THIS book examines the various procedures whereby indictable cases in New South Wales can currently be concluded otherwise than by a trial before a judge and jury. The author emphasises the importance to the community and to the accused of proceedings being disposed of in such a way without a trial, provided that this is consistent with the paramount need to uphold the criminal law. But he is concerned that such "non-trial" procedures lack consistency and, in some cases, fairness, and he points to the need for review and reform. Dr Bishop prepared his work as a thesis for a Doctorate of Philosophy at London University (London School of Economics), which he was subsequently awarded. It is meticulously researched with extensive references to published material. His methodology also included posing a series of questions to a selected group of judges, legal practitioners and police officers in New South Wales, of whom 70 were interviewed. The author analysed the procedures and practices which emerged, and drew his own conclusions. He identified five methods of disposal without trial: withdrawal by the prosecution in the local court; summary hearing by the magistrate (he considers this not to be a "trial", although the State Attorney General, in his foreword, disagrees); dismissal of the charge by the magistrate; the entry of a nolleprosequi after committal; and a plea of guilty by the accused.


The biological control has been considered a viable alternative and new research are carried out to improving efficiency or addition of new natural enemies. We present the record of Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing Diatraea sp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae and pupae. Diatraea sp. pupae parasitized by T. howardi were collected in the sugarcane crop in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil and has been maintained on D. saccharalis pupae in laboratory. Beyond recording this natural enemy in the field, data on parasitism of D. saccharalis larvae in laboratory by T. howardi are presented. These results indicate that T. howardi parasitize and develops into Diatraea sp. larvae and pupae and its potential biocontrol agent of this pest in the sugarcane crop should be investigated.


Objective: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of single port thoracoscopic anatomic segmentectomy in the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Methods: Clinical data of 161 consecutive patients undergoing single port thoracoscopic anatomic segmentectomy from May 2014 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were 51 male and 110 female, aged 57.76 years on average (28-85 years). The mean operation time was 130 (35-280) min. The mean intraoperative hemorrhage volume was 47.5 (5400) ml. The mean postoperative extubation time was 3.16 (1-9) d. The mean postoperative length of hospital stay was 4.63 (2-20) d. One case was switched to open surgery intraoperatively. No patient died during postoperative 30 d. Among them, 134 patients underwent simple segmentectomy, 15 receiving combined segmentectomy, 8 undergoing segmentectomy combined with lobectomy and 4 receiving sub-segmentectomy. Among them, 153 patients were diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer and 8 with benign lung diseases. The incidence of postoperative complications was 6.8% mainly including pulmonary air leakage and pulmonary infection. Conclusion: Single port thoracoscopic anatomic segmentectomy is a safe and feasible approach for lung diseases. Single port thoracoscopic anatomic segmentectomy combined with systematic lymph node dissection or sampling serves as one of the options for the treatment of early lung cancer.


The present paper sheds light on the Dalit people who are often subjected todiscrimination by the society. The root cause of this discrimination is the Caste system, whichclassifies people according to their occupation in the society. It is said to be originated from theancient Varna system, where people were categorized based on their hierarchy into five groupsand the untouchables were placed at the end of the system. People are expected to do the duty oftheir Varna and the status of each Varna has a hierarchy of spiritual texts. The people who eitherfollow or violate the norms of the Varna system came to be regarded as untouchables. Thesepeople encountered many sufferings in their life which made them speak out for their rights. Thispaper scrutinizes the desire of a Dalit Christian girl's attempt to socialize and transforms her wayof living and identity in order to get accepted by the society.Keywords: Discrimination, Identity


Although stress response maintains cell function and survival under adverse conditions, over-activation of late-stage stress-gene effectors causes dysfunction and death. Here we show that the Myelin Transcription Factors (Myt 1, 2, and 3 TFs) prevent this over-activation. Co-inactivating Myt TFs in mouse pancreatic progenitors compromised postnatal β-cell function, proliferation, and survival, preceded by upregulation of late-stage stress-response genes Activating Transcription Factors (e.g., Atf4) and Heat Shock Proteins (Hsps). Myt1 binds the putative enhancers of Atf4 and Hsps, whose over-expression in mouse β cells largely recapitulated the Myt mutant phenotypes. Moreover, Myt(MYT)-TF levels were upregulated in functional mouse and human β cells by metabolic stress but downregulated in those of type 2 diabetic islets that display ATF4 and HSP over-activation. Lastly, human MYT knockdown caused stress-gene over-activation and death in Endo-βH1 cells. These findings suggest that the Myt TFs restrict stress-response to physiologically tolerable levels in mice and human.


The main challenge of the joint project PROTECT is to unravel the specific potential of communicating systems that occur between reservoir and surface in the framework of CO2 injection, in order to assure long-term storage integrity and sensitive monitori


Abstract The current study examined patterns of association among mutuality, self-silencing, and disordered eating in an ethnically diverse sample of college women (N = 149). Partner mutuality and overall self-silencing were negatively correlated and together were associated with six disordered eating indices. All four self-silencing subscales were associated with disordered eating patterns. For example, external self-perception was associated with drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, and interoceptive awareness. Implications of the findings for college counselors are discussed.


Recently many data accumulated showing that inflammatory mediators can prevent or reduce the liver toxicity induced by xenobiotics. This is especially case for hepatotrophic cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6), which is important factor for regeneration of liver and well of toxic liver damage induced by acetaminophen (APAP, Paracetamol), CCl4 and other hepatotoxicants (Galun and Axelrod 2002). In our experiments we have shown that exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can reduce the toxicity of APAP if applied before or up to 3 hours after intoxication with (sub) lethal dose of APAP (Table 1). This effect of PGE2 can be completely blocked by specific anti- PGE2antibodies, which actually increased APAP toxicity in comparison to non-treated mice. Others (Guarner et a.l. 1988) have shown that PGI2 and pharmacology inhibition of thromboxane synthesis have hepatoprotective effect in the same model. In preliminary experiments, we recently confirmed these results, showing that the specific anti-thromboxane B2 antibodies reduce the toxic effect of APAP while anti-PGI2 antibodies increased it (unpublished results, Fig. 1). In addition, we have shown that antifungal agent ketoconazole, which has protective effect on APAP-induced toxicity, stimulates the synthesis of PGE2 and inhibits the synthesis of TxA2 in liver cells from intoxicated mice (Culo et al. 1995). Recombinant IL-1α and IL-1β , as well as IL-6, have hepatoprotective effect only if given if given before APAP (Renic et al 1993, Table 1). Protective effect of IL-1α can be cancelled by applying anti-PGE2 or anti-IL-6 antibodies, but only partially. By RT-PCR it was shown that application of APAP alone induced the expression of IL-1α and IL-6 in host liver cells, thus indicating that the synthesis of these cytokines is a part of host defense to toxic effect of APAP (Table 1). We have also shown that application of APAP greatly decreases the concentration of cAMP in their liver cells in comparison to untreated mice. Application of IL-1 before APAP reverses the level of cAMP toward normal levels ; this effect of IL-1 was inhibited by antagonist of cAMP synthesis – 2', 5'-dideoxyadenosine (DDA)(Table 1). Table 1. Main findings about effect of prostaglandins and inflammatory cytokines on APAP hepatotoxicity Agent Effect Given before (-) or after (+) APAP Reference PGI2 (stabile analog) Decrease of toxicity + 2 hours Guarner F et al. 1988. Heptology 8 ; 248-253 Thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY 1581) Decrease of toxicity + 2 hours - " - PGE2 (stabile analog) Decrease of toxicity + 2 up to 3 hours Renic M et al. 1992. Croat J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1:59-64, IL-1α Decrease of toxicity - 24 to – 0.5 hours Renic M et al. 1993. Cytokine 5:192-197 IL-1β Decrease of toxicity - 2 hours Aleksic J et al. 2006. Proceedings of 6th International Cytokine Conference, August 27-21, Vienna, Austria, ed. J. D. Schwarz-meier. Bologna: Medimond, G827C0071. IL-1Ra Increase of toxicity - 0, 5 hours - " - APAP Induce expression of IL-1α and IL-6 in liver cells - - " - IL-6 Decrease of toxicity - 2 hours Renic M et al. 1995. Period biol 97: 55 60. IL-1β and IL-6 Increase concentration cAMP in APAP-intoxicated mice Culo F, submitted Fig. 1. The influence of specific exogenously applied anti-prostanoid antibodies on survival mice intoxicated with lethal dose of APAP (300 mg/kg). Shown is mortality of in comparison to mortality in mice pretreated with saline before APAP (normalized to 100 % mortality). 12-21 mice per group ; * p  0.05. Therefore, we tested the effect the effect of stable agonist of cAMP (dibutyryl-cAMP, db-cAMP), DDA and specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase IV (rolipram) on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Db-cAMP and rolipram had significant hepatoprotective effect (db-cAMP also if given up to 2 hours after APAP), as was shown by increased survival and decrement of serum aminotransferase levels, while DDA significantly increased serum aminotransferase levels (Figure 2). Since it is known that PGE2 and PGI2 increase the synthesis of cAMP in many cells, the increase of cAMP in liver cells might be common pathway for protective effect of these prostaglandins and inflammatory cytokines against APAP toxicity. Presently, we are investigating the intracellular pathways of protective effect of cAMP, particularly the role of PKA, NF-κ B and Stat3 protein in this process. Fig. 2. The concentration of serum aminotransferases in mice pretreated with cAMP analog (db-cAMP), inhibitor of adenylate cyclase (DDA) or inhibitor of phosphodiesterase IV (rolipram). Shown are the values of AST and ALT (U/L) as a percent of values obtained in group of mice given saline before APAP. Asterisks denote the significance to group treated saline: * p  0.05 ; ** p  0.01.


Fever and difficulty in breathing in a child are common symptoms encountered in routine practice. Often, the underlying cause will be infectious etiology due to bacterial, viral, or tuberculous. However, a malignancy of the paraspinal soft tissue region mimicking infectious disease clinically in a child is challenging to diagnose and treat. Here, we report the Askin's tumor of the chest wall diagnosed in a child presented with fever, worsening dyspnea, and unilateral lung whiteout on a chest radiograph to insist on the importance of extensive and earlier evaluation even for common clinical symptoms.


Few sociologists can afford to ignore Peter Berger, and theologians only do so at their cost. Berger's contributions to both the sociology of knowledge and the sociology of religion are important and widely influential. However, I think he would be the first to admit that his specifically theological contributions are more tentative and exploratory. Professor Cairns ably shows that in fact Berger's theological ideas have shifted considerably over the last decade. From a highly Barthian position, distinguishing rigidly between 'religion' and Christianity, he has now almost become a natural theologian, appealing to 'signals of transcendence' within the experience of everyone, whether Christian or not.


We hypothesized alterations in gene expression could identify important pathways involved in transplant lung injury. Broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was sampled from donors prior to procurement and in recipients within an hour of reperfusion as part of the NIAID Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation Study. Twenty‐three patients with Grade 3 primary graft dysfunction (PGD) were frequency matched with controls based on donor age and recipient diagnosis. RNA was analyzed using the Human Gene 1.0 ST array. Normalized mRNA expression was transformed and differences between donor and postreperfusion values were ranked then tested using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Three‐hundred sixty‐two gene sets were upregulated, with eight meeting significance (familywise‐error rate, FWER p‐value <0.05), including the NOD‐like receptor inflammasome (NLR; p < 0.001), toll‐like receptors (TLR; p < 0.001), IL‐1 receptor (p = 0.001), myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (p = 0.001), NFkB activation by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (p = 0.001), TLR4 (p = 0.008) and TLR 9 (p = 0.018). The top five ranked individual transcripts from these pathways based on rank metric score are predominantly present in the NLR and TLR pathways, including IL1β (1.162), NLRP3 (1.135), IL1α (0.952), IL6 (0.931) and CCL4 (0.842). Gene set enrichment analyses implicate inflammasome–mediated and innate immune signaling pathways as key mediators of the development of PGD in lung transplant patients.


Significance
 Brazilian infrastructure requires urgent investment. Fiscal constraints are strengthening the government's inclination towards privatisation and concession plans. As part of the Investment Partnerships Programme (PPI), auctions regarding operation and administration of airports, ports and railways in the country have attracted foreign investors and exceeded the government's initial targets.

 Impacts
 Sluggish infrastructure investment will affect daily life in large cities and hinder long-term export competitiveness.
 Political turbulence may undermine foreign investors' interest in Brazil.
 New rounds of infrastructure auctions will partially offset low public investment.


In this paper, we have prepared ZrO/sub 2/ and lanthanide oxide thin films by PLD (Pulsed Laser Deposition) method and characterized these electrical properties by using C-V and J-V characteristics and these interfacial properties by using PR spectroscopy.


Superfamily of Cynipoidea are one of biggest superfamily wasps in the world.In this study fauna of Cynipoidea super family wasps (Hymenoptera) were examined and identified in Sistan(Sistan and Balouchestan Province). Samples carried out during years 2010-2011. All samples were performed
by two methods net sweeping and Malaise trap. Eighty samples were collected during sampling. Samples wer separated from each other based on morphological characteristics. For the separation of samples was photographed from different parts ofthe body. During this study seven species from six genus from four sub family includes Aspicerinae, Figitinae, Cynipinae and Charipinae were introduced in Sistan. From subfamily Figitinae, two species of Melanips,from subfamily Figitinae species Aspicera abbreviata Belizin 1952 and Callaspidia aberrans Kieffer, 1901 and from subfamily Charipinae species: Alloxysta brevis Thomson, 1862. Genus Isocolus and species Saphronecrus irani are members of the subfamily Cynipinae. Also species Callaspidia aberrans Kieffer wasrecord
for first time from Iran.


The hyperfine structures of the EO + g (3 P 2) and of the (3 P 2) ion pair states of I2 were resolved in a two step excitation scheme using two single frequency lasers. For the E state the hyperfine coupling constants were derived for the v = 10, 11, and 16 vibrational levels. For the 1 g state, the v = 16 vibrational level was investigated. Molecular parameters of the nuclear electric quadrupole interaction, the magnetic dipole interaction and crossed second order contributions of the magnetic dipole and rotational interactions are deduced and interpreted within the separated atoms model.


Series arc fault is one of the main causes of electrical fire. In a three-phase motor with inverter circuit, it is difficult to accurately identify series arc fault occurred in the lines at the back of the inverter, especially when the power supply contains complicated harmonics. To solve this problem, a new feature extraction method of the series arc fault based on the current signal measured at the front of the inverter (CSMFI) was proposed. The series arc fault experiments under different harmonic power supply conditions were carried out in the three-phase motor with inverter circuit. Five-layer decomposition was performed on the CSMFI by using empirical wavelet transform. The attractor track matrix (ATM) of each decomposed signal was established. The fault features of the series arc fault were obtained by calculating and selecting the singular values of the ATM. The series arc fault was identified by using an optimized support vector machine. The effectiveness of the method and its applicability under different experimental conditions were tested. The method can simultaneously identify the series arc fault occurred in the lines at the front or back of the inverter by analyzing the CSMFI. It also has strong anti-interference ability.


Flour is the main energy source for human and an important ingredient in food processing, for example to be used as fillers, thickeners, gel, film forming and adhesive. This research aims to analyze the characteristics of physicochemical properties and assess the potential utilization of palado flour (Aglaia sp) based on its characteristics. The research method employed two steps, namely the introduction research, which included the processing of palado fruits into palado seeds, drying, and flour extraction, and the main research, which included proximate analysis of palado seed (Aglaia sp) flour and analysis of the characteristics of the physicochemical properties of palado seed (Aglaia sp) flour. The results of the proximate analysis and the analysis of physicochemical characteristics of palado flour show that it contains 396.14 kcal/100 g energy, 69.78% carbohydrates, 7.53% water content, 9.59% protein, 8.74% fat, 4.02 % dietary fiber, 4.36% ash, 41.31% starch content, 5.68% amylose content and 35.63% amylopectin content. In addition, it has 84.21% yield with a particle size of 60 mesh, 29.27% whiteness degree 29.7%, paste clarity, 109.96 gf gel strength 0.4% swelling power and 133.72% water absorbtion. This indicates that palado flour and starch as the main raw materials in food processing is highly potential to be developed.


One important factor for the realization of effective farmer groups is the leadership of the group. The role of leaders is important in finding alternative problem solving to ensure order in a group. So the leadership of the board and its relationship to the effectiveness of farmer groups is important to be studied. The purpose of this study is to know the relationship between leadership of the board with the effectiveness of farmers group in Malingping District, Lebak Regency, Banten Province. The method used in this study is survey and sample design with number source of information of 102 people. The data is analyzed using Rank Spearman correlation and group analysis unit. The results of the study are: 1) there is a relationship between self-confidence and relevant knowledge about work with the effectiveness of farmers group, and 2) there is a relationship between task orientation and relationship orientation with the level of the group members' satisfaction.


The digestibility of the diet of cattle on the Bogong High Plains, in Victoria, was above 70% from the beginning of the grazing season in December 1982 until mid-March 1983, then fell to 63.5% at the end of the season in late March. Nitrogen content declined steadily from 1.60% to 0.99% in shrubland, 1.40% to 0.93% in grassland, 1.28% to 0.85% in mossbeds. The management implications are discussed.


An existing approach for the spectral-domain analysis of planar circuits in layered media based on piecewise-sinusoidal current expansion functions over rectangular elements which are located parallel or perpendicular to each other is expanded to a wider class of geometric shapes. In a first step the rectangular cells are allowed to be arbitrarily directed in the plane of the circuit. In a second step triangular elements are used to combine arbitrary rectangular cells. Two kinds of current expansion functions with different computational effort are applied to the triangular and its two adjacent rectangular elements. Numerical results are presented. >


Recent years have witnessed a continuing growth of developments in
knowledge management systems to capture the information flows within
organisations and tum them into exploitable management databases.
Examples to this are such as the Total Quality Management and the Business
Process Reengineedng models. There is no doubt, that during the last few
years there has been a broad interest of exploiting knowledge. However,
traditional Knowledge Management (KM) systems and frameworks do not
necessarily take into account the specific nature of the telecommunication
industry, particularly those related to capturing, sharing and exploiting
unconventional data flows that occur between the personnel on the move
such as technicians and engineers. Thus, a large amount of these data is lost
and will never be able to benefit the organisation or its employees in any
way.
Therefore, this research addresses the development of a new KM framework
to fill in this gap and provide the telecommunication organisations in general
and the General Post and Telecommunication Company(GPITC) in Ubya in
particular with a solid base where bulk and rough data will become
exploitable and manageable in a concise and intelligent way.
The main questions being posed by this research are as follow:
Could the Existing Knowledge Management Systems help the GPTC in
Libya in particular and the telecommunication industry in general to
better manage their data flows and turn them into an exploitable
knowledge base? and How a strategic Knowledge Management Framework (KMF) could
contribute to establishing adequate guidelines and policies in such
telecommunicatioenn vironment?
In this regard, the investigations in this research will stress on the
Identification of the broad range of issues that are preventing the adoption of
KM systems within the GPTC or any given telecommunication organisation
rather than trying to focus on a specific and unique question about the
exploitation of KM. This approach is justified by the fact that no specific KMS
appear to be developed for such Industry. Furthermore, the various
parameters are described under this common framework which is expected
to benefit the telecommunication sector as a whole.


We utilize a stochastic volatility model to analyse the possible effects of inflation targeting on the trade-off between output gap variability and inflation variability. We find that the adoption of inflation targets (in New Zealand, Australia, Canada, the UK, Sweden and Finland) might result in a more favourable monetary policy trade-off (except in Australia and Finland). This conclusion is reached by comparing, first, the economic performance of targeting countries in the 1980s and the 1990s; and second, the economic performance in the 1990s of targeting and non-targeting countries (the USA, Japan, Switzerland, Germany, France and the Netherlands). We focus on two possible explanations for the performance of the inflation-targeting regime: the relatively high degree of monetary policy transparency, and the presence of a flexible institutional framework. Copyright 2002 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd and The Victoria University of Manchester


A review with 31 references is given on the clinical significance of selenium and organselenium compounds in preventing and treating heart vessel disease,cancer and some other diseases.And some organoselenium compounds,which have physciological activity are introduced.


The present Master's final dissertation sets out the implementation of Collaborative
Learning (CL) through ICT in a secondary school third-year class of Mathematics oriented
to Academic Teaching.
Traditional master classes are giving way to the implementation of new active and
participatory methodologies that set the student at the center of the learning process in
order to achieve an improvement in educational standards.
CL consists of a learning strategy in which the teacher acts as a guide in the students'
learning process, providing them the required tools and resources to achieve the learning
goals. During this process, students get to acquire and perform a series of skills that
complement them significantly in their personal development. Interaction with schoolmates
plays an important role in CL.
The main idea of this intervention proposal focuses on designing a didactic unit supported
by a list of activities that are developed through CL. The decoration of the architectural
complex of the Alhambra serves as a reference for carrying out these activities. The
intention is for students to not only acquire the specific contents of geometry but to also be
aware of the application of geometry in the real world.
Achieving optimal results with the implementation of CL as a teaching strategy in the
classroom requires an adequate teacher training so they can guide students towards
knowledge. The support that teachers receive from their own educational centers provides
the necessary push for these CL strategies to achieve their objectives.


Palabras clave: Tumores de mandibula, osteoblastoma agresivo, osteocalcina, reseccion tumoral en bloque. SUMMARY Introduction. Osteoblastoma is an infrequent tumor, constituting 1% of primary bone tumors and its occurrence in the maxillofa- cial region constitutes is equally unusual. Correct diagnosis is difficult, since it bears clinical, radiologic and histological similarities with other bone lesions. Clinical case. Eleven year old boy with two month of an inflammatory progressive increase tumor located on left inferior body max- illar bone. The histological study shown that it was a tumoral epiteliod osteoblastic lesion with positive osteocalcine immunoreactiv- ity. It was extirpated and after two years of following in the outpatient clinic there is not signs evidence of disease. Discussion. Agressive osteoblastoma is an infrequent bone neoplasm, constituted mainly by epitelioid cells. Recommended treatment is surgical en-block resection. Conclusion. Aggressive Osteoblastoma is a very infrequent bone tumor. Therefore, the clinician must be well trained in order to es- tablish an early an accurate diagnosis and indicate an adequate and opportune treatment.


The existence of unbounded nonnegative solutions of a boundary value problem for nth-order differential equations defined on an infinite interval is obtained by means of the Monch fixed-point theorem. An example is then presented to demonstrate the application of our results.


Oscar Wilde - law, memory and the proper name, Leslie J. Moran institutionalizing heterosexuality - the legal exclusion of "impossible" (trans)sexualities, Andrew N. Sharpe "Gemeinschaftsfremden" - or how to be shafted by your friends - sterilization requirements and legal status recognition for the transexual, Stephen Whittle the lesbian mother - questions of gender and sexual identity, Sarah Beresford the possibility of a registered partnership under German law, Judith Rauhofer law, childhood innocence and sexuality, Craig Lind beyond Section 28 - law, governance and sex education, Daniel Monk what's in a name - naming legal needs in AIDS service organizations, Petra Wilson the Netherlands - frontrunners in anti-discrimination laws, Martin Moerings gay and lesbian sexualities in South Africa - from outlawed to constitutionally protected, Ronald Louw piecemeal to equality - Scottish gay law reform past, present and future, Brian Dempsey intimate queer celluloid - heavenly creatures and criminal law, Elena Loizidou queering theory - an essay on the conceit of revolution in law, Larry Cata Backer.


We investigated the relationships between the biological traits of macroinvertebrates and the environmental characteristics of 13 peatbogs of the Puna and High Andean ecoregions. We recorded the abundance of aquatic macroinvertebrates and 8 focal biological traits (maximum size, body shape, body flexibility, exoskeleton hardness, type of respiration, locomotion, functional feeding group, and specific adaptations to flow constraint). At each sampling point within each bog we measured elevation as well as different physical-chemical characteristics of the water. We used RLQ analysis, which links environmental features (R) with biological traits (Q) through taxon abundances (L). Water temperature, specific conductivity, and flow were most strongly associated with variation in invertebrate traits among the bogs. We developed a graphic model of the habitat templet that accounts for how these environmental factors shape the observed diversity of traits. We expect organisms to have different traits depending on where their habitat falls on the habitat templet. By delineating the nature of the relationship between traits and habitat features, this paper provides the basics for understanding functional aspects of peatbogs such as resource uses in the context of operating ecological filters.


In this paper, the elasto-plastic dynamic analysis on dynamic failure behaviors of a steel double-layer hexagon grid used in a swimming gymnasium with the function of earthquake victim shelter under disaster earthquake is carried out under EL-centro wave with SAP2000, and the appraisal results on their anti-failure performances are presented under strong earthquake action based on the plastic-hinge theory. In the analyses, the geometric and material nonlinear effects are considered simultaneously based on the plastic-hinge theory. The plastic development level of the rod, the deformed shape and the failure type and the ductility are estimated by plastic hinge principle. The results show that the failure model of the structure under the earthquake wave action is elasto-plastic dynamic buckling of the structure. When the structure reached its failure critical limit, the development of the plastic hinges is not sufficient and only 11.1% of the rods enter into their plastic stage; The ratio of its maximal failure node vertical displacement and its short span is 1/171, which can meet the need for flexible non-structural attachment; Its critical failure peak acceleration of EL earthquake wave when applied in the combination of three directions is 790gal, which is 1.975 times more than the official seismic fortification level of 8 degree (major earthquake, 400gal) and can be served as earthquake victims shelter in the area of 8 degree seismic fortification; Its displacement ductility coefficient is 1.6,which shows the structure owns good energy dissipation capacity.


Climate change may impact the economic viability of farms, ranches and agricultural communities in multiple ways. Climate change will likely increase evaporation and water loss from plants, thereby increasing drought severity while also creating the potential for more frequent droughts (Karl et al., 2009). Drought impacts in the West will likely be amplified as declines in mountain snowpack affect runoff, water storage, and irrigation. Increased pest outbreaks, disease, and extreme weather will also pose critical challenges for crop and livestock production (Karl et al. 2009).


to be so considered. As "ministry" or "church" it is too concrete. As "offices" it is too abstract. The integration and professional specialization which are the concern of this area probably need to be cared for within the curriculum in some manner which designates their distinction from the "fields" and which also enables it to be made perfectly clear that both a comprehension of the concrete totality of church and the attainment of professional excellence in any office is dependent upon well-developed understandings in all other areas of theological study. Whatever the faculty organization that can take care of the character of this aspect of the practical area, it is not a field in the traditional sense. Perhaps it needs to be some sort of committee which, while it is centered in the concern for the unity and professional quality of church practice, has roots also in each of the other aspects of the theological curriculum. 300 This content downloaded from 188.8.131.52 on Thu, 15 Sep 2016 06:02:08 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


We have previously demonstrated a significant antifibrillatory effect of α-adrenergic blockade during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion, enhanced α-adrenergic responsivity and increased α1-adrenergic receptors in ischaemic myocardium. β-adrenergic blockade is also antiarrhythmic in ischaemic hearts and may decrease the ultimate area of necrotic tissue after infarction. The present study was performed to assess the relative β- and α-adrenergic blocking potency of labetalol in the chloralose anaesthetised cat and correlate this to its antiarrhythmic efficacy during LAD coronary occlusion for 35 min followed by reperfusion. Based on the dose ratio10 (DR10) for isoprenaline-induced tachycardia (β) and phenylephrine-induced increase in mean systemic arterial pressure (α), labetalol was 3.1 times less potent than d,l-propranolol (β) and 6.5 times less potent than phentolamine (α). Labetalol was found to be 11.5 times more potent as a β-adrenergic blocking agent than as an α-adrenergic blocking agent. Labetalol (1 mg·kg−1) failed significantly to reduce either the number of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) or incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) during occlusion (827± 150 to 852±246 PVCs and 31% to 20% VF) or reperfusion. In contrast, labetalol at 2 mg·kg−1 and 5 mg·kg−1 significantly (P<0.05) reduced the number of PVCs during occlusion (320±94 and 466± 137, respectively) as well as the incidence of VF (9% and 7%, respectively). During, reperfusion, labetalol (5 mg·kg−1) failed to reduce the number of PVCs but abolished mortality due to VF. The antifibrillatory effect of labetalol was not due to alterations in systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, LVEDP, cardiac output, stroke work or total peripheral resistance. Thus, labetalol, an agent well-tolerated clinically, induces profound antiarrhythmic effectiveness during both experimental myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion and may prove to be an effective agent in the prevention and treatment of malignant ventricular dysrhythmia associated with acute myocardial infarction in man.


This study was conducted to investigate the cause of microbiological contaminants in aseptic chocolate milk and evaluate the effect of a physicochemical treatment on the growth inhibition of isolated bacterial strains. The bacterium isolated from aseptic chocolate milk was identified as Bacillus lentus and was named B. lentus M1. In the heat and pH treatment, the growth of B. lentus was inhibited at 110℃ for >15 min and at pH's <5 and >10. An electrolyzed water treatment against B. lentus M1, revealed 5 ㎜ growth past the inhibition zone. The effect of ozone gas on B. lentus M1 growth was evaluated using viable cell counts. When the initial number of B. lentus M1 was 10² and 10³ CFU, the bacteria were completely suppressed by ozone gas treatment for 10 and 30 min, respectively. In a microwave treatment, B. lentus M1 was sterilized following microwave treatment for 1 min. As the result of γ-irradiation against B. lentus M1, numbers decreased as the γ-irradiation dosage increased. These results show the growth inhibition effects against contaminants in aseptic chocolate milk using physicochemical treatments.


Through the study of the slab continuous casting production process and laboratory simulation, the mechanism of transverse corner cracks on a micro-alloyed high-strength steel slab was explored. Then, a chamfered mold was developed and tested on the caster. The results show that on one hand, the chamfered mold could raise the temperature of the corner in the mold, and on the other hand, the higher temperature of the corner of the slab was an effective way to decrease the corner stress at the straightening point. The straightening deformation rate on the chamfered slab was lower than that on the square slab. Using the large chamfer mold technology, the optimization design of the foot roll structure and second cooling, the transverse corner crack was improved effectively. The hot transporting ratio was increased without the cutting angle.


Firstly, I introduced the history of the Cannes Films Festival. And I did the Korean films appeared in the Cannes Films Festival. Mr. Geun-Tek Lim the director of the "Chihasun" has obtained the prize for the best director in 2002. Mrs. Do-Yeon Jun of 'Milyang'(Secret Sunshine) has obtained the prize for the best actress in 2007. I am interested in the film 'Milyang' and in it's message, salvation and forgiveness. The heroine of 'Milyang' Sinae became christian after the death of her son and her husband. And she met the murderer of her son to forgive him. But he also became christian in the prison. He told her that he had been forgiven by the belief on Jesus. Sinae was so angry at the cruel God and she was mad in revolt aginst God. It is very difficult to forgive the enemy. It is impossible to do it without the God's love. I saw the misunderstanding of the director Chang-Dong Lee about the christianism in this film. I hope that I could transfer correctly the message of the christianism.


A reverberation chamber is a convenient tool for over-the-air testing of MIMO devices in isotropic environments. Isotropy is typically achieved in the chamber through the use of a mode stirrer and a turntable on which the device under test (DUT) rides. The quality of the isotropic environment depends on the number of plane waves produced by the chamber and on their spatial distribution. This paper investigates how the required sampling rate for the DUT pattern is related to the plane-wave density threshold in the isotropic environment required to accurately compute antenna correlations. Once the plane-wave density is above the threshold, the antenna correlation obtained through isotropic experiments agrees with the antenna correlation obtained from the classical definition, as has been proven theoretically. This fact is verified for the good, nominal, and bad reference antennas produced by CTIA. MIMO channel capacity simulations are performed with a standard base station model and the DUT placed in a single-tap plane-wave reverberation chamber model. The capacity curves obtained with the good, nominal, and bad reference antennas are clearly distinguishable.


The spectrum leakage always consist in the analysis of dynamic accuracy of Analog-to-digital converter by FFT,There are many means to solve it.This arctical mainly introduce a method,linear interpolation,to reduce spectrum leakage in FFT test,and compare it to other methods.


This essay describes some of the legendary accomplishments of the Netherlands football team in the World Cup and other international tournaments. It focuses on the Dutch teams led by Johan Cruyff and affectionately known as 'The Clockwork Orange' because they introduced a modern style of play with precision passing that was referred to as 'total football'. The Netherlands advanced to the World Cup final in 1974 and 1978, only to lose the championship each time. The study also explores the role of the Dutch coach Rinus Michels and some of Cruyff's teammates such as Johan Neeskens and Rob Rensenbrink. Looking at the Netherlands' performances in the European championships and World Cups in the last three decades, the essay attempts to bring out the transformations in Dutch football in post-Cruyff age. Finally, it discusses the team's rabid and energized fan base, and the ambush marketing scandal that took place during the 2010 World Cup.


Emergency department (ED) is a complex system that falls under the category of acute healthcare institutions where health services are provided intensively regardless of the unknowingness of the severity of the medical cases and their spontaneous arrivals. Accordingly, developing a simulation model that exhibits the incurred interactions in ED will lend a hand in supporting the management of the ED in dealing with all those uncertainties. The model performs as a decision-making tool addressing the randomness nature of such an environment. Agent-based modeling simulation was preferred to model the interaction of ED elements using a computer language called Netlogo. And this selection was agreed upon after considering several literature reviews. The ED of Sultan Qaboos University Hospital was monitored, and the medical staff was also interviewed too to gain the required information to build up the model. A conceptual model of the ED was formulated Then, a simulation model was developed.


The high price of cooking oil in Indonesia has been in the spotlight from the fourth quarter of 2021 until the beginning of the first quarter of 2022. The scarcity and very high spike in oil prices of course attract the attention of almost all countries in the world. world, both oil-producing (exporting) countries and consuming (importing) countries. From these problems, farmers need to play an important role in overcoming the scarcity and rising prices of cooking oil through the use of coconut oil. This research activity aims to 1) explore the creativity and innovation of farmers to make coconut-processed products, 2) find out farmers' understanding of VCO processing that can provide economic and health impacts- 3) Describe the role of farmers in making Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) using technology and technology. local potential in overcoming scarcity and rising cooking oil prices. The manufacture of virgin coconut oil has many advantages. It does not require expensive costs because raw materials are easily obtained at low prices. Processing is simple and not too complicated. Nutrients are maintained, especially the fatty acids in the oil. When compared to cooking oil (copra coconut oil), pure coconut oil has better quality.


Objective: Determine whether the acoustic characteristics of snoring sounds differed between 30 simple male adult snorers (group A) and 30 healthy adult male subject (group B) by using a multidimensional voice program (MDVP), which is a commonly used computer program that analyzes various aspects of voice. Method: Group A patients presented a Friedman tongue position grade I, tonsil size 2 to 3, a body mass index of 15. Phonetically balanced sentences and sustained vowels a, e, and i were digitally recorded with the MDVP; evaluation of voice handicap index (VHI) was done too. Results: Compared with control group, in group A: the acoustic parameters presented a statistically significantly higher value (P < .05) of fundamental frequency (158.2 Hz vs 120.2 Hz), jitter (2.03 % vs 0.66 %), shimmer (6.54 % vs 3.77 %), NHR (0.24 vs 0.11), SPI (13.7 vs 8.71), DVB (2.23 % vs 0.12 %), DUV (9.31 % vs 0.54 %) and vAm (22.09 % vs 11.13 %), according to the degree of hearing loss; VHI had a mean value of 66 (vs 37 of group B). Conclusion: The study indicates that snoring affects voice production by changing its acoustic parameters. A voice analysis program MDVP can be used for snoring sound analysis as a noninvasive procedure for examination of sleep-related breathing disorders.


Educed during the questionnaire of students of medical college the problem of tolerant attitude toward senescent people and old age was fixed in basis of the special program sent to development of tolerance of students of medical college.


In this article we present three properties that will improve the performance of branch-and-bound algorithms for fixed-cost transportation problems. By applying Lagrangian relaxation we show that one can develop stronger up and down penalties than those traditionally used and also develop a strengthened penalty for nonbasic variables. We also show that it is possible to "look ahead" of a particular node and determine the solution at the next node without actually calculating it. We present computational evidence by comparing our developments with existing procedures.


This paper describes the results of a five-year project to develop an effective structure of delivery that engenders confidence in teachers new to drama.


In certain, infrequently occurring, favorable circumstances the ants P. rufescens can display patterns of behavior which seem to be disappearing as a result of their parasitic way of life: the ability to food themselves, independently though ineffectively, elements of the offspring-protection behavior, transporting of nestmates, escape reaction. Similar events reinforce the infrequently used, latent reflexes, preventing their complete extinction. It is supposed that the characteristic in conventional parasitism disappearance of certain elements of behavior is inhibited by a social way of life. It may also be true of other, non-insect communities.


A decision model for book acquisitions has been developed to simulate the intellectual processes used in acquiring these materials in academic libraries. It consists of a flow chart, weighted inputs and an equation, which when solved indicates whether a library should add the title to its collection, refer it to a cooperative group, defer the decision or drop it altogether. Inputs to the model need further study and development, but the model is a step in defining and quantifying the decision process.


We give a short overview of recent activities in the field of tra ffic synchronization. Tra ffic synchronization is concerned with the tactical management of queues, both on the ground and in the air, in order to establish and maintain a safe, orderly and e fficient flow of air traffic. We describe the major applications for tra ffic synchronization in Japanese airspace: arrival synchronization to Haneda airport an d coordination between several departure airports. Finally, we briefly summarize our own results, namely the quantification and interpretation of metering delays by stochastic queueing models and the trade-o ff between low altitude (fuel ine fficient) high altitude (fuel e fficient) delay


By 2021, all new buildings in the European Union must be nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) to contribute to the achievement of the EU-CO2 neutrality by 2050. As the technical options to achieve highly-efficient building envelopes are available and well-known, there is no doubt that the most promising Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems will include heat pumps and photovoltaic panels. However, there exist ongoing discussions on the optimal system layout and the integration of storage to achieve nZEB. In particular, there are some good arguments in favour of very low demand, while contrariwise also high flexibility is seen as an important feature to enable so-called grid-reactive operation of the building stock. Integration of onsite storage and its influence on the energy demand of the buildings and the corresponding electric load profile with focus on peak power is investigated. Introduction Nearly Zero Energy Buildings and flexibility By 2021, all new buildings in the European Union must be nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) to contribute to the achievement of the EU-CO2 neutrality by 2050. According to EPBD, an nZEB is a nearly zero-energy building, with a very low energy demand due to efficiency measures that include efficient HVAC technology (e.g. Heat Pump-HP) and utilization of Renewables (RE) to meet the very low demand to a considerable extent. The Net zero-energy Building (NZEB) is better known outside Europe. A NZEB can be realized as a "grid-connected building that on annual basis generates the same amount of energy from on-site RE energy sources as it consumes" (IEA SHC T40 / HPT A40). This work aims to show for the investigated virtual case in Tyrol (Austria) as an example, the potential of integrating passive and active solar technology and the role of onsite storage. A methodology was developed to analyse and compare different solutions with a special focus on HP integrated with RE in nZEB buildings. While previous studies focused on the micro-economic aspect, this work investigates the influence of onsite storage on a macro-economic scale. It is important to determine the reduction of the grid electricity demand and the PV excess electricity depending on the sizing of the (thermal and/or electric) storage. The Cost-optimal nZEB HVAC configurations with onsite storage FABIAN OCHS Dr.-Ing. Energy Efficient Building, University of Innsbruck, Austria * Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com MARA MAGNI M.Sc., Ph.D. student Energy Efficient Building, University of Innsbruck, Austria ALICE TOSATTO M.Sc. Energy Efficient Building, University of Innsbruck, Austria For more information about the authors, please see the end of this article, or the html version at rehva.eu REHVA Journal – April 2021 46 Articles


Context. Introduced by Martin-Löf [5], type theory is both a programming language and a logical system. The central ingredient is the use of dependent types – i.e. types that depend on a value such as lists of a given length – to allow fine-grained invariants to be expressed in program types. Almost concurrently, Girard developed Linear Logic [1] as a refinement of intuitionistic (and classical) logic. Stemming from a detailed study of the semantics of lambda-calculus [2], linear logic allows for a logical treatment of linearity of programs through the Curry-Howard correspondence. Although both established and extensively studied for more than 25 years, very few results have been obtained at the intersection between those two theories. In fact, despite several work tackling the issue, it is still an open and actively-studied problem to understand how to manage both linearity and dependence in a sole syntactic system [4, 6].


Based on the negative feedback and lumped parameter matching technologies,a microwave ultra-wideband(UWB) low-noise amplifier(LNA) is designed,simulated and optimized through the ADS with the VMMK-1218 low-noise E-PHEMT transistor adopted.The simulation results show that the gain is more than 14.2 dB,the flatness is less than 1.1 dB,the noise factor is less than 0.85 dB,and the input and output reflection coefficient is less than-11 dB within the range of 0.5~4.5 GHz.The LNA can be applied in various fields such as the wideband microwave communication and radar.


Audio branding generates high profit when it becomes a famous trademark, thus, the registration and protection of trademark is of great significance. The EU and US admitted sound trademark in advance. To analyze the criterion of registration in those two jurisdictions can provide useful legislative experience for the study of sound trademark. Based on the comparative study, we thus can identify critical factors which influence an audio branding becomes a sound trademark.


Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as the rate-determining reaction of water splitting has been attracting enormous attention. As present, only some noble-metal oxide materials (IrO 2 and RuO 2 ) have been reported as efficient OER electrocatalysts for OER. However, the high cost and scarcity of these noble-metal oxide materials greatly hamper their large-scale practical application. Herein, we synthesize 100% (111) faceted NiFe 2 O 4 single crystals with multiple vacancies (cation vacancies and O vacancies). The (111) facets can supply enough platform to break chemical bonds and enhance electrocatalytic activity, due to its high density of atomic steps and kink atoms. Compared to NiFe 2 O 4 (without vacancies), the as-synthesized NiFe 2 O 4 -Ar (with vacancies) exhibits a dramatically improved OER activity. The NiFe 2 O 4 -Ar-30 shows the lowest onset potential (1.45 V vs RHE) and the best electrocatalytic OER activity with the lowest overpotential of 234 mV at 50 mA cm -2 . Furthermore, based on the theoretical calculations that the introduction of multiple vacancies can effectively modulate the electronic structure of active centers to accelerate charge transfer and reaction intermediates adsorption, which can reduce the reaction energy barrier and enhance the activity of electrochemical OER.


Effective July 1, 2010, changes have been made to:  the eligibility period for repeat bone mineral density testing for patients at low-risk for osteoporosis;  the eligibility period for diagnostic and therapeutic sleep studies;  the eligibility of pre-operative electrocardiograms (ECG) and chest x-rays when ordered solely for the purposes of preparation for cataract surgery (when no other indication is present); and  in-office laboratory testing.


From an empirical point of view, the hardness of quantified Boolean formulas (QBFs), can be characterized by the (in)ability of current state-of-the-art QBF solvers to decide about the truth of formulas given limited computational resources. In this paper, we start from the problem of computing empirical hardness markers, i.e., features that can discriminate between hard and easy QBFs, and we end up showing that such markers can be useful to improve our understanding of QBF preprocessors. In particular, considering the connection between classes of tractable QBFs and the treewidth of associated graphs, we show that (an approximation of) treewidth is indeed a marker of empirical hardness and it is the only parameter which succeeds consistently in being so, even considering several other purely syntactic candidates which have been successfully employed to characterize QBFs in other contexts. We also show that treewidth approximations can be useful to describe the effect of QBF preprocessors, in that some QBF solvers benefit from a preprocessing phase when it reduces the treewidth of their input. Our experiments suggest that structural simplifications reducing treewidth are a potential enabler for the solution of hard QBF encodings.


period, Peale began painting with no formal training. Having been apprenticed to a saddler in his early teens, he took up portraiture only after discovering that he was better at it than most of the men in his native state who were earning their livings that way. In 1767, he went to England to study with West, the Pennsylvania-born artist whose history painting was about to take the English art world by storm. Peale returned to America in 1769, and established himself in Maryland, Virginia and Philadelphia, where he settled permanently in 1776. He served in the American War for Independence, and was for a while greatly involved in radical politics. Concentrating on portraits, he painted well over one thousand pictures, and is probably most popularly known for his images of George Washington and other American war heroes.


Given a quadratic polynomial with rational coefficients, we investigate the existence of consecutive squares in the orbit of a rational point under the iteration of the polynomial. We display three different constructions of $1$-parameter quadratic polynomials with orbits containing three consecutive squares. In addition, we show that there exists at least one polynomial of the form $x^2+c$ with a rational point whose orbit under this map contains four consecutive squares. This can be viewed as a dynamical analogue of a question of Fermat on rational squares in arithmetic progression. Finally, assuming a standard conjecture on exact periods of periodic points of quadratic polynomials over the rational field, we give necessary and sufficient conditions under which the orbit of a periodic point contains only rational squares.


A steady growth in production volumes and labor productivity has been observed at the Chernogorsky open-pit of OOO SUEK-Khakassia over the past fifteen years. This is primarily due to an increase in the number of mining equipment, capacity and level of use. At the same time, changes in the characteristics of the equipment used are often accompanied by adjustments only to the technology of its operation, without corresponding organizational changes. This situation leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the operation of mining equipment. The present study analyzes the experience of changing the organization of maintenance of BelAZ-7513 and BelAZ-75306 dump trucks at the Chernogorsky open pit as a result of monitoring the organization of repair service for these machines. The analysis of the implementation of the main monitoring functions is carried out: observation, analysis, assessment and forecasting. The analysis made it possible to establish that one of the key organizational factors that negatively affect the quality of maintenance of dump trucks in the Chernogorsky open pit is the low interest of drivers in providing timely and reliable information about the technical condition of these machines. A change in the scheme of interaction between drivers and mechanics of the repair service is proposed. As a result, a 5-12% reduction in the duration of maintenance was achieved, depending on its types, as well as a reduction in the number of failures by 7-20%, depending on the BelAZ model. The monthly economic effect amounted to about 7 million rubles.


A NEW CONTINUUM MODEL for studying the plane strain problems in elastodynamics of a cellular medium having a periodic structure is proposed. The model is based on the concept of macro-internal variables, [17], being capable of describing structures of an arbitrary complex lay-out. The continuum model equations constitute a certain generalization of the plane Cosserat continuum equations coupled with the ordinary differential equations for internal variables. The results are applied to the analysis of free vibration and wave propagation problems. The physical correctness of the model proposed is shown by comparing the obtained solutions to the exact ones.


ICC DECISIONS ON REVENUE ADEQUACY AND EXPORT COAL EXEMPTION COURT DECISIONS ARKANSAS POWER AND LIGHT V. I.C.C. AND COAL EXPORTERS ASSOCIATION V. I.C.C


A discussion on the right to abortion considers foetal life in the context of writer Judith Butler's notion of 'ungrievable life'. Butler's views are further examined with reference to Lauren Berlant, who puts forth a political version of the notion of foetal life. Berlant suggests that the foetus is incorrectly excluded from recognition and must be granted the full grievability that goes with human dignity.


The utility model mainly discloses a control system for the recovery of the weak lye of steamers of a mercerizing machine, which comprises a PLC (programmable logic controller) control unit, a sensing detection unit, a lye-feeding and spraying unit and a lye recovery unit; the sensing detection unit detects and sends liquid level, temperature and flow signals in the system to the PLC control unit, the PLC control unit controls the lye-feeding and spraying unit to spray the previous stage of weak lye into the next stage of the steamers, and finally, the lye is recovered into the lye recovery unit. The control system increases the concentration of the recovered weak lye and the effect of the mercerizing process, and serves the mercerizing machine in terms of energy saving and emission reduction.


AlthoughthenaturalhistoryforMediterraneanslipperlobsters( Scyllarideslatus )iswellestablished,thereexistsadisproportionatelackofimport-ant biological and physiological datatoverify many keytraits, including towhatextentendogenous rhythms modulateaspects of their behaviour. Although Scyllarids appear nocturnally active, few studies exist that quantify this tendency. Our overall objective was to test the hypothesis that adult slipper lobstersarenocturnal and to determine if their diel activity rhythms are under the influence of an endogenous circadian clock. In the laboratory,weexposedatotalof16animals( CL avg ¼ 92.6 + 6.6 mm; CL ,carapacelength)toa12 : 12light : dark(LD)cyclefor7–10d,followedby ***constant dark (DD) for 15–20 d. Activity wasassessed using acombination of time-lapse video and accelerometers. Of atotal of 16 lobsters, we analysed data from 15 (one mortality). All 15 lobsters were evaluated using video. Thirteen of these lobsters were also evaluated using accelerometers. All lobsters were more active during night-time than during daytime and synchronized their activity to the LD cycle, expressing a diel activity pattern ( t ¼ 24.04 + 0.13 h). In DD, lobsters maintained a circadian rhythm with a t of 23.87 + 0.07 h. These findings may provide insight into the behaviour of these animals in their natural habitat and help explain their ability to anticipate dawn and dusk.


Background: There is a worldwide trend of change in Medical Education from subject-based towards system-based approach. Several reports from various medical universities all over the world indicate that system based integrated curriculum may be considered as one of the major reforms to prepare better physicians for the next century. The objective of this study was to design and implement a horizontally and vertically integrated module for endocrinology and reproduction (ENR). It also aimed to evaluate study and faculty satisfaction for the continuation of this module in the future. Methods: It was an observational study of six months duration carried out on second year Medical students of Shifa College of Medicine (SCM). A multidisciplinary ENR modular team comprising of 18 highly relevant team members, finalized the clinical cases, themes, relevant objectives, learning strategies, time table and assessment tools for this integrated module. Student and faculty feedback questionnaire was administered at the end of module. Results: Seventy-four percent of the students and 96% of the faculty agreed that integrated teaching is better than the traditional teaching. Eighty-six percent students responded that the integrated approach makes learning and understanding easy; 70% students agreed that there was well balanced horizontal and vertical integration and LGIS, SGDs and PBLs were complimenting each other. Seventy-five percent students and 86% faculty favoured the continuation of integrated approach in future. Conclusion: Mode of ENR module delivery was highly appreciated by the students and faculty. System based curricular delivery can be implemented successfully in undergraduate medical education.


Background: Lichen planopilaris is a type of primary scarring alopecia that is characterized by perifollicular lymphocytic inflammation and fibrosis. The cause remains poorly understood, although recent research has begun to unravel some of the molecular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis. Objective: To present a case of biopsy-proven lichen planopilaris in a patient who had previously suffered serious head injury. Lichen planopilaris developed only in the areas of trauma. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the possible association between scalp trauma and the development of lichen planopilaris. Further research is needed to understand the role of scalp trauma in the pathogenesis of scarring alopecia.


The Discrete-Continuous Model, a coupling between dislocation dynamics and finite elements simulations, is used for modelling size effects in the mechanical properties of single-crystal superalloys. Both formation and evolution of the dislocation microstructures are analysed, and the crucial role of the storage of signed dislocations at the interfaces is discussed. The onset of plasticity is found to scale as the inverse of the channel width, and polarised dislocation networks at the interfaces significantly increase the flow stress with respect to a bulk crystal.


The entire world is currently under the grip of a pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus, also known as SARS-CoV2 The virus caused an initial outbreak in Wuhan, China with affected individuals presenting with viral pneumonia Early on, in the outbreak, metagenomic RNA sequencing shed light on this novel coronavirus which is an enveloped virus, containing a single stranded RNA and gets it name from the crown like spikes on their surface With limited availability of antivirals at the beginning of the pandemic and no vaccine;a lot of medications were initially re-purposed to treat COVID-19 As more clinical studies continue to be done, and the availability of antivirals increase, there is a huge need to consider alternative ways and means to boost one's immune system along with preventive measures of social distancing, masking and isolation of infected individuals Natural plant-based products with medicinal properties along with increased exercise and meditation to relax and de-stress, are vital resources that should be overlooked


guide others, and enable their possessors to leave behind them a reputation and a name. The high-class general practitioner will still continue, as well he may do, the strength of the profession, the friend and adviser of families, the guide and support of many a weak mind and bodyessentially the family doctor. Probably few of us stop to reflect on the great responsibility of our position, how much we have in our hands of the happiness and welfare of society, and how enormous is the personal influence of the doctor when once he obtains the confidence and sympathy of his patients. Solomon says: "A merry heart doeth good like a medicine", and how constantly is a doctor able to give this merry heart to his patient by correcting sad and mistaken views of case or condition, by turning the current of thought into other channels, by exciting fresh interests, by calling upon the sympathies on behalf of others, and, most of all, by calling out the philosophical or religious attributes of the individual, and urging a proper and judicious cultivation of them. Think how bodily function must be affected by a " merry heart", and how, conversely, a " broken spirit drieth the bones".


Define a composite service group for the cluster-based computer system, a method is disclosed for managing. The method includes the step of instantiating a plurality of application units on the cluster-based computer system, the application unit implements business services. The method includes the steps of: receiving a definition of a composite service group, the composite service group, receiving a definition of the application unit enumerating, composite service group that implement business services from a plurality of application units, their further comprising the step of generating a combined status of the composite service group. Then, by using a composite service group, to start the business services as a single unit (line) / stop (off) / moved allowed / fail and / failback according integration status.


The correlations between fisheries diversity and environmental variables of Nepal's Pond are poorly understood. This study aims to investigate temporal variation of fish assemblage at Taruwa Pond in Nawalparasi district, Province no. 4, Nepal from October 2018 to April 2019. For the fish agglomeration, cast net of 4 kg in weight and 3.80 m in length and 22.5 m breadth with 12 mm mesh size was used. In total, 579 individuals representing 16 fish species, 10 families, and 12 genera were recorded. According to similarity percentage analysis, the most contributory species were Puntius ticto (27.92%) followed by Danio devario (12.06%), Puntius terio (9.76%), Badis badis (7.31%), Lepidocephalichthys guntea (5.57%) and Puntius sophore (5.57%). Analysis of similarity suggested that fish community structure was significantly different in temporal variation (R = 0.321, p<0.01). Based on the cluster analysis, fish assemblages were isolated into two distinct groups at Bray-curtis similarity. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis distinctly indicated that the water parameters of dissolved oxygen, carbon-dioxide, depth, and water temperature play an important role in influencing the fish assemblage structure of Taruwa Pond.


The utility model belongs to christmas lights sets field, concretely relates to electrical connector of christmas lights tree. Electrical connector of christmas lights tree, including last connecting seat and lower connecting seat, upward be equipped with cylindrical first electrode in the connecting seat, be equipped with in the connecting seat down with the circular -arc second electrode that the first electrode contacted, it is used for providing elasticity messenger upward still to be equipped with in the connecting seat the first electrode supports tightly the resilient means of second electrode. Form the contact of a little kneading dough through cylindrical first electrode and circular -arc second electrode, improved the reliability of electric connection greatly and realize that christmas lights height of tree low pressure is general, while christmas lights tree does not influence the lower floor in the effect that receives external force yet and fully contacts the natural effect of setting with christmas lights, the electricity that the multiunit is first, two electrodes are corresponding is connected, realizes the diversification of christmas lights solar tree function.


Key Points • Schizophrenia is a costly disease both from a direct and indirect cost perspective. • Medication nonadherence has a signifi cant impact on costs. • The costs of schizophrenia treatment can be managed by using available resources more effectively. • Strong evidence for effectiveness exists for antipsychotic medications, family education, community atreatment teams, supported employment and housing, psychosocial remedial therapies, and case management. • Managed care can improve outcomes in patients with schizophrenia by utilizing community treatment teams, case management, disease management programs, schizophrenia treatment algorithms, provider partnerships, specialty mental and behavioral health organizations, and Community Mental Health Centers.


Shirley Dent of the BVA's media team asks more vets to get involved with the Voice of the Veterinary Profession survey and explains why their opinions matter.


In order to overcome the problem of stability for singular systems with interval time-varying delay,based on Lyapunov stability theory,using a new constructed Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequality(LMI) approach,a new improved delay-dependent stability criterion is presented to ensure the systems to be regular,impulse free and stable in terms of LMIs.The result shows that it can be used to effectively judge the stability of singular systems with interval time-varying delay.Moreover,it has fewer matrix variables,and less conservatism than some existing ones.


High-Tc superconductivity (HTS) in the cuprates is revisited and employed to interpret the superconductivity phenomenon in α-FeSe. HTS in α-FeSe is proposed to emerge from accidental near degeneracy among spin zero Fe2+ states on a magnetic sublattice in a magnetically inhomogeneous reference state illustrated by density-functional theory calculations. The spin zero Fe2+ ions sublattice is embedded in a second sublattice, which displays antiferromagnetic order. Existence of the latter enforces the former, and causes the violation of Hund´s rule. Detailed contact with the conceptual understanding of superconductivity in the cuprates is made.


The autonomous star trackers, using charge couple device CCD camera, or active pixel sensor APS, as natural sensors for optical input, has assumed a permanent position. This is due to their highly accurate attitude determination, small size, light weight and simple functionality, making them devices of choice in nearly all modern space vehicles especially for Nano-satellites. In all star trackers, star centroiding is a fundamental process necessary for pattern recognition. In this paper, a new method is presented, which predicts centers of regions of star locations, in successive image frames, from the current knowledge of boresight direction, which is updated successively. This method is very attractive for hardware implementation using APS imagers known for their random accessibility feature lacked in CCD's. The big advantage of this method is that it does not need pattern recognition, thus making it fast. This reduction of computational budget, power consumption and time, added to the capability of incorporating them in APS imagers, is appealing to Nano-satellites navigational instrumentation.


The invention relates to a person identification method and a person identification device, and belongs to the technical field of person detection and identification. The method comprises the steps of identifying face features of a target person based on sample face features in a face database, identifying clothes features of the target person according to sample person clothes features in a clothes database if judging that a first identification confidence with the highest degree of face matching is smaller than a preset first threshold, acquiring a second identification confidence with the highest degree of clothes matching, and identifying the target person according to the first identification confidence and the second identification confidence. According to the invention, when the identity of a person is hard to identity accurately based on the face features, the identity of the person is identified based on both the face features and the clothes features. Therefore, the accuracy of person identification is improved, the diversity of person identification object samples is satisfied, and person identification can be handled more flexibly.


In this paper, we investigate the out-of-sample forecasting ability of a genetic program to approach the dynamic evolution of the Yen/US$ and Pound Sterling/US$ exchange rates, and verify whether the method can beat the random walk model. Later on, we use the predicted values to generate a trading rule and we check the possibility of obtaining extraordinary profits in the Foreign Exchange Market. Our results reveal a slight forecasting ability for one-period-ahead which is lost when more periods ahead are considered. On the other hand, our trading strategy obtains above-normal profits. However, when transaction costs are incorporated, the profits practically disappear or become negativ


Background: One of the latest trends among the millennial is taking selfie which is the way of self presentation. It is thus imperative to probe the knowledge, attitude and perception of the groups toward this phenomenon. Objective: The present empirical research was done to investigate whether narcissism and body-esteem difference exist among selfie-taker teens and adolescents and to explore the inter relationship between narcissism and body-esteem. Methods & Material: This field study examined the narcissism and body-esteem of teens and adolescents who take 3-5 Selfies per day, chosen purposively. The study was conducted on 100 participants, 50 teens (25 girls & 25 boys) and 50 adolescents (25 girls & 25 boys). To measure the variables, Body-Esteem Scale by Franzoi & Shields (1984) and Narcissistic Personality Inventory by Raskin & Hall (1979) were applied. 't'-test was used to analyse the significant difference between the samples and correlation was employed to find out the association between the variables. Result: The findings on narcissism has shown that there was statistically significant difference between selfie -taker teens and adolescents and difference was also found between male's and female's selfie tendency. The data on body esteem has revealed that though there was no difference between selfie-taker teens and adolescents but significant difference was observed between male's and female's selfie-related behaviour. The result on correlation between narcissism and body-esteem among millennial (teens & adolescents) has shown positive interrelationship with each other. Conclusion: On the basis of research finding it can be concluded that level of narcissism and body-esteem may affect the selfie behaviour of teens and adolescents which in extreme case may lead to Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Eating Disorder, and Depression etc.


Problem of pontoon stability at the used coal pits. The diagrams and charts of its stability and restoring moments are done.


In this study, we reproduced the Villa La Roche designed by Le Corbusier and the Casa Gilardi designed by Luis Barragan in a virtual environment which can control the color and texture as variable parameters. Then subjects evaluated the scale and the impression of the houses to clarify the spatial recognition characteristics affected by the color and texture. In the scale and the drawing test, the subjects wearing a VR headset evaluated the scale of the houses and drew the floor plan. As a result, there were a tendency that the Villa La Roche was recognized to be smaller, while the Casa Gilardi was recognized to be real scale or a little larger. In addition, the subjects wearing a VR headset evaluated the space impression by SD method. The results showed characteristic changes in space impression according to the color and texture.


The year 2020's recent circumstances have been on high alert and have transformed into a "Fight or Flight" situation. Since the coronavirus (Covid-19) was reported in December 2019, conditions have not yet been controlled and causing tremendous destruction worldwide. The current study aimed to explore the impact of Covid-19 on the mental health of the citizens of Pakistan and the role of social support in this regard.  The purpose of this standpoint was to encourage investigations into Covid-19's mental health impacts from an individual needs perspective that recognizes the fundamental danger the virus presents to human well-being, and also how significant social support is in this context. Data was collected from all around Pakistan through electronic means within the age range <20 to 60+. Measurement scales utilized in this study were Impact of Event Scale-Reverse (IES-R) was used to measure the impact of (Covid-19) on the mental health and Short-version of Social Provisions Scale (SPS) was used to measure the social support in this regards on the citizens of Pakistan. Results indicate strong significance between Covid-19 and mental health as well as identifies that effective social support reduces the impact of Covid-19 on mental health. It's indeed evident that the latest incidence of Covid-19 had an enormous impact on mental health and further shows that impact on mental wellbeing can be minimized if adequate support is provided to individuals to sustain stable life


Although biologic treatments have excellent efficacy for many autoimmune diseases, safety concerns persist. Understanding the absolute and comparative risks of adverse events in patient and disease subpopulations is critical for optimal prescribing of biologics.


The First step in analysis of slope stability in open pit mines is punctual definition of rock mass characteristics. Several rock mass classification systems have been presented so far in the area of geomechanics. One of the most widely used rock mass classification systems are the geomechanics classification (RMR) by Bieniawiski. The RMR classification is based on the definition of classic membership functions. So characterization of rock masses and determination of their strength may involve some uncertainties due to their complex nature. The fuzzy set theory is one of the tools to handle such uncertainties. This paper describes the application of fuzzy set theory to the RMR system by incorporating fuzzy sets, and mamadani fuzzy algorithm was constructed using "if-then" rules for evaluating RMR parameters and their rating considered in the RMR system. Firstly, RMR classification is redefined by using the fuzzy logic. In the second step, the tables for a case study in Iran are calculated based on field and laboratory measurements.


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It is becoming increasingly difficult for whales and other mammals that echolocate and communicate by singing in the oceans to be heard above the volume of man-made noise. And many scientists are also concerned that our noisy activities in the oceans could be damaging the


With the development of computer networks, the defects of traditional Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)-based architecture have been amplified. Traditional computer networks are facing big challenges. To break a closed traditional network for eliminating defects and promoting network innovation, software-defined networking (SDN) has been proposed. In this chapter, we illustrate SDN and discuss future network research. We also give a brief overview of recent advances in SDN. Finally, we summarize our work related to SDN in datacenter networks. 1.1 Software-Defined Networking and Future Networks The scale of computer networks is expanding rapidly, and the demands for cloud, big data, security, and mobility services are always increasing. Traditional network architecture has gradually exposed to defects. To overcome these defects, there is a growing interest in future networks from both academia and industry. Many research projects that propose and design future network architectures have been launched all around the world [1]. The USA has launched a series of future network projects including the NewArch [2], Future Internet Architecture (FIA) [3], Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) [4], and Future Internet Design (FIND) [5] projects. In Japan, the New Generation Network (NWGN) project has been implemented, which consists of a series of sub-projects from academia and industry [6]. In the European Union, many future Internet research projects have been launched including the Future Internet Research and Experimentation (FIRE) [7] and Architecture and Design for the Future Internet (4WARD) [8] projects. In China, the China Next Generation Internet (CNGI) project has been established for future network research [9]. From these future network research projects, more and more users have come to the realization that the development of future networks is seriously hindered by the closeness of traditional networks. In general, closed networks face the following problems: © The Author(s) 2016 H. Qi, K. Li, Software-Defined Networking Applications in Distributed Datacenters, SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-33135-5_1 1


Thorotrast, a colloidal solution of thorium dioxide was injected to wounded soldiers, for angiography from 1930 to 1945. The patients who received Thorotrast are interesting objects for finding a biological effect due to the internal irradiation by 232Th. To determine a distribution and body burden of 232Th, forty-one Thorotrast patients were measured their gamma-rays with a pair of NaI (Tl) scintillation detectors coaxially positioned above and below the coach in the whole body counter of Nagasaki University. The comparison between the usual method using constant values and the method using individual values depend on the organ positions determined with CT (Computed Tomography) scanner for patients was performed to estimate the errors due to the individual differences in the detection efficiency of 232Th. From the results, the estimates by the whole body counter of the amounts of 232Th deposits in abdominal region were obtained within the uncertainties of 16%. And the absorbed dose in the liver and the spleen was also estimated from the amounts of 232Th.


Introduction : revolution and political culture -- The origins of the commune. Club politics during the siege of Paris -- The revolutionary socialist party -- Shaping the revolution -- The New World. Association and the New World -- The structures of club society -- The components of club culture -- Gender and clubiste political culture -- Conclusion : the legacies of the commune.


Two neoclerodane diterpenoids, clerodinins A and B, together with three known compounds, clerodin, stigmasta-5, 22, 25-trien-3β-ol and 3-epi-glutinol, have been isolated from the hexane extract of the leaves of Clerodendron brachyanthum, and their structures determined.


Introduction: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are increasing globally and became the public health concerns particularly in adolescents. The adolescents are prone to get STI's due to involvements of unhealthy behavior. However, adolescents having deficiency in identifying the signs and symptoms of STIs, could lead to complications such as infertility, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). No studies have been conducted among nursing students regarding knowledge and preventive practice on STI. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the information about nursing college students' knowledge and preventive practice on STIs.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among first-year nursing students among four nursing colleges of Bhutan. Purposive sampling was used. Self-administrative questionnaire including information on demographic characteristics, knowledge and preventive practice on STI was given.
Results: A total of 372 first year students from four nursing colleges in the age group of 18-22 years, participated in this study with 100% response rate. The mean age was 20.08 (±SD-1.83) years. Teacher (62.26%) was the main source of information on STI prevention. Majority of students (83%) knew that the most common methods of contraception (barrier) was condom. Half of the students (50.27%) had fair/intermediate level of knowledge, while less than 35% of the students had poor level of knowledge.
Conclusions: Students knowledge level on STI was fair and found that condom was known as an effective barrier contraception.


We demonstrate passively mode-locked ytterbium-doped fiber laser by using gold metasurface saturable absorber. Experimental results verify that gold metasurface can be implemented for constructing mode-locked lasers at 1 µm region for the first time.


The overwhelming majority of primary lung malignancies are secondary to smoke inhalation and occur in the older adult population in the presence of symptoms that are usually suspicious for an underlying malignancy. A chest radiograph is the initial imaging modality of choice to diagnose a lung


India is the world's third largest potato-producing nation, although its potato-processing industry is still in its infancy. Per capita potato processing in India during 2007–08 was just 365 g (89.69% potato chips, or 'crisps', 9.28% potato powder/flakes and 1.03% French fries), using 1.475 kg potatoes per capita. This performance compares poorly with that of the leading potato-processing nations such as the UK, the USA, Canada, France and Germany. However, the industry is experiencing rapid growth in India, and multinational corporations (MNCs), such as PepsiCo, McCain and ITC, now have a conspicuous presence. This paper provides detailed analysis of the consumption patterns of the processed product in India relative to the world picture. The strengths, weaknesses and business opportunities of this industry are also discussed.


Corporate Governance is the process and structure used to direct and
manage the business affairs of the company towards enhancing business prosperity
and corporate accountability with the ultimate objective of realizing long-term
shareholder value, whilst taking into account the interest ofother stakeholders.
This research aims to examine the effect ofgood corporate governance and
ownership structure on corporate performance ofCorporate Governance Perception
Index participator. This research uses CGPI index, managerial ownership and
institutional ownership as independent variables and ROE and Tobin's Q as
dependent variables . The object ofthis research is CGPI Rating Reports year 2006
and 2007 and annual report year 2006 and 2007.
This research employs a multiple regression to test the hypothesis. The results
of this study are: (1) there is no significant relationship between corporate
governance index and corporateperformance. (2) there is no significant relationship
between managerial ownership and corporate performance. (3) there is significant
positive relationship between institutional ownership and return on equity (ROE), but
no significant relationship between institutional ownership and Tobin's Q
Keywords: Good Corporate Governance, Ownership Structure, Corporate
Performance


Optical slit that reflects rather than transmits performs multiple functions for imaging infrared spectrometer. Serves as field reflector, field flattener, and entrance aperture for instrument. Reflecting slit narrow strip of spherical reflecting surface with intersecting spherical reflecting side surfaces that reject radiation originating outside slit region. Precision of slit geometry crucial in optical system.


The field of gardening covers educational aspects as well. It has always been a way to get direct access to one's environment, to the living world as well as to inanimatelphysical nature. Gardening extends education: theoretical knowledge can be transformed into practical work. Three aspects are recommended: improvement of the self-image, improvement of awareness and contact, and the activation of resources. By sensual experience, a new process of learning may develop. Working with plants increases confidence in one's abilities and may activate one's resources. People, challenged by significant mental, physical, or social problems and thereby used to a pattern of helplessness and passivity, can start to organize their environments in an active and creative way. One can experience self-effectiveness, independence, and identification. A case report provides examples of how gardening can improve abilities and competence. The evaluation of the program by participating patients indicates what they find meaningful.


CONTEXT
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) should be used in athletic training but are rarely incorporated in athletic training and athletic therapy internships. Student-run clinics are common in other health professions and provide effective treatment and a valuable learning environment.1-3 To our knowledge, no one has evaluated rehabilitation outcomes in patients treated by athletic training/athletic therapy students (ATSs).

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of our study was to measure the improvement in function in injured patients seeking treatment at an ATS-clinic.

DESIGN
Cohort study.

SETTING
ATS-clinic.

PARTICIPANTS
Fifty-nine patients from the community with a variety of low back, lower extremity, and upper extremity injuries participated in this study.

INTERVENTIONS
ATSs were responsible for the injury assessment and rehabilitation program of their patients while being supervised by a certified AT.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
At baseline and at 6-week follow-up, all patients completed one of three scales depending on injury location to assess their injured level of function. Scales included the: Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for low back injuries, Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) for lower extremity injuries and Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) for upper extremity injuries.

RESULTS
On average, patients received 4.7±1.8 treatments across 48.8±16.1 days. Patients experienced a significant increase in function between assessment and follow-up (18.8%±20.3, p<0.001,d =1.06). Moreover, the amount of functional improvement was clinically significant, being greater than the minimal clinical difference for each scale. There was no significant difference in the efficacy of treatment regarding internship experience of ATSs.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients improved their function significantly after treatment delivered by an ATS. Patient-reported outcome measures were useful for the students to monitor patient improvement however, more research is needed regarding effective treatment for chronic pain patients. Our results suggest that ATS-clinics provide effective treatments for patients, service to the community, and a learning opportunity for students.


This work consist in determining and analyzing analytically the stress and elasto-plastic strain state including the limit state using the theory of Huber-Mises-Henkey and formulating mathematically and solving the problem of determination of shearing lines their graphic representation . The analytical and graphical results show that the stress distribution for both limit plastic state and elastic state are different. At the limit state of plastic deformation the maximum stress perpendicular to the radius is reached at the external points of the tube, therefore it's possible to conclude that for the elasto-plastic materials the rupture starts from the outside, which is in good agreement with experimental results of the literature. The graphical representation of shearing lines has been obtained by means of a program developed, compiled and executed under Windows in the Visual Basic environment


A ship (1) is characterized by being provided with a ballast water processing means (2) that is for processing ballast water and that is installed in a cargo hold (4) in which cargo is loaded.


This study details the results of a laboratory study conducted to evaluate the properties of cement grouted bituminous mixes (CGBM) prepared with marginal aggregates. A conventional dense-graded bituminous concrete mix was also considered for the purpose of comparison. The CGBM specimens prepared were then evaluated in terms of its strength (Stability and Indirect Tensile strength), Elastic properties (Resilient modulus and Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus), Durability (Tensile strength ratio) and ravelling resistance (Cantabro Abrasion Test). Testing was conducted at two different curing periods (7 and 28 days) to consider the long-term strength gain of cement. Two test temperatures (25°C and 40°C) were considered to simulate the average and high-temperature properties. Further, both moisture conditioned and unconditioned states were examined to evaluate the susceptibility to moisture. Obtained results were statistically analysed to determine the critical effects of the curing period, temperature and moisture conditioning on the CGBM properties. An example of a low volume road was used to assess the cost related to the use of CGBM as a structural layer. Overall, laboratory results showed CGBM to be an effective method for the utilisation of marginal aggregates in routine road construction with enhanced material properties as compared to the control mix. Statistical analysis showed a significant influence of curing, temperature and moisture on the properties of CGBM. Further, the replacement of the conventional bituminous layer with CGBM resulted in a substantial reduction in material use, indicating that the use of marginal materials in CGBM could lead to sustainable road assets.


Hair can be a prominent feature of characters in real-time games. In this paper, we propose hair simulation with efficient preservation of various hair styles. Bending and twisting effects are crucial to simulate curly or wavy hair. We propose local and global shape constraints and parallel methods to update local and global transforms to find goal positions. All three methods show good visual quality and take only a small fraction of rendering time. This simulation runs on the GPU and works smoothly as a part of rendering pipeline. Simulating around 20,000 strands composed of total 0.22 million vertices takes less than 1 millisecond. Simulation parameters such as stiffness or number of iterations for shape constraints can be manipulated by users interactively. It helps designers choose the right parameters for various hair styles and conditions. Also the simulation can handle various situations interactively.


Among foliar diseases Leaf spot, yellow mosaic virus (YMV) and Urd bean leaf crinkle virus (ULCV) are destructive diseases of mash bean (Vigna mungo) in Pakistan. Incorporation of resistance against biotic stress in plants is traditional strategy of crop improvement through breeding. Effective breeding for biotic stresses entails readily accessible resistant germplasm. 67 genotypes were evaluated for multi disease resistance was tested for two consecutive years (2019 and 2020) at Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal. Experiment was repeated with an idea to decrease the effect of environment and those material was selected which performed same in both years. Out of 67 genotypes 12 were resistant against leaf spot infection and 19 genotypes were found highly resistant against yellow mosaic virus during both years. In case of ULCV disease did not appear during 2020. However, 19 genotypes showed resistance against ULCV during first year of experiment. Two genotypes namely 3CM-703 and 4CM-720 exhibited resistance response to all foliar diseases under study. Three genotypes viz. 4CM-716, 4CM-720, 5CM-708 demonstrated resistance against YMV as well as leaf spot. 4CM716, 4CM720, 5CM708, 7CM701, 7CM702, 7CM704, 7CM705, 7CM706 expressed resistance against leaf spot and ULCV simultaneously. The data generated is useful for improvement of mash bean through breeding.


Approaches to allocation of regional territorial systems of traditional environmental management are considered. Features of formation of special structure – ethnogeosystem in territories of traditional environmental management are opened. Functional communications between elements are proved. It is shown that scarcity of theoretical and practical knowledge, limitation of methodological researches in the field of traditional factors of interaction of society and the nature and a problem of preservation and development of ethnoecological traditions cause need of development of new, ethnoecological approach for this course. The concept of ethnoecological approach of research of the declared problem is given and its basic principles are opened. Conceptual schemes of ethnosystem and its interrelations with geosystem and environmental management system are submitted. The modern structure of ethnogeosystems is presented by the natural and not natural spheres having a certain set of components, and also the landscape and "nature user" subsystems, uniting separate parts of a terrestrial surface and ethnosystems by stable relations, forming thus various ethnogeofields.