Plastic is a global problem; plastic pollution production reaches 350 million tons annually. This plastic pollution will be degraded into microplastic. This microplastic will pollute the environment and negatively impacted health if exposed too much. Recent research has found microplastics in clothes, toys, and even food. The Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas conducts outreach to the public to enhance the general public's understanding of microplastics and their impact on health. The outreach activity began with filling out a pre-test to assess the public's understanding of microplastics. Followed by education about microplastic exposure, the dangers of microplastics, and education about a healthy lifestyle to reduce sources of microplastic exposure. The event ended with filling out a post-test by participants. Paired t-test analysis on pre-test and post-test data showed an increase in public understanding regarding microplastics, sources of exposure, health impacts and ways to reduce microplastic exposure. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the provision of public service can increase public understanding regarding the sources of microplastics and their impact on health and encourage people to live a healthy lifestyle that minimizes exposure to microplastics.


The purpose of this paper is the experimental analysis of the thermoelectric power plant Grozavesti impact on Bucharest urban agglomeration for year 2015. Experimental research is done for the NOx and SO2 pollutant for all seasons. The thermoelectric power plant Grozavesti is located near the Botanical Garden. Data provided by the industrial source are processed and constitute the input for the determination of the NOx and SO2 concentrations by using the OML (Operational Local Model) air quality dispersion Gaussian model. The results from modelling shows that the highest NOx and SO2 concentrations occur in the winter and autumn periods, due to unfavorable meteorological dispersion conditions and due to the operation of thermal power plant Grozavesti in the cold seasons. Thermoelectric power plants Grozavesti, operate on natural gas, because power plant have been refurbished. Generally, the results show that the industrial power plant represent the main contributions for pollution when the NOx and SO2 are exceed the limit value, according to Law 104/2011ambient air quality, and this affect vegetation and human health.


may seem rather abstract and a little too much in the grand manner in comparison --it makes far too much of "the people." The kind of analysis Christie gives us is more realistic. Yet it still reveals edges of mystery that we associate with other manners; he finds, for instance, that he cannot explain why so much of the reform movement was based in Yorkshire. He explains much about the movement, but does not explain it away. He has not tried to. He believes that it is related to later reform movements, though different from them, and he sees it as a special par[ of that unique crisis in British history, the American war. WALTER D. LOVE


This Viewpoint examines disparities and inequalities regarding life expectancy in American Indian and Alaska Native populations and what can be done to address them.


Objective:To investigate whether the fish oil improves intestinal motility function during intra-abdominal sepsis and hypertension.Methods: 25 rats were divided into three groups.The rats were supplemented by gavage with: ①normal saline as control group(n=9);②fish oil(0.3%,n=8)and ③fish oil(0.6%,n=8)for 4 weeks before operation.The rats were killed on the 24th hour after operation.In vitro ileual smooth muscle contractions were recorded.Ileum sections were assessed pathologically.Immunopositivity of c-kit as markers of ICC-MY by confocal microscopy were evaluated.Results: In the bowel segment with NS,muscles showed a significant reduction in the frequency of contraction compared to that with FO.This change was associated with the changes of ICC-MY network.Conclusion:The intestinal motility may be protected by an enteral fish oil nutrition through attenuating injury of ICC-MY network.


OBJECTIVE: To assess treatment adherence in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) treated with subcutaneous (sc) interferon (IFN) β-1a, using the automatic data retrieval function of the RebiSmart™ injection device. BACKGROUND: Active RMS requires long-term treatment with disease-modifying drugs, which are commonly administered by self-injection. Injection-related issues can affect patient adherence. RebiSmart™ is an electronic autoinjector for the administration of sc IFN β-1a that simplifies the injection process and allows objective adherence monitoring through an electronic dosing log. DESIGN/METHODS: READOUTsmart is a 24-month noninterventional, multicenter, German study conducted in patients with CIS or RMS (aged 12–65 years) prescribed sc IFN β-1a (44 or 22 μg three times weekly) administered with RebiSmart™. Quantitative adherence was measured as the percentage of prescribed injections (as recorded by RebiSmart™), and qualitative adherence as the percentage of weeks with three evenly distributed injections with correct preceding intervals. Here we report results of an interim analysis at Month 3. RESULTS: A total of 265 patients participated in the study; 84 had complete 3-month data available and were included in this analysis. Of these, 66 (78.6%) were female; the mean (standard deviation; SD) age was 38.7 (11.0) years, and mean (SD) disease duration 4.1 (6.5) years. Out of 36 prescribed injections, mean (SD) quantitative adherence at Month 3 was 97.4% (10.8%); 65 (77.4%) patients achieved 100% adherence, and 71 (84.5%) patients achieved ≥95% adherence. The mean (SD) number of injections per patient was 35.1 (3.9); 16 (19.0%) patients missed 1–4 injections, and 3 (3.6%) missed >4 injections. Mean (SD) qualitative adherence was 71.7% (26.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of sc IFN β-1a using RebiSmart™ was associated with high quantitative adherence over 3 months. Moreover, the RebiSmart™ data retrieval function can help physicians detect dosing regimen deviations and aid objective patient–physician discussions regarding adherence issues. Supported by: Merck Serono GmbH, Germany, a division of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Disclosure: Dr. Rieckmann has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer, Biogen Idec, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Merck-Serono, Teva and Genzyme as a speaker. Dr. Schwab has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen, Novartis, Teva, Merck Serono, and Bayer as advisory board and speaker. Dr. Schwab has received research support from Novartis. Dr. Pohlau has received personal compensation for activities with TEVA, Biogen, Almirall, Merck-Serono, Bayer, and Novartis. Dr. Pohlau has received support from Biogen Idec. Mr. Wagner has received personal compensation for activities with Merck Serono GmbH Germany as an employee. Dr. Bayas has received personal compensation for activities with Merck Serono, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bayer, Biogen Idec, and Teva Neuroscience.


The article is between onomastics and sociolinguistics. The author shows the informal forms of names, which are used in Polish family of landed gentry in the beginning of XX century. The author carried out a word-formation analysis of a large collection of these forms, selected from three memory books. The article is an important contribution to the knowledge of the riches of the diminutives, which Poles in different epochs and environments have addressed themselves.


The goal of this study is to optimize parameters the rice husk drying and carbonization process in terms a calorific value and proximate analysis simultaneously. The independent variables are the drying temperature (A) at 100; 105, or 110 °C; the drying time (B) at 12, 18, or 24 h; the carbonization temperature (C) at 450; 550, or 650 °C; and the carbonization holding time (D) at 60; 90, or 120 mins. The methods of the research are Taguchi and multi-response signal-to-noise(MRSN) procedure. The results show that simultaneous optimization of the drying and carbonization of rice husk in terms of the proximate analysis and calorific value, is determined by using the MRSN procedure, and it yields a result of 2.042. The best parameters are a drying temperature of 100 °C; a drying time of 24 h; a carbonization temperature of 650 °C; and a carbonization holding time of 120 mins. The optimal estimated calorific value, fixed carbon, moisture, volatile matter, and ash content are 5665 cal/g, 83.2, 0.06, 3.1  and 6.86 %, respectively. The resulting models are valid and feasible. The advantages of this work compared to previous studies are models and the simultaneous parameter optimization of multi-response variables, which have different quality characteristics into a single best parameter.


Person re-identification is a challenging problem. Due to the diversity of human poses, occlusion by obstacles, and changes in shooting angles, it is difficult to perform ID matching using only global features. Some previous works use human pose information or image segmentation information to obtain aligned local features for improvement of model accuracy, but these methods usually require a large amount of additional labeled data to train available segmentation models or human pose estimation models. In response to these problems, we propose a novel method named Locally Optimal Alignment In Order (LOAIO), which can not only easily achieve local feature alignment, but also conform to the top-to-bottom order of human body parts. In addition, we add a spatial attention module (SA) after the horizontal pooling layer to reduce the influence of background noise to a certain extent. Compared with previous local feature-aligned models, our alignment strategy achieves better performance in scenarios where pedestrian poses are highly misaligned. On this basis, the LocalOptReid method is trained by joint global loss and local loss. LocalOptReid not only improves the obtained global features, but also can use LOAIO-based local features to further improve the model accuracy. The experimental results show that our proposed LocalOptReID achieves the best accuracy on some indicators on Market1501, DukeMTMC dataset and two partial datasets based on Market1501, and obtains very competitive results.


This paper outlines a new approach for gathering workflow data via an interactive interview system. By this approach, knowledge elicitation for a subsequent workflow analysis is conducted by domain experts. Beside other problems concerning data acquisition this should solve the dilemma of a lacking joint knowledge basis between domain expert and analyst in terms of process thinking and process knowledge. The analysis of workflows is mostly conducted by extern analysts, who do not have any experience or specific knowledge about workflow details. Their expertise is limited to their knowledge about model notations and their analyses. In contrast, domain experts normally do not know much about process model notations. This circumstance can be designated as "dilemma between analyst and expert". The dilemma should be solved through the interview system. After integrating the approach in a broader context, a method for process decomposition is presented. Theoretical considerations concerning knowledge externalization are discussed and the principles of the dynamical interview procedure are highlighted. Finally, the paper discusses first results of an expert evaluation.


Wireless mobility had been the topic of research and development due to the popular use of portable computers. Multicast applications for mobile hosts have been considered recently. This paper first introduces the previous work related to multicast mobility and presents some issues that exist in IP multicast mobility. We propose a new method for, multicast mobility in the session initiation protocol (SIP) layer and discuss how mobile SIP with multicast deals with these issues for multicast communication in the IP layer. The paper also describes the structure of the SIP multicast mobility that is independent of the IP layer and extends SIP functions to support SIP multicast mobility. The proposed method avoids problems exiting in the IP multicast mobility by shifting the concept of multicasting and mobility from IP layer to session and application layers.


Dynamoelectric machine (100) comprises a first rotor shaft (102), a second rotor shaft (104), a center element (106), the. A first rotor shaft (102) is configured to rotate around the central axis of the machine (100) to (C / L), a first magnetic arranged to surround the outer periphery of the first rotor shaft (102) having drive elements (108). A second rotor shaft (104) and the second magnetic drive element while rotating around, arranged to surround the inner periphery of the second rotor shaft (104) of the first rotor shaft (102) ( with a 110). Central element (106) is disposed between the first rotor shaft (102) a second rotor shaft (104), the first rotor shaft and a second rotor shaft center axis (C / L) are arranged to remain stationary while rotating around the. The central element (106) and the third magnetic drive element (112) that interacts with the first magnetic drive element (108), a fourth magnetic drive which interacts with a second magnetic drive element (110) comprising an element (114), the.


A method for providing a changed phone number information service depending on callers is provided to protect a subscriber's privacy by preventing his/her new phone number from being exposed to a specific caller or to enable a subscriber to smoothly maintain his/her personal relations by announcing his/her new phone number to specific callers. In case an originating MSC asks a serving HLR about the location information of a called terminal as a caller makes a call connection request to a callee's existing phone number, a serving HLR, before executing a callee location inquiry, authenticates whether the callee is affiliated with a changed phone number information service(S203,S204). Then the serving HLR asks a changed phone number information service providing server whether the caller is registered as object of changed phone number information(S205). If the caller is not registered as a target which will receive changed phone number information, the changed phone number information service providing server notifies the serving HLR that the caller is not the target of changed phone number information(S206,S207). The serving HLR instructs the originating MSC to notify the calling mobile terminal of call connection disallowance, instead of a callee location inquiry response, without executing the callee location inquiry(S208).


Regression analysis of vibration wave attenuation formula on underwater demolition of rock is important to the engineering maintenance and disaster prevention, but empirical formulas of attenuation for underwater demolition of rock are complex, and solving parameters manually often suffers with the problems of low efficiency and low accuracy. We therefore simplified and programmed the process of solving parameters using Matlab. Finally a practical example is calculated by simplified computer program


The removal of heavy metals from the aquatic environment is one of the important issues in many industrialized countries. The commonly used treatment methods to remove heavy metal ions from wastewaters include chemical precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption and membrane processes. Biosorption, the removal of heavy metals by dead biomass, has gained credibility during recent years, as it offers a technically feasible and economical approach. Several biological materials have been investigated for heavy metals removal, including bacteria, algae and fungi.


Molecular‐targeted therapy is a hopeful approach for pancreatic cancer. Silencing of tumor suppressor genes can occur by histone deacetylation and/or DNA methylation in the promoter. Here, we identified epigenetically silenced genes in pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreatic cancer cell line, PANC‐1 cells were treated either with or without 5Aza‐dC (a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, a histone deacetylase inhibitor), and mRNA was isolated from these cells. Oligonucleotide microarray analysis revealed that 30 genes including UCHL1, C/EBPα, TIMP2 and IRF7 were up‐regulated after treatment with 5Aza‐dC and SAHA in PANC‐1. The induction of these 4 genes was validated by real‐time PCR in several pancreatic cancer cell lines. Interestingly, expression of C/EBPα was significantly restored in 6 of 6 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that histone H3 of the promoter region of C/EBPα was acetylated in PANC‐1 treated with SAHA; and bisulfate sequencing showed methylation of its promoter region in several pancreatic cancer cell lines. Forced expression of C/EBPα markedly suppressed clonal proliferation of PANC‐1 cells. Co‐immunoprecipitation assay showed the interaction of C/EBPα and E2F1; and the interaction caused the inhibition of E2F1 transcriptional activity. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that C/EBPα localized in the cytoplasm in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells, whereas it localized predominantly in the nucleus in normal pancreatic cells. Our data demonstrated that aberrant silencing, as well as, inappropriate cytoplasmic localization of C/EBPα causes dysregulation of its function, suggesting that C/EBPα is a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer cells. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Absorption, fluorescence, and phosphorescence of solid solutions of benzene in cyclohexane at 77°K have been investigated. The bands obtained for slowly cooled samples are attributed to benzene molecules occluded in the low‐temperature monoclinic crystal form of cyclohexane. The additional bands obtained with fast cooling are attributed to benzene molecules occluded in the high‐temperature cubic crystal form of cyclohexane. Detailed analyses of the fluorescence and phosphorescence of slowly frozen samples are given. The benzene molecules occupy sites that possess at least a center of symmetry. The phosphorescence lifetime for benzene in the monoclinic cyclohexane lattice is 4.6 sec for concentrations ≲0.01M and decreases slowly with increasing concentration. The phosphorescence lifetime for benzene in the cubic cyclohexane lattice at a 0.01M concentration is 1.1 sec. Relative intensities of spectra of benzene in the two cyclohexane lattices are reported for various concentrations. For concentrations ≲0.01...


A new static mapping technique is presented that can be integrated in a system-level design tool for modelling and simulating real-time applications onto an embedded multiprocessor system. The results of preliminary experiments indicate that the proposed two-phase mapping approach can achieve a good trade-off between the efficiency in resource usage and processor load balancing, as well as the minimisation of the inter-processor communication cost.


An embodiment of the invention provides a location information acquisition method, a location information acquisition device and a location information acquisition system. The location information acquisition method includes: acquiring streetscape map information corresponding to location information, and associating and storing the location information and the corresponding streetscape map information; generating a two-dimensional bar code containing the streetscape map information and/or the location information; scanning the two-dimensional bar code to acquire the streetscape map information and/or the location information, searching the location information according to the streetscape map information, or searching the streetscape map information according to the location information. After the method is applied, a streetscape map, the location information and the two-dimensional bar code are combined, on one hand, a convenient location information sharing way is provided for users, and on the other hand, actual streetscape and surrounding conditions of the location information can be known timely, and information sharing efficiency can be improved.


Heat and water transport modeling is a widely explored topic in micro-meteorology, agriculture, and forestry. One of the most popular models is the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model, which includes partial differential equations (PDEs) for air-soil temperature and humidity, but with a priori discretized PDE for the foliage temperature in each canopy layer; it is solved using the finite difference method and the canopy shape is defined as a simple rule of proportionality of total quantities such as the total leaf area index. This work proposes a novel canopy shape characterization based on Weibull distribution, providing a continuous vertical shape function capable of fitting any tree species. This allows formulating a fully continuous SHAW-derived model, which is numerically solved by a finite element approach of P1 Lagrange type. For this novel approach, several numerical experiments were carried out to understand how the shape of well distinguishable canopies influences heat and water transport.


Abstract|COMPETING STRATEGIES IN INDONE- SIA PT YANMAR DIESEL in Cimanggis USING SWOT ANALYSIS VALENTINO ARDIYOKO Un- dergraduate Program, 2011 Gunadarma University http://www.gunadarma.ac.id Key Words: SWOT Analysis, Marketing Strategy ABSTRACT : In the present era, mar- keting is a very important activity in business, especially in the current era of globalization. The goal of any marketing is to nd advantage and lead to consumer satisfaction. Lots of companies are more focused to satisfy the consumer and the product is not intended to be left by customers and ultimately of all business activities judged by the extent to which activities can be rewarding. Therefore, the company determines the strategy and steps to maintain its business. Management strategies to determine the growth and development and survival of a company to select and analyze the target market to be achieved eectively and eciently. At PT. Yanmar Diesel Indonesia, do the marketing and sale of machinery, spare parts and engine ttings that have a large enough market share and PT. Yanmar Diesel Indonesia also has a huge potential for growth. And in terms of marketing and sales of PT. Yanmar Diesel Indonesia also has a similar market share of competitors. From the analysis of strategic internal and external factors are further processed into internal external matrix is known that the strategy used PT. Yanmar Diesel Indonesia uses a dierentiation strategy and PT positions. Yanmar Diesel Indonesia is in a position of growth. Then have the conclusion that the strategy should be carried out by PT. Yanmar Diesel Indonesia such as by using a strategy to build a strong brand and positioning strategy (positioning).


Background: In China, village doctors played a crucial role in TB cases referral and management. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of WeChat-based training program on improving the village doctors' knowledge on TB management.Methods: A One-year WeChat-based training was conducted by means of releasing original contents (in forms of text, poster, video or cartoon), through WeChat subscription account (WeChat SA) once a week. Pre-and post-training offline tests were hold using the same self-administered questionnaire to evaluate the training effect.Results: A total of 467 village doctor were included in the study. During the training, sixty original articles were posted through WeChat SA. With respect to the two tests, the median score increased from 50 (40.0-60.0) to 60 (53.0-70.0) (p<0.001) after training. The median scores were always higher after training no matter what kind of article contents and forms. In addition, the effectiveness of such training was found to be influenced by gender and education level.Conclusions: Our results indicated that WeChat-based training could partly improve the knowledge of village doctors on TB management. It is worthy to explore more effective new media-based training methods that might promote TB control work in rural China.


I have no doubt that this is exactly what we need: an engine. We do need a new driving force to increase our sustainability thinking and, by doing so, to increase well-being and competitiveness throughout Europe. But there is more to this. Actually, I think Europe, in these days, needs more than just one single engine. Up to recently EU was in a crisis situation following the failed referenda on the European Constitution in France and the Netherlands in 2005. The so-called "period of reflection" has not brought about a solution that would satisfy all member states.


proton exchange membrane fuel cell ·C -80·C. The GDL porosity was vary within the range of the fuel cell performance was observed. ก


Despite a tightening job market, changes in the Selective Service rules, and a continuing concern about the Vietnam crisis, 1968 starting salaries in the chemical profession went up at about the same prodigious rate as they did in 1967. In addition, few graduates this year reported to ACS that they were unemployed. Overall, chemists improved their position of a year ago by about 6.27c Chemical engineers did somewhat better, with an 8.0% gain. Among chemists participating in this year's ACS starting salary survey, B.S. graduates with less than one year's work experience gained the most. Their 1967 median monthly starting salary of $650 increased to $700 this year, for a 7.7% increase. Ph.D.'s did somewhat less well. Their median monthly starting salary was $1128, up 4.9% from the 1967 figure of $1075. Masters had a 3.2% gain from $775 last year to $800 this year. Among inexperienced chemical engineering graduates, masters came out on top ...


Extracted from text ... Perspectives in Education, Volume 21(1), March 2003
198
Classroom assessment: What teachers need to know
W. James Popham.
2002. Third Edition.
Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
REVIEWED BY HAYLEY BARNES
This is no ordinary assessment textbook. When reading it, one almost feels like one is chatting
to a friend. In this book, Popham offers ongoing advice on optimising classroom assessment,
challenges one constantly and includes a number of lines you will find yourself chuckling
about. Although the book is written in an informal conversational style, this does not detract
from the useful theory and ..


As the traditional drilling core method for rock mass index RQD method depends totally on its quantity and direction,which is a waste of resources and labours,if the drilling quantity is limited,which can cause obvious errors.In the process of the 3d data from 3d laser scanner lf the measuring lines are used,the methods calculate RQD can reduce the error.Meanwhile,the date can still comprehensively reflect the anisotropic rock,As the method can be put into practice easily,it will be used widely in many fields.


Properties of the wool fiber are considered, and the information given by density and x-ray diffraction measurements in particular is used to deduce the structural pattern in keratin. Some of the implications of this structure are pointed out, and other folded molecular configura tions which are extensions of the proposed keratin structure are advanced and discussed in con nection with experimentally observed facts.


The referee briefly remarks that the findings have little novelty. This may be the case with the conclusions, which emphasize the potential importance of acetate oxidation coupled either syntrophically to hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis or to the reduction of organic substances. Such conclusions have indeed been made before. However, to our knowledge they have so far not been supported by showing that the methyl group of acetate is indeed oxidized to CO2 rather than reduced to CH4. Here, we addressed


Seeds of D. virgatus are present in the cerrado soil seed bank. The aim of this study was to verify whether this species could be used in recuperation programs of the cerrado areas. The germination of seeds was studied in light and darkness at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35oC. Seeds were stored at 4oC, and buried in cerrado and forest soils for up to 12 months, with germination being tested. Plants were cultivated in cerrado and forest soils in 8, 12, 16 and 20h photoperiods. Seeds are positively photoblastic and remain viable for at least 12 months the best temperature for germination being 25oC. In general, plants grew better during longer photoperiods. Flowering was observed only in plants growing in the cerrado soil, and at 12h, and 16h photoperiods. Considering the plants grow fast and that the seeds remain viable in the soil for a long period, we can recommend the use of the species for revegetation purposes in the cerrado.


Many thinkers have proposed that existence and experience are indissolubly linked. Berkeley, for instance, proposed a tight—probably too tight—metaphysical link ("to be is to be perceived"), while Kant famously tried—although not entirely successfully— to derive a priori some properties of reality, at least as it appears to us, and including aspects of the physics of his day, as conditions of the very possibility of experience.


Introduction: The Iran Syndrome 1. The Crucible of Revolution: Carter's Bitter Legacy 2. Reagan: After the Revolution, in Search of a Policy 3. George H.W. Bush: War and Peace 4. Clinton: Volte-Face 5. George W. Bush: The Enemy of my Enemy. Conclusion: The Carcass of Dead Policies. Select Bibliography


Routine reactor operation with four end-of-cycle shutdowns, two additional scheduled shutdowns, and three unscheduled shutdowns resulted in an on-stream time of 91.5% for the quarter.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of organizational culture, locus of control and quality of work life on employee performance in the Department of Revenue, Financial Management and Regional Asset (DPPKAD) of Klaten with job satisfaction as an intervening variable. The sample of study was 57 respondents of employees DPPKAD Klaten. The data in this research was obtained directly from interviews with questionnaires. Test analysis tools used were instruments, linearity test, analysis and regression lines by t test, F test and R 2 test. The results showed that organizational culture significantly influenced employee satisfaction. Locus of control significantly influenced employee satisfaction Quality of work life had a significant effect on job satisfaction of employees. Significant influence of organizational culture on employee performance. Locus of control had a significant effect on employee performance. Quality of work life had a significant effect on employee performance. Employee satisfaction had significant positive effect on employee performance. Simultaneously test results (Test F) concluded simultaneously organizational cultural variables, locus of control, quality of work life and employee satisfaction had significant positive effect on the performance of employees in the Department of Revenue, Financial Management and Regional Asset of Klaten Regency. Total R 2 is 80.3 %. This meant that the employee's performance was explained by organizational culture, locus of control, quality of work life and job satisfaction of employees, amounted to 80.3 % and the remaining 19.7 % was explained by other variables outside our model, e.g. competency, leadership and more. The conclusion of this line of analysis suggested that the use of intervening variables of employee satisfaction in order to improve performance, for organizational cultural, and quality of work life was effective, but for locus of control variable was not effective. Keywords: organizational culture, locus of control and quality of work life, employee performance and job satisfaction


A method for measuring at least one signal with a digital oscilloscope according to the invention acquires samples of the at least one signal in individual time ranges, each defined in relation to a trigger instant of a trigger event detected by the digital oscilloscope (1) in the at least one signal , There then takes place a post-processing (8) of the sampled values respectively acquired in the individual time ranges. The acquisition (4) and the post-processing (8) are carried out in parallel according to the invention.


Horizontal and vertical plume scales and respective diffusivities for dispersion of exhaust plumes from airliners at cruising altitudes are determined from nitric oxide (NO) and turbulence data measured with the DLR Falcon research aircraft flying through the plumes. Ten plumes of known source aircraft were encountered about 5 to 100 min after emission at about 9.4 to 11.3 km altitude near the tropopause in the North Atlantic flight corridor at 8°W on three days in October 1993. The ambient atmosphere was stably stratified with bulk Richardson numbers greater than 10. The measured NO peaks had half widths of 500 to 2000 m with maximum concentrations up to 2.4 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), clearly exceeding the background values between 0.13 and 0.5 ppbv. For analysis the measured plumes are approximated by an analytical Gaussian plume model which accounts for anisotropic diffusion in the stably stratified atmosphere and for shear. Two methods are given to obtain diffusivity parameters from either the individual plume data or the set of all plume measurements. Using estimates of the emitted mass of NO per unit length, the vertical plume width is found to be 140 m on average. This width is related to mixing in the initial trailing vortex pair of the aircraft. The range of the plume data suggests vertical diffusivity values between 0 and 0.6 m2 s−1. The turbulence data exhibit strong anisotropic air motions with practically zero turbulent dissipation and weak vertical velocity fluctuations. This implies very small vertical diffusivities. The horizontal diffusivity is estimated as between 5 and 20 m2 s−1 from the increase of horizontal plume scales with time. For constant diffusivities, shear dominates the lateral dispersion after a time of about 1 hour even for the cases with only a weak mean shear of 0.002 s−1.


Black gram despite being one of the major grain legumes in the mid-hills of Nepal, poor germination is a problem in its cultivation. Seed priming is an accepted technique to improve seed germination. An experiment was therefore, conducted to study effect of priming using various priming agents on germination characteristics of Black gram.


The advancement of voice controllable systems (VC-Ses) has dramatically affected our daily lifestyle and catalyzed the smart home's deployment. Currently, most VCSes exploit automatic speaker verification (ASV) to prevent various voice attacks (e.g., replay attack). In this study, we present VMask, a novel and practical voiceprint mimicry attack that could fool ASV in smart home and inject the malicious voice command disguised as a legitimate user. The key observation behind VMask is that the deep learning models utilized by ASV are vulnerable to the subtle perturbations in the voice input space. To generate these subtle perturbations, VMask leverages the idea of adversarial examples. Then by adding the subtle perturbations to the recordings from an arbitrary speaker, VMask can mislead the ASV into classifying the crafted speech samples, which mirror the former speaker for human, as the targeted victim. Moreover, psychoacoustic masking is employed to manipulate the adversarial perturbations under human perception threshold, thus making victim unaware of ongoing attacks. We validate the effectiveness of VMask by performing comprehensive experiments on both grey box (VGGVox) and black box (Microsoft Azure Speaker Verification) ASVs. Additionally, a real-world case study on Apple HomeKit proves the VMask's practicability on smart home platforms.


The Bureau of National Health Insurance (NHI) in Taiwan has provided quality indicators to all medical care providers each quarter to assure and evaluate the quality of medical service. This system highlighted a higher rate of antimicrobial usage in treating upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) in our ambulatory clinics than that in other tertiary medical care providers. Therefore, we aimed at developing effective strategies to reduce irrational antimicrobial usage in patients with URIs. Clinical practice guidelines were applied in a series of educational discussion meetings from October 2004 to September 2005. The principle of writing correct diagnoses was explained using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9 CM) codes, and educational materials were provided for patients during the ambulatory clinics. Data submitted to NHI were analysed by the Department of Pharmacy of Cathay General Hospital. Antimicrobial usage by patients with URIs decreased dramatically after the program had been implemented, i.e., from 28.6% in the third quarter of 2004 to 13.9% in the third quarter of 2005. It is noteworthy that even after the end of the study, the rates remained persistently low, i.e., 9.7%-12.1% from the fourth quarter of 2005 through the second quarter of 2006. The result of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of the strategies for promoting appropriate antimicrobial usage.


Structure and dynamics of two microphase-separated norbornene block copolymers containing one comb-like component are investigated by X-ray scattering, relaxation spectroscopy as well as differenti...


With growth in demand for zero defects, predicting reliability of software products is gaining importance. Software reliability models are used to estimate the reliability of a software product. Most of the reliability models available in the literature, to estimate the reliability of software, are based on the complete software development life-cycle. There are, however, large software systems which are maintained by the developer organization themselves or by a third party vendor. Such systems have been in production for a long period of time. The various details regarding the development life cycle stages are usually not known to the organizations that are responsible for the maintenance of these systems. In such a scenario, the reliability models available for the complete development life cycle cannot be applied. However, predicting the defects, in the maintenance being done for such systems, is of primary importance so as to provide confidence to the system owner and also for resource planning. This paper proposes a software reliability model that incorporates testing effort and compares Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP) based models in a distributed development environment. The proposed (NHPP) model assumes that the software system consists of a finite number of reused and newly developed sub-systems. The reused sub-systems do not involve the effect of severity of the faults on the software reliability growth phenomenon because they stabilize over a period of time, i.e. the growth is uniform, whereas the newly developed sub-system does involve the fault removal phenomena for reused and newly developed sub-systems have been modelled separately and are summed to obtain the total fault removal phenomenon of the software system. The model has been validated on several software datasets and it is shown that the proposed model fares comparatively better than the existing ones.


Based on China's four regions employment data from 1979 to 2010,using the biological systems research methods,regarding the local labor force as a complex system,this paper estimates the data of the evolution of employment patterns with in and outside the four regions,and then discusses the problem of workforce shortage in depth.The results show that between the natural population growth rate and the natural labor employment growth rate,there has a inherent law(23 law) which is the root for the arrival of China workforce shortage,it decides that the eastern,northeast,middle and west in China will enter the workforce shortage era successively in 2014,2020,2025 and 2027.At the end of the nature prosperous time in the labor force market,the eastern quickly enters into the workforce shortage era,but the other regions in China will experience a long incubation period before the arrival of workforce shortage.


In this paper two setups to measure the return loss, radiation patterns, and antenna gain for mm-wave differentially fed antennas are proposed and tested on a Ka-band LTCC antenna. The first measurement setup uses a dedicated CPS to microstrip line transition keeping differential antenna feeding. In the second measurement setup a specially designed balun is used to feed the antenna. For both measurement setups several TRL calibration standards to de-embed the effects of the feeding structure are designed. Calibration procedure for the radiation patterns by using a reference antenna is proposed.


Combined the scientific research of teacher with chemical experimental teaching, a research type chemistry teaching experiment-the detection of As3+ in river water by resonance light scattering based on gold nanoparticles, was explored and designed.This item was transformed from research subjects.This experiment could satisfy the requirements of the stability and reproducibility in teaching experiment, meanwhile, there are many opening research topics including different preparation methods of gold nanoparticles, the correlativity between the size and optical characteristic of gold nanoparticles, and other target analytes dependence on modification molecular encapsulated on gold nanoparticles, therefore, this experiment could be used in opening chemistry experimental teaching.Through this proposed experiment, the students could understand and grasp the working principle and operation skill of UV-vis spectrometer and spectrofluorimeter, meanwhile, they also could understand the preparation methods and fluorescence characterization techniques of gold nanoparticles, and develop their comprehensive ability, relevant scientific literacy and research ability.


This research investigates spatio-temporal patterns of police calls-for-service in the Region of Waterloo, Canada, at a fine spatial and temporal resolution. Modeling was implemented via Bayesian Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA). Temporal patterns for two-hour time periods, spatial patterns at the small-area scale, and space-time interaction (i.e., unusual departures from overall spatial and temporal patterns) were estimated. Temporally, calls-for-service were found to be lowest in the early morning (02:00–03:59) and highest in the evening (20:00–21:59), while high levels of calls-for-service were spatially located in central business areas and in areas characterized by major roadways, universities, and shopping centres. Space-time interaction was observed to be geographically dispersed during daytime hours but concentrated in central business areas during evening hours. Interpreted through the routine activity theory, results are discussed with respect to law enforcement resource demand and allocation, and the advantages of modeling spatio-temporal datasets with Bayesian INLA methods are highlighted.


Swing-up of pendulum is a good example for nonlinear control theory. For the pendulum whose control input is vertical acceleration of the suspension pivot, we confront difficulties to derive a control law due to singularity of the system. However, the phenomena of stabilizing the pendulum by sinusoidally vibrating the suspension pivot has been observed. The aim of the paper is to use the above phenomena for swing-up of the pendulum and experimentally show the effectiveness of the proposed control law.


Abstract : WORK-PAC, Work Planning and Control System, is a complete computer software package designed to improve shipyard labor planning and to monitor labor charges against planned estimates, measure job progress and give notice to both real and potential labor over-runs and schedule slippages. WORK-PAC permits a ship repair/conversion or new construction project to be broken down into discrete work orders, which can be classified under any given set of work cost account categories: steel work; piping, electrical and machinery systems; outfit; design/drawing; and yard support services. To further facilitate labor scheduling and control, WORK-PAC allows these work orders to be assignable to specific ship zones and shop work centers. The input of planned manhours (with or without trade estimate detail) and scheduled start and finish dates and the actual manhours from timecards as applied to these work orders completes the planning feedback cycle that is tailored to shipyard operations. WORK-PAC accumulates labor charges by individual trade, differentiating between regular and premium manhours. In addition, a special WORK-PAC feature provides for separate accounting of job repair end re-work efforts as required. WORK-PAC generates numerous reports and analyses for various. levels of the shipyard organization and at various levels of detail. WORK-PAC issues automatic warnings of data errors and signals areas of budget over-runs and/or schedule slippages early in the production cycle before they become critical and while they are still resolvable.


Providing end-to-end reliability for data transmission is a major challenge for energy-constrained and bandwidth-limited wireless sensor networks. To meet this challenge, attempts have been made using a multi-path transmission mechanism that encodes an information bitstream using forward error correction (FEC), and sends the obtained packets over a number of paths to the destination. Algorithms that, given the paths statistics (e.g., failure probability and energy cost of data transmission over the paths), find the number of channel packets and their transmission paths that optimize the reliability-energy cost tradeoff have been proposed. Once a transmission strategy is obtained, all packets are transmitted regardless of the actual state of the wireless links, which may result in energy and bandwidth losses due to unnecessary transmissions. This can be more severe when arbitrary transmission strategies have to be used due, for example, to the unavailability of paths statistics at the source node, which is the case in many practical applications. In this paper, we propose a hybrid FEC-feedback mechanism. The feedback scheme is used to send ACK packets from the sink to the source node when the information bitstream is actually recovered. We then derive a measure of the expected energy cost of data transmission for the hybrid mechanism. Simulation results show that, on average, the hybrid mechanism consumes up to about 44% less energy than the FEC-based mechanism for the transmission of a bitstream with the same reliability constraint. The energy savings of the hybrid mechanism are even higher when arbitrary transmission strategies have to be used.


Infanticide is the custom of killing girls at birth. The female child unborn and born was unwelcome to such an extent that parents were event willing to kill. Various methods like poisoning the milk, strangling , burning alive or even drowning were used to do away with female babies. In Tamil Nadu, the Kallar community were practising this evil. Even though they liberalized their womenfolk within the caste rules, they committed female infanticide due to the problem of poverty. This practice is not confined to the Kallars alone. Tribal people like the Todas have practiced female infanticide. The steady growth of this evil forced the British Administrators to take some preventive measures. Two regulations were passed by the Government to suppress infanticide, namely, Regulation XXI of 1795 and Regulation III of 1804. During the first half of the Nineteenth Century, a few British Officials took an active role in abolition of female infanticide. In 1890, the Infanticide Act (Act III) was passed which required for its working special police surveillance of the suspected. Statistics shows that in Madras in 19920 out of every thousand babies born as 199 die within the year of birth. The cause for such death rate are early marriage, poverty, low standard of living, bad nourishment, low vitality of mothers and overwork in the case of expectant mothers. This evil has occurred not only in several cultures across history, but is known to occur in contemporary societies as well. Female infanticide in India has been documented for period of British colonial rule by several scholars. In the period since infanticide, the gruesome practice has been reported as occurring in many parts of the country including Tamil Nadu, where the phenomenon is of recent origin, and was not known to exist before independence , except among the Todas. Keyword:Kallars, Todas,Gounders, Vanniyars, Infanticide, Foeticide, Usilampatti, Karimangalam, Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) INTERDOCTION Though the Vedic literature gives a plenty of information to prove that the women enjoyed a lot of freedom during the ancient period, their position and status in the house and the society began to decline owing to their nefarious activities and physical weakness. In the early times of Tamil Country female infanticide as a problem was not 1 practiced. There are no early references about this evil practice in the Tamil Country. It was only because of that the Tamil Country was not very much affected during the Muslim invasions. But at the same time certain tribes of Tamil Country had practiced male and female infanticide to control the population in their tribal area, particularly the 2 Todas of Nilgris. The birth of female children was not welcomed in the society except in the families of devadasis and professional prostitutes. Their birth was marked by indifference and no anxious enquiry was made. No greetings or welcome to the new comer was made and the new born female child was considered as an intruder on the scene. Sorrows and sufferings were the expression recorded on the scene. Normally the relatives hesitated to visit the family in 3 the event of the birth of a female child. When a woman delivered female children successively, then the woman would be discarded from the house and the man who was responsible for the birth of female children would marry as much number of women as possible till he would get male issues. In many cases, wife or wives who delivered female children successively were deserted along with their children who became destitute. At last the deserted women and their children became the victims of all sorts of social evils such as prostitution. After the female child was born, preparations were made to kill the innocent soul. In many cases, the mother's breast was smeared with the preparation of the juice of datura or the mudar plant (Asclepias Gigantea) or the poppy, and the infant had to drink that deadly poison with its first draught of milk. In some cases, it was customary to dig a hole and fill it with milk, and place the new born infant in it in order to drown the same. But most of the new born babes were buried alive. In addition to that, many female children 4 were killed by strangling with the umbilical cord. The father of the female child had a major share of its murder. Since the father has to give his daughter in marriage before she attained puberty, he had to 'hunt' for a suitable husband for his girl above his rank in caste and status. If a girl remained unmarried till puberty, it was a disgrace to her father. Therefore the father of the girl had to search for a suitable husband for her daughter at any condition put forth by the parents of the bridegroom. Many parents became paupers after conducting the marriages of their female 5 children. Dr.P.Nagoorkani, a Researcher from Madurai viewed that the Popular Justice Ministry in Madras Presidency was responsible for shaping the public opinion against all the evils associated with women. The liberation of women from the thralldom of cruel practices and traditions formed one of the declared principles of the Justice 6 Party and its Minister. During the successive Dravidian Parties rule, many legislations were brought to end many F R O M F E M A L E IN F A N T IC ID E T O F E M A L E F O E IT IC ID E – A C A S E S T U D Y IN A L O W S E X R A T IO D IS T R IC T S O F T A M IL N A D U D . E laovan 1 From Female Infanticide To Female Foeiticide – A Case Study In A Low Sex Ratio Districts Of Tamil Nadu D. Elangovan Associate Professor in History Thiru A.Govindasamy Givernment Arts College Tindivanam. evils connected with women. However, Female infanticide was first noticed in Tamil Nadu only during 1980s. During that period it was found that the Madurai District was prone 7 to this evi1. The first major reporting of Female Infanticide th in Tamil Nadu appeared in the India Today on 15 June 1986. The report of S.H. Venkatramani dealt with incidence 8 of female infanticide in Madurai district. But afterwards it was found that the killing female infants were practiced through out Tamil Nadu. Madurai, Dharmapuri and Salem were referred as prone areas of the practice of female 9 infanticide. The practice of female infanticide can be dearly noticed from the deaths of female infants within 7 days of their birth. Tamil Nadu was the first State to openly acknowledge the existence of female infanticide. Successive governments could do little to penetrate the social structure. The practice of female infanticide is not confirmed to some remote villages but is well established, spread over a geographical belt comprising at least eight districts: Dharmapuri, Salem, .Namakkal, Dindigul, Madurai, North Arcot, Theni and Thiruvanamalai in Tamil Nadu. The practice of female infanticide is in vogue among the Piramalai Kallars, Vanniars, Gounders and Kongu Vellalars, who now occupy a much larger geographical area than their eight districts mentioned above. The Vanniyars in Dharmapuri District and Dalits in general, who are not known to have indulged in it even until two decades ago, are now practicing this notorious crime. Female Infanticide in Usilampatti Taluk The Taluk of Usilampatti in Madurai District in Tamil Nadu shot into national notoriety in the 1980s for the extreme form of violence against women, the female infanticide and it became a byword for it. The Infanticide is slowly being replaced today by female foeticide, ably assisted and abetted by a medical profession that has lost its 10 scruples and professional pride. The vast majority of the population of Usilampatti is Kallars, who had been categorized as Criminal Tribes by the Colonial British regime. Usilampatti was, like all stereotyped dominant gender systems in India. Certain forms of patriarch associated with the culture of the Brahmanical castes were literally unknown in Usilampatti. Kallars were a hardy labouring community with the exception of a few families at the very top of the social ladder. The women also shared agricultural work almost equally with men. The Women were accorded high status in the Kallar society. The origin stories of clans and the important position occupied by female deities in the Kallar pantheon give us an insight into the traditionally high status accorded to women. Two of the clans or Nadus are claimed to be founded by women, who have been deified and occupy a dominant position among Kallar gods. These are the Nadu of Pappapatti founded by "Kothipanai Ochchayi" and that of Karumathur founded by Pechiamman. Such a community, where women had traditionally enjoyed relatively greater rights and freedoms suddenly came hurtling down and metamorphosed into a barbarously misogynistic society with rampant female 11 infanticide and foeticide. Two Sets of Villages in Madurai District: Low and Higher Sex Ratios In the Madurai District Nattamangalam Kovilankulam Panamoopanpatti, Kethuvarpatti Sirupatti, Kalluthu, Pappapatti, Eramarpatti, Alligundam, Meikilarpatti , Eravarpatti, are the places notified, where the practice of female infanticide is rampant. These places have registered very steep decline in the sex ratio since 1950s. At the other . end of the spectrum, there are other villages in the Madurai with very high sex ratio. The ones with the highest sex ratio as per 1981 census are Poosalapuram-1147, Vandapuli-l094, Muthunagaiapuram-l080, Boothipuram-l075, Sempattil075, Sindhupatti-l,059, Athamkaraipati . 1049, Vandari 1046, Perikattalai 1040 and Kethuvarpatti-1036. The two sets of villages present contrast. They seem to drastically different from each other in their economic structure, patterns of economic change in the few decades, and in the prevailing value system. Most of the villages in the second list, ones with high sex ratio, are interior villages, poorly connected by road and transport systems, very arid and poverty stricken, with traditional, semi-tribal values still surviving. On contrary, the villag


Context Organic cotton farming presents a viable and healthy alternative for small holders. However, involved producers are facing increased difficulties in finding suitable and adapted cultivars. Indeed, only few hybrids, selected for high input farming of genetically-modified (GM) cotton, which is explicitly excluded in organic farming, are dominating the seed market. Up to 80% of the world's organic cotton is produced in India with an increasing number of organic cotton projects throughout the country. Conversely in 2010, more than 80% of India's cotton area is grown with GM Bt-cotton (Nemes 2010) and by 2011 this has increased to 90%. Since the market for non-GM seed has become completely eroded, there is little interest by private seed companies to further invest in this sector. On the other hand, farmers have lost their traditional knowledge on seed production. Hybrid seeds have to be purchased each season and therefore organic cotton farmers rely nowadays on a diminishing supply market of non-GM cotton seeds. Recent experience has been that available non-GM seeds is of dubious quality (expired, chemically pre-treated, segregating) and based on a few hybrids only selected for responsiveness to fertilizer and chemical pest control that might not be adapted to rain-fed and low input conditions (Felkl and Sahai 2010). While new cultivars are tested routinely under conventional growing conditions (Surulivelu 2011; Rathore and Palve 2011), no systematic variety trials have been conducted for organic and low input growing conditions. This thesis aims at evaluating different types of cotton cultivars for their suitability for organic and low input farming in Central India combing on-station trials with on-farm participatory trials. The project is supported by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and local partners in India (bioRe India, University of Agricultural Science (UAS) Dharwad) and is a continuation of a program started in 2011.


The mixed oxide (MOX) fuel is one of the most important fuels for the advanced reactors in the future. It is flexible to be applied either in the thermal reactor like pressurized water reactor (PWR) or in the fast reactor (FR). This paper compares the two approaches from the view of fuel cost. Two features are involved. (1) The cost of electricity (COE) is investigated based on the simulation of realistic operation of a practical PWR power plant and a typical fast breeder reactor design. (2) A new economic analysis model is established, considering the discount rate and the revenue of the reprocessed plutonium besides the traditional costs in the processes of fuel cycle. The sensitivity of COE to the changing parameters is also analyzed. The results show that, in the closed fuel cycle, the fuel cost of applying MOX fuels in the FBR is about 25% lower than that in the PWR at the current operating and fuel cycle level.


Odontogenic Myxoma of the jaws is a rare benign tumor derived from embryonic mesenchymal elements of dental anlage. It appears to originate from the dental papilla, follicle or periodontal ligament. Odontogenic Myxoma of the maxilla is less frequent but behaves more aggressively than that of the mandible, because it spreads through the maxillary sinus. Radiographically, the tumors present as unilocular or multilocular radiolucent lesions with well-defined borders with fine, bony trabeculae. On gross examination, the tumor appears as a smooth, glistening, gelatinous, lobulated mass. On microscopic examination, these neoplasms exhibit loose arrangement of stellate-shaped cells. The intercellular substance is a mucinous and homogeneous matrix. We report a case of odontogenic myxoma of the maxilla observed in our clinic with good prognosis after partial maxillectomy.


The present invention provides a composition for improving skin conditions, containing chlorophyll a or pheophorbide a as an active ingredient. According to the present invention, chlorophyll a or pheophorbide a exhibits effects of alleviating skin wrinkles and inflammatory reactions caused by ultraviolet light. The composition of the present invention is administered orally and can be provided as a cosmetic composition, a pharmaceutical composition or a food composition.


Dislocation loops of Burgers vectors (a/2) form in potassium chloride during examination at temperatures of --110 to 20 deg C in a 75-kV transmission electron microscope. In addition to these loops, dislocation loops whose character is not known well yet and dislocation loops of a Burgers vector of the type aSTAOO1! also form at a temperature higher than about --15 and --5 deg C, respectively. The third type of loops is transformed into cracks when they have developed. (auth)


The synthesis of pyrroles functionalized by complexing groups such as acetylacetone, dibenzoylmethane or carboxylic acids is described, as well as their electrooxidation into functionalized polypyrroles. We have studied the behavior of poly(functionalized pyrrole) films in the presence of Li+, Ni2+ and Co2+ cations by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The electrochemical response under various conditions differs with the nature of the complexing group. We have also demonstrated the possibility to electrochemically generate copolymers with pyrrole and each functionalized pyrrole. The proportion of functional groups in the copolymers was estimated by following
 the peak potential dependence in cyclic voltammetry and was confirmed by IR spectroscopy.


Objectives To investigate the effect of telmisartan (telmi) on blood pressure, LV morphology, plasma angiotensin II, expression of preproET-1 and ET-1 in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) of SHR. Methods Twenty Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and twenty SHR were randomised to WKY + Vehicle (n = 10), SHR + Vehicle (n = 10), SHR + telmi (30mg/kg·d, n = 10), WKY + telmi (n = 10) groups. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of the experiment by tail cuff method. The changes of cardiac function were evaluated by Catheterization. The and plasma angiotensin II(Ang II) levels was measured by RIA. The average cardiomyocite diameter was calculated with the aid of an image analyzer (Image ProPlus 5.0). The mRNA expression of preproET-1, ET-1 were measured by RT-PCR. Results The SBP of telmisartan groups was significantly lower than Vehicle groups (155.25 ± 7.62 vs 202.43 ± 8.21mmHg, P < 0.01). Telmi group increased the left ventricular + dp/dtmax (56.23 ± 7.02 vs 62.30 ± 5.56, P < 0.05),-dp/dtmax (40.02 ± 5.13 vs 45.89 ± 4.36, P < 0.05). And the LVW/BW in SHR + Vehicle were significantly greater than that in WKY + Vehicle (3.02 ± 0.31 vs 2.42 ± 0.24mg/g, P < 0.01), Compared with SHR + Vehicle, after 12 weeks treatment with telmi, the LVW/BW in SHR + telmi decreased significantly (3.02 ± 0.31 vs 2.68 ± 0.25mg/g, P < 0.01). SHR + Telmi group had lower plasma Ang II than that in SHR + vehicle group (475.25 ± 69.31 vs 782.68 ± 70.25 pg/ml, P < 0.01). The cardiomyocite diameter of SHR + Vehicle was significantly larger than that of WKY + Vehicle (17.11 ± 2.81 vs 13.28 ± 3.25 μm, P < 0.05). Compared with SHR + Vehicle, the cardiomyocite diameter in SHR + telmi decreased significantly (14.81 ± 2.96 vs 17.11 ± 2.81 μm, P < 0.05). The expression of preproET-1 mRNA of SHR + telmi decreased 22.3% compared with SHR + Vehicle (P < 0.01), and the ET-1 level in left ventricular were markedly lower in SHR + telmi than that in SHR + Vehicle (177.44 ± 17.03 vs 220.51 ± 20.21, P < 0.05). Conclusions Telmisartan could preserve cardiac systolic and diastolic function and inhibit left ventricular hypertrophy partially by decreasing Ang II and ET-1 in SHR.


Background: Chronic diseases are expected to double their current incidence in people over 65, before by
2030. Cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease and heart failure, are the most common cause
of morbidity and mortality in developed countries and high blood pressure is the most prevalent risk factor.
Telemedicine collects data, shares information and provides clinical care, education, public health and
remote administrative services. Telehealth and specially connected health platforms, have the potential to
improve the health care system, reduce costs and increase patient satisfaction.
Methods: During 2018, 111 patients with high blood pressure (81 (73%) men and 30 (27%) women with
an average age 58,4 years) were selected and followed for 12 months. All patients included in the
telemonitoring program, received the Connected Health application on their smartphone and a bluetooth
device to measure blood pressure. The application reinforces education about the disease, treatment
compliance, blood pressure monitoring and in case of decompensation, generates alarms that trigger a
response by the medical team with video consultation.
Results: To analyse the difference in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), we calculate the average of the
first (when patients added to the program) and last 30 measurements after the 12-month follow-up. We
observed a reduction of 5,7 mmHg (4%) in systolic and 4 mmHg (5%) in diastolic blood pressure (p <0.05).
The use of the connected health platform avoided 3,2% of costs (Blood Pressure Holter and outpatient visits)
in one year. The patient satisfaction analysed with the Net Promoting Score of the services implicated
increased 2.2 points during the study period.
Conclusion: A telemonitoring platform for patients with high blood pressure, based on health
education, treatment compliance, blood pressure monitoring and early detection of decompensation,
improves blood pressure figures, reduce costs and increase patient satisfaction.


Aim To investigate whether the plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) activity and gene polymorphism played a pathogenetic role in acute coronary syndrome(ACS). Methods 106 patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome(ACS) and 98 subjects,who were suffering from stable coronary heart disease(SCHD),and 60 normal controls were recruited.The 4G/5G allele polymorphism were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction technique,while plasma activity assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results The plasma PAI-1 activity level in the ACS group(18.0±2.9 kAU/L) was significantly higher than that in the SCHD group(16.8±2.7 kAU/L) and in the control group(16.2±2.8 kAU/L;P0.01 or P0.005).The frequency of 4G/4G allele homozygous in the ACS group(49.1%) was significantly higher than that in the SCHD group(28.6%) and in the control group(26.7%;P0.05).The plasma PAI-1 activity level was statistically higher in 4G allele homozygous than those in 4G/5G heterozygous and 5G homozygous(P0.05). Conclusions There may be a link between the plasma PAI-1 activity and it's 4G/5G genotype.Elevated plasma PAI-1 activity and essentially 4G allele homozygous genotype might be the major risk factors of ACS.


A digital control system of brushless DC motor based on programmable Logic Device GAL16V8 and DSP is researched, and the principle and every element of the control system such as DSP2407,Logic handling segment, power driving circuit are analyzed. Compared with the software communication of BLDCM based on DSP, the control system has fast dynamic response, high reliability. The experimental result shows that the system has satisfied the spacecraft's demands on the BLDCM driving flywheel. In the end, the problem exited in the control system is analyzed on theory.


Generally a normal distribution random sequence is generated with a single seed,but in fact,each random number in this sequence can also be generated with different seeds.The method to generate different seeds was put forward and the measure to avoid generating same sequences when the random number generator was used continuously was proposed.Four statistical parameters were used,the qualities of a great lot of normal random sequences generated with single seed and multi-seed methods respectively at different time were contrastively studied in the aspects of normality, mean,deviation and randomness by virtue of statistical simulation and hypothesis test theory.The results showed that random sequences generated with multi-seed method have the evident advantage in normality and deviation quality,while in mean and randomness quality,the effects of these two methods are basically same;so as a whole,the multi-seed method is better than the single seed one.


. In the modern electrical distribution network and utility companies a steady increase in the need for high quality and safe delivery of electricity to consumers is evident, which requires an adequate distribution network, that is a network with high quality voltage and low loss of energy, with a small number of failures and equipment failure , etc. In this paper is proposed a way of representing the mathematical model of distribution networks. For calculations of energy applications, the best way for representation distribution network is in form of graph of the radial structure. By presenting the distribution network in the form of a radial structure graph, which consists of nodes and branches, possible through the use of specialized compensation algorithms for the calculation of steady state and fault analysis. Advantages of these algorithms, as compared to other algorithms are much shorter time needed for calculation and much higher accuracy of calculation results.


We report results from an experiment designed to test the conserved vector current (CVC) hypothesis by measuring the shape of the $\beta$-decay spectrum for the allowed $0^+\rightarrow 1^+$ ground state decay of $^{14}$O. Measurements of the spectrum intensity were obtained with a superconducting beta spectrometer and will be reported for positron kinetic energies ranging from 1.9 to 4.0 MeV. After dividing out phase space, Coulomb, and other correction factors, the resulting shape function has a negative slope of several per cent per MeV. We define a parameter $a'$, which is essentially a measure of the average slope of the shape function over the energy range of the measurements, and determine its value to be $a' = -0.0290 \pm 0.0008$ (stat.) $\pm 0.0006$ (syst.). The measured slope parameter is in good agreement with predictions from shell model calculations that respect CVC.


Using the 2000 census data,this paper examines the pattern of sex ratio at birth(SRB) in urban China and its association with migrant population.To address the question whether the abnormal SRB in urban China in the 1990s is a result of sex-selective childbearing of the migrant population,the paper compares SRB between rural permanent residents,urban permanent residents and urban migrant population by controlling a number of socio-demographic variables.Results of logistic regression show that SRB of the migrant population does not differ significantly from that of rural permanent and urban permanent residents.Strong son preference exists in both rural and urban areas.Rising and abnormal SRB in urban China is not solely the responsibility of the migrant population.


Synthesis and optical resolution of (Z)-5-benzylidene as well as 5-alkyl derivatives of the title compounds have been accomplished. The Diels-Alder reaction of the former with ketene diethylacetal and base-mediated methylation of the latters were found to proceed preferencially from the same side of 2-methyl group of the oxazinedione rings. The reason for this selectivity is proposed.


The publication characterizes the factors that actualize the issues of information support for the activities of state archival institutions. Attention is focused on the main factors that are associated with the increasing role of archives in communication processes, as well as with the use of the latest technologies and integration processes.


Protozoal infections are still reported to be widespread in several regions around the world, especially in areas with subtropical and tropical climates, where the environment is poor in hygiene. This disease is endemic in several areas in Indonesia, both on the island of Java and outside, especially in rural areas. So far, the treatment of protozoal infections still relies on nitroimidazole antibiotics. However, there are a number of reports of resistance and treatment failure with these antibiotics. In Indonesia, there are still few articles that discuss the treatment of parasitic infections. The purpose of writing this article is to review the therapeutic options that can be used in the management of protozoal infections in Indonesia. From this review, it can be concluded that in addition to the nitroimidazole group, clefamide, amphotericin-B, oxytetracycline, trimetoprim-sulfametoxazole, paramomycin, and nitazoxanide can also be used as alternative treatments.


Activation of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathway can induce apoptosis in a broad range of human cancer cells. Four membrane-bound receptors have been identified: TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 contain a functional death domain. TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4 lack a functional death domain and function as decoy receptors. Flow-cytometric determination of TRAIL receptors revealed that acute myeloid leukemic (AML) blasts expressed significantly more pro-apoptotic receptors compared to normal blasts (p<0.0005). However, about 20% of AML patients had a high expression level of the anti-apoptotic TRAIL-R3, which was strongly correlated to a shortened overall survival (log rank, p=0.002). In multivariate analysis, TRAIL-R3 expression was a stronger prognostic factor for overall survival than age. Cell death induction of primary AML samples with sTRAIL/Apo2L was 14% (0-54%) and could be enhanced by down-modulation of TRAIL-R3, confirming its decoy function on AML blasts. Bypassing of TRAIL-R3 by treatment with antibodies directly targeting R2 resulted in high rates of induced cell death (mean 30%, 0-80%). In conclusion, AML blasts do express pro-apoptotic TRAIL receptors. However, co-expression with the decoy receptor TRAIL-R3 results in significant shortened overall survival. AML blasts are sensitive to targeting the pro-apoptotic TRAIL-R2 receptor, yielding a new therapeutic option for AML patients.


Foreword by A. William Hoglund 1. The Origin of the Einns 2. Early Enigration from Finland 3. More Recent Emigration from Finland 4. The First Finn in Michigan 5. The Copper Country 6. Gogebic County 7. Marquette, Dickinson, and Iron Counties 8. The Eastern Counties of the Upper Peninsula 9. Lower Michigan 10. Churches 11. The Rise and Decline of the Temperance Movement 12. The Rise and Decline of the Labor Movement 13. The Knights and Ladies of Kaleva 14. The Cooperative Movement 15. Cultural and Educational Achievements 16. The Swedish Finns in Michigan 17. Finland and the Finns of Michigan 18. From What Parishes Did They Come?


As the sole habitat for terrestrial life, the Earth's critical zone (CZ) refers to the upper, porous layer of the continental crust that is interacting with the circulating meteoric waters. Conceptually, water is central to the intriguing co‐evolution of both the hydrologic behaviour and the structure of the CZ. On one hand, the path and rate of water circulating through the CZ are shaped by the CZ physical structure itself, such as the distribution of material porosity and permeability. On the other hand, and at longer time scales, the circulating water shapes the CZ structure through physical and chemical alterations of porosity and permeability and through being an agent of denudation, thereby reshaping the surface of the CZ and shifting its hydraulic boundaries. It is possible to alternate between thinking of the CZ as a storage container for water or thinking of water as an agent shaping CZ architecture, in much the same way that it is possible either to see a vase or to see profiles of two faces in the classic Rubin's vase illusion (Figure 1). This perspective shifting duality of the water–CZ relationship is further modulated by biological forces such as plants and soil organisms, as well as anthropogenic actions that both alter the flow and chemistry of the water in the CZ. How the modern‐day CZ structure shapes current hydrologic processes, how vegetation and humans alter the hydrology and biogeochemistry of the CZ, and how the hydrology and CZ structure co‐evolve via feedbacks arising from this duality of the water–CZ relationship are the three broad categories of questions that motivated this collection of 20 papers comprising the Special Issue of Hydrological Processes on Water in the Critical Zone. A brief introduction to the contributions organized by these overarching questions follows.


In response to the problems of low straw utilization efficiency and poor returning effect in Northeast China, this paper takes rice straw containing cow dung as the experimental material, and according to the characteristics of lignin glass transformation of the material, proposes a new method to prepare biomass seedling trays. The seedling trays prepared by this method can meet the needs of corn seedling cultivation and transplantation. To study the molding mechanism, scanning electron microscopy and a universal testing machine were used to compare the changes in the internal structure and mechanical properties of the regularly- and hot-compressed seedling trays before and after seedling raising. The results show that the material with water content of 23% has the best hot-pressing effect. The forming mechanism is: that the strength of the molded seedling tray resulted from the mechanical setting force of the multilayered stem fibers with a mosaic structure within the seedling tray. The adhesion and wrapping by lignin prevented water penetration from damaging the multilayered stem fibers and slightly improved their strength. The seedling tray made of straw and manure was completely degraded over 40 days, and the straw degradation rate was improved. This method can increase the overall quality and benefits of straw, providing a foundational reference for high-quality and high-efficiency straw utilization.


Employees are the greatest business competitive advantage and the management of these people since communication involves the strategic management of the realities involved in their learning, behavior and adherence to the organization. The objective of this research is to present the strategic role of communication in the company in the development of human talent through information management, interaction and integration through an ascending scale that converge in the teleological dimension of communication: the integral development of people, business and society.


Let Ω be a set ofq symbols andΩn = {x1 . . . xn | xi ∈ Ω}. We prove that for any fixedq andR, there is a de Bruijn covering code of radius R of lengthO( q n ( R) lnn), answering a question of Chun and Cooper.  2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


A T last the Coptic Gnostic writings found in 1945 near Nag-Hamâdi in Upper Egypt have begun to appear in scholarly editions. The present volume is an extract from the full text and commentary which will be published soon. A translation with commentary has also just been published by Jean Doresse (see also his book on the discovery, Les limes secrets des gnostiques d'Egypte). It is a pity the numbering of the sayings differs in these two works; it will lead to much confusion. There is no doubt of the importance of the Gospel of Thomas for the study of Egyptian Gnosticism of the third and fourth century. But the claims made by journalists and advertisers are preposterous, and it is simply incredible that reputable scholars can have lent their names (they have!) to some of the far-reaching claims. The material is much like other fragmentary pieces from the same part of the world : the so-called Logia Jesu, and the Fragments of a Lost Gospel. The basis is not some source comparable to those underlying the Synoptic Gospels, but the sayings of Jesus found in the Gospels as we have them today, the canonical four. These sayings are garbled, warped, and twisted, and fitted into a Gnostic scheme of thought, on the assumption, apparently, that the meditations of the gnostic could bring out deeper truth in the tradition. For example, "Whoever knows the All but fails [to know] himself lacks everything" (No. 67) is no saying of Jesus but a pure gnostic maxim. This very scholarly and, I believe, accurate and reliable translation will be most useful to church historians and others who know enough about Gnosticism to evaluate the material. The proposal to rank it with the canonical Gospels is simply nonsense. Gnosticism was a form of Christianity, true enough; but it was a perverted form, and in the end it was the open enemy of the Christian faith. Its value for the New Testament student is in its exhibition of what the result was destined to be when certain tendencies, already apparent in the first century, had gone their full length. Fortunately, in the New Testament these tendencies were curbed.


The use of polymer gel for water control and oil addition is a common technical method in oilfield development. The polymer and hydrated bentonite react under the action of an organic crosslinking agent to form a composite gel. The particle-size change and microstructure of the composite gel were analyzed via shear thinning, thixotropic, viscoelastic, and start-up stress rheology experiments. The experimental results show that the polyacrylamide/bentonite organic crosslinked composite gel was a gel system with bentonite as the core aggregate structure, and the large particle-size distribution was mostly increased with increasing crosslinker content. The composite gel presented shear thinning characteristics, the content of bentonite or crosslinking agent was increased, and the shear resistance was stronger at a high shear rate. The composite gel exhibited positive thixotropic properties, and the thixotropy increased with increasing bentonite content. The composite gel had good viscoelastic characteristics, the elastic characteristics of the composite gel showed more significantly with bentonite increases, and the viscosity of the composite gel showed its characteristics more significantly with the crosslinking agent increased. After loading at a rate on the composite gel, the shear stress increased significantly with time and reached its maximum value, and then the shear stress decreased and gradually stabilized.


Objectives : This study aims to characterize the various structural parameters of the woody vegetation in Ferlo Biosphere Reserve (FBR). Methods and Results: In 2011 measurement of dendrometric characteristics of trees and an inventory of the woody flora was carried out in 110 plots of 900 m² each. The total specific richness was 49 species and the average of the specific richness was 5.8 species / plot. The analysis of centesimal frequencies showed that Guiera senegalensis (75%), Combretum glutinosum (65.5%), Boscia senegalensis (63.6%) and Pterocarpus lucens (60.9%) are the most common species. Tree density is higher in the central area (392 ind / ha) while the basal area and the recovery are higher in the buffer zone with respectively 9.17 m²/ha and 43%. Concerning the structure, the woody trees have a relatively high proportion of seedlings. In fact, over 90% of trees surveyed have heights between 0 and 6 m and circumference between 10 and 100 cm, which shows the importance of the shrub layer in the FBR. With regard to the ecological importance, three species are distinguished : Pterocarpus lucens (18%), Guiera senegalensis (16%) and Combretum glutinosum (13%). The rate of regeneration of plant population is 72% in the FBR. It is twice higher in the core area (79%) which is less anthropized than the buffer zone (36%) and the transition zone (39%). Guiera senegalensis has the highest potential of regeneration with a specific regeneration index more than 62%. Conclusion and applicability of the results: These results demonstrate the potential of the FBR to ensure the dual role of biodiversity conservation and provision of ecosystem services to local communities.

Key words : floristic cortege, wood stand, ecological importance, density, recovery

J. Appl. Biosci. 2013


A microscopic theory of the statics and dynamics of one-component phonon systems with quartic anharmonicity is presented, based on our recently developed generalization of the Blume-Hubbard formalism. Introducing as a set of representative microscopic variables the local displacements ${Q}_{i}$, their squares ${Q}_{i}^{2}$, and momenta ${P}_{i}$, exact equations for the corresponding relaxation functions are derived involving static susceptibilities and time-dependent memory functions. Both the static susceptibilities and the memory functions are expressed in terms of cumulants of ${Q}_{i}$, ${P}_{i}$, and ${Q}_{i}^{2}$, thus allowing systematic approximations to be made by terminating the cumulant expansion at a given order. It is shown that the lowest approximation involving first-order cumulants leads to the conventional undamped soft modes. The next approximation including second-order cumulants results in complicated nonlinear integro-differential equations for the static and dynamic quantities which have been solved numerically for the exactly solvable case of uncoupled classical oscillators and for the linear lattice, respectively. The static and dynamical results are discussed and found to be in substantial agreement with the exact solutions (when available) and with molecular dynamics calculations. Finally, the applicability of our method to phonon systems with $n$ components, to local motion of isolated defects in crystals, to molecular crystals, and to superionic conductors is emphasized.


Novel phytosphingosine-based analogs of ceramide I, methods for the preparation of these novel compounds, cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and methods for the use thereof are described.


Sequential extraction of Zea mays coleoptile cell walls with increasing concentration of potassium hydroxide (1 mM–4 M) rendered different cell wall fractions soluble: carbohydrate and phenolic analyses of each extracted fraction were performed. Ferulic acid was the main monomeric phenolic acid extracted from cell walls, while some p-coumaric and 8-8′, 8-5′, 8-O-4′ and 5-5′ dehydrodiferulic acids were also extracted, the 8-8′ dimer being the main one extracted by saponification from maize coleoptile cell walls. The different potassium hydroxide concentrations at which the various phenolic acids, both monomeric and dimeric, were extracted showed that they were associated with cell walls at different degrees. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Malaria continues to be a major public health problem in many countries and its role as a military medical problem goes back into antiquity. Malaria has the potential to incapacitate such a large number of troops that military operations may be jeopardized. In India the Vedic medical literature recognized it as the "King of Diseases". Shifting from the ancient to the present - about 100 countries in the world are considered malarious with more than 2400 million of the world's population at risk. The incidence of malaria worldwide is estimated to be 300-500 million cases each year killing between 1.1 to 2.7 million people. Urban and periurban malaria is on the increase in South Asia. Military conflicts and civil unrest along with unfavourable ecological changes have greatly contributed to malaria epidemics as large number of unprotected non-immune and physically weakened refugees move into malarious areas. Such population movements contribute to new malaria outbreaks and make epidemic prone situation more explosive. (excerpt)


The evolution properties of the normalized intensity distribution, the spectral degree of coherence (SDOC), and the spectral degree of polarization (SDOP) of a radially polarized Laguerre-Gaussian correlated Schell-model (LGCSM) beam propagating in turbulent atmosphere has been studied in detail. Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel integral and the unified theory of coherence and polarization, analytical formulas for the elements of the cross-spectral density (CSD) matrix of a radially polarized LGCSM beam in turbulent atmosphere are derived. Numerical results show that the normalized intensity distributions of the radially polarized LGCSM beams gradually evolve from a doughnut shape into a solid spot and become a Gaussian beam profile eventually due to the anisotropic effect of atmospheric turbulence on propagation. Furthermore, the influences of the spatial coherence length, the structure constant of the refractive-index fluctuations of the turbulence, the power index, the inner scale of the turbulence and the outer scale of the turbulence on the propagation properties of the normalized intensity distributions, the SDOC, and the SDOP of the radially polarized LGCSM beams are discussed in detail.


(A) Arrange 3 − 6 introductory lectures to the Matroid Theory; On the unimodal and log-concave polynomials; On the Lefschetz Theory (HL) and the Hodge–Riemann Relations(HRR); On Lorentzian polynomials, with orientation on young and senior researches; present and discuss some new Conjectures in Matroid Theory. The main objective of this Workshop is to attract attention of young researches as well as the leading specialists in Matroid Theory and related areas of Mathematics to some Conjectures concerning the Tutte polynomial of matroids. (B) Introductory lecture to the P-positivity property of polynomials; Unimodality and P-positivity Conjectures in Matroid Theory.


Biodiesel is obtained using the transesterification process from renewable oils obtained from vegetable and animal fats. The transesterification process is used to produce biodiesel from Karanja oil with heterogeneous catalyst Calcium Oxide (CaO). In this research work, the Taguchi method has used for the optimization of the transesterification process using five input parameters and five levels for the development of orthogonal arrays. Experiments have conducted as per the L25 orthogonal array developed by Taguchi and yields obtained have been noted. The results obtained by experimentation have been analyzed by Minitab software. The results from Minitab have compared with the results obtained using ANN script analytically as well as graphically. The maximum value of yield has 88% at optimum parametric value namely molar ratio 20% with the addition of 3% Calcium oxide catalyst at process temperature 65ºC for 60 minutes reaction time and agitation speed 600 rpm.


Introduction G LANCING shock-wave/turbulent-boundarylayer interaction, in which an oblique shock wave glances across a boundary layer along an adjacent wall (Fig. 1), constitutes one of the most important phenomena of three-dimensional interference. The primary separation line is one of the most easily discerned features of the interactionfootprintobtainableby surface  ow visualization.In the interaction induced by a sharp Ž n or a semicone, the separation line is usuallystraightexcept the "inceptionregion."Hence once the angle of the separation line ( s : deŽ ned as the angle formed by the separation line and the incoming freestreamdirection) is speciŽ ed, one can grasp the extent of interaction region. Koide et al.1 previouslyproposedan empirical predictionmethod for theprimary separationanglescausedby a seriesof unsweptsharp Ž ns (USF) with attack angle® (Fig. 1a), semicones (SC), and sharp triangle Ž ns (STF) at zero ® (Figs. 1b and 1c). In the prediction, only the inviscid shock-wave characteristics such as shock angle and pressure rise across the shock were employed. (Inviscid means the imaginary condition that would exist if no boundary layer were presented on the wall.) In this Note, the prediction method is extended to include swept sharp Ž n (SSF) with ® (Fig. 1d) and STF with ®. Using the extended method, the separation angles can be predicted for almost all types of sharp shock generators with various angles of attack ®, sweep angles , half-apex angles " under a wide range of supersonicMach numbers.


Acute poisoning,a common pediatric emergency,is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in children,especially in developing countries. The patterns of poisoning usually differ from country to country and from province to another within the same country.The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of acute chemical and drug poisoning.cases admitted to the emergency department (ED)ofmaternity and children,teaching hospital in Al- Diwaniyah city and to compare poisoning characteristics between different age groupsin the region. A review of medical records of 125 poisoningcases under 7 years of age, except for cases of food poisoning,snake bite,scorpion stings and cases with incomplete data were not included in this study,presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) during 2016 were determined.The mean age of all poisoned patients (mean ± standard deviation) was 2.26 ± 0.750.One hundred and twenty five children,forming 2.2% (125/5494) of total emergency unit admissions of all patients,were under seven years of age. Slightly more boys 71 (56.8%) than girls 54 (43.2%) were intoxicated with the male to female ratio of 1.3:1. The majority of all cases were due to accidental poisoning. In patients younger than one year of age 23 (18.4%),of all poisonings were due to therapeutically error,1 – 3 year 47 (37.6%),4 – 7 year 55 (44%). Chemical agents (58.4%) mostly kerosene (30.1%),agriculturalpesticides/insecticides (19.1%),were the most frequent offending agent,followed by drugs comprised (41.6%),mostly due to Cold and cough medication (15.3%),The vast majority of these materials was stored in non-original containers,These drugs were available at home,being used either by the child or the parents and grandparents.The most common route of poisoning was ingestion of the poison (118 patients; 94.4%) and most were ingested inside the house (73.6%). No deaths were reported.There were obvious seasonal variations and most cases were admitted during in summer (42.4%) and spring (29.6%). Patients from rural areas (57.6%) were more than the patients from the urban areas (42.4%). Effective health promotional programs for parents regarding poisoning hazards are needed to increase the awareness and reduce the incidence of poisoning among children in our region in addition correct dealing with the chemical materials. A relationship exists between the parents' level of education and the occurrence of pediatric poisoning particularly mothers. Since the level of education in this study was lower in the mothers and for mothers are those who take primary care of children at home; they should be educated regarding care and prevention of lethal injuries to their children at home.


Crisis? What is Crisis?: Continuity and Change in European Welfare States One Social Model or Many? Globalisation and the Welfare State European Union Social Policy: Policy Development and Policy-Making European Union Social Policy Today and Tomorrow One Money Muddle: Social Policy and the Euro Europe Isn't Working: Jobs, Unemployment and Social Exclusion Citizens Arise? Europe and Social Citizenship Conclusions


Purpose:To explore the Spiral CT(SCT)characteristics of unusual tumors and tumor-like lesions of urinary system.Materials and Methods:The SCT characteristics of papillary renal cell carcinoma(n=4),multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinoma(n=4),chromophobe renal cell carcinoma(n=2),xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis(n=2),malignant degeneration of bladder diverticulum(n=1),malignant degeneration of extrophia bladder(n=1) and amyloidosis of bladder(n=1),were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Of 4 papillary renal cell carcinomas,SCT showed the turmas which raised in renal cortex or adjacent renal sinus in 2 cases,respectively.On SCT all 4 tumors appeared as a cyst-solid mass,with obstructed nephrydrosis and stones in 2 cases,without any retroperitoneal lymphadenopathies and tumor emboli in the inferior vena cava in in 4 cases.Of 4 multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinomas,SCT displayed the cystic mass with irregularly thickened wall in 2 cases,a big cyst with small solid part in 1 case,and a cystic thinner wall with mural enhanced nodule in 1 case.SCT depicted two chromophobe renal cell carcinomas with well margins,homogeneous density,and less enhancement than normal renal cortex,and a diameter of 2.0cm and 2.5cm respectively;SCT showed soft tissue masses with poor borders in the renal pelvis,and with nephrydrosis and stones and cavities in renal parenchyma of 2 xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.SCT showed the malignant degeneration surrounding the entrance of the vesical diverticulum that was irregularly thickened and enhanced in 1case.On SCT,the malignant degeneration of extrophia of the bladder had a enhanced papillary nodule in the anterior wall outside pelvis in 1 case.SCT appeared the amyloidosis of the bladder as multiple non-enhanced,irregular nodules in the right posterior wall in 1 case.Conclusion:SCT can clearly display the location,morphologic and contrast enhancement characteristics and has a great value for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of unusual tumors and tumor-like lesions of urinary system.


With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Avian Influenza, and Ebola as recent reference points, Snowden explores the impact of epidemics on public health, human behavior, intellectual history, and war. Despite sharing borders with China, Vietnam and Mongolia both avoided mass outbreaks through swiftly imposed travel restrictions and face mask wearing in early 2020. Since flattening the curve in March 2020 through more draconian means, China has favored a multilateral approach to tackling COVID-19, as exhibited through their mask diplomacy and vaccine cooperation. Since the onset of COVID-19, hate crimes and other forms of discrimination against East Asians has skyrocketed.