixing blood with those thought to be racially inferior. Such racial fear was the motive, usually implicit, behind the development of restrictive immigration


An attempt is made to review the literature concerning the relationship between population factors and economic growth. The paper is in three parts. The first part examines the effect of population growth on the economy the second considers how the economy affects population growth and the third considers the interrelationships between the two. The geographic focus is worldwide. (ANNOTATION)


Background, bcl‐2 protooncogene encodes for a 26 kD protein effective in inhibiting programmed cell death (apoptosis). Its expression has been noted in lymphomas and colonic, lung, and breast carcinomas, bcl‐2 protein is believed to play a role in the gastric carcinogenic sequence where it has been demonstrated in dysplastic epithelium. To further study the role of bcl‐2 protein in gastric carcinogenesis and tumor progression, an immunohistochemical study of bcl‐2 expression in gastric adenocarcinomas and its relation to the histologic type, grade of differentiation, pT stage, lymph node status, and survival was performed.


The New York Intellectuals refer to the group of Jewish scholars and literary critics lived in New York between 1930-50s.They inherited radical tradition of American Left-wing intellectuals,and abandoned Bolshevism amongst the Old Leftist.On the basis of dialectical relations of literary (imagination) to social reality,they studied the Western literary modernism and American native literature,thus impelled characteristically American tradition in social-cultural criticisms.


The article examines the scientific and educational possibilities of the iSybislaw information-retrieval system (infpr ma cyjny System bibliografii slawistycznej). The national module within the joint scientific project framework of the Institute of Ukrainian Language of the NAS in Ukraine and the Polish Academy of Sciences "Online bibliography of modern world Slavic linguistics" is created by Ukrainian linguists. The base is considered as a source of information on language and linguistics; the components of the Ukrainian system module are analyzed: source texts, their bibliographic descriptions and key word dictionary for source and information search. The function of key words is performed by terms of Slavic linguistics and names that have a high frequency of documents in the database. The use of the information-retrieval system for performing linguistic tasks is illustrated. A pilot study was conducted in a group of undergraduate students of the specialty "Applied Linguistics" – according to the notes in iSybislaw selection of terms-paronyms, substantiation of feasibility of their use. Analyzing oppositions of paronyms helps to organize them into equivalence classes in the language of iSybislaw key words, and to create, with their participation, such searchable documents in a database that would meet the


Greentree has steadily grown over the past decade to become a significant ERP product that is now increasingly finding acceptance in larger and more diverse organisations. Author Richard Jones has worked with the Greentree product since its inception and provides an indepth guide to how the products is installed and operates. This book takes the reader on a journey of discovery across the basics of the system in a business orientated manner that is easy to follow and understand. Greentree Fundamentals will provide a solid foundation for consultants, administrators and anyone wanting to learn more about Greentree.


This work describes and discusses sources of noncondensible gases (NCG) in modern kraft pulp mills and modern NCG collection from process units where odor emissions can occur if these gases are released to the surroundings. A mill-wide overview of NCG sources and collection in modern pulp mills is provided. Using modern practices, malodorous gases can be collected to the extent that a pulp mill is essentially odor free. The key to limiting complaint-causing odors is prevention of these emissions during process disturbances, equipment malfunctions, operator errors, and other unforeseen occurrences.


Abstract : The analysis techniques which fit the normal, ln normal and Weibull distributions to the data are summarized and the computer programs are presented. Individual test results are listed and the results of the analysis of distributions are shown in histograms overscribed with the frequency distribution curves.


The personalized vision of social structures that characterizes the societal picture of everyday Russian speech largely foregoes any attempt to evaluate the empirical relevance of these moralizing categories. "Power" refers not only to the occupants of certain positions within the ruling apparatus, but also to the form of authority itself. "Intelligentsia" means not just a social class, but an avant garde that distinguishes itself from the people in terms of its sense of mission. The "people" are not merely the rump of those excluded from the privileged levels, but also the community of persons, bound by fate, whose identity stems from their relationship to the power through their submission, their exploitation, their lack of rights. As crystallizations of social identities and political group formations, these myths are indeed a part of the empirical social structure. In their content and in their form (as myths), they are ideology, not merely products of false consciousness, but also expressions, and thus


Abstract Aim The complex genome of a Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus) cultivar named 'Okute-Sakurajima' with an extremely large edible round root was analysed to explore its genomic characteristics. Methods and Results Single-molecule real-time technology was used to obtain long sequence reads to cover 60× of the genome. De novo assembly generated 504.5 Mb contigs consisting of 1,437 sequences with the N50 value of 1.2 Mb and included 94.1% of the core eukaryotic genes. Nine pseudomolecules, comprising 69.3% of the assembled contigs, were generated along with a high-density SNP genetic map. The sequence data thus established revealed the presence of structural variations and rearrangements in the Brassicaceae genomes. Conclusion and perspective A total of 89,915 genes were identified in the 'Okute-Sakurajima' genome, 30,033 of which were newly found in this study. The genome information reported here will not only contribute to the establishment of a new resource for the radish genomics but also provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying formation of the giant root.


Ex nihilo nihil fi t. From nothing comes nothing. That would seem to be the collective wisdom of the ancients, whether Babylonian, Greek, or Hebrew. Thus, the creation accounts found in various ancient Mesopotamian texts are always from something. It is likewise the view of the pre-Socratic philosopher Parmenides, who believes nothingness or non-being makes no sense and so one cannot even say "it is or it is not." On his account, one can only say "it is or . . . ," since nothing makes no sense. It is not. It is no thing. Indeed, even that great songwriting team Rogers and Hammerstein reminds us that "nothing comes from nothing, nothing ever could." And yet this is not the orthodox Christian version of creation, despite what some consider to be biblical evidence in favor of it. Early Christian theologians generally were in favor of the "from something" account and probably would have considered the "from nothing" account to be simply nonsense. Of course, as one might guess, things are somewhat more complicated than this. But one thing is sure. The German theologian Gerhard May is certainly right when he states: "church theology wants through the proposition creatio ex nihilo to express and safeguard the omnipotence and freedom of God acting in history" (May 1994, 180). At issue, then, are power and freedom. The God who can create ex nihilo is simply more powerful and free than the God who merely creates from that which already exists. How we interpret the fi rst few verses of the book of Genesis depends very much upon what kind of God we think is being depicted here. A truly powerful God has no need of existent matter.


A close correlation exists between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and UV absorbance at 254 nm (A254) in natural waters. DOC and A254 were measured for soil solutions, throughfall, stemflow, and surface waters collected from a forested site located in eastern Austria. The slopes of lines determined by linear regression of DOC versus UV absorbance were very similar to those determined for wet deposition and throughfall samples collected in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany by Bartels (1988). The intercept of the regression line in the current study indicates that approximately 1 mg L1 of non-UV-absorbing DOC is present; it is suggested that this is due to saturated aliphatic compounds such as acetate or formate.


Objective To investigate the expression of PTEN-protein and LGI1-protein in cerebral cortical of cerebral ischemia injury.Methods Immunohistochemistry(S-P Method) was used to detect the expression of PTEN-protein and LGI1-protein in cerebral tissues of different cerebral ischemia injury time.Results The expression of PTEN-protein and LGI1-protein in cerebral tissues in healthy team was significantly different,compared to the cerebral ischemia injury team.Conclusion The expression of PTEN-protein and LGI1-protein in cerebral tissues of cerebral ischemia injury is higher than that of healthy tissue and the longer the ischemia injury time the higher the expression of PTEN-protein and LGI1-protein.


Ulrich Beck's The Metamorphosis of the World is a comprehensive theorization of the world we live in today. It is the embodiment of a selection of his most influential works intertwined and matured as Beck refined his thoughts and ideas throughout his academic career. Beck (1944–2015) sets out to explore and answer the globally incessant question of what world we live in, or more specifically, "what is the meaning of the global events unfolding before our eyes on the television?" (p. 3). He does this not only for the benefit of the reader, but for his own understanding and analysis. Beck highlights the lack of theorization of explicating the current state of the world, as a result of climate change, and seeks to rectify the situation by providing an exhaustive account of examples to show how the process the world is currently embarking on, "metamorphosis," is taking place, before identifying how the acceptance instead of resistance of such change could lead to a greater, cooperative Earth.


The present article explores the textual representation of the mother in Souvenirs Pieux, first volume of Marguerite Yourcenar's autobiographical trilogie Le Labyrinthe du monde. The study sets out to discover the nature of the textual relationship created by an author who never knew her own mother and to establish what the author thus reveals about herself. This analysis also considers different interpretations of the portrait of the mother figure in order to establish its importance in Yourcenar's writing.


In this paper the existing aerodynamic parameter models for airships are compared and investigated. Generally the aerodynamic parameter models come into two categories and the difference between the two categories is significant. One aerodynamic parameter model is mostly adopted by American scholars while the other model is mostly focused by airship researchers from Russia. However, both of the two models have some unreasonable aspects. For example, the model that mostly adopted by American scholars, is constructed based on the research results which was given by Munk. Though the results given by Munk is correct, the construction of this model does not totally harmonize with the results. On the other hand, the core idea for the other model is that, viscous and non-viscous aerodynamic parts constitute the aerodynamic of airships. Nonviscous aerodynamic part is given by Lamb's research results, and the viscous aerodynamic part can be obtained by the detailed experiment data. Particularly, the non-viscous and the viscous parts can overlap. In this point, the model that focused by Russian researchers can be improved if the overlapped part can be revealed further. Hence this paper proposes a novel aerodynamic parameter model for airships based on the Russian model by further investigating how the non-viscous and viscous aerodynamic parts overlap.


Modern energy technologies can provide a new way to energy supply. There is no need to be dependent on central power plants. Everybody can install his/her own renewable energy system and start producing energy. Consumers become producers and send excess energy to the electrical grid. A whole electrical grid becomes more reliable and efficient. However, the energy exchange process requires the third party that can regulate the process. Currently, they are utilities. In addition, they are not providing the best conditions for regulating the energy process. Moreover, customers stay dependent from them and cannot use all the potential of renewable energy sources. In this paper, we have proposed a blockchain based decentralized system for energy regulations and exchange. This system aims at avoiding the issues with dependency on central authorities, improving the efficiency of renewable sources. In addition, important questions are privacy and security. Because this system is classified as a Cyber-Physical system, other types of issues arise.


Given the increasing stress on the world's oceans and coastal resources from population growth, climate change, and other factors, it is vital to grow capacity—the people, the institutions, and technology and tools—needed to manage ocean resources. Many initiatives focus on specific projects rather than on growing capacity as a goal unto itself, resulting in activities that are not funded or sustained past the typically short project lifetime. The most successful capacity-building efforts are based on periodic needs assessments and include plans to maintain and expand capacity over the long term.


Community Health Workers (CHWs) constitute a fundamental component of health systems in the developing world. Still, they are typically volunteers. This paper follows all the CHWs in the capital city of Guinea-Bissau and tests the impact of different types of nonfinancial incentives on CHW performance and household health. Specifically, we conducted a randomized field experiment around two main sources of incentives: (i) an honorific award for good performance aimed at raising the social status of CHWs; (ii) a video treatment centered on the task significance of CHWs targeting an increase in their intrinsic motivation. We also test variations of the video, the role of household awareness about the CHWs, and complementarity between the treatments. We employ administrative data on CHWs, as well as CHW and household survey data to measure outcomes. We find that the social status intervention improves CHW performance in terms of CHW learning about health practices with an impact on household health, in particular of children under 5 years old. Effects of the task significance video are weaker, like those of other treatments and interactions. The main implication is that inexpensive status awards can improve the performance of health workers. JEL codes: O12, D91, I15.


This paper expounds the citation of the grammatical terms("语法")by scholars in Nansong(南宋)Dynasty and the production of their grammatical view points,and discusses again the effect on the development of ancient Chinese grammar by Sanskrit Gammay.


A new principle of all-optical switching devices based on the excited-state nonlinear absorption working at non-resonant frequency with small linear absorption are proposed. The theory and experimental studies using C60 material are presented in this paper.


Approaches toward ordinal speech emotion recognition (SER) tasks are commonly based on the categorical classification algorithms, where the rank-order emotions are arbitrarily treated as independent categories. To employ the ordinal information between emotional ranks, we propose to model the ordinal SER tasks under a COnsistent RAnk Logits (CORAL) based deep learning framework. Specifically, a multi-class ordinal SER task is transformed into a series of binary SER sub-tasks predicting whether an utterance's emotion is larger than a rank. All the sub-tasks are jointly solved by one single network with a mislabelling cost defined as the the sum of the individual cross-entropy loss for each sub-task. Having the VGGish as our basic network structure, via minimizing above CORAL based cost, a VGGish-CORAL network is implemented in this contribution. Experimental results on a real-world call center dataset and the widely used IEMOCAP corpus demonstrate the effectiveness of VGGish-CORAL compared to the categorical VGGish.


In this paper, stress-induced traps in ultra-thin oxide were studied using DTPDO technique. It's observed that three obvious spectrum peaks coexist in the proportional differential spectroscopy of direct tunneling gate current. This means three kinds of traps were generated during the degradation of ultra-thin oxide. It's shown that the saturation density increases with stress voltage and temperature for the three defects. It's also shown that the defect generation time constant was related to the experimental temperature, stress voltage and the failure time of oxide.


The ideal three-dimensional teaching goals,based on students'true existence of life,can be pursued by constructing classroom aesthetic culture.The freedom and harmony fall into three categories:1) students'individual freedom characteristic of wisdom;2) interactive freedom of dialogue between teachers and students;3) students'individualistic freedom,a harmony between retrospection and self-image and a real mental pleasure.Therefore,the three dimensions and purports of wisdom,dialogue,and pleasure are implied in the classroom aesthetic culture.


Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) and their composites are promising electromagnetic wave absorbers for their strong dielectric polarization and tunable conductivity. However, further investigation is needed to understand the relationship between diameter, composition, and absorption performance. Herein, using the Trojan catalyst strategy in which the catalyst emerged in-situ from a solid solution, the diameter of NCNTs and the composition of the absorber composite were regulated to achieve an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.4 GHz at 1.6 mm. This study showed that the diameter of NCNTs plays a critical role in the formation of conductive network, and an insulating phase can act as a modulator of impedance.


Currently, the technology of the multi-operating system co-development has been widely used, which shows great advantages in simplifying technical requirements and reducing costs. A Unity platform is the platform that is able to support 28 platform games and be published on the multiple platforms during compiling at one time. Aiming at the duplication problem of the workloads in the multiple operating system, by considering the traditional research method of the MVC model-based software and the research technology of the Unity3D platform software, this paper proposes system detection and system adaptation algorithms, for researching on the technology of the multiple operating systems. By means of detecting the current system, the description field of this system can be obtained by the system detection algorithm. Based on the system description field, the specific module at compile time is adopted by the system adaptation algorithm, which can solve the differences in the implementation of the different operating system functions. This paper combines with a specific development project case, describes the algorithm implementation method, explains the technical difficulties of our algorithm in practice paper, enabled it to be successfully released on both Windows and Android platforms, and finally verifies the feasibility of the technology.


Transformational creativity requires a change of the search space. As such, Evolutionary Computation (EC) approaches are incapable of transformational creativity. In this paper, we discuss how canonical EC techniques can be extended in order to yield the potential of transformational creativity. We present a formalized description of how this can be attained, and the experimental results achieved with a metaevolutionary scheme.


In 1993, 1,211 randomly chosen cardiologists, internists, and family practitioners in New York and Texas were surveyed about their knowledge of


The Southern Research/Southern Company 1 MWth Pilot-Scale Coal-Fired Test Facility was successfully retrofit to fire in either the traditional air-fired mode or with 100% oxygen and recycled flue gas, with a fully integrated feedback and control system, including oxygen and recycled flue gas modulation during startup, transfer, and shutdown, safety and operational interlocks, and data acquisition. A MAXON Staged Oxygen Burner for Oxy-Coal Applications produced a stable flame over a significant range of firing turn-down, staging, and while firing five different U.S. coal types. The MAXON burner design produces lower flame temperatures than for air firing, which will enable (A) Safe operation, (B) Reduction of recycle flow without concern about furnace flame temperatures, and (C) May likely be affective at reducing slagging and fouling in the boiler and super heater at full-scale Power Plants. A CFD model of the Oxy-fired Combustion Research Facility (OCRF) was used to predict the flame geometry and temperatures in the OCRF and make a comparison with the air-fired case. The model predictions were consistent with the experimental data in showing that the MAXON burner fired with oxygen produced lower flame temperatures than the air-fired burner while firing with air.


DNA extraction frequently requires destruction of whole samples. However, when the sample is very rare or has taxonomic importance, nondestructive DNA extraction is required for preservation of voucher specimens. In the case of arthropod specimens, minor anatomical structures such as a single leg or a single wing are often sacrificed instead of the whole body for DNA extraction. In an attempt to save the entire anatomical structure of specimens, several authors tried to brew the whole specimen in a lysis buffer and to extract DNA from the "soup." We applied this nondestructive DNA extraction technique to a forensically important blowfly species, Phaenicia sericata. With nondestructive DNA extraction, a satisfactory quantity and quality of DNA for PCR amplification was obtained with only minimal anatomical disruptions that do not alter the morphologic identification. This nondestructive method may be applicable to DNA extraction of rare samples as well as vouchering of regular fly samples.


The object US 3215 is an optically variable galaxy with very broad Balmer lines, relatively strong forbidden lines and a weak UV-excess continuum. It has been classed as a Seyfert 1 galaxy. We report that optical CCD images taken in excellent seeing reveal a central mini-quasar in an elliptical galaxy with a de Vaucouleurs profile extending across an angular diameter of ∼ 13 arcsec. This corresponds to a linear size of almost 50 kpc (Ho = 50 km /sec/Mpc). Our data indicate that the host galaxy is of type gE2 and is the gravitational center of a cluster of galaxies. A companion galaxy is observed at a projected distance of 24 kpc. H and K magnitudes were obtained and the index H - K is consistent with quasar colors. A VLA snapshot at 1425 MHz gives an upper limit to radio emission at a flux level of 0.2 mJy beam -1 that is consistent with the Sy 1 designation. Thus US 3215 appears to be an active broad-line cluster gE2 galaxy.


In the context of virtual learning environments, it is difficult to find proposals addressing both problems at the same time, user modeling and adaptation processes based on learning styles. In particular, for the teachers, these processes require huge amounts of time and effort in the course construction, which most of the times is not recognized by the educational institutions. The main issue discussed in this paper is the creation of a dynamic user model based on learning styles (LS) to enrich and to support the automatic generation of an adaptive IMS learning design (LD) in order to reduce the amount of time and efforts for teachers providing learners with personalized learning experiences.


We investigate optical plane rotation and ellipticity at light reflection from a nonlinear optical dielectric film on a bigyrotropic magneto-electric slab. We have analyzed the optical nonlinearity and the magneto-electric coupling contributions to the ellipsometric parameters for both s- and p-polarized light at the incidence angles close to pseudo-Brewster angles.


The mixed ligand complexes of the type [ML1L2]Cl2 .Where L1=Pyruvic acid thiosemicarbazone L2= Benz aldehyde semicarbazone. These complexes have been synthesized, by the reactions of metal chlorides with two different semicarbazones in 1:1:1 molar ratios. The resulting products have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, magnetic measurement, IR and Electronic spectra, conductivity measurement, thermal analysis, antimicrobial activities. The metal complexes show ratio 1:1:1 with metal, ligandL1 and ligand L2.The ligands are bonded through oxygen and nitrogen to metal ion. KEYWORDS-: Mixed ligand complexes, semicarbazone, thiosemicarbazone, pyruvic acid, benzaldehyde, thermal analysis, antimicrobial analysis. I.INTRODUCTION The coordination compounds have been widely used in catalysis and as potential drugs in biological fields [1,2]. Thiosemicarbazones are highly reactive compounds which form chelate complexes with metal ions. There are many complexes with Sulphur and nitrogen as donor atoms [3]. Thiosemicarbazones possess beneficial biological activities. The biological activities of thiosemicarbazones are due to their ability to coordinate to metal centers in enzymes. Some pharmaceutically promising thiosemicarbazone derivatives have additional functional groups which are not coordinated to their "primary "metal ion. Thus biological activity is also dependent on the non-coordinating groups. Thiosemicarbazones have variable biological activities and prospective use as drugs [4] and therefore, thiosemicarbazones and their metal complexes have been explored for 50years [5,6]. Thiosemicarbazones and their metal complexes have been studied widely for their variety of biological properties such as anticancer, antitumor, antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anti-HIV activities .[7-14]. II.OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT WORK There has been considerable interest in the studies of semicarbazone due to their coordination modes when bound to metals .The wide applications and structural diversity of metal complexes of semicarbazone and thiosemicarbazone encouraged us to synthesize the tridentate ONO-donor semicarbazone and ONS-donor thiosemicarbazone ligands and their metal complexes. Metal complexes of pyruvic acid semicarbazone, semicarbazone of acetone, acetophenone, Benzaldehyde, cyclohexane, O-hydroxyacetophanone and their derivatives as ligands with transition metal as (ML2) complexes have been already reported in early days. ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (A High Impact Factor, Monthly Peer Reviewed Journal) Vol. 5, Issue 1, January 2016 Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0501043 339 Due to good chelating ability, the present work is mainly concerned on the studies of two novel semicarbazone, pyruvic acid thiosemicarbazone [L1] and Benz aldehyde semicarbazone,[L2]. The compositions of these semicarbazones were determined by the CHN and S analyses. For the characterization of these compounds we have used IR and UV spectral studies. We have synthesized 3d transition metal complexes of Cr (III),Mn (II),Fe(III),Co(II),Ni(II) and Cu(II) with pyruvic acid thiosemicarbazone[L1] and Benz aldehyde semicarbazone,[L2] in the ratio 1:1:1. III.MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds pyruvic acid, benzaldehyde and semicarbazide hydrochloride and chlorides of Fe(III)used were of E MEARK ,BDH analytical grade. The amount of metal is determined Complex metrically by EDTA suitable indicator metal ions. Carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen analysis were carried from SAIF, Mumbai. Specific conductance were measured at room temperature in DMF by a Systronics direct reading 304 conductivity meter using a glass conductivity cell having a cell constant.IR spectra were taken on JASCO 6600 FTIR SPECTROPHOTOMETER and JASCO 670 -UV SPECTROPHOTOMETER from Central Research Laboratory, Pratap College, Amalner. . Thermo gravimetric analysis were performed on STA 6000 from Department of Physics, Pratap College, Amalner. Microbial activities were carried out from PG Department of Microbiology, Pratap College, Amalner. Synthesis of Ligands : Ligands L1 and L2were prepared. The methods of their preparation are given below. Ligand: L1 PYRUVIC ACID THIOSEMICARBAZONE (PYTSC): One mmole of pyruvic acid was added drop wise to the 20ml. methanolic solution of thiosemicarbazide (1mmole) with constant stirring. The reaction mixture was heated with reflux condenser for four hours. Then the reaction mixture is cooled to ambient temperature in a crushed ice. A light brown crystalline solid was formed. The product is filtered, washed and recrystallized from methanol, dried and melting point was recorded. 3. BENZALDEHYDE SEMICARBAZONE (BZSC): Dissolved 2 gm. of semicarbazide of hydrochloride &3 gm. of crystallized sodium acetate in about in about 25-30ml distilled water hard glass test tube to this solution add 1ml of Benz aldehyde and shake well .If the mixture is turbid then add 1:1 ethyl alcohol until a clear solution is obtained. Than heat this reaction mixture in water bath for 10 minutes. Then cool this solution & transfer into a beaker containing crashed ice. White crystals of the semicarbazone derivative are separate out from the solution. Filter the crystals & recrystallized from ethyl alcohol,dry and then melting point and yield is recorded . ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (A High Impact Factor, Monthly Peer Reviewed Journal) Vol. 5, Issue 1, January 2016 Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0501043 340 Reaction: The physical properties of ligands Table I Name of the ligand Color and nature Method purification. M.P. 0 c (observed)reported Mol. wt Molecular formula Pyruvic acid semicarbazone White shining crystals Recrystallization fromwater 186 (186) 161 C4H7N3O2S Benzaldehyde semicarbazone White shining crystals Recrystallization from ethanol 222 (221) 163 C8H9N3O Both the ligands synthesized are white crystalline solids Synthesis Of complexes 1) Preparation of M (L1)2 and M (L2)2 complexes: Aqueous 25ml(0.01M) solution of metal chloride were mixed slowly with hot aquous25 ml(0.02M)solution of the Pyruvic thiosemicarbazone (L1)with constant stirring. The reaction mixture is heated in water bath for three hour. Then the reaction was stirred for further one hour after which colored Solid product was obtained, which was then washed with ethanol and dried in air. Similarly,the complexes of metals were prepared by mixing solution of corresponding metal chlorides and semicarbazone ligand (L2) in 1:2 molar ratio respectively. 2) Preparation of mixed ligand complexes the type ML1L2: To a 20ml ( 0.02M) methanolic solution of chromium chloride , a mixture of 20ml (0.02M) methanolic solution of Pyruvic thiosemicarbazone and 20ml (0.02M) methanolic solution of benz aldehyde semicarbazone were added slowly with constant stirring. This reaction mixture is refluxed in water bath for 3 to 4 hours on a heating mental at about 60-70 0 C. The colored complex separates out from solution on cooling filter. Then product was filtered, wash with methanol dry and record the yield of the complex. By using similar procedure other complexes were prepared by mixing aqueous solution of metal chloride with pyruvic thiosemicarbazone and Benz aldehyde semicarbazone in the ratio 1:1:1. IV.RESULT AND DISCUSSION The reactions of metal chlorides with pyruvic acid thiosemicarbazone and benzaldehyde semicarbazone in the 1:1:1 molar ratio results in the formation mixed ligand complexes. The TLC of the mixed ligand complexes exhibit single spots with Rf values being intermediate of the two corresponding symmetrical bis-complexes indicating that these are mixed ligand ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (A High Impact Factor, Monthly Peer Reviewed Journal) Vol. 5, Issue 1, January 2016 Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0501043 341 complexes rather than a mixture of two corresponding bis-complexes. From the magnetic moments these complexes shows octahedral geometry. The resulting complexes were having different colors as given in the table II. Table II: Characterization data of the complexes Sr. No . Ligand/ Complex Color Mole. Wt. %Yield ofthe comp. %of metal (Calculated ) %of C % of H % of N % of S 1 Cr[(PATSC)1(BZSC)1 (H2O)1]Cl3 Green 500.49 61 10.27 (10.38) 28.77 3.59 16.78 6.39 2 Mn[(PASC)1(BZSC)1( H2O)1]Cl2 Yellow 502.35 67 11.59 (11.75) 30.77 3.84 17.95 6.83 3 Fe[(PATSC)1(BZSC)1 (H2O)1]Cl3 Gray 488.35 62 11.24 (11.07) 28.55 3.56 16.65 6.52 4 Co[(PATSC)1(BZSC)1 (H2O)1]Cl2 brown 480.35 74 11.98 (12.46) 30.52 3.87 17.80 6.78 5 Ni[(PATSC)1(ZSC)1] Cl2 Blue 486.35 70 12.12 (12.40) 30.51 3.86 17.79 6.78 6 Cu[(PATSC)1(BBZSC )1]Cl2 Green 500.35 63 8.64 (8.81) 30.25 3.74) 17.62 6.71 All the complexes are insoluble in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methanol, ethanol but soluble in DMF. The TLC of the mixed ligand complexes exhibit single spots with Rf values being intermediate of the two corresponding symmetrical bis-complexes indicating that these are mixed ligand complexes rather than a mixture of two corresponding bis-complexes. IR spectra Table III IR spectra of the mixed ligand transition metal complexes Sr.N o. Name of the Complex ν(OH) from H2O νCOOH ν(C=O) ν(C=N) ν(C-O) ν(N-N) ν(C=S ) 1 Cr[(PATSC)1(BZSC)1 (H2O)1]Cl3 3166 2356 1649 1557 1241 1136 756 2 Mn[(PASC)1(BZSC)1 (H2O)1]Cl2 3257 2358 1699 1506 1221 1112 689 3 Fe[(PATSC)1(BZSC)1 (H2O)1]Cl3 2924 2362 174


The article, and the subsequent symposium, 2 demonstrates an in-depth comprehension of an area of Indian law, namely the roots and checkered development of tribal sovereignty in the modern era. Professor Singe! artfully and convincingly demonstrates that (modern) tribal sovereignty has not developed in a consistent linear manner, but rather in an "ad hoc and deeply contextualized process of forming Indian law [that] constrains our modern understanding of tribal sovereignty." This piecemeal approach, according to Professor Singe!, is fundamentally retrospective, largely judge made, and unmoored to the Constitution. The resulting Supreme Court caselaw weaves between two lines of cases that either uphold tribal self-governance or deemphasize it in favor of plenary power and accommodation to (modern) non-Indian interests. 4 The key insight developed from this keen analysis is that modern tribal sovereignty doctrine has separated tribal sovereignty from indigenous


It has been suggested that the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised (WISC—R) may usefully be interpreted in terms of a Simultaneous-Successive factor structure. A previous attempt to validate this hypothesis via factor analysis of 8 of the 12 WISC—R subtests was later shown to be an unreliable test of this model. The present study, performed upon 36 children, aged 6½ to 12½ yr., 45% female, 83% black, tested the validity of the two-factor model vis-á-vis the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), which is reported to have an unambiguous Simultaneous-Sequential (Successive) factor structure. Present results do not support a salient Simultaneous-Successive structure for the WISC—R, and clinicians should be wary of using the proposed two-factor model of the WISC—R for diagnostic or remedial purposes.


Image compression is an essential technology for encoding and improving various forms of images in the digital era. The inventors have extended the principle of deep learning to the different states of neural networks as one of the most exciting machine learning methods to show that it is the most versatile way to analyze, classify, and compress images. Many neural networks are required for image compressions, such as deep neural networks, artificial neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and convolution neural networks. Therefore, this review paper discussed how to apply the rule of deep learning to various neural networks to obtain better compression in the image with high accuracy and minimize loss and superior visibility of the image. Therefore, deep learning and its application to different types of images in a justified manner with distinct analysis to obtain these things need deep learning.


The number of frail elderly people increases with the increase of life expectancy. The disorders of balance and movement are among the most frequent in this population. In order to evaluate these deteriorations of balance and movement, two frail elderly populations were studied through four experiments. The 1st study found a decline of the planning of the movement in elderly people suffering from Alzheimer disease while its execution was preserved. The 2nd study showed a deterioration of static balance in elderly people suffering from Alzheimer disease in the situation of dual task while this balance was not influenced by the cognitive task in non-demented elderly people. The 3rd study showed a posterior tilt of postural vertical in elderly people suffering from psychomotor disadaptation syndrome. Finally, the last study showed the benefit of a pluridisciplinary (medical psychological and motor) management of elderly people suffering from psychomotor disadaptation syndrome.


DR. ALEXIS CARREL lhas communicated to the Academie de M&decinel the results of experiments and observations made by MAT. Dakin, Daufresne, DIehelly, Dumas, and himself, at the Rockefeller Laboratory and Temporary Hospital 2! at Comnpiegne, oni the use of the llvpoclhlorito solution devised by Dr. Dakin. Dr. Carrel began by quoting Professor Tuffier's statenment that of i,ooo amputatiolns at Maison-Blanche, the operations had to be done in about 8oo, lnot on account of the gravity of the wound, but owing to complicating infection. He complained that no new doctrine had been formulated to replace that held at the beginning of the war, though at a very early stage it had been proved to be


The catalytic reactivity of maleic anhydride (MA), succinic anhydride (SA) and their dimethyl esters (dimethyl maleate and dimethyl succinate) in the vapour phase hydrogenation to {gamma}-butyrolacetone (GBL) was investigated. In order to obtain general data, both a multicomponent catalyst (CAT 1: Cu/Zn/Mg/Cr = 40:5:5:50, atomic ratio %), obtained by reduction of a nonstoichiometric spinel-type precursor, and a commercial catalyst (CAT 2: Cu/Mn/Ba/Cr = 44:8:1:47, atomic ratio %) were used. The MA/GBL solution exhibited the highest GBL production, while the SA/GBL solution was converted only partially due to a competitive adsorption of GBL on the active sites, as evidenced by the similar reactivities observed with pure anhydrides. The best carbon balances were observed with the esters, probably the result of lowest light hydrocarbon synthesis and tar formation. With all the feedstocks, the activity of CAT 2 is higher than that of CAT 1, which, however, gives the best yield in GBL due its lower activity in the overhydrogenation and hydrogenolysis reaction. It was found that n-butanol (BuOH) and butyric acid (BuA) derived mainly from GBL. On this basis, the reactivities of the main products observed were investigated separately, confirming the stability of tetrahydrofuran (THF), which reacted only at high temperature withmore » low conversions to ethanol. On the other hand, GBL gave rise to overhydrogenation and/or hydrogenolysis, with high conversion (mainly with CAT 2), confirming its key role in both reactions. Furthermore, the formation in the catalytic tests with BuA and BuOH of n-butanal, notwithstanding the high H{sub 2}/organic ratio, implies that it is the main intermediate in the hydrogenolysis reactions. A new reaction scheme is proposed, pointing out the key role of GBL as the {open_quotes}intersection{close_quotes} of two possible reaction pathways, giving rise to THF or overhydrogenation and hydrogenolysis products, respectively. 44 refs., 4 figs., 6 tabs.« less


The main causes resulting in the nurse-patient disputes were summarized and analyzed from the angle of nursing staff and we put forward some coutermeasures and methods to prevent the disputes.


The analysis of an immigrant coming from the same politically complex and paradoxical country as the analyst offers an opportunity for deep personal reckoning, achieved in no small part through the inevitable collision of subjectivities and the many painful moments stirred by the past hurtling its way unbidden into the present. As we struggled together, previously sequestered parts of our respective selves were offered life anew. As the dialectic between doubt and certainty played out between and within each member of this analytic dyad, there was a dismantling of powerful prejudicial positions that became reintegrated with a deeper sense of fear and shame that had contributed to their original disavowal. Again we see how locating oneself within the other is essential to our work as contemporary analysts as we confront our countertransferential responses and inevitable blind spots.


This paper discusses research into the facilitation of academic writing for first year dance students using images, emails and the forum of a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). Taking place over several weeks in the early part of the academic year and within a core module entitled Personal and Professional Development in the single honours Dance Practice and Performance degree, students were asked to contribute to a series of formative tasks implemented through the University of Wolverhampton 's VLE entitled 'Wolverhampton Online Learning Framework' (WOLF). Employing an Action Research methodology and working with both Academic Literacies theorising and research into VLEs in literacy learning, early results indicate that writing in a less formal collaborative space provides an important preliminary setting for introducing formal academic writing.


Citation: Mitchell S, Holmes MJV, Turner N (2018) Middle Ear Pressure Changes Over Time in Children with Down Syndrome. J Otolaryngol Rhinol 4:043. doi.org/10.23937/2572-4193.1510043 Accepted: June 06, 2018: Published: June 08, 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Mitchell S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Journal of Otolaryngology and Rhinology


Objective To establish the profile of erectile dysfunction in different age groups, and analysis the effect of sildenafil based on age stratification. Subjects and Methods From 2007 to 2008, a total of 4,507 men diagnosed with erectile dysfunction (ED) were enrolled from 46 centers in China; 4,039 of these patients were treated with sildenafil and asked to complete the Erectile Function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function, Erection Hardness Score, and Quality of Erection Questionnaire. The patients were divided into 5 groups on the basis of their age [group A: 20-30 years (yrs); group B: 31-40 yrs; group C: 41-50 yrs; group D: 51-60 yrs; and group E: >60 yrs]. Results The patients with ED over 30 yrs old, with the increase of age, both scores of IIEF-EF and EHS tended to decrease. Decrease of erectile function and erectile hardness scores were statistically significant between the patients aged over and below 50 yrs, and the conditions were even worse in the patients over 60 yrs. After comparing pre and post treatment IIEF-EF questionnaires, EHS, and IIEF Q13 ("How satisfied have you been with your overall sex life?"), we discovered that the aging males had worse erectile function, erection hardness, and sexual satisfaction than the younger males (P<0.001). After treatment, the improvement rates in the IIEF-EF, EHS, and IIEF Q13 scores were 107.0%, 83.1%, and 116.5%, respectively. The magnitude of these changes demonstrated significant differences among groups (P<0.001). Accordingly, aging males (>50 years) are likely to benefit more from medical treatment. Conclusions Our data suggested that for men below 50 yrs old, prevention and treatment of ED were essential; while for those over 50 yrs old, the treatment of ED and the prevention of its comorbidities were highly recommended. The aging males should be informed that age is not a limiting factor for medical ED management, and it is never too late to treat.


Purpose: With intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), the physician can prescribe, design and deliver optimized treatment plans that target the tumor and spare adjacent critical structures. The increased conformity of such plans often comes at the expenses of adding significant complexity to the delivery of the treatment. With volumetrically modulated arc therapy (VMAT), in addition to the modulation of the intensity of the radiation beam, other mechanical parameters such as gantry speed and dose rate are varied during treatment delivery. It is therefore imperative that we develop comprehensive and accurate methods to validate such complex delivery techniques prior to the commencement of the patient's treatment. Methods : In this study, a Monte Carlo simulation was performed for the high definition multileaf collimator (HD-MLC) of a Varian Novalis TX linac. Our simulation is based on the MCSIM code and provides a comprehensive model of the linac head. After validating the model in reference geometries, treatment plans for different anatomical sites were simulated and compared against the treatment planning system (TPS) dose calculations. All simulations were performed in a cylindrical water phantom as opposed to the patient anatomy, to remove any complexities associated with density effects. Finally, a comparison through gamma analysis of dose plane between the simulation, the TPS and the measurements from the Matrixx array (IBA) was conducted to verify the accuracy of our model against both the measurements and the TPS. Results : Gamma analysis of ten IMRT and ten VMAT cases for different anatomical sites was performed, using a 3%/3 mm passing criterion. The average passing rates were 97.5% and 94.3% for the IMRT and the VMAT plans respectively when comparing the MCSIM and TPS dose calculations. Conclusion : In the present work a Monte Carlo model of a Novalis TX linac which has been tested and benchmarked to produce phase-space files for the treatment head of the linac was used to produce a input phase-space to calculated dose deposition phenomena in different geometries for IMRT and VMAT treatment modalities. The control points defined for the MLC were replaced by blocks with the same characteristics and materials of the linac MLC to speed up the simulation time. With this technique a simulation of a typical IMRT case can be performed with a 10 computer cluster in about 1.02 hours in average. If the number of computer used is increased the computing time can be reduced even more which make our model suitable for clinical use as a second check method to compare the TPS dose calculated. Our results showed that for IMRT and VMAT deliveries with a HD-MLC, there is an average of 95.9% of the points have a gamma index less than 1 with our chosen criterion between our Monte Carlo simulations and the corresponding measurements and TPS calculations in a cylindrical water equivalent phantom. This Monte Carlo code can be used as pre-treatment, independent dose calculation verification for IMRT and VMAT deliveries.


Non‐technical summary  Due to the conservation of developmental pathways and genetic material over the course of evolution, non‐mammalian 'model organisms' such as the zebrafish embryo are emerging as valuable tools to explore causes and potential treatments for human diseases. Ion channels are proteins that form pores and help to establish and control electrical gradients by allowing the flow of ions across biological membranes. A diverse range of key physiological mechanisms in every organ in the body depends on the activity of ion channels. In this paper, we show that a potassium‐selective channel that underlies salt reabsorption and potassium excretion in the human kidney is also expressed in zebrafish in cells that are important regulators of salt balance. Disruption of the channel's expression in zebrafish leads to effects on the activity of the heart, consistent with a role for this channel in the control of potassium balance in the embryo.


Study on the main biological characteristics of Sciaenops ocellatus in Zhejiang sea area was conducted on fish samples collected in 2004~2006. We obtained the regression equations of total length-body length, body weight-net weight, and length-weight, as well as the von-Bertalanffy growth equation (BL∞=951.09 mm, k=0.27, t0=0.57;TL∞=1 144.61 mm, k=0.26, t0=0.52; WB∞=14 468.07g, tx=4.514, Φ'BL=5.388) and relative fatness index (Q=1.82) by analyzing measurable characteristics and age. Compared to previous studies, it was concluded that S.ocellatus has adapted well to the sea area of Zhejiang, and achieved similar growth rate as those in the American sea areas. Once the S.ocellatus reproduce massively, it may pose a potential threat to the endemic species of this area.


Observational methods in qualitative research are used to provide factual, accurate, and thorough descriptions of the observed setting, the activities that took place there, the people involved in the activities, and their perspectives on the meaning of what was observed (Patton, 2002). Observations can be can be structured and systematic in their approach utilizing a checklist of activities, or they may be unstructured, where the observers go "into the field" to describe and analyse what is seen and heard (Mulhall, 2003, p. 306). There are a number of terms that refer to methods for gathering observational data including "participant observation, fieldwork, qualitative observation, direct observation, and field research" (Patton, 2002, p. 262). Observation, as a method, has its roots in anthropology and has been used interchangeably with its offshoot, participant observation. It is one of the methods utilized in ethnographic fieldwork as well as with other qualitative approaches used by nurses. When the "field" is the hospital setting, observational methods can be valuable approaches to (a) address discrepancies between what nurses say when interviewed or surveyed and what they actually do, (b) provide insights into interactions, (c) see things that may escape conscious awareness among nursing staff because routines may be taken for granted, and (d) capture the context and physical environment in which nurses practise (Mays & Pope, 1995b; Mulhall, 2003; Paterson, Bottorff, & Hewat, 2003; Patton, 2002). For example, it is thought that the state of oral hygiene in dependent older adults in care settings is poor. However, our current knowledge of oral hygiene practices by nurses and their delegates who care for frail older patients is based almost exclusively on their own reports. Only two published studies have reported on staff, in these cases health care aides, being observed providing oral hygiene care. (Coleman & Watson, 2006; Gammack & Pulisetty, 2009). In those structured observational studies, there were discrepancies between what staff did and what has been reported as being done. Nurses' oral hygiene practices and the challenges they face have not been studied, and use of observational methods may be an appropriate way of shedding light on those practices. A desire to learn how others have addressed rigour in studies where nursing practice interventions were observed was the impetus for this integrative review. There are some shortcomings and controversy associated with observational methods. They include potential ethical problems related to informed consent and deception, participants' changing behaviour in the presence of the observer, and assuming the role of observer including gaining entry and trust (Mays & Pope, 1995b; Polit & Beck, 2006). However, the biggest criticism of observational methods has to do with validity (Adler & Adler, 1994), though there are ways to overcome the problem. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse how rigour has been addressed in published nursing intervention studies using observational methods. Background Morse, Barrett, Mayan, Olson, and Spiers (2002) have raised the concern that qualitative researchers focus on reporting the outcomes of their research to the neglect of demonstrating how verification strategies, used to ensure "reliability and validity", shaped the research as it developed. Nursing intervention studies using observational techniques could easily be criticized as being subject to researcher bias if the integrity of the research process is not protected throughout (Mays & Pope, 1995a). Although it has been established that "rigor is essential to any scientific endeavour to assure validity, what this is called and how to measure it is not so clear" (Whittemore, Chase, & Mandle, 2001, p. 527). The debate surrounding the use of the terms validity and its qualitative alternative, credibility, in qualitative research has been the subject of numerous discussions (Creswell, 2007; Long & Johnson, 2000; Morse et al. …


A linear parabolic equation with nonlocal boundary conditions of the BitsadzeSamarsky type is considered. The existence and uniqueness theorem of the periodic solution is proved.


Ethnic civil wars are the most abundant form of large-scale, deadly conflict in the world today, yet the dedicated study of ethnic civil war is relatively new within political science. One empirical observation repeated in the literature is that civil wars are less likely than interstate wars to end in negotiated settlements, and more likely to end in military victory for one side. Recently, scholars have employed expected utility theory and the security dilemma to construct models of how ethnic combatants choose between settling their differences at the bargaining table or on the battlefield. Rooted in the rational choice paradigm, these models draw upon utility calculations and security concerns to describe ethnic combatants' decision processes and explain the low rate of ethnic war settlement. Two problems with these rational choice models, however, are that they cannot account for cases of ethnic war in which combatants elect to continue fighting losing battles when a normatively "rational" settlement is available, and that they do not seem to accurately describe the decision-making behavior of ethnic combatants. In this thesis, I draw upon the principles of prospect theory, a descriptive theory of choice under conditions of risk and uncertainty, to construct a psychological model of ethnic war termination. I argue that ethnic combatants do not behave as rational choice theories suggest; rather, they choose to settle or fight by framing the possible outcomes as gains or losses relative to a subjective reference point. I analyze my theory by comparing it to three prominent rational choice models: Mason and Fett's expected utility theory, Walter's credible commitment theory, and Kaufmann's demographic separation theory. I then perform a first-brush test of my theory by applying all four models to two case studies, the EthiopianEritrean War and the Bosnian Civil War, to determine which model best explains the behavior of the combatants. I find that prospect theory provides added value over the rational choice models. I then review the implications of my prospect theory model for humanitarian interventions into ethnic conflict. Finally, I conclude by suggesting potential directions for future research in this area. Thesis Supervisor: Barry Posen Title: Ford International Professor of Political Science


The invention discloses a method and a device for accessing multimedia resources of a mobile terminal. The method comprises the following steps of: 1. displaying a status bar on a use interface of the mobile terminal, wherein the status bar circularly displays multimedia resource types of a service provider website in a character and/or icon way; and 2. responding the operation to the status bar by the user by the mobile terminal, and guiding the user to the multimedia resource currently displayed in the status bar. The multimedia resource types of the service provider website are circularly displayed on the mobile terminal in the status bar type, and the user can directly access one kind of multimedia resources corresponding to the status bar through the status bar, thereby saving the operation of accessing the multilayer websites. Therefore, the invention can shorten the time of the user accessing the multimedia resources, saves the data flow, and decreases the cost.


In order to evaluate the effects of phenytoin on the reproductive system of rats in detail, 60 male rats were divided equally into 6 groups: 1-5 received 10 mg/kg/day phenytoin IP for 1,2,3,4 and 5 weeks, respectively. However, group 5 did not receive any phenytoin for the last 5th week. The control group (group 6) did not receive any treatment. The results revealed that phenytoin does not have any effect on body weight, weight of testes, seminal vesicle and prostate, serum testosterone and sperm count taken from left and right vas deferenses. However, the percentage of total motile sperm and sperm with full and sluggish motility decreased and the percentage of low motile sperm increased in all experimental groups. Nevertheless, phenytoin caused atrophy and hypoplasia in seminiferous tubules and not Leydig cells. These pathological changes were dose-dependent and more pronounced in the left testis. But phenytoin caused more changes in sperm count and motility of the right testis. This phenomenon was discussed in relation to the existence of asymmetrical control by the hypothalamus, and com pensation of the left testis. In summary, it could be concluded that phenytoin affected the seminiferous tubules directly and decreased the total number of mo tile sperm. It was also discussed that these effects are not reversible after termina tion of injection. MJIRI, Vol. 16, No.1, 35-40, 2002.


Background: Invasive breast cancer is a highly aggressive primary breast tumour with poor prognosis. As tumour angiogenesis is exhibited by invasive breast cancer, anti-angiogenic therapy has been intensively evaluated over the past decade. However, clinical studies were disappointing. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4), a multi-functional peptide, is associated with induction of angiogenesis, but the role of Tβ4 in tumorigenesis of invasive breast cancer is unknown. We tested whether Tβ4 inhibition could be a new target involved in tumour development and tumour angiogenesis for treatment of invasive breast cancer. Methods: We have adapted a 3D co-culture system to acquire invasive breast cancer cells-associated endothelial cells (ECs), which is followed by characterising the differential gene expressions by PCR-based subtraction analysis. We performed Western blot analysis on the protein samples obtained from ECs-stimulated by invasive breast cancer cells. Expression of Tβ4 in invasive breast cancer was assessed by qPCR in the breast tissues (tumour, n=119; background, n=55), and protein expression confirmed by immunohistochemical examination in an invasive breast cancer tissue microarray. Finally, mice breast cancer xenografts plus non-invasively photoacoustic microscopy were used to analyse the effect of Tβ4 knockdown on the tumorigenesis of invasive breast cancer. Results: We found that invasive breast cancer cells could stimulate an increase in Tβ4 expression in microvascular ECs. High Tβ4 levels were strongly associated with high malignant invasive breast cancer and poor clinical outcome. In vivo study showed that siRNA targeting Tβ4 blocked growth of invasive breast cancer in mice. Photoacoustic imaging revealed that knockdown of Tβ4 elicited anti-breast cancer growth, in part, through disruption of tumour vasculature. Our results demonstrate that endothelial cell-derived Tβ4 enhances the progression of breast cancer by up-regulating tumour angiogenesis and it indicates that a high level of tumour stromal Tβ4 is an independent predictor of poor outcome. Conclusions: Inhibiting endothelial Tβ4 could be a new therapeutic target in anti-angiogenic strategy for treatment of invasive breast cancer. Citation Format: Cai J, Jiang W. Tβ4 expression in cancer-associated endothelial cells enhances progression of invasive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-09-02.


The extent of gendered COVID-19 impact remains undetermined for the lack of sex-disaggregated data. The prevailing view puts males nearly twice as impacted as females. Globally, access to resources and their usage are gendered- mostly favoring males. Gender gaps widen during natural/man-made calamities and pandemics. Modeling estimates of impact for top 70 countries reporting >300 sex-disaggregated COVID-19 deaths (>80% of total), indicates average mortality sex (male:female) ratio (COVID-MSR) of 1.37{+/-}0.30 (95% confidence interval:1.30-1.44; range:0.85-2.47) against prevalent pre-pandemic MSR of 1.79{+/-}0.41 (1.70-1.89; range:0.93-2.99). Contrary to the prevailing view, widened gender gaps globally increased female mortality by 19.57{+/-}21.16% (14.62%-24.88%; range: -22.46 to +68.50%) causing an estimated 22.03% excess deaths (360 thousand by 30 December 2021). Identification of factors favoring gendered impacts is needed for equitable pandemic management.


A new composite,polythiophene(PT) confined in mesoporous silica(SBA-15) was synthesized.PT was formed in the pores of SBA-15 by subsequent oxidative polymerization with FeCl3.Different techniques were employed to characterize the resulting composite.SAXRD and N2 adsorption/desorption analysis showed that the composite possessed typical mesoporous structure,and the residual pore volume of composite was significantly lower than that of pure empty SBA-15.FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of polythiophene inside pore channels of the host and TG proved confinement effect in the channel system.


The accumulation and flow of oil and gas in porous media of the reservoir which forms an interaction system with reservoir porous media.Because of the small reservoir porosity and big surface area,some fluid will be adsorbed on the surface of pores to form adsorbed phase,which will affect fluid phase and the flow law.Especially in the low permeability porous medium,adsorption phenomenon is more serious.Based on the characteristics analysis of hydrocarbliquid on adsorption in porous media,an adsorption study of three hydrocarbon liquid mixture in real rock is carried out.The results show that for the low-permeability reservoir,the impact of absorption can not be ignored.


This article examines how Francisco Zamora Loboch, an Equatorial Guinean writer based in Madrid, interprets Miguel de Cervantes' novel Don Quijote as an anti-racist text. While first proposing this reading in his essay Como ser negro y no morir en Aravaca (1994), he develops it more fully in his poem, 'Estefania', from the collection Memoria de laberintos (1999). The study analyses how Zamora's poem interweaves elements from the original novel with allusions to the popular western novel, as well as to the history and culture of Annobon, in order to challenge what Anibal Quijano calls 'coloniality' (2000). In doing so, the poem deliberately merges the reality of life on Annobon, which has largely been characterized by poverty, exploitation, isolation, and neglect, with the patent fictionality of the Quijote and the western literary genre. This fusion of fiction and reality, which is modelled on the original Quijote, suggests that 'coloniality' is a fiction that can be radically reimagined and rewritten. He...


Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is an outgrowth of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). Vehicles in VANET are considered as nodes with wireless links. It enables communication among vehicles and Road Side Units (RSUs). In VANETs, many vehicles tries to send warning messages. So every vehicle within the transmission range will receive the broadcast message and rebroadcasts these messages to other vehicles. This makes the vehicles receive the traffic warning message repeatedly. Hence, redundancy, contention, and packet collisions occur due to simultaneous forwarding (usually known as the Broadcast storm problem). In this paper, RBCAST is proposed to address the broadcast storm problem in VANET. It reduces the number of retransmissions and more number of vehicles is alerted about emergency situation. In order to deliver the packets successfully and to reduce the broadcast storm problem, nodes must relay the packets with the help of the intermediate nodes.


Multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) bacteria present in wastewater cause life-threatening diseases. Using water from unprotected sources where the possibility of entering MAR bacteria from wastewater is high poses a danger to public health. To determine the distribution of MAR bacteria in wastewater, we collected samples from six sites of Maijdee, a small town in the Noakhali district of Bangladesh. We found that 47.62% (30/63) of the isolates were resistant to at least six antibiotics. The predominant MAR bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (20%), Escherichia coli (20%), Enterobacter spp. (20%), and Klebsiella spp. (16.67%). All MAR bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, oxacillin, and cefixime, and 97% (29) of isolates showed resistance to cefotaxime. Altogether, above 50% of the isolates were resistant to cefepime, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin. MAR index values of all but one isolate found as >0.20 implied that they were from high-risk environments. The findings suggested the urgent need to treat hospital wastewater before draining out to the environment properly, and the other wastewater should be reserved in the secluded area.


Pilot studies were conducted in Gwangju metropolitan city, Korea to explore the alternatives for manganese removal when MF (micro filter) was used instead of sand filtration in K Waterworks. 94.2 and 92.7% of the manganese was removed when 0.50mg/L for chlorine dioxide was dosed(manganese concentration of raw water was 0.1mg/L) using fifteen minutes reaction time at pH 9.0 and pH 7.5, but 16.8% and 2.9% of manganese were removed at pH 6.0 and 3.0, respectively. Manganese removal rate when 0.5 and 1.0mg/L for chlorine dioxide was dosed using fifteen minutes reaction time at pH 6.9 without pH control, 44.0% and 51.0% of manganese were removed that are not much different removal rate between at both pHs. And also 42.0 and 51.0% of manganese were removed using thirty minutes reaction time, 43.0 and 56.0% of removal rate using forty five minutes reaction time, respectively. It means fifteen minutes of reaction time is enough for chlorine dioxide.


Good quality virgin aggregates for concrete are becoming harder to obtain easily in some areas of New Zealand, especially Auckland. This report discusses the results of an investigation into the properties of concrete made using recycled concrete construction rubble as concrete aggregate. It also describes a field trial carried out using recycled construction rubble concrete. The aim of the work is to see if it would be possible to replace virgin aggregate with recycled rubble to reduce the drain on premium aggregate supplies. It concludes that the use of recycled concrete construction rubble as coarse aggregate for concrete is a viable proposition.


The P. fragi lipase overexpressed in E. coli as a fusion protein of 57 kilodalton (kDa) has been purified through glutathione-agarose affinity chromatography by elution with free glutathione. The general properties of the purified GST-fusion protein were characterized by observing absorbance of released p-nitrophenoxide at 400 nm which was hydrolyzed from the substrate p-nitrophenyl palmitate. The optimum condition was observed at 25 , pH 7.8 with 0.4 of protein and 1.0 mM substrate in 0.6% (v/v) TritonX-100 solution. Also the lipase was activated by Ca+2, Mg+2, Ba+2 and Na+ but it was inhibited by Co+2 and Ni+2. pGEX-2T containing P. fragi lipase gene as expression vector was named pGL191 and used as a template for the site-directed mutagenesis by sequential PCR steps. A Ser-His-Asp catalytic triad similar to that present in serine proteases may be present in Pseudomonas lipase. Therefore, the PCR fragments replacing Asp217 to Arg and His260 to Arg were synthesized, and substituted for original fragment in pGL19. The ligated products were transformed into E. coli NM522, and pGEX-2T harboring mutant lipase genes were screened through digestion with XbaI and StuI sites created by mutagenic primers, respectively. No activity of mutant lipases was observed on the plate containing tributyrin. The purified mutant lipases were not activated on the substrate and affected at pH variation. These results demonstrate that Asp217 and His260 are involved in the catalytic site of Pseudomonas lipase.


This paper aims to provide and alternatives to the use of relatively narrow yards for cultivating hydroponic vegetables that are environmentally friendly and free from chemical pesticide residues. The activity was carried out in RT 9 Handil Jaya Village, Jelutung District, Jambi City during the Covid-19 pandemic from March to August 2020. Data collected has material requirements, production, distribution, and the impact of activities. The data were analysed quantitatively. The hydroponic technology of the Nutrient Film Technique system is placed attached to the yard fence using 12 rods of 3-inch pipe with a length of 3 m and a distance of 15 cm so that there are 240 planting holes using one reservoir. Several types of vegetables are planted, such as celery, lettuce, spinach, kale, pakcoy and kailan, which are planted as needed and harvest. The production of this vegetable has exceeded the needs of the family and even sold to markets, kebab and burger traders for 25,000 IDR. Farming profit is 538,703 IDR for every 40 days of harvest or 4,309,624 IDR in 8 harvests a year. Based on the calculation of B/C Ratio and R/C Ratio, this farming deserves to be continued and provides benefits.


The α-β-γ transitions observed in CuI are interpreted in terms of anharmonic oscillation of Cu ion. Strong temperature dependence of the Debye-Waller factor and large anomalous entropy are correlated consistently within the proposed anharmonic oscillator model.