In the paper "Structure-driven Multiple Constraint Acquisition", presented at CP-2019, we detected two important drawbacks of multiple constraint acquisition, and proposed two techniques (integrated into a new algorithm) to overcome them. Specifically, we proposed a constraint acquisition algorithm that exploits the structure of the learned constraint network to focus the interactive learning process on more promising points of the problem, while it avoids searching exhaustively to learn all the constraints from the generated example, taking a more simple approach. In this paper we recall some details about the development of the new algorithm. 1 Background on Constraint Acquisition The basic assumption in CP is that the user models the problem and a solver is then used to solve it. However, modeling is considered as a major bottleneck in the wider use of constraint technology [1–3], as it requires considerable expertise in CP. To overcome this obstacle, several techniques have been proposed [4–9]. State-of-the-art interactive constraint acquisition systems such as QuAcq [10] and MultiAcq [11] can assist non-expert users in the modelling task. The main idea is that a series of examples/queries is posted to the user, and the model of the target constraint problem is acquired (i.e. learned) based on the answers of the user. In more detail, the system tries to identify if a constraint belongs to the target network by generating a variable assignment that violates it. Then, this assignment is posted to the user asking whether the assignment is a solution to the problem or not, and based on the answer of the user, the constraint can either be added to the learned network or removed from the candidate constraints. QuAcq learns one constraint from each generated query, while MultiAcq learns all the constraints that can possibly be learned. However, MultiAcq needs a linear number of queries to find the scope of each constraint, while QuAcq has a logarithmic complexity in terms of the number of queries. Despite the progress being made in constraint acquisition, there are still important challenges to be faced regarding the applicability of the existing methods and their computational cost. MQuAcq [12] is an algorithm for active constraint acquisition that has been shown to outperform previous algorithms such as QuAcq and MultiAcq. It combines the strengths of QuAcq and MultiAcq and outperforms both of them, as it requires a logarithmic number of queries to locate the scope of each violated constraint, and discovers all the violated constraints from a negative example. This is done via a recursive process, by removing one variable from the scope of each constraint learned, until it finds a query that does not violate any constraint already found. In our CP-2019 paper "Structure-driven Multiple Constraint Acquisition" we displayed two important drawbacks of MQuAcq [13]. First, for each negative example, the number of recursive calls to the main procedure of MQuAcq can be non-linear, making it impractical in terms of cpu time for large problems. Second, MQuAcq, as well as QuAcq and MultiAcq, does not take into account the structure of the learned problem. In the next section we recall how we discovered these flaws of MQuAcq and developed the new algorithm. 2 Developing "Structure-driven Multiple Constraint Acquisition" Although it is not always easy to pinpoint when and how the ideas forming the basis of a paper came about, we can safely say that our paper was developed as the result of the combination of three factors: 1. A natural evolution of the work on MQuAcq presented at CP-2018. 2. Interaction with fellow researchers during CP-2018. 3. Questions arising through unexpected experimental results. Regarding the first of the above, exploiting the structure of the problem that is being acquired to better focus the generated queries seemed like a natural step to take while trying to improve the performance of MQuAcq. So this was a goal that was set after our work on MQuAcq was completed. Regarding the second factor, after the presentation of our paper on MQuAcq at CP-2018 by Dimosthenis Tsouros, among the questions posted to him, one fellow researcher inquired about the possibility of exploiting structure during the acquisition process, while another asked whether the time complexity of MQuAcq had been specified. The first question helped to confirm our intuition about the importance of problem structure, which was the basis of one of the two main contributions of our CP-2019 paper. The second question was discussed between us after CP-2018 but was rather cast aside to focus on other things as it did not seem very important to us at that time. However, the importance of MQuAcq's (then unknown) time complexity emerged as a serious issue some months later when, out of scientific curiosity, we decided to test the existing constraint acquisition algorithms on larger problems than the ones considered in the literature. Unexpectedly to us, experimental results on large problems (like 16×16 Sudoku) showed that MQuAcq, which was considerably faster than its predecessor QuAcq on smaller problems, was now quite slower. This forced us to revisit the question about MQuAcq's complexity. We found that the number of iterations performed by the algorithm's main procedure to find all the violated constraints from a negative example was non-linear in the worst case, and this seriously affects its run time as the size of the problems grows. Based on these, we developed MQuAcq-2, an algorithm that instead of finding all the violated constraints from each negative example, it tries to focus on the most promising parts derived from the structure of the learned network. To avoid the non-linear time-complexity of MQuAcq, we used a "lazy" approach by removing the entire scope of each learned constraint from the next query, so that all the learned constraints from a single example are non-overlapping. To be more precise, the main contributions of MQuAcq-2 are the following: – It exploits the structure of the learned network to focus on selected violated constraints. Specifically, we presented an instantiation of the general method where the structure searched for is that of a quasi-clique, as cliques and quasicliques are common in CSPs, but the algorithm could also exploit other types of structure. – In case no more constraints can be learned by exploiting the structure of the learned network, it tries to find some non-overlapping constraints of the target network. Hence, it can learn some of the violating constraints but not necessarily all of them. This allows us to alleviate the high run time that MQuAcq incurs when searching for all the violated constraints from each negative example. The combination of these two contributions resulted in an algorithm that outperforms MQuAcq (as well as QuAcq and MultiAcq) in terms of both time and number of queries, especially on larger problems, and even in the absence of structure.


The study addressed three questions, what is the level of school attendance under the crisis situation in Maiduguri metropolis? Are parents and teachers willing to send back their children to the affected schools? Does insecurity have a significant impact on attendance of school children? Impact of Insecurity Questionnaire (IIQ) was developed for the study. The alpha reliability of the questionnaire was .965. It was administered to 225 parents and teachers in 21 junior secondary schools in Maiduguri, Borno state that were affected in the activities of Boko Haram in the metropolis. The responses to the questionnaire were summarized using percentages. Chi-square was computed to test for differences in responses on the impact of insecurity on school attendance. The students were found the level of school attendance under the crisis situation in Maiduguri metropolis has been low but that of male students seems to be lower than that of female students. Parents and teachers were willing to send their children back to the affected schools. The impact of insecurity on school attendance was found to be significant.


The alteration of protein synthesis induced by oxygen deprivation has been examined in the root tips of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Siokra), a plant that is intolerant to anoxia. Using [35S]methionine labelling and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis it was demonstrated that 14 major polypeptides are being selectively synthesised during oxygen deprivation. These polypeptides have been designated the cotton anaerobic polypeptides (ANPs), and have estimated molecular masses that correspond to molecular masses of ANPs from other plant species. However, compared to maize, several of the major molecular weight classes are absent, suggesting that the response to oxygen deprivation in cotton is simpler than that of maize. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity is induced by oxygen deprivation. Using western analysis we have determined that this increase in activity is correlated with the accumulation of the ADH polypeptide and that three of the major cotton ANPs are ADH, including the most intensely labelled ANP, demonstrating that the synthesis of ADH constitutes a major part of the response in cotton.


en An easily understandable but well-founded checklist was developed to facilitate the selection of "German as a second language" (so-called DaZ) courses by potential participants: What should interested people pay attention to before booking a course from the many on offer? Answers were given by 25 executives of Viennabased DaZ course providers in questionnaires. The comprehensive survey additionally identified changes regarding providers, trainers and clients in recent years. Schlagworte Wien, Osterreich Qualifikationsforschung Migration, Integrationsvereinbarung, TrainerIn, DaZ, Deutsch als Zweitsprache, AMS, Vollerhebung, Fragebogen, Anbieter, KursteilnehmerIn, Checkliste, Qualitat.


Kip V. Hodges

Harrison H. Schmitt

July marked the beginning of a 3-year-long celebration of one of the most remarkable periods of human exploration in history: the Apollo missions to the Moon. Reflections on Apollo have inspired a renewed international interest in sustained lunar exploration. While there are many motivations for traveling to the surface of the Moon, experience shows that a sustained program of science activities on the lunar surface would yield unique and invaluable scientific data. Although the Apollo missions themselves ended nearly five decades ago, Apollo science continues today. Building on field scientific observations and sampling by the Apollo astronauts, we now know that the Moon is very old, forming perhaps only a few tens of million years after the 4.56-billion-year origin of Earth and the Solar System. Unfortunately, our planet preserves only sparse evidence of its own ancient history as a consequence of the continuous recycling of Earth's crust through plate tectonics. There are no plate tectonics on the Moon and none of the erosional effects of wind, water, and flowing ice that drive most of the surface evolution of Earth. As a consequence, the Moon represents an …


The duration of an object construction is considered as a parameter expressing the concentrated influence of all stages of its formation, including design, preconstruction, construction, etc. It is shown that the construction stage, as the final stage, is the most flexible and its components that include organization of construction, technology and mechanization of construction and installation works promptly implement solutions from all previous stages, consisting of a large number of various methods and ways of influencing the construction duration. These activities allow reducing energy costs and making production less energy intensive. The decisions on combining the work of the preconstruction and the main periods of construction are given as an example.


PURPOSE: To provide a method and an apparatus to coat an exterior surface of glass containers such as bottles. CONSTITUTION: The method of this invention comprises a process in which the containers are conveyed along a coating path 2 while the containers are arranged in a non-contact relationship with one another, a process in which the container to be conveyed is dipped at least partially into a bath of liquid coating material, so as to apply a coating material to exterior surface of the container and a process in which the coating applied onto the container is cured. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


This chapter provides brief information regarding aeroelasticity. The chapter defines the scope of aeroelasticity and provides an overview of aerospace engineering, describing aeroelastic primary problems and achievements in the context of aviation history. Next, the physical principles of the most important static and dynamic aeroelastic phenomena, such as divergence, control surface reversion, flutter, and buffeting are outlined.


ABSTRACT Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based modality that can help social workers work with substance-using clients as part of an integrated health care approach. This study reports the findings of a post-graduation one-year follow-up survey of 193 master's and bachelor's social work students trained in SBIRT in practice courses at a Northeast urban college. Forty-three percent of the trainees who were practicing social work after graduation were using SBIRT. A content analysis of participants' comments found that the vast majority found SBIRT to be a valuable practice modality, with barriers to utilization of SBIRT identified.


Objective To explore the effect of antioxidant [pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC)] on the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in pancreas in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and it's significance. Methods 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups: sham operation (SO) group, SAP group, and PDTC group. SAP was induced by retrograde injection of 1 mL/kg 5% sodium taurocholate into biliopancreatic duct through Vater's papilla after duodenal wall punctured. In PDTC group, 30mg/kg PDTC was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour before the induction of SAP. All the rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, or 12 h after operation. The activation of NF-κB in pancreas was observed by immunohistochemistry, and the active level of NF-κB in pancreas was examined by western blot. Serum levels of amylase (AMY), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), and pancreatic pathological scoring in the three groups were detected. Results SAP could activate NF-κB in pancreas, which could be suppressed by PDTC (P 0.01). Serum levels of AMY and pancreatic pathological scoring in the PDTC group were obviously attenuated (P 0.05). 12 h after the operation, serum levels of ALT, BUN, and CK-MB in PDTC group were significantly lower than those in SAP group (P 0.01). Conclusion PDTC can attenuate the pancreatic injury in rats with SAP through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB in pancreas.


Significance An important challenge for improving cell-based approaches for Parkinson's disease is the development of techniques that facilitate greater standardization of the donor material. This report describes the enrichment of transplantable progenitors for dopamine neurons from the ventral mesencephalon based on targeting of transmembrane proteins. It is an important step toward the development of clinically relevant techniques that allow for greater standardization of cell preparations used in transplantation and potentially, more predictable clinical outcomes. The findings are highly relevant for current efforts to develop stem cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease, where current techniques yield mixed cell populations that may contain unwanted cell types and thus, would benefit from a cell selection step prior to grafting. An important challenge for the continued development of cell therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) is the establishment of procedures that better standardize cell preparations for use in transplantation. Although cell sorting has been an anticipated strategy, its application has been limited by lack of knowledge regarding transmembrane proteins that can be used to target and isolate progenitors for midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons. We used a "FACS-array" approach to identify 18 genes for transmembrane proteins with high expression in mDA progenitors and describe the utility of four of these targets (Alcam, Chl1, Gfra1, and Igsf8) for isolating mDA progenitors from rat primary ventral mesencephalon through flow cytometry. Alcam and Chl1 facilitated a significant enrichment of mDA neurons following transplantation, while targeting of Gfra1 allowed for robust separation of dopamine and serotonin neurons. Importantly, we also show that mDA progenitors isolated on the basis of transmembrane proteins are capable of extensive, functional innervation of the host striatum and correction of motor impairment in a unilateral model of PD. These results are highly relevant for current efforts to establish safe and effective stem cell-based procedures for PD, where clinical translation will almost certainly require safety and standardization measures in order to deliver well-characterized cell preparations.


The contents of heavy metal elements lead and cadmium in cortex moutan and its planting soil from different producing areas were determined,and the correlations of lead and cadmium contents in cortex moutan and its planting soil were analyzed.The samples were collected from Anhui and Shangdong,and cortex moutan and its planting soil were digested by microwave with nitric acidhydrogen peroxide-hydrofluoric acid system,and the contents of lead and cadmium in cortex moutan and its planting soil were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS). There was a good linear relationship for lead in the range of 0—60μg/L,recovery was 102.35%with RSD of 1.6%,and cadmium had a good linear relationship from 0 to 4μg/L,recovery was 99.85% with RSD of 0.7%.Lead and cadmium were both detected in cortex moutan samples from different producing areas,with low content of lead and high content of cadmium,and contents of lead and cadmium in planting soil were approximately 6—7 times those of cortex moutan.GFAAS has rapid analysis,accurate results and high precision.The planting soil is polluted by heavy metals.In order to ensure the quality of medicinal materials,it is necessary to protect the environment and the planting soil of medicinal materials.


Abstract:
 There are many branches of the Miao people in China, one of which is the Mashan Miao, who have been living in karst mountainous areas in southwest Guizhou Province. The Mashan Miao have adopted various measures for the conservation and effective utilization of the local ecological system and have made great achievements in this area. From the 1950s, their social environment has changed a lot due to political and economic movements. The rocky desertification in the Mashan area has gradually expanded. After the 1990s, relief work was carried out to address the desertification problem, but it was not very effective. We have been doing fieldwork in this area for more than 20 years and from our fieldwork records, we have found that the local Miao people have traditional ecological knowledge and skills that are of irreplaceable valuable for finding a solution for rocky desertification. Using the Miao knowledge we think a feasible way to control this disaster can be found.


The study of the performance of high-efficiency heat pump systems has been a hot issue of general interest in the field of heat pump air conditioning. For the designed and developed two-stage casing tandem heat exchanger of heat pump system, the 3D finite volume method and the realizable k-ε model are used to numerically analyze the influence law of inlet fluid temperature and flow velocity on the overall heat transfer coefficient as well as the Nussle number of inner and outer tubes. The results show that decreasing the inlet water temperature or increasing the inlet refrigerant temperature can improve the overall heat transfer performance; Nuin increases with the increase of water and refrigerant flow rates, while Nuout increases with the increase of water flow rate but decreases with the increase of refrigerant flow rate; Nuin and Nuout both increase with the decrease of water temperature or refrigerant temperature increases.


Objective: To determine the role of CD58 marker in Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) monitoring in B-cell Precursor ALL patients at South Egypt Cancer Institute (SECI). Methodology: This study was carried out in Department of Clinical pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, from October 2017 to December 2019. We used SECI Flowcytometry lab 4 color acute leukemia panel for diagnosis, then we studied the role of CD58 in detection of MRD by applied it twice; at diagnosis and at day21 (post induction). Results: 50 patients were included in our study with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who underwent CBC, BM aspiration and immunophenotyping. The mean age was 9.14±5.53 years. It included 31 (62%) males and 19 (38%) females. MRD by CD58 was positive in 18 (36%) of patients while was negative in 32 (64%). CD58 show sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 97%, positive predictive value of 94.4% and negative predictive value of 100% whereas the overall diagnostic accuracy of CD58 in MRD detection in ALL patients was calculated to be 98%. Conclusion: CD58 showed a high sensitivity to assess MRD in ALL patients, so its use to detect MRD in ALL is very useful.


The Covid-19 pandemic has moved relations with Sub-Saharan Africa further up the Maghreb countries' agenda and consolidated existing trends. Morocco is the Maghreb state with the most sophisticated Sub-Sahara policy. Its motivations include attractive growth markets in Africa, frustration over restricted access to Europe, stalemated in


Introduction: Childhood stunting has remained as a major public health problem for decades in developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study was carried out to assess prevalence and determinant factors associated with stunting among children aged 6–59 months in Pawie district, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross–sectional study was conducted from March to April/2019. Data was collected by an interviewer administered, pre–tested and structured questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling followed by a systematic sampling technique was used to include participants. Anthropometric body measurement of "Height/Length and Age" was assessed to determine child stunting. The measurements were analyzed by the WHO ANTHRO software. Stunting was defined as having of "Height–for–Age" Z–score (HAZ) lower than minus two standard deviations (HAZ <−2 SD) compared to the WHO reference population of the same age and sex group. Data was entered into Epi–Info–7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Variables with P–Values of < 0.2 in the bivariate analysis were transferred to the multivariate analysis. Both Crude Odds Ratio (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were computed to determine the level of significance. Finally, all factors at P–Values of < 0.05 in the multivariate regression analysis were declared as determinants of stunting. Results: A total of 841 children aged 6–59 months were included in the study. All the interviews were carried out with mothers of study subjects. The overall prevalence of stunting was 37.2% [95% CI: 33.9-40.49. Child age [AOR= 2.0, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.47], colostrum feeding [AOR= 2.5, 95% CI: 1.31, 4.85], malaria infection [AOR= 1.9, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.86] and meal frequency [AOR= 1.9, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.18], maternal level of education [AOR= 5.2, 95% CI: 1.21, 22.10] and employment status [AOR= 4.9, 95% CI: 1.72, 14.39] were independently associated with stunting in the study area. Conclusions: Childhood stunting was important public health problem in the study area. It was significantly associated with child age, colostrum feeding, malaria infection and meal frequency in the past 24 hours, maternal education and employment status. Improving maternal education, and age-appropriate child feeding and health care utilization practices are vital interventions to decrease burden of childhood chronic under nutrition in Northwest Ethiopia.


This project is a gallery and museum dedicated to Nam June Paik and is conceptually a reworking of Mies van der Rohe?s New National Gallery in Berlin. The reworking involved understanding the Miesian language in light of the meditations on contemporary media carried out by Nam June Paik. It is relevant also that Mies? body of work was drawing to a close as Nam June Paik?s was beginning in earnest. The building fits into a pocket of land surrounded by forest and rising from its approach. The heavy base inserts itself into the hill and distorts around the land?s contours. The glazed pavilion forms the entry point and its skin understood like a series of television screens. The space between the two part is opened up with a large void, thus placing the glass pavilion over a large hole. The roof is made accessible for large scale projection events.


Abstract : The Web is often the first source of information to track software vulnerabilities, exploits and cyber attacks. An important source is information found in text from security bulletins, vulnerability databases, news reports, cybersecurity blogs and Internet chat rooms. However, the data representation and interpretation of such unstructured text pose certain limitations on the automation of vulnerability management, and obtaining further contextual information from other related resources. We present an automatic framework that generates and publishes a RDF linked data resource for software security concepts and vulnerability descriptions. Vulnerability descriptions from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) are aligned with concepts from parallel repositories such as the Common Weakness Enumeration and Common Platform Enumeration. These concepts are represented in RDF using relevant concepts from a custom ontology that models the relationships between classes and entities for the cybersecurity domain. The unstructured sources of information from the NVD are then mapped to related concepts from DBpedia using object properties from the ontology. This system leverages paradigms of the Semantic Web to effectively process unstructured text into a rich resource of machine-understandable information. The RDF linked cybersecurity data collection will make it possible for applications to look up metadata and facilitate searching. Our results demonstrate an effective model for linking key security concepts to relevant resources on the Web. We outline the use of Linked Data technologies to facilitate consumption of information related to security exploits that can be further used for vulnerability identification, mitigation and prevention efforts.


By means of literature review and content analysis,the authors have studied 65 articles regarding the research of Guangzhou Asian Games,summarized the research achievement in economy,tourism and construction of stadiums and gymnasium for 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games,and pointed out at the same time,that there are some problems in previous researches,including weak theoretic foundation,unbalanced research focus,use of more qualitative but less quantitative research methods and unpractical and unfeasible research results,etc.Finally,the authors of this study put forward some suggestions for future research and look forward for the prospect of the research.


This paper deals with the characteristics of SPMSM for hydraulic actuator according to the slot number. As a design variable, slot number affects the winding configuration and this leads to the total variation of motor characteristic. Therefore number of slot should be cautiously determined. Three SPMSMs are designed and THD of back emf, cogging torque, and torque ripple are compared. Among three SPMSMs, 36slots with 12 pole is chosen for further development considering motor characteristics and manufacturing.


The invention provides an information processing method and apparatus, an electronic device and a management platform. The information processing method comprises the following steps: after obtaining a link layer protocol message, modifying a target medium access control layer address in the link layer protocol message packaged with an address analysis protocol message into a medium access control layer address of the management platform, so that the modified link layer protocol message is only sent to the corresponding management platform, and the broadcast transmission of the link layer protocol message is converted into unicast transmission, in this way, the number of link layer protocol messages forwarded in the network is reduced, the network bandwidth occupied by the kind of link layer protocol messages is reduced, therefore the influence on the utilization rate of the network bandwidth caused by the increase of the number of the kind of link layer protocol messages is solved, and the broadcast storm generated by the increase of the number of the kind of link layer protocol messages is further solved.


This paper is motivated by the desire to integrate and expand two recent literature streams, one that models effects of prior IT use and habit strength on continued IT use and another that studies how to apply such models to IT that are used in a characteristically sporadic manner. We find joint predictions of continuance intention, prior IT use, and habit strength within our research model are superior to subsets of the model across the range of frequency we studied. However, subsets of the model are able to provide reasonable predictions where all measures are not available.


Optical amplification of more than 3 dB is demonstrated using the Hot Electron Light Emitting and Lasing Semiconductor Heterostructure device in a Vertical Cavity Semiconductor Optical Amplifier configuration (HELLISH-VCSOA). The device consists of dilute nitride quantum wells Ga0.35In0.65N0.02As0.08/GaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) layers placed in the active region between the doped GaAs claddings and undoped GaAs/AlAs DBRs. Compared to standard VCSOAs in the HELLISH device, the current here does not flow across the distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) but is injected longitudinally into the p- and n-doped cladding layers. Therefore DBR layers can be undoped, and heating problems en countered in conventional VCSOAs can be avoided. Current-voltage and spectral characteristics are measured at room temperature under different optical and electrical excitation conditions to demonstrate the possibility of employing this device for amplification purposes (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A method of time division multiplexing using a boxcar circuit in place of the ordinary low- pass filter has been devised. The method has been applied for multi-channel transmission through pulse interval modulation and rectangular wave modulation using indigenous solid state devices. The multiplexed output obtained from the boxcar circuit has been processed in pulse interval modulator and rectangular wave modulator, and the receiver circuit uses complimentary circuits with synchronized clock pulses. The technique of multiplexing developed in this article can also be used in Δ—, M, Δ—ΣM, HUPCM and other pulse modulation systems.


Scalar is a free, open source authoring and publishing platform that's designed to make it easy for authors to write long-form, born-digital scholarship online.


A 55-kilogram, 64-year-old woman with a past history of hypertension and moderate renal failure (creatinine 0.17 mmolll) underwent an eight-hour operation to clip a left posterior cerebral artery aneurysm. During the procedure she received alcuronium chloride 37.5 mg, 7.5 mg as an initial dose at 0830 and then 2.5 mg every thirty minutes from 1000 to 1500 hours, phenoperidine 3.5 mg and halothane 0.5-1070 and was uneventfully reversed with neostigmine 5 mg and atropine 1.8 mg and extubated. Four hours postoperatively the patient became unconscious, flaccid with shallow res pi rations and with minimal response to painful stimuli. Since it seemed as though either or both the phenoperidine or alcuronium may have been responsible, neostigmine 2.5 mg, atropine 1.2 mg and naloxone 0.4 mg was given, and the patient regained consciousness and muscle power. Eight hours later, the patient once again became unresponsive to painful stimuli and a cerebral C.A. T. scan was performed which revealed no unexpected finding. Because the patient had generalised weakness, evidence of bulbar palsy and bilateral positive Babinski sign, it was decided that assessment of the extent of neuromuscular


In determining the consistency of health data, can use data mining techniques that can dig the hidden information from multidimensional data sets that have been obtained. In addition, data wich connected with other data can also be done by these data mining techniques. One of the data mining techniques is quite well known namely clustering. The methods are quite popular in data mining techniques that called k-means method. It is used to facilitate medical recorder for analyzing the general health situation of population groups in archiving health care data. The results of this analysis, the clustering of the disease based on age, sex, duration of disease and disease diagnosis.This research used tool Rapid Miner 5.3.Based on the data from clinic centers Kajen Pekalongan, the result of clustering is 376 items of acute and 624 unacute diseases from 1000 total of data.


In order to solve the problems of large number of conditions at inherent frequencies and low prediction accuracy when using multiple multivariate linear regression methods for vibration response prediction alone, an elastic-net regularization method is proposed. Firstly, a multi-input and multioutput linear regression model of the multipoint frequency domain vibration response is trained using historical data at each frequency point. Secondly, the trained model under each frequency point is improved by the elastic regularization. Finally, the model is used in a working situation. The predicted vibration response on the experimental dataset of cylindrical shell acoustic vibration showed that the improvement of the multivariate regression vibration response prediction model by elastic regularization can better improve the accuracy and reduce the large number of conditions at some frequencies.


Have you ever wondered where your emotional reactions come from? If you have, you're not alone. The source of emotions has fascinated behavioral scientists throughout psychology's history. Part of the evidence for this fascination can be found in this book; there are four studies included that relate directly to emotional responses (Chapter 5, Harlow, 1958; Chapter 6, Ekman & Friesen, 1971; Chapter 8, Seligman & Meier, 1967; and Chapter 9, Wolpe, 1961). This study by Watson and Raynor on conditioned emotional responses was a strikingly powerful piece of research when it was published more than 70years ago, and it continues to exert influence today. You would be hardpressed to pick up a textbook on general psychology or on learning and behavior without finding a summary of their findings.


The non-orientable 4-genus of a knot in the 3-sphere is defined as the smallest first Betti number of any non-orientable surface smoothly and properly embedded in the 4-ball, with boundary the given knot. We compute the non-orientable 4-genus for all knots with crossing number 8 or 9. As applications we prove a conjecture of Murakami's and Yasuhara's, and give a new lower bound for the slicing number of knot.


The researches on which this paper is founded, were commenced in February, 1880, but were not sufficiently advanced for any communication to be made regarding them during last session. As an article on the absorption of colourless liquids by Dr. W. Russell, F. R. S., and Mr. Lepraik appeared in 'Nature' on the 19th August, 1880, it might have been thought that we were merely following in the steps of those gentlemen, of the scope of whose work we were not aware; we have therefore stated when our work commenced. It will also be seen that our work has been more especially confined to the infra-red region, for reasons which will presently appear, whilst Messrs. Russell and Lepraik turned their attention to the visible portion of the spectrum. Reasons for undertaking the research. The investigations of Professor Tyndall on radiant energy, and its absorption by various organic compounds, led us to believe that if such marked effects were observed by means of the thermopile, at least as much information ought to be gathered from the photographic method recently brought to the notice of the Royal Society. The absorption measured by the thermopile is essentially the integration of all the absorptions in the different regions of the spectrum examined, and by this method it is almost impossible to determine the position of the several components, since the face of the instrument has an appreciable breadth. By the photographic method not only can an approximate estimate of the amount of absorption exercised by the compound be judged, but the exact localities of such absorptions can be indisputably fixed.


India's current health system strengths and problems are connected to British colonial health policies as an independent country. For the past 30–40 years, there has been an increased attention to ...


In this paper, we report on some transmitter and optical fiber technologies for 10 Gb/s speed datacom systems. Primarily to enable direct flip-chip integration with silicon CMOS circuits for highly parallel interchip interconnects, we have fabricated 2D vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays featuring 4*8 elements on a 250 micrometers pitch. Arrays emitting in the 980 nm spectral region exhibit excellent homogeneity and operation data like 0.8 mA threshold current, below 1.5 V threshold voltage, 1 mW output power at 2 mA current, and more than 35 percent conversion efficiency in the 2 to 5 mW power range. Bottom emission of 850 nm arrays is enabled by etching holes into the opaque GaAs substrate. Due to less efficient heat removal, devices are currently limited to about 2 mW light output at 6 mA current. Top-emitting 850 nm array elements have been employed for high-speed data transmission experiments. First we describe the characteristics of a new 50 micrometers core diameter silica multimode fiber that allows for 10 Gb/s data rate operation over a record distance of 1.6 km. Finally, a 9 Gb/s transmission experiment over 100 m length of a rather promising perfluorinated plastic optical fiber for low-cost data links is presented.


In this paper, we use a topological quantum field theory (TQFT) to define families of new homology theories of a $2$-dimensional CW complex of a smooth closed surface. The dimensions of these homology groups can be used to count the number of ways that each face of the CW complex can be colored with one of $n$ colors so that no two adjacent faces have the same color. We use these homologies to define new invariants of graphs, give new characterizations of well-known polynomial invariants of graphs, and rephrase and offer new approaches to famous conjectures about graph coloring. In particular, we show that the TQFT has the potential to generate $4$-face colorings of a bridgeless planar graph, leading to a constructive approach to the four color theorem. The TQFT has ramifications for the study of smooth surfaces and provides examples of new types of Frobenius algebras.


It is not possible to organize knowledge using universalistic knowledge theories in accordance with any realistic theory and it is not possible to represent knowledge in a thesaurus structure simply because the thesaurus is too rigid to compensate for the conceivable bearings of a concept. Furthermore the author does not believe that knowledge is actually organized the same way that a thesaurus is structured. A thesaurus is a tool developed on the basis of nominalistic knowledge theories, whereas a Knowledge Profile is developed on the basis of a critical realism that respect the knowledge structure and tries to represent the knowledge structure in accordance with the existing knowledge structures. The focus of the article is to sharpen the definition of the semiotic knowledge organization method SKO by drawing a knowledge profile for SKO.


This paper focuses on the design of soft sensors for on-line monitoring of the biotechnological process of biopolymer production, in which biopolymers are accumulated in bacteria as an intracellular energy storage material. The proposed soft sensors for on-line estimation of the biopolymer concentration represent an interesting alternative to the traditional off-line analytical techniques of limited applicability for real-time process control. Due to the complexity of biochemical reactions, which make it difficult to create reasonably complex first-principle mathematical models, a data-driven approach to the design of soft sensors has been chosen in the presented study. Thus, regression methods were used in this design, including multivariate statistical methods (PLS, PCR). This approach enabled the creation of soft sensors using historical process data from fed-batch cultivations of the Pseudomonas putida KT2442 strain used for the production of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs). Specifically, data from on-line measurements of off-gas composition analysis and culture medium capacitance were used as input to the soft sensors. The resulting soft sensors allow not only on-line estimation of the biopolymer concentration, but also the concentration of the cell biomass of the production bacterial culture. For most of these soft sensors, the estimation error did not exceed 5% of the measurement range. In addition, soft sensors based on capacitance measurement were able to accurately detect the end of the production phase. This study thus offers an innovative and practically relevant contribution to the field of monitoring of bioprocesses used for the production of medium-chain-length biopolymers.


This paper presents the sliding mode mean-square and mean-module state filtering and parameter identification problems for linear stochastic systems with unknown parameters over linear observations, where unknown parameters are considered Wiener processes. The original problems are reduced to the sliding mode mean-square and mean-module filtering problems for an extended state vector that incorporates parameters as additional states. The obtained sliding mode filters for the extended state vector also serve as the optimal identifiers for the unknown parameters. Performance of the designed sliding mode mean-square and mean-module state filters and parameter identifiers are verified for both, stable and unstable, linear uncertain systems.


The goal of this study was to develop a model of knowledge management in metalwork companies, for which it was necessary to identify and define the relevant factors. Considering the importance today of knowledge as the main source of competitive advantage, built a knowledge management to make possible the company to develop, achieve and sustain competitive advantage. The survey was used to obtain information on the study population, it was defined as the company concentrated its activities manufacturing of machinery and equipment, the sample size was determined using techniques of statistical inference and qualitative sampling, data resulting from the application of the questionnaire to the study population, were analyzed using statistical techniques of factor analysis, the results show that relevant factors can be grouped into three categories labeled, internal social factors, external social factors and technological factors, we propose a knowledge management model based on relevant factors that make up each category described.


Objective To explore the expression of chicken anemia virus(CAV) VP3 gene in human bladder cancer cell lines EJ cell,and to observe apoptosis effect induced by CAV VP3 gene combined with gemcitabine in human bladder cancer cell.Methods The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector PcDNA3-VP3 gene was transfectded into human bladder cancer cell lines EJ.RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression condition of VP3 gene in vivo.Then the effects of VP3 gene and 10-7mol/L,10-8mol/L,10-9mol/L gemcitabine on human bladder cancer cell lines EJ by single or combined administration in vitro were observed;and the effects of VP3 gene and 10-8mol/L gemcitabine on human bladder cancer cell lines EJ by single or combined administration in vitro were detected.Results VP3 gene was expressed in EJ cells.The proliferation of EJ cells in the experiment group decreased more distinctively than in control group(P0.01).The typical morphological changes of apoptosis were observed by electronmicroscope.The apoptotic rates in the expriment group were higher than in control group(P0.01),and the apoptotic rates in VP3 gene combination gemcitabine group was higher than that in PcDNA3-VP3 group(P0.01).Conclusion The expression of VP3 gene can effectively induce apoptosis in human bladder cancer cell lines EJ.Gemcitabine can enhance the apoptosis which is induced by chicken anemia virus VP3 gene.


Many dynamical systems are modeled as vector second‐order differential equations. This paper presents analysis and synthesis conditions in terms of LMI with explicit dependence in the coefficient matrices of vector second‐order systems. These conditions benefit from the separation between the Lyapunov matrix and the system matrices by introducing matrix multipliers, which potentially reduce conservativeness in hard control problems. Multipliers facilitate the usage of parameter‐dependent Lyapunov functions as certificates of stability of uncertain and time‐varying vector second‐order systems. The conditions introduced in this work have the potential to increase the practice of analyzing and controlling systems directly in vector second‐order form. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The National Library of China was active in compiling and revising cataloging standards and rules in the past several years, including Chinese Cataloging Rules, CNMMARC Manual (Bibliographical Format), MARC21 Manuals (Bibliographical and Authority Formats), Descriptive Cataloguing Rules for Western Language Materials.


I would like to respectfully acknowledge the Nyungah people, the traditional owners of the land on which this Convocation is being held. Distinguished guests, Members and Fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons, Partners and Guests: On behalf of our College Council and Convocation Organizing Committee, it is my very great pleasure to welcome you to Perth and the Twentieth Convocation of the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons.


Broadland District Council is launching a project to deliver a new way of supporting local businesses and residents in rural areas, starting in Aylsham.


Improvement of accuracy of neutron nuclear data for minor actinides (MAs) and long-lived fission products (LLFPs) is required for developing innovative nuclear system transmuting these nuclei. In order to meet the requirement, the project entitled as "Research and development for Accuracy Improvement of neutron nuclear data on Minor ACtinides (AIMAC)" has been started as one of the "Innovative Nuclear Research and Development Program" in Japan at October 2013. The AIMAC project team is composed of researchers in four different fields: differential nuclear data measurement, integral nuclear data measurement, nuclear chemistry, and nuclear data evaluation. By integrating all of the forefront knowledge and techniques in these fields, the team aims at improving the accuracy of the data. The background and research plan of the AIMAC project are presented.


This paper proposes a new soft switching synchronous Buck converter to provide complete ZVS conditions for both high and low side MOSFETs under the light- or no-load, as well as full load conditions. In the continuous conduction mode (CCM) with a heavy load current condition, the high side MOSFET is generally turned ON while the body diode of low side MOSFET is in the conducting condition in a dead-time region, which causes switching loss in the high side MOSFET. A proposed soft-switching Buck converter consists of the conventional synchronous Buck converter with additional L and C. By using a resonance with the additional L and C, the inductor current in CCM can be effectively commutated from the low side body diode to the high side body diode of the two MOSFETs during the dead time region. The detailed modes of operation with experimental results are provided to verify performance.


This paper describes a symmetrical, simple pair circuit that can harness thermal noise energy to operate correctly on a "single-dopant device" and its application to a full adder circuit. The single-dopant device is an atomic scale solid-state device and can be used, for example, as an actual platform for a single-electron circuit. We here aim to fabricate actual single-dopant circuits with a deterministic doping method. As a first step toward this, we design a possible circuit on the device and test its operation by Monte Carlo computer simulations. The simulation results confirmed correct circuit operation and showed that the device exhibited thermal-noise-harnessing abilities. Moreover, we also found that the simple circuit can operate as a full adder circuit. We believe that we will successfully fabricate a simple, actual single-dopant full-adder circuit in the near future.


The core electron binding energies of 3-methyl- and 3-phenyl-syndone are reported together with ab initio and semiempirical molecular orbital calculations of the electronic structure of these molecules. The ab initio calculation of 3-methylsydnone yields intramolecular chemical shifts in good agreement with experiment and also provides a new description of the bonding in this molecule. A point-charge potential model is unsatisfactory in interpreting the ESCA spectrum.


In the 25 19th-century rural diaries examined here, the content is organized through the repetitive spatial arrangement of isolated words and phrases on the page rather than through grammatical structure. Applying to the diaries analytic methods derived from the study offolk art andfolk narrative, the article concludes that the diaries are not merely catalogs of tasks completed. They represent the expression of rural, preindustrial concepts of time, place, community, and self through the adaptation of nonliterate aesthetic principles to the format of massproduced diaries intendedfor the literate recording of events and the compilation of business accounts.


Raymond Roussel's poetry, novels and plays have had a significant influence on the work of many of the 20th century's writers. This account of Roussel's life and oeuvre traces the evolution of his bizarre compositional methods, and shows the idiosyncracies of his structured life.


A Boolean formula in a conjunctive normal form is called a $(k,s)$ – formula if every clause contains exactly k variables and every variable occurs in at most s clauses. The $(k,s)$–${\text{SAT}}$ problem is the SATISFIABILITY problem restricted to $(k,s)$–formulas. It is proved that for every $k \geqslant 3$ there is an integer $f(k)$ such that $(k,s)$–${\text{SAT}}$ is trivial for $s \leqslant f(k)$ (because every $(k,s)$–formula is satisfiable) and is NP-complete for $s \geqslant f(k) + 1$. Moreover, $f(k)$ grows exponentially with k, namely, $\lfloor {{{2^k } / {ek}}} \rfloor \leqslant f(k) \leqslant 2^{k - 1} - 2^{k - 4} - 1$ for $k \geqslant 4$.


In the last years, the traditional tools used by visually impaired to navigate in real outdoor environments (white can and guiding dogs) are to be substituted with electronic travel aids (ETA). These devices, based on sensor technology and signal processing, are capable to improve the mobility of blind users in unknown or dynamically changing environment. In the present paper, the most important theoretical and practical results obtained in the the field of ETAs are presented first. Some original results of the author's team, which include new concepts in this field, like integrated environment for assisted movement, acoustical virtual reality (AVR), bioinspired solutions are then discussed in more detail. Some conclusions and the further developments in this area are also presented.


This paper is in response to Dr. Dennis Smith's paper, which dealt with the current status of dental cements and recommendations with respect to future research needs. Interest in cements and research in this area have mushroomed with the development of polycarboxylate and glass-ionomer cements. Despite this increased research, there still exist significant voids, which can only be elucidated by further concerted research efforts, both laboratory and clinical. With newer systems-e.g., the polycarboxylate and glass-ionomer cements—properties such as modulus of elasticity, which were of little concern with the phosphate cements, have now assumed clinical relevance. Also, the need persists to develop an in vitro test that reflects the relative resistance of cements to disintegration in the oral cavity. Finally, greater efforts should be expended by the research community to disseminate new findings to the dental practitioner in order that the patient population may benefit from the latest advances in materials.


More young people with Down's syndrome are being taught in mainstream schools and interest in the educational aspect of inclusion has grown over the last few years.

In this article Pat Cuckle, Senior Research Fellow at the University of Leeds, and June Wilson, a support teacher working for Education Leeds, explore patterns of friendship and social relationships among teenagers with Down's syndrome. The young people who took part in the study either attend mainstream schools or resourced provision in mainstream schools. The enquiry provides fascinating insights into the participants' views of friendship and into the range of their social experiences. Pat Cuckle and June Wilson conclude their report with a set of recommendations focusing on the need to create more opportunity for social interaction for young people with special needs.


Tayan Downstream is one of the D istrict that is located in R egency Sanggau , West Borneo. In the Tayan Downstream there are several Lakes that each has its own potential , one of which is Lake Bekat. In the Tayan Downstream there are several Lake sthate ach has its own potential ,one of which is Lake Bekat . In Lake Bekat there are many types of fishe specially the most prominent is Toman (Orheichepalus micropeltes), Kerandang (Ophiocephalus pleurophthamus) and Biawan (Hellostomata temincki) . With the vastexpanse of nature through out the area + 2136.52 Ha and the beautiful scenery around the Lake , Because in the absence of Tayan Downstream nature associated with water attractions ( Lake) there should be an assessment of the potential for tourist attraction on Lake Bekat. This study aims to identify andassess the potential attractiveness Lake Bekat to be developed as a tourist attraction and from this study are expected to provide information about the potential value for development Lake Bekat attractions . Thi sresearch uses descriptive methods and techniques of data collection in the field using the method of observation .From theresults of the study obtaineda value of135.98 . This value is multiplied by the weighting criteria appeal to the area that is 6so135.98 x 6=815.9 or C. From the research , the need for cooperation with relevant institutions in order to in crease the potential values??in Lake B ekat and the need for status determination so as not to conflicttareas in the future . Key words : Lake, Lake Bekat, Attraction, Tayan Downstream


Accelerated idioventricular rhythm is a ventricular rhythm consisting of three or more consequent mono- or polymorphic complexes. It might be registered in patients with structural heart diseases, rarer in completely normal heart, might be found in sportsmen and children. Idioventricular rhythm might be seen in myocardial infarction, in reperfusion and under medications influence.The article focuses on the literature data that led to identification of this important ventricular arrhythmia.


We have examined the infrared multiphoton dissociation of CH2CFCl as a function of pressure and laser fluence. The pressure dependence could be interpreted in terms of a competition between rotation hole filling and vibrational relaxation. The fluence‐dependent studies showed that the competitive hydrogen halide elimination reactions could be influenced by optical pumping rates near the dissociation threshold. Numerical modeling of the results using the energy‐grained master equation allowed us to obtain numerical values for the vibrational relaxation efficiencies of a number of bath gases. The numerical modeling suggests that while our numerical approach is adequate to describe the population changes near the dissociation threshold, and under the influence of collisions, it is (not surprisingly) inadequate to describe potential coherent effects at low levels of internal excitation.


Several sulfonium salts as efficient unimolecular photoinitiators capable of initiating upconversion nanoparticle-assisted cationic and radical/cationic hybrid photopolymerization are reported. The obtained luminescent polymeric materials, with curing depths of more than...


The task loomed over her: to clean and sort her mother's belongings. She opened the steel almirah revealing two vertical columns of stacked saris. The heavier silks, banarasis, and tanchois, zardoz...


book reviews ISSN 1948‐6596 Antarctic ecosystems: an extreme environment in a changing world Alex D. Rogers, Nadine M. Johnstone, Eugene J. Murphy and Andrew Clarke (editors), 2012, Wiley‐Blackwell. 564 pp. £85.00 (hardback) ISBN 9781405198400. This book arises from a meeting held in the Royal Society (London) and the material has, as it says at the start, been "originally published as an issue of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 1 … but has been materially changed and updated". From perusal of the refer‐ ence lists there is evidence for updating of some of the chapters, but I must confess to not having comprehensively compared this one with the ear‐ lier‐published. Suffice to say, this is a wide‐ranging account of all the material from the original ver‐ sion, plus a bit more, between a single set of cov‐ ers. The book covers an Introduction to Antarctic ecology in a changing world (one chapter), then Terrestrial and freshwater habitats (Part 1, three chapters), Marine habitats and regions (Part 2, eight chapters), Molecular adaptations and evolu‐ tion (Part 3, three chapters) and Conservation and management (Part 4, two chapters). From this, it is clear that there is a strong marine emphasis to the book, but this is not really a bias as much as a reflection of the amount of understanding of the marine versus terrestrial and freshwater habitats. The authorship includes many notable ex‐ perts in the field, numbering 78 in total, the geo‐ graphical distribution of which is worth noting: only five are or were based in the southern hemi‐ sphere. None of these was from either a South American country or New Zealand, despite signifi‐ cant Antarctic research programmes in both re‐ gions. Nearly half of the authors were either based at the British Antarctic Survey or had passed through that organisation in the relatively recent past. The book has been edited to a high and consistent standard throughout, as would be ex‐ pected since it is based on a rigorously reviewed and edited scientific journal. Each chapter does as the title indicates, by both describing the ecosys‐ tems and then discussing how they might re‐ spond, or how they are responding, to environ‐ mental change. The book is a valuable reference source and summary of existing knowledge. Al‐ though research advances, and despite the five years since most of the material was first pub‐ lished, this book is likely to remain topical for sev‐ eral years because the logistical constraints of conducting research in the Antarctic tend to de‐ termine progress. From my understanding, the only Antarctic ecosystem that is not covered in the book, but which is likely to provide us with genuinely new information, is that of the sub‐ glacial lakes, but we may need to wait a few more years before there is enough new information from that habitat to merit a review. As an institu‐ tional library purchase, I would recommend this book. David Hopkins Heriot‐Watt University, Edinburgh, UK email@example.com 1 2007. Vol. 362 (1477 & 1488) frontiers of biogeography 5.1, 2013 — © 2013 the authors; journal compilation © 2013 The International Biogeography Society


Prism of the internationalization is a model for the companies evaluate and decide the best entryway of your foreign activities. Whitelock's (2002) suggests a model that incorporates the elements-key of the several theories to explain of a more realistic way the internationalization of the companies. It is considered the next theories to prism: internalization theory; costs transaction theory; eclectic paradigm theory; industrial organization theory; life cycle of the product theory; competitive advantage theory; Uppsala theory; networking industrials theory and born global corporations theory. This article shows how the companies can put the prism model in practice for a better implementation of strategies.


ObjectiveTo discuss the value of the nuclear stereologic parameters on the diagnosis and type about the lung carcinomas.MethodsThe seventy lung carcinomatous specimens and eight normal lung mucosas were obtained from the lung surgical resections,which were grouped into squamous cell carcinomas(a),adenocarcinomas(b),adenosquamous carcinomas(c),small cell carcinomas(d),larger cell carcinomas(e) and normal group(f).Three or four views were selected stochastically from each stain cut from three paraffin masses selected randomly and stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin.We measured the nucleus and reference space using the Image-Pro analytical software.Using the carcinomatous cells as the reference space,the following parameters were acquired according to the stereologic formulas.The parameters consisted of the nuclear volume density(V_(vn)),surface density(S_(vn)),the surface/volume ratio(R_(svn)),numerical density(N_(vn)),the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio(Rnp),mean nuclear volume(v_(n)),mean nuclear surface(s_(n)),mean free distance of components(λ_(n)).The parameters were compared to analysis the differences among different groups and submitted to stepwise discriminant analysis.Result(There) were significant differences among the above eight parameters in the six groups.The seventy lung carcinomatous specimens and eight normal lung mucosas were discriminated accurately by the first discriminant equations.The dicriminant accuracy of the lung squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas was 90 percent and the six small cell lung carcinomatous specimens were all discriminated correctly using the second or third discriminant equations.Conclusion First,the parameters of V_(vn),S_(vn),N_(vn),R_(svn),Rnp and λ_(n) can be used to discriminate between the small cell lung carcinomas and the normal lung mucosas.And the parameters of V_(vn),N_(vn),R_(svn),v_(n) and s_(n)can be used to discriminate between the non-small cell lung carcinomas and the normal lung mucosas.In addition,the parameter of Rnp can discriminate the lung squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas.Secondly,the parameters of V_(vn),S_(vn),N_(vn),v_(n) and λ_(n) are all able to differentiate effectively the small cell lung carcinomas from the non-small cell lung carcinomas.But it is difficult to classify the histopathological subtype of the non-small cell lung carcinomas only based on the concerned nuclear stereologic parameters.Thirdly,the first discriminate equations chosing all the eight parameters show a satisfying effection to discriminate between the lung carcinomas and the normal lung mucosas.And the third discriminate equations,in which the four parameters of V_(vn),S_(vn),s_(n)and λ_(n) are chosen,show favourable to discriminate the squamous cell carcinomas,adenocarcinomas and small cell lung carcinomas.


on love, passion and 'free marriage'. Stones in the Sea by Fu Lin and The Sea of Regret by Wu Jianren were published within a few months of each other. Yet their worldviews are exactly opposite. The latter reads almost as if it were a response to the other. For that reason they are best read together. This is the first translation of these novels, and the translation is excellent. The interest in these novels would mainly be in their portrayal of a China that was struggling to redefine and relocate itself in the changing international context and the new world of ideas.


This article gives a detailed description of the development of an experimental sensor beam support with an integrated load cell, in this paper also named a smart support. The smart support is designed as a part of a beam bending experimental apparatus. For small universities, the financial effort needed to equip experimental mechanics labs is considered unjustified for the purpose of undergraduate mechanics classes. Thus the majority of experiments conducted in mechanics and similar classes are done during lectures as 5-minute presentations using available, inexpensive and simple apparatus. Such apparatus was produced in faculty workshops, by students as a part of undergraduate theses or projects with sponsoring companies. This article describes a process of building experiment apparatus through the student undergraduate theses and cooperation with local companies. It also shows the current state of beam bending apparatus at University North and the process of creating the initial design of a smart support. Some properties of two typical versions of load cells containing strain gauges were investigated using numerical simulations. According to load cell shapes, two different design solutions of smart support were proposed. The final chapter describes future plans to create data acquisition and ideas for developing further experimental modules or devices for various other experiments.


The first hitting time process of an inverse Gaussian process is considered. It is shown that this process is not Levy and has monotonically increasing continuous sample paths. The density functions of one-dimensional distributions of the process are obtained. Its distribution functions are not infinitely divisible and their tail probability decay exponentially. A similar result is obtained for the hitting time of a β-stable process. The density function is shown to solve a fractional PDE and then generalized to tempered stable process. Subordination of the hitting time process to Brownian motion and the underlying PDE of the subordinated process is derived.


This paper uses trade data from 2001 to 2017 to analyse comparative advantage of both the EU27 (excluding the UK) and China by employing Balassa's revealed comparative advantage index (BRCA) and the normalised revealed comparative advantage index (NRCA). Two broad types of trade specialisation dynamics have been analysed by using OLS regression analysis, together with Markov transition probability, Shorrocks' mobility index, and regression trend analysis. The results show that the majority of the agricultural products are in the comparative disadvantage category, and that although the EU has a strong comparative advantage in several agricultural products, its probability to keep these advantages is lower than for China.


Simple Summary In this study, we investigated the survival rate of P. canaliculata and explored the differential responses and mechanisms of female and male P. canaliculata under drought stress through a simulated drought experiment. Our findings revealed that female P. canaliculata produced a large number of eggs before burrowing into the soil when faced with drought condition. Furthermore, we observed that the feeding and activity of female P. canaliculata were more active than those of the males after rewatering following drought stress. Additionally, there were some gender differences in the antioxidant system of P. canaliculata after rewatering following drought stress. We expect that this research will be useful for a better understanding of how P. canaliculata tolerates and recovers from drought stress, which may aid in explaining the success of their invasions and predicting mollusk responses to climate change. Abstract As the frequency of droughts increases with climate change, the tolerance of aquatic organisms to abiotic stressors will become critical determinants of survival. Pomacea canaliculata has become a widely distributed agricultural and environmental pest in southern China. To evaluate their tolerance and adaptation under the drought condition, the survival, feeding, behavior, and antioxidant system changes in female and male P. canaliculata were investigated during drought stress and rewatering process through an indoor simulation experiment. The results showed that female snails laid eggs before burrowing into the soil to ensure offspring reproduction. Female P. canaliculata had higher survival rates than males under drought stress, and their recovery ability of activity after rewatering was also superior to those of males. The antioxidant system of P. canaliculata showed obvious activation with gender differences after rewatering. Overall, the survival rate of female P. canaliculata was higher after drought stress, and the resilience ability of female snails after rewatering was stronger, including in their behavior, feeding, and antioxidant system recovery. The P. canaliculata tolerance to drought and the ability to recover quickly after drought may contribute to their long-term survival and facilitate continuous invasion.


Summary Wells logs and seismic data were used to estimate elastic properties in a heavy oil sand reservoir. Previous studies have shown that there is little change in the P-wave velocity at the sand/shale interface, while the shear-wave velocity increases significantly from 800 to 1300 m/s. Post-stack inversion results show the importance of the frequency bandwidth of the data, with the PS inversion resulting in a smoothed impedance estimate. In general, Vp/Vs values lower than 2.15 have been determined to indicate sand reservoirs, and within the target zone densities lower than 2250 kg/m 3 further indicate sands.


A glasshouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of genetically mutated Trichoderma spp. for the management of Macrophomina phaseolina, charcoal rot of sunflower. Out of 10 treatment combinations, maximum disease reduction was achieved by a combination of seed treatment + soil application of mutated strain TM 17 as this treatment recorded zero percent disease incidence. The same treatment also recorded maximum plant height (43.62 cm), shoot length (40.00 cm), root length (3.62 cm), maximum fresh weight of shoot (11.90 gm), root (3.40 gm) and maximum dry weight of shoot (0.98 g) and root (0.56 gm) of sunflower when compared to other treatments.


Amputation of an extremity is followed by changes in musculoskeletal structures of the leg. The understanding of the manner of how the remaining muscles control the prosthesis will increase our knowledge on the biomechanics of the stump/socket system and help in the design of a good prosthetic fitting. To learn about the changes appearing in the geometry of stump, muscles and bone after above-knee (AK) amputation and their changes during stump actions, transverse magnetic resonance images (MRI) have been obtained for both amputated and contralateral legs of three AK unilateral amputees. The 2D images showed that the shape of the limb changed and the muscles atrophied after amputation. During stump actions, the positions and geometry of the stump, bone and muscles also changed.


By 1914 the leading British magazine publishers had successfully launched a range of popular weekly titles for female readers which focused on everyday women's fashions. In contrast, the British operations of American publishers Hearst and Condé Nast sought to develop high-quality magazines designed to attract affluent consumers – and the advertisers who sought to reach these readers. This paper argues that the success of Condé Nast's Vogue depended on two main factors: gaining authenticity in the world of high fashion and forming close relations with their customers – both readers and advertisers – using market research and promotion techniques transferred from the United States.


OBJECTIVE
To present a program of home physical exercises for patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and to evaluate adherence, acceptance and applicability; to verify possible changes in patients with NPH in the home physical exercise program, comparing patients with, and without, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, regarding gait, quality of life, activities of daily living, static and dynamic balance and its impact on the risks of falling.

METHODS
This was a controlled clinical trial, with assessments in three moments (0, 10 and 18 weeks) at the home, from October 2015 to November 2017. Fifty-two patients (30 women and 22 men) participated in the study.

RESULTS
There was a statistically significant improvement with 10 weeks of home physical exercises for the groups with and without ventriculoperitoneal shunt, respectively, in the sub-items: activities of daily living p = 0.032*, p = 0.003*; static balance p < 0.001*, p < 0.001*; functional capacity p < 0.001*, p = 0.027*; and dynamic balance and gait p = 0.009*, p < 0.001*. There was no statistically significant difference for the subitems: quality of life p = 0.695, p = 1.000; and NPH grading scale p = 0.695, p = 1.000, respectively.

CONCLUSION
The developed program of home physical exercise was easily applied and there was good acceptance by most patients with NPH included in the research. There was a statistically significant improvement with the 10 weeks of home physical exercises in the sub-items: activities of daily living, static balance and functional capacity, for both groups. In the sub-item dynamic balance and gait, there was a statistically significant improvement for both groups, but with a higher score for the group with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. There was no statistically significant difference for the sub-items: quality of life, NPH grading scale and risk of falls, based on the Berg scale.


Continuum theories with microstructure have been shown to be capable of modeling the dispersion behavior and displacement and stress mode shapes of the lowest propagation modes in a layered elastic material [D.S. Drumbeller and A. Bedford, Int. J. Solids Struct. 10, 61–76 (1974)]. A second‐order microstructure theory has been used to solve the problem of a layered half space subjected to steady state displacement and stress boundary conditions by modal superposition using the minimum‐square‐error and variational solution procedures described by Wu and Plunkett [C.‐H. Wu and R. Plunkett, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 15, 107–119 (1967)]. When the solutions were compared to solutions obtained by superpositions of the exact Postma‐Rytov modes for the layered material, it was found that, for frequencies below the cutoff frequency of the first optical mode, the microstructure theory predicted the displacement and stress distributions in the material to within a few percent. An important finding is that, due to resonance...


PurposeThe motivation for the current exploration follows from the fact that one-third of the population in Saudi Arabia (SA) is expatriates. According to the Saudi General Authority for Statistic (https://www.stats.gov.sa/en), the total population in SA in 2021 is estimated at 33,413,660 people, 20,768,627 of whom are Saudi citizens whereas 12,645,033 are expatriates coming from different countries across the world, such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Pakistan, Philippines, Sudan, Sri Lanka, among many others. In this study, the author targeted limited English and Arabic proficiency patients (LEAPPs) from only three countries in the Near East: (1) Bangladesh, (2) India and (3) Pakistan. The author selected these three countries because they represent the high number of expatriates in SA. According to www.globalmediainsight.com, the population of the abovementioned nationalities in SA in 2021 is as follows: India (2,550,000 million), Pakistan (2,450,000 million) and Bangladesh (1,300,000 million) (see https://bit.ly/3NR6SfT). The main official languages for Pakistan, India and Bangladesh are Urdu, Hindu and Bengali respectively. Although the English language is the second official language in both Pakistan and India, it comes as a second language, not as a mother tongue. In other words, these LEAPPs are unlikely to have a full command of the English language.Design/methodology/approachThe current study makes use of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative component follows from the use of questionnaires whereas the qualitative part comes from the execution of face-to-face interviews. This mixed approach has been influential in earlier explorations (see, e.g. Terrel, 2012; Dawadi et al., 2021) and was used in this study to achieve two objectives: (1) to explore whether LEAPPs suffer linguistically when they visit a Saudi hospital, and this data can be elicited via questionnaires, and (2) to gain insights from LEAPPs' experience and attend to their suggestions towards the improvement of the linguistic landscape of the Saudi health system, and this can be gleaned from the interviews.FindingsBased on questionnaires and interviews, the study shows that 64.5% of LEAPPs cannot express their health issues to Arabic-speaking physicians, while 54.8% cannot understand the details of their diagnoses and the guidelines of the prescriptions. Although there is a strong consensus among LEAPPs that interpretation services should be introduced to the Saudi health sector to achieve a better experience, 67.7% are generally satisfied with the current healthcare. Contra previous claims that patients are concerned about their privacy with the introduction of interpreters (see, e.g. Hadziabdic, 2011; Floyd and Sakellariou, 2017; MacFarlane et al. 2020), the present study shows that 70.9% of LEAPPs express no concerns regarding their privacy, whereas 19.3% adopt a neutral position.Originality/valueUnlike Al-Khathami et al. (2010) who explored the perspective of Saudi patients towards nonArabic speaking nurses and contra Alhammami (2020) who examined the attitudes of the nonArabic speaking doctors towards Saudi patients, the current study shed more light on a neglected sample, namely the laborers, janitors and other craftsmen who have limited knowledge of both Arabic and English and who visited a Saudi clinic/hospital and were met by Arabic-speaking physicians.


The MaD browser is a web browser Java applet developed to display and interact with vector graphic (map) objects, relational database tables, and other data sources. It was designed for use in remedial action projects to quickly and widely disseminate sampling results but is generally applicable to many other mapping situations. Its primary value is its simplicity and general availability.


Interference cancellation has become a hot topic in CDMA systems. Most of application are used in the base station receiver due to the complexity. Less work has been done in the mobile terminal. We propose a MAI cancellation detector at the mobile station receiver. The detector does not require an estimation of the interferers' data bit. If the channel estimation subtracted from pilot signal is perfect, the bit error rate (BER) of the proposed detector is the same as that of a single user.


Negro colleges, as well as colleges for other racial groups, are today faced with the problem of meeting new and rapidly-changing conditions, and are attempting to adjust themselves to these conditions so that they will maintain and increase their usefulness. Foremost among the problems in Negro colleges demanding attention is that of adjusting their instruction to the needs of the individuals whom they were established to serve. Of course, before these colleges can individualize their instruction they must attempt to discover to what extent, if any, college students differ. If investigation shows that there is a wide range of variability, then it would seem that there is a need for individualization of instruction. This investigation is made with the assumption that the same wide range of differences in reading ability that is known to exist among elementary and secondary pupils also exists in colleges. The above statement may be substantiated by citing results that have been found in a few of the leading white colleges in this country. Out of 437 freshmen at Miami University,' one-third were reported as being unable to read as well as the average 10th grade pupil. Booker2 also found


The Aerosol Land Mission (AERL) has been investigated within a study on concepts for advanced techniques that are compatible with implementation on a small satellite in the 150–200 kg range of total mass. AERL addresses the need for improved observations of atmospheric aerosol over land surfaces for air pollution control and climate research. The mission employs two instruments for multidirectional and multispectral measurements of reflected solar radiance. For measuring the columnar aerosol optical depth and properties a triple-view spectral imager with narrow band-pass filters in the 420 nm–910 nm spectral range is applied. Information on vertical layering of aerosol is obtained by dual view measurements of a grating spectrometer in the 757 nm–775 nm spectral range (oxygen A band).


The nickname 'Parthenias' assigned to Virgil in Naples, as Donatus states in his Vita Vergili, was variously interpreted by the scholars, as to the poet's morality, or to his name, or to Parthenope. There are new possibilities of clarifying the appellative thanks to Brown's discovery of an acrostic in the first book of the Georgics. In the context of this acrostic there is a word, virgineum (v. 430), which perhaps suggested the nickname.


For a social code of conduct to gain universal acceptance in a society, it would have to satisfy minimum requirements of consistency and procedural justice. The so-called universalizability principle in ethics says that any moral judgement made for an action of a person in a situation should be universalizable to other persons' actions in situations that are identical in relevant respects. By adapting standard axioms in social choice theory, we formalize this principle in the framework of normal form games and study its implications on equilibrium outcomes. A social code specifies socially acceptable responses against other individuals' behavior. A fair play equilibrium is an action profile where everyone behaves optimally subject to the social code. We show that for any admissible social code, the set of fair play equilibria coincides with that of Nash equilibria in all games. The result identifies a conflict between the universalizability principle and what a social code can achieve as equilibrium outcomes. JEL Classification: C70, D63, D71


The present invention relates to an image editing system based on the revision of each photographed image frame capable of enhancing the accuracy of a process for editing and producing an image to increase reliability by conveniently assembling or disassembling a lamp for forming a regulating point pilot lamp in local areas, such as rivers, lakes, or reservoirs, and preventing the deformation and loss of a pair of guide rails. The present invention comprises: a plotting device having an image DB, an image editing module, an image plotting module, a plotted image DB, a coordinate composite module, and an input and output module; a reference point lamp; a pair of bases including a body, a cover, a ring, an elastic body, and a magnetizing body; a supporter having a plate, legs, a magnetic body, the pair of guide rails, and a vibrator; and the regulating point lamp having a main body, a retaining wall, an illuminant, a switch, and a streamlined pipe. A cover body and a finishing cap are fixed in order by forming a spiral part at the center of the top of the retaining wall while forming supporting rods and fitting rods on the guide rails. A bearing housing is mounted between the cover body and the streamlined pipe. Springs and balls are elastically mounted on assembly holes formed on the guide rails to be locked to or unlocked from the recessed holes of the main body.


Interruptions in turning make the process forces non-smooth and nonlinear. Smooth nonlinear cutting forces result in the process of being stable for small perturbations and unstable for larger ones. Re-entry after interruptions acts as perturbations making the process exhibit bistabilities. Stability for such processes is characterized by Hopf bifurcations resulting in lobes and period-doubling bifurcations resulting in narrow unstable lenses. Interrupted turning remains an important technological problem, and since experimentation to investigate and mitigate instabilities are difficult, this paper instead emulates these phenomena on a controlled hardware-in-the-loop simulator. Emulated cutting on the simulator confirms that bistabilities persist with lobes and lenses. Cutting in bistable regimes should be avoided due to conditional stability. Hence, we demonstrate the use of active damping to stabilize cutting with interruptions/perturbations. To stabilize cutting with small/large perturbations, we successfully implement an adaptive gain tuning scheme that adapts the gain to the level of interruption/perturbation. To facilitate real-time detection of instabilities and their control, we characterize the efficacy of the updating scheme for its dependence on the time required to update the gain and for its dependence on the levels of gain increments. We observe that higher gain increments with shorter updating times result in the process being stabilized quicker. Such results are instructive for active damping of real processes exhibiting conditional instabilities prone to perturbations.


The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is the most important emerging pathogen since it was discovered in late 2019, infecting millions of people worldwide. The human body's defence against this new viral respiratory infection depends on the immune response of each person with a crucial impact on the appearance of clinical signs. Therefore, it is important to identify endogenous molecules with a fundamental role in severe pulmonary inflammation associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The impact of high mobility group proteins (HMGBs) in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was recently proposed. There is also recent evidence that HMGBs, particularly HMGB1–2, play important roles in the replication of viral genomes. Moreover, HMGB1–4 proteins appear to be associated with inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of many other viral diseases and disorders, including lung disease, ischemia-reperfusion-injury, sepsis, coagulopathy, trauma, neurological disorders, and cancer. This article presents the possible roles of HMGB1 in SARS-CoV-2 replication and its involvement in the pathogenesis of clinical severe pulmonary manifestations;these data can be useful in further virologic studies and the finding of new potential therapeutic targets in COVID-19.


Successful pilot plant tests of simultaneous removal of S0{sub 2} and NO{sub x} in a wet lime flue gas desulfurization system were concluded in December. The tests, at up to 1.5 MW(e) capacity, were conducted by the Cincinnati Gas and Electric Company and Dravo Lime Company for the US Department of Energy at a pilot facility at the Miami Fort station of CG&E near Cincinnati, Ohio. The pilot plant scrubbed a slipstream of flue gas from Unit 7, a 530 MW coal-fired electric generating unit. Tests were conducted in three phases between April and December. The technology tested was wet scrubbing with Thiosorbic{reg_sign} magnesium-enhanced lime for S0{sub 2} removal and simultaneous NO scrubbing with ferrous EDTA, a metal chelate. Magnesium-enhanced lime-based wet scrubbing is used at 20 full-scale high-sulfur coal-fired electric generating units with a combined capacity of 8500 NW. Ferrous EDTA reacts with nitric oxide, NO, which comprises about 95% of NO{sub x} from coal-fired boilers. In this report, although not precise, NO and NO{sub x} are used interchangably. A major objective of the tests was to combine NO{sub x} removal using ferrous EDTA, a developing technology, with SO{sub 2} removal using wet lime FGD, already in wide commercial use. If successful, this could allow wide application of this NO{sub x} removal technology.


Magnetization reversal behavior is examined under various nonuniform fields, the conditions of which are relevant to magnetic random access memory applications. During the magnetization reversal, the end domains play a key role at a uniform field, but they play a negligible role at a nonuniform field. Instead, a ripple pattern is initially formed in the interior and it progresses to form a vortex, resulting in a reversed domain. The switching field is found to be greater in the case of a nonuniform field, but, under a bias field, it is reduced greatly to a level similar to that for a uniform field. This result may indicate a wide window for the bit selectivity under a nonuniform field in magnetic random access memory applications.


Novel pillared-layered framework materials were synthesized by high-throughput or microwave-assisted methodology that contain Mg2+ and the zwitterionic linker HDTMP (hexamethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid)). Three compounds were structurally characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. In the compound {Mg[(HO3PCH2)2N(CH2)6N(CH2PO3H2)2]·(H2O)}n(1), obtained at 140 °C by hydrothermal or microwave-assisted reaction, the layers are built by isolated Mg2+ octahedra coordinated by oxygen atoms from six different zwitterionic HDTMP ligands. Each amino-bis(methylenephosphonate) moiety links three Mg2+ ions, bridging two of them through one phosphonate group and connecting the third polyhedron in a monodentate fashion. In Compound 2, {Mg[(HO3PCH2)2N(CH2)6N(CH2PO3H2)2]}n, hydrothermally synthesized at 180 °C, the layers are composed of bidentate amino-bis(methylenephosphonate) moieties connected to three Mg2+ ions, with one of the phosphonate groups acting as a bridging ligand. Various subtle structural changes are noted for the other two compounds. Thermodiffraction of 1 reveals that a crystalline-to-crystalline phase transformation occurs concomitantly with its dehydration, leading to a new anhydrous phase, namely, {Mg[(HO3PCH2)2N(CH2)6N(CH2PO3H2)2]}n(1deh). This process is fully reversible upon equilibrating the solid at room temperature. The reported compounds can adsorb ammonia and CO2. Compound 1 exhibits a moderate proton conductivity, ~1.5 × 10−5 S·cm−1 at 80 °C and 95% RH, that increases a half order of magnitude after experiencing a complete dehydration/rehydration process, 1→1deh→1.


Decisions concerning breast-feeding by mothers taking antidepressant medications are always problematic because of the potential impact of transmitting these medications to the infants. However, the extent of this problem remains unclear. In an independently funded study, researchers performed a systematic review and pooling of findings from 57 research articles and data from 36 unpublished …


The methodology of occupational risk assessment for workers' health was applied to analysis of medical examinations data. Health status was studied of 3290 oar mines workers engaged in underground works (56,8 %), enrichment factory (11,6 %), automotive department (6,8 %), railway department (3 %), power station (3,5 %), mechanical reparation shop (7,5 %), others (10,7 %). Age and length of service distributions were similar for all groups (mean age 40,7 ± 0,16 years, mean length of service 12,7 ± 0,16 years); 62 % of workers were smokers. All workers were divided into 9 groups according to complex of risk factors. The analysis and grouping of diseases were performed according to ICD-10 (WHO, 1995). As reference the morbidity data of population of the town Uchaly were used. The data were processed statistically with calculation of odds ratio, relative risk, and etiological fraction. The elevated relative risk of morbidity was revealed for diseases of musculoskeletal and nervous systems, respiratory diseases (chronic bronchitis), diseases of ear and mastoid, digestive system (stomach ulcer and duodenum), blood system, and vision organs


A number of studies have demonstrated that interaction is the soul of language teaching,and there is positive correlation between the quality of interaction and the effectiveness of EFL teaching-learning.From "interactive" perspective,comprehensive overview of domestic and foreign research on online EFL teaching shows that the research trends of domestic interactive approach in network English teaching are as follows: 1)Further studies on "interactive" and "interaction" in network English teaching;2) on designing,constructing and improving the network interactive English teaching system;3) scientific analysis of the effectiveness and affecting factors of network interactive English teaching.


Nanocrystalline intermetallic compound CuAl_2 powder was synthesized by flow-levitation method.The microscope structure and phase composition were studied by means of TEM and XRD.Results showed that the grain size of the nanocrystalline intermetallic compound CuAl_2 powder is about 30~50 nm,the powder is mainly composed of CuAl_2,and including a little Cu_9Al_4 and Al.Moreover,the formation mechanism of nanocrystalline intermetallic compound by flow-levitation method was also evaluated.There are certain corresponding relation between the compositions of evaporate source master material and phase composition of alloy compound nanoparticle.


The real-time estimation of the AC power system equivalent parameters enables the grid-connected Voltage Source Converter (VSC) to achieve more effective stability control during a short-circuit fault. In this paper, a novel Thevenin Equivalent (TE) parameter estimation method based on local synchronous Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) is proposed and applied to the Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) synchronization stability control of VSC. First, the relationship between the variation of the measured voltage and the error of the estimated impedance is strictly derived based on the rules of norm inequality. Then, according to the analysis of the upper bound of the system voltage change, a voltage threshold is proposed to select the PMU measurements to ensure the accuracy of the estimation during the large disturbance. Finally, using the estimated TE parameters, the current control instruction of VSC during the fault is calculated in real-time to ensure a synchronous and stable operation. The simulations reveal that the proposed estimation method can accurately track the TE parameters after a fault. Furthermore, the associated current control actions during a fault can ensure the PLL synchronization stability of VSC.


The composition and yield of the evolved gas and the resulting changes in infrared and ultraviolet spectra have been examined for the irradiation of poly(butadiene-co-styrene). Apart from crosslinking, the major changes which occurred during the reaction were the evolution of hydrogen and the destruction of vinyl groups. For every 100 e.v. of radiation energy absorbed 0.45 molecules of hydrogen were evolved, G(H2) = 0.45, and 6.1 vinyl groups were destroyed, G(-vinyl) = 6.1. These results have been compared with the yield of crosslinks, Gx = 1.60. Addition of N-phenyl-β-naphthyl-amine to the polymer reduced the gas yield to a greater extent than predicted by the "mixture law" (which states that the yield of a product from component X is directly proportional to the electron fraction of X). Over the additive concentration range of 2–11%, the gas yield was constant. This behavior is identical to that found previously for the crosslink yield. An explanation of these results has been given which involves the occurrence of processes which exhibit a negative deviation from the mixture law together with processes which exhibit a positive deviation. The destruction of the additive during the irradiation of a sample containing initially 0.52% additive has been determined. The results indicate that the additive protects the polymer mainly by charge transfer or excitation energy transfer.


Edge caching has emerged as a promising technique against latency caused by explosive growth of mobile data traffic through caching popular contents at the edge networks. However, the dynamically changing content popularity nature and limited caching capacity make it challenging to design an effective caching scheme to reduce latency. To solve this, a learning-based hierarchical edge caching (LHEC) scheme is proposed in this work. We first propose a novel deep learning architecture, namely Stacked Autoencoder-Long Short Term Memory Network (SAE-LSTMNet) to capture both the correlation of the request patterns among different content and the periodicity in time domain to improve the prediction accuracy of the content popularity. Then, to predict the popularity of these newly-added contents, a dynamic content catalog is introduced and a similarity-based content popularity prediction (SCPP) approach is proposed. Based on the content popularity prediction, a hierarchical edge caching optimization problem is formulated to minimize the average content downloading latency. Since the formulated problem is NP-hard and difficult to be solved, a low-complexity algorithm is proposed to obtain the near-optimal solutions. Simulation results show that the proposed content popularity prediction approach outperforms up to 6.36% in terms of the mean absolute error compared with the state-of-the-art methods and the proposed LHEC scheme reduces the average downloading latency at about 5.3%~7.9% compared with those existing caching schemes.