This study aimed to analyze: 1) the effect of price on purchase decisions aqua bottled water brands. 2) the impact of product quality on purchase decisions aqua bottled water brands. 3) brand influence on purchasing decisions aqua bottled water brands. 4) the effect of promotions on purchase decisions aqua bottled water brands. 5) the effect of price, product quality, brand and promotion together on purchasing decisions aqua bottled water brand.
Populations that are objects of this study are students of the Faculty of Economics, University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta that use or have ever bought aqua. The samples used 100 respondents. The sampling technique used in this study is incidental sampling. The method used in this research is by using multiple linear regression analysis to test the hypothesis that the t test and F test Before using multiple linear regression analysis, performed classical assumption beforehand.
Based on t test results showed that: 1) Prices positive and significant impact on consumer purchasing decisions. 2) Quality of products positive and significant impact on consumer purchasing decisions. 3) Brand positive and significant impact on consumer purchasing decisions. 4) The promotion of positive and significant impact on consumer purchasing decisions. While the results of the F test showed that price, product quality, brand and promotion simultaneously have influence on consumer purchasing decisions. Rated R Square of 0,501artinya that 50.1% change in consumer purchasing decisions can be explained by a change of independent variables (price, product quality, brand and promotion).


The process of EU integration has been associated with a variety of outcomes in time and space. A critical question has to do with the impact of open markets on the differences, in economic performance, among more and less advanced countries. Given that industrial activity is more exposed to the forces of integration than any other productive activity, this discussion is more interesting when it focuses on industry. The paper aims to detect the determinants of industrial performance in the EU-15 countries covering the period 1980-2003 in the ongoing process of EU integration. Understanding the factors behind success and failure may have an added value for policy-making at a time when EU structural and cohesion policies are under scrutiny.


Introduction Tinea pedis is considered by many to be of relatively minor importance as a source of comfort and incapacitation. Although this ordinarily holds true, situations which prevent proper hygiene of the feet can convert this disease into an important cause of manpower loss. Perhaps the most provocative example of this fact is encountered in a review of records of the armed forces during the last three prolonged combat situations. Therefore, any preparation which can control this disease during times of stress when normal foot care may be neglected will prove to be a modality of great value to the civilian population and particularly to military personnel. The subject of tinea pedis has been covered thoroughly by other authors, and particularly well by Strauss and Kligman. 1 Our observations of the disease process, causative organisms, and diagnostic procedures paralleled their report so closely that a complete discussion on these aspects


Although EIA has long been accepted in China as a critical regulatory tool for environment protection and sustainable development, little is known about how EIA law has been practiced in courts, even though many years have passed since the EIA Law 2002 came into force. The article explores the practices of EIA law in China's courts by examining 107 judicial decisions through both statistics and case-by-case studies. Each of the 107 judicial decisions have been analyzed to determine the time/location of the decision, what type of EIA document was referred to, what kind of administrative decision of the EPBs was challenged, what specific claim was made by the plaintiffs, and what the court's ruling was on the case. The results indicate that the number of EIA lawsuits included in this study increased as time went by, the justiciability of EPB's EIA decision was widely taken for granted, and the standing of the interested party was widely affirmed. On the other hand, the research also shows that the EPBs overwhelmingly prevailed in those EIA lawsuits and the reviewing judges were highly self-restrained, giving obvious deference to the technocrat with the substantial contents of EIA documents. Also, the concept of "flaw" was created when it came to procedural issues which also acted in favor of EPBs.


PURPOSE: To obtain a low-cost apparatus and method for rapidly treating the judgment and inspection of the label on a beverage can in a high speed production line. CONSTITUTION: The apparatus for judging and inspecting a color label comprises one optical head 40 disposed at the position not disturbing or affecting influence the movement of a beverage can 10 to sense the colors (red, blue, yellow, green) of the predetermined number in the part in the visual field of the moving can. The head 40 outputs an analog electric signal proportional to the strengths of the colors. The signal is processed by a computer, and many dichroic characteristic diagrams are formed based on the colors of the decided number. After the cans 10 of the sufficient number are passed before the head 40 and all the diagrams are completely formed, the computer senses the colors of the following can 10 thereafter, and compares it with the previous diagram. If the pattern of the sensed color is extended out of the diagram, the can is failed, and a failure signal is output. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


In a celebrated paper published in 1975, Rudnicki and Rice (RR) analyzed the conditions for strain localization in pressure-sensitive dilatant materials. This paper corrects certain results in their work that are relevant in exceptional cases. RR found that the normal to the plane of localization was generally orthogonal to the direction of the intermediate principal stress; however, when a certain inequality was satisfied, it was orthogonal to the direction of the minimum principal stress. In contrast, it is shown here that the normal to the plane of localization is always orthogonal to the direction of the intermediate principal stress; but there is a special case where it is parallel to the direction of either the maximum or the minimum principal stress, and in this case the expression of the critical hardening modulus at localization differs from that given by RR.


Nell Dunn interviewed ten grandmothers, all from different social backgrounds, and talked to them about what it feels like to be a grandmother and what it felt like to be a grandchild. The interviewees range from Ursula, who lives in a country house, to Joy, who lives on a council estate. The author also wrote "Up the Junction", a collection of short stories set in South London. It won the John Llewelyn Rhys Award and was filmed for TV and cinema. Her novel "Poor Cow" was made into a film directed by Ken Loach. She also wrote the play "Steaming".


MICRO ELECTROMECHANICAL RELAYS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN VARIABLE INDUCTOR NETWORKS by Shifang Zhou A family of microrelay devices together with integrated inductor networks has been designed, simulated, fabricated and experimental characterized. These switched networks utilize microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) as a fabrication technology and take advantage of the economies of semiconductor cleanroom batch-processing. A new type of microrelay has been developed using a suspended TaSi2/Si02 bimorph cantilever beam, gold-to-gold electrical contact, aluminum as sacrificial layer, and a combined thermal and electrostatic means of actuation. For the first time a micro variable inductor network which is digitally controlled by microrelays has been demonstrated. A test structure for electrical micro contact characterization has been designed, built and characterized as a support task in this research. The microrelay design has utilized the Rayleigh-Ritz method to simulate the actuation and the electrical contact force. The cantilever structure of the microrelay contains a specially-shaped area which provides a symmetric force to the electrical contact region and thus reduces the electrical contact resistance. The required thermal power and electrostatic voltage for the combined actuation of microrelays were measured typically as II mW and 30 — 40 volts, respectively. The electrical contact resistance was typically 0.6 to 0.8 Ohms. The maximum operation frequency was 10 KHz and the microrelay closure and opening time were typically 12 μS. A limited number of lifetime tests were performed indicating the device lifetime to be about 106 cycles. A micro variable inductor network consisting of a 16-turn rectangular spiral coil and four controlling microrelays was designed and fabricated. A larger coil structure was divided into four segments. Each inductor segment had a microrelay connected with it in parallel. The network inductance values were determined by combinations of switching states of microrelays. Sixteen different inductance values ranging from 2.5 nI-I to 324.8 nH were obtained. The silicon substrate underneath the inductor region was etched out to reduce the substrate loss. The minimum self-resonant frequency was measured 1.9 GHz. MICRO ELECTROMECHANICAL RELAYS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN VARIABLE INDUCTOR NETWORKS


Background:Kidney disease is an increasingly important complication of HIV. Objectives:To examine the incidence and predictors of acute renal failure before and after the introduction of HAART, and the impact of acute renal failure on in-hospital mortality in the post-HAART era. Methods:Adults hospitalized in acute care hospitals in New York State during 1995 (pre-HAART) or 2003 (post-HAART) were identified from the state Planning and Research Cooperative System database. HIV status was defined by primary or secondary diagnosis code. The impact of HIV and HAART on the incidence of acute renal failure and mortality, and the impact of acute renal failure on mortality, was assessed using χ2 analysis and multivariate regression. Results:There were 52 580 HIV-infected patients discharged from hospital in 1995 and 25 114 in 2003. Compared with uninfected patients, HIV-infected patients had an increased incidence of acute renal failure in both the pre-HAART [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 4.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.30–4.95] and post-HAART eras (adjusted OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 2.66–2.99). In the post-HAART cohort, acute renal failure was associated with traditional predictors such as age, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease, as well as acute or chronic liver failure or hepatitis coinfection (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Acute renal failure was associated with mortality among HIV-infected patients in the post-HAART era (OR, 5.83; 95% CI, 5.11–6.65). Conclusions:Acute renal failure remains common among hospitalized patients with HIV and is associated with chronic kidney disease, liver disease, and increased mortality.


The cycle of nitrogen oxides in the troposphere is discussed from both global and regional perspectives. Global sources for NOx are estimated to be of magnitude 50(±25)×1012gm N yr−1. Nitrogen oxides are derived from combustion of fossil fuels (∼40%) and biomass burning (∼25%) with the balance from lightning and microbial activity in soils. Estimates for the rate of removal of NOx based on recent atmospheric and precipitation chemistry data are consistent with global source strengths derived here. Industrial and agricultural activities provide approximately two thirds of the global source for NOx. In North America, sources from combustion of fossil fuels exceed natural sources by a factor of 3–13. Wet deposition removes about one third of the combustion source of NOx over North America, while dry deposition removes a similar amount. The balance is exported from the continent. Deposition of nitrate in precipitation over eastern Canada and the western Atlantic is clearly influenced by sources of NOx in the eastern United States. Major uncertainties in the cycle of NOx are attributed to lack of field measurements and inadequate understanding of heterogeneous processes involving NOx.


The level statistics in the transition between delocalized and localized phases of many body interacting systems is considered. We recall the joint probability distribution for eigenvalues resulting from the statistical mechanics for energy level dynamics as introduced by Pechukas and Yukawa. The resulting single parameter analytic distribution is probed numerically via Monte Carlo method. The resulting higher order spacing ratios are compared with data coming from different quantum many body systems. It is found that this Pechukas–Yukawa distribution compares favorably with β–Gaussian ensemble—a single parameter model of level statistics proposed recently in the context of disordered many-body systems. Moreover, the Pechukas–Yukawa distribution is also only slightly inferior to the two-parameter β–h ansatz shown earlier to reproduce level statistics of physical systems remarkably well.


This invention provides a loading, testing and monitoring method for optical associated signals and its device, in which, the loading method includes: A1, distributing different time slots for loaded points, A2, each loaded point sends optical identification signals at the corresponding distribution time slot, the test method includes: B1, splitting the optical signals into two paths of signals, B2, converting a path of optical signals to corresponding electric signals, B3, separating the electric signals and picking up the identification signals from them.


The dual‐level direct kinetics method has been used to investigate the multichannel reactions of C2H5I + Cl. Three hydrogen abstraction channels and one displacement process are found for the title reaction. The calculation indicates that the hydrogen abstraction from CH2 group is the dominant reaction channel, and the displacement process may be negligible because of the high barrier. The rate constants for individual reaction channels are calculated by the improved canonical variational transition‐state theory with small‐curvature tunneling correction over the temperature range of 220–1500 K. Our results show that the tunneling correction plays an important role in the rate constant calculation in the low‐temperature range. Agreement between the calculated and experimental data available is good. The Arrhenius expression k(T) = 2.33 × 10−16 T1.83 exp(−185.01/T) over a wide temperature range is obtained. Furthermore, the kinetic isotope effects for the reaction C2H5I + Cl are estimated so as to provide theoretical estimation for future laboratory investigation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010


The book is in four parts: Part 1 provides the reader with a Tutorial Review covering essential knowledge about language, and presenting the two dimensions of the Simple View of Reading.


IPL 9 is scheduled to be held in April 2016. T20 cricket is relatively new and the strategies and techniques are evolving. This is evident in the better performances by both bowlers and batsmen in successive IPL seasons. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the data of IPL upto season 8 and overall T20 career data of players upto January 2016 to design performance indices for batsmen and bowlers in IPL 9. Categorization of players is done based on their roles in the team and the indices are determined separately for each category using Random Forests Algorithm. A heuristic is designed to enable selection of the best playing 11 out of the available team using the performance indices designed in this work. The algorithm is effective in enabling the best 11 to be selected within the constraints of the rules in the IPL tournament.


Gonioscopy was performed on 110 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma over the age of 40 and an equal number of normal subjects matched by race and age. The frequency distribution of various angle features differed in two groups. In the glaucoma group there were more iris processes at all levels of insertion, a higher insertion of the iris root, and more trabecular pigmentation. We believe that a congenital angle anomaly is an important factor in the pathogenesis of the elevated intraocular pressure.


This work presents the results of miniinvasive technology application in Republic of Bashkortostan. Using of miniinvasive operations in abdominal surgery, such as laparoscopic, minilaparotomic and combined methods, decreases cases of postoperative complications, lethality and period of work disability, also it increases quality of life. Introduction of mini-invasive operations shows great economical effect in comparision with traditional surgery.


Promoting cultural trade is an important way to show the cultural soft power of sovereign state and an important way to improve the competitiveness of the cultural industry in the sovereign state. The cultural trade reflects the cultural attraction, enhances the cultural cohesion, deepens the cultural penetration, and enhances the cultural assimilation. There are some problems in the cultural trade of our country, such as the scale of the cultural trade is too small, the construction of cultural trade platform is not perfect to weaken the cultural cohesion, the special cultural brands are few, the single mode of cultural trade weakened cultural assimilation force, the cultural trade geographical direction is too concentrated. We cannot ignore the role of cultural trade development on promoting the cultural soft power. Cultural Trade Reflects the Attraction of Culture The cultural soft power comes from the national cultural attraction. While the national policy is reasonable and lawful, and the national politics is democratic, the country will continue to enhance the soft power of the culture. If a country wants to become a country with a strong cultural soft power, its national cultural value system must have a strong appeal. Joseph Nai believes that in the United States, cultural soft power is reflected in the variety of cultural tolerance, the social responsibility, and the honesty and trust between people. This is also the attraction of the nation. In the United States there are developed non-profit organizations and voluntary organizations, these are the signs of the soft power of American culture. The development of the voluntary organizations and the volunteers is an important embodiment of the national and the social responsibility. [1] The United States is recognized as a powerful country with the strong economy and culture. The cultural attraction of the soft power in the United States is mainly reflected in the attraction of American foreign cultural trade. In 2011, the total import and export trade of American culture is 155 billion 362 million dollars, this figure ranked first in the world. The import and export volume of American cultural products is 5.37 times of the total import and export of British cultural products, 3.55 times of the total export and import of German cultural products, and 8.43 times of the total export and import of Korean cultural products. Compared with the United States, Chinese cultural products import and export volume has a big gap with the United States. In 2011, Chinese cultural trade import and export volume is 19 billion 290 million dollars. In this year, the United States cultural trade import and export volume is 8.05 times of the total import and export trade of China. In 2011, the total exports of United States cultural products is 1201.47 billion dollars, it is 6.59 times of the British cultural exports, 5.64 times of the German cultural exports, 29.68 times of Korea's total cultural export, 31.30 times of the total export of Chinese cultural products. From these data, we can see that American cultural products have a strong appeal in the world market. [2] In the United States, compared with the film industry, no industry has a broad international market. The attraction of the Hollywood film to the international film market is the embodiment of the soft power of American culture. In 1920s, the Hollywood film has been widely welcomed in the overseas.


The stated aim of this book is to provide 'a comprehensive text on mental health promotion practice using a life span approach' (p. 1). The book is aimed at public health and health promotion workers, social work, nursing, and youth and community workers. This is a well-organised book. The layout is clear, with references at the end of each chapter, and there are activities and questions for reflection, as well as good use of tables. The editors' foreword at the beginning of each chapter provides a useful link from the previous material, and gives a sense of continuity. The introductory chapter identifies the starting point for the book as the principles underpinning health promotion, and acknowledges the difficulties of promoting mental health when this is often seen as illness prevention. The conflict between health as an individual responsibility and the impact and importance of the wider community is also debated. The author questions the fact that mental health professionals see reducing stigma about mental illness as health promotion, even though this still emphasises illness rather than actively promoting mental health. Subsequent chapters provide an overview of mental health, mental health promotion, with four chapters covering the life span. A concluding chapter offers a brief debate on the impact of policies and future trends in mental health promotion. The big problem with this book is that it tries to fit too much material into a relatively small number of pages – well under 250 pages to cover topics such as 'What is mental health?'; mental health promotion; mental health through the whole life span; as well as some recommended practical strategies. The result is 'a whistle stop tour through mental health promotion', which means that some important issues are not addressed in sufficient depth. The importance of early development for good mental health in later life is barely touched upon, and the impact of unemployment on mental health is also only superficially addressed even though it is linked to self-esteem, resilience to stress, poverty, poor health and suicide. The early chapters are excellent. Chapter 2: 'What is mental health?' (MacDonald) is a very good chapter. A thought-provoking debate on the relationship between mental health, mental well-being and mental illness carries on nicely from the introduction. The author looks at the social construction of mental illness and how this has led to the current preoccupation with individual pathology, and stresses the idea that mental illness can be seen as a normal response to the circumstances in which people live their lives. The chapter on Mental Health Promotion (Tilford) provides a useful summary of WHO Health promotion documents, and critiques relevant models, but lacks specific application to mental health.


The present paper argues that multilingual generation must be considered as a kind of multilingual communication requiring similar resources as translation. One of the central resources necessary is that of contrastive knowledge, both linguistic and nonlinguistic. We will show what this contrastive knowledge comprises and make a proposal of how to construct it employing the approach used in the kpml framework.


The improvement of the properties and working life of the Freeman source is described. The experimental results show that the magnetic mirror field caused by a pair of mild steel circular plates, 15 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, placed outside the discharge chamber can increase the ionized efficency of the gas feed. The atom–ion ratio of nitrogen was increased from 66% to 81%, and the heating filament current was decreased about 30 A, from 130 A down to 100 A for a new filament of 2 mm in diameter at the same arc voltage, arc current, and external magnetic field condition. Additionally, a Mo shield cylinder 14 mm in diameter put behind the reflect cathode surrounding the BN insulator prevented the metallization of the BN insulators, and resulted in increasing the stability of the arc discharge until the end of the filament working life of the Freeman source. The improvement occurred because it restricted the deposition of the sputtered W and Mo atoms coming from the hot filament and reflect cathodes onto...


This research was quasi-experiment research aiming at assessing a model on changing health behavior development in metabolic syndrome risk group. Samples were 36 health officers at district and tambon levels and 40 persons with metabolic risks. A questionnaire was and presented in terms of to collect data for group process synthesis of health behavior model. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and percentage. After the implementation of the changing health behavior development model, the risk group had higher mean score on knowledge on metabolic disease and practice from 59.8 to 82.1 percent. Efficiencies index of changing health behavior model was 0.2479. Overall and individual practice perspectives of the metabolic risk group of both before and after the implementation of the model were at medium level. However, some individual practice perspectives after the implementation of the model were higher. Those perspectives included sanitary aspect and health self-aspect. Mean of overall perspectives and practice of risk group after changing health behavior increased. Satisfaction and opinions concerning levels on changing health behavior model were both at high level both from group and individual perspectives. Key words: metabolic syndrome, behavior, knowledge


The performance targets and restrictive conditions that the disc brake must meet are analyzed.The multi-objective optimal model is formulated,which aimed at the minimum braking temperature and the mzximum braking torque.This model is solved by the genetic algorithm in the MATLAB optimization toolbox,and the desired results have been achieved.


Forensic entomology uses different stages of arthropods as an entomological evidence at death scene to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) using either successional waves or maggot age and its development. It is also used to analyse toxic substances to determine the cause of death and movement of a corpse in homicide cases .The arthropod succession patterns are greatly affected by temperature and humidity. Their development rate also differs physiologically depending on their geographical origin. Therefore the knowledge of local fauna is very useful in forensic investigations. Data from other areas having both different environmental and faunal characteristics might provide insufficient degree of accuracy. The results of main arthropod group were discussed in relation to decomposition stages .Many insect species were identified. The following orders were represented: Diptera (Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, and Muscidae), Coleoptera (Dermestidae) and Hymenoptera (Formicidae).Preliminary documentation of entomofauna of Assiut city (arid, urban environment) revealed that Diptera was the predominant group followed by Coleoptera . Calliphora species were not found to colonise the carrion as expected. Chrysomya albiceps was seen to be the predominant species.


Sir–In the Jpn. J. Cancer Res., Funahashi et al. presented convincing evidence that unpurified wakame and water-soluble mekabu can reduce the incidence, multiplicity and size of breast tumors in rats. 2) Considering that wakame/mekabu is particularly rich in iodine, they suggested that the tumor inhibition was brought about by the iodine via induction of apoptosis and proposed that their results provide a basis for the development of a chemopreventive regimen. We, however, would like to make some comments on this. Wakame contains not only minerals besides iodine and vitamins, as the authors noted, but also dietary fiber and marine oil. Water-soluble minerals and vitamins including folate, water-insoluble minerals such as selenium and calcium, carotenoids including β-carotene and fucoxanthin and chlorophyll behave as anti-mutagens, anti-oxidants or anti-promoters for cancer including breast cancer. The water-soluble dietary fiber/digestible algae polysaccharides such as alginic acid and fucoidin, and the short-chain fatty acids formed by biodegradation in the colon may alter the bacterial flora by increasing bifidobacteria, modulate the metabolism and uptake of carbohydrate, fat including cholesterol, bile acids and sex hormones, improve insulin resistance, reduce insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-I, increase IGF binding protein-3 and enhance immunocompetence. Furthermore, wakame contains n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including α-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, albeit at relatively low concentrations, which can compete with n-6 PUFAs including linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, precursors of prostaglandin E2, which cause inflammation and tumor promotion. The authors concluded that iodine was effective for preventing breast cancer at concentrations generally equivalent to our daily intake. However, as is well known, excess intake of iodine can certainly not be recommended because of the possibility of thyrotoxicosis. The situation is reminiscent of the very convincing inverse association between intake of green-yellow vegetables and cancer, 13) despite equivocal findings with individual components. Indeed, at high doses in heavy smokers, β-carotene acted as a pro-oxidant and increased lung cancer risk. 15) In conclusion, wakame /mekabu and other seaweeds as a whole appear to be good candidates for dietary modification to achieve cancer prevention, but great caution is necessary in consideration of chemoprevention using iodine as a chemical agent. (Received June 12, 2001/Revised August 6, 2001/Accepted August 8, 2001)


The paper focus on analyzing the impact of warranty periods on the optimal age-replacement from the consumers'perspectives.First we construct themathematical formulations for age -replacement model.After optimizing we find there exists a unique optimal replacement age based the long-run expected cost rate is minimized.Further,a concise numerical example is demonstrated, and the sensitivity analysis of the warranty period to practicalreplacement age is carried out as well.Afterwards, the influnce of warranty periods on the optimal age-replacement under two situations thatpreventive replacement is within and beyond the warranty periods are comparedanalytically. Keywords: Warranty period;Practicalreplacement age;Preventive replacement age;Long-run expected cost rate.


The biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 from acetate, via two oxidative fissions of a preformed aromatic precursor, is established by the 13C n.m.r. spectra of derivatives, enriched with [2-13C]-and [1,2-13C]-acetate.


Abstract : In 2002, as part of the restructuring to improve health care delivery in the Canadian Forces (CF), the health promotion program, Strengthening the Forces (STF), was enhanced within the CF Health Services Directorate of Force Health Protection (DFHP) which included an addictions awareness and prevention (AAP) component. In March 2008, the Chief of Defense Staff (CDS) officially launched a CF Health and Physical Fitness Strategy which advocates for an addiction-free lifestyle. Based on best practices and the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion s priority action areas, the AAP section developed a comprehensive strategy in four program areas, specifically, alcohol, use of other drugs, gambling and tobacco use. Key addictions awareness and prevention activities are discussed and the current program evalution framework is presented.


[3H]hemicholinium‐3 (HC‐3) binding characteristics have been investigated using membrane binding assays and in vitro receptor autoradiography. In rat brain membrane preparations, [3H]HC‐3 binds with high affinity to an apparent single class of sites. [3H]HC‐3 selectivity labels the high affinity choline uptake (HACU) in brain membranes (HC‐3 > choline > carbamylcholine > acetylcholine). This hypothesis is also supported by quantitative autoradiographic data which demonstrate that the discrete distribution of [3H]HC‐3 binding sites correlates very well with the known distribution of other cholinergic markers such as choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), HACU, and [3H]AH‐5183 (blocker of the vesicular transport of acetylcholine). For example, high densities of labelling are observed for these different markers in the interpeduncular nucleus, anteroventral nucleus of the thalamus, striatum, basolateral nucleus of the amygdala, and an exquisite laminar distribution in the hippocampus. Similar autoradiographic distributions of [3H]HC‐3 binding sites are observed in other mammalian species such as guinea pig and monkey. Finally, 7‐day unilateral kainic acid lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nbm) decrease cortical [3H]HC‐3 binding and ChAT activity, although not to a similar extent. In summary, these results demonstrate that [3H]HC‐3 is a selective ligand of the HACU in mammalian brain. Thus, it is now possible to characterize precisely various structural components of the cholinergic synapses using markers such as [3H]HC‐3, ChAT, HACU, [3H]AH‐5183, and selective muscarinic and nicotinic receptor radioligands.


Irrigated perennial pastures supplement range forage, are useful during breeding and calving time and are suitable tor "warming -up" feeder cattle before they are placed in feed -lots. Irrigated pastures also may be used on small farms that do not have forage harvesting machinery. Some pasture grasses grow and produce well on soil too salty for other field crops. A well managed pasture helps to conserve and improve the soil.


Harmony degree of urban flood control system and society-economy system is studied in term of harmoniousness,and a set of appraisal index system about the urban flood control system,the social system and the economics system is established.Subsequently,it puts forward a model about the harmoniousness degree,then it calculates and appraises the harmoniousness degree between three systems of Anshan from 1979 to 2003.Finally,it proposes some suggestions about improvement of harmoniousness degree.


Teak ( Tectona grandis ) is a species native to the wetlands of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Currently, it is cultivated in almost all tropical regions. Teak was introduced to Brazil 80 years ago, into Mato Grosso (MT) among…


Work is sanctified to introduction of complex comparative estimation of economic efficiency of agricultural tractors. It is set that to present tense the absent is generalized complex index, that is able to estimate economic efficiency of work of machine- tractor aggregates (МТА), index, that not only grounds the rational choice of type of МТА but also provides the minimum constituent of running expenses on treatment of earth in an eventual agricultural unit cost at the market. Experience of creation on Ukraine of new tractors (tractors of ХТЗ-21021, ХТЗ-242К with HVMT) first on post-soviet space at the Kharkiv tractor plant resulted in the necessity of development of mathematical tool of design and prognostication of comparative estimation of economic efficiency of МТА on their base. An offer algorithm first allows to set new intercommunications between basic technical and economic parameters and estimation of economic efficiency of tractor (in measuring of losses a hryvnya is on the hectare of treatment of area). The worked out mathematical tool of design of estimation of economic efficiency is first tested in the format of numeral experiment for tractors with application of HVMT as ГОМТ-1С and ГОМТ-2С, worked out on the department of department of "Cars and tractors" of National Technical University "Kharkov polytechnic institute" (NTU "KhPI") for the tractors of ХТЗ-21021 and ХТЗ-242К for " Kharkov tractor plant". Is got all spectrum of kinematics, power, power descriptions of HVMT and basic technical and economic parameters on the whole machine- tractor aggregate, the width of capture of plough is optimized on the criterion of maximal output-input of HVMT ratio, the value of the productivity is found at most, minimum per hectare expense of fuel, minimum losses in hryvnyas on treatment tractor 1 hectare area. The presented mathematical tool allows in the format of numeral experiment to compare efficiency of the wheeled tractors both step hydraulic-mechanical transmissions work in composition that and of HVMT. The brought mathematical tooling over allows to get the comparative estimation of economic efficiency of different home and foreign tractors.


The utility model discloses a novel air cannon, which comprises an air storage tank. An air inlet pipe is connected with one side of the air storage tank, an air outlet flange is connected with the other side of the air storage tank through a cannon pipe, the air outlet flange is connected with an injecting pipe, and a booster pump is arranged on the air inlet pipe. After the booster pump is arranged on the air inlet, air storage pressure can be increased conveniently by starting the booster pump during use, and requirements of high-pressure use places are met. Compared with traditional air compressors adopted for boosting pressure, the novel air cannon has the advantages of being low in cost, small in volume, convenient to install and detach and favorable for moving and transporting and the like. Simultaneously, the novel air cannon adopts low temperature resisting materials, and wall thickness can be more than 5 mm, thereby enabling the novel air cannon to have the advantages of resisting low temperature and high pressure.


The s ignificance of Walt Whitman to British socialism has long been recognized: in the emerging fin de siecle labor movement, socialist peri- odicals printed articles about him and extracts from his poems; socialist orators spoke of him and quoted from Leaves of Grass ; his poems were set to music, published in labor movement songbooks, and sung at Labor Church meetings; Leaves of Grass was advertised and recommended to socialist readers alongside economic and political publications; he was even featured in a calendar of socialist saints. As M. Wynn Thomas has convincingly argued in relation to Edward Carpenter's Whitman- esque collection of poetry Towards Democracy, these can be seen as acts of "translation": Whitman's democratic vision was removed from its American context and reconstructed so that it was applicable to Britain and the socialist cause.1 For Whitman, "America" and "democracy" were "convertible terms," interchangeable conceptually and linguisti- cally.2 Clearly, British commentators did not interpret "democracy" in this way, and as Thomas observes, it was a "ver y heatedly contested term."3 Socialists were one group who incorporated it into their vocabu- lary, and in the discourses of this movement, "democracy" tended to be used either synonymously with "socialism," or to denote an overarching category which included not only socialism but other movements which worked towards creating a more equal society. In this way, W hitman, who was frequently dubbed the "poet of democracy" by contemporary critics, was seen to have a special "message" for the labor movement and could be claimed as a poet of British socialism.This essay is part of a larger research project which examines how Whitman was represented, interpreted, and used in socialist publications in the late nineteenth century. My aim is to use examples, or "speci- mens" (to use a W hitmanian term), from three periodicals to give an overview of some of the ways in which he was invoked by fin de siecle socialist journalists. It is not always easy to determine what constitutes a socialist publication; at the end of the nineteenth century, anarchism and socialism were not such distinct ideologies, and it can be difficult to pinpoint where radical liberalism ended and socialism began. For the purposes of this study I follow Deborah Mutch in defining the socialist periodical in the same way that Deian Hopkin defines the "left-wing press": as "papers that espoused socialism or one of its variants and generally regarded themselves as politically on the opposite side, so to speak, of the conventional press."4 The periodicals selected-Seed-Time, The Labour Prophet, and The Labour Leader -span a period from 1889 (when the first number of Seed-Time was published) to 1922 (when The Labour Leader became The New Leader). This gives a sense of progres- sion, showing how socialism developed and how this development had an impact on the way that socialist periodicals treated Whitman and literature more generally.These three publications were chosen according to two further criteria. First and most obviously, they had to engage with Whitman and his work. This criterion was not established in an attempt to provide a skewed notion of Whitman's importance but, rather, to show how he was appropriated when he was appropriated. The second consideration was variety, as I felt it would be fruitful to examine journals that served different socialist purposes and had different intended readerships. As the journal for the Fellowship of the New Life (a group "interested in religious thought, ethical propaganda, and social reform" that gathered around philosopher Thomas Davidson in 1883), Seed-Time is associated with what has been described as "the fons et origo of the later nineteenth- century ethical socialism of England."5 The Fellowship promoted a form of socialism that prioritized the development of the individual spirit over state reform, and individualism was not seen as being antithetical to socialism, a philosophy which has strong resonances with Whitman's cel- ebration of both the individual and the social whole. …


As a key water control project to manage and develop the Yangtze river,the Three Gorges project has profound impact on national economy,society and ecological environment. It not only has played a significant role in defending flood threat of the Yangtze river,but also has created remarkable economic benefits in power generation and river shipping since it was built. To alleviate the adverse impact caused by the operation of the Three Gorges reservoir,ecological operation practice was carried out from 2011 to 2014. In order to promote the ecological operation of the reservoir in the future,the effect of the ecological operation which was carried out during trial run period is scientifically evaluated combining the assessment conclusions of ecological impact of the Three Gorges project in design phase and the monitoring results of ecological operation target in trial run period. Finally some suggestions are put forward for the future ecological operation.


Linking Florida's Natural Heritage: Science and Citizenry is an IMLS-funded project that improves access to diverse information on Florida species and ecology. The project includes the development of a Web-based interface to both library bibliographic files and museum speciman databases; the creation of bibliographic databases with enhanced taxonomic information; the digitization of a core collection of seminal texts; and, the use of a thesaurus and other tools to improve search and access.


Cinnamon is one of the plantation spice commodities that contributes to the Indonesian economy. Indonesia is the largest exporter country in the world regarding the total export volume of cinnamon, but regarding the total value of exports, Indonesia comes in second after Sri Lanka. This study aims to analyze the comparative competitiveness of Indonesian cinnamon among major competitors in the United States' market and to analyze the factors that influence the competitiveness of Indonesian cinnamon exports in the United States. The data used in this study comprise secondary data from 2007 to 2021 obtained from various data sources. The revealed comparative advantage method was used in a comparative competitiveness analysis. Moreover, the factors that affect the competitiveness of Indonesian cinnamon exports in the United States were analyzed using the ordinary least squares method. The results of the analysis show that Indonesian cinnamon is competitive in the United States' market, but Sri Lanka's cinnamon exports have stronger competitiveness than Indonesia's in the United States' market. The results of the ordinary least squares method show that the exchange rate of the IDR (rupiah) against the USD, the volume of Indonesian cinnamon exports, the GDP per capita of the USA and the value of cinnamon exports to the USA have a significant effect on the competitiveness of Indonesian cinnamon exports to the United States.


Objective:To determine whether any changes of the patterns of colorectal cancer(CRC) in Xi'an and neighboring region have occurred.Methods:The case data of all patients with CRC diagnosed in our department from 1987 to 2006 were collected in Xi'an and neighboring region. Twenty years was divided two periods, i.e. P1 period(1987~1996)and P2 period(1997~2006). The time trend of CRC was retrospectively analyzed according to the patients' age at diagnosis, sex, site of the tumor, and pathological examination.Results:A total of 657 (5.5%) patients with CRC had been diagnosed. There was no significant difference in the detection rate and sex ratio between two periods(P0.05).The average age of patients increased significantly(P0.01). 51 to 60 years old patients in P1 period and 61~70 years old ones in P2 period owned the largest proportion, respectively, and the ratio of patients older than 60 years in P2 period was larger than that in P1 period (P0.05). The distribution of CRC showed a predominance of rectal cancer. The proportion of rectal and colon cancer in both periods had no significant difference (P0.05). The proportion of proximal colon cancer increased significantly accompanied by a significant decline in the percentage of distal colon (P0.05).The proportion of adenocarcinoma increased (P0.05), but the mucinous adenocarcinoma had no difference between two decades.Conclusion:These findings indicate that the pattern of colorectal cancer has changed in Xi'an and neighboring region. The mean age has increased significantly and a proximal shift due to the increasing proportion of proximal colon cancer has occurred in this region.


The invention belongs to the field of anticorrosive coating, and in particular, relates to a graphene/deimpurity polyaniline-containing anticorrosive coating. The anticorrosive coating is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-80% of epoxy resin, 5-15% of a graphene/deimpurity polyanilin composite material, 5-10% of a zinc powder, 5-10% of a filler, 1-10% of a coloring pigment, 0.1-3% of a dispersion agent, 0.1-3% of a wetting agent, 0.1-3% of a thickening agent, 0.1-1% of a levelling agent, 0.1-1% of a defoaming agent, 0.1-1% of a bactericide, and 1-35% of water. In the preparation process of the anticorrosive coating, polyaniline is loaded on graphene by an in-situ polymerization method, so that the dispersion of polyaniline is improved, polyaniline agglomeration is avoided, and the graphene/deimpurity polyaniline-containing anticorrosive coating is prepared.


Laboratory tests on internal erosion of cohesionless soils are often performed on cells submitted to a controlled seepage. The cell dimension depends on the grain size of tested soil and must meet the geometric and hydraulic scale requirements as regards to the modeled process. Three specimens collected from different zoned dams in Morocco were characterized for their geotechnical properties and dispersion sensitivity, and then submitted in two different cells to internal erosion (Hole Erosion Test) under controlled seepage. The erosion kinetics was measured, and soil classification was assessed as regards to the useful engineering guidelines. The results showed that specimen dimensions can affect the erosion parameters which are quite different from a cell to another. Even though the derived erosion coefficient values are different from the two testing cells, the classification of the three soils regarding the susceptibility to erosion, using engineering guidelines, indicated that the tested soils fall overall in neighboring erosion classifications. However, the soil involving the lower clay content provided the greatest resistance against internal erosion.


The spectral weights of the wave-function sidebands for a quantum well in the presence of an inhomogeneous electromagnetic (EM) field are studied by introducing a wave function with the form of a Floquet state and then solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation approximately. The two cases of radiation direction of the EM field parallel and perpendicular to the well axis are considered. We find that the inhomogeneity of the EM field may eliminate the sideband quenching. Based on the spectral weight, the transmission probability through the well is investigated. The energy-level splitting for a special case, the averaged vector potential equal to zero, is also studied.


In this article, I develop a framework that divides global value chains into regional and extra-regional and studies the participation of Latin American countries in international fragmentation of production along 25 years of globalization. Measures of depth, position, and length are developed for each kind of value chain. Between 1990 and 2015 the engagement in activities related to international trade increased in every country in Latin America and the prevalent way of integration is in Extra Regional Value Chains. While South America engages mostly in value chains as a source of value added transformed by others, Central America participates more as end of chains and Mexico switched its position to a net forward position in regional value chains. Finally, the article examines the relationship between participation and length of the domestic segment of chains, finding differences among the kind of participation that each country performs.


The Narrating Our World (NOW) program is an arts based program devised to elicit visual responses from refugee young people in order to understand how they interpret and live in their world. The program is intended to assist youth workers, teachers, school counsellors, and others working with refugee young people. The program creates activities which enable open discussion led by the interests and enthusiasm of participants. It has great potential for engaging young people and generating shared understandings. The process of understanding, connecting and communicating with young people is a first step towards meeting the needs of refugee young people. The specifics of the program allow for inclusive forms of communication with young people whose spoken English is uncertain, and who may be shy and uncomfortable speaking their thoughts in a group. It is envisioned that the NOW program will be used with refugee and non-refugee young people to discuss issues relevant to their lives with creativity, insight and fun.; ;


The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing transparent dense glasses based on metal alkoxides by the sol-gel process, comprising the steps of: / complete hydrolysis is carried out with a solution containing one or several individual metal alkoxides, in a solvent or mixture of organic solvents or alkoxides with an aqueous solution of acid pH less than 3; the reaction medium containing no complexing agent of the metal present in the or alkoxides; B / is removed or the solvent (s) organic (s) and residual alcohol, and the solution was concentrated by distillation to obtain a syrupy ground; C / soil is put in a form suitable for the intended application; D / is carried gelling and drying in air or under inert atmosphere at a temperature below 70degre C; I / The glass can be annealed in air or under inert atmosphere at a temperature below 500degre C.


In view of the problem of large-scale reduction of cultivated land in the rapid development of China's economy,this paper analyzes profoundly the causes for the reduction and expounds the theoretical basis and fundamental methods of calculation of cultivated land ecological value on the basis of adding ecologic benefit of cultivated land to the value of cultivated land.The paper also proposes to internalize the ecologic value of cultivated land and set up the economic mechanism of land protection.


The results of investigation and study on peanut collar rot in Shandong Province showed that the disease had high incidence at seedling stage in the main producing areas of peanut and mainly harmed the basal stems and branches,which had close relation with soil,climate and cultivation ways.There were usually two occurrence peak periods and the first one commonly appeared in mid-June in the main peanut producing areas.After mid and late August,with the plant senescing,the disease index increased slowly and the second occurence peak began.The field test showed that the control effects of tebuconazole+carbendazim,myclobutanil+carbendazim,thiophamate-merhyl and ovraclostrobin-metiram were 92.36%,76.74%,79.8% and 78.35% respectively.


Flufenoxuron (@ 75 and 100 g/ha) an insect growth regulator (IGR) was found more effective in con trolling Hellcoverpa armigera compared to teflubenzuron, diflubenzuron (IGRs), monocrotophos and dichlorvos. Laboratory studies also established better morphogenic effects of flufenoxuron whereas appreciable morphological deformities were not observed with other IGRs.


Surface nanobubbles were observed to survive with apparent long-term stability and small contact angles in contrast to larger microbubbles. Although the contact line pinning and hydrophobic attraction model can well explain the stability of pinned surface nanobubbles, their experimental morphology features on different surfaces are yet to be presented. With a linearized attraction potential related to surface wettability, in this work, we developed a model that distinguished the stability of nanobubbles and the instability of larger microbubbles reaching diffusive and mechanical equilibrium on homogeneous surfaces. The dynamic evolutions, stability and morphology of nanobubbles on surfaces with different wettability were investigated. Its results demonstrated that bubbles with different initial sizes and gas oversaturation would present four dynamic states: shrinkage to dissolution, shrinkage or growth to the stable equilibrium, and expansion to burst. The bubbles at stable equilibrium have typical footprint radius ranges, limited heights, and small contact angles, as measured in experiments. Furthermore, with the increase of hydrophobicity, the stable contact radius of nanobubbles becomes larger while the required degree of gas saturation is alleviated. At the same contact radius, the height and contact angle of the bubble on hydrophilic surface are larger than that on hydrophobic surface, both increasing with the growing contact radius. These theoretical predictions are consistent with experimental observations and would be meaningful to understanding the stability of surface nanobubbles.


Research on link-elasticities offers the perspective to devise lightweight robots with intrinsic safety benefits for physical human-robot interaction and fast motions with reduced energy consumption. Moreover, their force/torque sensing capabilities mimic the functionalities of animalistic whiskers, putting the robot in a position to react gently to its environment. While many works consider single elastic links or planar settings, the present work addresses the controllability problem for link-elastic robots with multiple vibration planes. The paper introduces the reader to the modal controllability and accessibility problem emerging in such systems, and proposes a novel geometric controllability index with reduced complexity. The proposed index is compared and analysed with respect to existing indexes from literature in preparation for adaptive vibration control schemes.


The study aims to verify the relationship between the managerial ability of managers and the level of earnings management by accruals (AEM) and by real activities (REM) in Brazilian companies. Data from 2013 to 2018, corresponding to 228 non-financial companies, were analyzed through regression TOBIT. The results support a positive relationship between managerial ability and earnings management practices by accruals and real activities. Specifically, more skilled managers are associated with earnings management, which reduces the quality of accounting information. The findings support the premise that more skilled managers manage financial reporting to camouflage compensation, privileges, and excessive investment in risky projects. Furthermore, it sheds light on how individual idiosyncratic differences can affect accounting reports. persistence (Demerjian et al., 2013), and earnings smoothing (Demerjian et al., 2017; Baik et al., 2019), and REM (Huang & Sun, 2017). This study extends this literature, demonstrating that managerial ability can affect REM and AEM practices. The results of this study are in agreement with those found by Demerjian et al. (2017), but they differ from what was observed by Demerjian et al. (2013).


In this study, we examine how the spatial structures of strong and moderate El Niño events have changed due to global warming using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) based on a historical run and a Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP)4.5 run. The centre of the maximum anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) in the moderate El Niño has shifted significantly westward from the historical run to the RCP4.5 run; however, this is not seen with the strong El Niño events. Further analysis indicates that the centre of the maximum anomalous SST in the moderate El Niño with a negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) phase shifted westward around the international dateline from the historical run to the RCP4.5 run. This is in contrast to the moderate El Niño, which shows a positive PDO phase. We also briefly discuss a possible mechanism on the change in the spatial structure of moderate El Niño with a negative phase of PDO from the historical run to the RCP4.5 run.


A sauce for the crab preserved in soy sauce is provided to improve taste and perfume, to increase the amount of unsaturated fatty acids and to obtaining the antioxidizing effect. A sauce for the crab preserved in soy sauce is prepared by adding 0.3-4 wt% of a garlic, 1-6 wt% of an onion, 1-15 wt% of a pear, 1-15 wt% of an apple, 0.2-5 wt% of a ginger and 0.5-7 wt% of sugar to 50-95 wt% of liquid salted fish; boiling the mixture; and cooling it.


The precursors of S_2O~(2-)_8/Fe_2O_3-SiO_2 solid acids prepared via co-precipitation method were modified by microwave hydrothermal treatment. After being impregnated in a (NH_4)_2S_2O_8 solution and calcined at a certain temperature, solid acid catalysts were formed. The samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, N_2 gas adsorption/desorption and chemical analysis. The catalytic activities of the solid acids were evaluated by esterification of acetic acid and butanol. In addition, the solid acid catalysts were compared with other (catalysts) prepared under normal conditions. The results show that adding SiO_2 retards the formation and growth of Fe_2O_3 crystals. After the precursors were modified via 250 W microwave hydrothermal treatment, the solid acids had a moderate specific area(37.1 m~(2)/g) and a narrow pore size distribution, and the sulphur content was 6.02%. The solid acid showed a high catalytic activity. At 3 h reaction time, the convertion of acetic acid reached 97.7%.


Objective: To determine the relationship between term pregnant women and the incidence of post-partum haemorrhage, duration of healing of incision/perineorhaphy wounds, fetal thrombocytopenia, APGAR value and birth weight of infants in dr. Zainal Abidin Hospital Banda Aceh. Methods: Design of research is observational analytic with a cross sectional approach. The research sample was taken by the total sampling method. The population in this study were all pregnant patients at term who came to the dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital Banda Aceh and experienced thrombocytopenia 0at a predetermined time, met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analysis data with the Pearson correlation test formula to assess the strength of the relationship between two variables. Results: Prevalence of aterm pregnant women with thrombocytopenia who visited and gave birth at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital during the study period was 1.62% from 1850 visited pregnant women. A total of 30 samples in this study, obtained a maternal outcome were postpartum haemorrhage as much as 60% (p-value 0.000). The duration of wound healing was 26.70%, (p-value 0.008). While the fetal outcomes were the incidence of neonatal thrombocytopenia 50% (p-value 0.000), nenonatal asphyxia with an APGAR value of 4-6 as much as 43.30% (p-value 0.003) and low birth weight of the baby at 36.70% (p-value 0.033). The fi ve variables obtained a positive correlation with varying strengths of the relationship. Conclusion: There is a close relationship between the incidence of thrombocytopenia at term pregnant women at delivery and fetomaternal outcomes in dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital Banda Aceh.


RIBOSOME mRNA INTERACTIONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO RECOGNITION AND BINDING OF A 5'-TERMINAL AUG START CODON by Karthik M. Krishnan Initiation is the rate-limiting step of translation and is an important regulatory step in gene expression. Translation initiation requires ribosome recognition of the mRNA's start codon followed by formation of a stable ternary complex involving initiator tRNA. Several mRNA features are recognized and contacted by the ribosome, suggesting that the ribosome may possess multiple mRNA recognition features. Studies with leaderless mRNA have shown specific contacts between a leaderless mRNA's 5'-AUG and several ribosomal proteins (r-proteins). We employed short-leadered mRNAs in order to further characterize the path of a leaderless mRNA's 5'-AUG from initial association with the ribosome to its final placement at the ribosome's decoding site (P-site). Our results suggest that Escherichia coli ribosomes can bind and inspect the 5'-terminus of all mRNAs for an AUG triplet, with close proximity of AUG to the 5'-terminus positively influencing ribosome binding and ternary initiation complex formation. Crosslinking studies showed that while 5'-AUG interactions with r-proteins S1, S3, S4, S7, S10 and S18 can occur in the absence of tRNA, movement of a 5'-AUG into the Psite requires tRNA. Addition of a nucleotide triplet upstream (i.e., a -1 triplet) to a leaderless mRNA's start codon resulted in interference with 5'-AUG interactions with the r-proteins S3, S4, S7, S10 and S18 in a sequence-specific manner while allowing retention of these mRNAs on the ribosome. Investigation of Streptomyces lividans high salt-washed (HS) ribosomes and the features of leaderless aph mRNA that are important for ribosome binding further suggest that the recognition, binding and movement of an mRNA's start codon into the ribosome's P-site involves multiple contacts and interactions between r-proteins and the mRNA. RIBOSOME mRNA INTERACTIONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO RECOGNITION AND BINDING OF A 5'-TERMINAL AUG START CODON


To the Editor.— The discouraging results in managing esophageal carcinoma stem from its propensity to late diagnosis and the difficulty in surgical therapy. A report of "Carcinoma In Situ of the Esophagus" (239:335, 1978) by Sotus et al encourages early diagnosis with suspicion for cancer in "all patients with persistent upper GI [gastrointestinal] tract symptoms." Pertinent epidemiology defines those people who harbor an even greater cancer potential. Age (older), sex (male), race (non-white), and geography1exert substantial influence on the exaggerated incidence of esophageal carcinoma. Cigaret smoking, alcohol consumption, and thermal irritation from imbibing hot foods2are all predisposing insults. Modification of these risk factors is worthwhile for those with otherwise unfavorable backgrounds. A link between carcinoma and various types of "obstructive" esophageal lesions is well confirmed. An increased incidence of carcinoma in achalasia, Barrett's esophagus, lye strictures, and the Plummer-Vinson syndrome should encourage the high index of suspicion


The introduction of 1200 V Silicon Carbide (SiC) based technologies has enabled the use of high performance LLC converters for high input voltage (>500 VDC) applications such as datacenter power conversion. In this paper, we describe performance of the magnetics for a 2 kW-level LLC converter, operating at 100 kHz with SiC devices. We present magnetics designed for high converter efficiencies (> 96%) at high-current outputs (65 A). We focus on the design considerations to minimize the leakage inductance of a center-tapped transformer with a high voltage transformation ratio. We present a variety of winding strategies and show the efficacy of a hybrid solution that combines foil windings with litz winding for the application described. We demonstrate the performance improvements through finite element simulations and measurements from several prototypes.


The SIGGRAPH interactive proceedings, a special project of SIGGRAPH directed by Dick Phillips, was demonstrated at SIGGRAPH '89. This project attempts to use multimedia technology to capture the richness and complexity of the SIGGRAPH conference experience. We already publish the conference proceedings on paper and have begun to publish transcripts of the panel proceedings. The promise of multimedia workstation technology encourages experimentation with the range of material presented at SIGGRAPH: the textual descriptions in the papers, the panel transcriptions, the mathematical material, the high-quality illustrations often in full-color, the sounds and animated video. We wanted to provide an electronic reading environment that would permit one to reach into this new form of the proceedings and pull out the mathematics so that one could manipulate it to experiment with it, to derive new results, to simulate different situations with different parameters; we wanted to take the illustrations and move the eye-point, change the lighting conditions or use the model with our algorithms; we wanted to manipulate the animations and study the effects to learn and understand what had been accomplished; and we wanted people to be able to extract useful material and incorporate it with their work. To begin, Dick Phillips worked with Mike Hawley of NeXT and the MIT Media Lab to build an application for the NeXT computer. This application built upon the capabilities demonstrated in the Librarian for searching a large corpus of textual information, the multimedia behavior of the Mail application text object for presenting illustrations and audio content and, of course, the Interface Builder for creating the control panels and behaviors. In addition, Display Postscript enhancements such as user paths were used extensively to produce high-performance animations. The content for the project came from the SIGGRAPH '88 proceedings. As panels chair for SIGGRAPH '88, Dick had the panel transcriptions in machine readable form and quickly demonstrated their use in the Librarian. A few of the technical papers were available in electronic form and were converted to the appropriate format. However, since I had all of the camera ready-copy for the past several years proceedings, we scanned the entire SIGGRAPH '88 proceedings and ran it through document recognition tools at Xerox PARC. While this was a monumental task, only a handful of the papers were incorporated in the preliminary demonstrations. A half-hour laser disk was produced from selections of video material from SIGGRAPH '88 prepared by Amie Slate, the film and video chair, and Jim Bartolomucci of Audio-Visual Headquarters. Through the encouragement of Don Greenberg, David Baraff's paper on physical modeling was also incorporated along with a laser disk containing the animated sequences. Several of the SIGGRAPH '89 cover images were also provided by cooperative authors. At SIGGRAPH'89, the prototype implementation represented the current state of our work-in-progress. The configuration diagram below reveals how we combined a variety of components to present a unified reading environment for an electronic multimedia document. A large projection display served as the display interface. A NeXT computer orchestrated it all and provided the user interface and audio output. A Macintosh with a RasterOps full-color display board provided the high-quality color iamges. A laser disk contained selections of video from the SIGGRAPH '88 conference. And all of these video image sources were switched and mixed through hardware provided by RGB Technology. At EDUCOM'89, Dick Phillips presented the SIGGRAPH interactive proceedings project to that educational conference during a demonstration session. The handout that accompanied


Abstract Objective: To propose a model for the creation of selected language practice games that will allow for multilingual families to engage in common activities in order to retain the multiculturalism factor amongst parents and their children. Methodology: Ontological considerations based on sociolinguistic models in accordance with TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) and SAMR (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition) Models. Findings: The preservation of this heritage among both children and adults can be achieved by allowing them to engage in various activities, allowing them to acquire multiple languages simultaneously and thus create a sense of national identity. Value Added: The presented methodological considerations are to be used as the basis for the creation of output results in an Erasmus+ financed project carried out at the University of Social Sciences (along with other European partners) entitled Multilingual Families Clubs: Promoting Linguistic and Cultural Heritage of Europe. Recommendations: activities for Polish multilingual speakers need to include those in the following languages: German, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarussian.


In this paper, a model for characterizing the dynamics of vector-borne diseases is put out, emphasizing Japanese encephalitis. The susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model for the host population and the susceptible-infectious (SI) model for the vector and reservoir populations are used to examine the role of host-vector-reservoir dynamics and their interplay. The standard incidence rate represents the probability of an actual disease contact. The model has two equilibrium points: an endemic equilibrium point that only exists under specific circumstances and a disease-free equilibrium point that always exists. The stability analysis of the model's equilibrium point has been established. The basic reproduction number is calculated using the next-generation matrix method. A sensitivity analysis on models supported by numerical simulations is provided to demonstrate the critical parameter that affects the spread of disease. Our findings indicate that vector-reservoir transmission is the primary cause of endemic. Controlling vector-reservoir transmission lowers the likelihood of human infection and creates disease-free settings.


It is important for successful electronic business to have a hi-quality business website. So we need an accurate and effective index system to evaluate and analyses the quality of the business website. In this paper, the evaluation index system following the 'grey box' principle is proposed which considers both efficiency of business website and performance of electronic business system. Using R-Hierarchical clustering method to extract the typical indexes from sub-indexes is theoretically proved to have a rationality and effectiveness. Finally, the evaluation method is briefly discussed.


Background Isoflurane is a widely used inhalational anesthetic in clinic.The action targets of isoflurane widely exist in the central nervous system,such as the spinal cord,brain stem,diencephalon and cortex.Isoflurane precondition can provide protection for the central nervous system.Objective To review the protective effect and possible mechanisms of the isoflurane preconditioning on central nervous system,and the characteristics compared to other inhalation drugs.Thus to provide a reference for future clinical applications and basic research.Content The protective effect and mechanisms of the isoflurane preconditioning on the brain and spinal cord were reviewed,and the protective effect of Isoflurane was compared with that of other inhalational anesthetics.Trend Isoflurane preconditioning has been widely used in clinic.Further Study of the protective effect of isoflurae precondition on brain and spinal,might provide the reference for the protection of the central nervous system.

Key words:
Isoflurane;  Preconditioning;  Central nervous


Born in Anaconda, Montana, in 1951, Wellems spent most of his childhood in New Mexico after his family moved to the outskirts of Albuquerque in 1955. "I have fond memories of the mountains, hiking and fishing with my dad, siblings, and friends," Wellems says. His father, Thomas J. Wellems, a structural engineer, had "a large influence in supporting my attraction to the sciences," he recalls.


The UK is one of the world's largest net importers of timber and timber products1. Whilst wood-based panels, including oriented strand board (OSB), wood chipboard and cement bonded particleboard and medium density fibreboard (MDF) and other fibreboard are all manufactured in UK, laminated timber products are largely import-ed. In some ways this is an advantage; there are many manufacturers of wood products and there are competing suppliers for projects. On the other hand, the UK market is reliant on suppliers from outside the country providing sales and support services and products carry the burden of high transport costs. Innovation of timber systems is essential to maintain the competiveness of timber as a construction material. With creativity and ingenuity, the use of timber will grow and the opportunities for UK growers of timber to sell their wood into a higher value market will increase. In particular, the use of timber for taller buildings and longer spans offers the opportunity to increase the market share of timber in the commercial sector of UK Construction, currently dominated by the use of steel and concrete.


In the present work we extend the traditional C4.5 decision tree method for regression and forecasting of multivariate time series. In the proposed method, time series data is first fuzzified leading to a fuzzy time series (FTS) representation of the data. A fuzzy decision tree (FDT) based on C4.5 is employed to form the knowledge base of the FTS model. The method can deal with high-order and multivariate fuzzy time series, offering an explainable model. The FDT-FTS method is tested with data from IBOVESPA stock market index, which tracks the performance of around 50 most liquid stocks traded on the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange in Brazil. The method is applied to the IBOVESPA mini future contract time series in order to forecast future values using a mix of historical values and technical analysis indicators. This method is compared with Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR), both methods implemented in the Scikit-Learn open-source library. The FDT-FTS model was implemented in Python programming language in the open-source pyFTS library. Although all three methods have similar performance, according to the MAPE, SMAPE, RMSE, NRMSE and MAE metrics, the proposed method is computationally faster and explainable.


Currently, sensor imaging simulation method can't acquire imaging results fast and intuitively, when the time and corresponding satellite orbit are given. For this reason, the method based on virtual reality was used for real-time imaging simulation of optical earth observation satellites in orbit, virtual space environment was built, in accordance with the imaging model of the sensor, the satellite sensors were mapped to the virtual space environment in order to achieve the imaging simulation of satellite in orbit, adding imaging error model, imaging simulation was completed. The experimental was done to verify the validity of the method. The experimental results show that: the real-time simulation method is speed, effective, it can provide simulation data for the research, and lay the foundation for the full link simulation of dynamic real-time remote sensing.


Introduction Keloid and hypertrophic scars are benign fibroproliferative dermal lesions developed due to overproduction of collagen at the site of an earlier skin wound. Common causes include surgery, vaccination, burns, ear piercing and acne (1). Keloids are raised fibrous scars that extend beyond the boundaries of the original wound and while not regressing, they usually relapse after surgical excision. The name comes from the Greek cheloides meaning crab's claw (2). Hypertrophic scars are similar lesions but are limited to wound edges and may regress over time. They usually appear one month after the injury while keloids may take 3 months or years to develop. Both lesions are caused by body's abnormal response to dermal damage and are related to excessive collagen deposition in three stages: 1) inflammation (first 3-10 days), 2) proliferation (next 1014 days), 3) maturation or remodeling (3 weeks to several years later). Keloids and hypertrophic scars have similar treatments, but the latter has better prognosis (3). Keloid is a rather painful mass with clear edges, rubbery texture and shiny surface and is mostly telangiectatic. Common affected places are anterior chest, shoulders, earlobes, cheeks, and the skin on joints. Patients complain about pain, itching, and hyperesthesia of the lesions and these symptoms are because of stretched scar tissue and cause discomfort for the patients. The risk of developing keloids is probable in all individuals (except for albinos), but the highest incidence rate is related to dark-skinned people (4). Treatment of scars is an old challenge and a single effective treatment has not yet been proven for it. Although many therapeutic protocols show varying Abstract Objectives: Keloids are raised fibrous scars that extend beyond the boundaries of the original wound and usually reappear after surgical excision. Hypertrophic scars are similar lesions but are limited to wound edges and may regress over time. The aim of the present study was to provide a comparative assessment of intralesional cryotherapy with 2 methods of intralesional injection of triamcinolone and 5-fluorouracil. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on Iranian Azeri patients with hypertrophic and keloid scars in Sina hospital (Tabriz-Iran) from August 2016 to May 2017. Twenty-one scars were assigned to each group. The first group received intralesional cryotherapy and the second and third groups were treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/mL) 0.2 mL/cm2 and 5-fluorouracil (50 mg/mL) 0.2 mL/cm2, respectively. Dimensions of the scars (including surface area, height and volume) were measured before and after the study. Therapies were repeated every 4 weeks and would be reapplied for 6 sessions depending on the presence of scar tissue. Results: A significant decline was found in surface area, height and volume of the scars with cryotherapy after the first session compared to other 2 methods. The decline in surface area, height and volume after the sixth session was 52.9%, 61.37%, and 78.06% respectively with steroid injection and 32.16%, 58.07%, and 60.67% with 5-FU injection. Results also showed that in terms of surface area, height and volume of the disease, there was a significant difference between steroid and 5-FU groups in the sixth session, with the results being more favorable in the former group. Side effects were permanent hypopigmentation, telangiectasia and atrophy in the steroid group; surface wound, hyperpigmentation and increased pain in the 5-FU group; and temporary hypopigmentation in the cryotherapy group. Conclusions: Results showed that intralesional cryotherapy accelerates keloid healing and has fewer side effects than other treatments.


Methods for determining the shape of the vocal tract directly from acoustic information in the speech signal are of considerable importance in speech research. This paper will review the nature of the articulatory‐to‐acoustic transformation in the vocal tract and will discuss the present status of research on methods for inverting this transformation. The discussion will include techniques such as analysis‐by‐synthesis, nonlinear regression, computer‐sorting and table look‐up procedures. The problem of ambiguous mappings, in which different vocal tract shapes have identical acoustics, will also be discussed. Mathematical procedures for systematically studying the ambiguities will be presented. It will be shown that the acoustic‐to‐articulatory relationship is multivalued for many cases of interest. For example, the frequencies and amplitudes of the first three formants do not determine the vocal tract shape uniquely; a knowledge of additional articulatory constraints on the vocal tract shape is needed to ...


Abstract. One of the key parameters constituting the basis for the
operational assessment of stormwater systems is the annual number of storm
overflows. Since uncontrolled overflows are a source of pollution washed
away from the surface of the catchment area, which leads to imbalanced
receiving waters, there is a need for their prognosis and potential
reduction. The paper presents a probabilistic model for simulating the
annual number of storm overflows. In this model, an innovative solution is
to use the logistic regression method to analyze the impact of rainfall
genesis on the functioning of a storm overflow (OV) in the example of a catchment
located in the city of Kielce (central Poland). The developed model consists of two independent elements. The first element
of the model is a synthetic precipitation generator, in which the simulation
of rainfall takes into account its genesis resulting from various processes
and phenomena occurring in the troposphere. This approach makes it possible
to account for the stochastic nature of rainfall in relation to the annual
number of events. The second element is the model of logistic regression,
which can be used to model the storm overflow resulting from the occurrence
of a single rainfall event. The paper confirmed that storm overflow can be
modeled based on data on the total rainfall and its duration. An
alternative approach was also proposed, providing the possibility of
predicting storm overflow only based on the average rainfall intensity.
Substantial simplification in the simulation of the phenomenon under study
was achieved compared with the works published in this area to date. It is
worth noting that the coefficients determined in the logit models have a
physical interpretation, and the universal character of these models
facilitates their easy adaptation to other examined catchment areas. The calculations made in the paper using the example of the examined
catchment allowed for an assessment of the influence of rainfall characteristics
(depth, intensity, and duration) of different genesis on the probability of
storm overflow. Based on the obtained results, the range of the variability
of the average rainfall intensity, which determines the storm overflow, and
the annual number of overflows resulting from the occurrence of rain of
different genesis were defined. The results are suited for the
implementation in the assessment of storm overflows only based on the
genetic type of rainfall. The results may be used to develop warning systems
in which information about the predicted rainfall genesis is an element of
the assessment of the rainwater system and its facilities. This approach is
an original solution that has not yet been considered by other researchers.
On the other hand, it represents an important simplification and an
opportunity to reduce the amount of data to be measured.


Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who attempt or complete suicide have elevated inflammation compared to nonsuicidal patients with MDD. However, greater severity of depression and the medical lethality of suicide attempts could account for such elevated inflammation in suicide attempters and suicide completers.


Abstract Using a meta-review approach organized historically in relation to critical policy incidents, this paper critically reviews the process of developing and (re) invigorating Environment and Sustainability Education (ESE) (policy) research as ESE policy engagement over a 30+ year period in a rapidly transforming society, South Africa. It offers an example of long term policy-research meta-review in a context of policy flux. It adds to a body of international ESE policy studies that are seeking to understand and develop the ESE research/policy interface as this relation emerges under more complex conditions. In particular, we respond to the finding in the systematic review of ESE policy research undertaken by Aikens, McKenzie and Vaughter (2016) which reports a geographic under-representation of Africa (amongst other places) in ESE policy studies, and González-Gaudiano (2016, 118)'s insight that ESE policy research in current neo-liberally dominated political conditions and as political process, is essentially an "open, unsteady, incomplete, and relational process". The Aikens et al. (2016) finding informed our decision to offer a substantive 'meta review' of 30+ years of ESE policy research in South Africa including approximately 150 studies, thus making this body of research more visible and available for scrutiny in the international ESE policy sphere, while also offering us an opportunity for the reflexive introspection that is advised for ESE policy studies by Van Poeck and Lysgaard (2016). The paper develops around a concept of ESE research as policy engagement oriented towards a 'politics of potentia' (Dussel, 2008), framing the ESE policy-research meta-review within a theory of politics.


Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) forms nondisulfide covalent crosslinks in proteins. Changes in activity of MTGase from Streptoverticillium mobaraense after exposure to pressure (100 to 600 MPa for 10 to 60 min, respectively) were analyzed. MTGase activity increased linearly with enzyme concentration, regardless of pressures in the range examined. The Vmax value was changed by pressure while the Km value was independent of pressure. Sodium chloride (0 to 0.86 N) apparently caused MTGase destabilization under pressure. Oscillatory pressurization (400 to 600 MPa, 25 °C, 10 min/cycle, 0 to 5 cycles) resulted in a higher degree of inactivation when pressures were greater than 500 MPa. MTGase maintained 60% of its initial activity even after pressurization at 600 MPa for 60 min, indicating that MTGase was pressure-resistant as compared to other enzymes. La transglutaminase microbienne (MTGase) forme des reticulations covalentes non disulfure dans les proteines. Les changements dans l'activite de la MTGase de Streptoverticillium mobaraense apres une exposition a des pressions de 100 a 600 MPa pendant 10 a 60mn, respectivement, sont analyses. La MGTase maintient 60% de son activite initiale meme apres un traitement a 600MPa pendant 60mn, indiquant qu'elle est resistante a la pression comparee a d'autres enzymes.


We present a theoretical study of the correspondence between quantum mechanics (QM) and electromagnetism (EM) using the transfer matrix approach (TMA). This analogy has been studied previously [1] , [2] , [3] ; here we adapt it to electromagnetic wave propagation through an isotropic metamaterial for comparison with quantum tunneling through a one-dimensional barrier. Wigner trajectory calculations for quantum mechanical tunneling have been developed previously [4] , [5] to present a method for modeling electron emission at an atomistic level and to allow for coupling to larger-scale particle-based simulations. To provide a means for computational verification and macroscopic experimental validation of these microscale simulations, we use the TMA to calculate both the QM and EM transmission and reflection coefficients, which enables direct comparison of the respective outputs.


In this paper, a stochastic model for the cooperative relaxation of proteins, based on a hierarchic structure of the interactions between amino acids is proposed. It relies on the arbitrary splitting of interactions into two classes, strong and weak, and tests the preponderance of one class over the other. The presented model generalizes a first one valid for homogeneous interactions in the protein molecules previously studied by the authors. The time evolution of the system is studied as a function of five parameters, three of which are related to the cooperativity. Moreover, different approximations of the discrete system to a diffusion process, and to a Poisson process are considered, according to the magnitude of the parameters. A method for estimating the parameters from real data is proposed. Finally, numerical simulations and a comparison with the molecular dynamics of a real protein (Barnase) are reported.


ABSTRACT Our museum-based participatory research (PR) project was a collaboration between researchers and educators in an out-of-school time STEM education program for young people that positions STEM as a tool for community social justice. This project drew on literatures on reflective practice in museums and on research-practice partnerships. Yet following existing approaches did not work for us. Aligning research and pedagogical practices, we co-created practical, reflective, and practice-based data-generation methods, calling them "embedded research practices:" context-specific, emergent methods rooted in practice that served practice and research needs and centered shared axiological commitments. Four examples are outlined. Embedded research practices echo assessment in informal learning, emphasize the interaction of research and practice, call attention to the emergent and co-created nature of PR, and serve needs for professional learning for museum educators.


Indicator Procedure Codes - 1 July 2012 , This Policy Directive outlines changes to the list of Indicator Procedure Codes (IPCs) including new IPCs, modified description to existing IPCs and IPCs to be deactivated to be used by hospitals in the management of surgical and medical waiting lists and reported under the MoH Waiting Times Collection.


The ideal traces of the veins on the middle level geologic map and profile in the geologic design are drafted by space analytic geometry. It puts the traditional graphic interpretation up to the quantitative calculated determination. It lays a foundation for the geologic design map to be automatically drafted by the computer.


The method of Sachs is used to obtain explicit expressions for the $P$- and $D$-state components of the ground-state wave functions of ${\mathrm{H}}^{3}$ and ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$, under the assumption that they have $T=\frac{1}{2}$ and ${J}^{P}={\frac{1}{2}}^{+}$. The effect of a reasonable admixture of these components on the electric charge form factors of the two nuclei is calculated, and it is found that the striking difference between the observed charge form factors cannot be accounted for in this way. It seems most likely that a combination of ${S}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-state and $T=\frac{3}{2}$-state admixture might provide an explanation of this effect without leading to disagreement with other experimental observations.


The metabolic fate of umbelliferone was studied by the quantitative analysis of urinary excrete of rabbits. The orally administered umbelliferone was converted into glucuronide (44.32%) and ethereal sulfate (19.10%) accompanying unchanged umbelliferone (20.23%). An extractor of high efficiency was designed to be employed for the continuous extraction of urinary metabolites.


The original Republican Pawnee kinship terminology collected for Lewis Henry Morgan by B. F. Lushbaugh in 1863 differs from the version of it Morgan published in several particulars. Lushbaugh's list is published here in full for the first time and makes an original contribution to Pawnee ethnography. It provides an opportunity to check on the nature of and the reasons for the changes Morgan made and to test for biases which Kronenfeld has suggested might be present in Morgan's record. It also provide an opportunity to chek several specifications which Lounsbury has reconstructed for the Pawnee. These comparisons make it possible to see why Morgan made the changes he introduced. It is also possible to see that Morgan was willing to suppress his own material when he thought that that provided by someone else was more accurate. Lushbaugh's list gives us a much firmer empirical grounding than is possible if we rely on the published version. For the most part it also supports Lounsbury's reconstructions from reciprocals ; however, with one exception, it does not support another, smaller, set of reconstructions, the purpose of which is to confirm Lounsbury's hypothesis of a FFZDD marriage prescription


Created by "The U.S. Printing Co., Russell-Morgan Print, Cin. & N.Y."
No. 4967.
Signed: Marguerita Sylva, May 25, 1941.
Forms part of: Theatrical poster collection (Library of Congress)


In this study we analyzed backscattering mechanism using a non-Gaussian correlation function, called exponential-like, for rough surface. The corresponding surface spectrum properties were investigated. It contains an excessive amount of high frequency spectral components. But unlike exponential one, it has rms slopes and allows to obtain the desired rms slopes. New insight into the physical implications of mechanism behind the backscattering behavior was obtained using the advanced integral equation model (AIEM). It is known that backscattering at large incident angles is proportional to the presence of small scale roughness or the high-frequency spectral components of the surface spectrum. Similarly, the peaking at near normal incidence is proportional to the large scale roughness or the low frequency spectral components of the surface spectrum. However, by increasing frequency while keeping the small roughness scale, scattering cannot approach the geometric optics at large angles of incidence where small roughness scales dominate scattering. There is condition where VV tends to HH returns without approaching the geometric optics limit. This is where we increase the surface rms slope. In fact, the presence of roughness scales, small or comparable to the incident wavelength, implies that the geometric optics condition is not satisfied. When there is a significant amount of backscattering in the large incident angle region, it indicates presence of high frequency spectral components in the surface spectrum. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed correlation function, comparison of backscattering coefficients between model predictions and insitu measurements was made. Well match was obtained in terms of level and angular trend.


Aim. Many authors agree to indicate some psychiatric disorders (post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSDs, and adjustment disorders) as frequent consequences of. severe road traffic accidents. Aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence, clinical and cognitive peculiarities of PTSD following road traffic accidents. Methods. A group of subjects with PTSD diagnosis founded on DSM IV criteria has been individuated in a sample of 120 subjects suffering from severe road traffic accidents (with threat to life or to one's and parental health) with consequent head injuries; subjects affected by PTSD have been evaluated with rating scales like Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Disability Scale. The sample has been divided into 2 subgroups, the first with traumatic brain injuries, the second without them, to individuate probable differences. Results. A diagnosis of PTSD has been formulated in 39 of 120 subjects (32.5%); only 14 of these (35.9%) have suffered a traumatic brain injury. The sample of subjects without a traumatic brain injury has pointed out less psychopathological symptoms. a better cognitive and global functioning pattern compared to the sample suffering a traumatic brain injury. Conclusion. Finally, it has been concluded that PTSD can occur in subjects suffering a commotive head injury too, despite this correlation has been considered by some authors like a clinical paradox.


An important problem demanding promot solution for the management department of land and resources is how to readjust and perfect China's land policy for foreign enterprises in China according to the rules of WTO. This paper expounds the evolution of China's land policy for foreign enterprises and, on the basis of current policies of land use in China, introduces the ways for foreign enterprises to obtain the right to use land. The paper also analyzes the readjustment of land use policy for foreign enterprises.


In this article, we explored the impact of the growth of e-commerce market based on the theory of economic growth and studied the difference factors between B2B and B2C in the same environment. The factors we identified are investment in ICTs, network infrastructure, globalization, urbanization and internet users. The data is collected from 2001 to 2007 in China, which is a typical developing country with great potential. We got some interesting results through empirical research. And these results have never been raised in the previous study.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between obesity and risk factors for chronic disease among Han nationality and Korean-Chinese nationality in rural area of Yanbian. METHODS Survey was carried out among 447 persons aged 50~60 years.The data were gathered by face-to-face questionnaire and the relationship among body mass index BMI and waist circumference WC with chronic disease risk factors-serum total cholesterol TC ,triglyceridaemia TG ,high density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-C , fasting blood glucose FBG ,systolic blood pressure SBP ,diastolic blood pressure DBP . RESULTS Distribution of WC female ,SBP,DBP,FBG and HDLC was significant difference among different race.There was significant difference in the relationship between the different kinds of obesity and risk factors for chronic disease. CONCLUSION It is important to adopt different kinds of prevention and treatment polices and practices for hypertension according to the different race and the different kinds of obesity.