Objective: The objective of this study is to study the antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration, preliminary phytochemical studies, molecular docking studies, and high-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (HR-LCMS) analysis of the methanol fungal extract of Claviceps purpurea.
Methods: Mass production of the fungal mat of C. purpurea was established on potato dextrose broth medium. The dried methanol extract of fungus was subjected to HR-LCMS analysis; antibacterial screening of the extract was carried out against pathogenic bacteria. Molecular docking study of HR-LCMS identified compounds was performed by docking with bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase.
Results: HR-LCMS analysis of methanol extract of C. purpurea fungus shows that the compounds arecoline, benperidol, felbamate, solanidine, and triparanol as the major constituents. The antibacterial screening of methanol extract of fungus against bacterial pathogens showed a significant bactericidal activity against the strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.40±0.04 mm), Xanthomonas campestris (13.60±0.06 mm), Escherichia coli (13.40±0.06 mm), Salmonella Typhi (11.50±0.05 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (11.37±0.04 mm.), and as matched to the standard drug ciprofloxacin. The molecular docking of triparanol against the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase showed good binding affinity of −6.2 kcal/mol, good drug likeness (7.3767), 2 hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interaction with 8 amino acid residues so that triparanol shows good inhibitor as compared to other 4 compounds.
Conclusion: Methanol fungal extract of C. purpurea showed significant antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Triparanol is the major compound present in C. purpurea fungus which showed good inhibitory activity against bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase. The methanol extract of C. purpurea fungus displayed a good antibacterial drug.


Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to explore the impact of total quality management (TQM) factors on performance dimensions of service companies. Design/methodology/approach – A research project was designed in the Spanish services sector. Companies that had already participated in activities with regard to business excellence were randomly selected and approached through a structured questionnaire, yielding a sample of 151 responding companies. By analyzing TQM implementation and company performance through the exploratory factor analysis, specific TQM factors and performance dimensions are extracted. The TQM factors that significantly influence the performance dimensions are determined through multiple linear regression analyses. Findings – According to the findings, the factors describing TQM implementation in service companies concern quality practices of top management, employee quality management, process management, employee knowledge and education and customer focus. Similarly, the performance...


Explosively increased market penetration of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and stationary energy storage devices has recently aroused new concerns on nonrenewable metal resources and environmental pollution because of the forthcoming wave of retired popularized LIBs. Recycling the retired LIBs in an environmentally sustainable and cost‐effective way thus becomes much urgent and imperative. As a preferable route, the direct regeneration strategy has been innovatively proposed to repair degraded cathode materials in retired LIBs under non‐destructive conditions, which exhibits tremendous superiority compared to conventional metallurgical method that just emphasizes the recovery of target metal elements. Nevertheless, the development of direct regeneration methods for degraded cathode materials is still in infancy, and there remain many scientific and technological obstructions to conquer. It is even absent in the thorough summaries and assessments of this kind of avenue so far. In this review, the current states of various direct regeneration approaches from the regenerative processes, principles, merits, and challenges aspects are summarized, highlighting the extraordinary importance in constructing the really‐green closed loop industry for future sustainable energy and, more significantly, in turn providing profound insights into rationally designing more advanced regeneration approaches at the industrial scale.


Objective To explore expression of endogenous ouabain(EO) in multiple adrenal tumors.Methods Thirty-one cases of adrenal tumors and 6 cases of healthy adrenal tissues were selected. The expression of EO in the adrenal tiss ue was detected with immunohistochemical streptavidin peroxadase conjugated(SP) method.Results Most of EO positive products were localized in cy toplasm of the zona reticularis of human adrenal cortex, and positive products s howed to be fine granular. There was no positive signal in the medulla. EO showe d on diffused positive in patients with pheochromocytoma accompanied high blood pressure[SBP:(165.22±7.61) mmHg, DBP:(105.52±4.26) mmHg], but there were neg ative in ones with normative blood pressure[SBP:(118.52±4.58) mmHg, DBP:(83±3.60) m mHg]. The expression of EO was positive in all adrenocortical hyperplasic, aden oma an d carcinoma, no matter its high or normative blood pressure. The degree of expre ssion of EO in adrenal tissues was related to the level of BP.Conclusion Expression of endogenous ouabain(EO) in health y adrenal tissue and adrenal tumors was a valuable morphological and pathophysio logical clue for the research on ouabain.


Background: IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is an important drug target because of its role in de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Results: First substrate/cofactor- and substrate/inhibitor-bound complexes of bacterial IMPDHs are determined. Conclusion: A new distinct binding mode of the cofactor adenosine moiety is revealed. Significance: This work offers new insights for the design of more potent and selective inhibitors and the evolution of the active site. The steadily rising frequency of emerging diseases and antibiotic resistance creates an urgent need for new drugs and targets. Inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase or IMPDH) is a promising target for the development of new antimicrobial agents. IMPDH catalyzes the oxidation of IMP to XMP with the concomitant reduction of NAD+, which is the pivotal step in the biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides. Potent inhibitors of bacterial IMPDHs have been identified that bind in a structurally distinct pocket that is absent in eukaryotic IMPDHs. The physiological role of this pocket was not understood. Here, we report the structures of complexes with different classes of inhibitors of Bacillus anthracis, Campylobacter jejuni, and Clostridium perfringens IMPDHs. These structures in combination with inhibition studies provide important insights into the interactions that modulate selectivity and potency. We also present two structures of the Vibrio cholerae IMPDH in complex with IMP/NAD+ and XMP/NAD+. In both structures, the cofactor assumes a dramatically different conformation than reported previously for eukaryotic IMPDHs and other dehydrogenases, with the major change observed for the position of the NAD+ adenosine moiety. More importantly, this new NAD+-binding site involves the same pocket that is utilized by the inhibitors. Thus, the bacterial IMPDH-specific NAD+-binding mode helps to rationalize the conformation adopted by several classes of prokaryotic IMPDH inhibitors. These findings offer a potential strategy for further ligand optimization.


The relation between oxygen consumption rate and larval growth rate in Drosophila melanogaster at different temperatures and food levels was analyzed to investigate whether different larval growth rates and adult body sizes are the consequences of different costs of growth. Four isofemale lines from two populations collected from France and Tanzania were compared. The rate of oxygen consumption per mg body weight increased with the relative rate of growth. Costs of growth (Cg), i.e., the increase in oxygen consumption due to growth, took 17.4% of the total energy invested in growth. No significant effect on Cg could be shown of either temperature or food level. Basal metabolic rate (Rb), i.e., the rate of oxygen consumption in the absence of growth, increased with temperature and food level at the intermediate temperature. The two French lines showed a higher rate of growth, independent of the environmental conditions, leading to a larger final body size. The two Tanzanian lines show a reduced Cg as compared to the French lines at 27.5°C, while showing no such difference at 17.5°C and 22.5°C. Yet, these differences in Cg do not lead to clear differences in growth efficiency between populations, indicating that differences in absorption rate are the main cause of both environmental and genetic differences in growth rate.


An arc-heated wind tunnel is being used to produce nitrogen gas flow with high enthalpy at a Mach number of 5.0 to investigate complicated nonequilibrium phenomena around a blunt body flying at high speed. The flow field with and without an axisymmetric blunt body in the test section is studied by spectroscopic measurements. Specifically, the vibrational and rotational temperature distributions of nitrogen molecule are measured along the stagnation streamline of the body. It is found that the vibrational temperature begins to increase from 6mm upstream of the stagnation point, which corresponds to about 4.5mm before a shock wave produced by the body, and that it takes a maximum value between 3800 and 4500K at a location of 2mm upstream from the stagnation point. On the other hand, the rotational temperature also increases up to 2500 ~ 3500K at a location of 1mm. The vibrational and rotational temperature distributions for the case with no body are also measured for comparison. While the vibrational temperature shows a slightly decrease toward the downstream, the rotational temperature keeps a nearly constant value, which is lower than that of the vibrational temperature.


Bonding of brackets has changed the practice of orthodontics and has become a routine clinical procedure in a remarkably short time. Modification of technical devices, sealants, attachments and procedure are continuing. Several methods and techniques have been introduced by recent advances in indirect bonding techniques which have made clinician to do a more expensive laboratory work. A new method which is more simplified and employed in our department with few expenses to invest has been followed with application of Erkogum (transparent blocking wax) as adhesive and glue gun material as transfer tray with minimal efforts and time duration to obtain a precise indirect bonding technique. Our trails have made it more effective and efficiently manageable to obtain a desired bonding of attachments and ease to the patient.


Heats of solution and impurity-induced lattice relaxations are calculated for hydrogen in all the transition metals. The hydrogen-metal interaction is described using the effective-medium theory and the metal-lattice relaxations are included in a harmonic-continuum model. The authors find that the trends in the heats of solution can be related to the magnitude of the electron density of the interstitial metal. The trends in the hydrogen trapping energies for vacancies are estimated from the difference between the calculated heats of solution and chemisorption energies. A very simple conceptual picture of the hydrogen-metal interaction results, which can easily be extended to treat for instance hydrogen in metal alloys.


MIKAEL HAGSTROEM SAS We often hear that growth is the answer to all our problems. However, growth alone will not suffice. Resolving the current challenges society is facing is not just about economic vigor: it is about elevating the human condition. In a world increasingly driven by behavioral economics, we must leverage big data analytics for inclusive growth, so everyone can make contributions toward growth and all sectors of society can benefit from the dividends and sense of purpose that result. Economic growth corresponds to an increase in GDP. However, to avoid leaving part of the population— indeed the entire population of the Global South (Africa, Central and Latin America, and large parts of Asia)— out of the growth equation, we must add a qualitative measure that we describe by using the term inclusive. In considering what inclusive growth looks like, we note that it encompasses three essential components:


The linguistic study of peer-review discourse has focused principally on pre-publication occluded referee reports. However, there are few studies on post-publication open peer reviews of research articles. To address this imbalance, we analyse a type of open peer review, Online Rapid Responses (ORRs) to articles, in the British Medical Journal (BMJ), which is the leading medical e-journal. Using a corpus-based approach, we focus on the term evidence owing to its importance in scientific discourse. We compiled an ad-hoc corpus of 875 ORRs (260,651 tokens) and analysed it using Wordsmith Tools 6 to ascertain the frequency of evidence. We then compared its frequency in our corpus with the British National Corpus (BNC), the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), the COCA academic subcorpus, the Cambridge Academic English Corpus (CAEC) and the sub-corpus of reviews in the Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen Corpus (LOB-C). We also performed a keyness analysis of our corpora to ascertain the position of evidence and obtained the contexts in which it appears. Our analysis reveals that evidence is more frequent in our corpus of ORRs than in general and academic corpora, which highlights its importance in the evaluation of research. Our exploration of its contexts of use show that it reflects the concern of the medical academy for evidence appraisal in state-of-the art medicine.


Abstract Intercalation of tetracycline (TC) into a pharmaceutical grade layered clay mineral was carried out, and the resultant complex was characterised. The intercalation of TC into the interlayer space of the clay took place via cation exchange resulting in an increase in d spacing of the clay and changes in the spectral bands of the NH+ vibration of the drug. Thermogravimetric analyses showed a delay in drug decomposition temperature as a consequence of drug intercalation. Release rate of the retained drug in simulated gingival fluid was compatible with the use of the complex in periodontal extended drug release systems.


Hanging on the wall in my office are two obituaries, one of Dr Charles Fletcher who died in 19951 and the other of Dr Benjamin Burrows who died in 2002.2 Their pictures look over the desk where I do a great deal of my work and provide inspiration and, through their collective body of work, guidance. I would like to think that the work that I do continues in a very small way the work that these giants in our field started. Dr Fletcher was responsible for, among other accomplishments, defining the natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in his landmark study of British men.3–5 Dr Burrows founded the Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airway Obstructive Disease (TESAOD)6 that has added greatly to our knowledge of respiratory disease. Drs Fletcher and Burrows trained and mentored many of our current leaders in respiratory health and coauthored several publications.7 8 An ongoing legacy of Dr Burrows is the TESAOD, which continues to provide valuable and important information relevant to today.

The publication by Guerra et al in this issue of Thorax ( see page 499 ) provides an example of Dr Burrows' ongoing legacy and the convergence of his work with that of …


James Mason Crafts (1865-1927), an American mining engineer, is best know for his co-discovery of the Friedel-Crafts reaction, a powerful organic synthesis tool. He did basic work on the synthesis of organo-silicon compounds, determined the atomic weight of silicon, and published extensively on thermometry, on the calibration of thermometers, and proposed naphthalene and benzophenone as new fixed points for the thermometric scale in the range 100° to 400°C.


In the background of policies nowadays,the non-profit incubator is the mainstream which has many advantages in expanding the social profitof incubator,despite there are some disadvantages collocating social resource and management.The paper presents thatgovernmentshould change the way from the straight investment on incubators to threat all scientific technology incubators the same,and give them allowance.In this way,we can actualize the social function of incubators and enhance the functioning efficiency of the scientific technology incubators.


Delay is an important Quality of Service (QoS) parameter. A significant pa rt of an end-to-end delay of a data flow is latency - the delay induced by scheduling algorithms in network devices. In this paper we present a latency analysis of a Deficit Round-Robin (DRR) scheduler. We correc t inaccuracies and deficiencies of the DRR latency analysis detected in works of other authors. We derive a new and more precise latency bound of the DRR scheduler and show that, contrary to the latency bounds derived by other authors, our bound is mathematically correct. Finally we give a comparative analysis of the DRR latency bounds discussed in the paper.


Article ten of the Second Vatican Council's Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen gentium, characterizes the People of God as priestly, in a way nevertheless distinct from ministerial priesthood. Since the Council, the article has been cited variously in favour of the freshly appropriated dignity of the laity, in favour of specifying the identity of ministerial priests, and in favour of promoting a close and collaborative relationship between the clergy and laity in the church. One section of the article regularly receives particular attention as pivotal to an appreciation of the three aspects of teaching on the priesthood that the article presents:


Some states (like Florida and Texas) collect retail sales taxes but no income taxes; one state (Oregon) collects income taxes but no retail sales taxes; most states collect both. This paper examines the decision of a state to collect retail sales taxes, income taxes, or both in light of the state's spending policy and the ability of at least some of the state's residents to strategically migrate to another state (to take advantage of a more favorable mix of taxes and benefits). It concludes that states that rely solely (or even primarily) on either a retail sales tax or an income tax to finance their spending are generally pursuing an irrational and ultimately unstable course. Thus, states that seek to pursue an ultimately stable course must include in their revenue streams both a retail sales tax and an income tax. Professor of Law, Vanderbilt University Law School. The arguments in this paper are adapted from arguments I have made elsewhere in a completely different context. See Herwig Schlunk, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Double Taxation, 79 Notre Dame L. Rev. 127 (2003). HeinOnline -78 Miss. L.J. 637 2008-2009 MISSISSIPPI LAW JOURNAL


Fischer-Tropsch(F-T) synthesis continues to receive attention as an alternative for the production of ultra-clean transportation fuels and chemicals.The reduction performance of Co catalyst supported on alumina was investigated by XRD,TPR,XPS and H2-TPD.Catalyst can not be activated sufficiently at low temperature,and high reduction temperature may result in sintering of Co particles and decrease the active surface.So the optimum reduction temperature range was 400~500 ℃.The performance of the catalyst reduced at this temperature range is relatively excellent.


Resting cysts (RC) constitute a coupling between benthic and pelagic stages and influence the bloom development in a number of bloom forming dinoflagellate species. Encystment capability coupled with high vegetative cell density (> one million cells 1 -1 ) contribute to the formation of an accumulation zone: "the cyst bank", which is directly linked to the success of bloom initiation and its recurrence. The survival time of benthic RCs (few weeks to several years), their viability which could be negatively affected by predation, and their mandatory dormancy period (few days to several months) are variable and influence the seeding potential of the population significantly. Excystment rate, mainly controlled by temperature and oxygen level, and the germling cells' viability determine the inoculum size. Many biological processes in RCs have been shown to be controlled by endogenous and environmental factors, and vary between species and within the same species as a function of geographic strains.


The support of individual weapon is indispensable the light weapon platform in modern war,this platform can effectively improve the chance of survival about operational personnal.Combined with the most advanced currently,such as: microcontroller,motor,motor drive,touch input technique,this paper presents the overall scheme of the support of individual weapon,giving the blockdiagram detaily about controlling box and the weapon platform.


Objective To explore the pathogenesis and the factors related to convulsion complicated by hyponatremia.Methods Clinical data was collected in 168 convulsion in patients by retrospective statistical analysis.Results Improper therapy was carried out in 12(36.4 %),9(22.0 %),8(9.0 %) respectively in the pyponatremia,the critical and the control group which were assigned with sodium levels in blood.There were significant differences between the control group and the others( P 0.01, P 0.05).Conclusion The main cause of hyponatremia is incorrect fluid supplemented and diuresis.Hypoxia,inflammation,and trauma to the head were correleted with hyponatremia.The potential pathogenesis is that the blood brain barrier is ruined,partial pressure of oxygen(PO 2) depleted and supersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).


For the purpose of obtaining the characteristic parameters of the asphalt mixture aggregate particles, a viable method using two-dimensional image was put forward in this paper. The automatic detection system of asphalt mixture aggregate characteristic parameters is developed based on VC++. A series of processing are done on the collected aggregate images, including image edge detection, image segmentation, morphological processing, region-labeling, contouring and so on .The region-labeling algorithm is improved ending with low complexity, high robustness. Database technology is used to deal with the storage, query of the results and several other operations. The whole system is characterized with perfect function, user-friendly interface and stable performance, which provides a practical and accurate method for the characteristic detection of asphalt mixture aggregate particles.


When trying to understand how listeners recognise words, listeners' misperceptions, so-called 'slips of the ear', can reveal important aspects of the underlying mechanisms of normal word recognition. Such misperceptions shed light onto how inferences are made by listeners about acoustic details in the speech signal and how these interact with other sound sources in the background. On the other hand, if speech from a particular speaker is more prone to being misperceived than that from another speaker, these misperceptions may also shed light onto speaker characteristics. To study these phenomena, misperceptions that occur consistently are invaluable. Although such confusions are quite rare, within the Marie Curie INSPIRE project, software has been developed to efficiently collect such consistent confusions for different languages. Using this software, we have started to collect Dutch consistent confusions. Single words, embedded in five different types of noise at different SNRs, produced by four speakers were presented to Dutch listeners. In a preliminary analysis, consistent confusions were analysed in terms of phoneme substitutions, insertions, and deletions, reconstructions of words using background noise, and eccentric cases. Moreover, the number and types of consistent confusions obtained in the different noise types and from different speakers are compared.


Due to the peripheral conditions of most cross-border regions (CBR) around the world, managing and protecting environmental resources together with the improvement of socioeconomic conditions have posed a constant challenge. The aim of this paper is to identify the most important elements to consider on the path toward promoting the sustainable development of CBRs. It begins with an overview of development experiences of these types of regions in Europe, North America and Asia. It continues by differentiating conventional regional development from the CBR approach in order to establish the core aspects of applying sustainability within these spaces. The article concludes by proposing an evaluation method to facilitate the assessment of sustainability planning on CBRs and contribute to further development of the topic.


Ionic polymer cements, formed by the reaction of metal oxides or ionleachable glass powders with various polyacids, have found widespread use in dentistry. Commonly, the polyacid employed is a homopolymer or copolymer of acrylic acid. An alternative ionic polymer cement system has recently been developed, based on phosphonic acid polymers. In this study, cement formation between polyvinylphosphonic acid, PVPA, and a range of metal oxides has been examined, including an assessment of hydrolytic stability and the relative stabilities of the Mn+-PVPA bonds formed. An infrared spectroscopic technique has been used to determine the relative extents of the reactions between PVPA and the various metal oxides.

It is found that cements based on PVPA are far more reactive than those based on the polycarboxylic acids, and that the hydrolytic stability of the cements is greater. This greater resistance to water is probably due to the nature of the binding of the cations to the polyanion.


Continuous solar observations over extended periods of time with the sun at constant altitude have heretofore been unobtainable. A solar observatory at the geographic South Pole will provide continuous homogenous observations of various solar features during the austral summer months. An optical site testing campaign during January 1979 showed seeing conditions at the site to be even better than expected. During the 1979-80 austral summer solar global oscillations will be studied with the Nice sodium cell spectrophotometer. Lifetime studies of the chromospheric network will be conducted with a 30-cm heliostat in combination with a 20-cm f/100 objective lens to provide a 20-cm solar image for monochromatic filters during the following year.


Abstract The process of creating a transeuropean interoperable rail network is an everyday challenge, creating new problems due to different track gauges or voltage systems and leading to new technical developments, implementations and comfort improvements for passengers. Translators and interpreters are faced with various problems: terms and definitions vary between companies and synonyms are not recognised. Furthermore, there is still a lack of mono- and bilingual handbooks, which cover all the aspects and technical components of passenger trains and multiple units. The following glossary is part of a terminological diploma thesis on passenger trains written at the University of Leipzig.


A large part of the built cultural heritage is affected by structural damages which may lead to infringements of the essential quality requirements of the buildings. Structural analysis contributes to the safety assessment and design of the necessary interventions, therefore accurate results are needed in order to avoid inappropriate rehabilitation solutions. This paper describes the modelling methods of masonry structures taking into consideration different strategies of analysis in correlation with the complexity of the investigated elements and with the type of the expected results. Advantages and disadvantages of different modelling techniques and the applicability of the latter in the field of old masonry structures assessment are presented. Also, a case study composed of different FEM analysis for a masonry monumental building is presented. Aspects resulted from modal and linear static analysis are discussed.


We agree with Rachlin's argument that altruism is best understood as a case of self-control, and that a behavioral analysis is appropriate. However, the appeal to teleological behaviorism and the value of behavioral patterns may be unnecessary. Instead, we argue that altruism can generally be explained with traditional behavioral principles such as negative reinforcement, conditioned reinforcement, and rule-governed behavior.


While organisations in regional Australia face the difficulty of attracting skilled labour, an increasing number of individuals are considering amenity-lifestyle changes, commonly known as ̳sea-change' or ̳treechange' decisions. So how does this promotion of WLB appeal to individuals' mobility and decision making-processes specifically in relation to employment decisions? In particular, are individuals motivated by job satisfaction, life satisfaction or both? This issue will be examined through the development of a conceptual model and set of hypotheses designed to test the attractiveness of a move to regional Australia against variables such as work factors, demographic factors, social factors and perceptions of regional Australia. . Proposed findings will focus on developing human resource strategies that better match the needs of regional organisations with the motivations and intentions of skilled migratory labour.


Seven garden tree species were measured in July,2003,by using LI-6400 potable photosynthesis system.The results are as follows: The daily average WUE are 8.74,8.20,,6.76,6.39,4.62,3.46 and 2.51 for Syringa vulgaris,Kerria japonica,Wisteria sinensis,Magnolia denudata,Deutzia parviflore,Forsythia suspense and Prunus davidiana,suggesting that the first 3 tree species have relatively higher water use efficiency than others.Information and data presented here are helpful to choose treee species and guide the water management during the garden practices.


Let $Y\to X$ be an unramified Galois cover of curves over a perfect field $k$ of characteristic $p>0$ with $\mathrm{Gal}(Y/X)\cong\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$, and let $J_X$ and $J_Y$ be the Jacobians of $X$ and $Y$ respectively. We consider the $p$-torsion subgroup schemes $J_X[p]$ and $J_Y[p]$. The three main themes are: the Galois-module structure of $J_Y[p]$; restrictions this structure imposes on $J_Y[p]$ (for example, as manifested in its Ekedahl--Oort type) taking $J_X[p]$ as given; and methods for explicitly computing the group schemes $J_X[p]$ and $J_Y[p]$.


This research has been conducted to analyze the effect of financialperformance on the effective tax rate. The effective tax rate is the determinantof the company's income tax percentage payment. This research choosesinfrastructure, utility and transportation sectors companies, considering themission of the government era of Jokowi namely equitable development. Inaddition, the Business Entity Development Cooperation (KPBU) has beenconducted to accelerate the realization of this equitable development. Therole of the private sector is also used in equitable development. The writer isinterested in observing whether the taxes paid have been effective or not.The independent variables in this study are profitability, intensity fixed assets,leverage and firm size, the dependent variable of this study is the effectivetax rate. The sample of this research is companies in the infrastructure,utility and transportation sectors which are listed on the Indonesia StockExchange (IDX) with the research period 2014–2018. Data collection usespurposive sampling method. The population used in this study is 52 companies.Based on the results of observation, the sample that can be used in thisstudy is 42 companies. This study uses data analysis multiple linear regression.The results of this study indicate that profitability has a negative effect,the intensity of fixed assets a negative effect, leverage has a positiveeffect, and company size has a negative significant effect on effective taxrate.


In 1997, the National Institute of Standards and Technology send out a call for candidates to replace the aging and obsolete Data Encryption Standard (DES). NIST then announced the selection of Rijndael as the proposed Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) [1]. Rijndael, submitted by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen is designed for the use with keys of lengths 128, 192, and 256 bits. Although AES uses the same three key size alternatives, it limits the block length to 128 bits [2].


Malaysian education system nowadays have reach a good standard. Ministry of Education has launch several of education plan in order to bring up our education plan in order to bring up our education level as other developed country. As all the school education organization are working on the plan we have to make sure that we are moving parallel with the passage of time. Therefore, it is better for a school organization to apply the technology usage in their school management. In certain school, they are still left behind in technology. As we can see the school organization are lack of suitable facilities for pleasant teaching and learning environment. Next, they are also lack of effective way in delivering important announcement to the school members. Thus, G-Suite Digital School for Education is introduce to help fellow teachers to educate their student in effective way. By using G-Suite Digital School for Education, it does not just involve the teachers but it also involve the parents, students and also other parties who are interested in knowing about the school. The objectives of this project is to develop a digital school model for effective learning and to test the acceptance of the proposed model through case study. Agile methodology has been embedded in the development of the website for a school organization. The development of website as the methodology and prototype of this study consists of six phases, which are planning phase, analysis phase, design phase, implementation phase, testing phase and maintenance phase. After the website has been developed, the school are able to conduct a pleasant teaching and learning environment to the students and teachers beside able to deliver important announcement to the public effectively.


The objective of the study is to determine the factors affecting underpricing behaviour of  IPOs in Saudi stock market. A special interest is to study the effect of Shariah compliance of Saudi investors on the extent IPO underpricing. The paper uses multiple regression analysis on the IPOs data for Saudi Stock market from 2004 to 2017 with a total of 105 observations.The results show overwhelming evidence of underpricing of IPOs during the first day trading. The most important result of this piece of research is that investors positively respond to the IPOs with Shariah compliance and return is negatively affected by Shariah board. The results also show that the abnormal returns are driven by the demand side factors like oversubscription. Other findings of the study show that premium to face value, type of audit firms and underwriters, and Saudi stock market index are significant determinants of the underpricing of IPOs.The most important implication of this paper is that the existence of abnormal first day return in Saudi stock market shows the existence of market imperfections. By motivating the investors to invest in Shariah compliant IPOs, decreasing the element of uncertainty and ensuring information symmetry these abnormal returns can be normalized. The results show that Saudi society is partial towards Shariah compliant investment opportunities and the investors' desire to avoid investments involving Haram activities can be used to reduce market imperfections.This paper identifies the important determinants of IPOs underpricing in Saudi stock market and sheds light on the effect of Shariah compliant firms on IPO underpricing. Keywords – IPOs, Underpricing, Shariah Compliance, Auditor, Stock Market, Saudi Arabia


From her national unification in the years between 1859-1861 to the Cold War, Italy's diplomatic, military and naval strategies focused on becoming a major European and Mediterranean Power alongside established wealthier rivals. Cyclically, foreign and domestic political pressures both propelled and restrained Italy's drive for national security and regional pre-eminence in the Mediterranean, where a fluid, but still constraining, balance of power frustrated her efforts. Faced with insoluble contradictions between regional ambitions and limited resources, Italy creatively exploited both alliance-building in Europe and technological naval innovations to cyclically pursue her regional strategic aims during the Early-Liberal (1848-1896), Late-Liberal (1896-1922), Fascist (1922-1945), and Atlantic eras (1945-2000). But these efforts were doomed by faulty strategic planning and wavering governmental commitment to invest sufficient national resources in the Navy, thus exposing a fatal gap between Italy's prestigious peacetime military facade and her insufficient war-fighting capabilities to attain regional pre-eminence in wartime. This book also examines how the Post-Cold War era and the collapse of the Soviet Union's threat, further lessened Italy's politico-financial pressure to assume a leading role in the Mediterranean.


The capabilities of graphing calculators are changing the way we teach as well as the content and scope of what is taught in basic mathematics. In the United States, following recommendations of the NCTM Standards, recursive procedures, traditionally excluded from pre-college mathematics, began to appear at different levels from elementary to introductory college courses. The ability to i) repeat an instruction or a set of instructions with a single keystroke, ii) to make the output of a calculation the input for the next, and iii) to be able to stop and analyze or modify an iterative process provides a tool of great interest from both the pedagogical and the practical point of view. At the elementary level modern elementary calculators, allow to easily define constant operations that can be used to discover patterns, to reinforce basic facts via the "guess and check" approach, to investigate the relations between basic operations or even their rate of growth, etc. It is however at the secondary level where recursive procedures, accessible via graphing calculators, have the potential for a major impact. In this presentation we show examples from different mathematical areas to illustrate (i) some recursive procedures, that can be easily implemented without programming, (ii) associated powerful mathematical models traditionally taught in upper levels to a selected group of students and now accessible at lower levels to most students, and finally (iii) how recursion, in some cases, provides an alternative problem solving approach less dependent on readymade formulas.


The paper analyses the copyright problem in digital library construction and introduces the present situation of copyright problem in our countries' digital library.Also the author puts forward a series of measures to solve the copyright problem in digital library.


Soil carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio is one of the important properties of terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we report a study of soil C:N ratio dynamics in wheat‐corn double cropping systems based on four long‐term experimental sites in China: three in the temperate zone and one in the sub‐tropical zone. We evaluate effects of long‐term fertilizer input on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) by comparing three treatments: no added fertilizer (the control), added nitrogen‐phosphorus‐potassium chemical fertilizers (NPK), and chemical fertilizers combined with manure (NPKM). Our study shows that SOC and TN had different responses to the treatments. There was an increasing trend in SOC, even without fertilizer. However, applying inorganic fertilizers only (NPK) did not maintain TN contents at some sites. The NPKM treatment resulted in a large increase in both SOC (35–147%) and TN (33 to 10%) contents, relative to the initial values. The soil C:N ratio showed a significant increase over time at the sub‐tropical site but little change at the three temperate sites. Our analysis showed similar C:N ratios (37–38) in gross input of organic materials under the NPK treatments. However, the estimated C:N ratio during decomposition was much smaller at the sub‐tropical site (23.7) than at the three temperate sites (44.0–48.2) under the NPK treatments, which may explain the increased soil C:N ratio at the sub‐tropical site. Thus, we conclude that variations in soil C:N ratio are not caused by organic matter inputs but by decomposition in the wheat‐corn double cropping systems.


PURPOSE: An alicyclic photosensitive polymer is provided, whose main chain comprises only a norbornene-type unit to assure the tolerance sufficiently as to a dry etching, and a resist compound including the polymer is provided to provide a good performance in a lithography process using an ArF eximer laser. CONSTITUTION: A photosensitive polymer has an average molecular weight of 3000-100000. A resist compound is provided which comprises the photosensitive polymer and a PAG(PhotoAcid Generator), and an amount of 1-15wt% PAG is included. Triarylsulfonium salts, diaryliodonium salts, sulfonates or a compound thereof can be used as the PAG. The resist compound can further include an organic base of 0.01-2.0 wt%. And, a polymer blend where at least more than two species of photosensitive polymers and a resist compound comprising the PAG are provided.


The present study aims to explore the relationship between social loneliness and online interaction through WhatsApp addiction among a sample of Indian and Fijian respondents. Based on the responses of 202 Indian and 73 Fijian respondents, the present research study validated the mediating role of WhatsApp addiction, revealing that social loneliness increased the possibility of preferring to interact online through increased WhatsApp addiction. The empirical results showed that the underlying mechanism of social loneliness might indirectly influence consumers' preference for online social interaction (POSI). The study further assessed the moderating role of culture in the association between social loneliness and POSI. Findings of the moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that, the association between loneliness and preference to socialize online differed, based on the identified cultural differences between Indian and Fijian groups.


Hydrogenases are metalloenzymes and play a pivotal role in the energy metabolism of a variety of microorganisms. They catalyze the reversible cleavage of molecular hydrogen into two protons and two electrons. However, one drawback is their catalytic inactivation upon exposure to oxygen. [FeFe]-hydrogenases are irreversibly inactivated by oxygen, whereas [NiFe]-hydrogenases usually are reversibly inactivated to the so-called 'ready' and 'unready' states. Only a few [NiFe]hydrogenases show a remarkable oxygen-tolerance, e.g. the [NiFe]-hydrogenases from the 'Knallgasbacterium' Ralstonia eutropha H16 investigated in this work. Re H16 harbors three different [NiFe]-hydrogenases, all of them being able to oxidize molecular hydrogen under ambient oxygen concentrations. The goal of this work was to understand the origin of this oxygen-tolerance on a molecular level and to study structure/function-relationships of the involved cofactors using a combination of EPR and FTIR spectroscopy. EPR spectroscopy can be applied to detect all paramagnetic species and to obtain information about their electronic and in its more advanced variant the geometric structure, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy applied to hydrogenases specifically monitors the stretching modes of the inorganic ligands at the Fe to follow redox changes of the [NiFe] center. An important aspect of this thesis was to study biological systems in their native environment, e.g. in whole cells or membrane fragments. The membrane-bound [NiFe]-hydrogenase (MBH) from Re H16 was studied mainly in its native environment, i.e. in membrane fragments that harbor over-produced MBH. All catalytically active redox states of the [NiFe] center were identified. However, the 'unready' Niu-A, observed in standard [NiFe]-hydrogenases could not be detected, which seems to be a common feature of all oxygen-tolerant [NiFe]-hydrogenases. It was shown, that the MBH contains an additional highpotential paramagnetic center. Concomitant electrochemical experiments revealed that the MBH can be reactivated very fast at high potentials, which might indicate an important role of the additional high-potential center. This center could influence the catalytic cycle by providing electrons to avoid Niu-A formation. The hyperfine structure of the Nir-B state (oxidized enzyme) was investigated in more detail by pulsed EPR methods, namely ENDOR and ESEEM spectroscopy. The results were compared with the standard [NiFe]-hydrogenase from D. vulgaris Miyazaki F. Both hydrogenases showed a similar spin density distribution in their [NiFe] center indicating that the spatial structures of the active sites are identical. Two large hf-couplings arising from the β -protons of one bridging cysteine sulfur were resolved and simulated in orientation-selective ENDOR spectra. With ESEEM spectroscopy a nitrogen located in a histidine residue in the second coordination sphere of the Ni was detected, which is a known property of many [NiFe]-hydrogenases. This histidine is hydrogen-bonded to the same bridging sulfur. Another interesting feature of oxygen-tolerant membrane-bound [NiFe]-hydrogenases is the presence of two additional cysteine residues in the vicinity of the proximal [4Fe4S]-cluster. Muta-


The relational expression between the mounting height and the allowablesuctlift in the product specification of the centrifugal pump were the results measured when rinsing of 20℃ was transporting and the external pressure was at 9.81×104Pa.When the external pressure was not at 9.81×104Pa,or the rinsing was not 20℃,the relation about mounting height and allowablesuctlift should adjust accordingly.In order to find out the mounting height of centrifugal pump,efforts had to be made into the study of the external pressure and conveying object by taking advantage of the allowablesuctlift and eventually three correlation equations about the mounting height and the allowablesuctlift were obtained.


This monograph aims to analyze which aspects were important for a fantastic genre
series could reach the adult audience and achieve such success. It was chosen the
Game of Thrones series as the object of this study, both for being the main reference
for the genre, as for his television series format. The resources used by the series in
the pursuit of the public and what relationship was built between them. Explaining how it was possible that a controversial series and extensive as Game of Thrones was produced and shown on television and what changes allowed it to happen. Also what esthetic and narrative diferences were needed to attract and hold your target audience.


Anthony B. (Tony) Atkinson, who died on 1 January 2017, was not a historian of economic thought in the more specific sense. However, he was an economist who was extraordinarily well read and broadminded, being always open to alternative approaches and points of view, whether they came from contemporary economists or economists from the past. Above all, he was a reflective scientist who thought much about developments in our subject and its contributions to society, and this often led him to relate his and others' work to that of past economists. Thus, there are good reasons to commemorate his contributions in the pages of a journal of the history of economic thought. Below I describe his most important work in two broad areas: his theoretical contribution to the modernization of public economics and his theoretical and empirical research in the area of income distribution. I do not go into the more technical aspects of his work but instead emphasize his analyses of important issues of public policy and his general view of economics and its past and present development. It is with a mixture of gratification and sadness that I write these words in Tony's memory. The gratification of paying tribute to a great economist


Vehicle parameters affect the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle. Generally, the vehicle parameters are fixed. However, the parameters may be changed by the options of vehicle and tuning even if the vehicle has been manufactured on the same platform. This paper shows how to analyze ESP performance by the driving simulation test at extreme condition and by changing the vehicle parameters. ESP system was developed using Carsim and Matlab/Simulink. The simulation result are to be presented and discussed in this paper.


We derive a comprehensive coupled-mode theory, including resonant vertical radiation, for the analysis of non-periodic grating circular Bragg lasers. We analyze the threshold levels and modal properties of such lasers employing mixed-order Bragg gratings to achieve both strong confinement and efficient vertical emission. By reducing the threshold gain and maximizing the emission efficiency, we suggest an optimal design for the circular Bragg microdisk lasers which indicates low-threshold and high-efficiency operation is possible.


The spectrum of radiation emitted following shock breakout from a star's surface with a power-law density profileρ∝ xn is investigated. Assuming planar geometry, local Compton e quilibrium and bremsstrahlung emission as the dominant photon production mechanism, nume rical solutions are obtained for the photon number density and temperature profiles as a function of time, fo r hydrogen-helium envelopes. The temperature solutions are determined by the breakout shock velocity v0 and the pre-shock breakout density ρ0, and depend weakly on the value of n. Fitting formulas for the peak surface temperature at break out as a function of v0 and ρ0 are provided, withTpeak≈ 9.44exp[12.63(v0/c)] eV, and the time dependence of the surface temperature is tabulated. The time integrated emitted spectrum is a robu st prediction of the model, determined by Tpeakand v0 alone and insensitive to details of light travel time or slig ht deviations from spherical symmetry. Adopting commonly assumed progenitor parameters, breakout luminos ities of≈ 1045 erg s−1 and≈ 1044 erg s−1 in the 0.3-10 keV band are expected for BSG and RSG/He-WR progenito rs respectively ( Tpeak is well below the band for RSGs, unless their radius is ∼ 1013 cm). > 30 detections of SN1987A-like (BSG) breakouts are expected over the lifetime ofROSATandXMM-Newton. An absence of such detections would imply that either the ty pical parameters assumed for BSG progenitors are grossly inc orrect or that their envelopes are not hydrostatic. The observed spectrum and duration of XRF 080109/SN2008D ar e in tension with a non-relativistic breakout from a stellar surface interpretation. Subject headings: radiation hydrodynamics — shock waves — supernovae: genera l


The paper considers the regularities of changes in the microhardness of carbon steels during gas-laser cutting. Quantitative numerical estimates of the extent of the gas-laser thermal influence zone are made. It is shown that according to the data of durometric analysis, the length of the zone of gas-laser thermal influence reaches 2200 microns.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a comb copolymer shrinkage reducing agent. The comb copolymer shrinkage reducing agent is prepared by carrying out radical copolymerization and polymerization of a monomer A: ether macromonomer containing unsaturated double bonds, a monomer B: (methyl) crylic acid or salts thereof, a monomer C: alkoxyl polyether (methyl) acrylic ester and a monomer D: maleic anhydride monoester or diester under the action of an initiator, and regulating the pH value to 6.0-8.0 after the reaction is ended, wherein the mole ratio of the monomer A to the monomer B to the monomer C and the monomer D is 1.0: (0.2-1.0): (0-1.0): (0-1.0), the monomer A and the monomer B are necessary, and the monomer C or the monomer D can both be zero, but not necessary simultaneously. The preparation method has simple synthesis process, is easy to control reaction process and can not generate crosslinking phenomenon, and the like. The invention achieves better shrinkage reduction effect under the lower doping amount, overcomes the defect of strength reduction of an alcohol shrinkage reduction agent and a polyethers shrinkage reduction agent and has the compression strength at 28d larger than the strength of standard concrete.


Membrane technologies for supply water treatment system was reviewed in this paper.The advantages of membrane technologies were discussed, such as they can effectively remove turbidity, pathogenic bacteria and parasite cycts, and NF and RO also can remove organic pollutants including pesticides with high removal efficiency. Further more, the membrane facility is very compact and occupies small space comparing to conventional treatment system, and reduce the capital cost significantly.


This paper analyses the trade off between productivity and participation in different regions of the world for 1980-2005 with particular focus on developing economies. Patterns of employment productivity trade off have been analyzed across region and time period. We find these trade off vary across countries and depend on different income groups and regions. Results show that Africa is a victim of low productivity trap because of unproductive employment growth, whereas Southeast Asian region and to some extent South Asian region showed positive growth both in employment and productivity. Cross country empirical analysis shows that in developed high income economies this trade off fades away within 7 years, however, in case of developing and low income countries this tradeoff can last for even more than 10 years. These different trade-offs can be explained by differences in structural transformation phases and differences in labour market institutions between developed and emerging countries.


The Boundary Element Method (BEM) is an efficient numerical approach for solving an acoustical problem in the frequency domain. Due to the transformation of the differential equation onto the surface, a two-dimensional description is sufficient for the solution of a three-dimensional problem. The geometries are usually developed within CAD software that are able to represent curved shapes exactly. In the classical procedure these representations are discretized by elements based on Lagrange polynomials, in most cases by an automesh tool. This can lead to either a poor quality or manual improvement consumes a lot of time. The goal of the Isogeometric BEM is to directly incorporate the geometry description of the CAD tools, which are based on Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS). On one hand the required mesh is easier to carry over to the BEM tool, since the underlying shape description is the same. On the other hand the surface is represented exactly in contrast to the approximation by the Lagrange polynomials. In this contribution the procedure of the new geometry description is depicted and numerical examples show the correct implementation, but also reveal the new challenges.


MANUFACTURING, Edited by Galip Ulsoy Manufacturing Systems and Their Design Principles, M.G. Mehrabi, A.G. Ulsoy, and Y.Koren Computer-Aided Process Planning For Machining, Derek Yip-Hoi Discrete Event Control of Manufacturing Systems, D.M. Tilbury and P.P. Khargonekar Machine Tool Vibrations, Yusuf Altintas Machine Tool Monitoring and Control, Kourosh Danai Process Monitoring and Control of Machining Operations, Robert G. Landers, A. Galip Ulso, and Richard J. Furness Forming Processes: Monitoring and Control, David E. Hardt Assembly and Welding Processes and their Monitoring and Control, S. Jack Hu and Elijah Kannatey-Asibu, Jr. Control of Polymer Processing, David Kazmer and Kourosh Danai Precision Manufacturing, Thomas R. Kurfess VIBRATION CONTROL, Edited by Nejat Olgac Active Damping of Large Trusses, Preumont, F. Bossens, and N. Loix Semi-Active Suspension Systems, Nader Jalili Semi-Active Suspension Systems II, Michael Valasek and Willi Kortum Active Vibration and Absorption and Delayed Feedback Tuning, Nejat Olgac and Martin Hosek Vibration Suppression Utilizing Piezoelectric Networks, K.W. Wang Vibration Reduction via the Boundary Control Method, Siddharth P. Nagarkatti and Darren M. Dawson DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF AEROSPACE SYSTEMS: AN INTRODUCTION TO TENSEGRITY STRUCTURES, Edited by Robert E. Skelton An Introduction to the Mechanics of Tensegrity Structures, Robert E. Skelton, J. William Helton, Rajesh Adhikari, Jean-Paul P. Pinaud, and Waileung Chan The Dynamics of the Class 1 Shell Tensegrity Structure, Robert E. Skelton and Jean-Paul Pinaud, D.L. Mingori ROBOTICS, Edited by Miomir Vukobratovic Robot Kinematics, Bruno Siciliano Robot Dynamics ,Miomir Vukobratovic and V. Potkonjak Actuators and Computer-Aided Design of Robots, Miomir Vukobratovic, V. Potkonjak, Masaharu Takano, and Kenji Inoue Control of Robots, Miomir Vukobratovic and D. Stokic Control of Robotic Systems in Contact Tasks, Miomir Vukobratovic andD. Surdilovic Intelligent Soft-Computing Techniques in Robotics, D. Katic and B. Karan Teleoperation, Telerobotics, A. Bejczy Mobile Robotic Systems, Nenad M. Kircanski Humanoid Robots, Miomir Vukobratovic , Branislav Borovac, D. Stokic, and D. Surdilovic Present State and Future Trends in Robot Applications, M. Hagele and Dieter Schraft


As the number of passengers using aircraft increases around the world, there may be more medical measures needed within the aircraft. These medical measures may also include measures against serious situations such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, since the environment is different from the hospital in the aircraft, it may be difficult to cope with such a situation. Moreover, such in-flight CPR may become more difficult at a time when the proportion of out-ofhospital CPR is decreasing due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, I would like to summarize how in-flight CPR is performed and review the main discussions on CPR in the COVID-19 pandemic, and finally suggest how to perform a safe CPR in the COVID-19 situation. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Korean Journal of Aerospace & Environmental Medicine is the property of Aerospace Medical Association of Korea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)


Utilization of Biomass for power generation prevents the emission of greenhouse gases. Industrial coal and petroleum coke gasification projects (for chemicals, hydrogen, power) are getting bigger. Residues obtained during Agricultural and industrial processing can be used to generate power for rural electrification in villages. Gasification is a process which converts carbonaceous materials to a combustible or synthetic gas contains (H2, CO, CO2, CH4). Combustible components include CO, H2 and traces of Methane and other products like tar and dust. Experiments carried out on wood husk gasification using air as a gasifying agent is presented in the present work. The lower calorific Value of fuel used for experimental studies is 15.5 MJ/kg. Silica sand of mean diameter 250 μm is used as an inert bed material in the CFB gasifier. The superficial velocity of 0.2 to 0.5 m/s and an operating temperature of 700.908oC were maintained in the CFB gasifier.


In article investigated and analyzed the activities of public associations that is particularly relevant in Ukraine in the last decade. Also defined feature of civil status on the basis of analysis of the current legislation in Ukraine. It must be noted that in recent years the processes of Association of citizens in public enterprises more consistently transformed in the process of formation of civil society in Ukraine. The authors have made emphasis on the fact that public organizations have a special influence on the development of society in Ukraine. Analyzed the new Law of Ukraine "On public associations" and identifies its advantages and disadvantages over the previous law. The analysis of activity of public associations indicates their significant role in the state. The authors noted that providing national security is a matter not only of public authorities but also the whole society and each citizen.


Medical image processing has become one of the most significant fields in the area of research. Different medical imaging modalities like CT, MRI, Ultrasound, and so on. Deep learning techniques have been turned out one of the successful and most promising techniques used for medical image processing. This paper reviews the medical imaging techniques and performances based on deep learning methods. The deep learning classifier is the best in finding classification problems in medical image processing. Various deep learning classifiers are reviewed and compared with their accomplished results in terms of accuracy.


The transient process of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Unit 2 was analyzed by the severe accident analysis code, SAMPSON. One of the characteristic phenomena in Unit 2 is that the reactor core isolation cooling system (RCIC) worked for an unexpectedly long time (about 70 h) without batteries and consequently core damage was delayed when compared to Units 1 and 3. The mechanism of how the RCIC worked such a long time is thought to be due to balance between injected water from the RCIC pump and the supplied mixture of steam and water sent to the RCIC turbine. To confirm the RCIC working conditions and reproduce the measured plant properties, such as pressure and water level in the pressure vessel, we introduced a two-phase turbine driven pump model into SAMPSON. In the model, mass flow rate of water injected by the RCIC was calculated through turbine efficiency degradation the originated from the mixture of steam and water flowing to the RCIC turbine. To reproduce the drywell pressure, we assumed that the torus room was flooded by the tsunami and heat was removed from the suppression chamber to the sea water. Although uncertainties, mainly regarding behavior of debris, still remain because of unknown boundary conditions, such as alternative water injection by fire trucks, simulation results by SAMPSON agreed well with the measured values for several days after the scram.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


The produce of a country exchanges for the produce of other countries, at such values as are required in order that the whole of her exports may exactly pay for the whole of her imports. . . . So that supply and demand are but another expression for reciprocal demand: and to say that value will adjust itself so as to equalize demand with supply, is in fact to say that it will adjust itself so as to equalize the demand on one side with the demand on the other. ([1848] 1920, 592–93)


satisfy die-hard fans, but also intrigue those who did not grow up yelling "Cowabunga!". Both Farago's and Rosenbaum's prose is informed by an extensive knowledge of their subject matter and fuelled by pure, unabashed adoration of all things Ninja Turtles. This is especially notable in Rosenbaum's case, as he often veers off into what might be termed internet comment sections territory; for instance, he calls M. Night Shyamalan's The Village "total bullshit" (5, n. 4) and describes the (at that time still unreleased) 2012 Michael Bayproduced Ninja Turtles movie a "crime against God and man. And turtle" (112). However, the fan angle and passion for the subject that permeate every sentence only heightens the overall reading pleasure. Given their lack of academic pretension and mostly informal tone, both publications succeed best as resource books, ones that will hopefully be useful and interesting for fans and researchers alike. Offering a wealth of information within relatively short, densely packed volumes, The Ultimate Visual History and Raise Some Shell are a most welcome addition to the sparse literature on the TMNT. Combined with Kevin Eastman's TMNT Artobiography (2002; reprinted by IDW in 2013) and the documentary Turtle Power: Definitive History of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (dir. Randall Lobb, 2014), the volumes under review present a satisfying and informative read and are sure to become a valuable reference for fans, but ideally also a springboard for future scholarly ventures into this virtually unexplored, yet highly stimulating field. Nada Kujundžić


Purpose of the article: Purpose of the article is to provide an overview of the original ideas and theoretical approaches in the field of competence approach of project managers. Methodology/methods: A comprehensive review of the most cited scientific literature and articles published predominately in past ten years in personnel oriented journals was carried out. Scientific aim: The contribution is the identification of the different understanding of competence and competency definitions and competence based approaches (Management by Competencies, Competence models) to obtain holistic view and the ability to perceive competences/competencies as an important part of project management in all its contexts. Findings: There had been identified differences in perception of competence and competency. Next up competencies were classified and application of competency model in work of project managers thanks to management by competencies had been introduced. Conclusions: The paper provides better understanding of the topic and are subsequently a basis for processing research in the current state of managerial competencies in Czech companies with project passed organizational structure.


Isolation of rodent endothelial cells from lymphatic capillaries with yields that allow extensive functional studies remains challenging due to low cell numbers, variable purity, and limited growth potential. The purpose of this study was the generation and preliminary characterization of rat lymphatic cell line with extended replicative capacity. This cell line is intended for in vitro studies of cellular transport in lymphatic endothelium and for in vivo experiments in rat animal models.


There are at least six different approaches to integration adopted by educationalists in recent years. These interconnect and may partially overlap. Two kinds of confusion in talk of integration are identified, along with four other substantive questions that would-be faith-learning , integrationists need to address. Neither incarnational integration nor perspectival integration are adequate on their own. Evangelical and Reformed traditions are both at their best when they combine incarnational and perspectival in their efforts to integrate faith and learning.


The uniform nanometersized Fe particle was prepared by electrodeposition method in the FeSO\-4H\-2O system with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid,Sodium salt(DBS).The particle was characterized by Scanning Electron microscope(SEM) and the catalytic behaviours were tested by experiment system of synthesis ammonia.The average particle size was30nm.The results show that the introduction of DBS is helpful to form pure nanometersized Fe crystal phase.


The article deals with Jan Kochanowski's Psałterz Dawidów [David's Psalter], published in 1579. This paraphrase of the biblical Psalter, intensely lyrical in its spirit, was inspired by George Buchanan's Latin poetic paraphrase of the Psalms, which is strongly Horatianising. Kochanowski's work can be seen as a presentation of humanist piety. That is to say that the borders between secular and sacred spaces, or even between Judeo-Christian and Pagan traditions, may seem blurred. The Psalter is also interconfessional (or "doctrinally neutral") and acts as a universal mirror reflecting the human mind. The author analyses three of Kochanowski's Psalms to demonstrate the intellectual and emotional space of his Psalter and its polyphonic structure: 1 (Beatus vir qui non abiit in consilio impiorum), 19 (Caeli enarrant gloriam Dei) and 91 (Qui habitat in adiutorio Altissimi), displaying some interplays of ideas and different approaches to paraphrasing applied by the poet.


: Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by scaling and pruritus in seborrheic areas. One of the influencing factors of seborrheic dermatitis severity is sun exposure. However, the role of sun exposure in the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis is still controversial. Several studies showed sunlight can assist the improvement of seborrheic dermatitis, while other studies found sunlight can provoke exacerbation of symptoms. This study aims to investigate the correlation between duration of sun exposure and scalp seborrheic dermatitis severity score. We included 87 subjects with seborrheic dermatitis in the dermatology and venereology outpatient clinic, dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital,


The healthy HerbaHouttuyniae tea was developed with HerbaHouttuyniae, Chrysanthemum and ordinary oolong as raw material. The product was brown and clarity, the healthy tea tasted mellow and sugariness. The production operation, composition and techniques were also provided in this paper.


The elevated catecholamine levels in cirrhotic patients with ascites have been proposed to be due to sympathetic overactivity secondary either to reduced intravascular volume or to an underlying cardiovascular abnormality such as reduced pressor responsiveness. Furthermore, these elevated catecholamine levels have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of salt and water retention. Therefore, the effect of peritoneovenous shunting on the circulating levels and renal excretion of catecholamines were studied in six patients with massive refractive ascites preoperative within the first 8 hr postoperative and by 2 weeks postoperative under metabolic conditions. The recirculation of ascites into the intravascular compartment resulted perioperatively in significant rises in cardiac output (p = 0.001), para‐amino‐hippurate clearance (p = 0.08), creatinine clearance, diuresis (p = 0.05) and natriuresis (p = 0.06). Systemic blood pressure remained unchanged while systemic vascular resistance decreased (p < 0.05).


This paper presents a decoupled trajectory planning framework based on the integration of lattice searching and convex optimization for autonomous driving in structured environments. For a 3D trajectory planning problem with timestamps information, due to the presence of multiple kinds of constraints, the feasible domain is non-convex, so it is easy to fall into local optimum for trajectory planning. And the solution space of this problem is so enormous that it is difficult to identify an optimal solution in polynomial time. To address this non-convex problem, and to improve the convergence speed of an optimization process, the approach based on lattice searching is adopted in consideration of the ability to discretize driving environments and reduce the solution space. And the resulting path generated by lattice searching typically lies in the neighborhood of the global optimum. But this solution is neither spatiotemporally smooth nor globally optimal, so it is generally called the rough solution. For this reason, a subsequent nonlinear optimization process is introduced to refine the rough trajectory (combined by path and speed). The proposed framework is implemented and evaluated through simulations in various challenging scenarios in this paper. The simulation results verify that the trajectory planner can generate high-quality trajectories, and the execution time is also acceptable.


The light-induced degradation of amorphous silicon solar cells can be reversed by the application of a strong electric field in the dark, and the rate of reversal increases with field strength, temperature, and light intensity. The activation energy for annealing the degradation in the dark is reduced from about 1.34 eV under open circuit conditions to 1.16 eV by applying a strong reverse bias. When the degraded cells are exposed to intense illumination in addition to a strong reverse bias, the activation energy for the recovery of the performance decreases to about 0.77 eV. Both the light-induced degradation and the reversal of the degradation can be explained by a model based on proton motion within a metastable defect complex.


A simple stereoselective synthesis of 2Z and 2Z,1′E alkyl 3-acyloxy-2-(2,2-disubstituted ethenyl) aminopropenoates 4 from alkyl 2-(2,2-disubstituted ethenyl)amino-3-dimethylaminopropenoates 1 in 12–91% yield is presented.


To predict the tendency of oil to form paraffin deposits there is applied the rheological research method, phase transitions of paraffins research in five various crude oils of the oil fields in Udmurtia and Syria. The wax appearance temperature (WAT) was determined based on the viscosity-temperature curves of the studied crude oils. The comparative analysis of the WAT values was conducted by the rheological method and the calculation method, based on ten different correlation equations. It is emphasized that the smallest indicator of the absolute deviation of the calculated WAT value from the experimental one was obtained for the correlation equations based on the content of solid paraffinic hydrocarbons. It was found that heavy resinous and highly resinous oils with a paraffin content of more than 5% were characterized by the highest values of WAT, which determines their closeness to paraffin saturation in reservoir conditions and a high tendency to form paraffin deposits.


The present invention discloses an exemplary photoelectric sensor, the sensor comprising: a transmitting portion for emitting light toward a target; and a receiving unit, for receiving the reflected light through a lens receiving the reflected light reflected by the target in the emitted light At least some. The sensor further includes a refraction block having a first surface and a block second surface, wherein the reflection from the lens receiving received light passes through the refraction block at least a first surface and a second refractive surface being the block of the block. The sensor also includes a photodetector for receiving the reflected light refracted by the refraction block, and providing a detection signal, the detection signal indicative of the reflected light received.


Phillips and Smith extend debates about comparative epistemologies onto both the process and concept of rural gentrification. In doing so, they illustrate the forms of comparative research, their various critiques and limitations, and the different ways comparative strategies can illuminate new understandings of rural gentrification. Their opening dialogue connects the field of rural geography more directly with theoretical conversations taking place largely in the realm of urban geography, and I find their explication of the various comparative strategies useful in thinking about the ways in which one might approach comparative research. I, however, also find their discussion of comparison somewhat "flat" in the sense that they emphasize comparison between places (north vs. south, urban vs. rural, etc.). Comparison between places is certainly one approach that can generate new understandings of a spatial phenomenon, but comparison across scales—both spatial and temporal—also has the potential to reveal new ways in which the movement of people, capital, and ideas produce and reproduce contemporary landscapes.


Addiction remains one of our society's major public health problems, posing a significant threat to the health, social and economic fabric of individuals, families, communities and nations. Over the past two decades, preclinical and clinical research studies have yielded significant new information that has contributed to improving our understanding of the neural substrates underlying the biological basis of addictive-like behaviors. However, even as scientists learn more about the neurobiological underpinnings of addiction, a great deal remains unknown and new categories of addictions (e.g. prescription medications, food, internet, gambling, sex, shopping) are being defined.

The theme of this issue centers on the neurobiology of addictive-like behaviors. As illustrated in the accompanying articles, addiction is varied and complex, and is often co-morbid with other psychiatric disorders. Convergent evidence from the fields of neuroscience, genetics and psychiatry has provided significant insight into the neurobiological adaptations underlying addictive-like behaviors. In the present issue, the topic of the neurobiology of addictive-like behaviors will be considered from several different perspectives. Hsiung, Wu and Schulz discuss the importance of the development of appropriate animal models to study addictive-like behaviors. Steiner and Van Waes review the effects of psychostimulants (e.g. cocaine, amphetamine) on gene regulation in the brain and discuss how these molecular changes contribute to the addiction liability of these substances. Furthermore, as reviewed by Quinones-Jenab and Jenab, the contribution of gender has taken on new importance in the management of addictive-related behaviors and studies examining the influence of sex in substance abuse, for example, have shown differences in all aspects of drug abuse history (i.e. age of first use, progression to dependence, and propensity to relapse following drug abstinence). More recently, an emphasis has been placed on the study of addictive-like behaviors related to non-drug related 'reinforcers', such as food. Corwin and Babbs introduces the notion of binge eating in the context of the field of addictive-like behaviors. The neurobiological mechanisms that control food intake, particularly excessive food intake, and how these systems may be co-opted to control consumption of the commonly-used drug, alcohol, will be reviewed by Barson and colleagues. Finally, Michaelides and colleagues will discuss the striking similarities in functional impairment within discrete brain regions and neurotransmitter circuits between drug addiction and obesity.

To understand addictive-like behaviors, it is necessary to elucidate the fundamental neural (e.g. synaptic) adaptations that occur following a single exposure to a 'natural' reward or addictive drug and, subsequently, how repetitive exposure may lead to neural circuit dysfunction that defines the phenotype of addiction. As our basic knowledge of adaptive experience-dependent plasticity continues to progress, it will lead to a better understanding of the substrates underlying neural circuit dysfunction and circuit re-modeling in addictive-like behaviors that will allow the identification of novel targets for intervention and treatment (Luscher and Malenka).


Allianz Life Indonesia was established in 1996. The company offers life, health and pension fund solutions. In 2009, gross written premium stood at US$ 360 million. The company currently insures over 1 million people and has over 600 employees. Allianz Life Indonesia started microinsurance activity in 2006. It has sold over 750,000 microinsurance policies, mostly credit life, personal accident, and in collaboration with its sister company Allianz General Indonesia business interruption. By the end of 2009, microinsurance customers represented over 20% of the company's total number of insured clients.


Compromising the online social network account of a genuine user, by imitating the user's writing trait for malicious purposes, is a standard method.,en, when it happens, the fast and accurate detection of intruders is an essential step to control the damage. In other words, an efficient authorship verification model is a binary classification for the investigation of the text, whether it is written by a genuine user or not. Herein, a novel authorship verification framework for hijacked social media accounts, compromised by a human, is proposed. Significant textual features are derived from a Twitter-based dataset.,ey are composed of 16124 tweets with 280 characters crawled and manually annotated with the authorship information. XGBoost algorithm is then used to highlight the significance of each textual feature in the dataset. Furthermore, the ELECTRE approach is utilized for feature selection, and the rank exponent weight method is applied for feature weighting. ,e reduced dataset is evaluated with many classifiers, and the achieved result of the F-score is 94.4%.


This study is an investigation of the effect of soil bioaugmentation (inoculation) on a field scale with the commercially available product RhizoVital®42, containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB4, on element bioavailability, plant biomass production, as well as accumulation of rare earth elements (REEs), germanium, and selected trace elements. Zea mays and Helianthus annuus were selected as test plants. Post-harvest, results showed inoculation increased biomass production of Z. mays and H. annuus by 24% and 26%, albeit insignificant at p ≤ 0.05. Bioaugmentation enhanced Z. mays shoot content of P, Cd, and Ge by percentages between 73% and 80% (significant only for Ge) and decreased shoot content of REET, Pb, and Cu by 28%, 35%, and 59%, respectively. For H. annuus grown on bioaugmented soil, shoot content of Ca, Cu, Ge, REET, and Pb increased by over 40%, with a negligible decrease observed for Cd. Summarily, results suggest that bioaugmentation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 could enhance biomass production, increase soil element bioavailability enhance, and increase or reduce plant accumulation of target elements. Additionally, differences in P use efficiency could influence bioaugmentation effects on P accumulation.


Thick silica films prepared on a stainless steel sheet by the electrophoretic sol-gel deposition in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a surfactant were found to be an agglomerate of fine silica particles. The size and the dispersity of the silica particles on the sheet were dependent on the concentrations of both tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and SDS. The particle size increased with an increase in the content of SDS. Monodispersed particles were obtained at relatively low concentrations of TEOS, whereas bimodal particles were deposited at higher concentrations of TEOS.


Abstract Conducting polymer composite has been prepared by the polymerization of pyrrole on the poly(amideimide) (PAI) matrix film. In order to enhance the electrostatic interaction between the two phases, sulfonate (SO3 −) group was introduced into the PAI structure. The presence of electrostatic interaction between conducting polypyrrole and sulfonated PAI has been monitored by the examination of the morphology, mechanical and electrical properties on the varying degrees of conducting polymer composition. As a result, sulfonated-PAI/polypyrrole composite exhibits superior electrical and morphological properties to PAI/polypyrrole system.


The calculation of transient electromagnetic fields is becoming more important future because of the increasing demands on system design under EMC-constraints. The switching of currents in a system of conductors is especially crucial because a transient wave is stimulated in the nonconducting environment which can be responsible for the default of electronic systems. The total energy which is radiated by the transient wave can be calculated by integrating the Poynting vector over an appropriate closed surface and over the time interval between the switching moment and infinity. The calculation of the total energy radiated by a switching process can be simplified by applying the principle of conservation of energy. As a consequence only the energy which is dissipated in the conducting space during the transient current distribution after the moment of switching has to be calculated. The applicability is shown for two examples. In the first one a permeable and conducting hollow sphere is exposed to the transient field of a current of arbitrary time dependence flowing in a loop of arbitrary shape. In the second, a continuous current flowing in a homogeneous two wire loop in parallel with a solid conductor of rectangular cross section is switched off. At the moment of switching a part of the energy of the nonconducting space is transferred by a guided wave. The remaining energy can be calculated from the current sheet which is excited on the conductor's surface at the moment of switching. This part of the energy is dissipated in the material during the following transient current distribution.


We investigate various types of inelastic collision of lumps and line solitons in the Maccari's system. Via the Hirota's bilinear method combined with the KP hierarchy reduction method, determinant semi-rational solutions consisting of lumps and line solitons are constructed. The collision of lumps and line solitons would generate various distinct types of inelastic interaction phenomena: line solitons fissioning into line solitons and lumps, lumps and line solitons fusing into line solitons, or a mixture of fusion and fission of lump and line soliton.


In this paper, we present GALES: our physicallycorrect, GPU-accelerated, Atmospheric LargeEddy Simulation. GALES is a mixed-precision LES implementation using NVIDIA's CUDA to parallelize and accelerate computation while also providing interactive visualization. GALES, with visualization, outperforms an existing LES implementation running on 32 processor cores of a supercomputer. We demonstrate physical correctness by comparing GALES's results to those of other LES implementations. The ability to run interactive, scientific simulations on a desktop computer offers new possibilities for atmospheric researchers.


Objective: Building and validating audiovisual communication and persuasive messages to motivate the use of antihypertensive drugs. Method: Methodological study based on the beliefs of people with systemic arterial hypertension in relation to drug treatment, supported by the Theory of Planned Behavior. The principles of Fleming and Persuasion were adopted for the development of audiovisual communication and messages. 13 expert judges performed the content validation, analyzed by the Content Validity Index. Results: the audiovisual communication has 3 minutes and 58 seconds in duration and 71 screens. Twenty-nine persuasive illustrated messages were considered valid, 15 positive and 14 negative messages. Conclusion and implications for practice: Audiovisual communication and persuasive messages were considered valid, adequate and capable of persuasion to motivate the use of oral antihypertensives. Intervention research is necessary to test the effect of audiovisual resources with the intention of carrying out the behavior.


In Volume II. Part 2 of this Journal there appeared a note by W. L. Balls on the above subject, in which he states that "long lint is completely dominant over short." This dominance, the present writer in India has found to occur in the case of crosses between many very different varieties. The question is not however so simple as it would appear to be from Mr Ball's statement "that the breeding of pure types suitable to the needs of the manufacturer and the cultivator will possibly prove a little difficult"; for though length of staple is on the whole dominant we often get seeds that carry both long and short cotton.


Lithium is the lightest metal and the first metal in the periodic table. Lithium is used in a variety of applications, including the production of organolithium compounds, as an alloying addition to aluminum and magnesium, and as the anode in rechargeable lithium ion batteries especially for electronic devices and electric vehicles. Therefore, lithium is indispensable metal in our daily lives. The use of lithium continues to rise and has increased from about 14,000 tonnes per year worldwide in the 2000 to about 82,200 tonnes in the 2000. However, lithium is a representative rare metal and ranks 32nd among the abundant elements in the earth's crust. This study reviews the current status of the lithium extraction processes as well as the trend in production amount and use. Lithium is extracted by a various methods depending on the type of resources. These extraction methods are essential for the development of new recycling processes that can extract lithium from secondary lithium resources.


This study investigates the heating process of Na+- and CO32--containing apatites obtained by the hydrolysis of monetite. The results of the chemical and physical analyses of the samples reveal that all the water was removed after heating at 400 degrees C. Moreover, no other drastic constitutional changes take place. On this basis, the exact unit cell composition of these apatites could be calculated. From this composition, it was deduced that, apart from the two predominant mechanisms [Ca2+ + PO43- + OH- V-Ca + CO32- + V-OH] and [Ca2+ + PO43- Na+ + CO32-], a small part of the Na+-ions is incorporated in the apatite lattice independently of CO32- according to the mechanism [Ca2+ + OH- Na+ + V-OH] With V-X representing a vacancy on a regular apatite lattice site occupied by X. The dependency of the contributions of these mechanisms on the Na2CO3 concentration in the hydrolysis solution differs, suggesting that the mechanisms are not completely coupled.


Management of sporadic, non-ampullary duodenal neoplasms (SNADNs) has been a topic of increasing interest over the last decade due to increased recognition of these lesions, in part because of increase in surveillance and also with development of advanced endoscopic imaging including narrow band imaging, high resolution white light endoscopy with magnification and chromo-endoscopy.


This essay is an introduction to a Symposium on The New Private Law. Professor Nice defines New Private Law as including deregulation, decentralization, privatization, and contractualization, and as reflecting a normative regime that both recognizes a distinction between public and private domains and prefers the ordering of the private market to that of public decision-makers. She argues the preference for the private domain seems, at least, to tolerate inequality, and at worst, to reify existing power hierarchies. At the specific level, she describes the debate over privatization of welfare, with proponents claiming it costs less because of greater flexibility and better performance-based incentives while opponents argue it costs more, reduces the quality of services, eliminates expertise, fosters patronage and corruption, and diminishes public accountability. At the broader level, Professor Nice situates New Private Law within jurisprudence by comparing it to Formalism, Law and Economics, Legal Realism, and Legal Process, and Critical Legal Studies schools of thought.


Investigation of respiration rate of fresh produce, under different gas composition and temperatures, and respective mathematical modelling is central for the modified atmosphere packaging design. This work investigates the effect of temperature (4, 8, 12, 16, 20 °C) and gas composition (O 2 between 3 to 21 % and CO 2 between 0 to 15%) on respiration rate of whole mushrooms. Oxygen and carbon dioxide respiration rates increased significantly (3―4 fold) as the temperature elevated from 4 to 20 °C and were in the range of 13.23 ± 3.12 to 102.41 ± 2.132 mL kg ―1 h ―1 ) and 14.33 ± 1.56 to 97.02 ± 2.51 mL kg ―1 h ―1 ) respectively. Low O 2 and high CO 2 levels reduced O 2 consumption and CO 2 production rates of whole mushrooms on average by a circa 47―60% at all temperatures as compared to the respiration rate at ambient air. Mathematical models were developed for RO 2 and RCO 2 , by combining the Arrhenius and Michaelis― Menten uncompetitive equations. These models predicted well, O 2 consumption and CO 2 production rates of whole mushrooms as a function of both temperature and gas composition.


The objective of this paper was to discover the hidden academic relationship between academic achievement and higher education institutions. This paper presented an approach that could be utilised to identify the sets of attributes by combining decision tree and attribute selection. The main idea involves using techniques from the field of data mining to select important attributes, which can then be used to classify a hidden academic relationship. The dataset was collected from 288 students at 7 schools located in Maha Sarakham and Kalasin Provinces, Thailand. The best model showed an accuracy of 82.99%, meaning the significant attributes could be used to conduct further research.


By means of wet chemical surface modification, the surface modification of zinc oxide whiskers was made by the use of silane coupling agent and titanate coupling agent. The activity index and angle of contact of different coupling agents were determined, and the effects of solvent, pH, temperature and dispersion time on the modification by silane coupling agent were studied. The results of the modification were characterized by means of FTIR. In this paper the modified ZnO w was used to the modification of LLDPE, and the mechanical properties of the composites were also studied. The results indicated that both silane and titanate coupling agents could be used to the surface modification of zinc oxide whiskers, but the optmum technical conditions for them were different, and the contents of the two agents for the best results of modification were also different from each other. The bending strength of LLDPE composites filled with ZnO w modified by ND-42 coupling agents increased obviously.


【 Abstract 】 Background Maintaining brain health is an advanced goal of healthy ageing. Nutrition has been identified as a promising approach to reduce the risk of dementia, but there is currently a lack of targeted nutritional management to promote brain health in clinical practice, resulting in lack or inadequate health guidance. Objective To search and evaluate studies about dietary nutrition management to promote brain health, and to provide evidence-based basis for clinical development of dietary nutrition management of brain health. Methods We searched UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, JBI Library, NIA, RNAO, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, Medlive and other databases to collect clinical decisions, best practices, guidelines, evidence summaries, expert consensus and systematic reviews regarding dietary nutrition management to promote brain health from January 1, 2017 to March 29, 2022. The quality and evidence level of the literature were assessed by two researchers systematically trained on evidence-based medicine. Results A total of 28 articles were included, including 3 clinical guidelines, 5 expert consensus, 1 clinical decision and 19 systematic reviews. Their methodological qualities were rated high overall. Finally 23 pieces of best evidence involving 7 aspects were intervention timing, dietary nutrition assessment and screening, dietary patterns and components, specific nutrients, coffee intake, weight management, health education and guidance. Conclusion Dietary nutrition can promote brain health. Community medical staff should choose and apply the best evidence based on clinical situation, residents' dietary nutrition status and preferences, so as to develop individualized dietary nutrition program for brain health.


During the past several years I have made laboratory and field studies of Nosema locustae Canning (Microspidia: Nosematidae), a pathogen of the fat bodies, pericardial tissues, and neural tissues of grasshoppers. From these studies, along with prior studies by other workers, infections by N. locustae have been observed in 58 species of Orthoptera. In England, Canning (1953, 1962a) reported infections by N. locustae in Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Reiche & Fairmaire), Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal), Melanoplus bivittatus, M. sanguinipes (F.) [= M. mexicanus (Saussure)], M. dazvsoni, Camnula pellucida, and Dissosteira Carolina. Goodwin (1950, 1952) reported a Plistophora in L. m. migratorioides in Africa which, according to Canning (1962a), may have been N. locustae. Steinhaus (1951) reported infections by an undescribed species of Nosema in M. bivittatus and M. sanguinipes that had been sent to him by workers in Montana. In personal correspondence, G. E. Bucher of the Canadian Department of Agriculture at Belleville, Ontario, mentioned studies made of N. locustae in M. bivittatus and M. sanguinipes. Records at this laboratory show that G. T. York, in 1952, found N. locustae in M. bivittatus, and in 1956 R. C. Newton found N. locustae in M. bivittatus and M. sanguinipes. Also in a private communication, R. E. Pfadt of the University of Wyoming, at Laramie, provided information about infections by a microsporidian resembling N. locustae in Aulocara elliotti and Cordillacris occipitalis (Thomas). Other reports of the biology and/or differentiation of N. locustae were presented by Dissanaike and Canning (1957), Weiser (1961), Canning (1962b), and Henry (1967).


Abstract : The objective of this program was the development of fabrication methods for an active matrix, flat panel TV display with a resolution of at least 400 elements per linear inch. The feasibility of such a high-resolution, solid-state, flat panel screen was demonstrated for the first time using thin film electroluminescence as the display media. A resolution of 500 lines per inch with an active area to total area ratio of greater than 0.7 was achieved. The demonstration display panel consisted of 100x100 active elements. Simulated scanning conditions for line-at-a-time addressing yielded a time average brightness of up to 7 ft-L under 1/500 duty cycle excitation. This advance indicates that high-resolution, solid-state, flat panel TV display devices are feasible. Further work is required in order to produce a full 500x500 pixel element display including development of line-at-a-time scanning electronics with the associated interface to the display surface. (Author)