This article analyzes the system developed within Europe, more precisely within the European Union through European Community law, to address the security-sensitive issues involved in the export of hardware, software, and knowledge for the purpose of space activities and major space applications. The subject is introduced with reference to the far better known export control developments within the United States, such as those concerning International Traffic in Arms Regulations, and the international understandings under the Missile Technology Control Regime and Wassenaar Arrangement. European Community Regulations for export controls provide for a complex system of balances between national sovereignty and Europe-wide harmonization. This European Community regime, though ultimately still dependent upon individual state's sovereign controls, establishes an interesting measure of international harmonization in security-sensitive export controls. Although the European Community regime is fraught with many complexities, it manages to avoid some of the pitfalls evident in the United States and international regimes, notably the confusing discussions on discerning weaponry proper from other space items with dual-use potential. This is the result mainly of an approach characterized by a primary intention to harmonize, rather than to apply strict controls per se, resulting in a transparency and consistency that are not only valuable to commercial entrepreneurs, but also to those concerned primarily with the security risks posed by the international space industry. As for the space industry in particular, it is helpful that the European Community regime specifically carves out civil space activities, for example if conducted within the context of the European Space Agency or national space agency activities.


Abstract The direct α-amination of carbonyl compounds using organocatalysts represents a powerful and atom-economical tool for asymmetric C–N bond formation. We describe a complete account of α-functionalization of carbonyl compounds, through iterative sequential α-aminoxylation/amination using electrophilic O and N sources, as well as sequential α-amination/HWE reaction for enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of both syn- and anti-1,3-aminoalcohols and 1,3-diamines. Additionally this protocol is further extended for the easy construction of alkaloids such as indolizidine, pyrrolizidine, and quinolizidine fused-ring systems just by tuning the chain length of the aldehyde used as a starting material. This methodology provides further scope to extrapolate it for a variety of naturally occurring hydroxylated monocyclic and fused bicyclic pyrrolidine and piperidine based alkaloids such as lentiginosine, epi-lentiginosine, dihydroxypyrrolizidine, (+)-deoxoprosophylline and (–)-deoxoprosopinine alkaloids. Furthermore, we have also uncovered proline-catalyzed anti-selectivity for the synthesis of 1,2-amino alcohols in α-amination of aldehyde and one-pot indium-mediated Barbier type allylation of α-hydrazino aldehydes to accomplish the total synthesis of clavaminols, sphinganine and spisulosine with reduced number of steps and with high overall yields. 1 Introduction 2 Application in the Total Synthesis of Alkaloids 3 Conclusion


The rainwater collected in the area and partial rainwater discharged from Fushan are used as landscape water in Luxin Changchun Garden.The rainwater quality is stabilized after a period of time.COD and SS are 100 to 200 mg/L and 500 to 1 000 mg/L respectively.After treated by sedimenta-tion and filtration/artificial ecosystem,the lake water quality meets the waterscape criteria specified in the Reuse of Urban Recycling Water ― Water Quality Standard for Scenic Environment Use(GB/T 18921-2002).The project operation for two years shows that the efficiency is good,and the social,economic and environmental benefits are significant.


561 Background: Mutations in breast cancer gene 1 and 2(BRCA1/2) account for 50% of the familial aggregation of breast and ovarian cancer. About one third of the mutations are of unknown pathogenetic relevance (unclassified variants, UCV). We recently identified RAD51C as a third high penetrance gene (Meindl et al., 2010). Like BRCA1/2, RAD51C is also involved in homologous recombination repair (HRR) in response to DNA double strand breaks. It has recently been shown that cells with HRR deficiency are sensitive to synthetic lethality mediated by PARP inhibition. Under the assumption that further high risk genes may exist which acts through the HRR pathway we aimed to develop a reliable functional test system which allows the evaluation of HRR deficiency in heterozygous carriers.

METHODS
We included eight carriers of a pathogenic BRCA2 mutation, two carriers of a pathogenic RAD51C mutation and nine healthy controls as well as seven BRCA2 UCV carriers. Patient and control lymphocytes were γ-irradiated in G2 phase to introduce DNA-DSB. For the assessment of HRR capacity, metaphase chromosomes were stained by multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (M-FISH). Chromosomal translocations and breakages were counted per mitosis and referred to total chromosomal number. The aberration frequency of BRCA2 and RAD51C carriers versus the controls was compared.

RESULTS
Lymphocytes from BRCA2 and RAD51C pathogenic mutation carriers versus controls showed a mean aberration frequency of 2.51±0.36 (standard deviation, SD) and 2.7±0.25 (SD), respectively, versus 1.4±0.44 (SD) chromosomal aberrations per metaphase with no overlap (p-value <0.001; Student's t-test). Seven patients carrying an UCV in BRCA2 could be allocated to either the pathogenic or the control group.

CONCLUSIONS
Our test system allows the detection of HRR deficiency in heterozygous lymphocytes of BRCA2 and RAD51C gene mutation carriers and is currently evaluated in BRCA1 positive cases. The assay may enable the identification of HRR deficiency irrespective of the underlying gene defect and may also serve as a biomarker for sensitivity to PARP inhibition.


Herein, the low symmetric 9,9'-(C 12 H 25 ) 2 -fluorene substituted corrole monomer and its bridged dimer are reported. The electronic structure investigation was carried out to confirm the electronic influence of 9,9'-(C 12 H 25 ) 2 -fluorene unit for corrole monomer and dimer. Solvent-dependent spectroscopic investigation explained the possible inner NH tautomerism.


l, 1′Azobis[3-methyl-2-phenyl-lH-imidazo(l, 2-a)pyridinium] dibromide, AH 8165, produced a competitive neuromuscular block in the mouse, chick, cat, dog and monkey. The paralysis was characterized by a very rapid onset of action and in all species except the monkey, by a short duration of action comparable to that of suxa-methonium. In the monkey, the effect of AH 8165 was more persistent but was shorter than that obtained with gallamine or pancuronium. The neuromuscular block induced by AH 8165 was rapidly and completely reversed by neostigmine. Fully effective neuromuscular blocking doses of AH 8165 produced no adverse effects on blood pressure or the electrocardiogram; at much higher doses AH 8165 caused a fall in blood pressure due to a ganglion blocking action. AH 8165 did not release histamine. It is considered that AH 8165 has advantages over existing neuromuscular blocking agents and merits detailed study in clinical trial.


Availability of carbohydrate as a substrate for the muscle and central nervous system is critical for the performance of both intermittent high‐intensity work and prolonged aerobic exercise. Therefore, strategies that promote carbohydrate availability, such as ingesting carbohydrate before, during and after exercise, are critical for the performance of many sports and a key component of current sports nutrition guidelines. Guidelines for daily carbohydrate intakes have evolved from the "one size fits all" recommendation for a high‐carbohydrate diets to an individualized approach to fuel needs based on the athlete's body size and exercise program. More recently, it has been suggested that athletes should train with low carbohydrate stores but restore fuel availability for competition ("train low, compete high"), based on observations that the intracellular signaling pathways underpinning adaptations to training are enhanced when exercise is undertaken with low glycogen stores. The present literature is limited to studies of "twice a day" training (low glycogen for the second session) or withholding carbohydrate intake during training sessions. Despite increasing the muscle adaptive response and reducing the reliance on carbohydrate utilization during exercise, there is no clear evidence that these strategies enhance exercise performance. Further studies on dietary periodization strategies, especially those mimicking real‐life athletic practices, are needed.


In a time of low unemployment, high workforce participation and an aging
population, the ability to attract competent employees and retain them in
organisations has become a major imperative to ensure that the organisation
has the capacity for innovation. Although it is argued that for firms to survive,
they need to innovate; many employers, particularly those in rural and
regional communities are grappling to recruit sufficient employees to simply
function let alone to develop their innovation capacity. This paper reports on
research undertaken in regional Australia investigating innovative approaches
to employee attraction and retention. The findings emphasise that regions and
the employers within them need to work together with their communities and
all levels of government to improve the attraction and retention of employees.
From this research, it is clear that any approach to addressing skills shortages
must involve assessing and addressing the particular problems of each
community.


In order to establish an accurate model of human knee joint, which lays a foundation for the follow-up finite element analysis of knee joint and biomechanics analysis, the paper based on the theory of biomechanics and MRI, with the help of professional modeling software, provides a 3D geometric model modeling and materialization processing method of knee joint, and established a total knee joint model including femur, tibia, fibular, meniscus, cartilage, ligament and other related structures.


Abstract Distributed widely in North Wales, especially in Anglesey (where some of the best examples are to be found), cloddiau (or clawddai) are an often unrecognized component of the North Waleian agricultural landscape. This is largely due to the decline in the care and management of these traditional boundaries in favour of the greater flexibility offered by 'wire' stock fencing. Landscape survey work currently being undertaken in Anglesey has highlighted the range and condition of these features and the extent to which they influence field and ultimately landscape patterns.


We evaluate several publicly available off-the-shelf (commercial and research) automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems across diverse dialogue domains (in US-English). Our evaluation is aimed at non-experts with limited experience in speech recognition. Our goal is not only to compare a variety of ASR systems on several diverse data sets but also to measure how much ASR technology has advanced since our previous large-scale evaluations on the same data sets. Our results show that the performance of each speech recognizer can vary significantly depending on the domain. Furthermore, despite major recent progress in ASR technology, current state-of-the-art speech recognizers perform poorly in domains that require special vocabulary and language models, and under noisy conditions. We expect that our evaluation will prove useful to ASR consumers and dialogue system designers.


This study was focused on the impacts of firm heterogeneity and political risks of destination countries on China's OFDI firms. A sample of 538 Chinese manufacturing firms investing in ASEAN countries are investigated from year 2005 to year 2013. Factors indicating firm heterogeneity as total assets, sectors of investment, location, operating experience, OFDI experience and export status are applied, while factors as political stability and government effectiveness of destination countries are applied, and economic environment as openness, market size, level of affluence of residents and labor size of destination countries are used as control variables. Findings show that assets level is an important factor for OFDI firms' performance, and China's OFDI firms investing in ASEAN countries have presented a risk preference.


Making data-driven decisions is becoming more important for organizations faced with confusing and often contradictory information available to them from their operating environment. This article examines one college of business' journey of developing a data-driven decision-making mindset within its undergraduate curriculum. Lessons learned may be of use to other institutions of higher education that are implementing courses with business intelligence (BI) and business analytics (BA) content to provide students with the knowledge and skills they need to excel in a challenging career environment.


Mysticism is one of those concepts that defies exact definition and historically has caused suspicion in religion because the appeal to privileged access to the divine perspective has seemed to encourage the unpredictable and subversive. Mysticism and schism are closely linked in the history of Judaism and Christianity. For example, the mystical communion with the divine led to antinomianism in both Sabbatianism and the radical religion of English Protestantism at roughly the same time in the seventeenth century, though, of course, mysticism and conventional religion could be found together. The apprehension of divine wisdom by means of vision or revelation which is beyond normal human perception well describes the religion of the apocalypses of Judaism and Christianity. The central role that prophecy played within early Christianity is evident from virtually every document in the New Testament.Keywords: early Christianity; human perception; mysticism; New Testament


The implementation of machine learning classifiers in embedded devices poses significant challenges in terms of power consumption. In some classifiers, like for example the $k$ nearest neighbors ($k$NNs), the memory accounts for a significant portion of power dissipation and thus, utilizing approximate memories is an attractive option to reduce it. In this paper, the use of approximate memories to implement kNNs classifiers is considered. Efficient schemes that reduce the impact of the errors introduced by the approximate memories on the classification result are proposed and evaluated. The results show that power dissipation of memory can be reduced by 43.75% (24.77%) when using SRAMs (DRAMs), while having a negligible impact on the classifier accuracy.


The values of the Hartree-Fock (HF) and Generalized Valence Bond (GVB) Theories of molecular structure are considered by theoretical investigations of the MnO_4^-, TiO, TiCO, and TiCO^+ molecules. Results of these calculations are used in determining the nature of the bonding in these compounds. From the ideas generated, extensions are made to other oxygen and carbonyl transition metal compounds. The conclusion is reached that GVB theory provides more information but is limited to small model compounds. In larger, real compounds, HF theory must be used.


With the rapid increase of small devices and its usage, a better suitable security providing mechanism must be incorported keeping the resource constraints of the
devices in mind. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) serves the best and highly suitable for wireless sensor Networks (WSN) in providing security because of its smaller key size and its high strength of security against Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP) than any other public-Key Cryptographic Systems. But there is a scope to reduce key calculation time to meet the potential appli-
cations, without compromising in level of security in particular for wireless sensor networks. Scalar Multiplication is the costliest operation among the operations in Elliptic Curve Cryptography which takes 80% of key calculation time on WSN motes. This research proposes an algorithm based on Booth's Encoding Pattern,
o®ering minimal Hamming Weight and signi¯cantly reduces the computational cost of scalar multiplication. Simulation results has proved that the Booth's en-coded pattern performs better over the existing techniques if there are atleast 46% number of 1's in the key on an average.


The parking application service at the University of Muhammadiyah Gresik is an update from the previous system. Of course, this application requires a system that is practical, efficient, and also has good data storage security. One of the references that can be used that these things have been fulfilled in this application is an analysis using ISO 9241-11. The purpose of this study was to analyze the application of UMG parking for the feasibility of ISO 9241-11. Analytical research methods used include determining clauses, checklists, Likert scales, maturity levels, and fishbone diagrams. Clause, checklist use for getting assessment based on the park system, then from that result will be used to get the qualification of this system with liket scale in each clause of this standard, and assessment of all clause with likert scale , the result of level quality assurance of this system will be found. Next the using fishbone diagram can analyze to get the root cause of clause dan quality assurance in ISO 9241-11. Because that , with this study we can know the qualification and the root cause of park system. And the analysis using that tool, this system still not suitable to use ISO 9241-11. The parent of root cause is in efficiency clause in organitation like less costing and planning.


In the pursuit of realizing sub-10 nm transistor channel lengths in homogenous and heterostructured materials, nanoscale defects and hetero-interfaces can significantly impact the formation of alloyed metal contacts conventionally used in CMOS devices. We utilize in-situ transmission electron microscopy to unveil new observations on the detailed formation of such alloys and interfaces at an atomic scale by capturing single nucleation events during the reaction of Ni with Si, Ge and Ge/Si core/shell nanowires and assess their resultant transistor performance. We then utilized the NiSi reaction to develop a novel heterogeneous integration process for III-V semiconductors on planar and patterned Ni electrodes in a fab-compatible process. We demonstrate the operation of the first InGaAs FinFETs on Si.


INTRODUCTION
Improvements in steadiness with practice have been associated with enhanced performance on a functional task in old adults.

PURPOSE
The aims of the study were to examine the specificity of the association between steadiness and a functional task and to assess the influence of practicing a functional task on force steadiness of hand muscles.

METHODS
Twenty-three older adults (≥70 yr) participated in the study and were assigned to either a practice group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 8). Subjects completed two testing sessions that were 2 wk apart. The practice group completed six additional sessions to practice a functional task (Grooved Pegboard). Tests included maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), force steadiness (precision pinch and index finger abduction) at three target forces (5%, 15%, and 25% MVC), and the Grooved Pegboard test. The associations between strength, steadiness, and the time needed to complete the Grooved Pegboard test were examined. In addition, MVC force, steadiness, and pegboard time were compared between the two testing sessions.

RESULTS
The time needed to complete the Grooved Pegboard test was associated with index finger abduction steadiness for two of the three target forces (15% and 25% MVC) but was not associated with pinch steadiness. Practice significantly reduced the time needed to complete the Grooved Pegboard test and improved steadiness in both tasks.

CONCLUSIONS
Force steadiness provides an appropriate index of hand function, especially when measured at low forces.


Quantum-cascade lasers operating at λ≈3.9μm at room temperature with narrow w≈5μm ridge widths are described. The lateral confinement due to the narrow ridge is similar to the vertical confinement and the resulting beam is circular in cross section with a single TM00 spatial mode. The beam divergence is 46° both parallel and perpendicular to the surface. The beam quality factor along the slow axis is about M2=1.6. The narrow ridges also increase the relative lateral heat dissipation from the active region, resulting in a thermal conductance per unit area of about Gth=380WK−1cm−2 for a 3mm long laser. Maximum average power is obtained with duty cycles between 10% and 30%; in spite of the very narrow ridge, the total average power with thermoelectric cooling exceeds 60mW with a peak power of 460mW. The circularly symmetric beam with very good beam quality suggests essentially zero astigmatism and indicates that these narrow-ridge quantum-cascade lasers are well suited for applications in midinfrared spectro...


ABSTRACT THE apparent coefficient of friction of wheat on a corrugated metal surface at various combinations of lateral grain pressure and grain to surface velocity has been determined. These values are compared to the coefficients determined on smooth surfaces and for grain-on-grain conditions. Coefficients of friction for all surfaces were found to be dependent on both lateral grain pressure and relative grain velocity. Frictional forces for corrugated surfaces appear to be a combination of grain-on-grain and grain-on-metal friction.


The I-V characteristics of MIM capacitors tend to be asymmetrical. However, the I-V characteristics of MIM capacitors can sometimes be symmetrical because of two different mechanisms: Mechanism A and Mechanism B. For high-k MIM capacitors with ultrathin high-k dielectric, Mechanism B is the more likely mechanism.


Objective To compare patellofemoral comtact ratio of parella and explore the correlation of the lateral and medial patellofemoral contact ratio on patellar cartilage surface,as well as prosthesis design of the patellofemoral joint.Methods Five fresh cadaver knees with WibergⅡ patellae were mounted on Instron 8501 so that life-like force of weight-bearing was simulated the kinematitical process from standing to high flexion.The lateral and medial patellofemoral contact ratio on patellar cartilage surface was determined and the location of patellofemoral contact ratio has measured in five flexion degrees of every knee with Fuji pressure sensitive film.Results The lateral patellofemoral contact ratio was statistically larger than medial contact ratio(P0.01).When knee was flexed from 20°to 60°,the lateral patellofemoral contact ratio was larger than 2 times or 3 times of medial contact ratio.Conclusions When developing Chinese patellar prosthesis design,the morphological characters of patellar cartilage surface and kinematical value in Chinese should be taken into account.


This study aims to describe, analyze, and interpret the implementation of the Panulan waterfall destination development policy in the Talaud Islands Regency which is focused on the development plan, the potential, community response, and its determinants. The research method uses a qualitative approach and research instruments are the researchers themselves assisted with assistive devices such as Digital Cameras, Mobile Phones, Tape Recorder. Primary data sources are informants who were determined purposively. Data analysis techniques using steps, namely: data reduction, data display, and Verification and Conclusions. The results showed that the local government of the Talaud Islands regency already had a plan to develop Panulan Waterfall tourist destination which was integrated or integrated with the Regional Tourism Development Master Plan (RIPPARDA), with reference to or based on the Regional Development Master Plan. Panulan Waterfall has a very prospective potential or has a very big opportunity to be developed due to its charming appeal, clear water, not yet contaminated with various pollutants, its water flow is quite heavy with uninterrupted water sources during the dry season and attracts tourists to visiting, especially natural attractions. In principle, the community is very respectful and supportive of this plan. The determinants for the implementation of the Panulan waterfall destination development policy are the availability of policies or legislation specifically regulating tourism as a juridical guideline for implementing a national tourism business, coordinating the local government, the Culture and Tourism office. as a technical service with other agencies / SKPD in Talaud Islands Regency and with other stakeholders, commitment and consistency in running the programs that have been prepared, as well as the availability of funds to finance programs and activities as well as public support and government officials who will determine the implementation of the program.


and holistic reasoning Multidisciplinary approach to learning Voracious reading Access to extensive and diverse resources Source: Southeastern Virginia (SEVA) Council for Gifted Administrators, 2012


While in patients with tropical sprue the typical bulky fatty stools are obvious, it may only be necessary to determine the fat distribution in a simple sample to confirm the gross failure of absorption. In mild cases of sprue and in most cases of non-tropical steatorrhoea and coeliac disease, a single fat analysis may be inconclusive. It is then necessary to carry out a fat-balance test in which the patient is given a fixed diet containing 70 g. of fat, and the fat or fatty acid contents of the faeces are determined daily over a twelve-day test period. The first three daily totals of faeces are bulked together, and the average figure determined for fatty acids. If there is 95% absorption there is no abnormality of fat-splitting and absorption, but less than 70% indicates definite abnormality. If the fatty-acid determination indicates 80-93% fat absorption, further daily estimations must be made until the daily output of fatty acids or fats remains constant. If the value for fatty acids in the daily output is equivalent to less than 90% of the total daily fat intake, the steatorrhoea is confirmed.


A general method to calculate next-to-leading order multijet cross sections is presented. The emphasis is on how to isolate the soft and collinear divergences in multiparton matrix elements. As an example, the method is used to isolate the divergences at leading order in the number of colours in the processes e+e- + qQ + n gluons and e+e- -t qcjqQ + n gluons. The usual algebraic complexity of calculating next-to-leading order corrections in QCD is avoided, especially the d-dimensional squaring of the real matrix elements and the hard phase space integrals. Some remarks about the stucture of the virtual contributions are made. As a first application, and to examine the feasibility of the approach, explicit Monte Carlo programs are constructed which contain the next-to-leading order corrections to e+e- -+ 2 jets and e+e- + 3 jets. It is demonstrated that the method works and can be readily applied to a variety of processes.


External anal sphincter electromyography was performed with surface electrode in 32 preoperative patients with anorectal malformations.The amplitude and the frequency during rest and stimulating period in these patients were compared with those in control group.Two values of electromyographic activities were much lower than normal(P<0.05)in high rectal malformation and one value lower in intermediate(P<0.05).There are no significant difference between control and low type.Examination at different places around the anal dimple demonstrated marked difference in abnormal distribution.The results show that the higher the rectal pouch,the poorer the anal sphincter,and the more abnormal the muscles.


The reaction of urea with formaldehyde is the basis for the production of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins which are widely applied in the wood industry. The presence of ether-bridged condensation products in the UF resin reaction system is an open question in the literature. It is addressed in the present work. The N,N′-dimethylurea-formaldehyde model system was studied since it is chemically similar to the UF resin reaction system but allows for a simple elucidation of all reaction products. It was analyzed by 13C-NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS. In corresponding NMR and MS spectra, peaks due to methoxymethylenebis(dimethyl)urea and its hemiformal were observed. 13C-13C gCOSY analysis was conducted using labeled 13C-formaldehyde. The correlation spectra showed evidence for an ether-bridged compound and mass spectra exhibited peaks agreeing with labeled methoxymethylenebis(dimethyl)urea and its hemiformal. Methoxymethylenebis(dimethyl)urea was characterized in N,N′-dimethylurea-formaldehyde systems in acidic and slightly basic media. As urea is very similar to N,N′-dimethylurea, the results of this work strengthen the assumption that ether-bridged condensation products are likely to form in UF resins. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013


Abstract : The long-term goal is to understand the mechanics of small-scale sediment-fluid interactions and how these processes affect transport and deposition of terrestrial material on active continental margins. Convective sedimentation (CS) and preferential concentration (PC) are two newly formulated processes that have the potential to change the way we think about delivery of riverine material to the continental shelf and beyond.


Although they have existed for decades now, narrative computer games are still in many respects at the edge of gaming and game-related research. Scholars will disagree as to what a narrative game is, and some will reject the term altogether, but even its most outspoken critics cannot deny that games frequently make use of narrative techniques and invite players to perceive them partially as stories. Most commercial games contain at least some narrative elements. Even predominantly ludic games like Flower (ThatGameCompany 2009) have individualized agents who must achieve particular goals to affect changes in a highly specified fictional world. These are the very characteristics of transmedial narrative defined by Marie-Laure Ryan (2005, p. 4). That means that even if Flower is not telling a story, unlike wholly abstract games such as Tetris (A. Pazhitnov/V. Gerasimov 1984) or Bejewelled (Pop Cap Games 2001), it invites being perceived as a story, which is arguably the most important factor in narrative (Ryan 2004, p. 11). The recourse to narrative can be nothing more than a rudimentary framing, but it may as well manifest in the completely fleshed-out main-quest-storylines of open-world role-playing games like Fallout 3 (Bethesda Softworks, 2008), where the player is free to pursue or ignore the narrative, or the attempts at total integration of gameplay elements into a narrative structure in action-adventures such as Fahrenheit (Quantic Dream 2005), Mirror's Edge (Electronic Arts 2008) or Kane & Lynch: Dead Men (IO Interactive 2007). In all cases, narrative and game influence each other, and while this often results in conflict, it sometimes produces a synergetic effect. This boundary-crossing phenomenon challenges notions about both games and narrative, especially when there is no perceptible preference toward either side. Consequently, there is a widespread tendency in game studies to marginalize the phenomenon as "attempts at telling stories, cleverly disguised as games" (Aarseth 2004, p. 367). If one agrees with my assessment that combinations of game and narrative are rather the rule than the exception, understanding the effects that occur when they encounter is essential to understanding computer games in general. This paper will develop a typology of such encounters in order to distinguish the completely different effects perceived on a general level (narrative influences on the overall game design) and a concrete one (proportions of ludic and narrative elements within a game). In a next step, elements with both ludic and narrative functions, like the avatar, will be discussed, before a final example will show the equally productive and disruptive friction between all these factors.


This paper presents a novel descriptive model for agency in videogames as communication. Literature pertaining to interactive works including videogames has identified the need to overcome dyadic perspectives of communication in such works. Research specifically to do with agency has called for agency to no longer be confused with freedom of action, for an integrated perspective of the player and the system, and for that relationship to be viewed as a conversation. The transactional model in this paper achieves this by proposing a nested hierarchy of levels of communication that operate as an implicit contract, negotiated between the system and the player, where the object of the transaction is bio-costs, effected through the signalling of the attainability of understandings. The paper describes research antecedents, a research agenda, the basis for the model, the model itself, examples of how the model can be used to describe videogame designs, and future research.


With the advent of the space missions CoRoT and Kepler , it has recently become feasible to determine precise asteroseismic masses and relative ages for large samples of red giant stars. We present the CoRoGEE dataset, obtained from CoRoT light curves for 606 red giants in two fields of the Galactic disc that have been co-observed by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). We used the Bayesian parameter estimation code PARAM to calculate distances, extinctions, masses, and ages for these stars in a homogeneous analysis, resulting in relative statistical uncertainties of (cid:46) 2% in distance, ∼ 4% in radius, ∼ 9% in mass and ∼ 25% in age. We also assessed systematic age uncertainties stemming from di ff erent input physics and mass loss. We discuss the correlation between ages and chemical abundance patterns of field stars over a broad radial range of the Milky Way disc (5 kpc < R Gal < 14 kpc), focussing on the [ α / Fe]-[Fe / H]-age plane in five radial bins of the Galactic disc. We find an overall agreement with the expectations of pure chemical-evolution models computed before the present data were available, especially for the outer regions. However, our data also indicate that a significant fraction of stars now observed near and beyond the solar neighbourhood migrated from inner regions. Mock CoRoGEE observations of a chemodynamical Milky Way disc model indicate that the number of high-metallicity stars in the outer disc is too high to be accounted for even by the strong radial mixing present in the model. The mock observations also show that the age distribution of the [ α / Fe]-enhanced sequence in the CoRoGEE inner-disc field is much broader than expected from a combination of radial mixing and observational errors. We suggest that a thick-disc / bulge component that formed stars for more than 3 Gyr may account for these discrepancies. Our results are subject to future improvements due to (a) the still low statistics, because our sample had to be sliced into bins of Galactocentric distances and ages; (b) large uncertainties in proper motions (and therefore guiding radii); and (c) corrections to the asteroseismic mass-scaling relation. The situation will improve not only upon the upcoming Gaia data releases, but also with the foreseen increase in the number of stars with both seismic and spectroscopic information.


: Remote Access Trojan (RAT) allowing a potentially malicious user to remotely control the system. RAT is remote control software that when installed on a computer allows remote computer to take control of it. RAT allows an attacker/intruder to remotely control a computing system and usually consists of a server silently running and listening to particular TCP/UDP ports on a victim machine as well as a client acting as the bridge between the server and the attacker. The most common (popular) means of infection is through email attachments. Malware developers use chat software as another way to distribute their Trojan horse viruses such as Yahoo Messenger and Skype. These developers usually use various spamming techniques in order to distribute the virus to unsuspecting users. Remote Administration Trojans are malicious (harmful) pieces of code often embedded in lawful programs through RAT-sanction procedures. They are stealthily planted and help achieve access of victim machines, through patches, games, E-mail attachments, or even in legitimate-looking binaries. Once installed, remote access Trojan perform their unexpected or even unauthorized operations and use an array of techniques to hide their traces to remain invisible and stay on victim systems for the long haul. In this paper we are going to discuss about how an antivirus detects a malware and how we will be designing a remote access Trojan which would bypass the antivirus which can be used by law enforcement agencies for spying on suspicious persons.


In Computer Aided Geometry Design (CAGD), B-splines curves are piecewise polynomial parametric curves that play an important role. CAGD involves the interpolation and approximation curves and surfaces. CAGD has been widely used which brings good impact of computers to industries in manufacturing. There are many improved methods in the B-spline curve such as extended cubic B-spline, trigonometric B-spline, quasi trigonometric B-spline, and λμ-B-spline. Each of the methods has its behaviour and advantage. In this paper, λμ-B-spline was used to be implemented in generating irregular symmetrical objects. λμ-B-spline has a shape parameter that can change the global shape by manipulating the value of the shape parameter. The bottle has been chosen as an irregular symmetrical object. The 2-dimensional symmetrical curves of Bottle design were formed by using λμ-B-spline degree 4. The curves designed are dependent on the shape parameter which can be adjusted. Then, the curves generated were revolved using the Sweep Surface method to form 3-dimensional objects. Every object has its volume and this research focused on the numerical method which was Simpson's 3/8 to compute the volume. The volumes obtained were compared to the actual volume to determine the best shape parameter used. The results show that the λμ-B-spline curve with a shape parameter of 1 is the best shape parameter in designing symmetrical irregular objects with the desired volume.


Abstract. Recent developments in the molecular biology of the insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) receptor have clarified its role in cellular growth and transformation. Although cells homozygous for a targeted disruption of the IGF‐I receptor genes can grow in serum‐supplemented medium, the IGF‐I receptor is required for optimal growth, and is required equally in all phases of the cell cycle. The receptor plays an even more stringent role in cellular transformation and tumorigenicity, which seem to be dependent on its normal expression in several cell types. The expression of both the IGF‐I receptor and its ligands is regulated by other growth factors (especially PDGF and EGF), by oncogenes (like SV40 T antigen and c‐myb) and by tumour suppressor genes (like WT1 and RB). The picture emerging from these studies is that several transforming agents may exert their growth promoting effects through the direct or indirect activation of the IGF autocrine loop.


Incorrect domain theories, and the flawed plans derived from them, are an inescapable aspect of planning in the real world. Previous learning approaches to the incorrect domain theory problem have relied on diagnosing failures to determine fixes to the domain theory to prevent the failures in the future. However, perfect failure diagnosis is itself an intractable problem, and preventive learners are subject to the problem of faulty fixes due to incorrect failure diagnoses. This thesis presents completable planning, an incremental learning approach that augments classical plans with generalized alternative plan segments called contingent plans, which serve to cure failures by providing recovery routes from the execution failures of flawed plans constructed using incorrect domain theories. By constructing contingent plans only in response to actual failures encountered during execution, a completable planner is saved the effort of planning for all possible outcomes. By requiring only that failures be treated and not necessarily explained, a completable planner is freed from the cost and reliance on perfect failure diagnosis. The contingent plans learned through completable planning are also guaranteed never to decrease the probability of success of the original plan. A completable planning strategy is defined by the decisions on the expectations to verify during execution, when to initiate contingent planning in response to an unexpected outcome, and what portion of the plan to reuse. As a curative approach, completable planning is more susceptible than a preventive approach to the limitations of its native planning strategy. An investigation of the effects of completable planning strategy on planning performance and learning performance is thus important, and this thesis presents the results of such a study. This thesis also presents a method for addressing these limitations called probably approximately correct (PAC) completable planning. The PAC approach to completable planning allows a completable planner to perform a principled search of the space of alternative strategies or alternative completable plans to find one that satisfies given constraints on the probability of success of a plan, execution cost, and planning cost.


Objective:To reveal prevention effects with Rifapentine for cases with PPD positive reaction.Methods: To group randomly into two team treated with Rifapentine and Isoniazide for three months respectively,and follow-up the incidence of active tuberculosis.Results: The acceptable rate was 81.84%,the rate of adverse drug reactions(ADR) was 6.74%,the active tuberculosis incidence was 2.96‰ during two years,the protective rate was 87.61%,the index of effectiveness was 8.07 for Rifapentine.The acceptable rate was 69.14%,the rate of adverse drug reactions was 14.09%,the active tuberculosis incidence was 4.26‰ during two years,the protective rate was 82.17%,the index of effectiveness was 5.61 for Isoniazide.There were significant difference between Rifapentine and Isoniazide group.Conclusion: It was feasible and effective that cases of PPD positive reaction were treated with Rifapentine instead of Isoniazide for three month preventing tuberculosis.


We have developed and adopted build-up technology for printed wiring boards (PWB) of notebook PC, which uses via holes that connect 3 layers compared to the normal build-up PWB which used via holes that connect 2 layers. This technology is more superior in electrical characteristics, which enables one to easily control characteristic impedance and reduce crosstalk noise. For the method of manufacturing, we selected laser drilling method and B2itTM. Although the shape of their vias are different, their electrical characteristics are equal.


By restricting the condition, the paper put forward and proved the non-existence of positive solution for two classes of partial differential equation.


Treatment for malaria in Belu District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, is still mainly based on clinical and microscopic diagnosis. Error rate of microscopic diagnosis was reported still high, above the value of diagnostic fault tolerance accoding to ministry of health >5%. The aim of this study is to determine the factors that cause errors of diagnosis of malaria in community health centers. Exploration and observation methods with cross sectional was used at 10 community health centers in Belu District from April to June 2012. The number of sample was 16 health care staffs who was doing the microscopic diagnosis. The results of this study showed statistically significant factor affecting the completeness of error diagnosis is microscopic prepare tools and materials prior to blood sampling (p-value < 0.029), do not used thin blood film (p-value <0.07), do not used new slides (p-value < 0,08), bad staining preparation (p-value 0.02), less work experience (p-value 0.029) and less training (p-value 0.08). The low value of kappa (0.0-0.2) as much as 35.2% indicated that the microscopic diagnosis is very poor. Key Word : malaria, diagnosis, microscopi, accuracy factors


You Only Look Once (YOLO) is an object detection system with real-time effects. It is difficult to accurately detect small targets in complex scenes, so an improved network structure of YOLOv2 is proposed in this paper. The proposed network is improved in the following aspects: firstly, a 1×1 convolutional layer is added to improve the detection accuracy; secondly, the output sizes of several layers are changed from 13×13 to 26×26 to extract more features from multi-pixels image; thirdly, the loss function is also optimized to adapt to the size of objects in the image. Finally, the model is trained and tested based on VOC2007 dataset, and the experiment results show that the improved model has higher accuracy on detecting small objects.


Splenosis is a benign condition caused by heterotrophic autotransplantation of splenic pulp following splenic trauma or surgery. Splenosis is rare and intestinal obstruction due to splenosis is even rarer. Most of the patients with splenosis are asymptomatic. There are few reports of large bowel obstruction due to splenosis, but reports of small bowel obstruction due to splenosis are scanty. We report a case of proximal small bowel obstruction due to postsplenectomy splenosis treated by laparoscopic surgery. Index of suspicion with radiological evaluation is the key to preoperative diagnosis of splenosis. Laparoscopic surgery is an effective means of treating such patients with good long-term outcome.


Objective
To investigate the clinical application of predictive nursing care combined with standard swallowing function evaluation in elderly patients with dysphagia after stroke.

Methods
From October 2014 to January 2016, 151 cases of senile cerebral stroke dysphagia patients were treated in our hospital.77 cases in group A were treated with preview nursing combined with standardized swallowing function evaluation, 74 cases in group B were only given principles rehabilitation nursing department of neurology and basic conventional treatment.The pulmonary infection, aspiration pneumonia, hospitalization time and cost, treatment effect, as well as the nutritional index before and after treatment of the two groups were tested and compared.

Results
Patients in group A occurred 2 cases (2.60%) pulmonary infection, it were significantly lesser than 8 cases (10.81%) of group B (χ2=4.1165, P=0.0425). Patients in group A had 8 cases (10.39%) aspiration pneumonia patients, which was significantly lesser than 25 cases (33.78%) in group B (χ2=12.0926, P=0.0005). The average hospitalization time for the patients in group A (12.89±2.27) was significantly shorter than (19.32±3.58) days in group B (t=13.2344, P=0.0000). The average hospitalization expenses in group A with (1.92±0.35) million lower than (2.89±0.61) million in group B (t=12.0434, P=0.0000). Patients in group A with the total effective rate was 92.21%, which was significantly higher than 70.27% in group B (χ2=12.0230, P=0.0005). After treatment, the nutritional indexes in group A were signifi cantly better than in group B (P<0.05).

Conclusions
For patients that have the aged stroke dysphagia, foreseeable nursing with the combination of the treatment schemes of standard swallowing function has the advantages of good curative effect, high recovery rate, low pulmonary infection, low occurrence rate of aspiration pneumonia and quick recovery.

Key words:
Predictive nursing care; Standard swallowing function evaluation; Stroke; Clinical application


I first met Professor Povl Munk-Jørgensen in Majorca. Our Spanish colleagues called several journal editors together to help them decide where to go next with their development of psychiatric journals for Spain. There was the predictable discussion of impact factor, listing on MEDLINE, and how to attract international authors and citations – the usual stuff that many people feel occupies the minds of most editors. Povl swept it all aside. 'I publish the articles', he said, 'that mean something to psychiatry and to the doctors who practice it'. That vision has been a beacon for his eighteen years as editor. I believe that he is the longest serving of any of us. It is a welldeserved tenure, and one for which he has much to be proud. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica has become as he described it. It is devoted to articles that make a difference in clinical practice. It is always difficult in reading a journal to find the hand of the editor. Rest assured in any great journal it is there. Certainly, the editor leads from in front because people submit articles to journals which are edited by people like themselves. Scientists submit to journals edited by scientists, and clinicians submit to journals edited by clinicians, and clinical researchers – who bridge the gap between science and clinical practice – search for journals that will enable their work to be appreciated by both their fellow researchers and the clinicians whose practice and problems they hope to help. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica reflects Povl's leadership from above. It assembles an international collection of articles that are important worldwide for the practice of psychiatry. It provides useful epidemiological evidence and results from clinical trials that impact on how we identify patients and how we treat them. What may not be so apparent is how editors work from behind, which as any editor will tell you, is over ninety per cent of the job. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica is a well-edited journal, but you do not see Povl's own hand. As editors, we write few of the papers that we publish, but we have a role in nearly all of them. An editor is responsible for selecting those papers that truly make a difference. An editor must then ensure that the paper's message is clear, neither overstated nor understated, and can be read and appreciated by a wide range of people from scholars to clinicians who have never written a paper themselves. It is not unusual that people read most of their papers during their training when they are the hungriest for new knowledge, but a special challenge is to provide papers in a journal like Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica that even the most experienced clinician will want to read. As a psychiatrists who has treated schizophrenia all my professional career, I enjoyed reading the recent article on the effects of smoking on cognition in schizophrenia (1). This paper emphasizes acute smoking as a cognitive risk factor in schizophrenia, a phenomenon too often overlooked in busy clinical practices. I would note that its authors from the United States include a prominent neuropsychologist, one of the world's leading rehabilitation specialists, and an important geneticist, all of whom collaborated to make the paper possible. Authors of this caliber reaching out in a very practical way to clinicians is an important feature of Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Another article from German authors, equally as prominent, deals with the perplexing problem of obsessive–compulsive symptoms early in the atrisk state for psychosis (2). The concept of an at-risk state is a hotly debated topic between European and American psychiatrists, but both sides would agree that patients are troubled by obsessive–compulsive symptoms. These symptoms are what frequently bring patients to early treatment before the onset of psychotic symptoms. This paper nicely highlights the range of presentation of these initially troubling symptoms. An unusual article comes from France (3). It reports a re-examination of a brain collection from 1910 to see whether mental retardation and dementia praecox, the diagnoses made in 1910, can be distinguished, and concludes that measures of cortical complexity folding do suggest differences between what often appears clinically similar in untreated patients. The paper notes that this study could only have been performed in brains collected before the antipsychotic era, because of the confound effects of drug treatment. It is listed as a historical article, but I do not think so. It is as important to today's clinical practice as any other. I have not served as long as Professor Munk-Jørgensen, but I am exactly the same age and I began to wonder what he would do after stepping down from his lengthy editorial tenure. It is, as noted elsewhere, his second journal, being previously the Danish editor of the Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. Editing a journal is like having children. You watch them grow up and move on to their own lives. After 18year incubation, you have given your child all you possibly can. They have pleased you and exhausted you at the same time. I am sure that Povl must be both pleased and exhausted with what he has done in eighteen years with his child, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. But I know, like an empty nester, he will also miss opening his mail – or email as he has been through both eras – to find an inquiry from an author. Perhaps it is a new paper proposal, perhaps joy to find out about an acceptance, or disappointment and even a little resentment over a rejection. It is rare that someone actually tells you that they have read the journal, but those rare instances do occur and when they do I know he must be extremely pleased. The demise of scientific journals has been predicted for more decades than even Povl has been an editor. After all, nearly any information can be found online. Unedited manuscripts are now deposited by funding agencies in the U.S. National Library of Medicine and in similar repositories across the world. The next step, depositing the raw data without interpretation, has now been proposed, and the National Institute of Health in the U.S. has already adopted such a policy. Floyd Bloom, MD, the former editor of Science and my own teacher, was once asked about the demise. He pointed out that no one chooses a restaurant based solely on their online menu. We look for recommendations for evidence that other people


This paper introduces a Chanel-logo shaped antenna. By characteristic mode analysis (CMA), modal significance and modal radiation patterns of different modes were studied and find the suitable mode that can be easily excited. The Y-shaped feeding structure was chosen to excite the desired modes and have a good impedance matching. The simulation results indicated that the 10-dB return loss bandwidth of 2.5-4 GHz (46.2%) is obtained. This work demonstrates feasibility of future application in product advertisement.


Regions of wood-coating interface from clear coated Pinus radiata boards were examined by a combination of light and transmission electron microscopy techniques after six months exposure outdoors in order to understand the mechanism of clear coating failure. The primary cause of coating failure was the separation of cells in the surface layers of wood underlying the coating that was caused mainly by the photodegradation of the middle lamella. These results are discussed in the light of known effects of solar radiation on lignin and other components of wood cell walls.


The purpose of this research is to develop online learning model to improve student's learning achievement in information design and intruktural communication technology. In the education of Islamic elementary school teachers (PGMI) State Islamic College (IAIN) Metro. This research uses development research (R & D). The method designed by dick and strict and unstructured development model (MPI). The material of the e-learning model has been validated by experts, they are self-employed, intrastic design experts, and media experts. This is tested through the same steps, one to one evolution test, small group evalution test and field test. The online learning model applies the conventional intructional by using online learning. The results show that the average student score increases. So the development of online learning model of learning planning course in the islamic elementary school teacher education (PGMI) can improve student's learning achievement.


Consider sentence (1): The boat looks immense, yet it also looks small. Predications of "is immense" and "is small" applied to the same object appear to be contradictory, but (1) need not be contradictory. When do appearances conflict with each other, and how can this be marked in our judgments about appearance? In 1953, G. E. Moore argued that the possible truth of (1) shows that there must be multiple senses of "looks." Moore's example prefigures by thirty years a much-cited discussion by Christopher Peacocke about trees and apparent size with which Peacocke illustrates a contrast between sensational and representational properties of experience. This chapter argues that Moore's argument for different senses of "looks" is unsound, and hence that we need a different explanation of how we mark the contrast between appearances which conflict and those which do not. The essay closes by offering such an account.


Objective To investigate the effect of remifentanil and fentanyl on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor currents in rat spinal cord dorsal horn neurons.Methods Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record the NMDA receptor currents.The primary cultured E14SD rat spinal cord dorsal horn neurons (DH cells) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 each):remifentanil group (group R),fentanyl group (group F) and control group (group C).DH cells were perfused with 4 nmol/L remifentanil (group R) or 10 μmol/L fentanyl (group F) for 60 min followed by washout.NMDA receptor currents were recorded immediately after administration (T0),at 15,30,45 and 60 min of action of drugs (T1-4),and at 15 and 30 min (T5-6) after washout.Results Compared with group C,no significant change in the peak NMDA receptor current was found at each time point in group F and at T0 and T1 in group R (P > 0.05),and the peak NMDA receptor current was significantly increased at T2-6 in group R (P < 0.01).The peak NMDA receptor current was significantly higher at T2-6 than at T0,while lower at T2-4 and T6 than at T5 in group R (P < 0.01).Conclusion Remifentanil can increase NMDA receptor function in rat spinal cord horn neurons,and the peak effect is reached after washout,but fentanyl dose not have the effect.

Key words:
Piperidines;  Receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate;  Drug tolerance


Thermographic measurements have been made from the air on a small electrical power distribution station situated in the country, near a village. The objective was to study the conditions of detection of possible failures in the electric elements of the station. For this purpose, thermal images were obtained with an infrared scanner in the 8 - 14 micrometer spectral regions from heights ranging between 300 and 1000 feet. The scanner was mounted in a Porter Pilatus aircraft. Thermographic images were obtained in gray tones or false colors. The apparent radiation contrast was evaluated at different hours in spring, summer and winter. Emitted and reflected radiation was considered under various atmospheric conditions. The emissivity coefficients of the electrical elements of the station and of the background were evaluated. Images selected are presented with results and conclusions.


According to the the line faults in the local networks,we conclude that the faults are caused by the misconnection in the networks.For the case of use/empty rate is 1∶1,the empty 4 lines are applied for the send/receive data.We introduce how to design the NIC.


The invention discloses a storage method and a storage device for multi-version Firefox browsers, and the method and the device can be used for overcoming the defects that the function difference and user experience difference between Firefox versions after version upgrading can not be completely reflected in the version of an operating system and the Firefox version upgrading results in unnecessary upgrading of the operating system. The method comprises the following steps of: determining library files for different versions of Firefox needing storage; and setting different default paths for the library files of different versions of Firefox. Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention can be used for avoiding the confusion between multiple versions of Firefox library files and the conflict between multiple versions of Firefox and the system default library files, and integrating multiple versions of Firefox browsers into a same operating system.


The rotary evaporation apparatus was used to maintain the pressure at 0.01 MPa for vacuum distillation.Wood vinegars were collected rang from lower than 75,75~90 and 90~100℃ respectively,and the main organic component of the three temperature sections was analyzed by using the GC- MS. After the refining,the wood vinegar liquid was diluted to discuss its keeping- fresh effect on cherry tomatoes.The rotten rate,water loss rate and sugar content of cherry tomatoes were determined in the experiment.GC /MS analysis showed that the main compositions of the wood vinegar were organic acids,ketones,phenols,alcohols and pyridine etc.Among all the components examined,the content of acetic acid was the highest,next the ketone and the phenol. Through the refining experiment,it was showed that the fraction of wood vinegars below 75℃ had the lower pH and the highest organic acid content.It was found that the wood vinegar liquid with concentration of 5.0g /L could reduce the water loss rate and the rotting rate of cherry tomato in the storage process. So it could be concluded that the wood vinegars have good preservation effect on cherry tomatoes.


The Savonius turbine, which works at low rotatory speeds and gives a high degree of torque, has been used for a wind turbines. In order to examine the feasibility of applying the turbine as a wave energy conversion system, a Savonius rotor was installed in a casing and its performance was studied experimentally to examine the various geometrical configurations of the rotor and casing. When optimally cnfigured, the turbine exhibits higher efficiency than a wind turbine without a casing during steady flow conditions.


The present paper is relevant with the production and investigation of abrasion resistance of MMCs (Metal Matrix Composites) with metal matrix AISI 304 stainless steel and Al2O3 reinforcement phase. An innovative production method is used for the obtaining of the MMCs by using the conception of the "capillary forming", where the metal matrix (AISI 304) was forcedly infiltrated in the space between the reinforcement phase (Al2O3) particles by vacuuming the space between reinforcement particles. A weighting method is used to determine the wear resistance by radial load in liquid and dry friction mode. The dynamics of mass variation in the wear process and the wear intensity are determined.


Though there had been much new deep learning based nuclei segmentation architectures available for various applications made by researchers in the last decade, most of them are specific for particular nuclei types of imaging modalities. In this work, we are proposing a step-wise pipeline for nuclei segmentation comprising Unet based difference image extraction, Faster-RCNN for nuclei detection on difference image, and SegNet for Nuclei segmentation from the detected nuclei inside bounding boxes. Our proposed algorithm provides significant improvement when it comes to Mean Average Precision vs Mask-RCNN and provides a general framework where advantages of transfer learning could be deployed easily. Due to the use of cascaded approach, each stage has a single cost function to minimize which helps to reach the global optimum with a limited number of training images and could be separately modified as necessary.


This paper presents a wearable real-time activity detection device which is based on a 9-axis IMU and a microcontroller. By applying SVM algorithm and with high-speed sampled data, the system is expected to give an accurate human activity detection result, which can be used in the healthcare of the elder people or activity monitoring. An idea of introducing a kind of output filter into the classification algorithm has been proved to improve the performance of detection accuracy, by an experiment on hundreds of action samples collected from 8 different people.


This article addresses the problem of regulatory gaps that are created through imprecise preemption rulings. It begins with a detailed case study of how railroads were able to enter the highly regulated solid waste industry, to claim that all state oversight is preempted by a federal statute intended to deregulate railroad economics, and to obtain the economic benefits of operating in a regulatory gap. The net result of current preemption doctrine in those cases has been to strip citizens of the power to ensure that waste transfer stations are safe, and this fundamental injustice serves as a backdrop to analyzing current preemption jurisprudence. The Court's reliance on a presumption against preemption of state laws to interpret federal statutes has declined over time, and this article provides an additional explanation for the presumption's decline based upon flaws in the original formulation of the doctrine. The article also explores the Court's current use of regulatory gaps as marking the plausible limits of Congressional intent to preempt, particularly when faced with the preclusion of all tort remedies for individual victims, and argues that the Court's concern about regulatory gaps should extend to preventive measures that are also based on the states' police powers and that are the expression of collective rights of self-protection. In addition to the standard federalism concerns that animate restraints on preemption, the article builds on scholarship that suggests additional Constitutional limitations on Congress's powers to strip remedies from citizens. Finally, the article proposes to correct these trends through a revitalized presumption against preemption, whereby courts would consider whether a preemption ruling will create a regulatory gap, and in those circumstances should require a clear statement that Congress intended to strip remedies designed to prevent the underlying conduct at issue. Such a prudential rule of construction would avoid potential Constitutional issues. REVITALIZING THE PRESUMPTION AGAINST PREEMPTION TO PREVENT REGULATORY GAPS: A CASE STUDY OF JUDICIAL TOLERANCE OF ILLEGAL RAILROAD WASTE TRANSFER STATIONS © 2007 by Carter H. Strickland, Jr.* George Parisek wonders what's in the dust clouds that spew from the giant trash heap near his home in North Bergen. "There are times it looks like a fire, there's so much dust," says Parisek, a retired mechanic. "I grow tomatoes and peppers, and this stuff is all over them. This drives me crazy." He and the neighbors constantly hose down their houses, their cars and their gardens to wash away the grime. And they wonder: Is it dangerous to breathe this stuff? Should they let their kids play in the yard? Should they eat the vegetables they grow in their gardens? Introduction Unregulated railroad transfer stations have been opening and operating with impunity over the last few years in densely populated areas on the East and West coasts. Five waste stations that opened in one municipality in New Jersey were little more than open piles of construction and demolition debris that grew to over fifty feet tall. The exposed piles emitted clouds of dust on dry days and leached contaminated water into nearby wetlands and streams on rainy days. State inspectors documented extensive violations of applicable state law, and water * Associate Clinical Professor, Rutgers-Newark School of Law and Acting Director, Rutgers Environmental Law Clinic; A.B., Dartmouth College, 1990; J.D., Columbia, 1995. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. The author represents environmental groups in various proceedings against the railroad waste facilities that are discussed in this article. The author thanks John Payne, Julia Huff, Richard Webster, other colleagues at Rutgers Law School, Rachel Godsil, Burke Griggs and Andrew Wetzler for reading earlier drafts of this article. The author especially thanks Nicole Guéron for her invaluable insights and patience. 1 Tom Moran, Railroads Just Dump on Their Neighbors, Star-Ledger, July 27, 2005, at NJ 13. Hosted by The Berkeley Electronic Press 2 samples from standing pools at three of the transfer stations found elevated levels of mercury, arsenic, and lead. Despite these conditions, state officials have been unable to shut down the facilities. Instead, courts have blocked the clean up efforts as preempted by a Federal railroad rate deregulation statute. Citizens are left with no protections because no federal agency has the authority or inclination to oversee environmental compliance at the facilities. Along with solid waste, many other contemporary areas of state regulation are more comprehensive than federal regulation. In the air pollution field alone, states have made more progress towards greenhouse gas control regimes than the federal government, have adopted more stringent mercury control rules, and have taken a stronger line towards enforcement of rules that limit the expansion of old, polluting power plants. Even on an issue as cutting-edge and international as enhanced security against terrorist attacks on chemical plants, the rules of some states are more protective than proposed or existing federal rules. 2 See Michael H. Wall, The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and California Assembly Bill 1493: Filling the American Greenhouse Gas Regulation Void, 41 U. Rich. L. Rev. 567 (2007); Robert L. Glicksman, From Cooperative to Inoperative Federalism: The Perverse Mutations of Environmental Law and Policy, 41 Wake Forest L. Rev. 719, 720-21 (2006). 3 Twenty-three states are planning to adopt stricter limits on mercury emissions from power plants in their borders than required by the federal government. 37 BNA Environment Reporter 2381 (Nov. 4, 2006). 4 E.g., Casey Roberts, Note, New York v. EPA: State Response to a Federal Regulatory Rollback, 33 Ecology Law Quarterly 613, 615-16 (2006). 5 For example, New Jersey has adopted emergency rules under the authority of the New Jersey Domestic Security Preparedness Act, N.J.S.A. App. A:9-69.6c and N.J.S.A. App. A:9-74.11.a, the Toxic Catastrophe Prevention Act, N.J.S.A. 13:1k-19 to-32, and the Spill Compensation and Control Act, N.J.S.A. 58:10-23.11, to assess the vulnerability of chemical facilities to terrorist attack and to encourage the use of inherently safer approaches such as the use of less toxic chemical feedstocks. Domestic Security Preparedness Task Force, Best Practices Standards at TCPA/DPCC Chemical Sector Facilities (Nov. 21, 2005), available at http://www.nj.gov/ dep/rpp/download/ChemSectBPStand.pdf (other security-related orders and best practices guidelines are available at http://www.nj.gov/dep/rpp/brp/brpPublicNotice.htm). See generally Congressional Research Serv., Legislative Approaches to Chemical Facility Security CRS-4 to CRS-5 (July 12, 2006) (reviewing state laws), available at http://digital.library.unt.edu/ govdocs/crs//data/2006/upl-meta-crs-9397/RL33043_2006Jul12.pdf?PHPSESSID =a07381626cc30d9d29fe3fff9360a243. Proposed federal legislation and rules on the topic http://law.bepress.com/rutgersnewarklwps/art41 3 Preemption doctrine is a potentially great obstacle to these progressive state policies. There are almost no limits on Congress's power to preempt state laws under the Supremacy Clause should it intentionally choose to do so. Congress's regulatory powers under the Commerce Clause can reach almost all intrastate issues, and the preemptive effect of those powers is generally thought to be limited only by the intent of Congress and thus any selfrestraint exercised by that body for political or other reasons. Preemption will displace even those non-discriminatory state policies that otherwise pass muster under the Dormant Commerce Clause. The stakes are particularly high where the displacement of state law is not filled in by any corresponding federal law, thereby leaving a regulatory gap. The risk of gaps is significant because state and federal governments have asymmetric abilities to provide or to deny remedies to the public. Where state regulations are inadequate to address societal problems, the federal would preempt more stringent state standards. Department of Homeland Security, Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards, 71 Fed. Reg. 78276 (Dec. 28, 2006); Chemical Facility AntiTerrorism Act of 2006, H.R. 5695, Sect. 1807. Unlike New Jersey's rules, the proposed federal laws would not explicitly encourage the use of less toxic chemicals and other inherently safer approaches. "This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States . . . shall be the Supreme Law of the Land . . . ." U.S. Const. art. VI, cl.2. 7 E.g., Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc., 505 U.S. 504, 516 (1992). 8 See generally, Herbert Wechsler, The Political Safeguards of Federalism: The Role of the States in the Composition and Selection of the National Government, 54 Colum. L. Rev. 543, 544-45 (1954). 9 This article uses the plain meaning of the term "regulatory gap" to describe matters of public concerns that are not addressed at any level of government, with the added sense that governmental bodies are prevented from addressing the problem. One of the few scholarly treatments of the concept similarly defines the term as describing unaddressed social ills, but then develops the concept in the context of incentives not to regulate that are entirely selfimposed because of the inability to claim exclusive credit for taking action. William W. Buzbee, Recognizing the Regulatory Commons: A Theory of Regulatory Gaps, 89 Iowa L. Rev. 1, 5 (2003) (observing, at 47, that "[s]ins of omission, in contrast, are far less visible and arguably far more pervasive [than overregulation]."); see also Susan Bartlett Foote, Regulatory Vacuums: Federalism, Deregulation, and Judicial Review, 19 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 113, 115 (1985). Hosted by The Berkeley Electronic Press 4 government can enter the field and fill any voids in government oversight, as happened in the modern wave of federal social


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain marked by Gradual and irreversible declines in cognitive functions such as language deficits, depression and behavioral problems including agitation, mood disturbances and psychosis. Alzheimer's dementia is presently treated exclusively by inhibitors of the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), following the cholinergic hypothesis. One of the most promising approaches for treating this disease is to enhance the acetylcholine level in the brain using Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Acetylcholinesterase plays a biological role in the termination of nerve impulse transmissions at cholinergic synapses by rapid hydrolysis of acetylcholine. Deficit in acetylcholine leads to poor nerve impulse transmission. Thus, the cholinesterase inhibitors are proved o be the most potential compounds to restore the acetylcholine levels and eventually reverse the memory impairments characteristic of the disease. In the present work, 26 Ligands were docked into active site of Acetyl cholinesterase using the docking programs, Autodockvina. Among these docked compounds, Galantamine showed the best binding activity (-9.1). These ligands were further submitted to zinc database by collecting analogues for Galantamine. Among these docked compounds, 44281452 (-11.0) and 14947228 (-10.7) have given higher fitness scores. From our observations on the interaction and visualization aspects using PyMol, it was evident that these inhibitor compounds also satisfied the OSIRIS and PASS results by inhibiting the activity of Acetylcholinesterase. The type of interaction they exhibit and the residues with which they interact conveyed that both the compounds are good inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase as they exhibit drug like activity.


Bulletin description Topics include Unix and Linux socket API programming at the TCP, UDP, IP (raw sockets) and datalink access (Linux PF_PACKET sockets, libpcap & libnet libraries) levels, in the context of developing and implementing client-server applications, reliable data transfer using TCP-like rdt and flow control mechanisms, routing protocols, address resolution protocols, multicasting, DNS protocols. 3 credits.


This application, in some aspects, a screening method for identifying test compounds that stabilize or destabilize a protein of interest.


The economic crisis is an event where many companies went bankrupt and could affect other sectors. Continued decline in world oil prices led many companies suffered losses, so some companies do layoffs in order to sustain the company. To that end, each company will always improve its performance in order to sustain the company and to obtain optimal results with the way through the implementation of good corporate governance. Measures of success the company's activities can be seen from the performance of the company. The firm size is one indicator that is commonly used by investors in assessing performance. This study aimed to examine the effect of good corporate governance and firm size on firm performance of mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2015. The method of sample determination are used in this research is purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 70 financial statements. The method of testing the hypothesis in this study is the multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that board size, institutional ownership and firm size do not affect the firm performance. From this study, only board size is significant negative effect on firm performance.

Key words : Board Size, Managerial Ownership, Institusional Ownership, Firm Size and Firm Performance.


b Agricultural Research Council, Forest Monitoring and Planning Research Unit (CRA-MPF), Trento, Italy Abstract - The aim of this paper is to evaluate the situation regarding the main types of damage to forests and their respective economic consequences, with reference to a case study in the Italian Alps (Trentino province). Each kind of damage (wind and snow, defoliation, fire and tillage) has been analysed in terms of its impact on four forest functions (production, protection, tourism- recreation and carbon sequestration) and evaluated in monetary terms. Market value was used to estimate the production and carbon sequestration functions, replacement cost method for protection, and contingent valuation for tourism-recreation. Applying desk research on damage caused by the main biotic and abiotic factors to this particular case study led us to estimate a annual damage of about € 1,624,921 equal to 4.71 € per hectare. This can be considered a lower bound estimate of possibly greater damage. Another interesting result that emerged from the evaluation exercise is that the wealth of information produced through monitoring and scientific research in the last twenty years does not readily lend itself to economic analysis. forest damage / forest functions / interaction between damage and functions / economic valuation / Alpine forests


In-stent restenosis remain the most important problem of coronary stent
implantation. The number of patients with in-stent restenosis of coronary
arteries is increasing in the practice of heart surgeons. We report a successful
treatment of a patient with multiple in-stent restenosis of coronary arteries.
LAD was treated with long arteriotomy of about 8 sm followed by open coronary
endarteriectomy and stentectomy. The arteriotomy was then reconstructed
with a venous patch and distal anastomosis with the LIMA then performed.
The patient's postoperative period was uncomplicated. At a 6-month followup examination, the patient is doing well and is asymptomatic. Combined open
endarterectomy and stentectomy appears to be an effective alternative surgical
treatment of FMJ-LAD and multiple intra-stent restenoses and gives a chance of
full revascularization for such patients.
Key words: Surgical management, coronary endarterectomy, stentectomy,
arteriotomy, patient, FMJ-LAD


【Task】 Providing a predetermined dosing device for supplying the spray agent pneumatically actuated. A Compression piston (38) is the start preparation lever - in conjunction with (56) to compress the air. Its start preparation lever - (56), also, mouthpiece - Sukaba - came (18). Mouthpiece - When inhaling through the scan (16), apparatus (10) supplies automatically release the drug. Further, the device (10), there is a removable component (14). The component (14), can be used as a feeder of the type which suction press. .FIELD 1


The concluding article in this section describes the ExxonMobil Foundation support and the federal grant funded support for Mathematics Specialists. Over nine million dollars has been awarded for three interrelated projects devoted to the development and offering of seamless Virginia programs to train Mathematics Specialists, and to research their ultimate effectiveness on students' mathematics achievement.


Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA(Dated: June 27, 2008)We investigate the spin/charge transport in a one-dimensional strongly correlated system by usingthe adaptive time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group method. The model we consideris a non-half-filled Hubbard chain with a bond of controllable spin-dependent electron hoppings,which is found to cause a blockade of spin current with little influence on charge current. We haveconsidered (1) the spread of a wave packet of both spin and charge in the Hubbard chain and (2)the spin and charge currents induced by a spin-dependent voltage bias that is applied to the idealleads attached at the ends of this Hubbard chain. It is found that the spin-charge separation playsa crucial role in the spin-current blockade, and one may utilize this phenomenon to observe thespin-charge separation directly.


Foreword by Xavier Leus Introduction Demographic Factors Affecting the U.S.-Mexico Border Health Status by Federico Gerardo de Cosio and AndREs Boadella The Border Colonias and the Problem of Communication: Applying Anthropology for Outreach by Duncan Earle Life Histories of Four Chicano Heroin Injecting Drug Users in Laredo, Texas by Avelardo VAldez and Alberto G. Mata Dangerous Relationships: Effects of Early Exposure to Violence in Women's Lives on the Border by Joao B. Ferreira-Pinto, Rebeca L. Ramos, and Alberto Mata The Difference a Line Makes: Women's Lives in Douglas, Arizona and Agua Prieta, Sonora by Ellen R. Hansen Creating a Future for Hispanic Mothers and Daughters on the U.S.-Mexico Border by Josefina Villamil Tinajero and Dee Ann Spencer Living with HIV/AIDS in a Rural Border County by Donna Castaneda Community-Based Health Promotion vs. Community Health Advisors: Prevention Works, When They Do It by Mary Sanchez Bane and Eva Moya GuzMAn Rural Health on the Border and New Mexico's Models for Care, Community Empowerment, and Cooperation by Martha Oehmke Loustaunau The Medical Care Systems in Mexico and the United States: Convergence or Deterioration? The View from the Border by David C. Warner The Sunland Park/Camino Real Partnership: Landfill Politics in a Border Community by Ellen Rosell Community-University Partnerships Addressing Environmental Issues along the U.S.-Mexico Border by James VanDerslice, Amy K. Liebman, and Theresa L. Byrd Afterword Index


The specific heat capacity of six different rubber compound were determined by the differential scanning calorimetry,from which we found the linear relation between the specific heat capacity and the temperature,and the change law of rubber compound's specific heat capacity with the change of the black carbon's scale in the rubber compound.


The project consisted of two parts. The first was to obtain new low-dispersion, long-wavelength, high S/N IUE spectra of F-G-K dwarf stars with previously determined abundances, temperatures, and gravities. To insure high quality, the spectra are either trailed, or multiple exposures are taken within the large aperture. Second, the spectra are assembled into a library which combines the new data with existing IUE Archive data to yield mean spectral energy distributions for each important type of star. My principal responsibility is the construction and maintenance of this UV spectral library. It covers the spectral range 1200-3200A and is maintained in two parts: a version including complete wavelength coverage at the full spectral resolution of the Low Resolution cameras; and a selected bandpass version, consisting of the mean flux in pre-selected 20A bands. These bands are centered on spectral features or continuum regions of special utility - e.g. the C IV lambda 1550 or Mg II lambda 2800 feature. In the middle-UV region, special emphasis is given to those features (including continuum 'breaks') which are most useful in the study of F-G-K star spectra in the integrated light of old stellar populations.


The title compound, C21H16N2O5, was synthesized by the reaction of 2-naphthol with methyl cyanoacetate and 3-nitrobenzaldehyde in ethanol under microwave irradiation. The pyran ring adopts a boat conformation.


The government issued a Circular of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Directorate of Higher Education Number 1 of 2020 concerning preventing the spread of Covid-19 in the world of education. The government has banned universities from conducting face-to-face lectures and ordered them to hold online lectures or learning. Research Objectives to determine the effect of online learning during the Covid 19 pandemic on the academic achievement of students of the North Aceh Nursing Study Program. This type of research is quantitative with a survey design. This research was conducted at the North Aceh Nursing Study Program. This research was conducted for 6 days. The population in this study were nursing students level 1 and 2 with a total sample of 140 students. The results of the study showed a decrease in GPA of 0.26 in online learning.


two, the cyber security response that reviews cyber security control frameworks, cyber security, digital intelligence, and the future of cyber security. An appendix offers a sample response plan. There are many (usually British) examples of both disasters and their fixes. By the time you are done with all this, you are either in panic, and/or convinced some folks are just plain bad, no matter what. In many ways, this is something to read before you call in a consultant. (Chris Sterling)


This digest presents a computationally efficient multi-objective direct model predictive control of grid-tied 3L-active neutral-point clamped converter (ANPC) with an output LCL filter. The ANPC topology is widely used as an interface for efficient power conversion in medium-high power applications. Direct MPC allows fast and decoupled control of state-variables through a user defined cost function. However, the state-variable predictions require iteration of 27 switching vectors which increases the computational burden, making the deployment of the controller infeasible to low-cost mass-marketed DSPs. The method presented in this study restricts the number of switching states being checked through a limitation criteria. The criteria reduces the number of states being checked from 27 to just 7 at maximum, making the computational burden identical to that of a six switch 2L-VSC. The presented approach is verified by deploying the controller on a TMS320F28379D DSP and the plant on PLECS RTBox 3. In addition, the presented method is compared against an existing state-of-the-art state vector limitation technique. The results show an improvement in grid current THD throughout the power range at the expense of marginal increase in switching frequency of the converter.


A commitment to logico-scientific forms of knowing still dominates organization theory. Recently, narrative knowing and sensemaking have emerged as alternatives, but these approaches still identify the past as the locus for knowledge. Athird alternative, linked to concepts such as tacit knowledge, suggests that knowing can happen directly within the present but largely lacks the theoretical grounding that would make its practical implementation possible. To remedy this lack, this article introduces the future as a temporal locus for knowing. It distinguishes the told stories of narrative theory from the lived stories that shape human experience and invites a focus on the dynamic of the lived story rather than its content. A knowing open to the emerging, unknown future can be an invaluable resource for shaping organizational change, responding to a rapidly changing environment, integrating personal with organizational concerns, and exploring the ends that organizations serve.


To address the insolubility problem of polyketones, we used an approach to high molecular weight wholly aromatic polyketones without ether linkages via soluble precursors derived from isophthaldehyde-based bis(aminonitrile)s. Polymerization of bis(α-aminonitrile)s with activated dihalides using NaH as base in DMF yielded soluble, high molecular weight poly(aminonitrile)s, which were hydrolyzed in acidic conditions to produce the corresponding aromatic polyketones without ether linkages or alkyl substituents in the polymeric backbones. These polyketones displayed excellent thermal properties and solvent resistance. For the synthesis of poly(aminonitrile)s and polyketones containing ether linkages in the polymeric backbone, only low to medium molecular weight polymers were obtained. Model studies proved that the carbanions of the aminonitriles reacted with ether linkages to form more stable phenoxide anions and cause the termination of the polymerization.


Includes 6 reports or statements on the activities of the department of conservation of works of art, academy of fine arts in Cracow/Poland, its various institutes or former teachers, on the occasion of the department's 40th anniversary in 1990: 1) brief history of the Cracow department of conservation, by Maria Dayczak-Domanisiewicz; 2) Jozef Edward Dutkiewicz (1903-1968), by Lech Kalinowski; 3) the Institute of conservation of wall paintings and architectural sculptures (1966-1990), by W ladys law Zalewski; 4) the institute for conservation of easel paintings and polychrome wood sculptures, by Zofia Medwecka; 5) the institute of conservation technology and techniques of works of art, by Jozef Nykiel; 6) the institute of physics and chemistry by Maria Ligeza.


There is increasing evidence to suggest that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is related to the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, these findings are inconsistent. The present study was performed with the aim of exploring the utility of NLR in patients with RCC treated with ICIs. For this purpose, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase was performed to find studies evaluating the prognostic value of NLR. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the assessed clinical outcomes. All statistical analysis was performed using Stata version 12.0 software. The combined hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NLR for OS and PFS were calculated using the random-effect models. Heterogeneity was evaluated based on the I 2 value and Cochran's Q test. Egger's and Begg's tests were applied to precisely assess the publication bias. The "trim and fill" method was adopted to perform the sensitivity analysis to determine whether the results were stable. In total, 12 studies encompassing 1,275 patients were included in the final analysis. The results revealed that a high NLR at baseline or pre-therapy was associated with a poor OS (HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.84–2.70; p < 0.001) and PFS (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.72–2.09; p < 0.001). During the course of treatment, a decrease in the NLR was associated with a significantly longer OS (HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.20–0.56; p < 0.001) and PFS (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.30–0.63; p < 0.001) compared to an increase in NLR. As a preliminary screening of other risk factors, age, sex, race, and IMDC risk may have a certain prognostic value for RCC treated with ICIs. People over 70 years old had better OS compared to people younger than 70 (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48–0.89). Non-Caucasians treated with immunotherapy had a worse OS (HR, 8.67; 95% CI, 2.87–26.2) and PFS (HR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.28–5.48) than Caucasians. Males had a worse OS than females (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.14–1.93). Compared with the IMDC favorable risk group, the OS of the IMDC poor risk group was worse (HR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.56–4.32). There was no significant publication bias or heterogeneity observed in the present study. On the whole, the present study demonstrated that an elevated NLR is associated with an adverse OS and PFS in patients with RCC treated with ICIs. The NLR may thus be used as a readily available prognostic biomarker for these patients. Age, sex, race, and IMDC risk may have potential predictive value for the prognosis of RCC treated with ICIs. However, further investigations are warranted to validate these results.


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As part of the government's think tank,counselors at all levels,for the past 55 years,have made great contributions to the development of the united front causes and the promotion of all undertakings of the whole society's civilization progress. In the new era of 21st century,with more specific task goal and more profound connotation of the times,the work of counseling should be strengthened and consummated.


Abstract Ligand substitution occurs readily at room temperature upon mixing stoichiometric quantities of [Cu(phen)] NO, and free triphenylphosphine or diphosphines Ph, P(CH), PPh, (n = 1–3). The resultant cationic complexes [Cu(phen)(PP)]X are isolated as PF,- or NO,- salts in high yields.


The material in this thesis is the result of a year's experience in the solution of problems on the Caltech Electric Analog Computer. Although much work has been done elsewhere, the solution of partial differential equations is a relatively new field for the Caltech Computer. It is natural that such an undertaking should initiate points of view and techniques that differ from those of other investigators., This thesis contains the development of certain ideas that have been useful to the author in the solution of problems on the computer.

In Part I, finite difference methods are treated with reference to problems with one space variable. Techniques are developed for the representation of differential operators by means of electrical networks and the question of unequal lumping is discussed.

The solutions of the fourth order differential equations of a beam are treated in Part II. Such practical considerations as the effects of parasitic impedances and cell size are investigated. Solutions are presented for the normal modes of a cantilever beam, the transient vibration of a cantilever beam, and the coupled modes of vibration of an airplane wing.

Problems involving the scalar Laplacian operator are treated in Part III. A general asymmetric network is developed that is useful for problems with irregular boundaries and for problems where it is desired to have variable cell size. These techniques are illustrated with respect to a cavity resonator problem and an electromagnetic radiation problem.

Elastic plate problems are treated in Part IV. The analogy for the elastic plate is an extension of the beam analogy to two dimensions. Here the difficult problems are those relating to the representation of boundary conditions, particularly of boundary conditions along an irregular edge.

Some conclusions regarding the construction of a network analyzer designed specifically for the solution of partial differential equations are given in Part V. The chief conclusion is that such a computer must contain a much larger number of electrical elements than are at present available in the Caltech Computer.


In situ monitoring techniques are essential for the control and optimization of the cocrystallization process. In our previous study, we successfully monitored indomethacin–saccharin (IMC–SAC) cocrystallization by antisolvent addition using a method based on near-infrared principal component analysis (NIR–PCA). In this study, a calibration model was developed to predict the solute concentration of the two components. Several samples withdrawn from five sets of experiments were used to develop the calibration model. The actual concentrations of the two components were determined using UV–vis spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The amount of solid-phase material in suspension was calculated from these solute concentration data. Correlations between NIR spectra and solid concentrations were evaluated using partial least-squares (PLS) regression analyses. Reasonably good calibration models with determination coefficients (R2) higher than 0.979 were obtained. Process monitoring was ...