Tectonic structures of the Carpathian border in the Tarnow and Pilzno area (Polish Middle Carpathians)

To the north of the Carpathians there is a foreland basin filled with thick sequence of Miocene sediments. The outer Carpathian nappes made up of the Cretaceous and Tertiary flysch are thrust over the Miocene so that a considerable part of it is now beneath the flysch rocks. This paper discusses the relationship between the allochthonous flysch and the Miocene sediments.

THE STRATIGRAPHY AND LITHOLOGY OF THE MIOCENE
The Miocene sea transgression in the foreland of the Middle Carpathians started in the Early Badenian. The sea covered the area, intensively eroded after the Laramide Revolution, with well developed relief, at places with clearly recognizable river valleys (S. Poltowicz, 1964; A. Łapinkiewicz, H. Nowicki , 1967). The Lower Badenian (the so called "sub-evaporite series") is to be found in two sedimentary zones (Fig. 2). In the northern zone, clay stones and shales with thin intercalations of. mudstones and sandstones prevail (the Tegel facies). The thickness of these deposits seldom exceeds 50 m. In the southern zone, the Lower Badenian deposits consist of mudstones and clayey sandstones with some intercalations of claystones and shales (the Schlieren facies). The Schlieren facies is of a considerable thickness, which is likely to exceed 500 m of the Carpathians south border. Both parts of the basin are separated by an area devoid of Lower Badenian deposits and Middle Badenian evaporites (P. Karnkowski, A. Łapinkiewicz, 1965). This area is referred to as the "Rzeszow Island" (M. Komorowska-Blaszczynska, 1965). The differentiation of both zones of the Early Badenian basin resulted from their different development. The northern part was situated at the slope of a stable area, which included the South Polish Upland. Epicontinental conditions of sedimentation without any intensive movements of the basement are typical of the northern part. The southern part was situated in a mobile zone, with relatively quick subsidence of the bottom of the basin. The Middle Badenian deposits start with an "evaporite series". The evaporites of the Carpathian foreland are developed in three facies: detrital facies in the coastal zone, and sulphate and chloride facies in the central part of the basin (A. Garlicki, 1968, 1971). The thickness of the sulphate facies is rather small; it ranges from few up to twenty meters. The facies consists of anhydrite and gypsum layers, intercalated with claystones and shales. The deposits of the chloride facies are more varied as regards their lithology. One can observe here: salt (often mixed with clay material and quartz sand and intercalated with gypsum and anhydrite), gypsum and anhydrite layers, salt mudstones, salt sandstones, and claystones. After the deposition of the evaporites, the barrier that had been separating the two zones of the basin vanished and sedimentary conditions were made uniform. During the sedimentation of the younger sediments of the Middle Badenian (Chodenice beds), considerable palaeogeographical changes took place. The sea covered the whole area of the Carpathian foreland, including the "Rzeszow Island". Subsequently, there came about the sedimentation of claystones and mudstones, alternately layered with sandstones. The deposits are reminiscent of the "sub-evaporite series" underlying the salt rocks in the southern part of the Early Badenian basin. Similar sediments are to be found in large quantities in the Upper Badenian (Grabowiec beds). The lithology of the rocks of the Lower Sarmatian is similar to that of the deposits situated below. Claystones and mudstones prevail here. with sandstones. Layers of tuffites, connected genetically with rhyolite eruptions in Hungary (W. Parachoniak, 1961), are to be found in the whole profile of the Miocene, especially in the Badenian deposits. The Miocene in the area situated in the front part of the Flysch Carpathians falls into two geological units: an autochthonous one, including most of the Carpathian foreland, and an allochthonous one (Figs. 3, 4, 5). In places, the Miocene deposits occur on the flysch rocks, with which they were displaced towards the north. Between Tarnow and Pilzno, the border of the Flysch Carpathians consists of two tectonic units: of the Silesian unit built up exclusively of flysch rocks and of a complicated subsurface flysch fold. The fold is surrounded by Badenian deposits and it consitutes the front of the Skole unit. Two geological cross-sections have been made to illustrate the geological structure of the Carpathian border in the area under discussion (Figs. 4, 5). In the A—A cross-section (Fig. 4) the flysch rocks form the core of the fold. Both limbs of the fold are built up of the Badenian salt-bearing deposits. The evaporites consist of anhydrites with clay layers in the southern limb and of salt intercalated with anhydrite in the northern limb. The fold is overturned towards the north and overthrusted on autochthonous Miocene. The lower limb of the fold has been squeezed out to a great extent. An analogous situation appears in the В—В cross-section (Fig. 5). There is also a flysch core enveloped by the Miocene deposits. In the southern part of the cross section W. Porebska-Szotowa (1960) proved the presence of the Lower, Middle, and Upper Badenian. Salt-bearing rocks are here absent from the Miocene deposits. In places, however, there are no Lower Badenian deposits or evaporites. The profile starts with the Upper Badenian. Both facts prove, that the deposits were originally situated in the coastal zone of the sedimentary basin, where the chemical facies of evaporites was replaced by detritic deposits, or where there were no Lower or Middle Badenian sediments. In the next zone to the north evaporites are developed in the detrital facies. Detritic rocks are here intercalated with gypsum, anhydrite, and salt. In the central part of the basin the detrital facies is replaced by more or less pure evaporite facies. Anhydrites are interbedded with salt, what is characteristic of the transitory zone between the sulphate and chloride facies. In the В—В cross-section, there can be seen a gradual transition from the area devoid of evaporites horizon throughout the detrital facies of evaporites, up to the chemical facies.

THE PALAEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE BADENIAN AND THE SARMATIAN
A palinspastic map makes it possible to estimate the minimal width of the zone, which was originally occupied by the Miocene deposits. The stretching-out of both cross-sections in the evaporite horizon makes the width of the sedimentary zone 10—15 km. The total range of the Carpathian overthrust is, however, unknown. One can expect that it should reach 30—40 km. At this distance from the present Carpathian border, the southern limit of the Badenian-Sarmatian basin is to be looked for. The Carpathian border was then appropriately further south, as compared with its present localization. The salt basin, extended partly over the Carpathian flysch, the flysch cores of the sub-surface fold being evidence for this. Among the folded Miocene deposits in the front part of the Carpathians, there are some Lower Sarmatian deposits, and the flysch and Miocene rocks are overthrusted on the autochthonous Badenian and Lower Sarmatian deposits. The tectonic involvement of the Lower Sarmatian indicates the age of the last orogenic paroxysme as the post-Early Sarmatian one. Some geological premises in the Carpathian area indicate that the tectonic movements have occurred also in the Quaternary. The development of the valley of the Biala River between Tuchow and Tarnow also points in this direction (Fig. 7). The width of fluvial sediments in the Tuchow area ranges from 1,0 to 1,5 km, and about 5 km away from Tuchow down-river, the zone suddenly narrows to approximately 100 m. In the place where it does, there is a fault that separates the Silesian unit from the Skole unit, which fault can also be traced in the basement by means of seismic investigations. From the fault, going down-river, the Biala flows along a breach, sharply cut into the flysch rocks. The slopes of the valley are steep, unlike the gentle fall of the slopes in the area up-river from the fault (Fig. 8 ). It seems likely that the river was barred by an uplifted limb of the fault, which must have made a lake, in which there are deposited fluvial sediments of considerable thickness. After having reached the level of the edge of the fault, the river again started flowing along its ancient valley, probably antecedently cutting through flysch. The younger relief in the area north-west of the fault is proof that such must been the case.


A navigation system integrated A/V system with an audio signal discontinuousness prevention function and a control method therefor are provided to output a continuous audio signal although a guide voice is generated by distributing and outputting the guide voice and the audio signal. A navigation module(60) has geographic information, measures its own position through a GPS(Global Positioning System), and matches the position to the geographic information. The navigation module(60) sets a path to an inputted destination, matches the set path to the geographic information, and outputs the matched path. The navigation module(60) outputs a guide voice according to a position for guiding a road along the path. An audio processing unit(70) receives an audio signal, distributes the received audio signal to corresponding channels, and outputs the audio signal through speakers corresponding to the channels. The audio processing unit(70) outputs a guide voice inputted under certain control from the audio signal to the speakers corresponding to the channels. A control unit(10) controls the audio processing unit(70), and distributes and outputs the audio signal and the guide voice according to the channels.


Novel biological therapies have revolutionised the management of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) but no cure currently exists. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) immunomodulate inflammatory responses through paracrine signalling, including via secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the cell secretome. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of MSCs-derived small EVs in an antigen-induced model of arthritis (AIA). EVs isolated from MSCs cultured normoxically (21% O2, 5% CO2), hypoxically (2% O2, 5% CO2) or with a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail were applied into the AIA model. Disease pathology was assessed post-arthritis induction through swelling and histopathological analysis of synovial joint structure. Activated CD4+ T cells from healthy mice were cultured with EVs or MSCs to assess deactivation capabilities prior to application of standard EVs in vivo to assess T cell polarisation within the immune response to AIA. All EVs treatments reduced knee-joint swelling whilst only normoxic and pro-inflammatory primed EVs improved histopathological outcomes. In vitro culture with EVs did not achieve T cell deactivation. Polarisation towards CD4+ helper cells expressing IL17a (Th17) was reduced when normoxic and hypoxic EV treatments were applied in vitro. Normoxic EVs applied into the AIA model reduced Th17 polarisation and improved Th17:Treg homeostatic balance. Priming of MSCs in EV production can be applied to alter the therapeutic efficacy however normoxic EVs present the optimal strategy for broad therapeutic benefit. The varied outcomes observed in MSCs priming may promote EVs optimised for therapies targeted for specific therapeutic priorities. EVs present an effective novel technology with potential for cell-free therapeutic translation.


The study of polymer composite polymethylmethacrylic-styrene acrylonitril (PMMA-SAN)-ZnS for imaging application in scintillator was carried out by mixing 20 g PMMA and 7 g SAN in acetone with inorganic scintillation material ZnS. The aim of this research is to investigate the usage of the black-white optical film BW ASA 100 for the measurement of X-ray radiation dose Scintillation film was prepared from a mixture of the polymeric solution PMMA/SAN with ZnS in various composition of 50, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg. The polymer solution was then dried at room temperature to form a film and cut to match the size of the dosimetry film. The black white optical film was put into a light-proof envelope containing a scintillation film. Then the scintillation film together with the dosimetry film and the optical film were irradiated by X-ray of 50 kVolt for 1 second. The optical film and the sample were developed together and dried at room temperature. The measurement results showed that the optical density of the scintillation film in various composition of ZnS 50, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg were 2.17, 2.24, 2.18, 2.19 and 2.11 respectively. Meanwhile the optical density of dosimetry film and the black white optical film were 3.86 and 0.99. Observation with SEM showed an isotropic scintilation film. We concluded that the scintillation film could increase the optical density twice from the black-white optical film BW ASA 100, so this film can be used as a dosimetry film. Keywords: Polymer composite, PMMA-SAN, ZnS, Dosimetry film, Scintillator.


The development of high gradient accelerating structures is one of the leading activities of the accelerator community. In the technological research of new construction methods for these devices, high-power testing is a critical step for the verification of their viability. Recent experiments showed that accelerating cavities made from hard copper alloys, can achieve better performance as compared with soft copper ones. The results of experiments showed that welded, hard copper cavities have shown breakdown rate of $10^{-3}$/pulse/meter at a gradient of about 150 MV/m, in the X-band, a using a shaped pulse with a 150 ns flat part. We continue the design, construction, and higher power experimental tests of three cells standing wave (SW) 11.424 GHz accelerating cavities fabricated with hard CuAg alloy to study the RF breakdown physics. Our aim is to fabricate the accelerating structures with innovative technologies easier to handle and cheaper; easier for surfaces inspection; easier for data elaboration and validation of joining techniques. The choice of these new technological approaches and design methods provides also the possibility of allocating the parasitic Higher Order Mode dampers. This paper describes the design of an optimized cavity made with sectors which provides a high longitudinal shunt impedance $R_{sh}$ of the operating mode. The cavity will be fabricated by using the Tungsten Inert Gas process to realize a hard CuAg structure. Two three-cells SW X-band accelerating cavities, to be operated in the $\pi$-mode and made out of hard CuAg alloy, were already fabricated at INFN-LNF by means of clamping and welding by using the TIG approach. Finally, we also report the RF characterization and low-power RF tests of a two-halves split hard CuAg structure that will be consequently TIG welded and employed for high-gradient tests and for the study of the RF breakdown physics.


This paper investigates the impact of battery voltage monitor system accuracy on the performance of sophisticated battery control algorithms such as extended-Kalman-filter (EKF) based state-of-charge (SoC) estimation. Extensive research has been done on improving algorithm and cell model accuracy. However, there has been less focus on the effect of cell voltage measurement errors on the estimation performance in real world applications. In battery management systems (BMS), the battery stack monitor is the dedicated voltage monitoring device that monitors the cell voltages. Poor monitor accuracy can significantly impact algorithms and cell models. This paper discusses the important role of the cell voltage measurement accuracy in a quantitative manner and demonstrates that a high precision monitor system is critical to ensure accuracy of sophisticated algorithms and cell models.


Abstract While the concept of human security is sometimes dismissed in China as an irrelevant and alien "Western" concept, it has been the subject of serious academic debate – particularly in the mid-2000s, when a series of crises led to a rethinking of the nature of security in and for China. But like other theories and concepts which have been largely developed outside China, human security has been "Sinicised" to reflect Chinese contexts and preferences. In the process, the emphasis on the individual human being that is normally at the heart of human security discourses is typically replaced by a focus on the collective humankind, and Chinese analyses are often packaged together with broader understandings of non-traditional security. This results in a Chinese version of the concept where the state remains a key referent point and actor – indeed, the state is the key guarantor of human security, not a threat to it. And it is this Chinese definition, so the argument goes, that Chinese practices should be judged against, and not supposed universal definitions that in reality only reflect the history and values (and interests) of Western states.


The main contribution of this PhD thesis is: A proposal for Student Modeling based upon Cognitive Maps (CM's). Its purpose is to anticipate the effects that a teaching-learning experience will produce on a student before its delivery. Thus, this dissertation focuses on the Student Modeling from the causal-effect perspective. Also, our approach aims at predict outcomes stemmed from teaching-learning sessions delivered by Web-based Education Systems (WBES's). Wherefore in WBES's, whose lessons have several sequence strategies and options of content, our Student Model (SM) offers a proactive and adaptive support for a student-centered education.


Abstract The Internet service attributes desired by shippers were examined as well as a model that seeks to explain the intention of shippers to use Internet services in liner shipping. Using data collected from a survey of a group of shippers in Taiwan, the relationships among the constructs in the model were tested, namely: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, security and use intention. The results suggest that shippers perceive tracing to be the most important service attribute of Internet services, followed by checking for customs clearance, vessel schedules and electronic document services. The findings indicate that perceived ease of use is the major factor affecting the intention of shippers to use Internet services, and that perceived ease of use has a strong positive effect on perceived usefulness. The results also indicate that security has a positive effect on a shipper's perception of ease of use. However, the influence of security on use intention and perceived usefulness was not supported in this study. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings on the intention of shippers to use Internet services in liner shipping are discussed.


of warmth and a major lateF month storm system and cold outbreak, was a remarkable impersonator of the previous month's weather. Temperature patterns during the two months were essentially the same, highlighted by a sharp gradient from cool weather across the Intermountain West to very mild conditions in the upper Midwest. Nationally, February was somewhat drier than January, although several key patterns were similar: unsettled weather in the Northwest, sporadic showers across the South, and dryness in the mid-Atlantic region and from the Southwest to the northern Plains.


Numerical simulation is an effective tool for improving the large diameter single silicon crystal quality and reducing the preparation cost.The deflection of melt/crystal interface in Czochralski(Cz) method is a key issue for crystal quality.Owing to the high-temperature environment and in-situ observation are quite difficult,the finite element analysis was applied to research the interface shape and melt flow during the crystal growth.Using the thermal field and control parameters in this paper,we concluded that the maximum deflection of interface shape and Von Mises stress increases as the crystal length increasing and that crystal/melt interface shape and melt flow are sensitive to the pulling rate and the rotation rate of crystal and crucible.Interface with low deflection can be achieved for low pulling rate or for certain combination of crystal and crucible rotation rates.


Abstract In the moduli space $\mathcal{M}_g$ of smooth and complex irreducible projective curves of genus g, let $\mathcal{GP}_g$ be the locus of curves that do not satisfy the Gieseker-Petri theorem. Let $\mathcal{GP}^1_{g,d}$ be the subvariety of GPg formed by curves C of genus g with a pencil g1d=(V, L∈G1d(C) free of base points for which the Petri map μV:V⊗H0(C,KC⊗L−1)→H0(C,KC) is not injective. For g≥8, we construct in this work a family of irreducible plane curves of genus g with moduli $3g-4 in GP g-2.$


Studied inthis paperistheconvergence performance of three typical burst assembly mechanisms inoptical burstswitching (OBS)networks, namelythreshold-based, timer-based, andhybridassembly algorithms. Burst assembly isanimportant function implemented atedge nodesinoptical burst switching (OBS)networks. Itcan reduce theswitching burden andoverheads attheoptical layer, by aggregating multiple packets fromclient networks tocreate alarger optical burst fortransmission through theOBSnetwork. Furthermore, burst assembly designed properly canreduce theself-similarity oftraffic astraffic shaper. Themainchallenge indesigning burst assembly istobalance theseveral opposing objectives: first, increasing theburstsize; second, maintaining acceptable assembly delayintroduced during burst assembly; thirdly, reducing theself-similarity aspossible incaseofself-similar traffic. Vital parameters, suchas optical burst sizeandassembly delay, areexamined by simulations underself-similar inputtraffic witha measured WAN packet sizedistribution. Thebalance between theburst size andtheassembly delay forhybrid assembly isalsodiscussed. Theresults showthatthe assembly threshold always keeps theburst size nearthe threshold while theassembly time-limit makestheburst size scattered andevensplit into multiple peaks whenthe incoming IPpacket size isdiscrete. Inaddition, theselfsimilarity ofinput traffic haslittle impact ontheburst size andtheassembly delay forallthree mechanisms. For hybrid assembly, whenoneoftheassembly threshold and theassembly time-limit parameters isfixed, theburst size andtheassembly delay arehardtoimprove byadjusting theother parameter whengreater than acertain value.


In this paper, I introduce novel measures of technological change, based on counts of books in the field of technology and technological standardization, in an otherwise standard vector autoregressive model, to show the relative importance of unanticipated productivity shocks, technology shocks, and anticipated productivity (news) shocks, in driving macroeconomic fluctuations. The results indicate that news shocks play a more important role than technology shocks at business cycle frequencies, while in the medium- to long-run technology shocks take the lead. Unanticipated productivity shocks do not seem to be a significant source of aggregate fluctuations regardless of the forecast horizon.


A line-loss actual-measurement and positioning method based on a high-voltage electric energy meter and a system thereof belong to an intelligent grid power distribution automation field. The method and the system of the invention are characterized in that: sensor-type high-voltage electric energy meters, which are arranged on total loop points, each shunt point, each associated load point and each single-phase end point, use time synchronization technology to collect power consumption; a public network/ an ad hoc network is used to form an electric quantity data cloud systems; the collected data is calculated through a main station and the data is controlled and displayed through an operation end. Therefore, the following advantages can be realized that: line-loss actual-measurement of the line with 6 kV-35kV or a higher voltage grade can be realized; abnormal point positioning can be achieved; electric energy can be directly read, calculated and output; calculation does not substitute a resistance; line loss situation of a distribution line and changes can be real-timely and accurately grasped and an error is small; an application scope is large; fault points can be eliminated; a line loss management level can be substantially increased; management line loss can be reduced; a phenomenon of theft and leakage of electrical energy and measurement errors can be reduced; investment and construction are less, energy consumption is less and economic returns can be improved.


This paper presents the design of the robot's behavior using the imitated multiplex neurotransmitter system. The major neurotransmitters of the nervous system are Dopamine, Noradrenaline and Serotonin, which are called monoamine neurotransmitter and they are related to the motivation, behavior and feeling. The proposed system is analyzed based on Lövheim's cube of emotion and Wundt's three-dimensional theory of feeling. So, Dopamine is applied as a comfort dimension, Noradrenaline is defined as a tense dimension, Serotonin is considered as an energetic dimension. In our system, three neurotransmitters are generated in each of the different factors, and then the motivation is calculated. The robot's motivation and some external information are classified into behavior and emotion maps using Self-Organizing Map learning. Finally, the robot's behavior and emotion are decided by Markov's stochastic model. The experimental results confirm the effective outcomes by comparing the conventional model with the proposed model.


Ehretia cymosa Thon. (Family Boraginaceae) is a shrub used by inhabitants of several communities in Ghana to treat diabetes mellitus and treatment of diarrhoea in indigenous poultry species including Guinea fowls (Numida meleagris). In this study, the antihyperglycaemic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Ehretia cymosa was investigated. A 70% ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Ehretia cymosa was assessed for its in vitro anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activities by antioxidant and agar diffusion assays respectively. Antihyperglycaemic activity was investigated in vivo in Sprague Dawley rats while modulatory effects on intestinal absorption of glucose were also determined ex vivo. The extract showed a significant dose independent reduction of the fasting blood glucose level and the rat intestinal sacs had a significant decrease in glucose absorption. The extract showed strong antioxidant activity and also exhibited inhibitory activity against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, B. subtilis and S. aureus. These findings justify the folkloric use of the extract of E. cymosa as an antidiabetic medicine and as well as antibacterial agents for susceptible species.


The central theme of this issue is asymmetric threats with emphasis on the new role of the armed forces as one of several possible national responses. Asymmetric threats are not a new phenomenon. According to the literature, they are one of the oldest forms of threats, although in most cases the term asymmetric is not specifically mentioned. Asymmetry as a term referring to something that is not symmetrical or equivalent emerged later than the threats we today identify as asymmetric, and is consequently considered more modern. In reality, asymmetry is a form of threat that no one expects. It can relate to the organizational, personnel-related, and quantity-related aspects or some other aspect. It is important to note that an asymmetric threat emerges in a way that comes as a surprise. Our responses are therefore delayed, since such a threat was unexpected and we are not (yet) properly prepared to counter it. For this reason asymmetric threats are a big challenge. We can deal with them in different ways; one of them is certainly military. In asymmetric warfare, a very important effect is demonstrated with the use of minimal input, assertion of various interests – most often of an individual or group against a larger group or country – innovative approaches, and with high efficiency compared to the resistance of the target. When considering the role of the armed forces and their response to asymmetric threats, both the question and the answer to whether this should be the new role of the military are quite obvious. Asymmetric threats are a series of threats with a rich history, but it is their very innovation, effect of surprise, and inflicted damage that require a great deal of vigilance on the part of all whose fundamental mission is to ensure national security. In the past few years, Slovenia has faced various threats that could be classified as asymmetric, such as floods; ice storm; mass, group and individual illegal migration, and COVID-19. The state responded to them by activating various stakeholders, including the military. With its numerous past experiences acquired at home and abroad, the Slovenian Armed Forces has successfully joined state activities to normalize, assist in, restore and resolve the existing situation, and to provide order and security. Nevertheless, all stakeholders in the country who are involved in the efforts tackling the emerging asymmetric threats, including the Slovenian Armed Forces, are constantly faced with new challenges. These are manifested in various forms such as the need for new knowledge, other forms of cooperation, provision of specific logistical support, changes in legislation, modernization of the self-protective equipment for the employees and the efficiency of communication and other devices. In order to be better prepared and more responsive to asymmetric threats in the future, we still need to do more to face the above-mentioned challenges. There are several ways to do this. One of them is to write articles on the role of the armed forces in asymmetric threats. The authors of articles in this issue share a variety of experiences, views and ideas on how to proceed in order to be better prepared and more effective in the future.


The Potrero.co is a free classified website in order to provide agricultural services such as: Purchase / sale of horses and cattle, animal reproduction, tools and inputs, machinery and trailers, and news and information in the agricultural sector. The relevance of this research is part of the need to conduct a market survey, which recognizes the expectations of the target audience of the site, with the aim of identifying marketing strategies, which may have a positive effect on the number of visits and sales of agricultural services.


Opioids are the mainstay of the treatment of severe nociceptive pain in both children and adults. The studies in this thesis have focused on different aspects of opioid treatment in the pediatric population with special interest in morphine and ketobemidone. Ketobemidone has been in use for a long period of time but there has been very limited published data about the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this drug. The aim has been to increase the knowledge of both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of morphine and ketobemidone. In the sequence of studies the first one dealt with the pharmacokinetics of rectally administered morphine. Two different formulations of morphine were used and compared. Secondly the child's acceptance of the two formulations was examined from a pain perspective. Further on, the potency of ketobemidone in children was compared to morphine in a postoperative setting using PCA as a drug delivery system. Pharmacokinetic studies in children have been scarce despite the long time use of ketobemidone. In two studies the pharmacokinetics were explored in neonates, infants and children. From the results the following conclusions were drawn:  A morphine gel adapted for rectal use, with a higher pH than the regular saline solution, did not show any significant higher bioavailability but a tendency for an improved uptake. Bioavailability of rectally administered morphine is relatively low (about 30 %) and shows a large interindividual variability in children.  A morphine gel developed for rectal administration induces less pain in children aged 1-6 years. Most children tolerate rectal administration of morphine well when used for premedication.  The opioid ketobemidone is equipotent to morphine when used for postoperative pain treatment. The frequency of adverse effects of ketobemidone and morphine are comparable when PCA is used for postoperative pain relief in children.  The pharmacokinetic characteristics of ketobemidone administered in children older than 1 month appear to be similar to those in adults.  The elimination of ketobemidone appeared to be slower in full-term neonates compared to children older than one year of age. The analgesic effect of opioids can differ between individuals in the pediatric population to a large extent. Dose recommendations can therefore not be based solely on pharmacokinetic knowledge. The best analgesic for the patient is the one that will effectively decrease pain to a minimum or acceptable pain levels, with as little side effect as possible and without patient disagreement upon administration. List of publications This thesis is based on the following paper, referred to by Roman numerals I-V. I. Lundeberg S, Beck O, Olsson GL, Boreus LO. Rectal administration of morphine in children. Pharmacokinetic evaluation after a single-dose. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1996; 40: 445-51. II. Jylli L, Lundeberg S, Langius-Eklof A, Olsson GL. Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of ketobemidone and morphine for management of postoperative pain in children: a randomized, controlled study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2004; 48: 1256-9. III. Lundeberg S, Hatava P, Lagerkranser M, Olsson GL. Perception of pain following rectal administration of morphine in children: a comparison of a gel and a solution. Paediatr Anaesth. 2006; 16: 164-9. IV. Lundeberg S, Stephanson N, Lafolie P, Olsson GL, Stiller CO, Eksborg S. Pharmacokinetics after an intravenous single dose of the opioid ketobemidone in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2010; 54: 435-41. V. Lundeberg S, Stephanson N, Stiller CO, Eksborg S. Pharmacokinetics after a single intravenous dose of the opioid ketobemidone in neonates. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012; 56: 1026-31.


Prior studies examining imitation of exemplar solutions have produced a mixed pattern of findings with some studies indicating that exemplar imitation contributes to creative problem-solving and other studies indicating that it may inhibit creative problem-solving. In the present effort, it is argued that the effects of exemplar imitation on creative problem-solving depend on the strategies people use when working with exemplars. In the present study, people were asked to provide advertising campaigns in response to a marketing problem. Prior to starting work on this problem, manipulations were made in exemplar content. Imitation strategies used in problem-solving, for example, forward incrementation, and redefinition, were assessed. It was found that imitation strategies were strongly related to the production of higher quality, more original, and more elegant advertising campaigns. Moreover, use of these strategies was facilitated when more specific information was presented in exemplar solutions. The implications of these findings for understanding the role of imitation in creative problem-solving are discussed.


A new neural network model,in which active functions are hyperbolictangent and linearity respectively in different neurons of the network,was proposed for traffic prediction in ATM networks.Simulations of the prediction of the autoregressive traffic show that the proposed neural network has a faster convergence speed and better generalization than usual network models.


Although the study of argumentation has long held a cherished position in the communication discipline, there is still a question regarding individuals' use of various argumentative skills. This study examined the generation of arguments, refutations, rebuttals, and types of evidence during an argumentative interaction. Participants argued with trained confederates who took the opposing view on the issue of doctor-assisted suicide. Discussions were audio-taped and coded. Results indicated that people presented more refutations than arguments and overall, evidence and rebuttals were presented infrequently.


Measurements of the electrical conductivity of a 137 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 137-site simple-square screen mesh versus concentration of removed sites are reported. The new critical exponent is reported to be $t=1.38\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12$ within an estimated critical region $\ensuremath{\Delta}x\ensuremath{\sim}0.1$ about a critical percolation concentration ${x}_{c}=0.413\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$. A new effective medium theory, which includes overlap effects of adjacent removed sites, is derived, which gives $\frac{\ensuremath{\sigma}(x)}{\ensuremath{\sigma}(0)}=1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}x+\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}{x}^{2}}{2}$, in agreement with the experiment, except within the critical region.


We report on recent progress in employing the Highly Improved Staggered Quark (HISQ) action introduced by the HPQCD/UKQCD collaboration in simulations with dynamical fermions. The HISQ action is an order $a^2$ Symanzik-improved action with further suppressed taste symmetry violations. The improvement in taste symmetry is achieved by introducing Fat7 smearing of the original gauge links and reunitarization (projection to an element of U(3) or SU(3)) followed by Asq-type smearing. Major challenges for calculating the fermion force are related to the reunitarization step. We present a preliminary study of the HISQ action on two 2+1+1 flavor ensembles with the lattice spacing roughly equivalent to the MILC asqtad a=0.125 and 0.09 fm ensembles.


1. A device for ambulatory monitoring of brain activity, containing! cover fixed to the head of monitored subject; ! an electrode mounted on the head monitored subject, wherein the electrode provides a signal indicative of brain activity of the monitored subject; ! a signal processor which receives a signal output electrode, and processes the signal to output the data, wherein the signal processor secured to the monitored subject; ! display showing data output from the signal processor, wherein the display is secured to the monitored subject; and! power source mounted on a monitored subject, wherein the power source provides power electrode, a signal processor and display! wherein the monitored subject can move freely regardless of the laths, electrode, signal processor, display and power source. ! 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a communications port for transmitting data to a remote device. ! 3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a strap around the head monitored subject. ! 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the electrode is embedded in the strap. ! 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of electrodes attached to the monitored subject's head, each of the plurality of electrodes produces a signal indicative of brain activity of the monitored subject. ! 6. A method of ambulatory monitoring of brain activity, comprising the steps of! fixed cover fixed on the head of monitored subject; ! fixed electrode on the head Monitored


The principles of mathematical morphology was described,the application of the mathematical morpholo- gy on the steel strip surface defect image in filtering and edge detection were studied.Through compared with the traditional filtering methods and edge detection methods,it shows that the method of mathematical morphology based on multi-structure elements not only can effectively filter out the noise and detect the image edge including small targets,but also has strong anti-noise performance.


The purpose of the paper is to grasp the present status of well organized preschool education programs in England focused on the individual education of early childhood considering their interesting, desire, and development in order to provide the materials under the necessity of the preschool physical education program in Korea. The paper makes use of materials on the Web as well as a study of documents. The study shows that the preschool physical education program in England usually offers monthly class and the program teaches not only the physical activity but also other areas such as math, science, language, music, etc through the physical activity. In the teaching mthcd, in addition, the teacher give the students the task by level to make them think and practice by themselves instead the teacher provide the whole model. The appropriate evaluation is made after physical activities in each level. and the result and feedback are provided to teachers, parents, and the students.


Bentarsari sub-watershed is located at Brebes Regency administrative area, Central Java. This sub-watershed is surrounded by hills composed by volcanic breccia of Kumbang Formation (Tpk) and consists of sedimentary rocks at the lower part of the watershed. Volcanic breccia is the oldest rock in the watershed and appears to have a more intensive weathering process, making it more susceptible to landslides which are mostly followed by debris flow. Accordingly, the aim of this research is to conduct a laboratory scale analog modeling of debris flow event in this sub-watershed. The main materials used for modeling are moderate to completely weathered volcanic breccias to residual soils. The rainfall scenario is 50 mm/day as lower bound of heavy rain, 100 mm/day as lower bound of very heavy rain and 150 mm/day as lower bound of extreme rain. As a first step, the computer simulation is used for analyzing material movement of the model, using spherical materials with a density of 1.84 g/cm3 taken from average value of laboratory test results. The simplification process is carried out on spherical material with 4 cm and 2 cm diameter to depict moving material. The solid material volume used in the simulation is 0.07 m3 while the liquid is 0.03 m3. Then, a laboratory scale analog model has been made with a tub having dimensions of 0.5 m high, 2 m long and 1 m wide. When this analog model is tilted 50 degrees, the resulting slip plane then extends to the backward of the slope and the flowing materials move downward colliding with the previously deposited material, forming a flow which bends slightly to the left at the foot slope. The results of this research are expected to lead to a new method for modelling debris flows using analog models at laboratory scale.


Using self-determination theory, the authors tested a motivational model to explain the conditions under which rural students formulate their intentions to persist in, versus drop out of, high school. The model argues that motivational variables underlie students' intentions to drop out and that students' motivation can be either supported in the classroom by autonomy-supportive teachers or frustrated by controlling teachers. LISREL analyses of questionnaire data from 483 rural high school students showed that the provision of autonomy support within classrooms predicted students' self-determined motivation and perceived competence. These motivational resources, in turn, predicted students' intentions to persist, versus drop out, and they did so even after controlling for the effect of achievement.


Contemporary critics have opined that the vision of dystopian texts has come true about the present situation rather than about the future. In today's technologically driven world, where the gulf between speculative fiction and political reality seems to have narrowed, feminist dystopian fiction has gained immense popularity. These texts address gender ideologies and issues and often use current social conditions to demonstrate the sexism inherent in patriarchal societies. This article aims to analyse the novel Vox (2018) by American writer Christina Dalcher within the framework of feminist dystopia to highlight the unbridled nature of violence used against women and the eventual emergence of the female body as the locus of self-articulation and resistance against the dystopian authority. It also demonstrates how the novel creates a narrative space within which the feminine body is transformed from a static object of representation to a potent subject of the text.


Background: Cigarettes contained addictive substances that may have adverse effects on health, such as memory impairment. The hippocampus is a part of the brain that plays a role in regulating memory. This study aimed to compare the effects of conventional cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor on hippocampal pyramidal cells in animal models.
Method: Experimental study used 30 male Sprague Dawley white rats aged 10-12 weeks. Rats were divided into 5 groups consisting of 1 control group and 4 treatment groups and exposed to conventional cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette vapor for 2 weeks and 4 weeks. The amount of exposure given was 12 times each day. After two weeks and four weeks of exposure, rats were necropsied, the Hippocampus was processed and stained using Hematoxylin and eosin. Pyramidal cell nuclei were viewed with a biological microscope CX-33 microcamera DP2 with 400x magnification in 3 fields of view. The average number of pyknotic nucleus pyramidal cells collected was statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test.
Result: The hippocampal pyknotic pyramidal cells number in each treatment group was higher compared to the control group. A correlation was found between 2 weeks groups and 4 weeks groups of treatment. Conventional cigarette smoke groups showed higher means of pyknotic pyramidal cells than electronic cigarette vapor and were statistically significant in both 2 weeks groups and 4 weeks groups of treatment (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The type of cigarette and the duration of cigarettes exposure affects the number of pyknotic pyramidal cells. Conventional cigarette causes more significant changes than electronic cigarettes, and the exposure duration of conventional cigarettes affects pyramidal cells in the hippocampus.


The invention discloses a polyurethane heat-insulating material, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8-9% of toluene diisocyanate, 3-4% of modified polyether glycol, 0.03-0.05% of dibutyltin dilaurate, 0.5-1.5% of 1,4-butanediol, 1-2% of water, 1-2% of trimethylolpropane, 3-8% of chlorofluorocarbon, and the balance of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate.


Background / Aim. FOLFOX (5fluorouracil, folinic acid, oxaliplatin)/CapOx
 (capecitabine, oxaliplatin) plus bevacizumab and FOLFIRI (5 fluorouracil,
 folinic acid, irinotecan) plus bevacizumab are a standard treatment options
 for a first line treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC). The
 aim of this study was to compare overall response rate (ORR),
 progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the groups of
 patients with mCRC who were treated in the first line with FOLFIRI/bev
 versus FOLFOX/bev. At the same time, it was compared the safety profile in
 observed groups of patients and investigated optimal treatment duration and
 characteristics of patients who had the best treatment outcomes. Methods. In
 a retrospective-prospective study, patients with mCRC were treated with a
 chemotherapy protocols for the first line in combination with bevacizumab
 (FOLFOX/bev, respectively, FOLFIRI/bev). Treatment efficacy was evaluated on
 the basis of overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS)
 and overall survival (OS), and the safety of treatment was evaluated by
 monitoring adverse drug reactions. Results. ORR was 70% in the FOLFIRI/bev
 group and 50% in the FOLFOX/bev group. Median PFS for FOLFIRI/bev (n = 30)
 and for FOLFOX/bev (n = 30) was 15.6 months and 12.1 months respectively
 (HR, 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-1.53; P = 0.5591). Median OS
 for FOLFIRI/bev and for FOLFOX/bev was 24.7 months and 19.9 months
 respectively (HR, 0.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37-1.23; P = 0.1552).
 In both patient groups, the patients who received more than 9 cycles of
 induction therapy had better treatment response in comparison with patients
 who received less than 9 cycles of therapy. In FOLFOX/bev group PFS was 16.9
 versus 9.7 months and OS was 22.1 versus 17.6 months respectively. In
 FOLFIRI/bev group PFS was 9 months for patients who received less than 9
 cycles of therapy versus 18.8 months for patients who received more than 9
 cycles, OS was 18.0 versus 27.7 respectively. The adverse drug reactions
 grade 3 and 4 were 7% in the FOLFIRI/bev group versus 27% in the FOLFOX/bev
 group. Conclusion. Patients who received FOLFIRI/bev had better ORR (70 %
 versus 50 %), PFS (15.6 versus 12.1 months) and OS (24.7 versus 19.9
 months). In both patient groups, better treatment response had the patients
 who received induction therapy for 4-6 months (more than 9 cycles of
 therapy).


ABSTRACT Citizen's income is an idea that is currently gaining ground in many parts of the world. The prospect of disappearing jobs and social exclusion that the globalized world faces has given the idea of guaranteed income a new urgency. This article is a pilot sociological study of the citizen's income discussion in post-socialist Estonia. The article is based on qualitative research: interviews with experts from different fields and an analysis of print media. Four systematic approaches to citizen's income are differentiated in the paper. We analyze the views on the idea in order to explore their significance for the Estonian economic status quo and welfare state.


Many Americans struggle to pay prescription drug costs today, despite access to health care being an intrinsic human right. Americans pay the highest drug prices for prescription drugs in the entire world, but why?  Does a life-saving drug benefit a consumer if one is not able to afford it?


This article aims to make a study of the human figure paintings by 174 students aged 7-25 with congenital visual impairment,through an analysis of their works of art.The results show the following: by using painting tools which could give tactual feedback,the students with total blindness,functional blindness,and low vision were all able to participate in the painting activity and had good painting potentials.As they grew older,the students with congenital visual impairment passed three stages in doing human figure paintings: scribbling, transitional painting and regular figure painting,which agrees with the laws of human figure painting by children,though at a relatively slow pace.


Data mining is the process of extracting hidden interesting patterns from massive database. In terms of science, this industry is 'information rich' yet 'knowledge poor'. However, data mining with its various analytical tools and techniques plays a major role in reducing the use of cumbersome tests used on patients to detect a disease. This paper highlights the various data mining techniques used for predicting swine flu disease. IndexTerms Data mining, swine flu prediction.


Research on the online political practices of young people is closely linked to the concepts of audiences and citizenship. The body of literature has focused on formal political practices targeting young internet users, and contributes to clarify our understanding of digital divides, the reclaiming of space and novel conceptions of that which is "political".


SUMMARY (1) More species of water-striders colonized lakes each year than were reproductively successful. Reproductive success of common species could be predicted from proportion of various habitats present, but success of rare species was not predictable from any linear combination of five variables thought to influence gerrid population dynamics. Habitat diversity and gerrid species diversity were not correlated. (2) A dominant species, Gerris pingreensis, was able to exclude other species from bulrush habitats which were the most stable and favourable for growth of all species. The niche of G. pingreensis was included within that of G. buenoi and G. comatus; populations of the latter two species showed best reproductive success in non-bulrush habitats with emergent and floating vegetation, respectively, but occupied bulrush habitats in the absence of G. pingreensis. (3) Apparently few gerrid populations were in equilibrium which may account for the persistence of two rare species in central British Columbia. Under such conditions, strength of habitat preference seems to vary inversely with vagility of the species considered. SUMMARY (1) More species of water-striders colonized lakes each year than were reproductively successful. Reproductive success of common species could be predicted from proportion of various habitats present, but success of rare species was not predictable from any linear combination of five variables thought to influence gerrid population dynamics. Habitat diversity and gerrid species diversity were not correlated. (2) A dominant species, Gerris pingreensis, was able to exclude other species from bulrush habitats which were the most stable and favourable for growth of all species. The niche of G. pingreensis was included within that of G. buenoi and G. comatus; populations of the latter two species showed best reproductive success in non-bulrush habitats with emergent and floating vegetation, respectively, but occupied bulrush habitats in the absence of G. pingreensis. (3) Apparently few gerrid populations were in equilibrium which may account for the persistence of two rare species in central British Columbia. Under such conditions, strength of habitat preference seems to vary inversely with vagility of the species considered. SUMMARY (1) More species of water-striders colonized lakes each year than were reproductively successful. Reproductive success of common species could be predicted from proportion of various habitats present, but success of rare species was not predictable from any linear combination of five variables thought to influence gerrid population dynamics. Habitat diversity and gerrid species diversity were not correlated. (2) A dominant species, Gerris pingreensis, was able to exclude other species from bulrush habitats which were the most stable and favourable for growth of all species. The niche of G. pingreensis was included within that of G. buenoi and G. comatus; populations of the latter two species showed best reproductive success in non-bulrush habitats with emergent and floating vegetation, respectively, but occupied bulrush habitats in the absence of G. pingreensis. (3) Apparently few gerrid populations were in equilibrium which may account for the persistence of two rare species in central British Columbia. Under such conditions, strength of habitat preference seems to vary inversely with vagility of the species considered. SUMMARY (1) More species of water-striders colonized lakes each year than were reproductively successful. Reproductive success of common species could be predicted from proportion of various habitats present, but success of rare species was not predictable from any linear combination of five variables thought to influence gerrid population dynamics. Habitat diversity and gerrid species diversity were not correlated. (2) A dominant species, Gerris pingreensis, was able to exclude other species from bulrush habitats which were the most stable and favourable for growth of all species. The niche of G. pingreensis was included within that of G. buenoi and G. comatus; populations of the latter two species showed best reproductive success in non-bulrush habitats with emergent and floating vegetation, respectively, but occupied bulrush habitats in the absence of G. pingreensis. (3) Apparently few gerrid populations were in equilibrium which may account for the persistence of two rare species in central British Columbia. Under such conditions, strength of habitat preference seems to vary inversely with vagility of the species considered.


Early detection of causal relationships between drugs and their associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can prevent harmful consequences or even deaths. Rare ADRs cannot be detected by pre-marketing clinical trials due to limitations in their size and duration. Existing postmarketing surveillance methods mainly rely on spontaneous reporting which is limited by severe underreporting (<10 percentage reporting rate), latency and inconsistency. In this paper, we propose to identify potential ADRs from electronic medical records which are accessible now in many hospitals. Specifically, we created a new interestingness measure, exclusive causal-leverage, based on a computational, fuzzy recognition-primed decision (RPD) model[1]. This measure extends our previous measure, called causal-leverage, and can more effectively reduce the effects of background noises in the data. On the basis of this new measure, a data mining algorithm was developed and tested on real patient data retrieved from the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Detroit, Michigan. The retrieved data included 16,206 patients (15,605 male, 601 female). Experimental results showed that two known ADRs (i.e. hyperpotassemia and cough) associated with drug enalapril were ranked as 3 and 21, respectively, among all the 3,954 potential ADRs (ICD-9 codes) in our database.


In this paper, a self-adaptive impulsive mixed synchronization of fractional order compound dynamical network is researched. Firstly, according to the generalized Barbalat's Lemma, we gained some synchronization guidelines of self-adaptive impulsive mixed control. Then the whole network can be forced to certain desired synchronous state by adaptive impulsive hybrid control strategy. Secondly taking the fractional order Chen chaotic systems as the network nodes and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by numerical simulation. Finally, the effect about fractional order variation of the synchronization speed is investigated.


The number of markets and street markets in the municipality of Belem/PA has been multiplying in an enhanced manner. These have very particular training and functioning dynamics, often presenting terrible working conditions with few or no hygiene and safety. The objective of the research was to identify risk agents in the activities developed by workers at the Ver-o-Peso Complex, Belem/PA, using the Preliminary Hazard Analysis technique. Bibliographic review and site visits were carried out during October 2020. In total, 27 potential hazards associated with different activities developed by workers were identified. These hazards are related to physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and mechanical risk agents or accidents. The origin of the risks found comes from different elements of the work process, such as: materials, equipment, acoustic and thermal comfort, installations and lighting. The biological risk was the greatest risk potential for local workers. Physical and chemical risks and most ergonomic and mechanical agents or accidents have moderate risk potential. It revealed the need for investments by the government, aimed at training and qualifying local workers, in addition to improvements in the physical structure of the complex.


Objective: Pathological complete response rate (pCR), ypT0/is ypN0, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) varies in each molecular subtype of breast cancer, being lower in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) tumors. The objective of this study is to analyze the pathological response rate (PR) only in the breast, only in the axilla or the pCR, correlating with the molecular subtypes. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of stage II and III patients undergoing NAC between 2013 and 2020 at the Oncology and Mastology Service of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte – MG (SCMBH). This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of SCMBH with the number 3,787,212 complying with Resolution 196/96 of the National Council for Ethics in Research. Results: In all, 209 patients were selected with a mean age of 50.6 years; 22.0% were T2, 35.9% were T3, and 42.1% were T4; 17.2% were pre-NAC cN0 and 82.7% were cN+. Patients were divided into group A, RH+, with 147 patients (70.3%), and group B, HER2+ and TN, with 62 patients (29.7%). When comparing PR only in the breast, RH+ patients had a better result (4.8% versus 1.6%); as well as PR only in the axilla, 37.4% against 29.0%. When subdividing group A into RH+/HER2− and RH+/HER2+, the former presented better results in the breast (4.3% X 0%) and in the axilla (60.9% X 55.6%). Conclusion: Achieving pCR is not the only goal of NAC. Other benefits include the possibility of breast and axilla-conserving surgery. The study demonstrated good PR results in both the breast and the axilla in group A and in the RH+/HER2− subgroup. These responses allow for a less morbid surgical treatment, both aesthetically and because of the risk of lymphedema. The data presented provide a compelling rationale for the use of NAC in a molecular subtype considered to be relatively resistant to chemotherapy.


Preface. 1. What Exactly Are Autism Spectrum Disorders? 2. What Should I Look For? 3. The Early Diagnostic Process. 4. Early Intervention Is Your Child's Best Hope for the Future. 5. Working with Your Child at Home. Epilogue. Appendix A. Diagnostic Criteria for Autistic Disorder. Appendix B. Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT). Notes. Resources. About the Authors. Index.


The Mayor of Harrogate Councillor Nick Brown and the Mayoress Linda Brown unveiled a brown historic plaque at Stray Towers on Saturday 4 June 2016. ...


Clonogenic cultures from 27 lung cancers were realised. For 68% of cases a clonogenic growth was observed, but no direct correlation could be done with the differentiation of the tumor or with the presence of ganglion metastases. EGF in medium increased the number of colonies obtained in 60% of cases.


Wireless communications are a fast growing part of the telecommunication market. While new types of traffic and challenges related to the wireless medium are appearing, the methodologies for designing system architectures substantially remain the same. Under the increasing pressure of market, users, and physical medium issues, designers are in need for new approaches. Cross Layer becomes, then, a handy solution for coping with such problems. In fact, it allows both tighter optimizations of the existing functionalities, and the introduction of new ones that do not fit within the traditional protocol stack design methodology. However, Cross Layer also carries a risk due to possibly unexpected and undesired effects. In this chapter, the authors provide architecture designers with a set of guidelines synthesized from an analysis of the state of the art, but enriched with the perspective of the development of future generations of communication systems such as Cognitive Radio.


Recently, a new severe disease has been reported in the Salento area (Apulia region, southern Italy) in the multimillennial olive agro-ecosystem, given the common name "olive quick decline syndrome" (OQDS). Together with Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca, some pathogenic fungi such as Phaeoacremonium spp. have been found associated with the disease. The main predisposing factors to the disease seem to be local cultivar susceptibility, depletion of some micronutrients in the soil that could be related to some agronomical practices favoring the depletion of soil fertility, an incorrect pruning cycle, climatic changes that result in increased soil waterlogging, and frost and drought events. The possible synergistic action of microorganisms other than X. f. subsp. pauca cannot be excluded. The features characterizing the areas where OQDS first appeared and subsequently spread, described and discussed here, would point to a rather fragile environment where one or more adverse climatic and/or edaphic factors could have acted together. The intrinsic peculiarities and management of the Salento olive agro-ecosystem could also have played a fundamental role in enhancing the virulence of X. f. subsp. pauca once introduced from abroad.


My brother when he was a child, the oldest, got to have vision therapy at a little optometrist's office. My mother and I would sit there and watch him go through his therapy, and I always thought it looked like so much fun. So, watching him I was jealous that he got to do it, and I didn't.


In this study, we show that Shariah certification leads to risk-reduction benefits. Shariah-compliant firms are negatively related to firm risk; and tolerate lower risk than non-Shariah-complaint firms. This evidence is in line with Shariah principles that prohibit controversial business activities and uncertainties. In brief, excessive risk-taking is discouraged. Therefore, Shariah-compliant firms need to be selective in making investment decisions. We further find that the negative relation applies particularly to Shariah-compliant firms that managed to retain their Shariah-compliant status in the subsequent reviews. This implies that these firms consistently maintain lower level of risk to retain their Shariah status. In terms of the corporate policies, we do not find evidence that Shariah-complaint firms employ conservative financial and operating leverages to mitigate their firm risk. Instead, Shariah-compliant firms emphasize on capital expenditures that lead to lower firm risk. Taken together, our results recommend that Shariah-screening process can be a significant mechanism to mitigate excessive risk.


Sensory ganglia from 7-8 day chick embryos were exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) or direct current(DC) in order to correlate stimulation of neurite outgrowth with current density as a function of field geometry. Growth scores were obtained on ganglia growing in the inner and outer rings of 50 mm culture dishes. Control cultures and cultures treated with nerve growth factor served as standards. In PEMF experiments with the coil pair oriented horizontally, no correlation was observed between ganglia growth and current density in contrast to our previous findings with the coils oriented vertically. Comparison of current density for vertical and horizontal coils driven identically suggests a dose-saturation effect for the induced current with a threshold at approximately 0.4 uA/cm2. Application of DC elicited significantly greater growth as a function of location with current density levels above 9 nA/cm2. Interestingly, the total charge input for PEMF and DC stimulation was nearly identical, 1...


University student projects experience high turnover, resulting in a loss of knowledge and experience. Turnover leads to increased project risk, development delays, and loss of institutional knowledge. These issues are particularly relevant for systems engineering teams as the discipline requires a broad range of competencies and expertise. This paper presents an experience report of a case study with results that suggest that it is possible to provide undergraduate students with a foundational body of SysEng knowledge using mission analysis as a learning platform. This activity can be completed within one semester and allows the undergrad students to continue learning independently.


W rejonie Weglinca - Żar stwierdzono wystepowanie spągowych osadow cechsztynu w facji redukcyjnej i utlenionej. Wyrozniono typy genetyczne skal oraz określono związek mineralizacji z paleogeografią weny i z określonymi mikrofacjami i środowiskami fizykochemicznymi. Stwierdzono wystepowanie margli cynkonośnych oraz podano wstepną interpretacje środowiska powstania tego typu osadow. POLYMETALLIC MINERALIZATION OF BASAL ZECHSTEIN ROCKS IN THE WĘGLINIEC - ŻARY AREA In basal Werra sections of the western part of the North-Sudetic Depression and southern part of the Żary Pericline (Fig. 1), the lithostratigraphic subdivision of which was given elsewhere (S. Oszczepalski, 1978), the following microfacies were differentiated: sandstones, marls, clay pelmicrites, clay micrites and micrites laminated with terrigenic material, micrites and sparites (Fig. 3). During the first phase of the Zechstein sedimentation, the microfacies development of sediments and the differentiation in geochemical facies and polymetallic mineralization has been determined by paleorelief of sedimentary reservoir floor. The Ilowa morphological treshold (J. Krason, 1964) was the main paleogeographic element in this area. A Zechstein Limestone barrier, corresponding to the oxidated zone (Fig. 1, see A Rydzewski, 1978), originated at that treshold From the beginning of the Werra, this barrier zone has· been separating nearshore zone of the North-Sudetic Depression and fore-barrier zone of the Żary Pericline. Microfacies features of carbonate Werra deposits from the Wegliniec area (Figs. I, 3), the wealth of algal structures (Table I, Figs. 6, 7, Table III, fig. 16), the presence of the Nodosaria-Agathammina assemblage as well as sulfides and dolomite show that these deposits have been originating in shallow-water lagoons, under the conditions eX low hydrodynamic regime and steadily increasing salinity of marine water (see T.M. Peryt, 1978a). The studied mineralization is related to bituminous rocks and it is characterized by predominance of sphalerite and pyrite on galena and copper sulfides, the wealth of marcasite, the bulk a sulfides dispersed throughout the rock, and marked traces of diagenetic and hydrogenetic processes. Vertical zonality in distribution of ore minerals is marked by the presence of chalcopyrite-pyrite-marcasite paragenesis in sandstones, the sphalerite-chalcopyrite-galena in marls, and the pyrite in overlaying rocks (Fig. 4). The drillings made in southern part of the Żary Pericline showed that mineralization of the pyrite-marcasite type is mainly related to tectonic and diagenetic structures. Zinc-bearing marls represent reducing facies, typical of Werra lagoonal zones fairly distant from the area of oxidated facies. High content of bituminous matter, structural-textural features of dispersed ore minerals and environmental features show that these sulfides originated in sedimentary environment characterized by high salinity of marine water, high pH and low Eh (Fig. 5), that is under conditions unfavourable for precipitation of copper sulfides (C. Haranczyk, 1972; J. Rentzsch, 1974; W. Jung, G. Knitzschke, 1976).


Mobile touch-screen devices are increasingly being used as part of the daily practices of health practitioners [1,12]. This is particularly so for Speech and Language Therapists (SLTs). There is a wide variety of apps available for use as therapy tools, although there is a scarcity of research examining their efficacy. As a result there has been a growth of online content, namely blogs, where SLTs share their knowledge and experience of using apps as therapy tools, compiling their own resources. We analysed the content of these blogs using a grounded theory approach to gain insights into SLTs' appropriation of both apps and blogs. Our findings indicate tensions surrounding the use of these technologies—tensions that are pervasive across other health care professions and contexts—and develop recommendations to ameliorate these tensions in the design of future apps.


Implementation of an energy management curriculum involves cooperative efforts among students, faculty, and local industry engineers. Two successful initiatives have occurred. The first focuses upon committing an entire class to one industrial site. On site instruction regarding thermodynamics, system analyses, mass transfer, plant operations and energy economics is followed by focused data collection and analyses. Students become cognizant of real world engineering and are expected to contribute toward improved site energy management. The host industry supports community/university relations, previews cooperative education students, and occasionally, adopts class generated cost avoidance ideas.


Objectives: Pelargonium roseum belongs to the family of Geraniales. Recent reports indicate that the essential oil of this plant can inhibit the experimentally induced paw and ear edema in laboratory animals. On the other hand, in some countries phenytoin is formulated as an accelerator of wound healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of essential oil of Pelargonium roseum in comparison with phenytoin after surgical trauma on rat's skin. Methods: For this purpose, 4 full-thickness skin excision were induced on the back of 60 female Wistar rats by punching. Then these animals were divided into 6 groups randomly. The first and second groups were determined as Pelargonium-treated groups, third and fourth groups as phenytoin-treated groups, and fifth and sixth groups as control. Duration of treatment was 21 days. The wounds in first, third and fifth groups were photographed daily for histometrical study and finally analyzed with scion image software. In second, fourth and sixth groups in order to do the histopathological study in days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21, two rats of each group were sampled randomly and then these rats were eliminated.Results:Groups that were treated with the essential oil, showed the best healing from the point of view of wound contraction, inflammation, re-epithelialization, fibroplasia, neovascularization, collagenization and maturation of connective tissue. On the other hand phenytoin showed the worst healing. The differences were statistically significant.Conclusion:In full-thickness skin excisions, The essential oil of Pelargonium roseum accelerates healing process and phenytoin has an inhibitory effect on this process.


The main characteristics of a carbon isotope 'event' associated with a glaciation and mass extinctions of biota in the latest Ordovician have been well demonstrated during a few last years (Marshall et al., 1997; etc.). Also Estonian material (brachiopod shells, kerogen) was involved, but due to complications of local geology only a generalized 613C curve could be constructed. Below we present the data obtained by analysing bulk carbonate rock samples from drill cores and the stratotype of the Hirnantian Porkuni Stage, with the aim to establish a continuous carbon isotope curve through the uppermost Ordovician of Estonia.


Tannase, so called Tannin Acyl Hydrolase (TAH) (E.C.184.108.40.206) is one of the versatile biocatalyst with several industrial applications. It is solely responsible for the degradation of hydrolysable tannin thus surpassing the untoward effects of high concentration of tannin consumption in the gut of small ruminants. In the locality of Palampur the migratory goats and sheep have the unique property to resist excess amount of tannin consumed by them. This is because of their ruminal microflora. The concept of ruminal microflora can be used as Direct Fed Microbial (DFM) gaining momentum now-a-days. Thus in the present study attempts were made to explore new source of tannase producing microbes from the rumen of goats and sheep. Rumen samples were collected over several places of Palampur, then processed and finally the most tannin tolerable cultures were selected. Their genomic DNA were isolated and subjected for 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the isolates. From the molecular characterization we identified Klebsiella sp. as a novel source of tannase from the rumen of these migratory animals. This is the first report of a Klebsiella sp. from the rumen of migratory small ruminants capable of degrading forage tannin.


This paper proposed a novel antenna for ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) near-field applications with uniform distribution of the electric field along the x-axis (Ex), and the y-axis (Ey). The proposed antenna adopted a spiral structure to achieve broadband and multi-polarization. The novel antenna achieved good impedance matching within 860–960 MHz. Using a ground plate, the proposed antenna achieved low far-field gain and a maximum gain of less than −11 dBi. The component of the excited electric field Ex and Ey parallel to the antenna surface was uniformly distributed, and there was no zero point. The proposed antenna achieved a 100% read rate of tags parallel to its surface in the reading area of 150 mm × 150 mm × 220 mm. Simulation results were consistent with the results of real-world measurements, and the proposed antenna was suitable as a reader antenna in near-field applications. The polarization mode of RFID tags is mostly linear polarization, and the placement of tags in practical applications is diversified. Compared with the traditional RFID reader antenna, the proposed antenna achieves uniform electric field distribution parallel to the antenna surface, but the single-direction electric field has zero-reading points, which is easy to cause the misread of tags. The RFID tags can be read more accurately. To verify the scalability of the reading area of the spiral antenna unit, it was used for array design, and simulations were conducted using 1 × 2, 2 × 2, 1 × 4, and 2 × 4 arrays. The component distribution of the electric field excited by the four array antennas in the x and y directions was uniform and the reading area was controllable. Therefore, the proposed spiral antenna has the expandability of the reading area and can meet the needs of different application scenarios by changing the number of array units. With the array extension, the matching network also extends, and the impedance characteristics of the array antenna are somewhat different, but they also meet the application requirements.


This paper introduces a hardware and software implementation method about universal programmer for M68HC08 MCU based on the baseboard-adapter scheme.This programmer is innovative because of the usage of a new-style programmable oscillator LTC6903,which makes variable accurate frequency controlled by program.


Marx's critique of political economy contains his critique in view of wealth.The critique is mainly reflected in practice of wealth creation and social history of view of wealth:in the former,wealth creation is human practice which is the unity of subject and object in practice;and in the latter,the view of wealth is the unity of material content and form of society in the essence.Marx reveals that the essence of wealth is the absolute play of creative genius of human on the basis of the unity of practical and historical critique.Marx's critique in view of wealth reflects the revolutionary significance in the history of economics and strong contemporary value.


This paper is concerned with the optimum design of plates with ortho tropic layers under shear. The plates considered are the laminates of N orthotropic layers whose principal material axes coincide with the plate axes. Each layer is assumed to have the same thickness and an equal number of fibers in the direction of +α i and —α i with respect to the plate axis. The fiber directions which give the highest shear buckling stress are found by utilizing a mathematical optimization technique.


ABSTRACT Learning the physiology of the cardiovascular system can be difficult for students, but the use of active teaching methodologies can help and enhance learning. To facilitate the understanding of how the cardiovascular system works, we built a functional model for Veterinary Medicine students attending a cardiovascular physiology lecture and evaluated their self-reported perceptions of how well they learned. We used simple materials to construct the cardiovascular model, such as bottles of transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET), transparent tubing, rubber balloons, and rubber pears taken from aneroid manometers. Twenty-four veterinary students attended a traditional cardiovascular physiology lecture before being introduced to the functional model. Each student then filled out a structured questionnaire that assessed their learning perception. The data was analyzed by chi-squared (χ2) test. We observed that most students considered the use of the model to be a more efficient and satisfactory learning method (p < 0.05). The functional model proved to be a useful tool for learning cardiovascular system physiology. Through the model, the students were able to visualise the way that important structures function, an outcome that is often not possible in classes involving animal vivisections. Moreover, the model facilitates the teaching of the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system.


We apply the parallel-in-time method to the transient simulation of power delivery networks with nonlinear load models. With adaptive Newton-Raphson iterations, the parallel-in-time method achieves considerable speedup compared to the general sequential solver.


This research had as objective the identification of risk factors for smoking in adolescent girls and preventive intervention in a school environment. Smoking in adolescents is a problem that involves the area of public health and the educational system.
Was the peformed of a single survey to 43 adolescents between 13 and 16 years of age. The risk factors for the consumption present different parameters: on a personal level, identified the younger which began to smoke was 10 years.
Among the purposes of personal change, need to develop their capacity for decision was expressed in greater proportion who had some consumption. Need to strengthen their self-confidence not found significant differences.....


Blunt neck trauma is fairly commonly encountered in otolaryngology practice. However, hyoid bone fracture (HBF) secondary to blunt trauma is an uncommon condition.' The patient's history, mechanism of injury, and physical examination are important sources of information in the evaluation ofneck injuries. Imaging studies are required for making the diagnosis of HBF. A case of isolated HBF secondary to sports trauma is presented.


We review some aspects of financial dollarization in Russia, applying the main relevant theories to analyse the dynamics of several dollarization indicators. An econometric model of the short-run dynamics of deposit and loan dollarization is estimated for the last decade. We find that ruble appreciation was the main driver of the de-dollarization that occurred then and of the later episode of renewed dollarization. We estimate the overall (and sectoral) currency mismatches of the Russian economy. Evidence is presented for the significant currency risk vulnerability of the non-banking private sector.


This paper investigates the ideologies embedded in landscape images used in contemporary automobile advertisements. Automobile advertisements are a critical force in constructing a complex relationship between humans and landscape, particularly as type-cast landscapes are consistently used to sell the automobile (especially the wilderness and the pastoral). Through decoding contemporary automobile advertisements, key cultural factors that contribute to the public's understanding of landscape are revealed. Through employing the principle of adjacent attraction—linking a product with meaning—we can begin to understand the power of seemingly benign images in constructing our notions of individuality, freedom, happiness and place. The advertisements take previously worked on images (landscape images that have already captured the hearts and imaginations of the American public) to sell a product. For example, contemporary images of the wilderness use and build upon the long history of American representations of the sublime, such as the Hudson River School paintings and Ansel Adams photographs. The pastoral landscape represents the safe and harmonious ground in-between the wilderness and the city and the suburban landscapes reinvigorate the American dream. The city in contemporary advertisements often appears as a lifeless, architectural backdrop. Each one of these landscape constructs creatively and successfully masks the real social and environmental repercussions of living in a high-tech, industrial age. An examination of the images and their embedded meaning will help dispel the myths propagated by the advertising industry and encourage environmental designers and citizens to take a more active role in creating and telling our complex and diverse cultural stories.


Recent years have seen ministries of foreign affairs (MFAs) adopt a strategic approach to their digital communications. As part of this approach, MFAs create narratives, or frames, through which digital publics can make sense of events shaping their world. Scholars such as Ben O'Loughlin, Alister Miskimmon and Laura Roselle argue that narratives are powerful as they shape people's expectations about the world, influence people's behavior and reduce anxiety about where the world is headed. The Cold War was a strategic narrative that helped people make sense of rapidly changing events. This narrative stated that the world was comprised of two ideological blocks that competed with one another over global hegemony. It was through this narrative that events such as the Spring of Prague, or the Cuban Missile Crisis, could be explained.


In this paper, we introduce a Monte Carlo simulation method based on distributed learning automata for solving the stochastic shortest path problem. We give an iterative stochastic algorithm that find the minimum expected value of set of random variables representing cost of paths in a stochastic graph by taking sufficient samples from them. In the given algorithm, the sample size is determined dynamically as the algorithm proceeds. It is shown that when the total sample size tends to infinity, the proposed algorithm finds the shortest path. In this algorithm, at each instant, distributed learning automata determine which edges to be sampled. This reduces the unnecessary sampling from the edges which don't seem to be on the shortest path and thus reduces the overall sampling size. A new method of proof (different from [1, 2]) is used to prove the convergence of the proposed algorithm. The simulations conducted confirm the theory.


Author(s): Kousser, Thad; Romero, Mindy; Lockhart, Mackenzie; Hill, Seth; Merolla, Jennifer | Abstract: In April 2020, how did Californians of all demographic groups want to cast their ballots during the COVID-19 pandemic, what changes to the electoral process would they support during this critical moment, and how would reforms made in 2020 reshape our state's electorate in the future? We address these questions by analyzing a statewide survey of a diverse sample of 12,276 eligible voters (adult citizens) conducted April 8-22, 2020. As a whole, California's eligible voters plan to vote by mail more than ever before in November 2020. Voting by mail is the method that gives them the most confidence in the integrity of election results, and they are strongly supportive of policies that expand access to voting by mail. The level of support for voting by mail differs across California's diverse racial and ethnic groups. Consistent with past studies, our survey found that Latino and African-American eligible voters are generally less likely to prefer this method of voting than non-Latino whites and Asian Americans. It will be important to consider the potentially disparate impacts that any election administration changes could bring and to conduct broad outreach efforts. When presented with scientific projections predicting a fall peak in the impact of COVID-19, eligible voters were even more likely to prefer voting by mail and to express concerns about waiting in line or working at a polling place that did not adhere to social distancing protocols. Specifying a set of social distancing guidelines for in-person voting resolved these concerns for many eligible voters of all types.


A new algorithm named wavelet transform weighted modular PCA is proposed for face recognition. Firstly, the training images and the testing image are preprocessed with wavelet transform and the LL band and the LH/HL average band are divided into sub-images with the same size. Secondly, the prospective classify contribution of each sub-model of the two bands are computed. Thirdly, each sub-image of the two bands of the testing image is projected to its corresponding subspace and the confidence values with each image are obtained. Finally, the two confidence values with each image are added with a weight and the total confidence value is obtained to classify the testing image. Experimental results show that the recognition rate of the proposed algorithm is about 4%-6% superior to traditional methods.


The main aim of this thesis is to propose an easy-to-apply tool to assess the level of damage of a structure in which one compartment is subjected to blast loading. This compartment is extracted from the structure accounting for the interaction with the part of the structure surrounding the loaded compartment, which is assumed to be elastic. Before studying the whole frame structure, the structural elements (i.e. the beam and its adjacent columns) are firstly studied separately taking into account the lateral restraint and mass offered by the indirectly affected part (IAP) of the structure. Secondly, the dynamic behaviour of a simple compartment made of pinned members and laterally braced is investigated. The material laws are assumed to be elastic-perfectly plastic, neglecting the effect of strain rate on the yield strength. The out-of-plane instabilities of the structural members are disregarded. Two analytical models are developed to predict the dynamic response of the frame beam subjected to blast loading, including the elastic lateral restraint and inertia offered by the IAP of the structure, the development of nonlinear membrane action (P − δ effect) and also, the interaction between bending moment and axial force in the plastic hinges. The first model is based on a single degree of freedom (SDOF model) which is the transverse mid-span deflection of the beam while the second model is a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) model which also includes the axial elongation of the beam. The accuracy of these two loworder models is assessed with finite element simulations. This validation stage shows that the proposed low-order models capture the physics of the problem in most cases of practical interest. Concerning the columns, an analytical model is proposed to assess its dynamic response under constant axial compressive load and lateral blast loading. It accounts for large displacement (P − δ effect), bending moment-axial force (M-N) plastic interaction as well as its interaction with the indirectly affected part (IAP) of the structure. This model is non-smooth piecewise linear and involves two degrees of freedoms (2 DOFs) in each regime of the motion of the column (related to the possibilities of development of plastic hinges). Subsequent to a parametric study, it is demonstrated that a good correlation is found between the results provided by the analytical model and a richer FEM model, despite some little discrepancies observed for some intermediate values of stiffness of the lateral restraint and lateral mass. As a possible improvement, adjustments to the analytical model are suggested. Finally, the dynamic behaviour of a simple frame under constant compressive loads and lateral blast loading is studied with a last 2-DOF analytical model. A multi-layer model of the cross-section of the beam is used to derive the bending moment-axial force (M-N) plastic interaction instead of the Lescouarc'h formula and normality rule. The coupling between the beam and the adjacent columns is ensured through appropriate boundary conditions. For the studied frame, two blast scenarios are contemplated, the first one corresponds to a quasi-static blast loading while the second one refers to a dynamic blast loading. The first


AbstractConstruction disputes can be instigated by several factors that are interrelated. Past studies on dispute causal factors mainly focused on examining individual factors without revealing the...


The wind being a most promising renewable energy, has become a strong contender for fossil fuels. Optimizing the blade pitch angle of a wind turbine is important to obtain the maximum power output, as the other variables are considered to be uncontrollable. In this paper an effort has been made to compare performances of three different optimization algorithms namely Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Artificial bee colony (ABC) and cuckoo search (CS) for optimizing the blade pitch angle and hence optimize the power output of a 1.5 MW capacity, pitch regulated, three-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine operating at a large wind farm in central dry zone of Karnataka. The objective function development is done using Artificial Neural Network. The CS algorithm is found to be faster and more efficient as compared to ABC and PSO for the problem under consideration.


Thank you very much for reading griots at war. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this griots at war, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer. griots at war is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the griots at war is universally compatible with any devices to read.


. It is proved that the projective model structure of the category of topologically enriched diagrams of topological spaces over a locally contractible topologically enriched small category is Quillen equivalent to the standard Quillen model structure of topological spaces. We give a geometric interpretation of this fact in directed homotopy.


In this paper we will focus on color problems which occur if we utilize MSR as an image processing technique, and propose a modified Luminance Based MSR (LB_MSR) algorithm. There are two novelties in our algorithm. Firstly, we only process the luminance channel which is obtained by principal component analysis (PCA). PCA provides orthogonality between channels, thus allow the color to remain stable despite the modification of luminance. Secondly, we just add the convolution results of different scales instead of multiplying the convolution results of each color value and the different scale Gaussian. In this way, the color noise in the shadow/dark areas can be suppressed.


A three-dimensional experimental technique based on axial tomography is demonstrated in this study for the Rayleigh-Benard convection problem. The technique can perform under severe blockage conditions and with a small number of projections. The major requirement of the technique is an adequate initial guess of the field and the use of an iterative inversion algorithm. In this study, five views are used to study the steady-state natural convection inside a three-dimensional rectangular cavity filled with water at Ra=5470 [plus minus] 100 and Ra = 6140 [plus minus] 100. The reconstructed results are estimated to be accurate with a standard deviation of about 0.01[degree]C. The temperature measurements show strong three-dimensional features in the flow.


A review of the writings of Joseph Farrell and Carl Shapiro suggest directions they may take antitrust enforcement as chief economists at the Federal Trade Commission and the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice, respectively.


The test section of an electric‐arc shock tube was used to explore the dependence of microwave breakdown behavior on elevated gas temperature. Special diagnostic techniques included microwave interferometry and a flat‐plate ion density probe. Results for air, nitrogen, and argon are in agreement with the proposed theory, and the importance of the nitrogen molecule in explaining the air data is established in the context of the theoretical model.


The content of CO2 and/or H2S is so high even to the supercritical state in some sour gas wells in the northeastern Sichuan basin.The volume of CO2 and H2S only expand abruptly when returning very close to the wellhead in the annulus,which often induces blowouts.In this paper the corresponding mathematical model has been established and a software program developed based on the analysis of the special phase behavior of supercritical CO2 and H2S.And the annular temperature field,pressure field,compressibility factor and volumetric expansion in critical sour gas wells have been simulated.The results indicate that there is enough time to warn overflows in conventional deep gas wells,while there is hardly sufficient time to warn gas overflows in sour gas wells due to the abrupt expansion of sour gas in the upper annulus.So the monitoring of instantaneous flow rate of drilling fluid in annulus should be stressed during drilling of sour gas wells in order to detect the overflow as early as possible to ensure safe drilling.


......................................................................................... 32 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 33 Materials and Methods................................................................................................ 36 Results............................................................................................ 40 Discussion....................................................................................... 44 Reference.................................................................................................................... 61 Chapter III Role of Trichomes in Defense against Herbivores: Comparison of Herbivore Response to Woolly and Hairless Trichome Mutants in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Abstract........................................................................................................................ 67 Introductions................................................................................................................. 69........................................................................................................................ 67 Introductions................................................................................................................. 69.