[Title] The combining effects of exercise and acupuncture with pre-scription medicine on the autonomic nervous system. [Background] "Health Japan 21 (Secondary)" advocates about exercise, rest, nutri-tion, amount of alcohol intake, no smoking, and drug management to maintain and improve health. On the other hand, acupuncture and moxibustion to prevent pre-existing illness has not yet been established in terms of health sciences. [Purpose] To obtain the combining effects of combining exercise and acupuncture in a patient who was diagnosed and having prescribed medicine treatment for autonomic imbalance in psychosomatic medicine. [METHODS] To evaluate the combining effects of exercise and acupuncture using heart rate variability and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, the Mind-Body Connection Test (MBCT) was developed. [Results] Before the first acupuncture, the blood pressure and heart rate at the rest were 126/85 and 83bpm, respectively. After the 21st acupuncture the blood pressure and heart rate at the rest were significantly re-duced to 113/79 and 53bpm. Symptoms are good even after taking the medicine. [Discussion] Symptoms were improved by exercise and acupuncture combined with prescribed medicine treatment for autonomic imbalance. [Conclusion] It was suggested that, depending on the pathophysiology of autonomic imbalance, improvement of symptoms can be expected by the combinations of acupuncture and exercise in addition to having traditional medicine. [Aims] The hypothalamus plays an important role in autonomic regulation and stress-induced responses, including cardiovascular responses; however, the effects of chronic stress (CS) and exercise on hypothalamic gene expression are not well known. This study aimed to identify hypothalamic genes associated with CS and exercise. [Methods] Eighteen male Wistar rats were allocated into three groups (n = 6 for each group): CS, CS + voluntary exercise (CS + Ex), and control (CTR) groups. CS developed in rats when they were immobilized for three weeks (one hour per day, five times per week). Differentially expressed genes in the hypothalamus among the three groups were investigated using gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses. [Results] The gene expression profile of the CTR group was used as the standard. A total of 69 genes in the CS group and 852 genes in the CS + Ex group showed changes in their expression. GO and pathway analyses indicated that genes related to glutamatergic synaptic transmission and apoptosis were affected by stress and genes related to humoral immunity and adenylate cy-clase activity were affected by exercise. [Conclusion] These results suggest that CS and voluntary exercise affect gene expression in the hypothalamus. Interestingly, the effects of exercise on hypothalamic gene expression are more profound. The NCV and nCSA of the ulnar and tibial nerves were measured with both arms and legs. The NCV and nCSA were measured by supramaximal electric stimulation and by peripheral nerve ultrasonography at three regions for ulnar and tibial nerves, respectively. Supramaximal electric stimulations were superficially applied to the ulnar and tibial nerves at each measured point. These action potentials were recorded from the digiti minimi and soleus muscles for the ulnar and tibial nerves, respectively. [Results] The ulnar nCSA of the upper limbs was significantly greater in males than in females (p < 0.05). However, its NCV was significantly lower in males than in females (p < 0.05). In the lower limbs, there was no gender difference in the tibial NCV and its nCSA, respectively. [Summary] The high ulnar NCV in females could not be due to the nCSA size but to other factors such as the distances between nodes of Ranvier. On the other hand, the similar trend was not observed between the upper and lower limbs. Therefore, this difference could indicate not sex-specific differences but acquired gender-specific differences in NCV and nCSA. daily for 3 weeks. St+Ex was also subjected to treadmill running training at low intensity (a speed of 11m/min). Body temperature was measured during daily restraint stress by using wireless telemetry system. The hippocampal volume was estimated by means of the Cavalieri method. For assessing neurogenesis, the number of Doublecortin-immuno-reactive (DCX-ir) immature neurons was counted. [Results] The hyperthermic response to repeated exposure to restraint was significantly smaller in St + Ex than that in St. There were no significant differences in the dorsal hippocampal volume and the numbers of DCX-ir neurons in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus among three groups. [Conclusions] It is suggested that exercise training attenu-ate the daily stress-induced hyperthermia, however, it is not clear whether exercise training buffer the negative effect of chronic stress on hippocampal structures in adolescent period. [Aim] Treadmill running (TR) becomes a stress when its intensity exceeds the Lactate Threshold (LT), since the supra-LT TR, but not the below-LT TR, causes the neural activation of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), that is central players in the stress response, and the hypersecretion of stress hormone corticosterone (CORT). The exercise intensity dependent stress induction has been observed in some rodent strains. However, whether BALB/c mice having a stress-vulnerable show the similar stress response to TR with different intensities remains unclear. This study thus investigated the neural (PVN) and hormonal (CORT) response to TR at the below- or supra-LT in BALB/c mice. [Methods] BALB/c mice were previously habituated to TR, and catheterized into the jugular vein. The mice were left on the treadmill for 30-min without running (Cont), or subjected to a 30-min of TR at low speeds (below-LT, 10 m/min, LTR) or high speeds (supra-LT, 25 m/min, HTR). Blood was serially collected from the jugular vein before and after (0- and 90-min) TR/rest, and then brain was sampled. Plasma CORT level and PVN neural activity were assessed using the RIA, and using the c-Fos IHC, respectively. [Results] Compared with Cont, LTR and HTR significantly increased the plasma CORT levels at immediately after TR and the number of c-Fos-ir cells in PVN, without difference between both groups. Further, there were no differences of the plasma CORT levels between every group at before and 90-min after TR/rest. [Conclusion] These results indicates that TR increases the stress response regardless of its intensity in BALB/c [Aims] Very light/light-intensity exercise enhances cognitive function even though it is below the ventilatory threshold (VT), lactate threshold (LT), and 45%V ・ O 2 max. Since this beneficial effect corre-sponds to an increase in arousal mood, it is assumed that the locus coeruleus (LC), the center of the arousal system, may be involved. Change in pupil diameter is recently established as an indicator of activation of LC. Thereby, pupil dilation-related to exercise intensity may provide new insight into the exercise-induced brain arousal mechanisms. [Methods] The pupil diameter, arousal mood (TDMS), and expiratory gas of 26 young males were measured during graded exercise. Base-on the ACSM criteria, the sampling data were clas-sified by intensity based on V ・ O 2 . [Results] Pupil diameter increased significantly at very light-intensity compared to baseline (first pupil dilation threshold: 1st PT), then stabilized and increased again around VT until exhaustion (2nd PT). The increase in pupil diameter at 1st PT was positively correlated with the increase in arousal mood. [Conclusions] In contrast to VT and LT, we discovered two pupil dilation thresholds (PT). The pupil dilation-specific 1st PT was associated with an increase in arousal mood, suggesting the change of arousal mood during very light-intensity exercise below VT/LT might be based on the arousal system-related LC. [Aim] Chronic restraint stress (CS) contributes to hypertension, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The onset of hypertension is partly due to the inflammatory response of blood pressure control centers. It was hypothesized that CS induces hypertension due to the inflammatory reaction of the cardiovascular center caused by the brain-bone marrow correlation. We investigated the effect of CS on gene expression levels of inflammatory factors in the bone marrow and structure of hypothalamic microglia. [Method] Wistar rats were divided into a group with 3 weeks of restraint stress (CS group) and a control group (CTR group). Bone marrow RNA was extracted after the interventions and gene expression of inflammatory factors was examined by real-time RT-PCR. Bone marrow-derived microg-lia in the PVN was confirmed by a double staining method using immunohistochemistry. [Result] BP was significantly higher in the CS group. Bone marrow CCR2 gene was highly expressed in the CS group. In PVN of CS rats, the number of CCR2-positive cells among the Iba1(microglial marker)-expressing cells were more than in the PVN of CTR rats. [Conclusion] CS may affect PVN functions via bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells. Further study will be required to investigate whether this process induces an increase in BP. [Aims] Monoamine (MA), including dopamine (DA), noradren-aline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT), is thought to modulate dorsal hippocampal (dHPC) function. dHPC-DA release, which especially increases even by light intensity running (LIR), might play a key role in LIR-enhanced dHPC-dependent-memory and neurogenesis. However, it is still unclear how dHPC-MA release changes during and after different intensity running. We thus aimed to elucidate the dynamics of dHPC-MA release in different intensity running. [Meth-ods] Long Evans TH-Cre male rats (10-12 weeks old) were inserted guide cannula into dHPC for microdialysis to evaluate MA release. Rats were subjected to 30 min of LIR (15m/min), severe intensity running (25m/min) or rest (0 m/min). The dialysate was collected in


Modern research in the field of sociology of science is becoming more complicated due to the constantly growing publication activity of authors. To track trends in sectoral sociology, scientists turn to scientometric methods, but they are not enough. Trends in the development of the sociology of values as a branch of sociology are the subject of the study. The purpose of the work is an assessment of the possibilities of using natural language analysis methods (NLP/NLA) for thematic and theoretical clustering of research in the sociology of values. The design of the study was quantitative and qualitative, it was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, 121 abstracts of a scientific articles were analyzed using text mining, after which their total array was divided into clusters. At the second stage, the results of machine clustering were examined by the method of qualitative text analysis, on the basis of which the limitations and capabilities of the NLP/NLA method were identified for solving the problem of clustering scientific texts. It was found that articles with a more conservative core of theoretical categories (gender studies, migration studies, the theory of globalism) are more amenable to clustering, while theories with a loosely structured and fluid theoretical core (theories using environmental terminology, theories of inequality) are much less amenable to explicit clustering. The results obtained allow us to form a new direction of work with large arrays of scientific texts, associated with their clustering using NLP/NLA. Building clusters enables researchers to work with all texts in a given subject area, and not just with the most cited ones. This, in turn, provides the visibility of all scientific ideas, including those that have not gained popularity/notability.


A panel forced by buffeting aerodynamic loads and undergoing limit-cycle oscillations and chaos is investigated. The interaction of dynamic and static instabilities is shown to lead to very complex dynamics, which includes static deformations, limit-cycle oscillations, and chaos. The sensitivity of the chaotic behavior to parametric changes is shown to be an effective tool in detecting structural changes such as variations in the stiffness of the mounting point of the upstream end of the panel. A finite difference method is used to simulate the dynamics of the aeroelastic system, and coherent structures of the panel dynamics are identified using proper orthogonal decomposition. The sensitivity of the dynamics of the coherent structures to parametric changes is discussed.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge management  and organizational entrepreneurship from the viewpoint of employees of  Sarab, Sama and Mehrban Islamic Azad University. The statistical population in this research was all staff of Sarab , sama and Mehrban Islamic Azad University ( 84 people)  includes (25 official definitive, 15 official trial, 44 contractual). This research in terms of type of method is descriptive-survey  and in terms of purpose is applied. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and the results of the analysis of hypotheses show that there is a significant relationship between knowledge management (culture, process of operation, policies, technology) with organizational entrepreneurship.


In this work we initiate the study of Szilard languages of labelled insertion grammars. It is well-known that there exist context-free languages which cannot be generated by any insertion grammar. We show that there exist some regular languages which cannot be Szilard language of any labelled insertion grammar. But any regular language can be given as a homomorphic image of Szilard language obtained by a labelled insertion grammar of weight 1. Also, any context-free language can be obtained as a homomorphic image of Szilard language of a labelled insertion grammar of weight 2. We show that even though insertion grammars of weight 1 can generate only context-free languages, there exist some context-sensitive language which can be obtained as Szilard language of a labelled insertion grammar of weight 1. At the end we show that any recursively enumerable language can be characterized by the homomorphic image of Szilard language obtained by a labelled insertion grammar of weight 5.


Several investigations of American evangelicalism have been conducted in recent decades, yet they conceptualize evangelicalism in different ways. It is not surprising, therefore, that different profiles of the evangelical movement and its adherents emerge from these studies. This research reviews major studies on the subject undertaken since 1976, when evangelicals first attracted national attention. Using data collected in a single data set-the 1998 General Social Survey-we show how measurement strategies employed in different studies yield drastically different pictures of evangelicalism. Conservative measures indicate that only one in 20 Americans is evangelical while one in two is evangelical according to a combination of more expansive measures. The demographic, cultural, and religious characteristics of evangelicals, as well as theories about them, hinge upon how the population is defined.


A new technique is developed to achieve focusing in range and direction (angle) (joint range- angle beamforming) on the received signals simultaneously, transmitting one wave-beamform. It is shown how this can be utilized to estimate target density functions in the range-direction coordinates in three dimensional space. It is also shown that range-angle focusing can be achieved using only one sensor via transmitting several wave-beam forms.


This study investigated professional empowerment of junior middle school teachers in Taiwan, compared the difference on the sense of autonomy in background variables, and explored the extent to which professional power explained professional efficacy, using questionnaire method. The results showed that (1) the sense of professional empowerment of junior middle school teachers was on the middle level, among which the individual teaching efficacy was the most positive, and the power of participating in decision-making was the most negative; (2) there was difference in the sense of professional empowerment of teachers from different background variables(gender, occupation, educational level, age, years of service, school location, size, history, and school district culture); (3) professional status and impact, individual teaching efficacy, and general self-efficacy could be effectively explained and predicted by teachers' power of participating in decision-making, teaching autonomy, and professional growth. (


Abstract The age of late capitalism and transnationalism compels professionals to rethink the boundaries of their theory and practice. Social work educators are responding to these changes both by paying attention to "the international" in the curriculum, and by seeking to forge links between the "developed" and the "developing" world. International social work needs to be persistently examined to analyse the impacts of dramatic shifts in power, technology, migration, trade and travel. This article addresses some of these issues through a reflective analysis of a North/South collaborative endeavour in which I was intimately involved. The collaboration illustrates how imperialism can pervade North/South encounters and exchanges and helps to identify some obstacles which get in the way of achieving respectful alliances. The concept of transnational-ism, transnational feminism and a review of international social work are analysed to understand the shifting contexts for working across borders and within changing states. The intent is to identify some features of a critical collaborative approach towards international and anti-oppressive social work in a transnational age.


This study examines the metaphorical language of three managers in a Northwest city government. Four communication specialists used an interpretative method to identify, categorize, and rate perceptions of metaphors in three 30‐minute transcribed interviews. The results establish a set of metaphor categories, support a theory of culturally‐shared metaphors, demonstrate managers' differences in metaphor use, and suggest an association between managers metaphor use and subordinate ratings of effectiveness.


Significance Many of the most fascinating and actively investigated materials classes host strongly correlated electrons. Their understanding is challenging because the strong correlations cause entwining of multiple degrees of freedom of an electron, such as spin, orbital, and charge. This complexity is ubiquitous and underlies many of the rich properties. The question then is whether there are universal organizing principles that provide simplicity to the description. Here, by studying a prototype material with entwined spin and orbital degrees of freedom and a theoretical model pertinent to it, we have demonstrated correlation-driven electron localization–delocalization as such a principle. It happens sequentially, involving a single quantum number at a time, thus deciphering the roles of the individual degrees of freedom. Complex and correlated quantum systems with promise for new functionality often involve entwined electronic degrees of freedom. In such materials, highly unusual properties emerge and could be the result of electron localization. Here, a cubic heavy fermion metal governed by spins and orbitals is chosen as a model system for this physics. Its properties are found to originate from surprisingly simple low-energy behavior, with 2 distinct localization transitions driven by a single degree of freedom at a time. This result is unexpected, but we are able to understand it by advancing the notion of sequential destruction of an SU(4) spin–orbital-coupled Kondo entanglement. Our results implicate electron localization as a unified framework for strongly correlated materials and suggest ways to exploit multiple degrees of freedom for quantum engineering.


This paper studies energy harvesting communication systems in which a transmitter sends data packets using the energy harvested from the surrounding natural environment. In many practical situations, the uncertainty of the environment makes the transmitter difficult to keep track of the future change of the physical environment. In addition, the reward value of each successful transmission can be a random variable affected by some factors unknown to the transmitter. We propose a Bayesian reinforcement learning approach for the transmitter to learn the statistic features about the future evolution of the natural environment and probability distribution of the reward value from its previous experience. We derive the optimal policy for the transmitter to sequentially decide its transmit power and the number of transmit data packets to maximize the long-term expected reward. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithm can significantly improve the system performance even when the future environment change and reward value are uncertain for the transmitter.


A new oxygen-containing π-electron donor having ethylthio chains, C2TEO-TTP (2-[4,5-bis(ethylthio)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene]-5-(4,5-ethylenedithio-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene), has been synthesized. Single-component C2TEO-TTP forms a β′-like dimerized structure. The 2 : 1 salts with PF6−, ClO4−, and AsF6− have a uniform β-type structure isostructual to the ethylenedithio analog, (C2TET-TTP)2ClO4, and are metallic down to liquid helium temperatures. On the other hand, (C2TEO-TTP)2Au(CN)2 has dimeric donor arrangement, and shows hysteretic temperature dependence of the conductivity.


Objectives
This study aims to determine the effects of oral glucosamine on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with osteoarthritis in Northeastern Iran.

Patients and methods
This placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial included 40 non-diabetic patients with osteoarthritis (15 males, 25 females, mean age 63.8±7.64 years; range 49 to 80 years). Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups and treated with oral glucosamine sulfate 1500 mg a day or placebo for 90 days. Fasting blood sugar, glucose tolerance test with 75 grams glucose and serum insulin levels, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance were evaluated initially and at the end of intervention.

Results
There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of blood sugar, glucose tolerance test, and insulin levels at the beginning and end of the study. In the oral glucosamine group, there were no significant changes in fasting blood sugar (94.1±7.14 mg/dL versus 93.5±9.45 mg/dL, p=0.15), glucose tolerance test (99.3±8.99 mg/dL versus 103.3±10.1 mg/dL, p=0.07), and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (1.57±0.21 versus 1.48±0.21, p=0.13) after treatment. Also, placebo did not significantly affect serum glucose levels and insulin resistance.

Conclusion
Oral glucosamine with routine dosage was safe in our non-diabetic patients with osteoarthritis and had no significant effect on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.


Background:Population aging is happening in most of the world's metropolitan cities, and the proportion of elderly adults is predicted to increase significantly in the coming decades. This rapid growth of elderly populations became a challenge in front of the health care system to deliver a high quality of health care services. The aim of this study was to describe the levels of satisfaction, and explore the health-related factors that influencing life satisfaction amongst older adults living in geriatric home.Methods: Quantitative research was employed in this study, where a descriptive design used to describe the levels of life satisfactionof older adults and while correlational design used to investigate the association between life satisfaction and healthrelated factors among older adults living in geriatric homes in Cairo,Egypt. Using a tested instruments, onehundard fifty clients were chosen randomly from three different geriatric home settings as a type of residential care that provide twenty-four hours primary health care from 1st July,2017 to the end of October,2017. Tools: Six tools were used to collect pertinent data: I. Socio-demographic characteristics, II. Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS),III.Self-Rated Health (SRH), IV. Rosenberg Self-EsteemScale (SES), V. Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), VI.Lawton of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale.Results:Two-third of the participants were male (65.3%). A strong positive association between low lifesatisfaction level andpoor self-rated and presence of the chronic illness (p = .001 & r = .270 ; p = .004 & r = .235); also poor self -esteem and functional status were modestly associated with lower life satisfaction(p = .005 & r = .230 ; p = .013 & r = .201) respectively. The results found a statistical association between the duration of stay in the geriatric home and lower life satisfaction (p = .003 & r = .975). In addition, there is an association between life-satisfaction levels and family support and the older who are keeping in touch with their family members as well as the presence of social support (p= .059 & r =.402; p = .044 & r = 0.589; p= .042 & r= .116) respectively. The life satisfaction lost the significance associatedwith age, gender, level of education and type of referral.Conclusion and Recommendations:Poor self-rated health and chronic illness have a greater impact on life satisfaction ,whereas low self-esteem and dependent older adults were strongly related to lower life satisfaction. Also, this result indicates that low family support , low social support and the duration of stay in the geriatric homewere hardly related to low life satisfaction at old age .These factors need to be deliberated in the care of these people to improve or maintain their life satisfaction.


Background: It is essential to keep the reproductive organs and surrounding areas hygienic during menstruation to prevent health issues. Inadequate menstrual self-care knowledge, poor attitudes, and behavior among female adolescents can lead to increased morbidity and other complications among them, such as reproductive tract infections. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the jigsaw technique on menstrual self-care knowledge, attitude, and behavior among adolescents. Method: This quasi-experimental research was performed on 100 female students who were divided into control (n=50) and intervention (n=50) groups (jigsaw intervention) in Al-Musaddadiyah boarding school in Garut, in 2016. The jigsaw technique was performed by dividing the students into small groups of 5-6 where students worked together using interdependent and responsible independent methods to receive education on menstrual self-care. The required data were collected using a questionnaire about knowledge, attitude, and behavior and they were analyzed using independent and paired t-test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Based on the results, mean difference of the intervention group before and after the intervention regarding the level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior were -7,08 (P=0.001), -11.54 (P=0.001), and -16.62 (P=0.001), respectively. While the mean difference of the control group, before and after the intervention regarding the level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior were -0.240 (P=0.06),  -0,180 (P=0.37), -3,4 (p=0.21), respectively. Implications for Practice: The jigsaw method could be effective in increasing menstrual self-care knowledge, attitude, and behavior among female adolescents.


Examination of the eyes with a slit lamp revealed that 101/H mice had a coloured cataract. Crosses to C3H/HeH indicated that this was inherited as a single recessive gene which we have designated lop-2 (lens opacity-2). The related strain 129/Sv- Sl J -CP had a phenotypically identical cataract and presumably also carries the lop-2 gene. CBA/H, CBA/CaH- + / p , CBA/H- kd and CBA/H-T6 mice had a bright white or white/green cataract that typically extended from the nucleus to the anterior cortex of the lens. Crosses to C3H/HeH indicated that this was inherited as a semi-dominant gene. However, other crosses raise the possibility that the CBA cataract is also caused by lop -2. If so, the expressivity (and penetrance of the heterozygote) is affected by genetic background. Neither lop-2 nor the gene responsible for the CBA cataract was linked to contrasted ( Sl con ) on chromosome 10, so these are distinct from the Lop (lens opacity) gene. Further studies of genetic linkage are needed to clarify whether lop-2 is responsible for both the 101/H and CBA/H cataracts.


In the past few decades, the importance of dynamics of University-Industry Linkage(UIL) in strengthening national and regional innovation competency and global competitiveness has been progressively more acknowledged. However, establishing an effective UIL for a better economic development is still a challenging endeavor in Ethiopia, particularly in Tigray region. This study is aimed at assessing the status of UIL and in order to achieve such aim it analyzed the determinants of firms' intensity of interaction with the Mekelle University (MU) and the effect of the intensity of interaction on the relevant firms' innovation performance. The findings of the study showed that the status of UIL between the firms and the university in Tigray region was at an infant stage. The study also found that firm size, firm age (startups) and government supports have had a significant effect on firms' intensity of interaction with the MU. However, the firms' intensity of interaction with the MU did not have any significant effect on the firms' innovation performance. In contrast, cooperation with customers, other groups and suppliers, firm size, firm age, and in-house R&D activities were found to have a significant effect on the firms' innovation performance. In conclusion, the acquisition of knowledge and technology from university does not have an important role in firms' innovation performance in the studied region. Consequently, the government should design effective strategies and assign responsible bodies to implement the strategies, create awareness, and organize both firms and university to meet and work together in order to enhance firms' innovation performance.


Based on virtual prototype technology,the system dynamics for missile launch of marching vehicle with active control suspension was studied.An air-defense missile weapon system's rigid-flexible coupling dynamic simulation model was built in Adams/View.By means of Matlab/Simulink,the fuzzy adaptive control strategy was created for active suspension.Meanwhile,the system's co-simulation model was constructed as well.Marching dynamic simulation under three different velocities was done on C,D and E level road separately.The dynamic data of launcher's random response and missile's motion characteristics was obtained.It shows that this suspension can effectively reduce initial disturbance's influence on launching process,so it is effective for marching launch.


This article studies the impact of stochastic stealthy false data injection attacks on the security of cyber-physical systems. The Kullback–Leibler divergence is used as the metric of stealthiness to detect the system anomalies. The attacker is able to inject false data into measurement and actuation channels at the same time. The goal of an attacker is to destabilize the systems while maintaining the Kullback–Leibler divergence under a certain threshold. First, in order to keep the stealthiness of attacks, the relationship between the threshold of Kullback–Leibler divergence and the upper bounds on the norms of mathematical expectation and covariance of the compromised innovation is given. Then, the sufficient and necessary conditions for the insecurity of systems are derived when all the measurement channels are compromised by an attacker. Furthermore, some sufficient conditions for the security of systems are presented in the cases that part of or no measurement channels are compromised. Finally, simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.


DOI: 10.21276/sjmps.2018.4.10.10 Abstract: Cardiac tumors are massively uncommon disease, only seven instances of primary cardiac tumor found between more than 12,000 dissections. Cardiac tumors are proliferated in the heart or heart valves. Cardiac tumors may be primary (benign or malignant) or metastatic (secondary, malignant). Cardiac tumors may happen in any heart tissue. Primary tumorsstart growing  in the heart, other side the secondary tumors begin in another part of the body and move to the heart (metastasize). Primary tumors influence just one out of 1,000 to 100,000 individuals. The most widely recognized sort of primary heart tumor is myxoma, the greater part of these are benign. In most cases, the tumor develops in the left upper chamber of the heart (left atrium) at the atrial septum, which isolates the two upper chambers of the heart. Successful treatment for benign cardiac tumors is typically proficient by surgery. Primary  sarcomas of the heart are to a great degree uncommon, while secondary cardiac contribution inferable from malignancy is relatively common, particularly in the setting of across the board metastatic disease.  Malignant primary tumors incorporate pericardial mesothelioma, primary lymphoma and sarcoma. Tumors that metastasize to the heart from different organs happen 100-to 1000-cases more commonly than primary cardiac tumors. Metastatic spread to the heart has been distinguished in approximately one-fifth of all patients who have metastatic disease with lung carcinoma being the most common primary tumor. Successful treatment for primary malignant tumors  is normally accomplished by  Surgery, notwithstanding, secondary tumors less effective as total resection is ordinarily not possible. Primary cardiac lymphoma might be effectively treated by chemotherapy.


[Purpose] farther away from the housing pressing member at the time of operation, and an object thereof is to provide an electrical connector for a flexible substrate can be prevented from being contact with the contact of the flexible board failure. Configure the housing (1) is supported for a rotary movement support portion (5A) in the vicinity of the opening, and rotated by a between the pressing position on the pressing member 7 is rotating the support (5) movement, when the pressing member 7 opposite to the pressing position hayeoteul rotation, presses against a is inserted into the opening splice 3, the flexible board (F) arranged in abutment or close proximity to the resilient contact portion (4A) of the contacts (3) in being formed with a pressing portion 10 of the protruding type, the pressing member 7 when hayeoteul rotary motion to the pressing position from the open position, the pressing portion 10 moves in the insertion direction opposite to the direction of the flexible board (F) and it is pressed to the flexible board (F).


A study was conducted to develop yoghurt incorporation of different of goat milk and cow milk quality was evaluated on parameters such as protein, fat, ash, moisture, lactose, total solid and acidity. There were four treatment and each were replicated five times control (T0) was prepared by adding 100% goat milk. T1 was prepared by adding 60% goat milk,T2 was prepared by adding 70% goat milk and 30% cow milk and T3 was prepared by adding 80% goat milk and 20%cow milk. T3 was found to be the best chemical parameter average score of (3.40)for protein,(4.82) for fat,(4.54) for lactose (85.72) for moisture (0.71)for ash (14.28) for total solids (0.76)for acidity.


Similar document retrieval from the enormous volume of documents in database is a critical task. In this research work, improved information retrieval system utilising cooperative ontological based user profile construction (IIRS-COUPC) is introduced for accurate similar document retrieval. Here, cooperative ontology-based user profile (COUP) is built to take back the documents from diverse ideas that match with the user's demand. In order to make simplicity of document looking for process and merges the numerous users with identical demands, documents clustering (DC) and query clustering (QC) is accomplished in this work independently. Lastly, concept mapping (CM) is accomplished to take back the documents which matches with the user needs proficiently. The whole assessment of the current research work is accomplished in the java simulation environment from which it is shown that the current research methodologies confirms its improved performance.


This presentation will give evidence of the electron cloud phenomenon as the mechanism responsible for the pressure rises in the SPS in presence of LHC type beams. The dependence of the pressure rises on various beam characteristics such as the number of protons per bunch, the number of bunches per batch and the shape of the vacuum chambers as well as the electron current collected by a pick-up will be discussed. The results of the observed clean up i.e. "beam scrubbing" will be presented as well as the consequences of the electron cloud phenomenon on the SPS operation with the LHC nominal beam intensity. Finally, a clear effect of the bunch spacing and of the missing bunches in the batch on the pressure rises and on the pick-up signals has been observed and will be discussed.


An active air thrust bearing controlled by an Arduino board and digital valves is described. A numerical model for the complete system is developed to design the control and perform a sensitivity analysis based on geometric parameters such as the conductance of the valves. Model validation is based on experimental open-loop and closed-loop tests. The purpose of the model is to determine the range of force and air gap height in which the pad can be controlled.


This paper presents the design of Wearable Microstrip Patch Antenna at the
operating frequency of 2.4GHz. This project presents a method of applying the
combinational between wearable electronics and antennas. Textile antennas are the most
interesting research. In telecommunications, microstrip patch antenna increase in recent
years consequently textile antennas are increasingly demanding. Microstrip patch
antenna is an ideal choice for integrated into clothes using fabric substrate materials.
This project is suitable for the application of the human body. Microstrip patch antennas
have more advantages compared than conventional microwave antennas. However, the
main disadvantages are narrow bandwidth and low efficiency. Although not possible to
eliminate the total limit but there are ways to reduce these disadvantages. At the end, the
textile antenna is considered as highly valuable because can use for handy various
applications such as for military, medical, emergency services, navigation, and health
care.


Abstract In this paper, an experimental study of the heat transfer characteristics of a tube-and-fin radiator for vehicles is carried out by using an experimental optimization design technique on a wind tunnel test rig of the radiator. The regression equations of heat dissipation rate, coolant pressure drop and air pressure drop are developed. The influences of the air velocity, inlet coolant temperature and volume flowrate of coolant on heat dissipation rate, coolant pressure drop and air pressure drop are discussed in detail by means of the numerical analyses. Also, the research results provide a basis for the theoretical analysis of heat performances and structural refinement of the tube-and-fin radiator.


In the case of the feedback control system, the control mechanism can be easily confirmed through the emission of the intensity from the disturbance and the convergence of the intensity where the control force acts as in the source-sink relationship. In the feedforward control system, on the other hand, the intensities interact with the intensity vectors generated by the two forces. So, it is not easy to catch the control mechanism as simple as the feedback system. In this study, to analyze the effect and mechanism of the controller in the feedforward system, a controller that minimizes various types of power is applied to the plate. And the change in the intensity map before and after the control was confirmed. The controller used in the analysis is a controller that minimizes the kinetic energy of the plate, controller that minimizes the sound power radiated from the plate, and a controller that minimizes the input power of the plate. In addition, we analyzed the contribution and influence of each component generating the intensity element, the intensity vector of the external force and the control force, and the effect of each element on the control.


Kant's philosophy of legal right is consistent with his three books of criticism: "scientific knowledge" should find the "necessity" in "natural(relations)" while "legal right science" is supposed to find the "necessity" in the "relations",i.e.,how congenital comprehensiveness of legal right becomes possible."Legal right" is closely related to the "freedom" in Criticism of Practical Rationality.In terms of the "moral" in Criticism of Practical Rationality,the "limit" of "freedom" is based on a "supposed form" while in terms of actual "country-law",it is the relations of "legal right" between "free people"."Ontological possession" of "legal right" not only "suspends" but "guides" "phenomenal ownership"."Free people" "limit" their freedom on the foundation of "equal character" and therefore,the formed "community" is called "free coexistence".


The author undertakes the attempt to interpret traditionalism as one of the regional culture value-semantic elements and emphasizes that within the period of the Russian society active modernization reforms traditionalization is the only real way to preserve basic, fundamental, spiritual, traditional and, therefore experienced by generations, human values.


Weighting strategy is one of the necessary control strategies in automated reasoning to solve problecs within allowable time and computer memory. But, the strategy still consumes too much time since it depends soly on the user's experience and needs much of the user's manual work at each stage. This research suggests a tool which automates the weighting system to generate the weighting thesaurus and merges it to the mechanical theorem prover.


A model of a coaxial helicopter with a rigid rotor system is modified to have dual side-mounted propellers. The aircraft is simulated in trim at different flight speeds to investigate the potential benefits of the dual propellers with regard to fault tolerance and yaw control authority. At low speed, the dual propellers impact on the main rotor system actuator failure ranges is analyzed, demonstrating an increase in the allowable trim range from 25-30% in the nominal platform to 50-60% with the dual propeller configuration. Relaxation of the stall constraint for the dual propellers expands the upper rotor maximum actuator limits to the maximum geometric limit, minimum actuator limits for the lower rotor are constrained by the upper rotor stall limits. Upper rotor minimum and lower rotor maximum actuator limits are determined by tip clearance restrictions. At mid speed, the dual propellers improve the yaw control power in the 50-100 kt range and allow for a Level 1 aggressive yaw response as defined in ADS-33E. At high speed, the dual propellers provide yaw control redundancy and allow for trim when the rudder is fully deflected for nearly the entire f light envelope.


The failure modes, mechanical properties, and resistance mechanisms of beam–column substructures with welded flange-bolted web connection in the minor-axis direction under different span ratios (1:0.6, 1:1.0, 1:1.4) were compared and analyzed under the condition of progressive collapse. The beam–column substructures included three columns and two beams, and monotonic static loading tests were conducted using the alternate load path method. The test results indicated that the specimens began to fracture at the beam tension flange; and then, part of the main internal force was transferred by the bolts on the web, followed by buckling of the compression flange at the beam end. Finally, specimens were deactivated by the shear failure of bolt holes or the fracturing of the web and junction plate. The joint with a welded flange-bolted web connection was found to have high redundancy, with sufficient rotational capacity after the fracture of the tension flange. As a result of the effective pulling force between the beam and column, combined with sufficient rotation of the beam end, the remaining structure could give full play to the catenary effect, which would play a leading role in the later stage of large deformation. The deformation of the beam–column joint increased rapidly, which was conducive to the beam–column substructure to bear the load by collaboration between the beam and column. The simplified model and the numerical simulation are proved to be reliable by test results. The results of numerical simulations and analyses of anti-collapse performances of beam–column substructures under different span ratios showed that the large beam-span ratio was beneficial to the development of ultimate failure displacement of the substructure and increase the ratio of ultimate to initial failure load. The resistance provided by catenary mechanism also increased, and the short beam developed a better catenary effect than the long one.


RF-compositions including surfactants, foam stabilizers, monomers, polymers, urethanes, intermediates, metal complexes, phosphate esters as well as telomerization methods are provided.


The study probed the association between bilirubin and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and progression. A cross-sectional analysis of 28,500 middle aged and elderly Chinese participants was performed to analyze the differences of bilirubin in terms of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive or negative and the correlation between bilirubin and severity of hepatic fibrosis estimated by non-invasive indices. Bilirubin was significantly higher in the HBsAg (+) group than the HBsAg (−) group. Higher bilirubin levels were consistently associated with elevated liver fibrosis indices among HBsAg carriers. Compared with quartile 1 of total bilirubin (TBil), the multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for elevated fibrosis indices of quartile 4 were 2.24 (95% CIs, 1.57–3.21) estimated by fibrosis 4 score (FIB-4) and 2.22 (95% CIs, 1.60–3.08) estimated by aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI). In addition, direct bilirubin (DBil) had a stronger association with elevated liver fibrosis indices than did indirect bilirubin (IBil). Furthermore, the relationship between DBil and elevated fibrosis indices was more robust among participants who were female, overweight or had central fat distribution. These findings suggested that bilirubin levels, especially DBil, were independently associated with an increased risk of increased fibrosis indices.


The first chapter is an introduction made in the thesis. The notion of language is defined and it describes the level of speech analysis: acoustic, phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic. Also, it describes the most common technology for speech synthesis: formants synthesis and concatenation synthesis.The second chapter describes eSpeak, as the system for speech synthesis. This section through eight subchapters describes files, attributes, rules and other elements that must be defined when creating a new or improving an existing speech synthesis of a language. The first subchapter provides general information about the software. The second subchapter contains a list of all supported languages in the system. In the third subchapter, defines the way you create new voice files in the system and describes the attributes that can be assigned in eSpeak voice. The fourth subchapter contains an explanation of how the software defines the intonation in a language. Through the presentation of _rules and _list files, the fifth chapter describes how eSpeak converts text to phonemes. The sixth and seventh subchapter are dealing with the definition of phonemes and tables of phonemes in the system and their attributes. The last subchapter of the second subchapter provides information on using MBROLA voices in the eSpeak system.The third chapter describes eSpeakedit, an additional software that is closely related to the eSpeak, and is designed for users that improve speech synthesis for some language. Through a series of descriptions and graphics from the system, it is describing all the functionality, elements of graphical user interface and how to use the aforementioned system.
The fourth chapter presents the practical part of this thesis. Through modification of the _rules and _list files for the Croatian language, the pronunciation of the text in Croatian has been upgraded.


The paper substantiates the need of implementation of energy saving policy in Ukraine on the state level. The changes of the structure of national production, implementation of energy saving technology are mentioned as the way of the policy implementation, as this would lower dependence from oil and gas import and lead to economy stabilization and provide the conditions for energy safety of the country. The proposed method of energy efficiency increase for electric drives with use of group power supply from common feeder bars of direct current with capacity storage, as well as normalizing of traditional power quality indicators by means of AVI of PWM connected in the system input enable significant energy saving on the national scale.


ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Labyrinthine fistula (LF) is encountered during surgery for chronic otitis media (COM) with an average frequency of 7.5%. This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of coexisting complications with LF in surgery for COM. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective review of 111 consecutive cases of COM surgery performed by the same surgeon in a large metropolitan teaching public hospital in the United States serving the inner city population. RESULTS: There were 23 (21%) LFs in 111 patients. The majority of cases were revision surgery with an average of 2.6 operations per patient. Other complications were encountered in 18 (78%) of the 23 patients with an LF: 5 (22%) encephaloceles, 9 (39%) dehiscences of the tegmen, 12 (52%) patients with facial nerve involvement by cholesteatoma, and 2 (8.7%) patients with facial nerve paralysis. These patients required extensive surgery for correction of their concurrent complications. CONCLUSION: Compared with those cases in which a fistula was not found, the ratio of the above complications were as follows: encephalocele, 1:9; facial nerve involvement by cholesteatoma, 1:11.3; facial nerve paralysis, 1:3.8. SIGNIFICANCE: Patients with neglected COM have an incidence of an LF twice that reported in the literature. The prevalence of associated complications with LF requiring extensive surgery is significantly higher than that observed in noncomplicated COM cases.


Pulse excitation or vibration stimulation was imposed on the low permeable formation with cracks to enhance the production or injection capacity. During that process, a coupling of wave-induced flow and initial flow in dual-porous media was involved. Researchers had done much work on the rule of wave propagation in fractured porous media, whereas attentions on the variation law of flow in developing low permeable formation with cracks under vibration stimulation were not paid. In this study, the effect of low-frequency vibration on the seepage in dual-porous media was examined for the application of wave stimulation technology in developing reservoirs with natural cracks. A model for seepage of single-phase liquid in porous media with cracks under low-frequency vibration excitation was built by combining wave propagating theory for porous media with cracks and dual-porous media seepage mechanics. A governing equation group for the model, which was expressed by dimensionless fluid and solid displacements, was derived and solved with a numerical method. Variable physical properties were simulated to check the applicability of external low-frequency vibration load on dual-porous media and a parametric study for various vibration parameters. Stimulation of low-frequency vibration affected flow velocities of crack and rock matrix fluids. Compared with that in single-porous media, the stimulation effect on the fluid inner matrix of dual-porous media was relatively weakened. Different optimal vibration parameters were needed to increase the channeling flow between the crack and rock matrix or to only promote the flow velocity in the rock matrix. The theoretical study examines wave-coupled seepage field in fractured porous media with results that are applicable for low-frequency stimulation technology.


In this paper, anti-Gaussian quadrature rules for trigonometric polynomials
 are introduced. Special attention is paid to an even weight function on
 [-?, ?). The main properties of such quadrature rules are proved and a
 numerical method for their construction is presented. That method is based
 on relations between nodes and weights of the quadrature rule for
 trigonometric polynomials and the quadrature rule for algebraic polynomials.
 Some numerical examples are included. Also, we compare our method with other
 available methods.


For the purpose of people informing about extreme situations in the human settlement it is better to take into consideration not only maximum and minimum values of air temperature but use anticipated values obtained by mathematical interpolation of empirical curve of probability elevation.


Where animals avoid inbreeding, different mechanisms of kin discrimination can leave different 'signatures' in the patterns of observed mate relationship. For example, consider a species with no paternal care. If a female avoids mating with familiar individuals, one would expect a deficit of offspring whose parents are maternal half‐siblings, but paternal half‐siblings would be unfamiliar with each other and thus have offspring at the frequency expected by chance. If spatial cues are used to avoid inbreeding, a female would be expected to produce few offspring with males (even unrelated males) living near her birth site. We searched for these and other signatures with data from a long‐term study of banner‐tailed kangaroo rats, Dipodomys spectabilis, in Arizona, USA, using a combination of intensive censusing, mapping of available dens, microsatellite‐based parentage determination, and a randomization routine that determines the numbers of offspring expected if females in the population mate indiscriminately among the males available to them. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that kangaroo rats discriminate kin by familiarity developed via association early in life, rather than by using spatial cues or self‐referential phenotype matching. Our approach should be widely applicable as a means of assessing the degree to which kin discrimination exists (in contexts like nepotism as well as inbreeding avoidance) and in inferring what cues animals use to assess categories of relationship.


In this study, it is aimed to determine the perceptions of social studies teacher candidates regarding the topics of science, scientific research and scientists. In the study adopting the qualitative research approach, data was gathered through both the metaphor form and interviews. The study was conducted in a university located in Ankara. Ninety-two teacher candidates participated in the metaphor stage of the study; and 45 teacher candidates participated in the interview stage. It has been concluded that metaphors developed by teacher candidates do not contain any negative perception regarding the science. When the metaphor images of teacher candidates were examined, it was determined that in general, the concept of science is perceived as guiding and indispensable for life. According to the participants, scientists are perceived as enlightening, knowledgeable, curious and hardworking. With regard to the concept of scientific research, the participants have brought to the forefront that scientific studies are difficult, they require much effort, and they are systematic. In the analysis of the interview data, it was determined that the social studies teacher candidates do not have enough information about science, scientists and scientific research. In the analysis of the interview data, it was seen that teacher candidates have some incorrect information about the science, scientific research and scientists. Some recommendations were offered in the light of the findings of the study.


The invention provides a resin mulching film propping agent and a preparation method thereof. The resin mulching film propping agent comprises an aggregate, a reinforced resin film formed by mulching reinforced resin on the surface of the aggregate, a self-cleaning resin film formed by mulching self-cleaning resin on the surface of the aggregate and an interface transition layer for solving the interface problem between the reinforced resin film and the self-cleaning resin film; the reinforced resin is selected from epoxy resin and/or thermoplastic phenolic resin; and the self-cleaning resin is fluorine resin with a self-cleaning function, and the interface transition layer is made of organic fluorine modified epoxy resin. The propping agent has the characteristics of low density and high strength, and has a self-cleaning function. The method is simple and feasible, and is easy to popularize in industrialized production.


Course offerings serve those with interest in French and Francophone literature, literary theory, and criticism, as well as those with interest in studying France and French-speaking countries from an interdisciplinary perspective. As the faculty teaches exclusively in French, a thorough knowledge of the language is required. Our courses adopt a variety of approaches, including literary studies, film and media studies, social history of ideas, and the study of politics and popular culture.


The following is a review of child development literature that attempts to elucidate what early-life stress and poverty does to an individual, how it does so, and what we can do to try and prevent and/or minimize this damage. First, we provide a snap shot of the research that demonstrates that early-life experiences affect the cognitive abilities, behaviour, and health of an individual for the rest of their life. Next, we explain the mechanisms by which these long lasting stable changes occur, including toxic stress mediated dysregulation of the HPA axis and epigenetics. Finally we touch on some of the up and coming evidence that early-childhood interventions targeting education, family stress relief, and the parent-child relationship can reverse and/or prevent the negative effects of toxic stress on cognition and health.


Nano - TiO_2 surfaces were modified by chemical liquid deposition of alumina in different technical conditions. The
specimens were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X - ray diffraction and FT - IR. The wetting angle
between specimens and water were measured, and the stability of specimens in water was analyzed. Through the analysis of
TEM pictures, it is proved that a film of aluminum compound coats TiO_2 particles if the suspensions are alkaline; the alu-
minum compound exists as the form of dissociative particles if the suspensions are acidic; both of these forms increase wetting
angle between nano - TiO_2 particles and water, but the film improves the stability of nano - TiO_2 in water much more effec-
tively than the dissociative particles when it is dispersed fully.


The properties of 3D Bose–Einstein condensate have been studied with variational and numerical methods. In the variational approach, we use the super-Gaussian trial function, and it is demonstrated that this trial function is a good approach for providing the descriptions of the quantum droplets. The analytical equations for the variational parameters are obtained. The frequency of small oscillations of quantum droplets near the equilibrium position is estimated. It is also found that periodic modulation of the coupling constants leads to resonance oscillations of the quantum droplets parameters or emission of waves depending on the amplitude of the modulations. The predictions are supported by direct numerical simulation of the governing equation.


An unresolved question in network neuroscience is the quantification of reconfiguration in functional networks in response to varying cognitive demands. We propose that a mesoscopic generalizable framework would be most apt to investigate the breadth of functional (re-)configurations. We propose a 2D network morphospace using novel mesoscopic metrics, Trapping Efficiency (TE) and Exit Entropy (EE), that characterize the topology of mesoscopic structures and the flow of information within and between them. This framework captures the behavior of a reference set of functional networks (FNs) with changing mental states. We show that this morphospace is sensitive to different FNs, cognitive tasks and subjects. We propose that functional connectivity changes in FNs may be categorized into three different types of reconfigurations: i) Network Configural Breadth, ii) Task-to-Task transitional reconfiguration, and iii) Within-Task reconfiguration; and quantify the Network Configural Breadth across different tasks. In essence, we put forth a framework that can be used to explore the cognitive space in a comprehensive manner, for each individual separately, and at different levels of granularity; a tool that can also quantify the changes that result from such an exploration, as the brain switches between mental states.


Debris flows and other types of landslides are a common occurrence both naturally and following logging in Clayoquot Sound and Barkley Sound. Identifying terrain susceptible to landslides following logging and road building will be critical for ongoing forest management in the Clayoquot Sound/Barkley Sound area. An empirical approach, applied to a representative sample of logged hillslopes within a specific geographical area, is used to quantify the likelihood and frequency of postlogging landslide occurrence. For each map polygon within a sample area, terrain data including slope, slope morphology, surficial material, bedrock type, and the presence or absence of natural and post-logging landslides are recorded. Analysis of the data uses non-parametric univariate or multivariate statistical tests to identify relationships between landslide frequency or likelihood and terrain features. In this report data collected from Clayoquot Sound and Barkley Sound is analyzed and relationships between terrain features and post-logging landslide occurrence are presented.


Water quality for irrigation is evaluated for specific watercourses in the area of Vojvodina, Serbia. The classifications used to assess the usability of irrigation water of various qualities are the FAO classification, USSL classification, the classification according to Nejgebauer and the chloride classification of irrigation water. An additional assessment of the usability of irrigation water was also used and included determining the value of the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), residual sodium bi-carbonate (RSBC), magnesium content (MAR), permeability index (PI), and Kelly's ratio (KR). The overall assessment is that water analysed for the irrigation systems cannot be used because of its inappropriate effects on soil salinity. An analysis of the suitability of the phreatic aquifer for irrigation showed its inappropriate characteristics. Only a small number of water samples could be recommended for irrigation.


year he became president, serving in this capacity until his retirement in 1943. Although his time was increasingly taken up with executive and administrative duties, he maintained an active interest in the Old Testament field, and continued to teach classes as Professor and Professor Emeritus up until his present illness. In connection with his courses, he published several useful booklets: Hebrew-English Vocabulary to the Book of Genesis (with D. E. Culley), 1917, A History of the Hebrews in Outline, 1991; The Hebrew Prophet and His Message, 1992. He was keenly interested in the American Schools of Oriental Research, and served as Lecturer at the Jerusalem School through the year 1922-23. From 1921 to 1945 he represented his seminary on the Corporation of the Schools. Dr. Kelso was ordained a minister in the Presbyterian Church in 1898, and during the following years served his church in many different capacities. In recognition of his many and varied activities as scholar and clergyman, he received honorary degrees from a number of institutions, including Washington and Jefferson, the College of Wooster, and Boston University. A dignified Christian gentleman of the old school, Dr. Kelso was known for his kindliness; he dedicated his life to the training of young men for the ministry and the promotion of sound scholarship.


Multicasting is the ability to accept messages from application and deliver these messages to a multitude of requesting clients. It thus combines the strengths of unicast and broadcast communication. The paper provides an insight into the development and implementation of a multicast client module designed for video-on-demand purposes. With the help of multicast communication, the performance of the video transmission between server and clients is increased to a level where video-on-demand becomes a serious alternative to "normal" cable solutions.


This case study follows the progress of a cohort of Year 10 students as they engage in a collaborative project over five days inspired by the designer Roger Dean. It exemplifies the way in which different faculties Design and Technology, Mathematics and Science can work as one on a project where students need to combine skills from all three disciplines to solve real problems. Background information The Year 10 cohort took part in this challenge. The cohort was divided into two groups. Each group worked on the challenge for a week. Students were placed in mixed teams of 4-6 with a graphics student in each group. Between three to four groups were placed in a base room with the support of two mentors, so that one mentor could continue teaching his/her normal lessons. Each group had a laptop computer with colour printing facilities in each base room. Each laptop computer had access to the Internet via a wireless network. The workshop facilities were available through a booking system. Each group had a tray of resources. The trays held equipment and consumable items. Each base room had a central store of co loured paper. The challenge What makes a Home for Life? Brief requirements Your team has been commissioned by Roger Dean Ltd to present some design ideas for the interior of a room. This must include: models of fixtures and fittings


Anyte, a native of Tegea in Arcadia, belongs to a group of early Hellenistic poets who wrote epigrams not solely for inscriptional purposes nor as a minor art form, but to replace major genres as a sophisticated vehicle for literary expression. She is famous for her descriptive epigrams, which introduced rural or pastoral themes into the genre, and as a composer of tender epitaphs for dead animals. My discussion of Anyte's poetry attempts to relate these two topics one to the other in the course of considering how her various epigrammatic poems coexisted in an author-edited poetry book.1 Although we have no definitive evidence that Anyte issued her epigrams in book format, several factors make it reasonable to assume that she did so.2 Certain of her poems, such as the epitaph for a beached dolphin, were clearly book poetry, and her sophisticated use of language in even hermost traditional epigrams indicates a high degree of poetic self-consciousness.3 In addition, the number of epigrams preserved for us (twenty-four, of which I consider 1-20 HE to be genuine)4 suggests


This paper introduces a model for forecasting future volatility using fundamental factors. The fundamental factors include the extent to which the market's valuation deviates from its predicted value, the losses reported by companies with negative earnings, projected earnings growth rates, and Treasury Bill rates. The main result is that fundamental factors provide significant incremental explanatory for predicting volatility relative to that provided by past volatility realizations alone.  In particular, markets in which there is a large difference between current and theoretical values, markets in which there is a high aggregate amount of negative earnings reported by companies with losses, and markets with high shorter-term expected earnings growth rates should all have higher volatility. Markets with higher short-term interest rates have tighter financial conditions, and therefore should also have higher volatility. The explanatory power of fundamental factors is greatest when VIX is at moderate rather than extreme levels, so that there is no expectation of long-term mean reversion for volatility. In addition, the explanatory power of fundamental factors is greatest when the model forecasts an increase in VIX.  The overall conclusion is that forecasts of future volatility should incorporate fundamental factors.


Method for preparing a medical solution, comprising the steps of a) providing a solution comprising one or more acetylated or deacetylated amino sugar/sugars in at least one compartment of a container at a pH from 2.5 to 5.0, and b) terminal sterilisation of said at least one compartment and the contents therein, is disclosed, as well as a solution used for preparing the medical solution, a container containing said solution, and use of said solution for the manufacture of a medicament for peritoneal dialysis.


According to the requirement of the road surface crack nondestructive testing,a road surface image acquisition hardware system was designed based on single-chip computer,GPS technique and linear CCD.The problem of the external trigger control of microcontroller was solved.The real-time control for moving image in high speed was realized by using the controlling linear CCD.Meanwhile,the software system for moving image acquisition based on VC++ and MIL was also designed,including collected parameters setting,real-time display moving image,GPS signal receiving and database information storing.The system can obtain the moving images of road surface cracks and save them in computer hard disk,which provides reliable data for the subsequent image processing.The experiment results show that the system can acquire the road surface dynamic image and store a mass of image information,and that the image acquisition system gains the qualified dynamic snap image effect.


Much destruction would be caused by vibration in various natural disasters. The dynamic characteristic of sand, especially liquefaction characteristic, has been studied for a long time, while in comparison the history of the study of dynamic characteristic of silty soil is relatively short. Liquefaction is known to be caused by earthquake shaking, with the state of soil changing from solid to liquid. Silty soil is one of the engineering soils in nature of special interest, with distinct characteristics from those of sand. Silty soil has three kinds of properties, i.e., sand content, silt content and clay content, each of which has different dynamic characteristics including liquefaction characteristic. The influence is summarized of the three kinds of properties on dynamic modulus and dynamic damping. The functions of modulus and damping are also proposed. The tests have demonstrated that the dynamic characteristic of silty soil follows the general rule of non-linearity and hysteresis in soil. Liquefaction is a special issue related to the soil strength. The main methods for predicting the possibility of silt liquefaction are empirical method?SPT method?Seed method?FEM, and etc. The laboratory study is aiming at the determination of the dynamic characteristics through dynamic tests. The liquefaction characteristics of silty soils have been studied under various kinds of conditions. The influence of the clay content in silty soil is specially studied. The results of laboratory tests show that great differences exist between silty and sandy soil in response to pore water pressure. Finally, the mechanism of silt liquefaction is analyzed and the future studies about silt dynamic character are also suggested.


finding the roots of an equation which in turn allows one to draw the sought locus, i.e. to construct the problem. It is from this technical term of construction that modernity takes its 'signature'. The following sections are devoted to Descartes' mathematical 'style' by stressing the Cartesian emphasis on problems over theorems and its connection to the analytic techniques. Lachterman argues that the algebraic techniques in Descartes are ancillary to the construction of problems and that analysis is always 'in the service of a thoroughgoing constructional program'. The enquiry then proceeds by individuating the role that (a) homogeneity in the terms of an equation and (b) the 'kinematic criterion' play in the Cartesian enterprise. In particular, the 'kinematic criterion', which constrains the geometrical domain to the 'geometrical' curves to the exclusion of the 'mechanical' curves is used to support the conclusion that for Descartes 'an object owes its intelligibility to its mode of genesis (i.e. kinematic genesis), not to being somehow accessible to the intellect as ingenerated and ingenerable' (p. 172). Thus, for the Euclidean mathematician a construction makes present something that was always there, whereas for the Cartesian mathematician a construction is an act of creation. This different role of constructions is instrumental in bringing into focus the different ethos of the Euclidean and the Cartesian mathematician, where ethos refers here not to moral qualities but to the 'disparate ways (mores) and styles in which the Euclidean and the Cartesian geometer do geometry, [and] comport themselves as mathematicians both toward their students and toward the very nature of those learnable items (ta mathemata) from which their disciplined deeds take their name' (p. xi). Written in a lively and captivating style, The Ethics of Geometry is a very important contribution to the study of the relationship between philosophy and mathematics in both the classical and modern ages. Evidence drawn from philology, philosophy and the history of mathematics is used to argue for a discontinuity between the two ages. And it is easy to forecast that Lachterman's book will play a central role in any future discussion as to the exact nature of this discontinuity.


We present a machine learning approach to identifying and resolving one-anaphora. In this approach, the system first learns to distinguish different uses of instances of the word one; in the second stage, the antecedents of those instances of one that are classified as anaphoric are then determined. We evaluated our approach on written texts drawn from the informative domains of the British National Corpus (BNC), and achieved encouraging results. To our knowledge, this is the first learning-based system for the identification and resolution of one-anaphora.


Except with regard to the death penalty, the story of modern sentencing reform has not been about constitutional law. While changes in capital sentencing have been required and shaped by interpretations of the Eighth Amendment,1 most other reforms to state and federal sentenc ing systems have been legislative developments driven principally by policy considerations rather than constitutional concerns. Indeed, in numerous cases challenging various sentenc ing laws over the last half century, the Supreme Court regularly upheld a wide array of non capital sentencing systems and often stressed the considerable deference to be shown to legislative judgments in the sentencing arena.2 The Supreme Court's recent decision in Apprendi v. New Jersey3 has significantly altered this story. In Apprendi, the Court struck down a New Jersey sentencing scheme which raised a defendant's maximum possible sentence based upon a sentencing judge's finding, by a pre ponderance of the evidence, that the defendant's crime was committed with a racially biased purpose. Drawing upon ideas developed in cases from the last two terms interpreting federal statutes,4 the Supreme Court in Apprendi concluded that "it is unconstitutional for a legisla ture to remove from the jury the assessment of facts that increase the prescribed range of penalties to which a criminal defendant is exposed ... [and] such facts must be established by proof beyond a reasonable doubt."5 In short, the Apprendi Court held that the Due Process Clause requires that "[o]ther than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt."6 By establishing this constitutional limitation on the procedures attending a legislative sentencing scheme, Apprendi is indisputably a significant decision for modern sentencing reforms. However, the split 5-4 vote and the five separate opinions delivered by the Justices raise many questions about the exact scope and import of the Court's ruling. Following up our examination of sentencing procedures in Issue 12.4, FSR devotes this issue to an appraisal of the meaning and likely impact of the Supreme Court's decision in Apprendi. In this issue, leading academics provide analysis and commentary which helps bring into focus just what the Apprendi decision may entail for federal and state sentencing reform efforts. Our commen tators' examination of Apprendi also reveals that the ultimate meaning and impact of the deci sion will depend not only on the future rulings of federal and state courts, but also on the future work of legislatures and sentencing commissions.


We explain the ingredients of the International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI), which is a challenging competition for high-school students focusing on algorithmic problem solving. We treat in detail the MEDIAN task, which the authors created for IOI 2000: Given an odd number of objects, all of distinct strength, develop an efficient algorithm to determine the object of median strength, using as only operation a function that returns the median of three objects. This problem is easy to formulate and understand. It is related to well-studied standard computing problems, but further analysis of this problem leads to interesting algorithms and variations of the heap data structure. We finish by pointing out some open problems related to this task and we invite you to contribute nice competition tasks for future IOIs.


The study made an economic analysis of goat rearing among inhabitants of Ajaokuta Local Government Area of Kogi State. The study highlighted the socio economic characteristics of the respondent, described goat productivity indices, identified the reasons for rearing goat, determine the profitability of goat rearing as well as identified the determinant of the profitability of goat rearing in the study area. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection from 109respondents and analyzed with descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis and profit function. Findings showed that females (63.3%) dominated goats rearing in the study area. About 82.57% of the respondents are between 20-50 years with a mean age of 40 years and had a mean income of ₦121,605.50k per annum. All the respondent (100%) reared West African Dwarf goats. Extensive management system is mostly practiced by 63.6% of the respondent. The respondents practicing semi intensive management method (36.75%) fed their goats basically with cassava leaves and peels. Goat was reared in the study area mainly to make Profit (62.94%). The study further revealed that goat rearing is profitable with a Gross Margin estimate of ₦36,580.69 and a Benefit-Cost Ratio of 2.26:1. The cost of goat sold is the significant determinant of profitability in the study area. (P≤ 0.01). Goat rearing in the study area is on a small scale and requires less than ₦30,000 to start the business. The author therefore recommends that the inhabitants in the area who are interested in livestock production should consider goat rearing because of its cost-benefit ratio.


The plant nursery industry in Perth during the period 1829-1939 was a valuable marker of social, cultural and economic change. The growth patterns of the industry were shaped by economic development and population increases. As the plants sold by the industry could be used for either food or decoration, the gradual change of focus of the nurseries from one to the other reflected the rising standard of living in the community. Before World War II, nurserymen in Perth had frequently trained abroad or in the eastern states, and played a role in the dissemination of information about gardening through radio programmes, newspaper and journal articles and their own publications, providing a useful service to Perth residents. Nurseries were key businesses in developing some of the outer suburbs. The majority of plants in early nurseries were grown in soil beds in the open. This method necessitated the location of businesses on large blocks that could provide good soil and adequate water. Many nurserymen were involved in local government, and played a part in obtaining improved services for their communities. By providing large numbers of locally grown plants the fruit growing nurseries assisted in the development of the orchard industry in the State, and the State nursery at Hamel provided thousands of trees for commercial use and as shade and shelter trees. The retail nurseries were small, skilled family businesses. The labour-intensive methods of production and ensuing lifestyle were typical of pioneer intensive agriculture. In December 1939 the industry achieved professional status through the formation of The Nurserymen's Association of Western Australia. The era of the pioneering nurserymen had ended.


Methods:A prospective study was conducted in Ain shams Maternity Hospital, in the period between Sep '18 and Feb '19.Outcome measures:Maternal outcome measures included: Estimated blood loss, Amount of blood transfusion, Mode of delivery, Complications, pre and postoperative hemoglobin level, Postoperative fever, Postoperative wound infection, ICU admission.Neonatal outcome measures included: Neonatal weight, APGAR score, Prematurity, NICU admission, IUFD.ResultsMean age (31.82 yrs), gravidity (4.06), parity (2.71), previous CS deliveries (2.52). Other RF: EC normal(42.4%), moderately depressed (40%), severely depressed(17.6%). At 5 minutes; normal(85.9%) moderately depressed(10.6%), severely depressed(3.5%). NICU admission(22.4%). IUFD (5.9%). ConclusionPlacenta previa patients at risk of numerous maternal and neonatal morbidities, maternal morbidities include life threatening haemorrhage, caesarean hysterectomy, blood component transfusion, prolonged hospital stay and ICU admission. Neonatal morbidities include premature delivery, low birth weight, intrauterine foetal death and NICU admission.


A novel class of pH-responsive hollow poly(L-glutamic acid)/chitosan (PLGA/CS) nanogels was fabricated by a templating approach, which was mild and surfactant free, and combined with a "grafting from" method and intermacromolecular crosslinking technique. The surface grafting, crosslinking reaction, nanogel fabrication and microstructure were investigated by FTIR, 1H NMR, XRD, TGA, light scattering, and electron microscopy. The size of the resultant PLGA/CS nanogels could be accurately controlled by simply changing the size of the silica template. The nanogels responded to changes in environmental pH, elucidated according to the variation of the size of the nanogels and zeta potential at different pH values. Taking water-soluble antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone (MTX) as a model drug, the nanogels presented high loading ability at high-pH environment and rapid MTX release behavior under acidic conditions. MTT assays used to study the in vitro cytotoxicity of PLGA/CS nanogels showed a negligible cytotoxicity in mouse fibroblast L929 cells. Compared with bare MTX, MTX loaded PLGA/CS nanogels exhibited an enhanced inhibition effect to human gastric carcinoma SGC7901 cells. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis results demonstrated efficient cellular uptake of the PLGA/CS nanogels into the cells. These studies suggest that such pH-responsive PLGA/CS hollow nanogels might have great potential in controlled drug delivery systems.


Culinary tourism is a popular practice and the resulting economic activity has great potential to enhance the attractiveness of a tourist destination. When visitors search for unique and genuine gastronomic experiences in a visited area, gastronomy becomes a germane motivation for selecting a travel destination. This study addresses culinary tourism through segmentation of visitors to Trapani, Italy, concerning the importance of gastronomy in their choice of travel destinations. This study identifies three types of tourists with different degrees of interest in local gastronomy: survivors, enjoyers, and experiencers. According to the results of statistical analysis, experiencers (tourists with a great interest in local gastronomy) show the greatest appreciation for local food as well as being the group that makes the greatest economic impact in the area.


Previous research on self-change in support groups has focused on the ways individuals accomplish self-change in the "local cultures" of the support group settings. This ethnographic study of the 12-step self-help group Debtors Anonymous (DA) departs from that tradition by focusing on the ways that DA members achieve self-change by employing "recovery" techniques learned from the group in their everyday lives. DA members enter the group during financial crises, often believing they cannot manage their personal finances. By learning techniques of financial management taught by the group, DA members gradually gain "sobriety." This analysis highlights the important role played by various technologies of self-construction in DA members' recovery efforts. Drawing on narrative and governmentality theories, this analysis shows how DA members accomplish self-change by learning to become self-monitoring and selfrestrained financial managers and consumers.


Objective of the present research: to evaluate efficiency of using laminaria sticks for preparation of uterine cervix for delivery by traditional and modified method. Preparation of uterine cervix for delivery was carried out among 48 women with gestosis of mild case who have no contraindications to vaginal birth. We found out that preparation of uterine cervix for delivery with the help of laminaria sticks provides optimum level of uterine cervix maturation due to controlled and adjustable dilatation of cervical canal as the result of appearance of radial pressure owing to hygroscopity. According to out data the efficiency of preparation of uterine cervix for delivery with the help of laminaria sticks increases in case of presoaking of sticks that helps to reduce the time of stay of laminaria in cervical canal, interval between amniotomy and delivery, duration of the first stage of delivery and its total length. Thus, using laminaria sticks provides an opportunity to almost avoid complications during the period of preparation of uterine cervix for delivery, and also during delivery, postnatal and neonatal period. This is extremely important in case of obstetrical pathology (in particular, in case of gestosis), as laminaria sticks do not provoke excessive uterine contractions and as a rule do not cause fetal distress because of absence of impact on arterial pressure and uterine-placental blood flow. Discovered possibility of using hygroscopic properties of laminaria sticks at the stage of their preliminary incubation outside of the organism allows to reduce the time of their stay in cervical canal with preservation of mechanism of action, that gives new opportunities of wider use of effective, cheap and ecological natural osmotic dilatators.


Under the new capital accord stress tests are to be included in market risk regulatory capital calculations. This development necessitates a coherent and objective framework for stress testing portfolios exposed to market risk. Following recent criticism of stress testing methods our tests are conducted in the context of risk models, building on the VaR literature. First, to identify the most suitable risk models for stress testing, we apply an extensive back testing procedure that focuses on extreme market movements. We consider eight possible risk models including both conditional and unconditional models and four possible return distributions (normal, Student's t, empirical and normal mixture) applied to three heavily traded currency pairs using a sample of daily data spanning more than 20 years. Finding that risk models accommodating both volatility clustering and heavy tails are the most accurate predictors of extreme returns, we develop a corresponding model-based stress testing methodology. Our results are compared with traditional stress tests and we assess the implications for capital adequacy. On the basis of our results we conclude that the new recommendations for market risk regulatory capital calculation will have little impact on current levels of foreign exchange regulatory capital.


Background: The human effort to meet the needs of human life is almost always cause pollution in the environment of his life. One of the pollutants that harm human beings are lead (Pb = plumbum), Pb is one of the heavy metals that are harmful to health. Pb may also affect the reproductive organs. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of Pb-acetate on mouse testis weight and volumeDesign and Method: Eighty male mice placed in individual cages according to the group. Food and drink provided ad libitum. The treatment of male mice given for 6 weeks. Treatment with 0.2 ml distilled water to PI, P II were given a solution of 400 ppm Pb acetate total of 0.2 ml, P III was given a solution of 1000 ppm Pb acetate as many as 0.2 ml, and P IV were given a solution of 2000 ppm Pb acetate total of 0,2 ml by using a gastric sonde, every morning once a day for 42 days. At week 7, mice were surgery to take the testis. Testicular volume was measured and weighed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, hypothesis is accepted when p<0.05, to know the difference between the effect of treatment used the least smallest difference test.Result: The weight of the testes treated with Pb-acetate 0 ppm, 400 ppm 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm consecutive is 0.237, 0.237, 0.227 and 0.217 g, Volume testes treated with Pb acetate concentrations of 0 ppm, 400 ppm 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm consecutive is 0.278, 0.273, 0.255 and 0.263 cm3, respectively testicular volume Anova test results obtained by the probability of 0.189 (> 0.05), testis weight obtained by ANOVA test probability of 0.216 (> 0.05), mean Pb -acetate had no effect on testis weight and volume.Conclusion: Pb-acetate had no effect on testis weight and volume (Sains Medika, 3(2):150-156).


As in the whole of Western Europe, church libraries were the first historical book collections in Poland. Their establishment dates back to the adoption of Christianity in 966. The oldest are the cathedral or chapter libraries in Cracow (inventory of 1110), Gniezno, Wrocław, Poznan and Plock, all of which had been collecting manuscripts since the 11th century. The oldest Benedictine monastery libraries were also created in the 11th century, in Tyniec, Mogilno and Lubin. In modern times, the 16th century was the period of the greatest development of church libraries in Poland. This was the period of Poland's political power and the so-called 'golden age' of national literature. That same period saw the popularisation of printing, influencing the spread of the Reformation, and especially the reforms initiated by the Council of Trent.1 The 17th century wars against Sweden, the suppression of the Jesuits in 1773, and the subsequent secularisation of monasteries wrought havoc with many book collections. In 1795 Poland was finally partitioned between Austria, Prussia and Russia, so the secularisation of monastic libraries was carried out by the respective authorities. This resulted not only in the partial destruction and dispersal of these book collections, but also in their frequent relocation outside the Polish territory. During these partitions, the Catholic Church – the only independent institution on Polish soil – was concerned with preserving national cultural heritage in that it acted as a collective publisher and ran libraries. The 19th century reorganisation of the structure of Polish dioceses and the establishment of


Increasing international cooperation and interdependence are important features of the contemporary globalized world. In the present age, foreign aid is a very peculiar type of transaction in the sense that its focus is to satisfy the objectives of the donor and the recipient, which are not always the same. This paper attempts to analyse the situation of US and British aid to Pakistan's education sector. The role of international donors in the development of the education sector in Pakistan cannot be underestimated. They have been even more important for this developing country which has faced financial crises, particularly during the 1990s. These financial hardships faced by the country were mainly the outcome of the changed regional, political, as well as the geostrategic situation which also caused the change in the behaviour of international donors. It is especially true in the case of the USA and the UK where the aid to Pakistan was seriously affected by the changed situation in Afghanistan, political changes within the country, its nuclear programme and more recently the events of 9/11. This discussion reflects that the potential benefits of the aid were not reaped adequately due mainly to disruption and resumption of aid on the grounds of the geo‐political situation and strategic interests of donors.


The scaling of magnetically shielded Hall thrusters to low power is investigated through the development and fabrication of a 4-cm Hall thruster. During initial testing, the magnetically shielded miniature Hall thruster was operated at 275 V discharge voltage and 325-W discharge power. Inspection of the channel walls after testing suggests that the outer discharge channel wall was successfully shielded from high-energy ion erosion while the inner channel wall showed evidence of weaker shielding, likely due to magnetic circuit saturation. Scanning planar probe measurements taken at two locations downstream of the thruster face provided ion current density profiles. The ion current calculated by integrating these data was 1.04 A with a plume divergence half-angle of 30°. Swept retarding potential analyzer measurements taken 80-cm axially downstream of the thruster measured the most probable ion voltage to be 252 V. The total thruster efficiency was calculated from probe measurements to be 43% (anode efficiency of 59%) corresponding to a thrust of 19 mN at a specific impulse of 1870 s. Discharge channel erosion rates were found to be approximately three orders of magnitude less than unshielded Hall thrusters, suggesting the potential for a significant increase in operational life.


Globalisation has had an increasing impact on the transformation of Chinese cities ever since China adopted the open door policy in 1978. Many cities in China have been struggling with the challenges of urban regeneration created by the restructuring of the traditional economy and increasing competition between cities for resources, investment and business. The closure of docks, warehouses and industries, and the deteriorating position of traditional urban centres not only created problems but also created exceptional opportunities to reshape cities and create new functions. But this kind of process also generates a series of physical, economic and social consequences for cities to tackle. In many cases the problems exceed the capacity of the local community to adapt and respond. This paper examines a number of urban regeneration projects in Shanghai, in the hope of providing a better understanding of the process of urban regeneration in China and how best to ensure that such regeneration is sustainable. The paper reassesses the aims of regeneration, the mechanisms involved in the regeneration process and its physical, economic and social consequences, discusses how to achieve sustainable development in urban regeneration and makes recommendations for future action.


Our exchanges be marked by basic respect and civility—and by a willingness to take personal responsibility for what we say and how we say it. Physicians ought to be in the vanguard of such an Internet reformation.


The heroic age of American religious thought came to an end on March 22, 1758, when Jonathan Edwards died. It is hardly an exaggeration to say that in the next fifty years the total contribution from all American religious thinkers failed to match in spiritual discernment the work of Thomas Hooker, in energetic versatility the labors of Cotton Mather, or in philosophical acumen the books of Edwards or even Samuel Johnson.' Specifically religious thought revived in America only after the turn of the century when the Second Great Awakening called forth the same kind of theological explications, attacks, and defenses that had followed in the wake of the First. Hard on the heels of the revival


Observing that the Supreme Court has rejected Professor Fiss's constitutional arguments, this Essay argues that a group-oriented analysis of equal protection law brings one quite close to a commitment to social welfare rights, and that such a commitment could not reasonably have be expected from the U.S. Supreme Court in the second half of the last century. It argues as well that Professor Fiss seems to have recognized that the Court could not make such a commitment and structured his doctrinal recommendation in a way that implicitly sought to limit the reach of his group-oriented analysis. It concludes by wondering whether the legal community might not have been further along had Professor Fiss embraced rather than attempted to repress the connection between his analysis and a commitment to constitutionalized social