Abstract Background: Hysterectomy is one of the commonest major gynecologic surgeries performed worldwide. While the procedure is highly successful for curing diseases, especially nonmalignant conditions, it is not without risks. Objective: The aim of this research was to review hysterectomies in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria, with respect to indications, types, outcomes, and complications over a 5-year period. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study conducted from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2009. Case records of patients who underwent hysterectomy were retrieved to obtain information on sociodemographics, types of hysterectomy, elective or emergency surgeries, blood losses, blood units transfused, and surgical complications. Results: Of 1859 major gynecologic surgeries during the study period, there were 196 hysterectomies, an incidence of 10.5%. Mean ages of the patients were 46.83 ± 9.18 years (elective surgery) and 40.28 ± 6.82 years (em...


In the 20 th  century  waqf  as the institution of Islamic social charity went through the serious institutional crisis that manifested itself in incompatibility  waqf' s bases with aims and goals of modernization of the Ottoman society and state. At the beginning of the 19 th  century inefficiency of  waqfs  and growth of corruption among its administrators and beneficiaries prejudiced public reputation of this institution. In the aggregate all these factors prepared the ground for total confiscation of  waqf  property in the early of 20 th  century in several parts of the Ottoman Empire.


Winter weather is a decisive factor affecting the daily course of action at airports and causing delays or even
safety hazards. Snow covered or iced aerodrome movement areas or aircraft require an initiation of counteractions
on time. In order to minimize economic loss and to maintain safety, winter weather situations within
an investigation area around an airport have to be detected and forecasted as precisely as possible. At the
Department of Transport Meteorology of the German Aerospace Center's (DLR) Institute of Atmospheric
Physics the winter weather nowcasting system WHITE (Winter Hazards In Terminal Environment) has been
developed kindly supported by Munich Airport operations. Designed as an automated system WHITE assimilates
multiple real-time data sources and assesses problematic winter weather aspects like the differentiation
between snow and liquid precipitation, the identification of freezing precipitation and icing plus the rating
of surface conditions. The innovative approach of WHITE, combining critical parameters for different predefined
winter weather scenarios by means of Fuzzy Logic, classifying hazardous regions and generating
winter weather objects, enables the determination of precipitation type and hazard's intensity.


Disease outbreaks in the form of epidemics and pandemics are known to destabilise the existing global public health infrastructure and to put nation-states in an alarming set of circumstances, thereby posing quite a few questions before us, including: can there be a solution to such problem in international law? In light of this question, the present essay tries to discern the role of international law in handling disease outbreaks It wants to know whether there are sufficient international legal safeguards to address disease outbreaks and whether liability can be fastened on nation-states (including their people), international organisations, etc , if they are found to be directly and substantially responsible for such outbreaks It dissects theoretical frameworks, analyses and interprets the existing literature to conclude that a 'one-size-fits-all' international legal approach is required to control disease outbreaks It eventually recommends the need to have a Pandemic Convention Copyright © 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd


Visual correspondence represents one of the most important tasks in computer vision. Given two sets of pixels (i.e. two images), it aims at finding corresponding pixel pairs belonging to the two sets (homologous pixels). As a matter of fact, visual correspondence is commonly employed in fields such as stereo correspondence, change detection, image registration, motion estimation, pattern matching, image vector quantization. The visual correspondence task can be extremely challenging in presence of disturbance factors which typically affect images. A common source of disturbances can be related to photometric distortions between the images under comparison. These can be ascribed to the camera sensors employed in the image acquisition process (due to dynamic variations of camera parameters such as auto-exposure and auto-gain, or to the use of different cameras), or can be induced by external factors such as changes of the amount of light emitted by the sources or viewing of non-lambertian surfaces at different angles. All of these factors tend to produce brightness changes in corresponding pixels of the two images that can not be neglected in real applications implying visual correspondence between images acquired from different spatial points (e.g. stereo vision) and/or different time instants (e.g. pattern matching, change detection). In addition to photometric distortions, differences between corresponding pixels can also be due to the noise introduced by camera sensors. Finally, the acquisition of images from different spatial points or different time instants can also induce occlusions. Evaluation assessments have also been proposed which compared visual correspondence approaches for tasks such as stereo correspondence (Chambon & Crouzil, 2003), image registration (Zitova & Flusser, 2003) and image motion (Giachetti, 2000).


To further improve the ability for solving large scale problems, multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) has been investigated in detail in this paper. To optimize MLFMA, various techniques including the Morton code, the modified interpolation technique for translation operators and the recycling storage strategy for outgoing waves were used. Numerical experiments show the MLFMA has the computation complexity of O(NlogN) and the storage of O(N) for N unknowns, so it is especially suitable for solving 3-D electrically large problems. A 3-D electrically large problem with 250000 unknowns has been solved successfully by the present method on the single computer with 1Gb memory.


The oleander scale, Aspidiotus nerii Bouche, is a polyphagous, cosmopolitan species almost always present on jojoba, Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider, in its native Sonora desert and on plants introduced to Israel's Negev desert. Monthly samples of oleander scale taken at an experimental field at Omer, in the northern Negev, showed that the overall population of the scale has 2 prominent peaks; one in spring and the other in autumn. There was a marked reduction of the population in the period May-August when jojoba fruits ripen. Data on the abundance of immature stages suggested 3 generations annually. Comparison of scale densities on male and female jojoba plants showed no difference in overall density. However, the sex ratio of 2nd instars heavily favored females on male plants. This difference was significant in 8 of 13 mo, as was a weighted average over the whole period. The distribution of male and female 2nd instars on the upper and lower side of leaves differed significantly in 7 of 12 mo, although not when the whole year was considered. Analysis of the spatial distribution of scales by Taylor's power law showed that the scale distribution is highly aggregated on jojoba. On irrigated and fertilized plants the scale density was very high, whereas on untreated plants the scale was almost absent, suggesting that cultivation is responsible for the large oleander scale populations on jojoba. Despite its high density on jojoba, oleander scale has not emerged as an economic pest in either Israel or the United States. A conjecture is offered to explain this.


Abstract The paper contains an overview of the history of engineering education in the United States. It also explains the differences between engineering and engineering technology from an historical perspective. The similarities and differences between those two programs are also being addressed. The article also explains the concept of the project-driven approach in teaching engineering technology courses. The procedure to secure and administer funding for the projects is also addressed. The paper also includes some practical guidelines for implementing a project-based approach.


The user interface is an increasingly important aspect of a product that is often at least as important as the functionality in determining its success. This paper discusses how user interface design is typically incorporated into the design and development of a software product and motivates why it is important that engineers and other members of the "development team", not just user interface specialists, be familiar with the important concepts of user interface design. This familiarity is necessary so that all members of the team appreciate the need for good user interface design and ensure it is integrated into the product. From this point of view, the paper discusses approaches using GUIs and other techniques for effective user interface design and how they might be incorporated into an engineer's training. A key component of our approach is hands-on experience by participants to put the concepts into practice in small- to medium-size team projects where engineers develop their own project and also critique each others project. Critiques are then used to iteratively improve the design. These projects crystallize the user interface design process and help the engineer gain an appreciation for its importance. Engineers can take this experience back to the workplace and be more receptive to user interface concerns leading to a better product.<<ETX>>


A novel intracellular reduction-sensitive delivery system of doxorubicin (DOX), based on pullulan–stearic acid (P-ss-SA) conjugates with disulfide bonds as reduction-sensitive bonds, was successfully developed. The conjugates could self-assemble into micelles in aqueous media and encapsulate DOX. The properties of blank and DOX-loaded micelles were studied in detail. The results showed that the mean size of the blank and DOX-loaded micelles was around 187.7 nm and 194.4 nm, respectively. The drug loading content and encapsulation efficiency of the P-ss-SA micelles were around 6.19% and 65.53%, respectively. The mean size of reduction-sensitive P-ss-SA micelles increased dramatically under reductive conditions. The drug release of P-ss-SA micelles under reductive conditions was much faster than that under non-reductive conditions. The confocal laser microscopy and flow cytometry measurements indicated that the intracellular reductive conditions broke the disulfide bonds in P-ss-SA micelles and triggered the fast release of DOX. The in vitro IC50 of the DOX-loaded P-ss-SA micelles was lower than that of DOX-loaded micelles without reduction-sensitivity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cells. The blank micelles showed negligible cytotoxicity, and possessed excellent hemocompatibility without causing undesirable hemolysis. These results indicated that the biocompatible reduction-sensitive P-ss-SA micelles can be used as potential carrier systems for the intracellular delivery of DOX.


Two helical samples: F‐actin and the bacteriophage T4 tail sheath were reconstructed in three dimensions from contrast enhanced (rotational shadowing and negatively stained) in‐lens cryo‐field emission scanning electron micrographs, using the iterative real‐space helical reconstruction method. The F‐actin – and bacteriophage T4 reconstructions compare favourably to an atomic model refined against fibre diffraction data and a cryo‐electron microscopy reconstruction, respectively. These results show that single‐particle methods, developed for macromolecules imaged in the transmission electron microscope can be applied to cryo‐field emission scanning electron micrographs data with appropriate symmetry.


In this note we answer positively a question of Chris Godsil and Karen Meagher on the existence of a 2-design whose block graph has a non-canonical clique without a design structure.


A design of NC equipment's special keyboard is presented.This design adopts Atmel Corporation's single-chip AT89S51 as the microcontroller of the system,to achieve the keyboard with special control function in the NC system which is based on Windows OS.This kind of keyboard has excellent practicability and sensitivity,and it can be capable of input function in the Windows OS,as well as control function under NC system.


Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] is such a vegetable which makes one-self to remember of its sweetness and eye attractive colored tubers, popularly called by name sakarkand in India. It is an extremely versatile and delicious dicotyledonous tuber crop belonging to the family Convolvulaceae. The crop stands one among the oldest vegetables known to mankind and has been originated in South America. The nutrition of sweet potato in human diet is quite appreciable as it provides high quantity of starch, substantial amount of vitamins, minerals and trace elements compared to cereals. It would be a good substitute for rice and wheat (Thakur, 1975). It also contains considerable amount of beta-carotene (5.40 to 20.00 mg/100g) and sugar content. Statistical data obtained shows that in sweet potato India covers an area of 0.13 million ha producing 1.63 million tonnes of tubers with the productivity of 12.2 metric tonnes per ha (Anon., 2017). A wide industrial application of sweet potato starch is incredible, it includes sweeteners, citric acid, noodle production, beverage, industrial alcohol, ethanol, fuel, and derived products as maltose. Leaves are immense source of protein for feeding pigs, goats, and chickens International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 10 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


In contrast to most previous scholarship that has examined political communication gaps within developed polities, this study examines the role of such gaps in a developing democracy with high levels of social stratification. Employing the 2001 Afrobarometer survey conducted in Mali, this study examined the association between forms of media use (radio, newspaper, and television) and individual political knowledge, participation, and socialization. The analysis demonstrates a pattern of political communication gaps where media use is associated with a widening of gaps in political knowledge and participation favoring socially privileged groups. Conversely, media use is associated with a narrowing of gaps in democratic socialization between social groups. These findings have implications for understanding the institutional and systemic role of the mass media in developing democracies.


Notes on "Quantitative research, agent-based modelling and theories of the social", by Hedström and Åberg, chapter 6 (pp. 114–144) in Hedström (2005). For 36-462. This chapter has both a theoretical/methodological aim, and an empirical one. The theoretical aim is to explain a non-trivial social phenomenon in what the authors regard as a methodologically sound way, to exemplify the virtue of the methodology. (In the book, this is what Hedström has spent the previous five chapters building up to.) The empirical aim is to study peer effects in youth unemployment. Let's take the theory side first. The picture they have in mind is something like this: Macro(t) prediction −−−−−−−→ Macro(t + 1) xaggregation xaggregation micro(t) causation −−−−−−→ micro(t + 1) The desire is to fill in the outer loop, rather than relying on phenomenological models of the upper arrow. The latter are basically unstable, since they rely on many small-scale details not changing very much. There will of course be exceptions, where the macroscopic variables are very specifically defined, but in general arbitrarily-chosen macro variables won't even form a Markov process, let alone a causal Markov process (Shalizi and Moore, 2003). Micro level processes should (say Hedstrom and Aberg) reflect the choices of the agents among their available options, in turn coming from beliefs and desires, and how the consequences of those choices create conditions for others' choices. Let's turn specifically to unemployment. How can we think about its dynamics while keeping our eye on Hedström's trinity of "desires, beliefs, opportunities"? You need to look in order to find a job; so looking has to be better than not looking. Also, if you do look, you need information to actually find the job. The authors draw a diagram from this; unfortunately they get it wrong! Here is what their figure 6.2 should look like. 1That last is the only sensible meaning of "dialectic" (Kautsky, 1988; Elster, 1982, 1985).


Osteomyelitis is an infl ammatory bone disease commonly related to an infectious origin caused by germs, mainly pyogenic staphy- lococcus, and occasionally, streptococci, pneumococci and en- terobacteriae. Several treatments and classifi cations for osteomy- elitis have been established. These are based on clinical course, pathologic-anatomical or radiologic features, etiology and patho- genesis. Chronic osteomyelitis is a complication of non-treated or inadequately treated acute osteomyleitis. It can also be caused by a low grade prolonged infl ammatory reaction. This study presents four cases of maxillary osteomyelitis treated between 2007 and 2009. Cases were treated with antimicrobial therapy. Preoperatively, pa- tients were prescribed Clindamycin, 300 mg every eight hours, Ce- friaxone, 1 g IV every 12 hours. Cases were surgically treated with subtotal hemi-maxillectomy. Postoperatively, cases were treated with Penicillin G 800,000 units IM per day, for 30 days. All cases evolved satisfactorily without relapse. RESUMEN La osteomielitis es una enfermedad osea infl amatoria, comunmente relacionada a un origen infeccioso por germenes piogenos funda- mentalmente estafi lococos y en algunas ocasiones por estreptoco- cos, neumococos y enterobacterias. Se han establecido diversas clasifi caciones y tratamientos para la osteomielitis, basadas en el comportamiento clinico, caracteristicas anatomo-patologicas, ra- diografi cas, etiologia y patogenia. La osteomielitis cronica es una complicacion de la osteomielitis aguda no tratada, manejada inade- cuadamente o como una reaccion infl amatoria prolongada de bajo grado. Se presentan 4 casos de osteomielitis cronica en el maxilar tratadas entre 2007 y 2009 mediante terapia antimicrobiana preo- peratoriamente con clindamicina 300 mg, IV cada 8 h y ceftriaxona 1 g IV cada 12 h quirurgicamente con hemimaxilectomia subtotal, postoperatoriamente se trata con penicilina G procainica 800,000 UI IM cada 24 hrs. resolviendo satisfactoriamente y sin recidiva actual en todos los casos.


In order to explore the mechanism of water leakage in subway stations, improve water seepage in subway stations, and build a scientific and effective waterproof system, a risk evaluation model of subway station waterproof construction was established on the basis of risk identification and in combination with the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Besides, a subway station project in Zhengzhou was taken as an example to analyze the causes of water seepage in subway stations and summarize the characteristics of water seepage in urban subway stations. Risk evaluation was performed on the waterproof construction system of subway stations and some suggestions on waterproof construction control and plugging were put forward. The results showed that this model can be used to accurately evaluate waterproof construction projects of urban subways and provide a scientific and reasonable research method for the risk assessment of water leakage in urban underground space.


According to a well-known principle of quantum physics, the statistics of the outcomes of any quantum experiment are governed by a Positive Operator-Valued Measure (POVM). In particular, for experiments designed to measure a specific physical quantity, like the time of a particle's first arrival at a surface, this principle establishes that if the probability distribution of that quantity does not arise from a POVM, no such experiment exists. Such is the case with the arrival time distributions proposed by Das and D\"urr [arXiv:1802.07141], due to the nature of their spin dependence.


This paper summarizes the achievements of the TanDEM-X mission with respect to its main mission goal as well as to its secondary mission objectives. While the primary mission goal has been the generation of a new global digital elevation model (DEM) of the Earth's surface with unprecedented accuracy, a variety of secondary objectives have been defined which constitute an important asset of this challenging mission. Based on the bi-static interferometric capabilities of TanDEM-X with up to four phase centers, a number of innovative technological experiments have been carried out and new applications demonstrated paving the way for future multi-static SAR missions with advanced techniques and technologies.


Sleepand caloric restriction as well as physical exertion are common during combat, but the possibility that such operational stressors exert sex-specific effects on corticomotor system function is untested. PURPOSE: To examine corticospinal responses to simulated operational stress in men and women. METHODS: Fifty-two military members (39 men; Age: 26 ± 6yr, Height:174 ± 9cm, Weight: 80 ± 13kg, BF%: 22 ± 7%) completed a corticospinal testing battery on five consecutive days. After familiarization (D0), baseline testing and air-displacement plethysmography were performed on D1. Simulated operational stress was imposed on D2-3, followed by a recovery day (D4). Operational stress consisted of exposure to fatiguing physical exertion, 50% caloric restriction, and sleep restriction/disruption consisting of 2hr segments of sleep separated by 2hr (4hr sleep total). Maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) and vastus lateralis (VL) were performed each day in conjunction with electromyographic (EMG) recordings. Corticospinal excitability was then assessed with stimulus response curves at 15% MVC using transcranial magnetic stimulation and a figure-of-eight (FDI) or double-cone (VL) coil over the motor cortex hotspot. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) were quantified as peak-to-peak EMG amplitudes 15-65ms post-TMS and fitted to a sigmoidal curve (SC) via nonlinear regression. Corticospinal excitability was determined as the maximum of the SC (SCMAX). Mixed-models ANOVAs with Bonferroni-corrections were used to compare MVC force, EMG, and SCMAX between sexes and across time with body fat percentage as a covariate. RESULTS: The FDI and VL presented stereotypic responses, with greater force (adjusted p<0.001, diff: 1011.5 ± 451.0N) but smaller MEPs in the VL (diff: 3.0 ± 2.4mV, adjusted p<0.001). Men produced greater VL MVC than women (adjusted p=0.02, diff: 286.5 ± 843.7N), but SCMAX was similar (p>0.05) at each time point regardless of muscle. CONCLUSION: Despite differences in maximal lower extremity force, corticospinal function in men and women did not differ in response to military operational stress. These findings provide initial evidence for shared neuromuscular resiliency and recovery profiles in men and women exposed to operational stress.


Computer simulations of bypass hemodynamics can provide a valuable insight into the problem of graft failures, considering the close relationship between the hemodynamics and the patency and overall performance of implanted bypass grafts. However, to be able to reliably predict flow changes brought about by implanted bypass grafts, numerical simulations have to be carried out for physiologically-correct boundary conditions. In this regard, the paper demonstrates how various outlet boundary conditions (constant outlet pressure, Windkessel model and lumped parameter coronary model) can affect the quality of computed blood flow and wall shear stress distributions in relevant parts of two patient-specific aorto-coronary bypass models.


The word play that opens Mart. 2.2 depends upon recognizing that each of the three cognomina to which the poet refers is bigger than its predecessor by one letter.


We observe stimulated emission from OLEDS at current densities as low as 20 uA/cm2 in a high Q cavity formed between the Ag cathode and exit surface of the substrate. In this regime, inversion is dependent on Boltzman population of vibrational levels serving as the ground state resulting in spectral dynamics on the time scale of thermalization.


Micro-piles are widely used because of its own advantages, but relatively few theoretical studies about its anti-slide mechanism. Firstly, the mechanical properties of the model pile into calibration tests, to get of elastoplastic session elastic modulus, were 0.69×104MPa and 0.04×104MPa.Through the different pile spacing under a single row of miniature pile reinforcement debris landslide indoor model experiment to study the micro-piles against sliding mechanism. The test results show that: different pile spacing, single row of micro-pile soil pressure mainly concentrated in the range of slip surface more than 1/3 of the pile. The smaller pile spacing, soil arching effect, the greater the micro pile skid failure critical moment, the micro pile can withstand landslide thrust the greater skid the better.


Dry matter accumulation patterns in most grains are sigmoid-type curve. In the first stage of this model is that if growth is slow, then there is a rapid phase after the flowering stage is followed by growth that is in pod formation stage. Studies have shown that leaf area development and dry matter accumulation in most cereal grains, especially cold for a long period after transplantation is very slow. Accordingly, in order to effect the kinds humic acid plant growth and bean seeds under climatic conditions of Ahvaz in the form of a split-plot experimental design with randomized complete block design based on years of farming 2010 was designed and executed. Factor with three bean varieties (V1 = Barekat, V2 = Jazayeri, V3 = Shame) in the main plot factor with four types humic acid (F0 = control, F1 = humic acid, F2 = full macro humic acid, F3 = acid Micro humic full) rate of 2 ppm in the sub-plots were placed. The results showed that the use of acid in all varieties humic increased plant growth parameters such as crop growth rate (CGR), plant height, grain yield, harvest index and biological function has been compared to the control. the highest total dry weight of the acid treatment Humic full macro level was 5909 kg per hectare and the lowest rate to the control was 4332 kg per hectare Effective grain filling period (EFP) The increase in the treatment process itself revealed .Varieties planted in the province and the third type humic acid with a control rate at 2 ppm was placed in sub-plots. The highest and lowest average number of lateral roots in this experiment in order Humic acid treatments and control macro level 241.7 and 136 numbers were obtained. Note that between the number of acid root treatment and between macro and micro humic acid and acid micro Humic significant difference was found. the highest root dry weight to macro Humic acid treatment with a mean 4.22 grams of control treatment and lowest with mean 2.63 has been hot Total root number from 592 to 899 in number in the control humic full macro will increase the number of roots, a positive regression (r = 0.89) with the amount of biological fixation (percentage of nitrogen nodules) showed .[Simin Haghighi, Tayeb Saki Nejad, Shahram Lack. Calculate the growth dynamics of root and shoot of bean plants. Journal of American Science 2011;7(6):19-26]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org.


The utility model relates to a pneumatic angle seat valve, in particular to a differential pneumatic angle seat valve. The differential pneumatic angle seat valve comprises a valve body, a piston, a plastic cylinder barrel, a return spring, an indicator, an actuating cylinder, a transparent observation window, a piston rod and a valve seat; the differential pneumatic angle seat valve adopts the main technical characteristic that a differential movable cylinder and a differential fixed piston are arranged in the valve seat, wherein one end of the differential movable cylinder is connected with the differential fixed piston, and the other end of the differential movable cylinder is connected with a guide head of the valve seat; and a balancing hole B formed on the differential movable cylinder is communicated with a balancing hole A of the guide head. By adopting the differential pneumatic angle seat valve, the flexibility and the air tightness of the valve are both enhanced; and the cylinder diameter of the actuating cylinder is greatly reduced, for example, the cylinder diameter of the valve actuating head with phi 65 is only phi 50, the compressed air consumption is reduced, and the pressure range of the controlled medium is wider.


Simulation tools are state of the art during development processes of inverters. In many cases simulation models have to be manually translated into adequate code for the target DSP or microcontroller. This translation is time consuming and translation faults could cause unexpected results. In this paper a development process for a new and multifunctional PV-inverter is presented that completely bases on simulation models in combination with automatic code generation and rapid control prototyping. Many renewable energy sources such as PV are using inverters as a grid interface. The utilization of PV systems is rather low in northern European countries and could be increased by implementation of additional functionality such as uninterruptible power supply, local power quality improvement or ancillary services. Some of this functionality is of particular interest for the operators of industrial plants. The development of new functionality could efficiently be done by using simulation tools. The implementation process into the target hardware may be accompanied by unexpected results due to restrictions of the controller hardware. This paper presents the development process of a multifunctional PV-inverter based on simulation models, automatic code generation and rapid control prototyping.


Additional Contributions: We thank Angie Eick-Cost, PhD (Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center), for her assistance in compiling the data for this study; and Monica Vladut-Talor, MSc, and Noel R. Rose, MD, PhD (both with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine), and Paul W. Ladenson, MD (Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine), for their contributions to the manuscript. No compensation was received by any of the acknowledged individuals.


Based on the analysis of developing target, function and constitution of research projects system for remote management, the virtual account system is established on 3 layers of B/S mode. The development process of virtual account system is realized by JSP/Servlets development language and MySQL database under windows server 2003 platform. At the same time, network security module of the system has been realized to reduce the influence caused by network security incidents. The system is capable of updating the information of vertical and horizontal projects dynamically and assigning virtual funds on WWW. Also, it realizes the query, statistical analysis function and so on. Practical results show that the system is a successful system for analyzing the various projects index of different departments.


To resolve the problem of long handover delay and high packets loss in MIPv6, an information exchange-based fast handover scheme for Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (IFHMIPv6) was proposed. With information exchange, mobile node foreknows the neighboring relationship among access routers and their related information. After combining FMIPv6 and HMIPv6, the operation in anticipation phase was simplified by adjusting signaling flow of FMIPv6 over HMIPv6. Furthermore, IFHMIPv6 sets a tunnel timer for reserving the tunnel established in the previous network. The results show that IFHMIPv6 can reduce the time of radio access network discovery and candidate access router discovery, the total handover delay and packets loss, and large signaling cost introduced by mobile node's ping-pong movement. The performance of IFHMIPv6 handover is excellent.


Background: Undernutrition is a problem of public health signi�cant in developing countries. This study examined the factors that determine stunting in children in Dodoma Region in Tanzania. Methods: Multistage strati�ed sampling procedure was used to select respondents. Height and weight were measured and nutritional status of children was determined. Stunting, underweight, and wasting in children were de�ned using these criteria, which were compared to WHO norms and standards. Logistic regression models were used to establish relationships between stunting and multiple variables. Results: The overall prevalence of stunting was 33%. Mzula village had the highest prevalence of severely underweight children at 3.6%. There were no signi�cant differences in weight and height among children between villages. Important determinants of stunting in a univariate logistic regression were mother's education, material used to build house, age of the child and distance to water source. In the multivariate analysis distance to water source and mother's education, maternal education, and child's age were found to independently predict stunting. The univariate logistic regression picked the father's education, age of the mother and distance to water source as main determinants of being underweight. Conclusion: The current study stresses the importance of implementing region speci�c and context-relevant treatments to prevent malnutrition in this and other similar contexts in Tanzania.


I will discuss nonlinear interaction between THz light and matter. Especially, I will discuss the nonlinear response of infrared active phonons and superconducting plasmons in High Tc cuprates.


An innovative payment model created as a pilot project by the Affordable Care Act generated more than $384 million in savings for Medicare in its first two years, according to an independent evaluation report conducted by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).


We propose an improved recursive soft sequential estimation (RSSE) algorithm for fast acquisition of pseudonoise (PN) signal in noisy environment. The PN signal is phase modulated m-sequence. The method uses a feedback amplifier and a limiter for reliable acquisition of the m-sequence. Our simulations showed benefits of the algorithm for low signal-noise ratios in terms of acquisition probability and acquisition time. The method allows improve the steady state performance of the RSSE for low signal-noise ratios in particular for long m-sequences.


Thin layer particulate recording media with a nonmagnetic under layer have been developed with double coating techniques, and their high performance have been confirmed. Such media produce a higher output than single and thick layer media because they have a smooth surface resulting from the under layer smoothness and less demagnetization resulting from the thinness of the magnetic layer. The application of Ba-ferrite particles to thin layer media, in addition to metal particles, has clarified the differences between the characteristics of the two media. The output of thin layer metal media has been improved by up to +9dB compared with the value for reference metal media. Thin layer Ba-ferrite media showed lower noise.


Apple(Malus domestica Borkh cv.Fuji)fruit was used as material to study the effect of daubing with 0.5%Ca(NO3)2on Ca concentration and antioxidative capacity of apple fruit peel.The young fruit were daubed with 0.5%Ca(NO3)2 on 30 days after full blossom.The result showed bagging could reduce the Ca concentration of apple peel,MDA content and the SOD、POD activities of bagged apple peel were lower than the control treatment.After removing bag,MDA content and the SOD、POD activities of bagged apple peel were higher than the control treatment.After the treatment of calcium,the Ca concentration of apple fruit peel increased,the SOD、POD activities increased,MDA content reduced.These enhanced the capacity of scavenging superoxide radical,inhibited membrane peroxidation,reduced the damage of environmental stress after removing bag.


General invariants of a geometric mapping of a symmetric affine connection space are obtained in this paper. These invariants are generalizations of the previous obtained basic invariants (see [16]). Moreover, these invariants are related with the Thomas projective parameter and the Weyl projective tensor.


The fissuring of nee dunng intermittent drying was studied through experimental and numencal methods The moisture distnbution inside the nee kernel dunng drying and tempering was obtamed by diffusion model. The moisture gradients were used to analyzethe hydro stresses m the nee kernel during intermittent drying Discontmumg the drying process With tempenng can decrease the hydro stresses in the nee kernel. Decreased unit drying time or increased intermittent ratio caused decrease of the stresses m the rice kernel durmg mtermittent drying Less fissured nee was also observed by discontmumg the drying process in the expenments. HIgher mterrruttent ratio or lower umt drying time caused lower percentage of fissured nee m the expenments


Objective To study the expression of Oct4 gene,an embryonic stem cell marker,in cervical carcinoma cell lines and tissues for the purpose of finding the relationship between this gene and cervical cancer.Methods The expression of Oct4 in normal cervical tissues and cervical carcinoma tissue and cell lines was detected by the immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.Results ① The expression of Oct4 mRNA in cervical carcinomas(73.3%,22/30) was significantly higher(P0.01) than that in normal cervical tissues(25%,3/12);② The rate of Oct4 protein expression in cervical cancer(53.7%,22/41) was higher(P0.01) than that in normal cervical tissues(7.7%,1/13);③ Oct4 protein was expressed in cervical carcinoma cell lines and primary tumorspheres.④ The expression of Oct4 in tumorspheres was down-regulated during cell differentiation.Conclusion Our results imply that Oct4 may be one of the cervical cancer stem cell markers,but this still needs further research data to support.


admiration for a man whose natural inclination was towards the scholar's life, yet who was drawn into the practice of medicine and the mitigation of suffering by his pity for and desire to help poor suffering England. Maybe destiny decided that his unique relation to the sovereign as personal medical attendant and instructor of the royal children, along with an unusual gift for diplomacy and the tactful handling of proud men and their dependants, fitted him for a special role in the progress of medical affairs. At any rate, through such patronage and access to the throne, Linacre and his little band of devoted medical colleagues initiated a revolution in the organization of the profession and sounded a call for higher standards in training and ethics that has constituted the grandeur of the Royal College of Physicians throughout its long history. The fact that he advocated the out-of-date scholastic approach to medicine by his devotion to Galen and the ancient writers, and that he ignored the signals of a new science which had already appeared above the horizon, has its warning for those of us who engage our lives in the detection and prevention of the ravages of disease. We, too, are faced by the tremendous upsurge of science in general and of scientific medicine in particular. The challenge is, I believe, a much more serious one in medicine than in other disciplines, for it is all too easy for the doctor to take refuge in the time-honoured beliefs of the past and rest content with delegating, often with scarcely concealed contempt and patronage, the duty of investigation to a little band of dedicated workers. No one who has come through an illness, least of all myself, will decry the God-given qualities that warm the personality of the born clinician and make him an ever-present help in times of trouble. But these gifts are still menaced by pretence and humbug which is not confined to the ignorant and indolent but threatens the seats of the mighty and successful. We who spend much of our lives in training the oncoming member of our profession must be especially alert to challenge and combat the shoddy and the sham, the facile explanations, the dead-hand of plausible empiricism. Like Linacre, we are standing at the portal of a dazzling, unbounded world of medical science, entry -to which calls for courage, imagination, and the highest qualities that bless the human spirit. May we not be found wanting when the opportunity of playing our part comes our way.


Organophosphorus poisoning is the most common poisoning in India because of its easy availability. Anaesthesiologists may come across rarely to give anaesthesia for emergency life-saving surgeries. Problems while anaesthetising an emergency patient following organophosphorous poisoning are many. Necessary precautions are to be taken while anaesthetising the patient. During anaesthesia many drugs are used which are linked with acetylcholine, cholinesterase and other cardio-vascular effects. INTRODUCTION: Organophosphorus compounds, used as insecticides and agents of chemical warfare, are a major Global cause of health problems. These irreversible inhibitors of cholinesterase produce three wells-recognised clinical entities: the initial cholinergic phase, which is a medical emergency often requiring management in an intensive care unit; the intermediate syndrome, during which prolonged ventilatory care is necessary; and delayed polyneuropathy. In addition, disturbances of body temperature and endocrine function, electrolyte imbalances, immunological dysfunction and disorders of reproduction have been reported. Vocal cord paralysis, pancreatitis, cardiac arrhythmias and a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders are known to follow acute and chronic exposure to organophosphorus compounds. As a result of the inhibition of plasma cholinesterase, there can be increased sensitivity to drugs hydrolysed by this enzyme, e.g. suxamethonium and mivacurium. The inhibition of acetycholinesterase causes dysfunction at the neuromuscular junction which can produce altered responses to non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. Anaesthetists may encounter patients exposed to organophosphorus compounds either following acute poisoning, trauma (warfare) or as patients with a wide range of nonspecific disorders presenting for surgery. CASE REPORT: 22yrs unmarried female has consumed unknown quantity of organophosphorous (chlorpyrifos) compound around 10pm on 17/10/14. She was brought to the hospital by her mother at about 6.40 am on 18/10/14. Patient presented to casualty with symptoms of sweating, salivation, Lacrimation, headache, nausea and vomiting. Patient had 1 episode of vomiting. She was diagnosed outside to have ectopic pregnancy and thus had consumed organophosphorus poison. Patient was conscious, altered sensorium and irritable.


We present solutions to unique problems associated with simultaneously writing FBGs in 4 cores of a multicore fiber used for bend and twist sensing, including exposure conditions, photosensitivity balance, and draw-induced refractive index changes.


A large number of different chemical compounds can be found in the air of densely populated animal production houses. These compounds may influence animal performance and health. Although knowledge of the biological activity of such compounds is limited in these situations, bioassays with animals are expensive, complicated to perform and evaluate. At the same time there is an increasing interest in simple and reliable test methods avoiding the use of laboratory animals. Microbial short-term assays offer many advantages, particularly for screening purposes.

The recently introduced Microtox assay was used to test the toxicity of eight single air contaminants, 13 two-compound mixtures, and some extracts from aerosols and dust from a confined pig fattening house. p-Cresol was the most toxic with an EC50 (15 min) value of 0.015 mM followed by m-cresol (0.074 mM), butyric acid (0.115 mM), dimethylamine (0.156 mM), formaldehyde (0.25 mM), phenol (0.46 mM), butanol (32 mM), and acetone (258 mM). The coefficients of variation for five replicates of these compounds ranged from about 5% (m-cresol) to 24% (dimethylamine).

The two-compound mixtures showed mainly synergistic or antagonistic effects. The investigation of the aerosol extracts showed that increasing aerosol amounts also increase the necessary dilution ratio to reach the EC50 (15 min) value. Futhermore, it was observed that the dust extract can stimulate the growth of Photobacterium phosphoreum (as determined by plate counts) although the bioluminescence is ceased. Apparently the inhibition of the light output of the bacteria is not necessarily accompanied by a loss of viability.


Juvenile delinquency is becoming an emerging and dramatically growing social problem globally that has received wide recognition in recent years. Studies in different countries have indicated that children come to contact with legal issues as delinquents due to various psychological and socioeconomic factors and which are not strange to Ethiopian context. Most of the existing studies in Ethiopia focused to assess nature of treatment and legal frameworks towards delinquent children. Thus, this study revealed contributing factors for children's delinquent behavior in the study area. To explore such factors, then, qualitative research approach with case study research was employed. For the accomplishment of the study nine juvenile delinquents, and three key informants were participated. The relevant data were collected through in-depth interview, key informant interview, and document reviews. The gathered data were transcribed, coded, categorized and themed into meaningful interpretations and analyzed thematically.
The findings of the study revealed that children engaged in delinquent activities due to the influence of their peers, unemployment, immaturity, and low attachment/intimacy to their significant others. Juveniles are influenced to engage in different criminal activity depending on their existing conditions. As juvenile delinquency is becoming more visible and spread out in today's society, due emphasis has to be given to work against these precipitating factors. Key Words: Juvenile Delinquency, Unemployment, Attachment, Inmates


We present a combination of analytical and experimental results that shed some light into the shape of the cost function of the strategy spaces that query optimizers must deal with. These are the space that includes only left-deep trees and the space that includes koth deep and bushy trees. We conclude that the cost functions of both spaces essentially form a "well" but of a distinctly different quality. Based on this result, we discuss how Iterative Improvement, Simulated Annealing, and Two Phase Optimization perform on these spaces. We conclude that the space of both deep and bushy trees is easier to optimize than the space of left-deep trees alone.


Christopher Quartly, in the September 1973 issue of Personnel Journal, emphasized that volunteer organizations have been underestimated and misrepresented as a source of managerial development. Yet volunteer organizations, he stressed, are actually laboratories for leadership!


Just as our dreaming reality is constructed, our waking reality may also be constructed. While our waking reality influences our lives the most, other constructed realities also have impact. Yet, never before has such a large part of the population been so widely affected by another constructed reality beyond dreaming; specifically, our technologically constructed digital reality through video game play. One potential consequence of video game play is breaking the illusion or 'frame' of our dreams as reality through various dream experiences. Many of the world's wisdom traditions believe that waking reality is an illusion, and now this idea is supported by modern digital physics. While being aware of the illusory nature of waking reality is difficult, it may be easier to break the framework of perception or 'wake up' to the true nature of reality in alternative realities, such as digital and dreaming. This chapter will review the evidence collected in the video game and dream laboratory to explore how video game play is breaking the frame within dreaming realities


Increasingly dense urban activity indirectly cause environmental degradation in urban areas, especially in the city of Surabaya. Characteristics of a good urban forest in improving the environmental quality in the city of Surabaya can be seen to from  canopy structure, interception, throughfall, and stemflow. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the urban forest as environmental quality improvement planning in the city of Surabaya in homogeneous and heterogeneous forests for canopy structure, interception, throughfall, and stemflow. This research method uses a simple regression to find the value of determination or R 2 . The results show the identification of the characteristics of the urban forest in the city of Surabaya, is; 1) the structure of the canopy can be seen from the value of the index on the density of the canopy of each tree, tamarind at 0.16, mahogany at 0.13, angsana at 0.07, landi acid at 0.16, and tamarind in heterogeneous forest at 0.16 , 2) interception of rainfall indicated by the R 2 value of 0.92 on a tamarind, mahogany at 0.9, angsana at 0.88, landi acid at 0.979, and 0.936 for the heterogeneous forests, 3) throughfall in homogeneous forest trees tamarind at 4.13 mm, mahogany at       4.45 mm, angsana at 3.14 mm, and landi acid at 2.99 mm, and 4) stemflow in the forest is homogeneous tamarind at 4.35 mm, mahogany at 3.61 mm, angsana at 5.34 mm, landi acid at 2 mm, and heterogeneous forest (tamarind) at  3.35 mm Keywords ; urban forest, canopy structure, interception, throughfall, stemflow


Research has been done about petrophysics of reservoir as an accumulated hydrocarbon. Every rocks have unequal of resistivity, from this resistivity the porosity (ϕ) quantifiable with using Archie equation. Core sample are made for consistency test calculation porosity of logging resistivity data through the measurement of common resistant in artificial core samples with variation of composite. The result measurement resistivity of shaly sands core samples is 1,19 Ωm consist of clean formation to sandstone 1,29 Ωm, shale 2,58 Ωm and fresh water 0,734 Ωm with measurable porosity is 39,38 % (shaly sands), 19,09 % (sandstone), 42,51 % (shale) and formation factor (F) of shaly sands core samples is 1,62 (shaly sands), 1,75 (sandstone), 3,51 (shale) with this results indicated that decrease in formation factor of shaly sands core samples comparable with increase of porosity of shaly sands core samples. So the data can be used to analyze oil deposit on a reservoir having specific characteristics, so as to increase productivity oil ans natural gas.


Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors are FDA-approved for treatment of BRCA mutated metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Prior studies demonstrated benefit of adding oral PARPi veliparib to carboplatin and paclitaxel in BRCA mutation positive patients with MBC. We sought to find the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and schedule of veliparib in combination with carboplatin in patients with advanced breast cancer, either triple negative (TNBC) or hormone receptor (HR) positive, HER2-negative with defective functional Fanconi Anemia (FA) DNA-repair pathway. Patients received escalating doses of veliparib on a 7, 14, or 21-day schedule with carboplatin every 3 weeks. Patients underwent [18]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine (18FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, assessed in a blinded fashion. Forty-four patients (39 TNBC, 5 HR-positive/HER2-negative with a defective FA pathway) received a median of 5 cycles (range 1-36). Observed DLTs were grade (G) 4 thrombocytopenia (N=4), G4 neutropenia (N=1) and G3 akathisia (N=1). Common grade 3-4 toxicities included thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, anemia, and fatigue. Of 43 patients evaluable for response, 18.6% achieved partial response and 48.8% had stable disease. Median progression free survival was 18.3 weeks. RP2D of veliparib was established at 250 mg twice daily on days 1-21 along with carboplatin at AUC 5. Patients with partial response had significant drop in SUVmax of target lesions between baseline and early 18FLT-PET (day 7-21; ptrend=0.006). Continuous dosing of veliparib and every three week carboplatin demonstrated activity and acceptable toxicity. Decrease in SUVmax on 18FLT-PET scan during the first cycle of this therapy can identify patients likely to have a response.The BROCADE studies suggest that patients with BRCA mutation benefit from addition of PARP inhibitor veliparib to carboplatin plus paclitaxel. In this study, we demonstrate that a higher dose of veliparib is tolerable and active in combination with carboplatin alone. With growing interest in imaging-based early response assessment, we demonstrate that decrease in 18FLT-PET SUVmax in the first cycle of therapy is significantly associated with response. Collectively, this study provides clarity on dosing of veliparib with carboplatin in advanced breast cancer while providing additional data on the potential for novel PET imaging modalities in monitoring therapy response.


(ii)Processing Six methods of processing have been evaluated. Autoclaving for 15 min was universally effective. Extrusion was also effective but requires careful monitoring and manipulation of the extrusate. Boiling was successful in removing toxins but creates a product that is difficult to handle. Dry roasting works with high oil content seeds such as soya-bean but not low fat beans. Flaking and pelleting were not efficacious.


The southeastern Central Finland Granitoid Complex (CFGC) consists of various granitic to dioritic igneous intrusions enclosing the NE–SW-oriented Tammijarvi-Makkola-Halttula supracrustal sequence (Fig. 1). Systematic mapping was conducted in the area a century ago (Frosterus 1903), and updated to a wider context by Nironen (2003). An MSc thesis on the Makkola sequence (Ikavalko 1981) and target-scale ore potential studies have been carried out in the area. A systematic mineral potential project was initiated in 2013 by the Geological Survey of Finland to specify the lithological boundaries and the continuations of the geological units in the area between Jyvaskyla, Pieksamaki and Joutsa. The connections of the Tammijarvi, Makkola and Halttula sequences with the Hame and Tampere Belts are especially under evaluation.


In situ environmental high-resolution electron microscopy (in situ EHREM) under different gaseous environments and ex situ HREM have been used to directly probe commercially important vanadyl pyrophosphate ((VO)2P2O7) catalysts used in the oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride. These fundamental studies of catalyst−adsorbate interactions have shown that novel microstructural changes occur in vanadyl pyrophosphate catalysts when the catalyst is reduced, partially oxidized, or exposed to N2 and steam environments for extended periods of 100−300 h for the first time. The microstructural changes of vanadyl pyrophosphates are related to the development of extended misfit glide shear plane defects accommodating nonstoichiometry. The complex characteristics of long-term effects of water vapor and the effect of cation promoters of iron and antimony in vanadyl pyrophosphates are explored to improve our understanding of their effects on the catalysts toward n-butane oxidation. Correlations of microstructural ch...


Feedforward control includes iterative force injection-based feedforward control and model-based feedforward control. Model-based feedforward control enables high performance for nonrepetitive motions in industrial motion systems. In particular, model-based feedforward control with a parameterized input shaping filter and a feedforward controller can effectively implement trajectory tracking tasks without relying on mathematical models of systems. However, the pre-existing model-based feedforward control does not consider the saturation boundary of the system actuator, which may lead to saturation of the feedforward force for actual systems with actuator constraints. Therefore, this article aims to develop a feedforward control method that obtains high tracking performance for nonrepetitive trajectory under actuator constraints. In particular, a parameterized input shaping and feedforward control method based on basis functions is pursued, which is combined with a data-driven iterative optimization approach to cope with nonrepetitive trajectory tracking tasks and actuator constraints. Simulations and experiments on a motion system confirm the optimal trajectory tracking performance under actuator constraints and robustness to nonrepetitive trajectory.


In Quantum Mechanics,the study of harmonic oscillator is very important in theoretic and in practical application.Based on the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator,this article uses three different ways to figure out the eigenvalue of the system in external field.


This study examined the incremental validity of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) as a predictor of academic major choice. Undecided university students were administered the MBTI and Strong Interest Inventory (SII). Their academic major choice was recorded at the end of their fourth semester and categorized as realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, or conventional. We conducted sequential discriminant analyses based on the (a) SII alone and (b) combined use of the SII and MBTI. The SII general occupational theme scales correctly predicted 45.4% of cases, which was significantly better than chance. The hit rate based on the combined use of the SII and MBTI was 48.3%, which was not a significantly higher predictive increment. Implications of these findings for career counselors are discussed.


The article notes that Uzbekistan has created guarantees of gender equality, raised this issue to the level of state policy and achieved success in the field of human rights, increasing the social and political activity of women in our country, protecting their health, supporting their aspirations and initiatives Particular attention was paid to the creation.


The construction of private teaching and research section and the construction of teaching team plays a very important role in the teaching, scientific research, teaching staff construction and personnel training in colleges and universities, they are both different and interrelated, and are easily confused in practice. This paper compares and analyzes the concept and connotation of the construction of teaching staff and teaching team, the practice of promoting the construction of teaching and research section and teaching team in private colleges and universities.


The mechanism of ursolic-acid-induced effects on human erythroleukemia K562 cells was investigated by FCM, comet assay, morphology, immunochemical staining and Western blotting.Results showed that UA inhibited K562 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.Apparent morphological index of apoptosis was observed.Expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated, but Bax expression was enhanced. Activation of Caspase-3 and down-regulation of phosphotyrosine was determined. These results indicated that UA could induce apoptosis in K562 cells in vitro. Up-regulation of Bax, activation of Caspase-3 and inhibition of BCR/ABL activity may contribute to this effects.


Dear Editor, In 1990, Grosshans and Marot were the first to use the term ''blaschkitis'' to describe a relapsing linear inflammatory dermatosis in adults. However, it has been unclear whether blaschkitis and adult onset lichen striatus (LS) are the same or different disease entities. Herein, I argue that they are the same disease entity. I also describe two cases whose features are consistent with those of blaschkitis, namely an adult onset and the presence of multiple lines ⁄bands along Blaschko's lines predominantly on the trunk. However, both cases differed from other reported cases of blaschkitis in that the lesions exhibited prominent ashy pigmentation after healing. They may be cases of a blaschkitis variant that is associated with pigmentation. Various diseases that closely resemble this variant have been reported and I suggest here that these diseases should be united as blaschkitis variants. In case 1, a 33-year-old Japanese man noticed a linear arrangement of dark blue-brown pigmented macules on the left side of his lumbar region 3 months before seeking medical attention (Fig. 1a). Linear lesions then gradually appeared on the left side of the patient's back. The lesions were asymptomatic. A physical examination revealed multiple bands that consisted of pinhead-sized pale-pink papules and ashy macules that were restricted to the left side of the back (Fig. 1a). All of the lesions subsided during the 6-month observation period. Some of the lesions healed with ashy pigmentation. Topical 0.1% tacrolimus ointment applied once daily effectively treated the fresh erythematous or papulous lesions. The pigmentation on the lumbar and hip regions did not change over time. In case 2, a 27-year-old Japanese man presented with a 6-month history of linear lesions and dark-blue pigmentation on the left side of his back. Some of the lesions were mildly itchy. A physical examination revealed ashy pigmentation on


Buildings are being demolished around year. This creates a lot of demolishing waste, which is then processed further by companies specialized, for example, crushing concrete. This crushed waste includes concrete crush and several other materials. The problem is that a lot of this concrete crush as well as other demolishing waste ends up in landfills in many countries like Finland. It can be, however, recycled or reused: some usages of the concrete crush are already suggested and tested. In this paper, we study some aspect of usability of concrete crush for thermal heat storages. These thermal heat storages can be used with renewable and non-renewable heat sources. They are also identified as an important factor to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions: for example, renewable heat can be collected and stored in the summer, and used from the storage in the winter time. Since the natural storages like aquafers might be not available or they are protected, artificial storages need to be constructed and used. Thus, using concrete crush for heat storages would help in recycling the demolishing waste as well as combat climate change.


A system and method for customizing and delivering telephony greetings to a recipient is described. The system and method enable a customized voice greeting to be pre-selected and delivered to a recipient at a pre-scheduled time. The system enables a user to schedule personalized voice greetings for future delivery by telephone, cellular phone, or over the Internet, to one or more recipients. The system may be used by business clients to deliver information or greetings to clients or other businesses using an automated system, thereby reducing administrative time in making calls personally.


Centrality is an important measure to identify the most important actors in a network. This paper discusses the various Centrality Measures used in Social Network Analysis. These measures are tested on complex real-world social network data sets such as Video Sharing Networks, Social Interaction Network and Co-Authorship Networks to examine their effects on them. We carry out the correlation analysis of these centralities and plot the results to recommend when to use those centrality measures. Additionally, we introduce a new centrality measure — Cohesion Centrality based on the cohesiveness of a graph, develop its sequential algorithm and further devise a parallel algorithm to implement it.


In this paper author presents the methods that can be used for estimating the safety of shipping (navigational risk) in the restricted sea areas of the Gulf of Gdańsk by means of a three-dimensional model of ship's domain specified for the PS Class container vessels 'Emma Maersk'. The essence of the method suggested in the thesis is the systematic approach to a sea vessel


The UC Berkeley Environmental Digital Library Project is one of six university led projects that were initiated in the fall of 1994 as part of a four year digital library initiative sponsored by the NSF, NASA and ARPA. The Berkeley project is particularly interesting from an image processing perspective because its testbed collection consists almost entirely of scanned materials. As a result, the Berkeley project is making extensive use of document recognition and other image analysis technology to provide content based access to the collection. The Document Image Decoding (DID) group at Xerox PARC is a member of the Berkeley team and is investigating the application of DID techniques to providing high quality (accurate and properly structured) transcriptions of scanned documents. The paper briefly describes the Berkeley project, discusses some of its recognition requirements and presents an example of an advanced structured document created using DID technology.


Under the background of the severe international online counter-terrorism struggle, in order to better understand the current situation and learn experience, this paper elaborates the US Dark Web project, which is about online counter-terrorism intelligence research. The paper reviews construction and research of American Dark Web project from the perspective of project background, system architecture, system functions, and system outputs. It introduces the design idea of Dark Web with multiple functions. The portal of the Dark Web integrates the data collected by different international Jihad online forums and provides important analysis and predictive functions. It is a typical representative of the collection and analysis of Web open-source information and provides a useful reference for the research and practice of the online counter-terrorism in China.


Taken from the September 2001 conference in Pasadena, California, these 51 papers reflect the current state of heavy flavor physics. Bringing particular attention to the measurement and understanding of the CKM matrix elements and critiques of the Standard Theory, they discuss CP violation, B physic


Rhizome structure was observed in most rhizomatous genera of the Iridaceae to determine its taxonomic applications within the family and to determine the evolution of the secondary thickening meristem (STM) within the group. An STM occurs in all species of Patersonia examined, similar to that described in Nivenia, Witsenia, and Klattia, but in no other genera of Iridaceae. Most genera have a primary thickening meristem (PTM) near the stem apex, which produces some primary stem vasculature, adventitious roots, and in some species, notably in Orthrosanthus chimboracensis, an extensive pericyclic vascular plexus. The results show that the two subtribes Aristeineae and Sisyrinchiineae are closely allied, and the STM may have evolved from a more extensive PTM or may be retained as a primitive character.


VI. THE POSITION OF HYPNOTISM IN THERAPEUTICS. Evidence of Charcot and Babinski.-Its Medical Uses Limited to Manifest2tions of Ifysteria.-Its Frequent Failures even in that Domain.Valueless in the Treatment of Mental Disease (Magnan, Forel, Briand).-Hypnotism before the Courts qfLawv. Inapplicxble to Sur;qeryj or Obstetrics.-Essential Identity of Faith-Cares and Hypnotic Cures.-Summary.-The Relative Success of the FaithCures of the Laboratory, the Chapel, and the Grotto. THE final question of the clinical physician and the medical practitioner is the practical demand for the definition of the position of hypnotism in its relation to therapeutics. I may, I think, take it as proved beyond all reasonable doubt that the hypnotic condition is a real and admitted clinical fact. Setting aside all the impostures, follies, and errors which have gathered around it: brushing away the fantastic halo of elairvoyance, telepathic visional communication, t ansferenee .,of thought or sensation across space, or by contactand externalisation of sensation, as pure fallacies, fancies, or fraudswe have still beneath them the. solid basis of the subjective condition of artificially induced sleep and heightened suggestibility. What use, if any, can be made of the power of suggestionuuder these circumstances as a curative agent ? In reply to this question I will adduce chiefly the evidence of Dr. Luys, Dr. Charcot, Dr. Babinski, and M. -Ballet, analysing the results of long years of clinical experiment on a vast number of subjects in Paris and in Nancy. M. Babinski discusses the subject very carefually in a lecture -which he gave at the Salpttrihre on June 23rd, 1891.1 He opens his lecture very frankly with the statement following: "At the Salpktri6re, without at all objecting to hypnotism as -a weapon of the therapeutic arsenal, it is considered that its indications are limited, and that this mode of cure can hardly be applied with success except in hysteria." " In any case it may," he considers, " be affirmed (page 23) that the greater .part of the effects which have been cured by this method arise from and belong to that neurosis." "Hypnotism," he further says, " may, it must be admitted, serve in the treatment of hysterical manifestation", but it must be acknowledged also that even in affectiorns of this class hypnotic practice does not give brilliant results." He groups hysterics from the therapeutic point of view into two distinct classes. To the first belong the great number of hysterical persons who are not capable of being hypnotised .however much trouble is taken with them. Some of these patients are no doubt subject to the very old-fashioned influence of suggestion in the waking state. Such people have always been susceptible to cure by bread pills and distilled water and by the " rapid " influence of electrotherapy, hydro-therapy, etc. In the second class are the hysterics, persons who can be hypnotised, and these present numerous varieties. fSome of them, especially those subject to hysterical neuralgia and cutaneous hyperivsthesia, are very rebellious to sugges,tion, and in others only a partial and very inadequate result is obtained. In some cases of hysterical contraction of the limbs suggestion gives relief, but it has to be renewed from day to day, sometimes five or six times a day, and is very liable to relapse. In a very few cases a gradual and definite smelioration is obtained, as in a case of hysterical muscular -eontraction and coxalgia of which Dr. Babinski is able to quote one case. " Finally," he asks himself after many years of study and experience as chef de clinique des maladies nerveuses and as hospital physician, who has constantly observed the cases at the Salp triere, " does the field of action of hypnotism pass beyond the domain of hysteria ?" His final conclusion, which he italicises at the close of his address, is that it is justifiable to say, and he is authorised to conclude, that outside of hysteria there does not exist a single affection capable of being notably modified by hypnotism, or at least that the contrary is not proved, for the observations pub-


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Subcortical stimulation (SCS) is the gold standard neuromonitoring technique for intraoperative identification of descending white matter tracts. Dynamic SCS confers several advantages over more commonly used static devices; however, current commercially available devices for dynamic SCS have not been widely adopted. METHODS: We fashioned a dynamic SCS device using a stainless-steel suction and commonly available materials and assessed its efficacy in a series of 14 patients with brain tumors. The device was used to provide continuous SCS during tumor resection. Preoperative and postoperative motor function were characterized, and preoperative and postoperative imaging were analyzed to determine extent of tumor resection and proximity to motor-eloquent structures. Inferential statistics were used to correlate study parameters. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (12 male and 2 female, median age 52.5 years) were analyzed. The lowest intraoperative SCS intensities were 10 to 15 mA (3 surgeries), 5 to 10 mA (4 surgeries), and <5 mA (2 surgeries). SCS with this device did not elicit motor evoked potentials in 5 surgeries because of distance from the corticospinal tract (CST) and served as negative controls. Three patients (21.4%) experienced new postoperative motor deficits immediately after surgery that resolved by discharge. We observed no instances of mechanical CST injury resulting in permanent postoperative motor deficits using this technique and no correlation between lower SCS intensity and the presence of new motor impairments after surgery. No patient experienced an intraoperative seizure. CONCLUSION: The novel dynamic SCS device is easily adoptable and allows accurate intraoperative identification of the CST, facilitating safe resection of tumors near motor-eloquent structures.


The authors started a study to reduce the cases of injury suffered by passengers at train collision. We are taking an ergonomic approach to anticipate passengers' movement at the time of collision, propose some damage reduction measures and evaluate their effectiveness. This paper describes the current state of our activities including accident investigation, computer simulation and basic experiments.


The work presented in this thesis is based on a growing interest in new technology and new business models in forestry that will contribute to increased revenue and greater acceptance for forest ut ...


The purpose of this Article is to contribute to provide a historical account of the evolution of labor law in three countries: India, Indonesia, and China.' Our founding question is how do we understand, or how do we explain, the evolution of labor law in these countries, and what does this understanding add to the present discourse?
In particular, what do our studies tell us about the prominent issue of "legal origins" (i.e., the extent to which the labor market systems in India, Indonesia, and China have been characterized by the regulatory style of the systems from which their labor laws were initially drawn); and the extent to which the labor law systems of those countries been shaped under the influence of international pressures?


Sparteine, the alkaloid of Cytisus scoparius and Spartium scoparium, has been used from olden times as a cardiotonic diuretic but since its effect is not reliable, it is hardly used in the present day for this purpose. Later, this alkaloid was found to have an uterus contracting action1) and has been used widely for this objective since the second World War. Sparteine preparation is mild and has a good uterus contracting action, and is devoid of various side effects that are usual in ergot and posterior pituitary preparations, such as convulsion, slackening of the uterus after use, sickness, and vomiting. Such a fact indicates that the mode of action of this alkaloid is different from that of other


Abstract In this article, an analytical model is developed for the magnetic field calculation of the vernier machine with a normal or an eccentric rotor. The electromagnetic performance considering the armature reaction can be taken into consideration and calculated since the magnetic vector potential is adopted. In the analytical model, the whole working domain is divided into several subdomains, and the partial differential equations of the magnetic field can be built in all subdomains. The magnetic vector potential expressions can be obtained in all subdomains through applying boundary conditions to general solutions. The perturbation method is used to describe the rotor eccentricity. The effect of static or dynamic eccentricity on the flux density, flux linkage, cogging torque, electromagnetic torque, unbalanced magnetic pull, and winding inductances is calculated and validated by the finite-element method.


When Dr. Davis asked if I could briefly address the group on this topic, I told him this would be a pleasure since I was involved in the leafy spurge effort from the beginning. Our lead-off speaker, Dr. Russell Lorenz, who was instrumental in getting the leafy spurge program off and running, presented an excellent historical perspective. He pointed out that much has been accomplished in the past 8 years since the first leafy spurge symposium was held in June 1979 in Bismarck, ND, and the follow-up Northern Regional Conference which met in Billings, Montana, in December of that same year. The need for good communication was greatly enhanced with the formation of the GPC-14 Committee in 1980; this group has been very effective and productive.


In this work a method to enhance and measure weak magnetic fields using a field focusing device, made of a highly permeable material combined with an ordinary magnetic field sensor, is analyzed. The advantage of such a device is then gauged in the context of long distance measurement with permanent magnets. The work is supported by FEM simulations and the results are confirmed in a high precision experiment, featuring a robot manipulator combined with a sophisticated sensor readout suit. The main targets of the simulations are to identify optimal geometries, dimensions and materials for focusing the magnetic fields at a sensing point, while the main targets of the experimental part are to test the proposed concept, to validate the simulations and to perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the performance of the field focusing device.


As an important reference of reservoir regulation, more and more attention has been paid to the numeric precipitation forecast. Due to the uncertainty of meteorological prediction, reservoir regulation based on precipitation forecasts may lead to flood control risks. Therefore, the reliability of precipitation forecasts is crucial to the formulation of reservoir regulation strategy based on it. In this paper, a reliability assessment model for a continuous precipitation forecast is proposed based on the first-passage problem and fuzzy mathematics. The uncertainty of precipitation forecast is described by the generalized Bayesian model, and the fuzzy reliability of a continuous precipitation forecast can be obtained by the first-passage fuzzy probability model (FFPM). Due to the importance of a no-rain period in flood resource utilization, the no-rain forecasts from four different forecast centers in the Meishan basin are used as an example. The results show that the fuzzy mathematics is helpful in describing the uncertainty of the boundary for the no-rain set, and the fuzzy reliability of the no-rain forecast is affected by the selection of the range for the no-rain forecast, while the influence of the membership function is limited. Furthermore, due to the downward trend of fuzzy reliability as the lead time increases, there is a contradiction between excess water storage of the reservoir and the fuzzy reliability of the no-rain forecast. A longer continuous no-rain period means more excess water storage, but it also faces lower reliability. In actual reservoir regulation, the results of FFPM can be combined with more information to formulate better strategies for reservoir regulation.


Stimulation of B cells by clustering their surface immunogobulins (sIg) leads to enhanced phosphorylation of several cellular proteins on Ser and Tyr residues. The ype II Fcy receptor (FcyRH) is one of those proteins that undergo Ser phosphorylation. Upon affinity isolation of the FcyRll, several molecular entities are coisolated from Triton X-100 lysates of BL41 Burkitt lymphoma line which undergo "in vitro" (cel free) phosphorylation in the immune complex-associated kinase assay. Furthermore, several molecules phosphorylated on Tyr upon sIgM cross-l nldn in the intact cells are coisolated with FcyRHI. The 59-kDa coprecipitated component is identified as the protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK) fyn. Clustering the sIgM molecules enhanced the in vitro phosphorylation of all molecules coprecipitated with FcyRll as well as that of the exogenously added PTK substrate, enolase. Kinase renaturation assays suggest that at least two major renaturable protein kinases (59 kDa and 85-90 kDa) asiate with FcyRII. Whereas the 59-kDa component comigrates with the PTK fyn, the 85to 90-kDa one is an unidentified Ser/Thr kinase. These data s t that FcyRII exists in the B-ceNl membrane as part of a multimolecular complex including protein kinases, activities of which are regulated by clustering of the antigen receptors. The type II Fcyreceptor (FcyRII) is involved in the regulation of B-cell response by producing a negative signal for antibody production upon cross-linking the FcyRII and surface immunoglobulins (sIg). This apparently uncouples the antigen receptors from GTP-dependent signal transduction (1-3). When human (4) or murine B cells (5) are activated by F(ab')2 fragments of anti-IgM or by phorbol ester, Ser phosphorylation of the Fc'yRII is induced. Activation ofhuman B cells by a brief treatment with either of the above reagents has also been shown to cause a reduction in ligand binding capacity of the FcyRII (6). We have suggested that this could be the result of a decreased binding affinity, probably induced by FcyRII phosphorylation, and raised the question ofthe identity of the responsible kinase(s). Since the FcyRII has no intrinsic kinase domain, this activity has to reside in kinases that associate with the receptor. We have therefore investigated the possible association of protein kinases involved in B-cell activation with the FcyRII. The results demonstrate that two distinct protein kinases, the 59-kDa protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK) fyn and a yet unidentified Ser/Thr kinase, indeed are associated with FcyRII of B cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reagents. Reagents and sources are as follows: polyclonal antibodies specific for the PTK fyn, Y. Kawakami (La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA) (7); lck-specific polyclonal antibodies, A. Dunn (Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne, Australia); human IgMspecific antibodies were raised in rabbits and the F(ab')2 fraction was purified from the hyperimmune serum (8); normal mouse IgM standard, Southern Biotechnology Associates; monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the invariant chain of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen, I. Ando (Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary) (9) and MHC class Il-specific mAb, M1D3 clone, Sera-Lab (Crawley Down, Sussex, U.K.); phosphotyrosine-specific mAb, Sigma; CD69 mAb, Dianova (Hamburg, F.R.G.); mAb (IgM class) specific for the human FcyRII (19B5) was raised in our laboratory by immunization with the Fcy-binding membrane glycoprotein fraction of chronic leukemia B cells (10); human FcyRII-specific mAb KB61 (11) (IgG1 class), D. Mason (University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford); tyrphostin AG 126, A. Levitzki (Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University ofJerusalem, Jerusalem); enhanced chemiluminescence detection (ECL) system and the [y-32P]ATP, Amersham; Affi-Gel 10 beads, Bio-Rad; protein G coupled to Sepharose 4B matrix, enolase, and the peroxidase-conjugated mouse or rabbit IgG-specific antibodies, Sigma. Cells. B cells were purified from human tonsils (4). The BL41 cell line originates from Epstein-Barr virus negative Burkitt lymphoma and have a resting phenotype (12). Cell Stimulation, Lysis, and Immunoprecipitation. Resting BL41 cells were activated by the F(ab' )2 fragments (400 pg per 107 cells per ml) of rabbit antibodies specific for human IgM in serum-free RPMI 1640 medium containing, in some experiments, 30 tLM phenylarsine oxide (PhAsO). The cells were sedimented by centrifugation for 10 sec and frozen in liquid N2. Cells (1-5 x 107) were lysed in 1 ml of buffer containing 1% Triton X-100, 50 mM Hepes, 100 mM NaF, 10 mM EDTA, 2 mM sodium orthovanadate, 10%o glycerol, 10 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 10 pg of aprotinin per ml, 5 pg of leupeptine per ml, and 0.2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. After 60 min of incubation on ice, cell lysates were centrifuged at 15,000 x g for 30 min, and the supernatants were used in the subsequent procedures. Immunoabsorption was carried out as described (4). Kinase Activity Assay. The affinity matrix bound proteins were incubated at 300C for 10 min in 50 pl of assay buffer (100 mM NaCl/20mM Hepes, pH 7.5, containing 5 mM MnCl2, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 AM ATP, and 10-20 pCi of [y-32P]ATP (4500 Ci/mmol; 1 Ci = 37 GBq) (13). In some experiments kinase activity was assayed in the presence of unlabeled ATP. The reaction was stopped by adding 5x concentrated reducing SDS/PAGE sample buffer and the bound components were eluted by boiling for 5 min. Phosphorylation of the external Abbreviations: FcyyRIl, type II receptor for the Fc domains of IgG; sIg, surface immunoglobulin(s); mAb, monoclonal antibody; PTK, protein-tyrosine kinase; APT, anti-phosphotyrosine; PhAsO, phenylarsine oxide; BSA, bovine serum albumin; PVDF, poly(vinylidene difluoride); ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; H, heavy; L, light. 4140 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 4141 substrate, enolase, was assayed by the procedure ofCooper et al. (14). SDS/PAGE and Immunoblot Analysis. SDS/PAGE was performed according to Laemmli (15). The separated proteins were transferred electrophoretically onto poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) membrane and exposed for autoradiography. For Western blotting the electrophoretically transferred proteins were probed either with the anti-phosphotyrosine (APT) mAb or with rabbit antibodies specific for the p59 fyn and p56 Ick PTKs, respectively. The blots were developed using peroxidase-labeled, affinity-purified, and species-specific IgG followed by ECL detection. Cell Surface lodinatlon. B cells were labeled with Na125I using the lactoperoxidase method (16). The washed cells were lysed and immunoprecipitates from the lysates were analyzed by SDS/PAGE. Kinase Renaturation Assay. The procedure was carried out as described (17). Samples of cell lysates or FcyRII immunoprecipitates were exposed to SDS/PAGE, transferred onto PVDF membrane, and incubated for 1 hr in a buffer (pH 8.3) containing 7 M guanidine hydrochloride, 50 mM Tris, 50 mM dithiothreitol, and 2 mM EDTA. Proteins on the blots were allowed to renature in 100mM NaCl/50mM Tris/2mM dithiothreitol/2 mM EDTA/1% bovine serum albumin (BSA)/0.1% Nonidet P-40, pH 7.5, overnight at 4°C. Membranes were then treated with 5% BSA in 30mM Tris (pH 7.5) for 1 hr and then incubated in 30 mM Tris/10 mM MgCl2/2 mM MnCl2, pH 7.5, plus 50 Ci of [y-32PJATP per ml at room temperature for 30 min. After extensive washing in 30 mM Tris, a 10-min treatment in 1 M KOH, and repeated rinsing, the blots were dried and exposed to autoradiography. Relmmunoabsorption on Phosphotyrosine-Specific Antibody-Coated Agarose Beads. After performing the kinase assay, the FcyRII containing immune complexes were eluted from the affinity matrix by boiling for 5 min in 50 gl of 3x concentrated SDS/PAGE sample buffer. The eluates were then diluted in 1 ml of lysis buffer containing 1% Triton X-100 and exposed to a second absorption cycle by using agarose beads coated with APT. The samples were treated further as described above. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In Vitro Phosphorylation of FcyRll-Associated Proteins. Activation of nonreceptor PTKs and Tyr phosphorylation of A B several cellular proteins is considered to be one ofthe earliest events induced in the sIg-mediated signal transduction cascade (18-24). In our previous experiments several B-cell components, phosphorylation of which increased upon cell activation, were found to coisolate with FcyRII (4). We suggested that some of these correspond to protein kinases that might induce phosphorylation of the Fc'yRII and associated molecules. Fc'yRII were isolated on mAb (19B5)-coated Affi-Gel 10 beads. Two specific bands with apparent molecular masses of 43 and 36 kDa were precipitated by mAb 19B5 from the lysates of surface-iodinated B cells (Fig. 1A, lane 2); control mAb (specific for human IgGl) showed no binding (lane 1). Immunoprecipitation with another FcyRII-specific mAb, KB61, or with Fcy fragment-coated beads resulted in the observation oftwo similar bands (data not shown), suggesting that these correspond to the different isoforms of FcyRII. Kinase activity assays showed in vitro phosphorylation of several molecules eluted from the FcyRII immunoprecipitates (Fig. 1B, lane 1). The most intensely labeled components have apparent masses of 106, 64, 55-60, and 36-40 kDa. The 36to 40-kDa components probably correspond to the specific bands detected in immunoprecipitates of surfaceiodinated B cells and may represent phosphorylated forms of FcyRII. Although beads coated with human Fcy fragments yielded identical results (data not shown), control


Primary explants of chick embryo intestine, cultivated in embryo extract for eight days, lost more than half of their cholinesterase activity on a weight basis, although the cells grew and multiplied well.

Addition of acetylcholine to the medium eliminated this loss of relative enzyme activity.

Cultivation in a synthetic medium, where no increase in protein occurred, resulted in a similar loss of enzyme activity. This loss could again be eliminated by the addition of acetylcholine to the medium.

In all cases the enzyme was predominantly the acetylcholinesterase. It was shown that the criteria for enzyme induction apply to these phenomena. Some considerations adding to the interest of these studies are discussed.


The authors introduce a new, more efficient algorithm, the word-dependent N-best algorithm, for finding multiple sentence hypotheses. The proposed algorithm is based on the assumption that the beginning time of a word depends only on the preceding word. The authors compare this algorithm with two other algorithms for finding the N-best hypotheses: the exact sentence-dependent method and a computationally efficient lattice N-best method. Although the word-dependent algorithm is computationally much less expensive than the exact algorithm, it appears to result in the same accuracy. The lattice method, which is still more efficient, has a significantly higher error rate. It is demonstrated that algorithms that use Viterbi scoring have significantly higher error rates than those that use total likelihood scoring.<<ETX>>


In naturally raised embryos of Asterina minor, the changes of internal structure during the wrinkled blastula stage were followed. Eight hours after spawning, blastomeres on the surface of the coeloblastula drop into the blastocoel and eventually form multiple invaginations of the blastodermal layer. Four and a half hours after the commencement of wrinkling, the blastocoel appears to be filled by the developed invaginations. The invaginations then decrease in number and complexity, and 11.5 hr thereafter the wrinkled blastula stage ends, although gastrulation takes place before the complete disappearance of the wrinkle‐invaginations.


The specific heat of dilute alloys of the type palladium‐cobalt has been measured in the temperature range from 1.2 to 30 K in external magnetic fields up to 30 kOe. Due to a high accuracy detailed results have been obtained. The excess specific heat appears to be strongly affected by magnetic fields. A comparison between palladium and platinum alloys reflects the smaller exchange enhancement in platinum. Preliminary results on dilute alloys of manganese in palladium show a striking difference between this element and cobalt and iron, when dissolved in palladium.


1. The magnetic positioning system for use in an inductive power supply system for the contactless transmission of energy from the inductive power supply to a remote device using an electromagnetic field, the magnetic positioning system comprising: composite magnet located in the electromagnetic field and the composite magnet located in at least one of the inductive power supply and remote device; ! wherein the composite magnet provides magnetic force for alignment of the inductive power supply and remote device; and composite magnet limits heat generated in the composite electromagnetic field magnet. ! 2. The magnetic positioning system of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an additional magnet located in at least one of the inductive power supply and remote device, additional magnet location different from the location of the composite magnet. ! 3. The magnetic positioning system of claim 1, wherein the iron further comprises a member disposed in at least one of the inductive power supply and remote device, the location of the iron element is different from the location of the composite magnet. ! 4. The magnetic positioning system of claim 1, wherein the composite magnet comprises at least one composite neodymium and samarium-cobalt composite. ! 5. The magnetic positioning system of claim 1, wherein the composite magnet is glued together with a binder. ! 6. The magnetic system pozitsionirova


T he unemployment rate is perhaps the most common measure of slack in the labor market, but is only one of many such indicators. In a recent press conference, Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen cited nine different indicators to argue that considerable slack remains in the labor market and to justify continued Federal Reserve stimulus. Quantifying the magnitude of the slack in the economy (idle resources, including labor) can be a challenge, which is why economists use a wide range of economic indicators for the task. These measures include the traditional notion of the output gap, capacity utilization, and various definitions of unemployment (i.e., short-term or cyclical). Each of these measures is generally reported as a percentage above or below the economy's full capacity—that is, its "potential" or "target" level of activity. A very simple alternative measure of slack in the labor market is aggregate nonfarm payroll hours worked as reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. This measure reports hours worked at the aggregate level and in different sectors of the economy, allowing for comparison of performance across sectors and time periods. For example, if a firm needs 40 hours' worth of labor input to complete a task, it can use multiple combinations of workers to supply those hours. This measure captures changes in the desired total number of hours, but not how the firm allocated its resources to accomplish the task.


Performance of pulse tyne gas-discharge counters is analyzed, and formulas are developed for selecting the most efficient counter parameters. It is shown that automatic regulation of pulse feeding frequencies produced linear load characteristics for a wide range. (R.V.J.)


The invention discloses a microwave imaging technology-based dangerous article active detection method. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of transmitting a continuous wave signal and generating a transmission reference signal; receiving a target echo signal and the transmission reference signal; generating difference frequency signals at different time; converting the difference frequency signals into digital signals; finishing imaging; uploading images. The invention also discloses a microwave imaging technology-based dangerous article active detection device. The method and the device can directly irradiate a human body and carry out imaging on the detected man; if a dangerous article is found, whether the article is the dangerous article or not can be precisely judged, and the recognition rate is greatly improved; due to the adoption of the way that frequency mixing is performed before gating, the pressure of a gating switch is greatly reduced, the cost can be greatly reduced, and the method and the device have feasibility.


A mathematical model of fringe capacitance for a nano-based proximity sensor, which takes the presence of different resistivities into account, is developed. An analytical solution obtained for a rectangular-shape sensor with applying of Gauss, Conversation of Charge and Ohm laws into Laplace's equation <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\nabla ^{2}V\left ({x,y,z,t }\right)=0$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gives the electric potential distribution by which the fringe capacitance in a 2D domain area can be calculated. The calculated capacitance evidently decreases drastically due to the fringe phenomena while object moves toward the polymeric sensor. The model also asserts that the change of capacitance is under a noticeable influence of sensor resistivity, particularly in the range of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{5} \Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>.m, the initial capacitance varies from 0.045pF to 0.024 pF. The fabricated flexible nanocomposite sensors, Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) reinforced by 1wt.% Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) having resistivity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{5} \Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>.m, are capable of detecting presence of an external object in a wide range of distance and indicating remarkable correlation with the mathematical solution. Our proximity sensor fabrication is straightforward and relatively simple. An unprecedented detection range of measurement reveals promising ability of this proximity sensor in applications of motion analysis and healthcare systems.