Several scale model mixing systems have been built and are being utilized to study the gas-promoted, oil agglomeration process for cleaning coal. Numerous batch agglomeration tests have been conducted with these systems. During an individual test the progress of agglomeration has been monitored by observing either changes in agitator torque in the case of concentrated particle suspensions or changes in turbidity in the case of dilute suspensions. A mathematical model has been developed for relating the rate of agglomeration of coal particles to the rate of change of turbidity of a dilute particle suspension undergoing agglomeration. The model has been utilized for analyzing and interpreting the results of a number of oil agglomeration tests in which several different system parameters were varied.


Ring specimens extracted from thick composite cylinders with nominal thicknesses of 6 to 12 mm have been tested under diametral compression. Rings with three winding angles were tested to examine the effect of orientation on the structural integrity of the cylinder. The objective of this investigation was to determine the failure modes of ring specimens under the given compressive load. To enhance delamination, some of the specimens were fabricated with embedded teflon sheets to simulate delamination in the wall. Two sets of tests were conducted; one was with the implanted delamination and the other without the teflon inserts. Rings with teflon inserts were of particular interest to visualize the growth of delamination crack at various stages of loading. It was observed that ring failure occurred by an extension of the implanted delamination around the periphery of the ring. The cracks opened at the initial stage of loading but closed quickly as the load and delamination increased. The crack continued to grow almost symmetrically towards the top side of the ring, and final failure occurred due to massive fiber fracture at locations perpendicular to the loading axis. Finite element analysis using layered elements was performed to analyze the compressive testing of the ring specimens. Details of the experimental and finite element studies are presented in this paper.


This paper is concerned with the constancy in the sign of $L(X, \alpha) = \sum_{1}^{X} \frac{\lambda(n)}{n^{\alpha}}$, where $\lambda(n)$ the Liouville function. The non-positivity of $L(X, 0)$ is the P\'{o}lya conjecture, and the non-negativity of $L(X, 1)$ is the Tur\'{a}n conjecture --- both of which are false. By constructing an auxiliary function, evidence is provided that $L(X, \frac{1}{2})$ is the best contender for constancy in sign. The core of this paper is the conjecture that $L(X, \frac{1}{2}) \leq 0$ for all $X\geq 17$: this has been verified for $X\leq 300,001$.


ABSTRACT The SA Reserve Bank (SARB) was created as a result of an earlier gold standard monetary crisis that unfolded after World War I. From 1919, South Africa nominally maintained the gold standard, but not the conversion of banknotes into gold. This article seeks to discuss the SARB's views on the gold standard controversy, and to highlight the different attitudes of the first two governors, Clegg and Postmus, attitudes that have not previously been examined in the literature. It will also discuss the way in which the Bank of England misled Clegg, and how the views expressed privately differed from those in the SARB's Ordinary General Meeting (OGM) documentation. This paper considers the irony that Clegg was selected from the ranks of the Bank of England and was loyal to Threadneedle Street, but defended a monetary policy which aided one of the biggest constituencies of the Afrikaner Nationalist Party – Afrikaner farmers. By contrast, Postmus was previously at the Nederlandsche Bankvoor Zuid-Afrika, and supported the National Party position that South Africa should return to, and remain on, a gold standard independent of Britain. Despite this, Postmus's policy turned out to be disastrous for the mostly Afrikaner farmers affected by the 1931–1932 crisis.


When the hydrodesulfurization of catalytically cracked gasoline, reforming a support composed mainly of alumina, iron, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, scandium, and at least one metal oxide selected from the lanthanide metal group consisting of and, it uses a 6A group metal and a group VIII hydrodesulfurization catalyst carrying at least one metal selected from the group consisting of a metal as an active metal. As a result, when the hydrodesulfurization the relevant configuration, one of the catalytically cracked gasoline fraction of the base material of the gasoline, to sufficiently suppress the hydrogenation of olefins that occurs as a side reaction and kept at the same octane number, but also substantially reduced the sulfur content of catalytic cracking gasoline fraction after hydrodesulfurization can. Catalytically cracked gasoline, hydrodesulfurization catalyst, a metal oxide, octane


The Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX) at Princeton will be the first tokamak with an all superconducting magnet system, including both the toroidal field (TF) and poloidal field (PF) coils. The conductors are all cable-in-conduit (CIC) superconductors with a single conduit, similar to those in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).


: Background: The disease, regardless of its nosology, involves the child in a different deficient social situation. It creates two restraint conditions for the sick child: restriction of motions or restriction of cognitive activity. The interview with paediatric patients with psoriasis showed that 65% of them were stigmatised in the form of bullying, insults, and humiliation. Concerns about constant skin peeling and odour affect leisurely activity in 15-30% of children with psoriasis. This stigmatisation can lead to changes in behaviour, depression, anxiety, and apprehension. In adolescents with psoriasis, apprehension is increasingly mediated by the features of the attitude toward oneself and is of a contradictory, conflicting nature during this period. A persistently high anxiety level in childhood leads to a wide range of problems, the consequence of which can be impaired development of individual structures and functions and, ultimately, impaired formation of the personality structure as a whole.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of violence management training in reducing the anger of students. The statistical population of the study was students of Moulavi high school of Vaniser village, Tarom, Rasht, Iran. In this study 24 subjects, by fill the aggression general questionnaire that acquire higher score were selected, and divided in two groups: experimental and control. The number of samples in each group was 12. The students in the experimental group receive 12 weekly sessions' anger management skills training, while students in the control group did not receive any intervention. Participants completed the 30-item aggression general questionnaire (AGQ and Najariyan, 2001). Results showed that a period of anger management training has significant effect on aggressive behavior, aggressive thoughts and aggressive feelings at 95% confident level. Although the Violence Management Training was effective in reducing violent behaviors and increasing anger control of high school students, it may be considered as an initial step for future intervention studies.


A plantation is modelled in terms of discs of random size centred on the points of a two-dimensional lattice, together with rules for partitioning the union of these discs. The resulting sets are functions of random sequences, and some properties of these functions are deduced. Results are given which relate various properties of measurements on a plantation to measurements of individual plants and of plants in isolation. These include limit theorems for complete plantations and for samples. They also lead to a rigorous demonstration of certain well-known empirical relations between typical measurements and survival frequencies and to some new relations which are amenable to test. The model is a formulation of computer simulations which have had success in describing competition in plantations, but are too costly for routine forest management.


This paper reports the design and experimental testing of a novel frequency up- converting piezoelectric energy harvester. The harvester is firstly approximated as a 2-degree- of-freedom cubic nonlinear system instead of the general Duffing systems. A 1:3 internal resonance innovatively applied in the frequency up-conversion approach is thoroughly investigated. Finally, the theoretical dynamic model confirmed by the experimental results clearly shows the effect of the frequency up-conversion.


Purpose:  The inhibition of cholesterol synthesis with AY‐9944 (AY) results in chronic recurrent atypical absence seizures in rodents. We hypothesized that cholesterol inhibition during the course of creating the AY model of atypical absence seizures results in an alteration of the entry of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A and GABAB receptors into lipid rafts that contributes to epileptogenesis in this model.


Fluxbrane-like backgrounds obtained from flat space by a sequence of T-dualities and shifts of polar coordinates (β deformations) provide an interesting class of exactly solvable string theories. We compute the one-loop partition function for various such deformed spaces and study their spectrum of D-branes. For rational values of the B-field these models are equivalent to N × N orbifolds with discrete torsion. We also obtain an interesting new class of time-dependent backgrounds which resemble localized closed string tachyon condensation.


The aim of this paper is to present the results of measurements for the magnetic hysteresis loop and the specific power loss of the electrical steel obtained with the toroidal samples of various dimensions. All samples have been made of the same material. Numerous measurements have been performed after the annealing of the samples. The measurements have been performed with control of the sinusoidal shape of the secondary voltage. Differences between the results of measurements have been analyzed. Change in the measured results, e.g. the shape of the hysteresis loop or the specific power loss has been correlated to the dimensions of the sample.


This paper aims to investigate the potential effect of the Online Learning (OL) mode on Omani General Foundation Programs (GFP) students` English language skills performance. Numeric data related to the learning achievement of the GFP students (tests and assignment scores) was collected to explore the hypothetical differences between the two modes of learning. Five students were selected randomly to conduct the focused group interview. The difference in favour of any mode of learning is considered as a sign of the effectiveness of that model. Independent Samples t-test was used to analyze the data and the study found that although emergent unplanned strategies and policies to employ online learning in the University of Technology and Applied Sciences (UTAS), there is a statistically significant difference between the English language achievement of the GFP students who studied through OL was higher than those who had studied Face-to-Face (F2F) before the Covid-19 outbreak. As the difference was in favor of the OL group and statistically significant (p=.002 at alpha=.05 level), the study concluded that OL students appear to have outperformed their F2F counterparts and that, based on these findings, OL is an effective method of teaching/learning. The study offers a discussion of these findings.


The hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been linked to B‐cell lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity, and has been localized in several tissues. The clinical observation of an HCV‐infected patient with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and Helicobacter pylori(HP) positive gastric low‐grade B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), which did not regress after HP eradication, led us to investigate the possible localization of HVC in the gastric microenvironment. HCV genome and antigens were searched in gastric biopsy specimens from the previously mentioned case, as well as from 9 additional HCV‐infected patients (8 with chronic gastritis and 1 with gastric low‐grade B‐cell NHL). HCV‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry procedures were used. The gastric B‐cell NHL from the patient with SS was characterized by molecular analyses of B‐cell clonality. HCV RNA was detected in both the gastric low‐grade B‐cell NHL and in 3 out of 6 gastric samples from the remaining cases. HCV antigens were detected in the residual glandular cells within the gastric B‐cell NHL lesions, in glandular cells from 2 of the 3 additional gastric lesions that were HCV positive by PCR, and in 1 additional chronic gastritis sample in which HCV‐RNA studies could not be performed. By molecular analyses, of immunoglobulin genes, the B‐cell NHL from the patient with SS was confirmed to be a primary gastric lymphoma, subjected to ongoing antigenic stimulation and showing a significant similarity with rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti‐HCV– antibody sequences. Our results show that HCV can localize in the gastric mucosa.


163 Background: Previous studies have assessed physician perceptions of practice guidelines and identified barriers to adherence, including lack of knowledge, attitudes, and other factors. Little is known about attitudes toward and use of cancer management guidelines specifically.

METHODS
We surveyed a random sample of 750 medical oncologists and 750 surgeons drawn from the AMA Masterfile between January and June 2012. 896 responded; 130 of these reported that they had not seen breast cancer patients in the previous year and were asked not to complete the remainder of the survey. We analyzed responses from the remaining 766 (403 surgeons and 363 medical oncologists).

RESULTS
Mean participant age was 52; 36% worked in a practice with an academic affiliation. Attitudes towards clinical practice guidelines were generally favorable. Few (<3%) disagreed that guidelines were good educational tools or convenient, and only 12% felt that they were biased, although 24% felt they were oversimplified, 20% found them too rigid, and 20% perceived them as a challenge to physician autonomy. Most agreed that guidelines were intended to improve the quality of care (98%) but opinion split about whether they were intended to decrease costs (51% felt they were). NCCN guidelines were reported to influence the cancer management decisions of 96% of medical oncologists and 70% of surgeons (p<0.001), and ASCO guidelines influenced 65% of medical oncologists and 45% of surgeons (p<0.001). Many respondents looked at the NCCN guidelines at least every few months (93% of medical oncologists, 48% of surgeons, p<0.001). Most respondents reported they made guideline-concordant decisions in the majority of their cancer cases. Yet most respondents reported that they rarely refer patients to the patient versions of the NCCN guidelines (76% refer ¼ or fewer of their patients). When making a guideline-inconsistent recommendation, 17% do not routinely discuss the inconsistency with patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Attitudes toward physician-directed cancer management guidelines are generally positive, and they are frequently used. However, physicians infrequently advise use of patient versions.


Urban traffic and transportation networks of both railways and roads proved to have fractal nature. However, previous studies are mainly based on monofractal scaling. To reveal spatial complexity of cities, this paper is devoted to exploring the multifractal scaling in the street networks of 12 Chinese cities. The city clustering algorithm (CCA) is employed to identify urban boundaries and define street systems. Then, box-counting method is used to calculate generalized correlation dimension and mass exponent, and the direct determination method based on miu-weight is utilized to estimate singularity exponent and local fractal dimension. The basic algorithm of parameter estimation is the fixed-intercept linear regression analysis. The results reflect the significant multifractal structure of urban street networks. The global multifractal dimension spectrum, i.e., the Dq-q spectrum, is an inverted S-shaped curve, while the local multifractal dimension spectrum, i.e., the f(a)-a spectrum, is a right leaning unimodal curve. If the moment order q approaches negative infinity, the generalized correlation dimension will exceed the embedding space dimension 2, and the scattered points on the log-log plots for local parameter estimation become disordered. The conclusions can be reached as follows. Following multifractal scaling law, urban traffic networks develop around urban center and sub-centers and form cascade structure. The principal characters of street systems are spatial heterogeneity and asymmetric cascade structure. By optimizing the traffic network of low density areas and edge areas, we can improve the accessibility and transportation level of an urban system.


The Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor-battery (ZHSB) type storage device combines the advantage of high power density of a supercapacitor and the high energy density of a battery. This work reports the...


Background and Aim: Standard precautions are permitted in delivering the care to all patients in clinical settings to avoid the spread of infection. However, their interventions are grounded on the knowledge of the nurses and the other healthcare workers. The nurses should have satisfactory standard precautions' knowledge and practice level for hospital acquired infection. The study aimed to evaluate the standard precautions' knowledge and practice levels among the nurses in the Saudi Arabia private hospitals. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed between March and May 2017 in four hospitals (King Khalid Hospital, Najran General Hospital, Maternal and Child Hospital, and New Najran General Hospital). Data were collected using a validated tool from a convenience sample of 198 nurses. Results: The study showed that 88 (44.4%) had good knowledge while 109 (55.1%) had a fair knowledge of standard precautions. According to their practice, the majority 184 (92.9%) of the participants had good level while 13 (6.6%) had a fair level. Conclusion: The nurses have a good level of knowledge and practice with standard precautions. There is a moderate relationship between knowledge and practice of standard precaution. Nurses should practice standard precautions in their daily routine regardless of the patient diagnosis, updating knowledge, improved specific operational guidelines/policies on the practice of standard precaution, regular supply of infection prevention materials, and routine immunization and screening for the staff against Hepatitis B.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge degree about normal occlusion development during the mixed dentition phase. The sample was composed of 138 students in their senior year from 10 Dental Schools in the Rio de Janeiro state. After observing photographs and study casts of a Class I patient showing normal occlusion during mixed dentition, students were evaluated through a questionnaire. It was found that was fairly easy for them to diagnose a Class I patient (n=120 or 87.59%), as much as the increased overjet (n=109 or 79.6%) and diastemas (n=112 or 81.7%). Considering the overbite, it was observed that 40 students (28.9%) were able to identify the increase of such occlusal trait, and only a small part of the sample considered these characteristics as normal during the period of mixed dentition. Only 10.1% perceived that there was no orthodontic treatment need, since the occlusion was compatible with the normal development. It was concluded that toward the end of the Dental School Program in Rio de Janeiro, a great amount of students had difficulties to identify normal occlusal traits present during the children's development, what can cause unnecessary treatment or even avoidable referrals for a specialist.


Abstract : Defence Research Establishment Atlantic (DREA) conducted experiments involving the measurement of radiated noise from a submerged ring-stiffened cylinder subjected to a harmonic load. These experiments were performed to provide validation data for structural acoustics computer codes being developed in-house and under contract. These codes are used to predict the vibrations of structures submerged in, or filled with, a dense fluid and also to predict the resulting radiated noise. This suite of codes, comprising the programs VAST, COUPLE, and BEMAP, was used to predict the natural frequencies and radiated noise, on- and off-resonance, from this cylinder. Comparisons are made between the predicted and measured natural frequencies and radiated noise levels and directivity. Overall, the programs were able to accurately predict both the structural resonances and the radiated noise patterns.


Abstract : This report presents (1) results of field and laboratory test measurements of the force levels in an articulated concrete revetment mattress (mat) during the placement process, and (2) a structural analysis of the mat. The purpose of this test and analysis program was to determine the feasibility of redesigning the wire fabric used in the mat. Study results show that a mattress with two (rather than three) 4000-lb longitudinal wires is structurally feasible. Further, it appears that testing may confirm that a two-wire, 3000-lb fabric would be adequate.


Shown in equation (1), in which formula, a compound having the meanings A, R1, R2, R3 and R5 are shown in the specification is a novel effective inhibitors of type 4 and type 5 phosphodiesterase .


—Software-intensive systems are developed with the help of experts of different domains. This requires reifying their domain expertise in software, which raises the need for Domain- Specific Languages (DSLs) to bridge the gap between the problem space of the experts' experience and software development. Devel- oping suitable DSLs still is prohibitively complex due to the lack of pervasive concepts for DSL reuse. Existing concepts either give rise to a conceptual gap between their abstractions and language definition constituents or are tied to specific technological spaces. To mitigates this, we present a novel conceptual model for the systematic reuse of textual DSLs. This technology-independent model promotes modularity and reusability based on language families that exhibit specific reuse interfaces. To realize these concepts, we conceived an extensible modelling infrastructure that supports the engineering of reusable textual DSLs using the MontiCore language workbench. This enables systematic reuse of textual DSLs for compatible technological spaces from which DSL engineers in many domains can greatly benefit.


Several authors have defined polynomial sets by means of general Rodrigues formulae in different forms. In this article, an attempt is made to provide an elegant unification of several classes of polynomials. We investigate a general class of polynomials by means of a generalized Rodrigues formula defined as (2) associated with a generalized Mittag–Leffler function , which is recently introduced by Shukla and Prajapati [Shukla, A.K. and Prajapati, J.C., On a generalisation of Mittag–Leffler function and its properties. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Appplications, article in press]. We have also derived several families of generating relations, finite summation formulae for equation (2) by employing operational techniques and bilateral-generating relation. In the end, several special cases have been discussed.


We introduce a model and a representation scheme for solving a general class of robotic spatial task planning problems. We call this class material removal problems. A spatially constrained mobile robot that actively changes its fully-mapped workspace in a predictable manner, removing material from a predefined subspace, is modelled and represented. We describe a composite grammar representation based on structure grammars with which such a robot can be elegantly described. The representation is able to generate a search space of possible robot moves, from which a symbolic search can be used to select one particular plan for the robot. The formalism is thus able to deal with the geometry in a material removal problem in isolation from other knowledge.
We demonstrate the utility of the grammar formalism by presenting a pilot implementation of a general spatial task planner/simulator for material removal problems. The implementation, named "Mole," shows how the above formalism can be used to describe the workspace and the robot in a given material removal problem. Mole reads this description and creates a simulation of the robot moving in that workspace, automatically generating a reasonable plan for material removal.
The main motivation of this work is to represent the spatial constraints on a mobile mining robot as it digs through its changing workspace, but some other application areas are also discussed.


In this study, an antimicrobial substance producing lactobacilli was isolated from a commercially fermented vegetable product and identified by using the general microbiological tests, carbohydrate fermentation (Strep-API-20, API-50-CHL and BioLog) and fatty acid profile (MIDI) identification systems. The strains were gram-positive, catalase negative, short rods with rounded ends, occurring singly and in short chains. They did not produce cT and p-hemolysis on blood agar. They hydrolyzed esculine and arginine, but not gelatin and starch. They grew between 15° and 40°C, at pH 4.5-9.2 and in the presence of 3-4% NaCl, but not at 45°C, pH 9.6 or 6.5% NaCl. In addition, they fermented melezitose, arabinose, maltose, ribose, and melibiose whereas they did not ferment mannitol, mannose, and cellobiose. The major fatty acids found in the isolates were 16:0 (25.55%) and 18:1 (37:33%). Based on the results, they were identified as Lactobacillus buchneri LB. Furthermore; it was found that this isolate produced an antimicrobial substance which was inhibitory to some Listeria, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Micrococcus species. This antimicrobial substance was a bacteriocin and it was designated buchericin LB.


Journal of Nutrition and Food 2014, revealed that Indonesian children only consume half of the recommended fiber portion. According to the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013, the proportion of population aged ≥10 years with consumption pattern of less eating vegetables and fruits reached 93.5%. The presence of dietary fiber in the faeces causes the faeces to absorb water that the volume becomes large and the texture becomes soft. The presence of a large volume of stool will speed up bowel contractions for faster bowel movements and faster food transit times. This study was aimed to analyze the relationship between frequency and the amount of fiber intake with the pattern of defecation in 4 th and 5 th grade students  of Cisitu Elementary School Bandung in 2017 using observational analytic methods.  Data obtained from the results of Food Recall and Bristol Stool Chart conducted to the respondents as many as 48 people with simple random sampling method. Results showed that there was a significant relationship between the frequency of fiber intake with the frequency of defecation in the respondents with the value p = 0.044 (p≤0.05) and there was a significant relationship between the amount of fiber intake with the frequency of defecation in the respondent with the value p = 0.006 (p≤ 0.05). There is a significant relationship between the frequency and the amount of fiber intake with the pattern of defecation, the fiber will increase bowel movement, smoothing the stool for easier pass through the colon, so it can also increase the frequency of defecation


Abstract We have previously shown how to construct a deformation quantization of any locally compact space on which a vector group acts. Within this framework we show here that, for a natural class of Hamiltonians, the quantum evolutions will have the classical evolution as their classical limit.


TO THE EDITOR: The report by Sekas and Hutson [1] and the editorial by Kimball [2] raise disquieting issues related to the academic and professional integrity of physicians, professors, research fellows, and directors of research laboratories. Despite the impressive statistics (34.1% of applicants' research activities could not be confirmed, and 30.2% of applicants' presumed published works were not verifiable) [1] findings of falsification of credentials (12%) and employment applications (5%) [2], this type of information may not reveal the entire truth or determine why certain fellows and physicians indulge in such presumed activities. Fraudulent academic misrepresentation is a two-way street and involves plagiarism on the part of directors of research work and professors of repute who repeatedly fail to give proper credit in their published works to junior coworkers contributing to the work. This letter is not a justification for professional misrepresentation or for plagiarism, but rather for integrity and self-discipline.


Abstract : A geometric duality theory of anti-blocking pairs of polyhedra is developed and applied to a number of problems in extremal combinatorics. It is shown that anti-blocking pairs are characterized by a min-max equality, the analogue of the max-flow min-cut equality for blocking pairs of polyhedra, or by a max-max inequality, the analogue of the length-width inequality for blocking pairs of polyhedra. A main combinatorial result is that if A, B are (0,1)- matrices defining an anti-blocking pair of polyhedra, then the min-max equality holds for both ordered pairs A, B and B, A in a strong integer form. This theorem bears on a well-known unsolved problem in graph theory, the perfect graph conjecture, and in fact proves what might be called the 'pluperfect' graph theorem.


Objective: Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) techniques have been used for many years for the treatment of a variety of lumbar spine degenerative diseases. Patients with herniated disc disease in the lumbar spine at one or two levels, unilateral or bilateral leg (s) pain, chronic low back pain and a failed conservative treatment, were considered for this procedure. This paper discusses how many levels of the spine are suitable for cages alone which the patient needs for the operation, and which level is better than others when the patient undergoes single-level surgery. Methods: Twenty-three patients (21: single level, 2: two levels) underwent a posterior lumbar interbody fusion procedure in which A-spine titanium vigor cages were used. At follow-up, the outcomes were assessed using the Prolo Scale. All the patients safely underwent surgery without severe complications. Results: At the time of the last follow-up visit, 21 patients (100% of single-level cases) were content with the result of the surgery. A patient (2-level case) underwent pedicle screw fixation at a single level due to persistent lower back pain (LBP), which pseudarthrosis was suspected. During the follow-up period, the patients who underwent 2-level surgery have multiple complaints. The other patient (female, 2- level case) suffered from LBP for 24 months. Under conservative treatment, low back pain improved. Conclusion: With regard to the preservation of the posterior element for utmost benefits, a single-level operation has a better prognosis than a two-level operation. In single level surgery, a PLIF by cages alone produces more satisfactory clinical results at L3/4 and L4/5 than at L5/S1.


Abstract:We assessed whether eligible refugee claimants faced barriers to accessing prenatal care in the context of changes to Canadian health care policy that generated multiple categories of refugee health care eligibility. Methods. Prenatal care providers in Toronto were contacted twice using standardized scripts to book appointments for a pregnant non-refugee and refugee claimant, both eligible for prenatal care. Primary outcome: unequivocal offer of appointment. Secondary outcome: reasons for refusal of prenatal care. Results. There was a statistically significantly lower rate of offering prenatal care (34%) to refugee claimants compared with non-refugees (95%) (p < .001). Lack of knowledge, confusion about policies, time-consuming administrative requirements, and slow reimbursement processes were cited as reasons for refusal of care. Conclusions. Our results highlighted barriers to accessing prenatal care for refugee women. There are important future policy implications when considering the numerous changes to refugee health care policy in the last five years.


And a manufacturing method thereof sintered superhard compact is provided. Sintered superhard compact may include a super-hard particles and a binder phase. The binder phase can be bound ultrahard particles together. The binder phase contains tungsten and cobalt. The ratio of tungsten to cobalt is 1 to 2, the sum of W and Co contained in the sintered superhard compact ranges from about 2 wt% to about 20 wt%.


The knowledge that is embedded in the organizational environment may be considered a great advantage and a source of significant innovation potential for organizations. The objective of this research is to identify how is happening the knowledge management in small industries located in the region of Vale do Rio dos Sinos / RS. For this, was carried out a survey study, with a total of 77 respondents, that were top managers. The organizations belong to metallurgical segments, components and footwear, mostly. As a result, it was found that the managers of the survey respondents companies do not pay enough attention to the knowledge of its employees for business success, considering the compannies little innovative. A significant number of respondents/managers said they highlight the importance of knowledge registering for their employees. Note, however, that the biggest concern and management efforts are in the storage of formal knowledge, that are found in standards, procedures and work instructions. With regard to personal, subjective knowledge, tacit knowledge, there is still a difficulty to find effective solutions for effective management.


After analysis the probability of abnormal data, a method erasing the abnormal data of non-linear sensor in dynamic measurement is given.Based on the method,the abnormal data is replaced by reliable one,and curve fitting method is given to deal with the processed data.The curve of a Hall displacement sensor is obtained by polynomial fitting.The method of data erasing and curve fitting can be applied in processing the data of sensor in dynamic measurement.


This debate arose out of the international symposium on Equitable Access to Health Care and Infectious Disease Control held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in February 2006. The lively discussions at the symposium led to a belief among participants that there ought to be some way in which some of the richness of that debate might be conveyed to a wider audience. This is the outcome. These papers are not intended to represent a summary of what was discussed although inevitably they do in part. More importantly, they provide an avenue for debate and facilitate a continuation of the debate. One of the long-term outcomes sought from the symposiumwas to 'stimulate the field of public health and infectious disease in particular to engagewith new theories and approaches to understanding and working on access'. The participants at the symposium were of the view that presenting this series of debating papers might provide just such a stimulus. Gavin Mooney was asked to 'kick off' the debate; the other four contributors – Claudia Travassos, Michael Thiede, Norberto Dachs and Román Vega-Romero – volunteered to respond within a maximum of 1000 words. Mooney has added a short postscript. We trust that in reading the papers in this debate others will be encouraged to join in!


Terminal illness is a factor which disrupts human development. Yet, it does not mean that one's personality will be distorted. The assumption that an ill person can be an active subject of selfeducation refers to the axiological basis of life and human development. It also refers to the ability to overcome one's limitations. Self-education in the thanatological context consists in reducing the destructive influence of total pain and developing the positive aspects of the patient's life. Selfeducation connected with suffering in somatic, emotional, social and spiritual dimension may be conducted only if the patient is active. Thanatological and pedagogical approach to the problem of death indicates the directions and ways of implementing the postulate of self-education.


The participant teaching means in the atmosphere of democracy and equality, in order to accomplish the object of teaching in effect, the teacher and the student do their best to communion and study, then access to the syntony of the cognization, the synchonization of the thoughts and the resonance of the sensation. There is special background in the bring of participant teaching, compare to the traditional teach system which attach importance to intrust、recite and accept negative, the participant teaching has special signification, impliment system, and great meanings to improve the effection of the teach. Only by the teacher and the student do their best, the object of the participant teaching can come into being.


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INTRODUCTIONConflict theory is one of the major paradigms used by sociologists to make sense of the social world. All sociology that takes as its object of study the processes by which social groups compete with each other for scarce resources such as power, wealth, and status, or the inequalities that result from these competitions, falls within the conflict paradigm (Collins 1990).Conflict sociology constitutes a substantial portion of all contemporary sociological research. An examination of the six 2013 issues of American Sociological Review, the American Sociological Association's flagship journal, reveals that approximately 75% of the articles published in this journal fall within the conflict paradigm (31 out of 42, by my count), and many other sociology journals continue to document the dynamics and consequences of social inequality. Marx's writings on the relations of production in capitalism, and his thesis that historical change is a product of the conflict between economic classes gave conflict theory its initial form. However, sociologists have since extended the basic structure of Marx's theory to many other groups in competition in addition to those defined by the relations of production. For example, Weber's classic treatment of status stratification and structures of domination extended Marx's basic model of group competition over resources to include dimensions of social esteem and power. Contemporary conflict sociology continues this tradition by studying the dynamics of a variety of group inequalities such as race, gender, sexual orientation categories, as well as inter-organizational competition (Collins 1975).There is much at stake in social inequalities. Conflict theory impels us to recognize that every dimension of social structure can be conceptualized in terms of winners and losers, and social conflict often causes disastrous and tragic consequences for the losers in the social struggle. People are tortured, mutilated, and incinerated as a consequence of social conflict; they are also shunned, humiliated, exploited, and otherwise systematically shortchanged by the social structures they take part in. Social conflict induces the worst behavior of human beings toward each other. This harm is a necessary consequence of the maintenance of stratified social structure, as social interest groups seek to protect and extend their own privileges while minimizing those of their competitors, and the potential for great harm is exacerbated in industrial societies with access to weapons of mass destruction.This is the essential insight of conflict sociology: social conflict and inequality are fundamental to social structure. Yet at the same time, efforts to combat social inequalities by conflict sociologists and policy makers have largely been limited to ex post facto attempts at writing equality into social structure; the liberal welfare state is the archetypal example. This produces a paradox, in which social conflict and inequality are understood to be a necessary consequence of social structure, and yet efforts are made to write equality into social structure, both in the form of actual resource transfers, and in the kinds of policy recommendations offered by conflict sociologists. The irony of this position is brought into high relief when attempts to alter social structure to reduce inequalities are met with stiff resistance by those who benefit from those inequalities: Attempts at ex post facto resource distribution - managing social conflicts and their resultant inequalities after the inequality has already manifested - ultimately reproduce the conditions that create the inequality in the first place by reproducing the conflict of interest between those who benefit from social structure and those who are disproportionately shortchanged by it. Ex post facto resource redistribution can potentially mitigate some of the inequalities that arise from social conflict, but it fails to address fundamental questions concerning how and why inequalities are built into social structure. …


Academic cheating and fraud are becoming more prevalent. The Internet removes barriers and opens access to information and increases the opportunities for academic fraud. The incentives to succeed academically also are increasing as higher education continues to grow in importance. A student's rationalization is the last, critical piece needed to spawn an academic fraud. The aim of this study, undertaken in the USA, is to explore and document the association between students' rationalizations and fraudulent academic decisions and behaviours. We use statistical tests and regression analyses to document significant associations between several rationalizations and academic cheating. We find that rationalization only influences students' assessment of the acceptability of actions when there is some ambiguity about whether or not the action is permitted. Further, we find that students are able to justify unacceptable behaviour if they believe their peers have an unfair advantage, they believe they are not getting an unfair advantage, or they feel the instructor does not care about them. Our primary conclusion is that rationalization plays a vital role in students' academic improprieties. Documenting the problem is a first step toward developing solutions. Instructors can take steps to reduce the association between rationalization and fraud. Explicitly clarifying acceptable and unacceptable resources reduces opportunities for ambiguity and fraud. Building personal relationships and connections with students can also limit certain fraudulent academic activities.


his meeting brings together an honored group from around the world to conT sider the impact of technology and the changes it is wringing on the economies of developing countries. Indeed, as we approach the year 2000, technology is now changing the entire world, much the way the Industrial Revolution changed it as we entered the year 1900. But there is a significant difference between the beginning of this century and the next, notably the pace of change. Things are moving very rapidly, a situation that affects the education and training of all of our citizens. m a t worked in the past may not work today. Earlier an education obtained early in life could satisfy one's needs for one's working life, with perhaps only minor changes. Today we have job categories that did not exist five years ago, and rapid advances have been made in traditional areas such as engineering. If a professional hasn't been back to school for the last five or six years, his or her skills are likely becoming obsolete. Retraining and learning new skills is absolutely necessary, and education is key to the successful implementation of technology, especially new technologies. It requires people capable of understanding the technology and most importantly, able to use it. We're often reminded to look back in history and learn from the lessons of the past. But emerging countries don't have to develop the way we did. The new technology can be introduced as a step function. We don't have to start from a prior, well established base to prosper in the future. Information technology is just one area in which change is occurring quickly. A few years ago 120 megabytes of storage was more than adequate for most computers and most computer applications. Last summer, through our licensees, Ovonic phase change, erasable optical memory was introduced with 650 megabytes of capability. Matsushita, the lead licensee, had to increase its Panasonic power drive production six times since July 1995. Already we're been asked, how many more bytes can you get on the disk? In short, people are willing to accept change, and it comes rapidly. Managing change is always difficult, and when the pace of change is so rapid-revolution instead of evolution-government is often eager to step in and "help," in develop-


Tofu industry liquid waste has COD and TSS values that exceed established environmental quality standards. The high value of COD and TSS of tofu industry wastewater is caused by high organic content. Organic content in tofu industry liquid waste can be reduced by the fermentation process using a reactor. This research was conducted to determine the effect of reactor length on reducing levels of COD and TSS of tofu industrial wastewater using fermentation method using cow intestinal starter. This research was conducted by varying the sampling distance in the pipeline flow reactor, namely 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, and 80 cm. The process is carried out with 45 days and a loading rate of 0.8 L / 5 days. Based on the results of the study the time and distance of the sampling effect on% decrease in COD and TSS levels. The fermentation process using a pipeline reactor can reduce COD up to 98.57% with a COD value of 196 mg / L at a sampling distance of 80 cm on the 45th day, whereas TSS can be reduced to 77.38% with a TSS value of 38 mg / L at a distance sampling 80 cm on day 45. The COD and TSS values have reached the environmental quality standard based on the East Kalimantan provincial regulation number 02 of 2011.


In this short note we give an example which disproves Conjecture 8 of [1]. An interesting characterization of the cyclic group Z6 is also obtained.


As computers have become the ``right hand' ' of spectroscopists, many spectral manipulations and calculations have been incorporated into commercial spectrometer software. One of the most frequently used calculations is the determination of the peak position. Determination of the peak position by computer does not need a very sophisticated calculation. Only occasionally is anything said about the reliability of the result of these calculations. This paper deals with the calculation of the standard errors of calculated peak positions. A straightforward method is shown here to determine the standard errors, which can be used in emission spectroscopy and under some conditions in absorption spectroscopy too. Computer-determined peak positions are often used to calculate a physical quantity, for example, in the case of internal calibrants. Examples are pressure determination using ruby ( ̄ uorescence emission) or BaSO4 (Fourier transform infrared absorption). In these cases it is crucial to know the error of the peak position in order to have an idea about the precision of the calculated physical quantity (for example, pressure). The method described here for the error calculation can be used for all kinds of internal calibrants, and also for the analysis of spectra.


There is described a method for setting a predeterminable parameters for an electronic component for example, a voltage regulator having at least one integrated circuit, this has an external Anschlus in which, via which it is connectable to a programming unit. In the manufacture of the integrated circuit a so-called 0-programming is provided for this and the hardcoding of predeterminable parameters or settings is carried out after completion of the manufacturing process, in particular after assembly of the component or of the voltage regulator with the associated generator.


The invention relates to a power socket with an uncharged plug end metal sheet. In the power socket with the uncharged plug end metal sheet, the plug end metal sheet in a plug end hole is uncharged. After an electrical part is inserted, the plug end metal sheet is charged when a loop is generated. A central control processor sets over-temperature, over-current, short-circuit and electric-leakage protections so that the fault electrical part can be avoided to be inserted into the plug end hole. An accident can not be generated. The socket is safe, reliable and convenient to be maintained and installed.


This paper considers the sequential composite hypothesis test with multiple sensors. The sensors observe random samples in parallel and communicate with a fusion center, who makes the global decision based on the sensor inputs. On the one hand, in the centralized scenario, where local samples are precisely transmitted to the fusion center, the generalized sequential likelihood ratio test (GSPRT) is shown to be asymptotically optimal in terms of the expected sample size as error rates tend to zero. On the other hand, for systems with limited power and bandwidth resources, decentralized solutions that only send a summary of local samples (we particularly focus on a one-bit communication protocol) to the fusion center is of great importance. To this end, we first consider a decentralized scheme where sensors send their one-bit quantized statistics every fixed period of time to the fusion center. We show that such a uniform sampling and quantization scheme is strictly suboptimal and its suboptimality can be quantified by the KL divergence of the distributions of the quantized statistics under both the hypotheses. We then propose a decentralized GSPRT based on level-triggered sampling. That is, each sensor runs its own GSPRT repeatedly and reports its local decision to the fusion center asynchronously. We show that this scheme is asymptotically optimal as the local thresholds and global thresholds grow large at different rates. Finally, two particular models and their associated applications are studied to compare the centralized and decentralized approaches. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate that the proposed level-triggered sampling based decentralized scheme aligns closely with the centralized scheme with substantially lower communication overhead, and significantly outperforms the uniform sampling and quantization-based decentralized scheme.


The increasing memory requirement for today's applications is causing more stress for the memory system. This side effect puts pressure into available caches, and specifically the TLB cache. TLB misses are responsible for a considerable ratio of the total memory latency, since an average of 10°0 of execution time is wasted on miss penalties. Java applications are not in a better position. Their attractive features increase the memory footprint. Generally, Java applications TLB miss rate tends to be multiples of miss rate for non-java applications. The high miss rate will cause the application to loose valuable execution time. Our experiments show that on average, miss penalty can constitute about 24°0 of execution time. Several hardware modifications were suggested to reduce TLB misses for general applications. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no similar efforts for java applications. Here we propose asoftware-based prediction model that relies on information available to the virtual machine. The model uses the write barrier operation to predict TLB misses with an average 41 °~o accuracy rate.


Underactuated robotic hands get a lot of attention in recent years. In order to analyze the grasp ability and optimize structure parameters of underactuated hands for effective grasp, new grasp performance metrics have been defined. The new metrics quantify the effective grasp region and grasp stability of underactuated hands. A general method to calculate the new performance metrics is introduced by developing a static grasp model. Then an optimization method of underactuated hands is proposed based on the new metrics and structure parameters of a general underactuated hand are optimized. Finally, the performance of the optimized hand is experimentally validated.


A decentralized LQG‐based control strategy is designed to reduce low‐frequency sound transmission through periodically stiffened panels. While modern control strategies have been used to reduce sound radiation from relatively simple structural acoustic systems, significant implementation issues have to be addressed before these control strategies can be extended to large systems such as the fuselage of an aircraft. For instance, centralized approaches typically require a high level of connectivity and are computationally intensive, while decentralized strategies face stability problems caused by the unmodeled interaction between neighboring control units. Since accurate uncertainty bounds are not known a priori, it is difficult to ensure the decentralized control system will be robust without making the controller overly conservative. Therefore, an iterative approach is suggested, which utilizes frequency‐shaped loop recovery. The approach accounts for modeling error introduced by neighboring control loop...


Introductory CAD courses typically have a large enrollment. This results in considerable grading for the faculty and thus slow feedback for the student. As a solution to this problem, a program has been created to automatically grade students' work that is submitted in a text file format. The program receives students' files by email, and returns grading feedback to the students through email as well. The effectiveness of the program is demonstrated using a survey of the students as well as improvement of the students test scores compared to the previous year when the program was not used. An additional benefit of using the program is the instructor's time grading is dramatically reduced.


Software is vital for the success of most firms today. However, software crises are common and examples abound of situations where the competitiveness of firms has been threatened by failures in the production and/or deployment of software. In addition, there is a paucity of published research about the adoption of software management practices within firms. This paper describes an empirical study of the adoption levels of software management practices within 882 European firms from 15 countries and 9 sectors. Management practices in five areas are surveyed: organizational issues, standards and procedures, metrics, control of the development process, and tools and technology. Our study shows that there are statistically significant differences in the adoption of software management practices across the surveyed countries and sectors. Companies in leading countries and sectors tend to have adopted more practices related to organizational issues, standards and procedures, and metrics. Areas for further investment in software management practices within specific sectors and countries are also outlined. In addition, managers can benchmark the adoption of software management practices within their own organization against firms in our sample and come to useful conclusions about improving their management of software production.


Insight from the spatial genetic structure (SGS) of a species is fundamental to under- standing the patterns of effective dispersal and gene flow among its populations. Despite the ecolog- ical importance of sponges and the variety of reproduction and dispersal strategies they present, which can strongly influence SGS, there is only 1 study assessing small-scale SGS in sponges. That species had a continuous distribution and relatively wide-scale larval dispersal. Here we study the contribution of sexual and asexual reproduction, and the breeding and mating system to the SGS of a sponge species, Scopalina lophyropoda, with a patchy distribution and more limited larval disper- sal. All individuals from 3 populations were mapped and genetically characterised for 7 microsatel- lite loci. The extent of clonality was minor (ca. 7%), possibly caused by a balance between fissions and fusions. The scarce clonality did not contribute to the SGS, which was analysed by autocorrela- tion statistics at both the ramet (including clones) and the genet (excluding clones) levels. The spatial autocorrelation analyses elicited a pattern of strong SGS at the small scale, confirming the predic- tions of philopatric larval dispersal, which fosters isolation by distance. All these patterns, however, contrast with the conspicuous lack of inbreeding detected in the populations, which is in agreement with recent data on other marine modular invertebrates and confirms that strong SGS does not necessarily imply inbreeding.


Theophylline with ethylenediamine (aminophyl!ine) is established in the treatment of certain forms of cardiac and respiratory diseases. It relaxes the bronchi (Goodman and Gilman, 1955) , decreases venous filling of the heart and increases cardiac output in patients with cardiac failure (Howarth, McMichael, and S~larpey-Schafer, 1948). In patients with cardiac failure it may produce a diuresis by this effect on cardiac output combi1ned with its act· . 1011 on renal tubular reabso11ption which It depresses (Walker, Schmidt, Elsom, a.nd Johnson, 1937). . The value of aminophylline is somewhat : nited by difficulties of administration. For


MalY represents a bifunctional pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate‐dependent enzyme acting as a β‐cystathionase and as a repressor of the maltose regulon. Here we present the crystal structures of wild‐type and A221V mutant protein. Each subunit of the MalY dimer is composed of a large pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate‐binding domain and a small domain similar to aminotransferases. The structural alignment with related enzymes identifies residues that are generally responsible for β‐lyase activity and depicts a unique binding mode of the pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate correlated with a larger, more flexible substrate‐binding pocket. In a screen for MalY mutants with reduced mal repressor properties, mutations occurred in three clusters: I, 83–84; II, 181–189 and III, 215–221, which constitute a clearly distinguished region in the MalY crystal structure far away from the cofactor. The tertiary structure of one of these mutants (A221V) demonstrates that positional rearrangements are indeed restricted to regions I, II and III. Therefore, we propose that a direct protein–protein interaction with MalT, the central transcriptional activator of the maltose system, underlies MalY‐dependent repression of the maltose system.


The article describes the concept, objectives and tasks of integrated logistics support services for aviation gas turbine engines and gas-pumping installations. Analysis of different approaches to the creation of the system of after-sales service of the CCD was made. The results of the analysis of economic efficiency of after-sales service after the product production are shown.


The liquid-phase Friedel-Crafts acylation of toluene using benzoyl chloride as benzoylating agent has heen carried out over Ni, Mn(j.xl Fc~ 0 4 (x=O, 0.2, 004, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) Iype system~ under different reaction conditions. It is observed that the systems with high 'x' values are effective for the conversion of BOC and the selective formation of 4-MBP. Selectivity for 4-MBP over MnFec04 is more than 90% under the optimized reaction conditions. Sites of moderate acidity is effective in calalyzing the bCIl7oylation reaction.


Introduction. The activities of enterprises engaged in the production, preparation, transportation and primary processing of oil are associated with the formation and accumulation of a large amount of waste (spent drilling fluids, drilling mud, oil sludge, spent catalysts, etc.), which leads to pollution of environmental objects and can contribute to the formation of adverse effects on public health. Materials and methods. The sanitary and hygienic state of atmospheric air, soil, the water of surface (rivers, lakes) and underground (wells, wells, springs) water sources, the water of centralized water supply systems in the territories of large oil fields the Republic of Bashkortostan is carried out. The origins of information were data from many years of in-house research, the regional information fund of the Sanitary Hygienic Monitoring, and departmental laboratories. Results. Studies have found that in areas of oil production, the content of chemicals in concentrations exceeding hygienic standards is detected: in the atmospheric air - dihydrosulfide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide; in underground waters - chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, iron, strontium, increased mineralization and general hardness; in the soil - sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, petroleum products. Contamination of water from underground water sources and atmospheric air can contribute to the risk of adverse effects from individual organs and systems, as well as carcinogenic hazards. Based on the results of the study, ecological and hygienic recommendations were developed. Conclusion. As a result of the study, the level of public health risk associated with environmental factors in the oil-producing region was assessed, and a set of hygienic measures was justified.


The construction of the new countryside,a project related to politics,economy,culture,society and Party construction,is characteristic of comprehension,long time and complication.However,in practice,some regions,neglecting the central work of developing economy,are busy with superficial work.It should have a correct understanding of the construction of the new countryside to attain the comprehensive purposes of the project.


A sleeve for protecting pipes is provided to adjust the length of a first and a second pipe body in a sliding manner and to fix the sleeve at a predetermined position accurately by forming a supporting bracket connected to a flange, thereby improving efficiency and accuracy of the process. A sleeve for protecting pipes comprises a flange(3), a plurality of holes(36) formed on the flange in a circumferential direction, a fitting hole(32), an annular sill(34) formed along the outer perimeter of the flange, and a supporting bracket(6). One end of the supporting bracket is fitted into the fitting hole and the other end is fixed to a mold.


The values of constitution procedure,which can resolve the contradiction of procedural value,are associate compactly with characters of constitution procedure norms and embodies internal constitution value.The values mostly comprise reason,righteousness and dignity,order and freedom,efficiency and justice act on.The reality of constitution procedure is one of processes from which man actively realizes the norms of constitution procedure through arrangement.


The analysis of the financial cycle and its interaction with the macroeconomy has become a central issue for the design of macroprudential policy since the 2007–08 financial crisis. This paper proposes the construction of financial cycle measures for the US based on a large data set of macroeconomic and financial variables. More specifically, we estimate three synthetic financial cycle components that account for the majority of the variation in the data set using a dynamic factor model. We investigate whether these financial cycle components have significant predictive power for economic activity, inflation and short-term interest rates by means of Granger causality tests in a factor-augmented VAR set-up. Further, we analyze whether the synthetic financial cycle components have significant forecasting power for the prediction of economic recessions using dynamic probit models. Our main findings indicate that all financial cycle measures improve the quality of recession forecasts significantly. In particular, the factor related to financial market participants' uncertainty and risk aversion—related to Rey's (2013) global financial cycle—seems to serve as an appropriate early warning indicator for policymakers.


As a major provider of credit to agricultural producers, continuity of business is an important concern for Farm Credit. This study seeks to estimate the change in annual new loan volume that a new Farm Credit branch would generate using county market and spatial characteristics. Annual new loan volume data from Farm Credit of East Central Oklahoma for each of the 51 counties in the region from 1993 to 2012 are regressed against each county's proximity to an office, total cash receipts for crops and livestock, acres rented, and value of agricultural real estate. Results confirm that annual new loan volume is significantly impacted by distance from potential borrowers in the county to the nearest lending office, acres of agricultural land rented, and value of agricultural real estate . Loan volume predictions are used to simulate the impact of additional Farm Credit offices, including offices recently opened. The methodology utilized here allows Farm Credit to predict the financial consequences of opening a new branch, allowing for more profitable branch placement decisions. The existing literature focuses on the effect of credit availability on agricultural production and lacks specificity and a managerial perspective of the effect of producers' characteristics on the success of the Farm Credit System. In contrast, this research offers detailed insight into the profitability of additional offices in East Central Oklahoma.


The novel bidentate ligand 1,3-bis(1,2,3,4-tetrazol-2-yl)propane (pbtz), which possesses a flexible spacer, was synthesised in order to investigate the influence of the flexibility of ligand molecules on the architecture of coordination polymers. For that purpose the reactions between pbtz and M(ClO4)2·6H2O salts (M = CuII and ZnII) were performed. The complexes [{Cu(pbtz)3}(ClO4)2]∞ and [{Zn(pbtz)3}(ClO4)2·2EtOH]∞ were characterised by IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. In both compounds the pbtz ligand molecules act as N4,N4′ connectors bridging the central atoms, and the 2-substituted tetrazole rings coordinate in a monodentate fashion to the central atoms forming M(tetrazole)6 cores. [{Cu(pbtz)3}(ClO4)2]∞ was isolated as a 1D coordination polymer. The copper(II) ions are triply bridged by ligand molecules, leading to the formation of infinite 1D chains. A highly unusual manner of bridging, with the tethering of two neighbouring central atoms by the same kind of ligand molecules, although possessing different conformations, is observed. In [{Zn(pbtz)3}(ClO4)2·2EtOH]∞ the six-coordinate zinc(II) ions, which are bridged by single ligand molecules, serve as topological nodes, leading to the formation of a 3D α-polonium-type network. The crystal structure of the ZnII complex contains only one such net solvated by ethanol molecules. A conformational analysis of the ligand molecules in both compounds demonstrates that the flexibility of the pbtz and the ability of the tetrazole rings in particular to adopt various, relative orientations is responsible for the diversity of the architectures of the obtained complexes. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)


For several years, with the opening of each new session of Congress, the "Bulletin" has urged the passage of legislation establishing a National Science Foundation to give Federal support to basic science. The author of the following article is President of the California Institute of Technology and a member of the Advisory Committee to the Atomic Energy Commission.


Comments In Figure 2(b), small rectangles fit on the diagonal of the large rectangle so the shaded rectangle has , . Our proof is thus a geometrical presentation of a familiar proof which goes back to Estermann in [1] and was taken up in subsequent Gazette articles such as [2, 3, 4]. In the case of , we get an additional proof using A4-sized paper to those given in [5]. For then the rectangles in Figure 1 correspond to (say) sheets of A5 and A4 paper and, placing the A5 one on the diagonal of the A4 one as in Figure 2(b) gives , for the remaining shaded rectangle. k = ⎣ N⎦ a × b a′ × b′ a′ = Nb − ka b′ = a − kb


Few deny that the United States loses jobs in many industries because of free trade. Should its workers bear the burden of a free trade policy? The author argues that expanding the current Trade Adjustment Assistance program could adequately protect workers, but that the current program is not good enough.


Hydrophobic monodispersed silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)were synthesized by an oil-water interface method using silver stearate dissolved in toluene as source of silver ions,sodium borohydride dissolved in water as reducing agent,and dodecylamine as the surfactant.The surface modification and phase transfer of the hydrophobic AgNPs were accomplished with the aid ofα-cylodextrin(α-CD)or cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB).Ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)were used for analyzing the effects of surface modification on AgNPs.Moreover,the formation mechanism of the transfer was preliminarily explored.The results showed thatα-CD and CTAB transferred the hydrophobic AgNPs into water effectively.The transferred AgNPs were characterized with a larger size in particles and a red-shift absorption in the UV absorbance spectrum.


Abstract : The convergence and the convergence rate of the Tapia indicators were established in El- Bakry [1] and EL-Bakry, Tapia, and Zhang [2] in the context of primal-dual interior-point method under the assumption of strict complementarity In the current work we use a recent result of Monteiro and Wright [10] to extend this theory to the case when strict complementarity does not hold.


The field experiment was conducted using four rice cultivars (Nanjing 41, Wuxiangjing 14, Yangdao 6, and Shanyou 559) with the treatment of the temperature (40±0.2)℃ for five hours (10:00-15:00) at the 1st day of rice heading. The results showed that rice pollen activity decreased with the delaying flowering time under normal temperature, and significantly reduced by high temperature (P 0.05). The difference of pollen activity between under high and under normal temperatures decreased with the delaying of flowering time, with in the highest decrement in the day of treatment or the first day after treatment. Pollen germination rate on stigmas, pollen germination rate on culture medium and stainable pollen grain rate by I-KI of the four cultivars on average under high temperature were 16.00, 25.85, and 11.74 percentage points lower than those under normal temperature at that time, and 8.49, 6.63, and 6.02 percentage points lower than those under normal temperature at 4 days after treatment. The seed setting rate of four cultivars on average under high temperature were 14.04 percentage points lower than that under normal temperature at the day of treatment, and 5.95 percentage points lower than that under normal temperature at 4 days after treatment, but empty grain and unfilled grain rates of four cultivars on average under high temperature were 10.06 and 3.98 percentage points higher than those under normal temperature at the day of treatment, and 3.98 and 1.97 percentage points higher than those under normal temperature at four days after treatment, respectively. In addition, significant difference of temperature effects on pollen activity and seed setting existed among the four cultivars with the least impact in Shanyou 559. According to the regression analysis, the rates of seed setting, empty grain and unfilled grain showed a significantly linear correlation with the rates of pollen germination on stigmas and on culture medium (P 0.05), respectively. The above results suggest that the potential heat injury of short-term high temperature to rice pollen activity and seed setting is decreased with the delaying of flowering time and that the rates of pollen germination on stigmas and an culture medium may be the suitable indicators for selective breeding of heat resistance and the prediction of heat injury probability and degree.


Objectives: To investigate the medical staff's acceptability for providing HIV testing and consulting(PITC) services in family planning clinic and the related influencing factors.Method: Interviews and questionnaires were administered to medical professionals in family planning clinics.Results: Over 90% of medical professionals have a basic command of AIDS Knowledge,but only a small proportion of them acquired specialized AIDS knowledge.About 85% of the medical professionals are willing to provide patients with the HIV testing and consulting services initiatively,while 15% were unwilling to do so because "they are busy in their work,and short of time"(66.67%) or "they consider it unnecessary"(33.33%).The medical professionals think the essential conditions for providing consulting services include the "private space","professionals receiving specialized HIV knowledge training"(80.00%) and "support from national policy and leaders of hospital"(70.00%).Since PITC service was carried out in our clinic last year,the consultation rate increased from 44.26% to 72.40%,the HIV examination rate increased from 11.64% to 23.15%,the differences being statistically significant(P0.01).Conclusion: Providing PITC service by the medical professionals in family planning clinics is feasible.It can significantly increase patients' HIV examination rate.The influencing factors for providing consulting services include medical professionals' lack of specialized AIDS knowledge and necessary consultation skills,heavy workload,lack of private consultation spaces,lack of policy support and special funds.


Around 40% of GPs in England and Wales have experienced conditions such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder, a survey has found.

Mind, the mental health charity, conducted the online survey of 1066 GPs in England and Wales. It found that many GPs with mental health problems would not consider turning to their colleagues for support.

Of those who responded, most (84%; 843) said that they would seek support from friends and family, while 77% (758) said that they would speak to their own doctor for support.

Just under half (45%; 445) said that they would …


The mitotic kinesin CENP-E is an essential kinetochore motor that directly contributes to the capture and stabilization of spindle microtubules by kinetochores. Although it has been well established that CENP-E is essential for metaphase chromosome alignment and reduction of CENP-E leads to high rates of whole chromosome missegregation in cells, its properties as a microtubule- dependent motor, the mechanism by which CENP-E contributes to the dynamic linkage between kinetochores and spindle microtubules, and how its motility is regulated are unknown. In this dissertation, using single molecule assays, CENP-E has been shown to be a processive, plus end -directed motor with one-dimensional diffusion, which allows microtubule attachment for long periods. Direct visualization of recombinant full-length Xenopus CENP-E by electron microscopy reveals a highly flexible, 230 nm-long coiled-coil separating its kinesin motor and kinetochore targeting domains. Furthermore, full-length CENP-E is a plus end-directed motor whose activity is essential for metaphase chromosome alignment. Based on these findings, I propose that the highly processive microtubule-dependent motor activity of CENP-E serves not only to power chromosome congression, but also to provide a flexible, motile tether linking kinetochores to dynamic spindle microtubules. CENP-E is highly phosphorylated during mitosis, which raises the possibility that phosphorylation may regulate the function of CENP-E at individual kinetochores. Strikingly, blocking phosphorylation of a single conserved site close to the motor domain of CENP-E prevents chromosome alignment with few chromosomes remaining close to spindle poles. Using purified components and a phospho-specific antibody, I demonstrate that Aurora kinases, both A and B, phosphorylate this site both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation occurs while CENP-E is bound to the kinetochore and reduces the affinity of CENP-E for microtubules in vitro. Moreover, CENP-E phosphorylation is shown to be required, downstream of Aurora activation, for the congression of incorrectly attached chromosomes that are moved to the spindle pole. My findings demonstrate that CENP-E is under direct control of Aurora kinases to promote chromosome biorientation


The article reveals contradictions between two worlds: Russia and West. Special attention is given to question whether Russia is able to go on as a special cultural and historical world and one of the great modern civilizations.


This work discusses the photoreaction of crystalline β-9-anthracenecarboxylic acid (C15H10O2, 9AC). The thermally reversible [4 + 4] photodimerization of crystalline 9AC was investigated with electronic and vibrational spectroscopy and with photocrystallographic techniques. The photocrystallographic studies and their interpretation lead to a complex picture of the mechanism of this photoreaction. The increase of the peak widths during photoreaction is interpreted as a disorder increase in the crystalline lattice. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that this disorder is caused by the formation of various product configurations during photoreaction. At least three possible configurations have been found. Different tautomeric sites lead to an additional disorder parameter adding another complexity in the observed photodimerization reaction. For the overall photodimerization a maximum conversion rate of 75% has been determined. Application of the Johnson, Mehl, Avrami, and Kolmogorov (JMAK) model leads to ...


This essay is my reflection and commentary on an article exploring the rhetoric of the second wave of feminism that was published in 1973 as the wave was developing. It describes how the article came into existence, what I would change if I were writing it today, what of the original essay I would reaffirm, what ideas in it I would elaborate, and what I see as its most important omissions.


To decrease the usage of limited Conventional energy sources and to increase the Non-Conventional energy sources like solar energy because they are pollution free, fuel cost is free. Applications of P.V Array are water purification, Commercial and Industrial lighting. Compared to other Non-conventional energy sources P.V system is more efficient. Due to variations of atmospheric temperature and radiation P.V Array does not operate at M.P.P to give maximum power and results in low efficiency. Short Circuit Current is one of the simple M.P.P.T algorithms but, does not exactly operate at M.P.O.P. The Proposed Incremental Conductance M.P.P.T method can eliminate above draw back


OUYANG Xiu and MEI Yao-chen are life-time poetry friends.OUYANG analysed the characdteristics and change of MEI 's poetry in different stages.In his late years,OUYANG concluded in Liuyi Poetry Talksthat the general character of MEI's poetry is fresh and refined,classical and elegant.


In this paper, we present a computational investigation of the nonreacting flow structure inside a novel asymmetric vortex combustor that was recently proposed by the authors. Large Eddy Simulation using the Smagorinsky-Lilly subgrid turbulence closure has been used to study such flow. A computational grid of 2.22×106 cells was used to ensure that the resolved turbulence kinetic energy is fairly more than 80% of the total turbulence kinetic energy budget. The flow was found to exhibit a central recirculation zone, and two secondary recirculation zones in the asymmetry regions. The vortex structure was found to be a completely forced vortex field. The effect of turbulence on the size and structure of the statistically averaged mean flow phenomena has been analyzed as discussed.


This paper presents the power line carrier communication means audio power transmission via power line and reception of the amplified audio power at the receiver as in the form of speaker output signal using power line as the channel medium. The main objective of this proposed research work is to transmitting our message signal after frequency modulation by the help of FM modulator IC LM566 which gives output proportional to the input voltage of the input message signal. And this audio (power is received from the power line by the help of isolation circuit and demodulated from IC LM565 which uses the concept of the PLL and produces FM demodulated signal to the listener. The structure of the PLCC is typical in both the sections because it evolves the FM modulator, audio power amplifier, and the main circuit is for the signal isolation from the AC current signal otherwise our modulated signal will be damaged and circuitry can be burnt also completely. Message signal will be transmitted over the carrier signal that will generated from the FM modulator IC LM566 using this message signal will not damage because of no direct contact of message signal from the power line, but noise can disturb our information. We can implement this project not only with analog message but also with the digital data using A/D and D/A conver- -ters.


This paper examines the relationship between R&D collaboration breadth and innovation efficiency within family firms. Based on the socioemotional wealth approach and recognising that family firms constitute a rather heterogeneous group, we study family firms' differences in the way of addressing the R&D collaboration breadth-innovation efficiency link, taking into account family management and the generational stage. Using a panel dataset of 424 manufacturing family firms during the 2007–2016 period, we find significant differences across family firms in the translation of gains from R&D collaboration breadth into innovation efficiency. Specifically, our findings reveal that family firms with higher levels of family management and in first generational stage weaken the R&D collaboration breadth – innovation efficiency link.


Mass spectrometric quantitative analysis on the gaseous and volatile products formed by pyrolysis of polyamide(6nylon)and polyvinyl acetate in a vessel containing the calibrated amounts of air at various temperatures was studied. The pyrolytic products were hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methanoi, ethanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethyl furan, methyl furan, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, methane, acetylene, ethylene, ethane, propane, propylene, butene, butane, benzene, toluene and others. Similar experiments were also carried out for the polyamide synthetic fiber, and the main components of the gaseous and volatile products formed by pyrolysis were identified. From the results of these works, mass spectrometry seems to be an effective method for the analysis of the pyrolysis product of polyamide and polyvinyl acetate.


The differences of electric mechanism, phase behavior and high temperature stability of cyhalothrin drug-loading microemulsion were investigated when the dodecyl benzenesulfonic salts(DBS-) combined with five coherer counter-ions and polyoxyethylene styrenyl ether were mixed at the same molar ratio. The results show that K+ and Na+ were propitious to the formation of O/W microemulsion because DBSK and DBSNa had the strong water-solubility, and the hydrated radius of K+ and Na+ were small,which induced big bingding degrees of the counter-ions with the hydronium garret group. The O/W microemulsion could also form when the counter-ion was Li+ , but it was worse than K+ and Na+. Ca2+ and Mg2+ dodecyl benzenesulfonic salts are lipophilic surfactants, and thus were not propitious to the formation of O/W microemulsion.


We find the conditions under which the spectrum of the unitary time evolution operator for a periodically rank-N kicked system remains pure point. This stability result allows one to analyze the onset of, or lack of chaos in this class of quantum mechanical systems, extending the results for rank-1 systems produced by Combescure and others. This work includes a number of unitary theorems equivalent to those well known and used in the self-adjoint theory.


Health professions education research (HPE‐R) must be ethically sound. Ethical review decisions and other ethical considerations should be clearly reported in journal articles to allow readers to assess the ethical soundness of the research. We explored and evaluated how ethical review decisions and ethical considerations for HPE‐R are reported in health professions education (HPE) journal articles.


Abstract Talent identification in team sports is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. The purpose of this study was to examine differences between elite and non-elite handball players in three age groups: U14 (n=186), U16 (n=150), and U18 (n=92). A multidimensional test battery was assessed, taking biological maturation into account. Significant maturation effects were found for all anthropometric characteristics and most performance variables. Compared with their non-elite peers, the elite handball players demonstrated significantly greater aerobic capacity (P<0.01), strength and power (U14: countermovement jump, P=0.021; sit-ups, P=0.003; handgrip, P=0.020; U16: countermovement jump, P=0.013; five-jump test, P<0.001), and speed and agility (P<0.05) when maturation was controlled for. There was a significant difference in flexibility between elite and non-elite players in the U18 group (P<0.05). The elite and non-elite players did not differ in task- and ego-orientation. These results show that elite and non-elite young handball players possess different physical performance characteristics and that the specific tests that discriminate elite from non-elite handball players vary among age groups. In addition, maturity status can influence the results and should therefore be considered in talent identification and development programmes.


To many scholars and policymakers, 'partition' offers the most efficacious means of resolving ethnic-civil wars. Others reject partition as a solution, citing flaws (both logical and empirical) and harmful international implications should such an approach become commonplace. What has been missing from this debate is an understanding of how the process of partition unfolds. In this article we examine such a process, the case of the Krajina in the war in Yugoslavia, 1994–1995. The US aligned itself with Croatia against Serbs rebelling in the Krajina region of Croatia. The culmination of this alignment occurred in August 1995 when Croatian forces initiated 'Operation Storm' (Oluja) against Croatian Serb insurgents. Croatian forces effectively cleansed the Krajina of its Serbian population. Eager to initiate a diplomatic peace process, Washington welcomed the Croatian operation, and largely because of Operation Storm, negotiations at Dayton became possible.


The author defines such concepts as aggression and empathy, considers development of the empathic abilities in juvenile age, and its correlation with the aggression. The author carries out a research aimed to reveal special features of the adolescent aggression according to the different empathy levels.


Conducting polymers (CPs) are materials with unique optoelectronic properties that are employed in both chemical sensing and biosensing. A variety of electrochemical and optical biosensor designs have been developed based on CPs, due to their simple fabrication and direct readout methodologies. Efforts have been directed toward achieving high sensitivity, low detection limits, and superior selectivity for target molecules, which are the main considerations when evaluating a biosensor. As the capabilities of nanofabrication expand, nanoscale CP materials, such as nanowires and nanotubes, have been utilized to improve the performance of CP-based biosensors. Simultaneously, multiple target detection through biosensor arrays has sped up developments in the field. This article gives an overview of recent designs in electrochemical biosensors utilizing CPs as active sensing elements in different formats, including array sensors. We discuss aspects of CP-based biosensing where further research is needed to advance their performance, including sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and pretreatment of analyst.

Keywords:

Conducting polymer films;
DNA sensor;
immunosensor;
conducting polymer nanowires;
sensor array


This pilot study was initiated by the sawmill industry and aims to investigate thepossibility of introducing autonomous vehicles in the form of forklift trucks forhandling of timber packages at saw ...


This paper proposes a method to synthesize a full wave control applied to a multilevel modular converter (MMC). This method guarantees the output waveform and the balancing of the capacitors. Numerical simulations and experiments are used to check the validity of the approach.


Purpose. To analyze the divergence of early maturing source material of corn Zea mays L. in heterosis breeding for the genetic base formation at the State Institution the Institute of Grain Crops of the NAAS of Ukraine.Methods. Field (comprehensive assessment of morphobiological and economically valuable characteristics of the source material and maize hybrids) individual selection, cumulative and recurrent selection, backross and testcrosses breeding methods; laboratory; analysis and synthesis; statistical.Results. The results of research on the analysis of the divergence of early maturing corn source material in the conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine has become a developed harmonized working collection of corn breeding samples adapted to the stressful conditions of this region. The gradual cyclical improvement of the lines made it possible to form the core of the genetic diversity of FAO 150–290 early maturing specimens of the southern ecotype, which are competitive in heterosis breeding. The complexity of breeding for early maturity in the steppe conditions is due to the lack of material adapted to the stress factors of the South of Ukraine. The available early maturing lines of the world collection F2, F7, Ер1, Ма21, Ма23, Со125, Со255, См7, PLS61, S72, etc., were distinguished by high cold resistance, good starting plant development, intensive accumulation of dry matter during ripening, but not adapted to the deficiency of moisture in the soil and high summer temperatures. According to the results of the experiment, it was revealed that, in terms of breeding, lines of Lancaster plasma (DK427 and DK633) were the most plastic, due to which a number of new mid-early lines were obtained, for example DK2/427, DK267, DK266/417, DK633/266, DK296, etc., which were included in the registered hybrids. Formation of the genetic base of early maturing maize source material for heterosis breeding and systematization according to different breeding characteristics provided a balance of samples of alternative components, which will be further used to model heterosis hybrids in the early maturing group.Conclusions. The updated basic collection of lines is represented by the samples of plasma Iodent: DK744SVZM, DK216SVZM, DK4173SVZM, DK235zS, DK257zM, SV, DK365SVZM, DK777ZMSV, DK733-7zM,SV, DK315SVZM; Lancaster: DK296zS,VM, DK633/266zS,VM, DK2965ZSZM, DK2953 ZSZM, DK3023 ZSZM, DK236zS,ZM; Raid (SSS): DK232MV, DK2323MV, DK239MV; Mixed: DK253ZSZM, DK273MV, DK272zS, DK281SV, DK233zM,SV, DK959MV, DK9527 ZSZM, DK247MV, DK2442MV, which is the basis of the genetic diversity of early ripening corn samples included in the State register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine.


Nasal inspiration is important for maintaining the internal environment of the lung, since it equilibrates ambient air with alveolar conditions (body temperature and fully saturated water vapor) on reaching the nasopharynx. The authors conducted a computational study of unsteady air flow and transport phenomena in a nose-like model. The results of the present 3D simulation revealed that about 80% of the daily consumed heat and humidity are transferred to the inspired air through the nasal cavity.


Content warning: This article contains descriptions of childbirth, obstetric violence and references to birth trauma. Having recently given birth to my third child, I know all about the anxieties that accompany pregnancy and labour. Like any prospective parent, my strongest wish as my due date neared was for the safe delivery of my baby. In Australia, a country with one of the lowest infant mortality rates in the world, it was a wish that, fortunately, would more than likely be fulfilled.


A unified SIRS epidemic model relating to artificial immunity,feedback mechanism,crowd-density and the moving activity of individuals was proposed.The dynamic behavior of the model was studied through a theoretical analysis and computer simulation.The results show that artificial immunity can impact the stable infective ratio and the spreading threshold of the system.Feedback can impact the stable infective ratio only,but not the spreading threshold of the system.The bigger the crowd-density is,the higher the stable infective ratio is and meanwhile,the smaller the spreading threshold is.Furthermore,the stable infective ratio of the moving crowd is higher than that of the static crowd in the case of a low crowd-density.This indicates that the moving activity of individuals can promote the spreading of a disease.


This study aims to determine the comparison of enteral drinking by using syringes of 20 ml and 50 ml of drinking tolerance in preterm infants. The method used is a randomized controlled trial with a crossover design. The results of this study illustrate that there is a significant difference in the duration of the drinking intervention intervention group using 20 ml syringes and 50 syringes on the first and second day (p value respectively 0.036; 0.033), there is no significant difference in the intervention group giving drinking using 20 ml syringe and 50 ml syringe on the third day (p value 0.984). There were no significant differences in gastric residue on the first, second and third day in the two intervention groups. The incidence of vomiting on the first, second and third day there was no significant difference in the intervention group of drinking using a 20 ml syringe and 50 ml syringe (p value each was 1,000). Conclusion, Provision of enteral drinking by using a 20 ml syringe and 50 ml syringe have the same drinking tolerance in premature babies.

Keywords: Premature Babies, Enteral Drinking, Tolerance to Drink


A type of frictional sensor which can be applied to measure the frictional force between soil and underground structure is invented. The key part of the senor is an elastic beam which has very small axial deformation under axial force but has much larger transverse deformation under same transverse forces, and the frictional force is calculated from the beam deflection. The advantage of the sensor is that it can be easily produced and it has very clear mechanical response under frictional force. Numerical analysis and experiments show that the frictional sensor is stable with high resolution. Moreover, it is almost not influenced by soil pressure normal to the soil-structure interface.


Abstract : This Memorandum contains a bibliography of unclassified books, Reports (R's), RAND Memoranda (RM's), Papers (P's), and Translations (T's) that have been issued by (or, in the case of books, published for) the Social Science Department of The RAND Corporation from its inception to April 30, 1967. It replaces RM-3600-3 (AD-631 594) issued in April 1966. RAND publications in the social sciences are listed under authors' names arranged alphabetically. Through the numerical finding lists it is also possible to locate quickly in the author index any item whose number is known. For convenience, a consolidated list of books in the social sciences is provided. (Author)


At the beginning of this thesis, it is discussed about the meaning of the web services and the core technologies of these services (XML, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI) are also mentioned in detail. Following this, the most frequent malicious attacks made on these services are presented and the way that affects their normal functioning is also highlighted. For the reason that any attack requires a proper treatment, the security standards of these services are indicated, as well as, the ways to identify and deal with these malicious attacks. Furthermore, it is discussed about the information system "EVDOXOS" (Course Management System of the Department of Digital Systems) and the security policy to be followed for the specific information system. Finally, the types of security attacks are mentioned, to which the information system "EVDOXOS" is vulnerable and suggested ways to encounter such attacks.


. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily which form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) in nucleus and bind to the PPAR response elements (PPREs) of target genes, leading to a wide spectrum of physiological functions. With an improved understanding of its physiological role, PPAR ‰ and its agonist have been gaining attention in cancer research in recent years. Despite the paucity of research concerning the direct relationship between PPAR ‰ and gastric cancer, there is substantial evidence that PPAR ‰ may play a role in the development of gastric cancer. This review focuses on recent literature describing the role of PPAR ‰ , especially in its association with nuclear factor- κ B (NF- κ B), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Wnt-ß-catenin/TCF-4 pathways on gastric tumorigenesis and highlights critical discrepancies that need to be resolved for a more compre-hensive understanding of how this receptor modulates gastric tumorigenesis. The potential role of PPAR ‰ as a therapeutic target in the treatment of gastric cancer deserves further research focus. target of Wnt-ß-catenin/TCF-4 pathways, and its expression was increased in Apc min mice. However, manipulations of PPAR ‰ in Apc min mice were shown to lead to different effects on tumorigenesis.