included in the bibliography do not, in fact, seem to have been used in the compilation of articles, e.g. Dr W.D. O'Flaherty's Asceticism and Eroticism in the Mythology of Siva is included, but there is no mention (s.v. Siva) of these two aspects of the mythology nor any reference to the book in the article. Only prolonged use of this Dictionary will reveal whether such errors and omissions, noted in a random sampling of articles, are typical of the book as a whole, or are merely isolated examples. Despite them, this book is undoubtedly a great improvement upon Dowson. One would have liked to be able to say that it will immediately replace him, but unfortunately the authors have ensured that scholars will need to possess both dictionaries, by omitting some of the information which Dowson gives. It was probably not easy to decide how much of Dowson's information they should retain, but a comparison of the Stutleys' article on the Mauryas with Dowson's article on C(h) andragupta leaves no doubt in this reviewer's mind that the former were wrong to omit many of the details given by the latter, and in particular the importance which the identification of Candragupta with the king called Sandrokottos by the Greeks has for the history of India. As readers are actually referred to Dowson on occasion for information, e.g. for the genealogical table of the Lunar dynasty (s.v. Candravamsa), it is clear that the authors themselves assume that Dowson's dictionary will continue to exist alongside theirs.


The article examines the problems of equity and inequality in debt relations in developing economies. The author tries to explain the reason for the high tolerance for injustice of clients of microfinance organizations with the system of paternalistic relations, which are still typical for countries that have recently become market economies.


Incidence in the United States (US) peaked most recently in 1992 at 26,673 cases (10.4 cases per 100,000 persons), which was associated with the emergence of the HIV epidemic together with declines in funding for TB control in the 1980s. 2 Tuberculosis incidence has since declined, with only 9,945 cases reported in 2012 (3.2 per 100,000). Sixty-three percent of TB cases in 2012 occurred among foreign-born populations. 3 In Rhode Island (RI), highest rates are seen among persons from Guatemala (23%), Dominican Republic (15%), and Cambodia (15%). Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, defined as resistance to isoniazid and rifam pin, has been reported in 1% of US TB cases consistently. Though pulmonary TB is most common, disease can occur throughout the body with diverse manifestations. Tuberculosis is spread by persons with pulmonary disease. Following initial infection within the lungs, the infection is usually contained and the mycobacteria remain quiescent within granulomas, a state termed latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). 4 Ten percent of infected persons subsequently develop TB over the course of their life, with half of that risk occurring within the first 2 years after infection. For persons with HIV, the risk of reactivation is higher and may reach 10% per year. Though eradication of infection may be possible, this cannot be confirmed with current testing and the assumption is made that all those infected are at risk for reactivation disease. Predictive models have been developed to estimate the risk of TB and of treatment complications with risk calculators available online. 5,6


The CO2 laser is widely used in material processing and military field for its high output power. So a high damage threshold is especially necessary for the component of the CO2 laser system. This paper aims to design and prepare the anti-reflective films for 10.6µm, and research the influence of mechanical properties and microstructure of thin films (DLC and Ge) synthesized by RF-PECVD. The effect of deposition parameters on the structure and properties of thin films is studied. The films deposited are studied by AFM, Raman and FTIR. The test results show transmittance of deposited anti-reflective films at 10.6µm is higher than 82%, which is close to theory value. The films have high damage threshold (12.6W). The results reveal that the coating is suitable for CO2 laser optics system.


The damage caused to cotton by the yellow tea-mite, Hemitarsonemus latus (Banks),was first seen in Uganda in 1945 and is now known throughout the important cotton-growing areas of the country. Experiments on cotton in the Belgian Congo showed that sprays and dusts of several insecticides would control or prevent infestations of H. latus ;earlier published work in Ugandasuggested that BHC reduced tea-mite damage and DDT increased it,when both were appliedas sprays from wettable powders.However,tea-mite damage was not noticeable on trials in which single rows of cotton were sprayed with DDT emulsion,or on large-scale trials using DDT formulated as a water-miscible liquid. These trials were all directed against the pest insects Earias spp. and Lygus vosseleri Popp.,the standard rate of application being 1 lb. active ingredientper acre applied four times at ten-day intervals.


The file named "ChiangJian-Tzyh.pdf" is the primary dissertation file. All other files ("*.mpg") are supplemental files and may be viewed individually.


Aiming at the characteristic of street light,a new type of easy street light controller design method is proposed.The method makes use of photosensitive resistor and Schmitt trigger composed of light-control circuit to switch on the street light in the evening,and makes use of capacitor charging and discharging characteristics to control duration of light-time.The overall framework,the hardware circuit and the parameter design were introduced.The feasibility was proved through the circuit simulation and experiment.The design is simple in principle,easy maintenance and low cost and has a high application value.


The two-dimensional electron gas in δ-doped double quantum wells has been studied by using the Shubnikov–de Haas measurement. It was discovered that the δ-doping layer at the central barrier is able to prevent the electron coupling in the two wells and that the persistent photoconductivity can be reduced due to the thinner barrier. A δ-doped multiple quantum well structure for photodetector application was also proposed.


Supplemental oxygen therapy is central to the treatment of acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure, a condition which remains a major driver for morbidity and mortality in intensive care. Despite several large randomised clinical trials comparing a higher versus a lower oxygenation target for these patients, significant differences in study design impede analysis of aggregate data and final clinical recommendations.


In order to study the in-plane deformation behavior of a new energy-saving wall,namely the foam-in-place cavity wall,13 patches of cavity walls and 1 patch of solid wall were built and tested.The dynamic hysteretic loop curves,the backbone curves and time history curves of displacement were obtained considering the variation of heights,ductility,energy dissipation and stiffness degradation.The effects of axial compression ratio,shape and layout of ties,and insulation layer thickness on structural seismic behaviors were investigated.The experimental results show that the deformation capacity and the overall performance of the cavity wall is improved efficiently with constructional columns,ties and reinforced concrete strip ears,and the cavity walls have good deformation and energy dissipation behaviors.


One in six couples experiences infertility, and this guide not only explains the phenomenon but also proposes a natural plan to combat the problem. Using the expertise of more than 40 years of clinical practice, this thoroughly researched handbook provides a wealth of self-help strategies that can easily be adopted to improve the chance of conception. Couples gain the knowledge necessary to naturally balance hormones, cure polycystic ovarian syndrome, avoid chemicals that sabotage fertility, overcome immune system disorders that lessen fertility, boost intake of vital vitamins and minerals that promote fertility, identify and overcome factors that lead to male infertility, and maintain a healthy pregnancy while reducing the risk of complications or miscarriage. Each specific therapy is supported by successful case histories sure to inspire confidence in couples struggling to conceive.


The BDZs have initially low risk of intoxication an d dependence, and this can contributed to prescript ion and abuse. And some prescribers sometimes do not provide the informatio n about the use of these drugs. The study objective was to verify the information provided to users of BZD, discussing th e use and promotion of rational use of this medicin es. In the December 2009 was interviewed the patient in a drugstore tha t have prescription with BZD. The data collection i nvolved the personal data of User, the use of medicines, and information received at time of prescription to BZD. We also i dentify the drugs which were used and the period of use, side effects, the doctor's specialty, in addition to information prov ided to the User. The majority of interviewed was women, married, with lo w level educational and more than 60 years. Besides that all interviewed use BZD for more than one year concurrently with ot er to control of chronic diseases. The informatio n about the use was provide by prescribers and relative to time of use, dosage. It suggest that the health situation of us ers can be carefully evaluate by the prescriber, especially in elderly. We emphas ize that the pharmaceutical dispensation should tak e complementary role to the medical staff of drug therapy regardless of use r's age.


The process of progress in three mainstream subjects,curriculum-centralism,children-centralism,and society-centralism,remind us that we should take a philosophical and integrated look at curriculum to set up a curriculum concept that is adaptable to the current progress of the new times.


The paper explores the quality in initial teacher education from a top– down and bottom– up perspective. The top– down perspective is analysed through examination of the legal context and external mechanisms for quality assurance in Croatian higher education. The analysis of the bottom– up approach is based on the concept of " quality culture" which has been introduced in the discourse about quality in higher education in order to " convey a connotation of quality as a shared value and a collective responsibility for all members of an institution, including students and administrative staff" (Quality Culture Project, EUA, 2006). Within top– down perspective it has been shown that the quality assurance of teacher education is managed within the broad framework of implementation of the Bologna process. The specific methodology for quality evaluation in initial teacher education has not yet been developed. From the bottom– up perspective the emergence of quality culture could be observed mainly through the projects carried out by the members of academic staff in teacher education institutions. The aims of these projects were to raise awareness about the importance of the quality culture and to strengthen individual and institutional commitment for delivering high quality education. The examples of such initiatives are presented as cases of good practice.


One widely held view of the future of American agriculture is that it will continue the current trend toward fewer but larger farms, greater centralization and vertical integration, and declining rural populations. If so, the research, teaching and extension institutions created to serve agriculture will not survive unless they can adapt to changing political and demographic conditions, especially the domination of the suburbs. This will require these institutions to set new goals for themselves. Their historic pursuit of increased technical efficiency already has been so successful that it has sharply reduced the farm population, which has been their main base of public support. Suburban America, in contrast, will demand an agriculture that is more in harmony with nature. Alternative notions of the Common Good can provide the philosophical basis for this shift Historically, the economic system, including agriculture, has regarded nature as something to be used to advance human well-being. In this view (which could be called "Liberal" in the 19th century sense of the term), the reason to protect nature is to insure that it can continue to serve human needs. In contrast, the "Ecocentric" view of the Common Good emphasizes that humans are part of an ecological community, and that we must optimize the balance between human needs and the health of the ecosystem.


The purpose of this research is to improve the skills of calculating various
fractions in the fifth grade students of SD Negeri Banaran 02 Sukoharjo Academic
Year 2014 through The Numbered Head Structures Model.
This research was classroom action research, it conducted in three cycles.
Each cycle consisted of four phases, namely: planning, implementation,
observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were the fifth grade
students of SD Negeri Banaran 02 Sukoharjo as many as 24 students. The data of
this research were collected from the teacher and the students thorugh
observation, in-depth interview, documentation, and test. The data validity used
were source triangulation, technique triangulation, and content validity. The data
analysis using analysis interactive, the technique of comparative descriptive and
critical analysis techniques.
The results of the research show that pretest results of calculating various
fractions is 60,29 with the minimum learning completeness of 41,67%. Following
the treatment, the class average become 63,04 with the minimum learning
completeness of 45,80% in cycle I, the class average become 77 with the
minimum learning completeness of 62,50% in cycle II, and 80 with the minimum
learning completeness of 83,33% in cycle III.
Based on the research results, a conclusion is drawn that the Numbered
Head Structures Model can improve the skills of the calculating various fraction
on the students in grade V of SD Negeri Banaran 02 Sukoharjo Academic Year
2014


The study was undertaken in Uttar Kannada district of Karnataka State. The two major Taluks viz., Mundagod and Haliyal where paddy has been largely replaced by cotton were selected for the study. From each taluka, 30 farmers growing paddy and 30 farmers growing cotton were selected randomly for the study. The growth rates in area, production and productivity of cotton for Uttar kannada district were 7.27 per cent, 17.01 per cent and 6.11 per cent, respectively. Whereas, paddy registered a growth rate of -1.74 per cent in case of area, - 2.16 per cent in production and -1.69 per cent in case of productivity. The cost of cultivation of cotton was higher than that of paddy but the gross returns were also higher in cotton cultivation resulting in higher net returns compared to these from paddy. Change in temperature (78.33% of farmers) and change in rainfall patterns (70.00% of farmers) were the major reasons for the farmers to shift over to cotton cultivation from their traditional paddy cultivation. Among the financial factors responsible for this shift in cultivation, the major ones were high income from cotton (76.79 % of farmers) and low income from paddy (70 % of farmers).


Floating car data has proved promising for measuring and estimating travel times. Many different concepts have been developed and tested. However, most of these concepts have not been commercialized or put into regular operation. Floating car data has not been used in Norway before. A Norwegian system for using floating car data based on taxi is now being developed. The system provides dynamic travel time data for an urban area, which will be implemented in route planning and fleet management systems. This paper provides a general presentation of floating car data methods and a description of the Norwegian system. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134653.


English, as an international language, takes such a position in foreign language teaching and learning in China. As we all know that the ultimate purpose of language teaching is to cultivate students' communicative ability including not only the oral ability, but also the writing ability. However, teaching of English writing is far from satisfactory, and many students still have a great difficulty in writing English composition. They find it hard to express their ideas and feeling freely and fluently, also they make many mistakes in vocabulary and grammar. Even though there are few grammar mistakes in the composition, it still seems more or less odd when read by native speakers. Teachers should make corresponding changes of the emphasis and pedagogy in their teaching and thus provide the most effective way to ease the students in the writing process and motivate them to write. The aim of this paper is to provide pedagogical implications to help the students to improve their English writing competence.


On 15 January 1968 a catastrophic earthquake struck fourteen towns of the Belice Valley. In half of the cases in the reconstruction plans it was decided to abandon and raze the old settlements affected by the earthquake and to build new ones in different places and not always close to their original centers. These 'new' cities were specifically Gibellina, Santa Margherita Belice, Vita, Menfi, Santa Ninfa, Montevago and Poggioreale. Among these centers Gibellina was the most damaged and the town was built about 18 kilometers away from the old settlement in an area within Salemi, where the highway and the railroad converged, in an attempt to take away the new center from the isolation in which it had lived for centuries. For the reconstruction of the town, similarly to what happened to other centers of Belice, a development plan was drawn up by the Istituto per l'Edilizia Sociale (ISES). The ISES, established by Italian Act No. 133 of 15 February 1963, was presented as a technical Rome-headquartered body in charge of social housing across the country and was also responsible for intervening in cases of housing reconstruction after public disasters. This Institute was assigned the task to elaborate the general plan, designed in an extensive urban model alien to the identity of the local population, was also responsible for the primary and secondary urbanization works, including the construction of social housing, school buildings (kindergarten and secondary school), a cemetery and a community center, in addition to the construction of a cattle and vegetable markets. At the same time the earthquake was the pretext for experimenting with significant projects by famous architects and artists, who were called to intervene in the new center by the then Mayor Ludovico Corrao. These professionals contributed to reconstruct the city and to make Gibellina a real 'museum' of modern architecture. Significant examples of the great cultural ferment that swept Gibellina since the seventies are the Cathedral by Ludovico Quaroni, the Secret Gardens by Francesco Venice, the Porta del Belice by Pietro Consagra, the system of squares designed by Laura Thermes and Franco Purini with the Civic Tower by Alessandro Mendini. This study aims going deeply into the case of Gibellina by analysing its new urban plan and its architectures, that represents a unicum among the cities rebuilt after strong earthquakes. For this research a variety of bibliographical and archival sources, especially the ISES fund, kept in the State Archive of Palermo, will be consulted. Particular attention will be given to the comparison between the case-study of Gibellina and the other towns of Belice destroyed by the earthquake in which the construction of the 'new' cities designed to replace the old centers has created identity problems that are still unsolved.


Abstract:
 An extensive collecting effort resulted in identification of 106 species of polychaetes from the intertidal and shallow subtidal of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. One hundred and three of the species reported here are new records. Only two species had not been previously collected from the Pacific coastline between Mexico and Chile. Transport of polychaetes to the island either as larvae, adults, or by rafting is discussed. Comparisons are made with the less well-analyzed polychaete fauna of the Galapágos Islands, with lower species richness on the smaller and ecologically less variable Isla del Coco. Relative lack of isolation between the polychaetes of Isla del Coco and the mainland is discussed.


This study was carried out to investigate effects of microelements under water deficit stress at different growth stages on antioxidant enzyme alteration, chemical biomarker and grain yield of maize in the years 2007 and 2008. The experiment was conducted in a split plot factorial based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. There were three factors, water deficit stress at different stages of growth as main plot and combinations of selenium (with and without using) and microelements (with and without using) as sub plots. The result indicated that the activity of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde content under water deficit stress increased, but grain yield was reduced. The highest grain yield was obtained from optimum irrigation, while in the case of with water deficit stress at V8 stage it was non significant. Selenium spray increased activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme, malondialdehyde content of leaves in V8, R2 and R4 stages and also grain yield. Application of microelements increased the leaves superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content. Selenium and microelements spray under water deficit stress conditions during vegetative growth and dough stage increased grain yield in comparison to not spraying elements under water stress conditions. The present results also showed that by using selenium and microelements under water stress can obtain acceptable yield compared to not using these elements.


Snail and clam shells are waste materials from Snail and Clam after removing the edible part. They are often dumped as waste to the environment and causes environmental pollution. This research aimed at comparing admixtures from these waste shells as alternative to cement. Snail shell, Clam shell and Snail/Clam shell mixtures were used as partial replacement of cement in this work because of their pozzolan nature. The result from the experiment carried out showed that Snail/Clam shell mix mortar mould had better comprehensive strength compared to snail or clam shell mould respectively at partial replacements by weight (1030%). The comprehensive strength of the mortar mould also decreases with increase shell ash content mixed with the cement. Maximum partial replacement by weight of cement with snail shell ash was obtained at 20% with comprehensive strength of 20 N/mm2. Clam shell ash was at 25% with comprehensive strength 30 N/mm2 while Snail/Clam shell ash mixture had comprehensive strength of 38 N/mm2 at partial replacement of 25%. The initial and final setting times for the blended cement paste increases as the shell ash replacement increases with Snail shell ash blended cement having higher initial and final setting, followed by Snail/Clam mixture blended cement.


Nowadays, with the mobile phone, it is possible to commit several infringements, threat, blackmail, insult, terrorist acts etc. To mitigate these possibilities, the identification of the subscribers is a necessary and obligatory operation. In Senegal, the identification is a matter of national security. For the best regulation of subscribers, we suggest a platform of secured and centralized identification integrating advanced technologies which will on the run put an end to the unregulated sale of chips. The proof of the good realization of our platform of identification was made by the use of a secure and centralized database where terminals can log for operations of identification. This device will make it possible for the competent jurisdictions to have a visibility on the number of subscribers per operator and the total of subscribers on all the national extent of the territory.


This paper develops a general methodology for identifying non-linear boat dynamics with respect to varying a boat's jet thrust angle and RPM inputs. Parameter identification is formulated in terms of integrals, which enables a set of linear equations in the parameters to be set up. This approach then allows for creation of a simplified and more easily identified model to bootstrap a pure non-linear model with very little computational effort required. As proof of concept, the integral method is used to reproduce the dynamics of a non-linear boat model. Results demonstrate that the integral method is fast and accurate while a comparison against the NARMAX modeling shows a definite speed advantage.


We examined the well-known spontaneous discharge (SD) and lightevoked (PD) discharge of the crayfish caudal photoreceptor for the possible existence of a daily rhythm in spike frequency. To do this, we isolated the abdominal nerve cord in vitro and studied its discharge frequency in constant darkness. Single cosinor analysis revealed significant SD and PD circadian rhythms (P <. 05) with periods τ = 24.4h and 24.2h, respectively. These oscillations correspond to an endogenous circadian discharge of the caudal photoreceptor that is enhanced by light. The importance of this rhythm in the adaptive behavior of crayfish is discussed. (Chronobiology International, 18(5), 759–765, 2001)


Porush identifies a distinctive literary genre whose fictional themes, stylistic elements, and assertions of authorship react to recent technological developments. His book reviews twentieth-century advances in physics and information science, and shows how contemporary writers, such as Vonnegut, Burroughs, Pynchon, and Barth incorporate them into literary exercises in self-reflection which exemplify, as well as depict, the limits of mechanistic reasoning. His treatment is original, since it goes beyond extant discussions of technological determinism as a topic in modern fiction, but it is also uneven and at times sketchy in its ambitious coverage of an array of issues from philosophy, science, and literary theory. The central theme in the book is cybernetics, a term coined by Norbert Wiener in the 1940s to describe an interdisciplinary field adapting thermodynamic and other physical principles to the study of human communication. Cybernetics has had widespread influence on artificial intelligence, linguistics, the human sciences, and, as Porush shows, the arts. Porush identifies "cybernetic fiction" as a genre whose texts "operationalize" the imagery of artificial intelligence and systems theory, adopting a language of information, system, redundancy, and entropy to give the reader a sense of entering into an autonomous text or programmed language. In various ways, the texts construe the machine as author, as man-the-machine becomes both theme and reflexive


The title compound, [Cu 2 (C 19 H 15 N 2 ) 4 ].2CH 2 Cl 2 , forms a cage structure with fourfold symmetry. The cage comprises two Cu atoms lying on the axis and four bridging ligand units related by the fourfold rotation. The ligand units also have approximate twofold axial symmetry. The Cu1-Cu2 separation of 2.460(2)A is consistent with a single-bond distance. The metal-ligand distances, Cu1-N1 of 2.020(5) and Cu2-N2 of 2.027(4)A, are effectively equal. A cavity within the structure is occupied by disordered molecules of dichloromethane solvent.


Through both his writings and his example as a martyr, the Egyptian activist and author Sayyid Qutb (d. 1966) has become one of the better known representatives of the more radical tendencies in the contemporary "resurgence" of Islam. His later writings have been described as a charter for Islamic revolution and a major inspiration for extremist groups such as one responsible for the assassination of Anwar al-Sadat in Egypt.1 Qutb came to his radical views relatively late in life, however, after having espoused more secularist views at an earlier stage. While considerable scholarly attention has been given to his later writings, relatively little attention has been given to his earlier writings and activities or to the transition from


Frequency Resolution 100 Hz Accuracy ±2 PPM Switching 100 μs Spurious Typical -80 dBc Maximum -70 dBc VSWR 1.5:1 Harmonics Typical -40 dBc Maximum -15 dBc SubHarmonics LMS-802, LMS-103, LMS-123 -60 dBm LMS-163, LMS-203 -25 dBc Selectable Internal/External Reference Frequency 10 MHz Input Level 500 mV to 3V peak to peak Phase Continuous Linear Frequency Sweep (LFM) Sweep Time 1 ms to 1000 seconds Sweep Direction Up, down, bidirectional Optional Pulse Modulation Pulse Depth LMS-163, LMS-203 -45 dBc typical, -35 dBc min All Other Models -70 dBc typical, -60 dBc min Rise/Fall Time 30 ns typical Internal/External Pulse Mode Pulse Width 100 ns min PRI 100 ns plus pulse width min Resolution 100 ns Trigger Input/Output 0 to 5 Volts RF Connector SMA-female USB Connector B-female Dimensions 4.90 x 3.14 x 1.59 in. (124 x 80 x 40 mm) Weight < 1.0 lbs. (< .45 kG) Available Options Opt 003 Pulse modulation Opt 004 External Frequency Sweep Trigger Included Accessories USB Flash Drive with GUI Software & User Manual/Programming Guide 3' USB Cable


This case study describes the creation of an internal design knowledge management tool for web developers as a means to encourage user-centered development practices. With a goal to shift a software development culture from waterfall-style to user-centered practices, the repository of knowledge and code is created as an incentive for programmers to create interfaces in a user-centered and consistent way.Several experimental techniques are used in development of the tool. The process treats software developers as a user group and approaches the creation of design guidelines as if they were a product. In addition, the use of agile software development techniques, as driven by interaction and interface design, coupled with off-the-shelf blog software as a extensible, lightweight content management system makes this an experiment on multiple levels.Results about the success of the experiment are still pending, but the authors are optimistic.


The complex production and market globalization etc make the supply chain become increasingly large. In this case, supply chain management becomes more complex, if real estate enterprises have not technical basis this management form would be difficult to achieve. As the competition in the real estate market get s more and more severe, it is difficult for real estate enterprises to gain advantages from technologies and products. E-commerce is a new type of enterprise management systems in this environment. We can nail down implemented methods and steps from the value of enterprises gained at different stages of ecommerce system and e-commerce implementation approach. It is helpful to the successful implementation of real estate business e-commerce.


It is proposed to transfer a user interface from a first device to a second device on the basis of an identifier, which, for example by means of a visual code (for example, QR-codes) or as a message (for example, a NFC message) from the first to the second device is transmitted. Optionally, the second device may be based on additional contracted from a central unit information to determine the user interface to be displayed on the second device, by means of the provided identifier. It is of advantage that a seamless use of a user interface is enabled on different devices. Furthermore, it is advantageous that, for example, the user interface for the second device can be flexibly adjusted depending on the physical conditions of the second device and / or depending on user-specific rights.


In late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,the changes of government produced great social instability,Qian Bangqi,an outstanding scholar,cut his hair to be a monk,trying to reach understanding of Zen,and enjoying quite a reputation as "Blunder Monk. "When he retired in Yuqing County,Guizhou,Binchuan County,Yunnan Province,he wrote a large number of Zen poetry with profound artistic conception,whether the "stick"in the tour of Mount Ta,or the stone in the mountain of Zen,or the water in the hermit lake,revealed the integrity and loyalty of the official of Ming Dynasty who wanted to dedicate himself to the service of his country but couldn't find the way,and finally was converted to Buddhism,living lonely and helplessly.


The article introduced the measure principle of new technique of monitoring the face deflection with light transmitting fiber gyro,and the technical process and quality control key of its operating track erection. It put forward the modified proposal about operating track of light transmitting fiber gyro,and has made useful exploration in new technique of monitoring the face deflection with light transmitting fiber gyro.


In this paper, we propose a new regulated evolution in P systems with isotonic arrays and isotonic array rules. The regulated language will be a language of Chomsky hierarchy. This model generates interesting pictures for a given regulated language. The generative capacity is explored.


The traditional design of runner includes hydraulic and geometrical design.It cannot satisfy with digital design and manufacturing that the traditional 2D pattern drawings used for defining turbine blade in geometrical design.In this paper,a way of 3D modeling using CAD and Gambit in modeling of runner blade is introduced.After 3D modeling finished,it can easily do the 3D modeling of runner to make the foundation of the future CFD calculation,capability forecast and CAM of the runner.


Hyperinflammatory responses including the production of NLRP3‐dependent interleukin (IL)‐1β is a characteristic feature of severe and fatal influenza A virus (IAV) infections. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been shown to play a temporal role during severe IAV immune responses, with early protective and later detrimental responses. However, the specific contribution of IL‐1β in modulating IAV disease in vivo is currently not well defined. Here, we identified that activation of NLRP3‐dependent IL‐1β responses occurs rapidly following HKx31 H3N2 infection, prior to the onset of severe IAV disease. Mature IL‐1β was detectable in vivo in both hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic cells. Significantly, therapeutic inhibition of IL‐1β in the airways with intranasal anti‐IL‐1β antibody treatment from day 3 postinfection, corresponding to the onset of clinical signs of disease, significantly prolonged survival and reduced inflammation in the airways. Importantly, early targeting of IL‐1β from day 1 postinfection also improved survival. Together, these studies specifically define a role for IL‐1β in contributing to the development of hyperinflammation and disease and indicate that targeting IL‐1β is a potential therapeutic strategy for severe IAV infections.


Monocytic chemotactic protein-1-cytokin, attributed to the group of chemokins, is the most powerful factor of monocyte chemotaxis in the body of mammalians as well as memory T-cells and dendrite cells to inflammatory foci and is produced upon tissue damages or infection introduced. MCP-1 is mainly secreted by monocytes, macrophages and dendrite cells. Clinical significance of MCP-1 consists in participation of some diseases in pathogenesis: psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis. MCP-1 is involved into the processes of developing central nervous system diseases, which are characterized by neuronal degeneration. Besides, this cytokine plays a significant role in vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus and formation of obesity insulin resistance.


This study probes the nature of inter‐state alignments. Alignment is argued to be one type of structural relation that follows the logic of structural balance (Heider, 1946, 1958;Cartwright and Harary, 1956). The findings from a case study of the superpower strategic triangle, 1971–1988, support the general hypothesis about the tendency toward balance in structural relations. The structural mechanism in this triangle appears to help balance the bilateral conflicts among China, the Soviet Union, and the United States, and hence produced a war‐free era from 1971 to 1988 among the three countries. These results support the view that balance and stability can be better preserved in a multilateral rather than in a bilateral context. While it is premature to offer a definitive conclusion on the theory of structural balance, this study suggests some new ways to probe the nature of alignment relations.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of dollarization in Ecuador, through the application of the counterfactual method, where variables such as M2, population, monetary reserves, trade balance and inflation will serve as a control for determining an Ecuador without dollarization. The analysis will be focused on GDP, credit to the central government and gross domestic savings in order to encounter a parallel situation of the country and compare it with the current, for understanding the viability of a process of de-dollarization given the present economic and political conditions in Ecuador.


Deng Xiaoping's adversity consciousness accompanies his leadership of China's reform and opening up and is embodied in all fields of the socialist construction with Chinese characteristics, that is his concern about China's development, people's lives and party building. Basically, it is characterized by the combination of overall and long-term situation, unification of adversity consciousness and firm confidence, and coexistence of facing the problems and seeking countermeasures. It enlightens us on that people should grasp the development trend of things and know clearly the complication of the way forward, that people should do their utmost to solve problems fundamentally by seeing through the appearance to perceive the essence, and that people should develop overall consciousness and a global perspective.


In this paper,the m order formal asymptotic solution for a quadratic singularly perturbed problem with the Robin Boundary conditions is constructed by introducing extended variables.At the same time,the homogeneous boundary condition is also constructed.Under the homogeneous boundary condition,a bijective mapping and the Lipschitz condition are proved.Then the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the Robin problem is proved by using the fixed-point theorem.Two maps have been utilized when the homogeneous boundary condition is constructed.


With the rapid development of our society and economy, traffic congestion caused by the increase in vehicles is an important challenge we are facing today. Traffic control, as an integral part of intelligent transport systems (ITS), plays a huge role in traffic control areas. A good signal control method can greatly improve the traffic capacity of vehicles on the road. In this paper, based on the traditional DQN algorithm, we propose a gradient algorithm based on meta-learning to promote the adjustment of the training parameters of the DQN algorithm and add an attention mechanism in the depth neural network to aggregate the effective features. Finally, we adjust the loss function to obtain a more effective DQN algorithm for road signal control. Simulation experiments conducted by SUMO simulation software prove the effectiveness of our method.


Background: The goal of this population-based study was to determine the impact of post-mastectomy radiation therapy on long-term overall survival (OS) of male patients with breast cancer. Patients and Methods: We investigated 20-year OS rates of 664 patients diagnosed with primary stage I-III breast cancer in former East Germany between 1970 and 1989. Patients had a radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection without systemic adjuvant therapy. Results: Median follow-up time was 26.2 years (range 19-38 years). 52.4% of the patients had post-mastectomy radiotherapy. Radiotherapy showed different effects in each stage group after 20 years. Whereas there was an OS trend for radiotherapy to harm patients with stage I disease (hazard ratio (HR) 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98-2.15; p = 0.065), radiotherapy showed no benefit in patients with stage II disease (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.62-1.1; p = 0.15). There was a significant survival benefit for patients with stage III disease receiving radiotherapy (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.41-0.88; p = 0.008). Conclusion: Post-mastectomy radiotherapy is associated with longer OS in male patients with stage III breast cancer. Male breast cancer patients at stages I and II do not seem to benefit from radiotherapy, but obsolete irradiation techniques might explain adverse long-term effects in earlier stages.


Many investors and savers prefer to make their own investment decisions. However, unless you are well-informed and have clear goals, those investment decisions could do more harm than good.


Background. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication in most malignancies. Despite its frequent occurrence, current knowledge of MPE remains limited and the effect of the management is still unsatisfying. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) external treatment has unique advantages, such as quicker efficacy and fewer side effects. Objective. To observe the effects and safety of Kang'ai Xiaoshui ointment (TCM herbal ointment) in MPE. Design. This was a placebo-controlled double-blinded randomized study. A total of 80 patients were enrolled, of which 72 were randomized to receive Kang'ai Xiaoshui ointment or placebo at an allocation ratio of 1:1. Kang'ai Xiaoshui ointment or placebo was applied on the thorax wall for 8 hours daily. The intervention lasted 2 weeks. Kang'ai Xiaoshui ointment consisted of Astragalus membranaces (黄芪), Semen pharbitidis (牵牛子), Cassia twig (桂枝), Pericarpium arecae (大腹皮), Curcuma zedoary (莪术), Borneol (冰片), and other substances. In both groups, diuresis and drainages were used as needed. Outcomes covered the quantity of pleural effusion evaluation, TCM Symptom Scale, Karnofsky Performance Scale, and safety indicators such as routine blood test, blood biochemistry test, and response table of skin irritation. Results. Of 72 patients randomized to receive Kang'ai Xiaoshui ointment or placebo along with symptomatic treatment, the response rate was documented as 42.4% for the treatment group and 25.0% for the placebo group (P = .138). As for the TCM symptom scale, the treatment group showed improvement in chest distress (P = .003), fullness and distention (P = .042), shortness of breath (P < .001), no statistical significance in palpitation (P = .237), and pain (P = .063), whereas the placebo group did not show statistical significance in any of the 5 symptoms. Major adverse events related to the treatment, mainly skin irritation, were distributed equally. Conclusions. Kang'ai Xiaoshui ointment showed a potential of reducing MPE, and it could alleviate symptoms of dyspnea. Thus, it may be appropriate as a supplementary intervention for MPE. There were some flaws in the study design. A larger scale and better designed trial is advocated.


Rectangular waveguide slot array antenna is widely used in airborne radar. It has the characteristics of the small volume , light weight , high aperture efficiency and low wide-angle minor lobe and so on. The rectangular waveguide slot array is analyzed and directivity function and directional pattern are given in this paper. The analysis program is made and the data file of directional pattern used for general software is formed.


Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to compare plasma and urine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels in patients with different stages of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) with those in patients with primary glomerulonephritis (GN) and healthy controls. Methods: The study involved 47 patients with BEN (30 with manifest BEN and 17 in the early stage of BEN), 12 patients with GN and 10 healthy controls. Plasma and urine TGF-β1 was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The median plasma TGF-β1 levels differed nonsignificantly between the groups (4,908–6,442 pg/ml), but individual plasma TGF-β1 levels in BEN patients exhibited the highest dispersion. Median urinary TGF-β1 excretion (pg/mg creatinine) was significantly higher in patient groups (manifest BEN: 203, early-stage BEN: 341, GN: 775) than in healthy controls (42). No correlation was found between plasma and urine TGF-β1 levels or between plasma TGF-β1 levels and creatinine clearance for any of the examined groups. Conclusion: Plasma TGF-β1 levels in BEN patients extended over the widest range, but no significant differences were found between the median values for the groups. Median urinary TGF-β1 excretion was significantly higher in patients with BEN and GN than in healthy controls.


Recently, attention has been given to the cognitive processing of aversive emotional, or threat-related, information. Although investigations have often focused on anxiety disordered individuals, it is suggested that examination of "normal" individuals with varying levels of anxiety will increase the understanding of the cognitive processing of aversive emotional, or threatrelated, information. It has been hypothesized that high anxious individuals exhibit an attentional bias toward threat-related emotional information. The response of low anxious individuals to threat-related information is unclear. Som e evidence suggests that non-anxiety disordered individuals employ a m echanism that inhibits or interferes with the processing of threat-related, emotional information. The current study exam ines the cognitive processing of aversive emotional, or threat-related, information using a lexical decision task (LDT). The LDT, which requires subjects to decide if a letter string is or is not a word, h as examined cognitive processing of nonemotional information a s well as aversive emotional, or threat-related, information. In the current study, 94 subjects with differing anxiety levels, indexed by the STAI, responded to a computer-driven LDT. The LDT included 384 trials consisting of an attention capturing plus (+) sign followed by a prime word which w as replaced by a target letter string. Subjects indicated whether the target letter string represented a word in the English language by pressing keys on a computer keyboard. The design of the study involved a 2 x 4 withinsubjects variation of target word emotionality (emotional, nonemotional),


Numero 97 Enero - Abril 2000 Nueva Serie Ano XXXIII ISSN 0041 8633 LOS DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES EN LA CONSTITUCION ESPANOLA DE 1978 Pedro CRUZ VILLALON Javier PARDO FALCON This article starts with a discussion on the theoretical framework that is at the basis of fundamental rights. It analyses their quality as "guarantees"; their subjects and their addressees; as well as their content and limits. After this general frame-work, the article refers to specific funda-mental rights, as they have been established in the Spanish Constitu-tion, such as the socalled "inherent rights of human beings"; economic ri-ghts; due process rights; equality rights, among others. This is an outstanding synthesis that tries to resume a very complex and wide part of Spanish constitutional law, such as the one related to fundamental rights, taking care both of the descriptive and subs-tantive analysis. * Nota: Debido que la traduccion es automatica podra ser inexacta o contener errores.


This paper examines the change of supranationalism in system of the European political union during the European financial crisis. Since the entry into force of Lisbon Treaty, the EU decision-making process of transnational organizations affected the propensity. First, this paper analyzes the changes in the policy-making process, and then this paper introduces the correlation of the European financial crisis with the decision-making process. Also, in December 2009 the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers to the present process and the results of the vote after the vote and effect relationship between the EU and covers the mechanism analysis. The main topics are classified by the community with the policy of each institution"s propensity to vote about whether the relationship between thematic impact analysis.


Objective To develop a multiplex PCR for specific detection of Brucella.Methods According to the sequences of outer membrane protein gene(31 kD,22 kD,and 2a),three pairs of primers that amplify 427,317 and 830 bp of the corresponding gene respectively,were designed.Using Brucella culture and simulated samples,the specifitciy and sensitivity of the PCR were analyzed.Results Three pairs of primer could specifically amplify Brucella DNA.The sensitivity of primer pairs of 31 kd,22 kd,and 2a for bacteria culture was 2.8×103cfu,4.6×103 cfu,and 2.1×104cfu respectively.By combining three primer pairs,a multiplex PCR was developed,the sensitivity of it for simulated cell culture of Brucella was 1×105cfu,and 1.2×106cfu for spiked blood sample.Conclusion Based on outer membrane protein genes,a multiplex PCR for specific detection of Brucella was developed.


The distribution of cholinesterase activity among microorganisms was investigated using three kinds of thiocholine esters as substrate. Acetylthiocholine-hydrolyzing activity was present in some species belonging to the fluorescent group in genera Pseudomonas. Ps. aeruginosa species exhibited intense activity. An isolated strain, Ps. aeruginosa A-16, showed the highest activity specific for acetylcholine and acetylthiocholine, and was inhibited by neostigmine. Enzyme formation was induced by choline, and was repressed by glucose. Ps. polycolor IFO 3918, which could grow on butyrylcholine as well as acetylcholine as its carbon and nitrogen source, was found to produce two kinds of esterase which hydroyzed acetylcholine or butyrylcholine. These esterases of Ps. polycolor were fractionated with ammonium sulfate. One of them, the butyrylcholine-hydrolyzing enzyme, was inhibited by atropine and eserine, but was not sensitive to repression by glucose.


Aim  The imperfect detection of species may lead to erroneous conclusions about species–environment relationships. Accuracy in species detection usually requires temporal replication at sampling sites, a time‐consuming and costly monitoring scheme. Here, we applied a lower‐cost alternative based on a double‐sampling approach to incorporate the reliability of species detection into regression‐based species distribution modelling.


Published in a book series that promotes focused examination of the role communication plays in the realm of politics, John Parmelee and Shannon Bichard's multimethod study of how political leaders...


The present invention provides a method of reworking an array substrate including a gate metal layer, a gate insulation layer (G1), a semiconductor layer, a source/drain metal layer, a lower passivation layer, a common electrode layer, an upper passivation layer, and a pixel electrode layer sequentially formed therein. By using a rework mask protecting a jumping passivation hole area in reworking the pixel electrode layer, the method can maintain the electric connection between the common electrode layer and the rework pixel electrode pattern in the jumping passivation hole area even after the pixel electrode rework process, to thereby reduce the occurrence of failure and the reduction of throughput due to the rework process.


The paper describes the development of an optical microphone on an integrated-optical basis. The applied modulation principle is based on the change of the coupling ratio between two butt-coupled optical waveguides induced by lateral displacement of the guides. The coupling beam is first directed to a reflective membrane before being coupled into the receiving waveguide, allowing the membrane movement to be detected in a non-contact manner. The necessary waveguide structure is contained in an integrated-optical chip. This chip was produced with the aid of a technique based on the polymer PMMA, specially developed for this purpose. The necessary change of the refractive index was generated by means of a photochemical method. The coupling performance of the chips is largely in agreement with the theoretical values.


Since high-resolution inverse synthetic radar (ISAR) images are significant in the analysis of moving targets, this paper, for the first time, proposes a novel method to compensate the uniform rotational motion by estimating the effective rotational velocity (ERV) in image domain. Specifically, we extract high-energy scatterers of sequent ISAR images by scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) in order to link them with the related ERV in the imaging panel. Then we adopt registering approach based on minimum Euclidian distance and Gaussian probabilistic density function to select scatterers with the mostly similar rotational aspect. After that, we estimate the ERV in a searching manner, and then employ it in the cancellation of quadratic-order phase items in the cross-range cells of the image. This method is validated quick and efficient by both simulated and real signal experiments.


Understanding how decisions are made in risky situations with incomplete, imperfect, and uncertain information continues to be a critical interdisciplinary research question that has far-reaching implications in fields ranging from engineering to economics to public policy. In situations where multiple alternatives to a particular problem exist, each with uncertain variables and payoffs that must be analyzed and decided upon, the aim is to improve decision making so that goals can be attained while minimizing undesirable, unintended consequences. Concurrent with the problem of decision making is forecasting the effects of decisions. Both of these matters are complicated by the realities of collective decision making of increasing scale and complexity that is typical of highly complex engineering design problems. Decision-making research is also progressively turning to the problem of the complex interplay of stakeholders, each with differing authority and information on which to make decisions and who have competing beliefs and incentives. All of these facets of decision make this an exciting area of research. In order to tackle these matters, research methods in decision making now range from formal, mathematical modeling to statistical mechanics based models to agent-based modeling and simulation to empirical, behavioral research. Research in this area is reaching beyond normative models of decision making to examine cognitive (e.g., frames), emotional (e.g., beliefs), and social factors (e.g., herding) that influence decision making. This Special Issue is aimed at disseminating the state-of-the-art research and applications, addressing the major challenges and issues of decision modeling, and developing and applying intelligent decision support systems. The Guest Editors invite authors to submit original papers to this Special Issue. We are also interested in authoritative reviews of the state of the art and directions for future research in the area. The Special Issue will cover, but is not limited to, the following topics:


Conflict is part of human interaction. A review of some of the literature on the history, as well as on the educational and psychological impact of violence in South African schools, is provided here. It is suggested that intervention and prevention strategies to deal with the effect of violence include training to provide market-related skills to a "lost generation," organizational structures--involving the school and the community--to deal with crisis situations, psycho-educational programs to help students cope with conflict, and ways to address psychological and behavioral problems resulting from conflict. A study was conducted to obtain the opinion of educational psychologists on their role regarding school violence. Results indicated that irrespective of whether the respondents were exposed to violence in the schools they worked in, they agreed that school violence had an extremely negative effect on the educational climate and should be dealt with urgently. Participants made many suggestions on how to improve the situation, but much of this advice was vague in terms of practical implications. The psychologists regarded their main function as providing psychological counseling and therapy to children and their families. It is suggested that the training needs in educational psychology and in violence-related skills be addressed. Contains 61 references. (RJM) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SCHOOL VIOLENCE, CHILDREN AND TRAUMA Held at the 104th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, August 1996 SESSION ON INTERNATIONAL ISSUES IN SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY Held at the XXVI International Congress of Psychology, Montreal, August 1996 SCHOOL VIOLENCE: PSYCHOLOGISTS' PERSPECTIVE R. van Eeden. Department of Psychology, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0001, Republic of South Africa K.M. Sebate Group Education, Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X41, Pretoria 0001, Republic of South Africa J.H. Straussner Guidance and Child Study Center, Putnam/Northern Westchester Board of Cooperative Educational Services, 200 BOCES Drive, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, United States ofAmerica This paper gives a review of some of the literature on the history as well as on the educational and psychological impact of violence in South African schools. Intervention and prevention strategies to deal with its effects include training to provide market-related skills to a 'lost generation', organizational structures involving the school and the community to deal with crisis situations, psycho-educational programmes to help students cope with conflict, and addressing psychological and behavioural problems resulting from the conflict. The manifestation of school violence in South Africa and how this problem is being dealt with are emphasized at the symposium on school violence, children and trauma (APA Convention). A study was conducted at educational-psychological services to determine what educational psychologists saw as their role in dealing with school violence, The results of this study were integrated with relevant literature on addressing educational needs in South Africa. Various political, social and economic factors underly the educational problems including school violence and systemic intervention that acknowledges the context of these problems is therefore needed. This implies the involvement of students, school personnel, parents and the community. Although educational psychologists should extend their skills to community consultative and preventative work, a professional trained in multidisciplinary skills would be better equipped to initiate and mediate such programmes. The educational psychologists regarded their main function as being to provide psychological counselling and therapy to children and their families. It is therefore imperative that the training needs in educational psychology in general, and in violence related skills specifically, should be addressed. The results of this study are emphasized at an integrated paper session dealing with international issues in school psychology (International Congress )f Psychology). o whom correspondence should be addressed U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Othce of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) The document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating d. O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction duality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 41 MT r.nrpv AmMi AKE 02/ "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Glasses with compositions X% BaO – 25% PbO – (75-X)% P2O5 X% CaO – 25% PbO – (75-X)% P205 X% MgO – 25% PbO – (75-X)% P2O5 Where x = 5,10,15,and 20 mol%) were prepared by the convocational melt quenching method. The density, molar volume x-ray diffraction (XRD), optical energy band gap on IR Spectra of these glasses have been measured. The refractive index and molar refraction of oxide ion have been calculated by using Lorentz Lorentz relations. Optical absorption Spectra of these glasses were recorded in the range(190-900)nm at room temperature. Refractive index (n) and optical energy bandgap(Eopt) agree well compared with other glasses. In directed allowed optical transitions are favorable in these glasses, and the optical band energy has been observed to decrease with an increase in BaO, MgO, and CaO content. Infrared IR spectroscopy showed that the addition of BaO, MgO, CaO does not introduce any new absorption band in lead phosphate oxide glasses. Keyword: Optical properties, Oxide Glasses, Absorption Edge, lead phosphate oxide glasses,


The introduction of high-yielding varieties, of wheat and rice in particular, has resulted in impor tant changes in Indian agriculture. This "Green Revolution" has brought Indian food grain production to levels of self-sufficiency in 1972, from near-famine conditions in the late six ties. This increase in production has been accom panied by increasing use of non-traditional in puts: fertilizers, irrigation and mechanized sources of power. The basic structure of the village economy is being altered from a self contained mode to a market-oriented use of inputs and production [Saith, 1972], These changes have given rise to many problems, which include un even distribution of gains in income within and between regions and among farms, susceptibility of new varieties to pests and diseases, long run en vironmental and ecological costs, greater migra tion to urban areas, breakdown of traditional social stability and security, greater unemploy ment, and greater underemployment due to accen tuation of seasonality of unemployment [Cleaver, 1972; Wharton, 1969; Falcon, 1970; Frankel, 1971]. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the impact of the introduction of tractors?a labor-substituting technology?on production and income distribution within a region of India. The report covers only a small part of a much more comprehensive study that is currently in progress and at the present stage it has not taken into con sideration many important aspects of agricultural policies such as those dealing with taxes, land reform and credit, and the assumptions are highly restrictive. It should therefore not be taken as a definitive analysis but rather as indicative and speculative. It also illustrates a meaningful ap proach in a study of the problems of income dis tribution that are associated with economic


In this paper,the writer introduces an approach based on WebGIS,named Chinese properties fuzzy match. User inputs the initial letters of Chinese properties information at the client machine,and they will be sent to the server,then match those postings that have the same initial letters. Greatly predigest and speed up the search process. And pack it as a module,embed in a WebGIS system,successfully extend the function of searching of the system.


Roy et al. highlight a harmful cross-talk that can arise between spindle assembly checkpoint silencing and chromosome biorientation due to the involvement of protein phosphatase 1 in both the processes.


' . This paper will outline a scheme of probabilitS-based design f6rmat and reprsentative strength formulas on a statistical basis, together' with a brief review of statistical information on strengths of steei rnembers and load intensities.in Japan. In the framework of ihe format the eharacteristic sttength and load intensity are used as a design basis. The characteristic strength is defined, in prlnciple, by taking


A method is presented to determine viewpoints for a robotic vision system for which object features of interest will simultaneously by visible, inside the field-of-view, in-focus, and magnified as required. A technique that poses the problem in an optimization setting in order to determine viewpoints that satisfy all requirements simultaneously and with a margin is presented. The formulation and results of the optimization are shown, as well as experimental results in which a robot vision system is positioned and its lens is set according to this method. Camera views are taken from the computed viewpoints in order to verify that all feature detectability requirements are satisfied.<<ETX>>


Numerical techniques for solving some mathematical models related to a mining extraction project under uncertainty are proposed. The mine valuation is formulated as a complementarity problem associated to a degenerate second order partial differential equation (PDE), which incorporates the option to abandon the project. The probability of completion and the expected lifetime of the project are the respective solutions of problems governed by similar degenerated PDE operators. In all models, the underlying stochastic factors are the commodity price and the remaining resource. After justifying the required boundary conditions on the computational bounded domain, the proposed numerical techniques mainly consist of a Crank-Nicolson characteristics method for the time discretization to cope with the convection dominating setting and Lagrange finite elements for the discretization in the commodity and resource variables, with the additional use of an augmented Lagrangian active set method for the complementarity problem. Some numerical examples are discussed to illustrate the performance of the methods and models.


Objective:To study how to reduce bleedness efficiently during the operation on the pediatric patient with palatoplasty and to study the rational combination of transfusion , in order to provide a basis for the postoperative recovery in children. Method: 32 cases without blood transfusion were selected from the Smile Train, aged from 2 to 14 years old. The combination of transfusion during the opertion was 5% glucose solution, balance solution and blood plasma substitute-HeSi. The intraoperative and postoperative circulation as blood pressure(Bp), heart rate (HR) ,hemoglobulin (Hb) ,hematocrit (Hct) , were compared with the preopertive data . The side cut of palate was made by high frequency electricity knife . The bleeding meas-ure of this method was compared with that of routine method .The data was dealed with statistics . Result: The index of the blood stream dynamics as SBp , DBp , HR ect , the change of SPO 2 were steady, without obvious difference from the data base (P0.05) . The values of Hb and Hct descended , but postoperative Hct was 30 percent higher. The bleeding measure of using high frequency electricity knife (HFEK) was obviously reduced (P0.01) .Conclusion:During palatoplasty in pediatric patients , the rational combination of transfusion could take the place of blood trasfusion and could assure steady of life sign. It could not only save the blood but also avoid the side effects of blood transfusion . The HFEK used for side cut and stoping blood was a high effect and safe method of stoping blood. It was good for clinic application extended .


The intriguingly fast electrochemical response of the insulating LiFePO4 insertion electrode toward Li is of both fundamental and practical importance. Here we present a comprehensive study of its deinsertion/insertion mechanism by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy on thin platelet-type particles of LixFePO4 (bPnma axis normal to the surface). We find that the lithium deinsertion/insertion process is not well-described by the classical shrinking core model. Compositions of the same x value obtained by both deinsertion and insertion gave the same results, namely that the LixFePO4 so formed consists of a core of FePO4 surrounded by a shell of LiFePO4 with respective ratios dependent on x. We suggest that lattice mismatch between the two end members may be at the origin of the peculiar microstructure observed. Furthermore, because of the appearance of isosbestic points on the overlaid EELS spectra, we provide direct experimental evidence that the nanometer interface between single-phase areas...


In the drainage basin of the gold Mining District El Triunfo (MD-ET), around 800,000 tons of tailings are exposed in open air to seasonal tropical storms and oxidative weathering. This enhances the mobility of trace elements caused by winds and hurricanes in summer, when water runs through the normally arroyo (dry river). To determine the content and distribution of Hg along the dry river from the MD-ET towards its discharge into the Pacific Ocean, sediments were analysed with a Flow Injection Mercury System (FIMS). Results were validated with certified reference materials. Total Hg in tailings and the ashes from abandoned oven samples ranged between 336 μg kg−1 and 54,900 μg kg−1, respectively. However, arroyo concentrations were lower than average Earth's crust concentrations in more than 45% of the samples. The Normalized Enrichment Factor distribution indicates that Hg was introduced anthropogenically, possibly by the artisanal extraction methods used historically. Zn (Carrillo 1996; Carrillo et al. 2000; Acosta et al. 2000; Naranjo 2004). Subsequently tailings, aquifers and soils also were studied (Carrillo 1996), including high Hg contents in tailings (Volke et al. 2003). The gold is concentrated in large hypabisal veins in a metamorphic-igneous complex (6 km length and 0.9 m wide) within granodiorite, diorite, gabbro, biotite schists and feldespatic quartzite. Disseminated Au deposits with lower Au contents are associated with a mineralized zone (8 km–200 m) of hydrothermal veins. They are composed by free gold, gold associated with pyrite, and arsenopyrite (COREMI 1999). Artisanal gold exploitation methods of the MD ET began in 1748 and have continued intermittently until the end of the last century.


This survey selected 4 species of waterfowl raised in Beijing Zoo and a group of little swan raised in Hangzhou Zoo as the object of antibody test for vaccination of subtype H5N1 of Avian Influenza.The results showed that the antibody titer achieved the peak 20 days after vaccination,then gradually decreased.The rate of antibody decline was different between species.


We have calculated the minimum chip area overhead, and hence the bit density reduction, that may be achieved by memory array reconfiguration (bad bit exclusion), combined with error correction code techniques, in prospective terabit-scale hybrid semiconductor/nanodevice memories, as a function of the nanodevice fabrication yield and the micro-to-nano pitch ratio. The results show that by using the best (but hardly practicable) reconfiguration and block size optimization, hybrid memories with a pitch ratio of 10 may overcome purely semiconductor memories in useful bit density if the fraction of bad nanodevices is below , while in order to get an order-of-magnitude advantage in density, the number of bad devices has to be decreased to . For the simple 'Repair Most' technique of bad bit exclusion, complemented with the Hamming-code error correction, these numbers are close to 2% and 0.1%, respectively. When applied to purely semiconductor memories, the same technique allows us to reduce the chip area 'swelling' to just 40% at as many as 0.1% of bad devices. We have also estimated the power and speed of the hybrid memories and have found that, at a reasonable choice of nanodevice resistance, both the additional power and speed loss due to the nanodevice subsystem may be negligible.


In the present study,textured soybean protein(TSP),which is rich in nutrition and tastes similar to meat,but gives a soybean odor,was pretreated with hot water to remove the odor and used as an alternative to meat to process vegetarian sterilized ham sausages.Orthogonal array design was adopted for investigating optimal thermal pretreatment of TSP and formulation of TSP-based on ham sausages.Results showed that the optimal thermal pretreatment for obtaining an optimal sensory score of TSP was achieved via 4-time soaking in 65 ℃ hot water for 30 min each time.The optimal TSP-based on ham sausage formula leading to the best sensory evaluation consisted of soybean protein 100%(moisture content 65%),water 150%,corn starch 12%,carrageenan-konjac compound gum(at a mass ratio of 4:1) 6%,and soybean oil 12%.


The paper derives analytical solutions for deformation of viscoelastic pipe in elastic soil under far-field principal stress increments. These solutions are validated in laboratory tests and numeri...


The potentials of artificial intelligence (AI) are manifold, and their discussion has gained momentum in research and practice. At the same time, AI also raises fears among employees of being replaced by AI technologies, therefore shying away from using them. Generally, employees want to be empowered to do their job and seek both more responsibility and the ability to make their own decisions. In this paper, we conduct a systematic literature review that investigates the current state of the literature on the potential empowering effects of AI-based human–machine behavior. We thus sorted the literature into three behavioral categories: humans shape machine behavior, machines shape human behavior, and human–machine co-behavior. We crossed them with psychological empowerment dimensions of significance, competence, self-determination, and influence. Our results show corresponding literature streams and provide future research directions in a field that is likely to disrupt the way we work in the future.


Abstract Motivation Gene set analysis methods rely on knowledge-based representations of genetic interactions in the form of both gene set collections and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. However, explicit representations of genetic interactions often fail to capture complex interdependencies among genes, limiting the analytic power of such methods. Results We propose an extension of gene set enrichment analysis to a latent embedding space reflecting PPI network topology, called gene set proximity analysis (GSPA). Compared with existing methods, GSPA provides improved ability to identify disease-associated pathways in disease-matched gene expression datasets, while improving reproducibility of enrichment statistics for similar gene sets. GSPA is statistically straightforward, reducing to a version of traditional gene set enrichment analysis through a single user-defined parameter. We apply our method to identify novel drug associations with SARS-CoV-2 viral entry. Finally, we validate our drug association predictions through retrospective clinical analysis of claims data from 8 million patients, supporting a role for gabapentin as a risk factor and metformin as a protective factor for severe COVID-19. Availability and implementation GSPA is available for download as a command-line Python package at https://github.com/henrycousins/gspa. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is responsible for the COVID‐19 pandemic the world experience since 2019. The protein responsible for the first steps of cell invasion, the spike protein, has probably received the most attention in light of its central role during infection. Computational approaches are among the tools employed by the scientific community in the enormous effort to study this new affliction. One of these methods, namely molecular dynamics (MD), has been used to characterize the function of the spike protein at the atomic level and unveil its structural features from a dynamic perspective. In this review, we focus on these main findings, including spike protein flexibility, rare S protein conformational changes, cryptic epitopes, the role of glycans, drug repurposing, and the effect of spike protein variants.


The Author examines the documents promulgated by the Order of Friars Minor Conventual in the past several years pertaining to the formation of its members in the various stages of this process. The A. highlights the fundamental principles, the points of emphasis, and also some of the deficiencies in the formation program that he hopes the Order will address in the next few years as it responds to its members' needs. In particular, the A. hopes for a clearer articulation of what it means specifically to be a Franciscan and the incorporation of these elements into the friars' vocational journey in the ecclesial and social context of today's world and in the different cultural settings where this branch of the Franciscan family is establishing itself for the first time.


China's attack on Vietnam, which began on 17 February and ended on 15 March with the withdrawal of all Chinese troops from Vietnam, has excited unusual debate. There is very little consensus about its causes and consequences. Even on the battlefield, where success or failure is at least quantifiable, there is no agreement on whether China or Vietnam won the day. This is partly explicable through want of accurate information with which to assess comparative losses, but more through a failure to agree on what objectives China set out to attain and at what costs. It may well be the case that in Chinese calculations the capture of provincial capitals and the casualties sustained in their capture were only incidental to China's purpose. In Australia, Vietnam's invasion of Kampuchea and China's attack on Vietnam have created a need for a fundamental reassessment of the strategic environment in which we live. The urgency of this need, felt as keenly now in other Southeast Asian capitals, owes much to our perception of communism, particularly of communism in Asia, and to the nature of, and reasons for, our involvement in the Vietnam War. Had we in the western alliance been less credulous of our own propaganda and more alive to the subtle differences between China and Vietnam, manifest even during the period of their closest wartime alliance, we might have been prepared for the rapid deterioration in relations between them over the past two years. Their recent actions have clearly demonstrated the conflicting interests and rival ambitions which divide two countries for long perceived by us simply as twin expressions of a monolithic communist threat advancing through Southeast Asia towards Australia.


Direct marketing is one form of marketing that companies choose to be able to reach potential clients more quickly. This study describes the Direct Marketing Strategy of Outdoor Media Advertising Services at PT Warna Warni Media Jakarta. The research was conducted from February to April 2017 using qualitative research methods. PT Warna Warni Media, as a company engaged in outdoor media advertising services, markets its products directly. PT Warna Warni Media Jakarta has two direct marketing channels in marketing the company's products, namely through face-to-face contact with an Account Executive assisted by direct mail by Marketing Support. Over the past three months, the Direct Marketing Team has succeeded in closing deals 67 times out of 132 negotiations that have been conducted. The success of the company's direct marketing cannot be separated from the form of promotion it provides, in the form of discount, bartering and sponsorship programs


Management of the diseases associated with vertigo in the childhood have special aspects A detailed history and careful physical exam is essential in order to reach the diagnosis among large variety of pathologies Determination whether the dizziness is a true vertigo and whether the attacks are acute or recurrent in character are key factors to reach a diagnosis In the current paper the importance of otologic and neuro otologic examination and vestibular laboratory testing is discussed A questionairre form and a differential diagnosis form is presented to help the diagnosis and some treatment methods are mentinoed The literature on the management of dizzines and vertigo in the childhood is reviewed Key words: Vertigo Vestibular Testing Differential Diagnosis


Purpose: We report the case of a 38-year-old male, on prednisone for an asthma exacerbation, admitted for severe abdominal pain and fever of 38.6C. His abdomen was soft, with normal abdominal sounds, non-tender to palpation but with voluntary guarding; the liver span was 18cm. He had a diffuse eruption of vesicles, pustules and hemorrhagic bullae over the trunk, neck, face and scalp. The CBC, chemistries, amylase, lipase, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were normal. AST and ALT were 59 IU/L and 125 IU/L respectively. The ultrasound and CTScan of the abdomen, small bowel follow-through, upper GI series and EGD were essentially normal. Within 24hours of his admission, the patient developed severe encephalopathy, oliguric renal failure, respiratory failure, distributive shock and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. At this time, his laboratory values were as follow: AST 14,600 IU/L, ALT 6,540 IU/L, INR 10, creatinine 5, platelets count 44, PTT 62. The patient was started on acyclovir 10mg/kg q8 hours for varicella hepatitis. A biopsy of the skin lesions revealed severe acantholysis, bullous formation in the epidermis and multinucleated giant cells. Direct immunofluorescence and viral culture of the skin tissue were positive for VZV. The patient expired 13 days after his presentation despite aggressive resuscitation.


It is no exaggeration to state that Kenya's wildlife has done much to shape the image and development fortunes of the country. Today tourism is among Kenya's top sources of foreign exchange, dominates the service sector, and contributes significantly to employment, especially in rural areas where economic opportunities are limited. The typical wild herds that once roamed freely across the borders of Kenya and Tanzania have shrunk dramatically in numbers and vanished completely from much of the North. Perhaps most troubling is that recent monitoring of wildlife populations suggests that long-term declines of many of the charismatic species that attract tourists like lions, elephants, giraffes, impalas, and others are international tourist arrives on a package tour that may include a safari, a visit to the beach, or both. It is safari tourism, however, that generates the most employment and economic activity across the country occurring at the same rates within the country's national parks as outside of these protected areas. The typical international tourist arrives on a package tour that may include a safari, a visit to the beach, or both. It is safari tourism, however, that generates the most employment and economic activity across the country. But the wildlife that has lured travelers to Kenya by the planeload is in dramatic decline. In the past three decades, the country has lost more than half of its wildlife. This report identifies with greater precision the drivers of land conversion from natural habitats to other uses, and examines the extent to which land conversion leads to the extirpation of wildlife and the loss of tourism incomes.


A disturbing trend that has surfaced recently in slang language is to use the word rape in a joking or hyperbolic manner. An example of this is, "I raped that exam!" In this paper, I argue that such use of the term rape is immoral. I begin by modeling my case after British philosopher Rae Langton's argument that pornography "silences" the speech of women in a particular way. I then discuss Alexander Bird's objection to Langton's notion of "silencing." In the end, I develop a hybrid theory that respects the cogency of Bird's objection while retaining the spirit of Langton's view. By analyzing communication in a novel way, I argue that the slang use of the word rape immorally silences rape victims/survivors, although not in the way Langton's argument would suggest. * This article may be triggering to survivors of sexual assault and abuse. Introduction Before diving into my argument, I would first like to discuss why philosophy is the appropriate discipline for a discussion on the slang use of the word rape.1 Philosophers have the unfair reputation of spending their days in ivory towers, blissfully ignorant of the world below. This is simply not true. Much like the biologist who uses a powerful microscope to inspect a specimen, the philosopher uses the tools of logic and reason to provide conceptual analyses of ideas, concepts, language, and indeed, entire worldviews. One part of this broad study is to analyze and form arguments that include normative terms. Normative terminology is prescriptive, rather than just descriptive. In this sense, we might say that the biologist makes our world better by giving us more detail about what is, and the philosopher makes our world better by giving us clear reasons for what ought to be. Philosophy has much to offer to humanity and the subject at hand. Now consider, if you will, the following examples: 1. "What does Suzy get when she goes into town?" "Raped." 2. "It's not rape if you say, 'Surprise!'" 3. "That exam totally raped me!" 4. "I raped that exam!"2 Page 11 Oshkosh Scholar Did they shock you? Chances are that if you're over the age of 23, they did. Would it surprise you to know that many middle school, high school, and college students use the word rape in these ways? The first two examples are jokes that were heard in a middle school, and they should clearly be criticized in their own right, but it is the last two examples on which I wish to focus. They are instances of the slang use of the word rape, here said in a hyperbolic manner and meant to signify dominance. It is troubling to hear the word said in this way because it trivializes the reality of rape. The general definition of the word is, "To force (someone) to have sex with you by using violence or the threat of violence."3 This definition, contrary to the slang use, portrays the gravity of sexual assault. So what is wrong with the slang use? The philosopher Rae Langton leads us to an answer. Langton wrote a compelling paper called "Speech Acts and Unspeakable Acts," in which she draws upon the work of J. L. Austin to make the argument that pornography illocutionarily disables the free speech of women (illocution is a type of speech act, and I will give definitions for both of these terms later). I employ Langton's argument to make a similar, though slightly more nuanced, case. I contend that the slang use of the word rape can lead to the illocutionary disablement of rape victims/survivors and is therefore immoral.4 I do not expect, nor do I wish, that public policy or laws will be developed based on the reasoning provided here in support of this contention. Rather, I would like to impress upon readers the immorality of using the word rape this way, and leave them to decide whether or not they agree. My hope is that the goodness of people will prevail and they will choose not to act immorally. In what follows, I will first present consequences of the slang use of the word rape. Next, I will provide a brief discussion of speech acts and a summary of Langton's argument. Third, I will present my own argument, which uses Langton's as a model. Then I will respond to an objection Alexander Bird makes to Langton's argument. Finally, I will present my hybrid theory, which combines the work of Langton and Bird. This Langtonian-Birdian theory should serve as a powerful reproach against the slang use of the word rape. Consequences of the Slang Use of the Word Rape Trivialization Just imagine that you are a college student and one night you are sexually assaulted in your dorm room. Now flash forward to a few weeks later and you hear a fellow student say, "That exam totally raped me!" (example number 3). What do you feel? What goes through your mind? Do you feel fear because your gut reaction was that you thought another student had been raped? Or how about anger that the other student is comparing doing poorly on a test to the most traumatic night of your life? This is not just a thought experiment; given that one in five college women will be sexually assaulted,5 the chances of this scenario happening are high. What we see in the scenario is that using the word rape as slang trivializes the reality that actual rape victims/survivors face. Victims/survivors of sexual assault may have to endure, among other things: shame, guilt, physical and emotional trauma, social pressure, mistreatment from the criminal justice system, and, in short, nothing less than the total upheaval of their lives. Using the word rape to express how well one did (or did not do) on an exam takes this reality and belittles it. Semantic Amelioration In Slang & Sociability, author Connie Eble writes, "Sometimes the connotation associated with a term becomes more favorable or less favorable, opposing processes Page 12 Oshkosh Scholar called amelioration and pejoration."6 Can the slang use of the word rape lead to its semantic amelioration? The word amelioration simply means the improvement of something, and thus, semantic amelioration means the improvement in the evaluatively negative connotations of a word (usually over time). If we consider our examples from the introduction again, we can reasonably conclude that example number 4 ("I raped that exam!") is the beginning of the amelioration of the verb to rape. If a student says, "I raped that exam!" she could intend to convey several different meanings, but the most likely is that, by using hyperbole, she is expressing that she did extremely well on the exam. This would mean she intends to convey a positive evaluation of the situation, and the phrase will then carry a positive connotation. This is a change from the usual negative connotation associated with the word rape. Now, does the student really mean to say that rape is something positive? Most likely she doesn't, but because she is using the word in a sentence that has a positive connotation, it starts to be ameliorated. The denotation of rape stays the same, but the connotation becomes more positive. This is not desirable, I contend, because having such a word with a negative connotation is extremely useful. It conveys the proper evaluation that the act of rape is indeed wrong. I worry that this connotative shift will lead to the full semantic amelioration of rape. It would not be the first time something like this has happened. Consider the verb to ravish. This verb has two different, and opposite, meanings. One is "to force (a woman) to have sex with you by using violence or the threat of violence," and the other is "to fill (someone) with pleasure, joy, or happiness."7 The former definition is seldom used anymore, though the denotation is still retained. In contemporary times, the latter definition is more often associated with ravish, and it is worrisome that a word that is a synonym for rape has a positive meaning attached to it. Although we may be a long way away from the word rape completely ameliorating to include a positive meaning, the slang use, such as in example number 4, is the start of the amelioration process. In sum, example number 3 leads to trivialization and example number 4 leads to not only trivialization but also semantic amelioration. These arguments on trivialization and semantic amelioration are an integral part of my further argument regarding illocutionary disablement, which will be considered presently. A final note is that trivialization and amelioration of rape can be included as symptoms of what is called rape culture, which I'll discuss later. First, I would like to address a possible objection to the trivialization argument. Objection A possible objection to my argument against trivialization is that trivializing is, in some ways, a good thing. The counterargument is: the trivialization of rape reappropriates the word by taking the power of that word back. Much like what some members of the black community attempt with the "N"-word, the semantic amelioration of the word rape can be beneficial.8 Reappropriation of words is a highly contested issue that revolves around whether it is better to ban a word or to consciously change its meaning. The "N"-word, as mentioned, is one example. Another is the current debate within feminism over whether or not to ban or reappropriate the word bossy. This word is often used to insult girls and women and discourage them from being leaders. Sheryl Sandberg and the Lean In Foundation started a campaign to ban the word for this reason, but prominent feminist bell hooks believes its reappropriation is more beneficial.9 Notice that both arguments are based on what is better for those in the disadvantaged position (girls and women, in this case). This is why the argument for reappropriation is wrongly applied to the word rape. Who could possibly benefit from rape becoming more positive? It would seem Page 13 Oshkosh Scholar that the victims/survivors would not benefit from reappropriation; instead, the rapists would. Furthermore, there are current words that already do what the idea


In this paper we present a mixed-signal circuit able to emulate the behavior of a memristive system. Specifically, we propose a memristor emulator design using a Switched Capacitor (SCME) plus a control part implemented using stochastic computing. The switched capacitor technique is used to implement a controllable resistor, which is controlled by signals generated using a stochastic computing implementation of a basic memristor equations.


The design and manufacturing of the main Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) for the United States segments of the International Space Station (ISS) was an involved process that started in the mid 1980's, with the assessment and testing of competing technologies that could be used to clean the air and recycle water. It culminated in 2009 with the delivery and successful activation of the Water Recovery System (WRS) water processor (WP). The ECLSS required the work of a team of engineers and scientists working together to develop systems that could clean and/or recycle human metabolic loads to maintain a clean atmosphere and provide the crew with clean water. Microorganisms are a significant part of the human body as well as part of the environment that we live in. Therefore, the ISS ECLSS design had to assess the effects microorganisms have on the quality of stored water and wastewater, as well as that of the air systems. Hardware performance issues impacted by the accumulation of biofilm and/or microbiologically influenced corrosion were also studied during the ECLSS development stages. Many of the tests that were performed had to take into account the unique aspects of a microgravity environment, and the challenge of understanding how to design systems that could not be sterilized and/or maintain a sterile state. This paper will summarize the work of several studies that were performed to assess the impacts and/or to minimize the effects of microorganisms in open, semi-closed and closed loop life support system. The biofilm and biodeterioration studies that were performed during the design and test periods will be presented in a future publication.


In this theoretical essay, speech acts such as promises, commitments, claims and critical appraisals are conceived of as forms of interacting that create immaterial common goods. The immaterial common good produced by speech acts can take over the function to determine what responsibility means on various levels, within projects, between and beyond departments. Forms of institutional reflexivity like peer groups and cross-departmental knowledge exchange are apt to extend the management's perspective. This applies particularly to the role of project management. An intense relationship with the customers allows project managers to challenge a corporation's business strategies and to contribute to the preparation of a shift in core business. Hence, it is of major importance to process the knowledge acquired in the projects for strategic purposes.


The emergence of run-time reconfigurable architectures makes feasible the configure-execute paradigm. Compilation of behavioral descriptions (in, e.g., C, Java, etc.), apart from mapping the computational structures onto the available resources on the device, must split the program in temporal sections if it needs more resources than physically available. In addition, since the execution of the computational structures in a configuration needs at least two stages (i.e., configuring and computing), it is important to split the program such that the reconfiguration overheads are minimized, taking advantage of the overlapping of the execution stages on different configurations. This paper presents mapping techniques to cope with those features. The techniques are being researched in the context of a C compiler for the eXtreme Processing Platform (XPP). Temporal partitioning is applied to furnish a set of configurations that reduces the reconfiguration overhead and thus may lead to performance gains. We also show that when applications include a sequence of loops, the use of several configurations may be more beneficial than the mapping of the entire application onto a single configuration. Preliminary results for a number of benchmarks strongly confirm the approach.


Changes in several biochemical parameters, exchangeable and were evaluated during the composting of sewage sludge and city refuse. Except for casein-protease activity, all enzyme activities were higher in sewage sludge than in city refuse, at all times, denoting larger microbial populations; this was also confirmed by a high initial ATP level. In addition to differences in microbial biomass, the lower enzyme activity in city refuse might also depend on inhibition by a high content of heavy metals. Absolute urease and phosphatase activities decreased during composting, showing a minimum at 91 and 65 d, respectively; thereafter they increased slightly. ATP also decreased markedly during the first month, then it stabilized to a low level. The correlation found between urease-phosphatase-ATP and the lack of correlation between proteases, and between both proteases and ATP-urease-phosphatase, confirmed the different synthesis and behaviour of these enzymes. Proteases might partially exist outside living cells,...