A novel knowledge-representation methodology that imposes syntactic structure and semantic discipline on the knowledge base is presented. The representation is based on the semantic network formalism and extends its organization principles to the semantics of the stored knowledge. Knowledge is classified according to subject and is organized into an inheritance hierarchy. Domain and reasoning knowledge are separated. Stored knowledge becomes reusable and can be shared among applications. The presented methodology supports reasoning through classification, specialization, and instantiation.<<ETX>>


Excessive distortion of arch dam foundation will induce crack of dam,and will affect the security of whole project.The paper studies the remnant strong weathering rock under the foundation resulting in crack of the Xiajiankou arch dam in Chongqing.The method of 3-D nonlinear finite element and ANSYS,a large universal computer software package,is used to simulate the detailed situation of the project.Two kinds of treatment measures for foundation-grouting and concrete-occluding are analyzed.With the strong capacity of background disposal,the displacement,stress and strain of foundation are educed,and the conclusion is obtained that the carrying capacity and stability of the foundation are improved through comparison.The scientific rationality of the foundation treatment is demonstrated by the security analysis using load-magnifying method and intensity-decreasing methods.The research not only solves problem of this project,but also provides experience and reference to similar projects.


Although propranolol has become the first‐line therapy for infantile haemangiomas (IHs), no study has yet investigated factors associated with the risk of relapse in children with IH treated with propranolol after cessation of treatment.


Gastric mucosae were mounted between chambers, some with Cl– bathing solutions and some with Cl–-free bathing solutions. The effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) was determined on the potential differ...


This appendix to Chapter 2 of the October 2021 World Economic Outlook provides documentation of data sources, country coverage, methodologies, and extensions of the analyses and narratives of the chapter. Section 2.1 compiles table summaries of the data sources and country coverage. Section 2.2 provides more details on the reduced form and structural Phillips Curve estimation. Section 2.3 elaborates on the analysis of inflation scares and market-based expectations. Section 2.4 illustrates a case study of the semiconductors sectors and its impact on inflation in the US, before moving on to the discussion of the quantile VAR analysis.


As usual I with a great pleasure inform about the quality of the editorial process in our section of the journal that can be illustrated by the rejection rate for the manuscripts received in the year 2005. This was 47%, i.e. almost half of the submitted manuscripts being rejected. This really would not be possible to achieve without a generous help and hard work of our reviewers whose names are listed below. Our special and sincere thanks go to all of them! With regard to supplements, two Issues were published in 2005: Supplement No. 16, based on the 2ndSymposium on the Alpha-Amylase Family, and Supplement No. 17, based on the 9thInterdisciplinary Slovak-Czech Toxicological Conference. The electronic versions of these two Supplements can be found at http://biologia.savba.sk/Suppl 16/Suppl 16.htm (Supplement No. 16) and http://www.eurotox.com/biologia/ Proceedings.htm (Supplement No. 17). This year, in 2006, we plan to publish the Supplement Issue based on the contributions from the conference New Perspectives on Probiotics that was held in Košice, Slovakia, September 2004. I also gladly announce the launch of a new category of articles – Recollections – that should offer the space in the journal for the outstanding persons to write something like a personal view of their career and life. We decided to start with Oskar Markovič, a famous Slovakian scientist and a gentleman who experienced in his life many hits from the communist system. You are invited to read his life-story on page 333 of this Issue. I use this Editorial also for thanking all of you who have supported the journal on its way to reach the main goal: to join the other high-quality international journals – all are equally acknowledged: the members of the Editorial Board, the authors and the referees.


Abstract The author explains that his background was in experimental psychology but that he wanted to study the whole person and not fragmented psychological processes. He also desired a non-reductionistic method for studying humans. Fortunately he came across the work of Edmund Husserl and discovered in the latter's thought a way of researching humans that met the criteria he was seeking. Eventually he developed a phenomenological method for researching humans in a psychological way based upon the work of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty. This article briefly describes the method.


The energy sector is a motor to speed up the economy development but is also a major pollutant. Rwanda, having about 60% of its total electricity production from imported fossil fuel (diesel genera ...


Power grids are rapidly evolving through digital transformation by adopting information and communication technologies. This evolution is creating concerns for electricity transmission and distribution companies to maintain security and reliability of the power grid. To safeguard the power grids, cyber-security risks and their consequences on security measures are required to be analyzed. This paper applies cyber-risk identification methodology with focus on digital substation for recognizing potential cyber-attacks, evaluates the cyber-risks and their impacts, and defines mitigation plans to ensure reliable operation of digital substations and safe and secure delivery of reliable power.


—The advent of 5G is expected to facilitate the de- ployment and integration of IoT infrastructure, through the radio access network (RAN) support for scalable cellular coverage. This is foreseen to enable the integration of thin IoT devices into massive machine type communication (mMTC) services, typically realized within the scope of corresponding network slices. At the same time, the emergence of edge computing and supporting virtualization and programmability technologies, promises the convergence of the IoT platform and the telecommunication domains, allowing for the integration of IoT platform capabilities, such as IoT gateway (IoT-GW) functionality, within the opera- tional scope of 5G network slices. In this paper, we take a close look at the role of IoT-GW functionality in the support of mMTC network slices, highlighting its importance in the definition of promising (IoT) infrastructure sharing models, extending up to the sharing of the IoT resources. We introduce a modular slicing architecture, which enables virtualization at the IoT GW level and mediated, coordinated communication with IoT devices. Based on this architecture and supporting orchestration mechanisms, we illustrate our proof of concept prototype based on open source components.


We propose a generalization of the coherent-potential approximation (CPA) in order to make it applicable to compositionally modulated alloys. This generalization (MODCPA) preserves all the desirable properties of CPA, such as analyticity and ease of computation, and in many cases yields results which are much more accurate than those obtained within the original CPA. Numerical calculations for the cases of one-dimensional and three-dimensional tight-binding model systems reveal that composition modulation may produce increased structure in the density of states with the setting in of energy gaps for certain directions and strengths of modulation. We found that the original CPA is not capable of accounting for such effects of the modulation. On the other hand, modulation effects on the density of states are quite accurately described within the MODCPA. Finally, we also show how the MODCPA can be extended to a cluster theory and how it can be applied to alloys describable by tight-binding Hamiltonians with both diagonal and off-diagonal disorder, and to alloys describable by muffin-tin Hamiltonians.


The problem of fitting experimental data to a given model function $f(t; p_1,p_2,\dots,p_N)$ is conventionally solved numerically by methods such as that of Levenberg-Marquardt, which are based on approximating the Chi-squared measure of discrepancy by a quadratic function. Such nonlinear iterative methods are usually necessary unless the function $f$ to be fitted is itself a linear function of the parameters $p_n$, in which case an elementary linear Least Squares regression is immediately available. When linearity is present in some, but not all, of the parameters, we show how to streamline the optimization method by reducing the "nonlinear activity" to the nonlinear parameters only. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. The main idea is to replace entries corresponding to the linear terms in the numerical difference quotients with an optimal value easily obtained by linear regression. More generally, the idea applies to minimization problems which are quadratic in some of the parameters. We show that the covariance matrix of $\chi^2$ remains the same even though the derivatives are calculated in a different way. For this reason, the standard non-linear optimization methods can be fully applied.


The magnetic and structural properties of amorphous Fe40Ni39Mo4B18 alloy which is a precursor of new nanocrystalline material have been investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the temperature dependence of resistivity were used to determine the structural stability and the crystallization temperatures. It was shown that amorphous FeNiMoB alloy crystallizes in two stages. Firstly at the temperature 360 degreesC, the FeNi phase appears, secondly at about 450 degreesC FeNiMo borides crystallize. The temperature dependence of the initial susceptibility describes the evolution of the magnetic properties in an amorphous state as well as during nano crystallization; the Curie temperature was found to be 327 degreesC. The magnetic after-effect (MAE) was also studied. The MAE spectrum consists of a thermally activated peak at 200 degreesC. The activation energy spectra (AES) were determined from the MAE by means of a computer analysis.


The linear quadratic optimal control method is used today to solve many complex systems problems. As system complexity increases, and as linear quadratic optimal control is used in more demanding situations, the extension of the design methodology to cover system failures, robustness and reliability is of crucial importance. This paper documents is the progress toward a theory which incorporates reliability in the performance index; a linear quadratic control problem is formulated which accounts for system effectiveness and gives an offline Procedure for comparing two linear quadratic control systems on the basis of both reliability and performance.


Empirical proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment is recommended as a diagnostic indicator for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and as a therapy for symptomatic control, with responses generally seen within 4 weeks. However, there are no real‐world data assessing the effectiveness of short‐term empirical treatment with PPIs in patients with GERD in China.


Thyroid cancer mortality rates have declined by more than 20% in Italy in the past three decades (1), whereas incidence rates have increased by threefold (http://www.registri -tumori.it/). Pellegriti et al. (2) have reported a substantially higher incidence rate of thyroid cancer in the Catania province of Sicily than in other Sicilian provinces and in other parts of Italy. They also explored associa tions of a range of possible risk factors for thyroid cancer with the presence of the volcano Mount Etna (which is in close proximity to the town of Catania). To further investigate the hypothesis of a link between volcanic soil and thyroid cancer incidence (2), we reviewed findings from all population-based Italian Cancer Registries. For both sexes in the period of 1998–2002, the highest incidence rates of thyroid cancer in Italy (ie, >15 thyroid can cers per 100 000 women and >5 thyroid cancers per 100 000 men) were found in cancer registries located in the Po River plain (the Provinces of Ferrara, Brescia, Reggio Emilia, and Modena), which have no volcanoes (Table 1). Conversely, the incidence rates were relatively low in Naples (nine thyroid cancers per 100 000 women and three thyroid cancers per 100 000 men), which is located in another volcanic area (Mount Vesuvius) in Southern Italy. Although the larger than expected number of thyroid cancers in the Catania province deserves further attention, the difficulties of comparing findings from population-based (Table 1) and hospitalbased (2) cancer registries should be kept in mind (3). Geographic differences and temporal trends of incidence rates for thyroid cancer can be greatly affected by the intensity of the search for thyroid nodules and of the histological investigation of thyroid


The EU has taken a leading role in calling for a round of new trade negotiations in the WTO to deal with the issues of globalisation. Proposals in the EU call for expansion into new areas such as global investment, competition, and environmental rules in addition to liberalisation negotiations on agriculture and services. Issues such as global governance, capital mobility, and labour standards are also explored. Brigid Gavin questions if the EU's call for path-breaking global negotiations is too ambitious and whether or not it will fail to achieve the required response from its trading partners.


Atrio-ventricular dissociation (AVD), including complete heart block (CHB), are far more common in the elderly. We report a rare case of CHB in a 40-year-old man, who tested positive for anti-Ro autoantibodies without systemic features. He had been suffering for giddiness over the previous two months. On arrival, his electrocardiogram revealed high-degree AVD. Upon further history, he mentioned that his 68-year-old mother with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had suffered from similar episodes, requiring a permanent pacemaker implantation. On further investigation, he tested positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-SSA/Ro and anti-RNP antibodies. However, from history and clinical examination, he had not manifested any articular, extra-articular or extra-glandular features suspicious of rheumatological conditions. Following a failed trial of intravenous hydrocortisone, he subsequently had a permanent pacemaker implanted himself. Although difficult to ascertain whether our patient suffered from a congenital form of anti-SSA/Ro-related CHB, there is evidence to suggest delayed presentation of CHB in those with anti-SSA/Ro and neonatal lupus syndrome. Anti-SSA/Ro antibodies without systemic features can be present in 3% of the population, although this occurs more commonly in the presence of a confirm diagnosis of SLE, Sjögren's syndrome or poly- and dermatomyositis. Despite the scarcity of evidence, a trial of steroid-based treatment was attempted prior to subjecting the young patient to a permanent pacemaker and its associated complications. To our knowledge, this is only the second case of isolated anti-SSA/Ro syndrome presenting with CHB reported in the literature.


We have developed a 3 μm mid-IR continuous wave OPO-based two-tone frequency modulation laser absorption technique. The optical spectrometer was characterized and deployed for investigating C2H2 concentration dynamics in a particle forming dusty plasma environment.


Mathcad 8 is the latest update to an extremely useful mathematics tool popular with scientists, engineers, and students. Mathcad can be best described as a free-form worksheet that can perform numerical calculations as well as many symbolic math procedures. Its interface window will support three types of regions: text, math, and plot. Each can be placed anywhere you wish on your screen or printout.


Disease transmission from the lower animals to man is being recognized by the medical profession as of increasing importance in the control of many infectious maladies. One of these problems is swine erysipelas (erysipeloid in man) usually acquired by contact with diseased animals or their infected products. The publications of Ehrlich, 1 Klauder, 2 Van Es 3 and others illustrate the hazard in dealing with infected animals on the farm or in the public abattoir, the laboratory, the fish market or the button factory. During recent years the Denver Branch Pathological Laboratory of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry has diagnosed upward of 1,000 positive cases of erysipelas in swine, including a few arthritic lambs and diseased turkeys. 4 The diagnosis of these animals was made by serologic tests and the isolation of the swine erysipelas organism in most instances. The research on animals was made jointly by C.


Message interprocess communication has appeal for structuring operating systems but has the reputation of being slow. Register architectures have advantages for fast sequential execution but are considered to increase context-switching costs. This note describes an experiment in which registers are used for transmitting messages in the V kernel, resulting in a factor of 3 improvement in elapsed time for local message transactions and a factor of 6 reduction in kernel time for the associated kernel operations.


The reasons of compound fertilizer caking and anticaking treatments are discussed,including further cooling compound fertilizer after sieving to lower its packing temperature with fluidization bed,raising the outlet temperature of spraying slurrygranulationdrier to decrease the moisture of final product,setting up 3step sieves for 3 specifications of final product with 1.5~2.5 mm,2.5~3.5 mm and 3.5~4.5 mm to improve the uniform size of product particles,installing the coating machinery for anticaking treatment of compound fertilizer,and uprising the grade of phosphate rock,which bring an effective result for anticaking treatments of Sbased NPK.


Sampling from living animals has a number of advantages over using samples from only deceased animals when genetic studies are conducted. Once genetic markers with the appropriate level of variability are developed, they can be used to generate DNA genotypes to distinguish individuals, and comparisons of genotypes can permit the elucidation of familial relationships (siblings, parents, and offspring). Better understanding of social relationships can be garnered from this knowledge when combined with information from photo-identification records. In addition, multilocus genotypes of individuals can serve as a type of "tag" for use in mark-recapture, movement, and population size estimation studies with samples from live animals (Wilson and Rannala 2003, Bellemain et al. 2005, Peakall et al. 2006). Most of the genetic samples that exist for the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris, have been obtained from tissues and bone of deceased animals acquired from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's (FWC) Marine Mammal Pathobiology Laboratory, or from captured animals using dermatome ("cookie") biopsy punches or, occasionally, blood samples (McClenaghan and O'Shea 1988; Bradley et al. 1993; Garcia-Rodriguez et al. 1998, 2000; Cantanhede et al. 2005;


Rural-urban linkages can be defined as the structural social, economic, cultural, and political relationships maintained between individuals and groups in the urban environment and those in rural areas1. Rural-urban linkages can also refer to spatial and sectoral flows that occur between rural and urban areas. Spatial flows include flows of people, goods, money, technology, knowledge, information, and waste. By contrast, sectoral flows include flows of agricultural products going to urban areas, and goods from urban manufacturing areas going to more rural areas2. Typically, rural-urban linkages are often articulated in the nature and forms of migration, production, consumption, financial and some investment linkages that occur within the rural-urban symbiosis. The exchange of money, goods, visits including social activities, and communication with relatives and friends can all be used as indicators of rural-urban linkages3. Therefore, the nature and form of these linkages are not homogenous as they are


Based on the analysis of the status of the core-pulling mechanism with a slide in movement and under stress,the design of a non-pneumatic core-pulling mechanism by using the demoulding force to pull the core is introduced.The plastic-sucking mould with this design is impact in structure and reliable in pulling the core,and has high production efficiency.


The European Photon Imaging Cameras (EPIC) is an experiment based on cooled CCDs on board the ESA X-ray Multi Mirrors (XMM) satellite due to be launched in 1999. Since the CCDs are sensitive to radiation other than X-rays, namely optical and UV light, filters are necessary to prevent this radiation from reaching the detector sensitive area. Three types of filters were developed, to be used alternatively depending on the target source. Here we report on the medium and thin filters developed by MOXTEK Inc. in Orem, Utah. The two filters, here described, have a 1600 /spl Aring/ polyimide substrate coated with 400 A and 800 /spl Aring/ aluminium for the thin and medium filter, respectively. After manufacturing, the filters have been submitted to an intensive qualification and calibration programme at MOXTEK. Further calibrations, transmission measurements and performance stability, have been carried on or are in progress at one of the EPIC Institutes (Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo).


We consider a family of continuous processes $\{X^\varepsilon\}_{\varepsilon>0}$ which are measurable with respect to a white noise measure, take values in the space of continuous functions $C([0,1]^d:\mathbb{R})$, and have the Wiener chaos expansion
\[
X^\varepsilon = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \varepsilon^n I_n \big(f_n^{\varepsilon} \big).
\] We provide sufficient conditions for the large deviations principle of $\{X^\varepsilon\}_{\varepsilon>0}$ to hold in $C([0,1]^d:\mathbb{R})$, thereby refreshing a problem left open by P\'erez-Abreu (1993) in the Brownian motion case. The proof is based on the weak convergence approach to large deviations: it involves demonstrating the convergence in distribution of certain perturbations of the original process, and is thus well-suited to deal with infinite-dimensional processes. The main difficulties lie in analysing and controlling the perturbed multiple stochastic integrals. Moreover, adopting this representation offers a new perspective on pathwise large deviations and induces a variety of applications thereof.


In this article, a distribution system is studied where the sum of transportation and inventory costs is to be minimized. The inventory holding cost is assumed to be the same for all retailers. A fixed partition (FP) periodic policy is proposed with tight asymptotic worst‐case performance of 3/2 with respect to the best possible policy. This bound cannot be improved in the class of FP periodic policies. In partition‐based PB policies, the retailers are first partitioned into sets and then the sets are grouped in such a way that sets of retailers within a group are served together at selected times. A PB periodic, policy is presented with tight worst‐case asymptotic performance of 11−46≈1.202 with respect to the best possible policy. This latter performance improves the worst‐case asymptotic performance of 2 of the previously best known policy for this problem. We also show that the proposed PB periodic policy has the best worst‐case asymptotic performance within the class of PB policies. Finally, practical heuristics inspired by the analyzed policies are designed and tested. The asymptotic worst–case performances of the heuristics are shown to be the same of those of the analyzed policies. Computational results show that the heuristics suggested are less than 6.4% on average from a lower bound on the optimal cost when 50 or more retailers are involved. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 00: 000–000, 2013


Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Viral etiology is most common in young children and decreases with age. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the single most common bacterial cause across all age groups. Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis are less commonly identified as causative organisms. Atypical organisms present similarly across all age groups and may be more common than previously recognized. The use of new diagnostic methods such as immunological techniques and polymerase chain reaction has proven invaluable for specific diagnosis and epidemiological investigation, showing adequate sensitivity, specificity and promptness of results, with the aim of guiding therapy properly. Therefore, it is not possible to differentiate between viral and bacterial pneumonia by chest radiography or inflammatory markers, so the clinician has to treat this group of children empirically with antibiotics.


Serial membranes that operate through a common compartment, the cytosol for transport at the plasma membrane and tonoplast, are intrinsically connected and communicate through this pool of solutes.


For the first time in Russian historiography, a Russian-language translation from Turkish (literary version of Ottoman) of a manuscript of an article by the Samara imam Mukhammet-Fatykh Murtazin (18751938), sent to the religious and educational journal Asri Musulmanliq (Modern Islam, published in Simferopol in 19241927) editorial board of the People's Administration of Religious Affairs of Muslims of Crimea (NURDMK). The article entitled Islam and Civilization was planned for placement in № 13 for 1926, its translation was carried out by an employee of the Eastern Department of the OGPU in Crimea and sent for approval of the text to the Eastern Department of the OGPU in Moscow. Murtazin's manuscript contains a number of reformist ideas, loyal to the current political moment. He tried to adapt the Islamic tradition to new reality. The article was not allowed for publication due to the desire of its author to present the priority of Islamic civilization over the European and American worlds, which, obviously, did not correspond to the ideological attitudes of the workers of the Soviet special services. The authors also draw attention to the course and nature of intense theological discussion and the development of renovationist thought in the Muslim world of the Soviet Union in the 1920-ies, a discussion that took place under censorship and the emerging ideological pressure.


Alterations in maternal physiology and pathological changes in kyphoscoliosis results in anaesthetic complications for caesarean section with
potential risk for both mother and fetus. Safe and skilled anaesthetic management to minimize risk to mother and fetus is required. We report a case
of 25-year-old female, with G2P1L1, with 28 weeks of period of gestation, with history of previous caesarean section, with pre-eclampsia, with
kyphoscoliosis in labour with contracted pelvis, managed by general anaesthesia for caesarean section.


: Rio de Janeiro is the state with the highest number of homicides due to police brutality (largely Black people). Faced with this situation and seeking justice, the victims' mothers engage in social movements such as the Rede de Comunidades e Movimentos contra a Violência. This paper focuses on what I will refer to as the narratives of engagement of these family members, especially mothers. It aims to understand how important narratives are for these women in the process of transforming grief into political action. The methodology encompasses a qualitative-interpretative research approach with participant observation. The data was generated in the protests organized by the Rede . The analysis was guided by the notion of narrative as a discursive and interactional practice which organizes human experience. Such practice also serves as a tool for social movements to make demands of the state. The analysis suggests the existence of a pattern that organizes the narratives of engagement; it further identifies two discursive mechanisms that interact with each other: i) the rationalization of events leading to the death of their children by using coherence systems; ii) a spiral movement that relates microsocial and macrosocial events in the narrative. The article concludes by highlighting narratives of engagement as a tool for this social movement to raise its demands in the public sphere, as well as a way of resisting structural racism.


Agritourism has been widely discussed in the literature. As the range of options for its interpretation increased, studies have come to focus their objectives on its systematization, evaluated with respect to the nature of the interactions between tourists and agriculture, the level of contact with agricultural activities, and the authenticity of the experience. Adding to this complexity is the association of agritourism with experiences related to the agri-food sector, as well as the typologies of accommodation. This research contributes to an improved understanding of agritourism based on evidence from a cross-border region between Portugal and Spain. We identify the links between agriculture and tourism by identifying different categories of agritourism activities via the application of geostatistical analysis. The main results highlight that landscapes, agricultural activities, and agri-food products have a positive influence in creating tourism products and services. Despite this result, passive agritourism activities prevail, such as tasting experiences, contact with endogenous products, enjoyment of the agricultural landscape, or on-farm entertainment. This reality highlights a gap related to authentic agritourism, pointing to the absence of or weak links to agricultural activities and weaknesses in the local "farm-to-table" channel. The grouping analysis results led to the creation of six homogeneous groups, three of which correspond to lodging establishments capable of creating agritourism. However, these groups represent only 39% of the supply. Given this reality, it is of utmost importance to implement policies that encourage tour operators to create agritourism products.


The barrier properties of self-forming barrier are sensitive to the thickness, annealing temperature, annealing time, and impurity concentration of itself. In this paper, the properties of Cu/CuMn/ SiO2 bilayer structures were investigated, and an optimized thickness of Cu and CuMn alloy used as barrier layers in these bilayer structures was also determined. The bilayer structure could reduce the resistance of barrier and improve the surface morphology in electroplating process because Mn is easier to be corroded and oxidized than Cu in sulfuric acid. The electrical and material properties of Cu/CuMn/ SiO2 were studied. A diffusion barrier layer self-formed at the interface during annealing, and the growth behavior followed a logarithmic rate law. The microstructures of the metal films were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and then correlated with the electrical properties of the CuMn films. After annealing, the thermal stability of Cu/ CuMn films was better than single Cu film and CuMn film. When Cu layer was capped, the Mn atoms diffused easily to the interface due to high chemical potential of the Cu layer. Thus, Mn atoms tend to move to SiO2, and the amount of surplus Mn atoms in Cu will reduce after heat treatment.


Reports generated by soldiers are common in time-critical military environments. Data fusion systems that attempt to process those reports must maintain the context for each set of observations to avoid inaccurate state estimates. This paper analyzes the selection and assignment of topical context under a Bayesian methodology. We present several techniques to decrease the hypothesis space and heuristics that apply specifically to military reporting environments. Using a data set consisting of semi-structured reports, we show that this approach allows accurate assignment of topical context even when the context is only implied rather than given explicitly.


These languages provide a case sought in vain by Ladd (1996 and p.c.), where (some of) the functions of English intonational focus are performed by explicit and ordinary morphological marking. Ladd sought such a case as a point of reference for arguing against what he termed the "radical [Focus to Accent] view," in which "accents are directly signals of focus or discourse salience ... part of some universal (and possibly prelinguistic) highlighting function." There are many well-documented cases of di c urse configurational languages, "the language type in which primary sentence articulation is motivated by discourse-semantic, rather than theta role or case, considerations" (Kiss 1995). However, previously documented cases of such languages move focused constituents to particular syntactic positions, rather than simply marking focused constituents in situ. Focus-marked constituents in Manding remain where they would otherwise have been, within the quite rigid Manding word order. The Manding focus particle is also (like English intonational focus) not restricted by syntactic islands, as the Mawukakan examples in 3 show:


People carrying goods at the harbour. Photograph taken on 28 August 1934 by Godfrey Wilson, as a lone anthropologist during his first five months of fieldwork (August-December 1934)


ATS has many advantages such as simple structure,easy layout,saving energy,protecting environment,increasing the engine's lifetime etc.ATS is used in bus engine's cooling system more and more recent years.At present,ATS has the disadvantages:expensive price and limit use on large power engines.This is a practical use for ATS in cooling system of CA6120URN2 city bus.


org/what-is-corruption>. Accessed 2 May 2018. 3. Kohler, J.C., Mackey, T.K. & Ovtcharenko, N. Why the MDGs need good governance in pharmaceutical systems to promote global health. BMC Public Health 14, 1–8 (2014). 4. UNAIDs. Ending AIDS: progress towards the 90-90-90 targets. <http:// www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2017/20170720_Global_AIDS_ update_2017> (2017). Accessed 16 July 2018. 5. OECD. Consequences of corruption at the system level and implications for economic growth and development. <http://www.oecd.org/publications/ consequences-of-corruption> (2010). Accessed May 2018. 6. Kelesidis, T. & Matthew, E. Falagas substandard/counterfeit antimicrobial drugs. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 28, 443–464 (2015). 7. Mackey, T.K. & Nayyar, G. A review of existing and emerging digital technologies to combat the global trade in fake medicines. Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 16, 587–602 (2017). 8. Aidspan. Independent observer of the Global Fund. <http://www.aidspan.org/ gfo_article/oig-audit-two-global-fundgrants-guinea-finds-significant-weaknesses-supply-chain> (2018). Accessed May 2018. 9. Levi, J., Pozniak, A., Heath, K. & Hill, A. The impact of HIV prevalence, conflict, corruption, and GDP/capita on treatment cascades: data from 137 countries. J. Virus Eradicat. 4, 80–90 (2018). 10. Mackey, T.K., Kohler, J., Lewis, M. & Vian, T. Combating corruption in global health. Sci. Trans. Med. 9, 1–3 (2017).


Objective: The study aimed to investigate whether children use specific types of graphic cues (facial, postural, contextual) in their drawings of healthy and ill persons and whether these cues differ as a function of age. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: A public primary school in a medium-sized city in Greece. Method: A total of 200 children in the age group of 5, 7, 9 and 11 years were first asked to define the terms under investigation, and then to draw a healthy and an ill person, as well as a baseline drawing (of a person neither healthy nor ill). Human figure drawings of health and illness were compared with their baseline drawing in an attempt to detect possible alterations in the (1) face, (2) body and (3) overall context of the drawing. Results: From the age of 5 years onwards, children were able to use a combination of graphic cues to convey health and illness in their drawings. Moreover, children in all age groups more often (1) employed facial cues to depict illness and health, (2) used more postural and contextual cues to depict illness than health, (3) introduced a variety of contextual cues in their drawings (e.g. linguistic, nutritional, environmental, physical and medical) and (4) used more types of graphic cues as well as more categories of contextual cues to depict illness than health. Finally, it was found that the drawings of the 5-year-old children involved significantly fewer graphic cues than those of the 7- and 11-year-olds, and significantly less contextual cues than the drawings produced by the 9- and 11-year-olds. Conclusion: Study findings shed light on the way children perceive and represent graphically illness and health and these are discussed in relation to their implications for health education.


Randomization is a generally accepted principle of sound experimental design and common practice among working scientists. But Bayesian statisticians reject it, most often because of decision theoretic argument against randomization. I trace it back to Abraham Wald's Theory of Inductive Behavior and argue that Bayesians should concur with Ronald Fisher's criticism of Wald's analysis of randomization. The paper ends with a Bayesian argument in favor of randomization: randomization can lead to an increase in expected utility.


While government agencies, NGOs, and even commercial entities immediately swing into action to help out, in the case of large disasters, one of the biggest resources-citizens themselves-are underutilized. The rise of social media creates an opportunity for the citizen participation for disaster response management. By harnessing the power of citizen crowdsourcing, the government can have enhanced disaster situation awareness and utilize resources provided by citizen volunteers, resulting in more effective disaster responses. In this paper, the prototype Public Engagement in Emergency Response PEER framework is presented. It provides a comprehensive online and mobile crowdsourcing platform for situation reporting and resource volunteering. Events are described that transpired in the aftermath of superstorm Sandy, which demonstrate the benefits of using the PEER framework in a major disaster situation. Also described is how it can alleviate some of the issues associated with the crowdsourcing responses such as fraud.


Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain and syncope. As there is no known cure for PAH, the goal of treatment is to control symptoms and slow disease progression. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, has been indicated to improve exercise capacity in PAH in both the United States and the European Union since 2005; since 2009, it also has been indicated in the United States to delay clinical worsening. Patterns of sildenafil use in PAH patients have not been reported. Objectives: To describe patterns of treatment with sildenafil among commercially insured patients in the United States with PAH. Methods: Using a large U.S. healthcare claims database, we identified all patients with evidence of PAH (International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] diagnosis codes 416.0, 416.8) and receipt of sildenafil between January 1, 2005 and September 30, 2008. The date of each patient's earliest pharmacy claim for sildenafil was designated as his or her "index date"; patients with <6 months of data prior to this date were excluded. Post-index use of sildenafil was then examined in terms of the numbers of pharmacy claims and therapy-days, the medication possession ratio (MPR), and the incidence of therapy switching. Results: We identified a total of 855 PAH patients who began sildenafil therapy and met all other entry criteria. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) follow-up was 423.4 (313.0) days. Over this period, these patients averaged 7.1 (6.8) (median, 5) pharmacy dispensings for sildenafil, representing 273.4 (254.8) therapy-days (median, 180). Mean MPR was 71% (median, 83%). Fourteen percent of sildenafil patients switched to another agent during follow-up. Conclusions: In "real-world" clinical practice, many PAH patients beginning treatment with sildenafil remain on therapy for extended periods and are relatively compliant with treatment.


The mechanism of chemical erosion of CaO in the chrome-magnesite brick as experimentally determined gives the following facts:The lime in the brick accounts for the erosion of the brick which is more rapid than in the case of the erosion by the lime from cement materials. But in either case, the low melting materials produced by the action of lime after erosion consist of two newly formed substances, namely montlcellite and glass.The quantity of glass produced is directly proportional to the quantity of lime content.The quality of the brick depends on the quantity of lime, as determined by following testing results. The bursting test and compression test prove that the brick containing lime is better, but the load test and expansion test prove it to by worse.


Portable wheelchair lift device includes a lifting carriage (162), a support base, the lifting carriage selectively raising or lowering is coupled to, a floor (170) of the lifting carriage can be lowered filled up the ground surface and a lifting mechanism (50, 52). Scissor struts (179), when the lifting carriage is raised, selectively locks the front door of the lift truck a (164) to the support base (180). The lifting carriage floor (170) is contracted folding can reduce the width, it is possible to transport through the narrow place. Transport casters (182) can be capable attached removably to the bottom of the lifting carriage (162) to facilitate transport. Lifting apparatus, as lifted a lifting carriage reproducibly the height of the stage (174) comprises a height adjustment control unit (184) in the lifting carriage.


Most recently, the authors (Gim and Kim, 2009) showed the following research outcomes concerned with the Input-Output (IO) model and table pioneeringly developed by W. Leontief in the early 1930s: (1) the general relation and the complemented general relation between two different input requirements for final demand and total output, (2) the entire decomposition by factors in output and input requirements matrices, and (3) the consecutive connection and overestimation problems in the inter-industry model. Moreover, we found out that there is no consecutive connection between the Leontief inverse matrix C f and the total output x and that there are some limits to computing the impact effects of the initial change in output. Finally, we developed a new??Output-Output(OO) model??and compiled a new??Output-Output table??to solve the problems and limits in the IO model together through the output requirements matrix for output C?. On the basis of the latest research findings, the specific objectives of this paper can be summarized as follows. (1) We closely examine into the characters and characteristics of the OO model used as an alternative to the IO model. (2) We test the consecutive connection problem, in the interpretation of inter-sectoral interdependence, in the OO model between the output requirements matrix C?, the total output x, and the final demand f. (3) We derive the varied economic interpretations and implications from the inverse matrix C?. Therefore, we truly understand that the IO and OO models are not completely separate or independent even though they differ essentially on the impact (the initial change on final demand vs. total output).


The present invention relates to an egg powder, starch, sugar, vegetable oils, sorbitol, phosphate, xanthan gum, salt, monosodium glutamate, soy sauce powder, 5- flavor nucleotides, mainly vitamin E and baking powder egg products and raw materials and preparation method using a microwave drying process of the microwave processing, egg powder, starch powder material uniformly mixing the vegetable oil + water + liquid feedstock mixed --- --- --- mixed into the dough wet granulation / or --- extrusion production line microwave heating hot air drying --- ---- --- granulated secondary packaging process, a continuous production line using a microwave heating process, facilitate the production, high efficiency, and environmental health, made of product after microwave treatment, uniform pores are formed outwardly from the passage, the rapid swelling after addition of hot water or soup, soup or float on water, exhibit good eggs scrambled eggs inherent color, flavor to improve the aesthetics of the main food and nutrition for convenience food ingredients.


Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group (1993): Risk factors for branch retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 116: 286–296. Ho JD, Tsai CY, Liuo SW et al. (2008): Seasonal variations in the occurrence of retinal vein occlusions: a five year nationwide population-based study from Taiwan. Am J Ophthalmol 145: 722–728. Ho JD, Liou SW & Lin HC (2009): Retinal vein occlusion and the risk of stroke development: a five-year follow-up study. Am J Ophthalmol 147: 283–290. Mitchell P, Smith W & Chang A (1996): Prevalence and associations of retinal vein occlusion in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol 114: 1243– 1247. The Central Vein Occlusion Study Group (1997): Natural history and clinical management of central retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol 115: 486–491.


Since wind power is directly influenced by wind speed, long-term wind speed forecasting (WSF) plays an important role for wind farm installation. WSF is essential for controlling, energy management and scheduled wind power generation in wind farm. The proposed investigation in this paper provides 30-days-ahead WSF. Nonlinear Autoregressive (NAR) and Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous (NARX) Neural Network (NN) with different network settings have been used to facilitate the wind power generation. The essence of this study is that it compares the effect of activation functions (namely, tansig and logsig) in the performance of time series forecasting since activation function is the core element of any artificial neural network model. A set of wind speed data was collected from different meteorological stations in Malaysia, situated in Kuala Lumpur, Kuantan, and Melaka. The proposed activation functions tansig of NARNN and NARXNN resulted in promising outcomes in terms of very small error between actual and predicted wind speed as well as the comparison for the logsig transfer function results.


Objective
To study the pharmacokinetic status of Cyclophosphamide (CYC) in children with lupus nephritis (LN), as well as the relationship between the pharmacokinetic results and clinical indicators, adverse reactions, curative effect evaluation.

Methods
Thirty patients hospitalized at Tianjin Children′s Hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 were treated with glucocorticoid (GC) combined with CYC.Blood samples were collected in 6 point-in-time after intravenous CYC, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to detect the blood drug concentration, and the pharmacokinetic results were calculated. All patients were followed up for 24 weeks, and the levels of serum albumin (ALB), 24 hours urinary protein, serum creatinine (Scr), complement 3 (C3), therapeutic effect and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index scores were evaluated at the same time.

Results
Pharmacokinetic curve showed the second chamber model, the area under the curve (AUC) of time-effect relationship was (143.55±42.43) g/(L·h), peak concentration (Cmax) was (20.02±3.55) g/L, and half-time period (T1/2) was(4.21±0.96) h. Age and gender had no influence on AUC, Cmax and T1/2,and statistically significant correlation was found between serum ALB and T1/2,which was positively correlated (r=0.517, P<0.05). After 16 weeks of treatment, 7 patients were partially responsive, 22 cases had a complete remission, and the invalid case was only one. Followed up for 24 weeks, 6 patients were partially responsive, 24 cases had a complete remission.After 16 weeks of treatment, there were statistical differences in AUC among patients with complete response, partial response or no remission.And after 24 weeks, the patients between complete remission and partial remission had no statistically significant difference in the AUC.After 16 weeks and 24 weeks, T1/2 and Cmax had no statistical diffe-rences among those groups of patients.Adverse reactions included leukopenia (3 cases, 10.00%), gastrointestinal symptoms (4 cases, 13.33%) and respiratory tract infection (6 cases, 20.00%). There was no statistical relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and the occurrence of adverse reactions.Single factor analysis showed that there was a statistical significance between ALB, urine protein quantity and treatment effect, but multi-factor analysis showed that the relation between factors and therapeutic effect had no statistical significance.

Conclusions
HPLC method can be used for the detection of cyclophosphamide blood drug concentration. The cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetic status of children and adult is similar.ALB and T1/2 show a linear positive correlation.Single factor analysis shows a correlation between ALB and treatment effect. Therefore, the increasing level of plasma propagated before treatment can improve therapeutic effect possibly.Cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetic status has nothing to do with the occurrence of adverse drug reactions in the study.

Key words:
Lupus nephritis; Cyclophosphamide; Pharmacokinetics; Treatment; Child


Recently, several studies have suggested the relationship between periodontitis and prostatic disease. However, epidemiological studies on the association between periodontitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are scarce. Hence, we aimed to identify the association between the two diseases using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Among the 173,209 participants, 3297 men with periodontitis and 35,292 controls (without periodontitis) were selected. The history of BPH in participants with periodontitis and the controls were also investigated. Two-tailed analyses, independent t-tests, and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for BPH was 1.50 (95% confidence interval, 1.35–1.68; p < 0.001) after adjusting for past medical histories. The adjusted OR for BPH was 1.57 (95% confidence interval, 1.41–1.76; p < 0.001) after adjusting for anthropometric and laboratory data. Collectively, this study provides evidence that periodontitis is associated with BPH. This finding supports the use of regular dental checkups and periodontal treatments to reduce the prevalence and progression of BPH.


The paper considers theoretical and practical aspects of loneliness; its nature as a psychic phenomenon shown. It also presents typology of loneliness, which helps to regard the phenomenon as a problem and a source of personality growth. The author also defines the strategy of psychological and pedagogical help for personality growth and describes a practice-oriented model of work with high-school students, which allows to create conditions of realization of positive potential of loneliness.


In this paper, inkjet printing technique is demonstrated to stacking of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanosheets for flexible all-solid-state microsupercapacitors. The ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate/graphene oxide ((NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O/GO) aqueous inks are facilely printed on polymide (PI) film and transformed to RGO/MoO3 hybrids via thermal treatments at air atmosphere. The compound inks are water-based, inkjet-printable and nontoxic for inkjet printing to form two-dimensioinal crystal materials. The physical properties of aqueous inks are optimized within a printable range charactered by Ohnesorge number of 1 < Z < 14. The inkjet printed symmetric micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-H2SO4 gel electrolyte possess a wide voltage window of 0-0.8 V, excellent flexibility, high volumetric specific capacitance of 22.5 F cm-3 at 0.044 A cm-3, as well as good cyclic stability due to the synergistic effect of RGO and MoO3. Furthermore, the inkjet printed composite MSCs delivered a maximum energy density of 2 mWh cm-3 and a power density of 0.018 W cm-3, and the capacity retention rate of inkjet printed MSCs is still retained 82% even after 10000 charge-discharge cycles, indicating good electrochemical properties. Above all, the as-designed inkjet printing technique shows a potential for flexible and wearable energy-storage electronics.


Among "transnational" phenomena, diasporas play an increasingly prominent role. The Armenian diaspora is a classical one—it is of long standing, constitutes a large part of the Armenian nation, and is widely dispersed. This article tries partially to account for its continuing existence in terms of intellectual networks. It focuses on three issues which have been tinder debate throughout the diaspora, since the Armenian genocide in 1915 to present‐day independent Armenia and beyond.


Abstract. The research aims to preserve and support the historical memory of Perugia's Fontivegge district through an analysis and valorisation of the existing cultural heritage. The selected case study is represented by the original design of the station, ideated by architect Antonio Cipolla. In order to enhance this project, which was never realised, it was decided to exploit the three-dimensional reconstruction of the building, which had already been elaborated previously, to create a virtual reality experience, through users can visualize, explore and walk inside the build. The purpose is to consolidate the relationship between the historical memory of the city and its users, allowing them a new interaction with the space and bringing them to a deeper level of knowledge and understanding of the place they live. To increase the user base of this virtual experience, it was decided to create an application for mobile devices. The Unreal Engine software was selected for development, given the ease of exporting projects for the main mobile platforms (Android, iOS) and the specific functions for reading GPS data. In fact, the application only allows the exploration of the virtual scenario to real users of the place, so they physically visit it and thus can understand the differences and similarities between the real scenario and the virtual historical reconstruction. Once the geolocation is verified, the app provides the 3D model for a panoramic view of the build under examination and, subsequently, an immersive experience in which it is possible to freely navigate within the virtual reconstruction.


The stable b-matching problem, which was recently introduced by Cechlárová and Fleiner, is a common generalization of the stable roommate problem and college admissions problem. Cechlárová and Fleiner gave a quadratic time algorithm for this problem based on some idea appearing Irving's algorithm for the stable roommate problem. In this paper, we give a linear time algorithm for the stable b-matching problem via appropriate modification of the algorithm of Cechlárová and Fleiner. Computational experiments show that our algorithm is very efficient in practice as well.


Based on multivariate distribution F-deviation representative point of number theory, an improved Deterministic Particle Filter (DPF) algorithm is presented in this paper, in which unequal weight is used for particle generation, important particle sampling and particle re-sampling. To meet the actual needs, a nonlinear transfer alignment model for Airborne Inertial Navigation System with large misalignment angle is constructed, which is based on multiplicative quaternion theory. By utilizing the DPF algorithm, a simulation for nonlinear transfer alignment model is performed. The accuracy and effectiveness of multiplicative quaternion theory based nonlinear transfer alignment model as well as high filtering precision of DPF are verified by simulation results. The proposed approach can be potentially used for the transfer alignment system design of Airborne Inertial Navigation System.


All existing observational data relating to the transmission properties of Saturn's rings are discussed. From such data the optical thickness of the crape ring is determined as a function of its distance from the planet. Limiting values for ring B and a new value for the inner radius of ring B are established. The shape of the pressure curve of a gas cloud evidently associated with ring C can be computed from its optical thickness. m. a. i m u n n miiiH emu.


Several papers have been written discussing high impedance fault detection (ANSI device HIZ) on overhead distribution circuits. Methods have been put forward that use relatively exotic proprietary algorithms involving relatively high sampling rates. These methods depend on the flow of at least some small arcing current in the affected phase. In most cases, the sensitivity settings of conventional ground fault protection elements such as zero sequence magnitude responsive ANSI device 50N and 51N as negative sequence magnitude responsive elements such as ANSI device 46 are limited by worst-case natural unbalance loads under heavy load conditions. These constraints make conventional zero sequence and negative sequence overcurrent elements nearly useless in detecting open phase conductors. The 46PD (pole discordance) element operates on the ratio of negative sequence to positive sequence current and therefore represents a negative sequence magnitude percentage. As a ratio, the 46PD element removes one of the limiting factors in setting the 50N/51N and 46 elements, namely the worst-case unbalance current magnitude, thereby improving detection when loads are at less-than-peak conditions.


Objective:To explore the role of autonomic nerve function on chronotropic incompetence(CI)in patients with coronary atherosclerotic herat diseas(CHD).Method:Ninty-one patients were diagnosised coronary atherosclerotic herat disease by coronary angiography.In a month before coronary angiography,24 hours dynamic electrocardiogram had been accomplished for every patient and time domain indexes of heart rate variability(HRV)had been measured.Meanwhile,symptom-limited exercise treadmill tests had been executed,the chronotropic response had been measured and expressed as ratio of heart rate reserve(HRR)and the percent maximal age-predicted heart rate achieved(rHR).All patients were divided to two groups:the normal chronotropic response group(with rHR≥85% or HRR≥72%)and the chronotropic incompetence group(with rHR85% or HRR72%),and test was used to compare HRV difference between two groups.The pearson correlation analysis was used to analysis the correlation between HRV and CI.Result:In chronotropic incompetence patients,all heart rate variability indexes were lower than that in the patients with normal chronotropic response(P0.01).There were significantly positive correlation between heart rate variability indexes SDNN,SDANN,SDNNindex、 rMSSD、PNN50 and rHR(r=0.548,0.453,0.325,0.340,0.211,respectively.all P0.01),HRR(r=0.580,0.477,0.363,0.338,0.190,respectively.all P0.01).Conclusion:There were very intimate correlation between chronotropic incompetence and cardiac dysautonomia in CHD patients,and possible mechanisms would be that vagal activity could not been inhibited sufficiently and sympathetic activity could not been augmentated equately in exercise tests.


Supply chain at PT Tribakti Sarimas there are problems in the flow of materials. This research aims to identified supply chain and determine the priority of supply chain strategies at PT Tribakti Sarimas. This study has been conducted at PT Tribakti Sarimas Kuantan Singingi District Riau Province. The research methods used were qualitative descriptive. The respondents for this study are 30 farmers, 5 collectors, and 4 employees of PT Tribakti Sarimas. This research has shown that the supply chain of rubber at PT Tribakti Sarimas in Kuantan Singingi include farmers, collectors, PT Tribakti Sarimas amd consumers. The internal factor evaluation matrix has total score of 2.6919, while the external factor evaluation matrix has total score of 2.3707. The supply chain management strategy result at PT Tribakti Sarimas with AHP method shows that the chosen quantity weight is 0.279 and the chosen main alternative is the company maximizes the use of facilities and infrastructure to improve the quality of CPO with the weight is 0.165. Companies must pay attention to the quality of CPO by utilizing company facilities and infrastructure.


An application server (113) receives, from a client mobile terminal (101), a request to initiate a first client application session, as well as first client specific data, where said data comprises a first mobile terminal identifier, e.g. a mobile station integrated wervices digital network number and a hash code. An association is made in the server (113) of a first client session identifier with the first mobile terminal identifier. The first client session identifier is then stored in a session management database (115). Maintenance of communication between the client terminal (101) and the application session is then enabled, including receiving a communication request and verifying that the communication request originate from the first client terminal (101).


This essay applies a case study approach to theorise a research agenda for critical explorations of emotions and mobilities centred on three core concepts and key phenomena: affective habitus, spatio-temporal modalities and historical geographies. The analysis offers novel perspectives on the interplay between the affectivity of geographies of social difference and the multiscalar dynamics shaping social relations through mobility. This is demonstrated in how emotions linked to agency provide a generative lens to explore how social relationships and political subjectivities intersect to inform mobile identities/lifeworlds. The case studies offer critical insights of how migrants/refugees/indigenous people in navigating challenging structural conditions can reflect conceptualisations of the mutually constitutive contexts of emotionality and intersectional inequity with indigeneity and (im)mobility. A temporal-historical lens reveals how emotional mobilities are shaped by structural/social dynamics including, but not limited to, trauma and exclusion, historical divisions, cultural identities, border and racialised regimes, intergenerationality. These exemplifications through a case study empirical lens draw from research focusing on indigenous and Palestinian peoples.


The objective of our review is to assess the evidence regarding the effectiveness of long-term antibiotic treatment regimens for chronic S. aureus (MSSA) infection in people with CF. The primary objectives are to assess this in relation to lung function, sputum clearance of S. aureus and incidence of any adverse effects. The secondary objectives are to assess this in relation to the quality of life and incidence of acute pulmonary exacerbations and assess evidence for effects on nutrition and new isolation of bacterial pathogens including P. aeruginosa.


Large Eddy Simulations (LES) were carried out to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of a rectangular cylinder with side ratio B/D=5 at Reynolds number Re=22,000 (based on cylinder thickness). Particular attention was devoted to the effects of velocity shear in the oncoming flow. Time-averaged and unsteady flow patterns around the cylinder were studied to enhance understanding of the effects of velocity shear. The simulation results showed that the Strouhal number has no significant variation with oncoming velocity shear, while the peak fluctuation frequency of the drag coefficient becomes identical to that of the lift coefficient with increase in velocity shear. The intermittently-reattached flow that features the aerodynamics of the 5:1 rectangular cylinder in non-shear flow becomes more stably reattached on the high-velocity side, and more stably separated on the low-velocity side. Both the mean and fluctuating drag coefficients increase slightly with increase in velocity shear. The mean and fluctuating lift and moment coefficients increase almost linearly with velocity shear. Lift force acts from the high-velocity side to the low-velocity side, which is similar to that of a circular cylinder but opposite to that of a square cylinder under the same oncoming shear flow.


An apparatus for measuring the relative direction of an incoming radio signal comprises at least two antennas, with a system for comparing the incoming radio signals as received at each antenna and from the result of the comparison transmitting a measurement of the relative direction. The comparison system may comprise a phase comparator, which may be a mixer producing a down-converted signal, to compare the relative phases of the radio signals. One of the signal paths to the comparator input may include an additional path length to achieve a required output from the comparator. The apparatus is designed to function as a radar target, with the measurement of the relative direction being modulated into the received radio signal for transmission back to the radar transmitter for extraction of data. An identity of the apparatus may be included in the return signal to assist in identifying the return signal amongst reflected returns.


There are situations where a system in mind needs to be tested before it is built. Using modeling and simulation users can apply realistic interactions with their synthetic environments representing real world. In this study, the synthetic environment is a hardware railroad model representing a miniature of the actual size railroad. Simulation software, used to test the railroad system, consists of two software subsystems: a virtual railroad which simulates behavior of the hardware railroad model, i.e., the physical railroad, and the controller which is used to synchronize and control both the virtual and the physical railroads. As a result, the controller represents a prophet and analyst of the physical railroad behavior. This article is logically divided into two parts. The first part gives an overview of equipment needed to test the railroad system; it describes major hardware and software components, their purpose, as well as their interconnections. The second part is focused on major design views of simulation software used to: simulate the physical railroad model, synchronize virtual and physical railroads, and supervise possible conditions that may lead to railroad hazards.


We combine the incentive schemes offered to managers in practice into a single incentive package and construct a governance index to analyze the role of governance and the incentive package in addressing the agency costs of free cash flow. Using US based data, we find empirical evidence that managers in practice do not consume perks but make a tradeoff when they allocate the cash flows of the firm between investment and dividends. In general, managers in practice underinvest and overpay dividends; an increase in their incentive package would retract both investment and dividends toward the optimal levels; hence, firm performance would improve. We also find that governance is used as a control mechanism rather than as a substitute for the incentive package. Principals employ governance to slow down investment and increase dividends when there is a high informational asymmetry between the manager and the investors, and set these variables close to the optimal levels otherwise. Moreover, we find that firms in practice do not use dividends as a substitute for governance. Furthermore, we find monotone relations between investment, firm performance and dividends on the one hand, and governance and the incentive package on the other hand.


The commercial sunscreen agent Tinosorb S (TS) is a promising oil-soluble broad spectrum UV filter. Here, we report for the first time a water-dispersible inclusion complex of TS using cucurbituril. The synthesis was carried out via a supramolecular approach in the solid state by using the high-speed vibration milling technique. The formation and the photophysical properties of the solid inclusion complex were investigated by spectroscopic techniques such as UV–vis spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared and solid-state proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as by thermal gravimetric analysis and X-ray diffractometry. An increase in the absorbance and a shift of the maximum absorption from 380 nm to 345 nm for the inclusion complex were observed in comparison to the precursor complex TS. The stochiometric ratio of cucurbituril and TS in the inclusion complex was found to be 2:1


Abstract The development trend of future voltage transformer in smart grid is non-contact measurement, miniaturization and intellectualization. This paper proposes one simulation test system of non-contact D-dot transformer for voltage measurement. This simulation test system consists of D-dot transformer, signal processing circuit and ground PC port. D-dot transformer realizes the indirect voltage measurement by measuring the change rate of electric displacement vector, a non-contact means (He et al. 2004, Principles and experiments of voltage transformer based on self-integrating D-dot probe. Proc CSEE 2014;15:2445–51). Specific to the characteristics of D-dot transformer signals, signal processing circuits with strong resistance to interference and distortion-free amplified sensor output signal are designed. WIFI wireless network is used to transmit the voltage detection to LabVIEW-based ground collection port and LabVIEW technology is adopted for signal reception, data processing and analysis and other functions. Finally, a test platform is established to simulate the performance of the whole test system of single-phase voltage transformer. Test results indicate that this voltage transformer has sound real-time performance, high accuracy and fast response speed and the simulation test system is stable and reliable and can be a new prototype of voltage transformers.


Machinery fault diagnosis is a typical pattern recognition problem,Genetic programming is able to easily construct a large-scale feature set;automatically according to the classification results of feature selection,to obtain the best quality features.And classifier design by rolling verificates the effectiveness of the algorithm.


Two new species of marine arthrotardigrades:Rhomboarctus aslaki sp. n. and Rhomboarctus duplicicaudatus sp. n. (Tardigrada: Halechiniscidae) belonging to the genus Rhomboarctus Renaud-Mornant, 1984 are described from the North Atlantic Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, respectively. New features for the formerly monotypic genus are presented and a complete description of the buccal apparatus is given for the first time.


Rationale: Satoyoshi syndrome is a rare systemic autoimmune disease that presents with painful muscle spasms. We report a case of impending central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) secondary to granulomatous pan-uveitis in a 32-year-old woman with Satoyoshi syndrome. Patient concerns: At the age of 7 years, she developed generalized hair loss and painful spasms and was diagnosed with Satoyoshi syndrome. Her current symptoms included sudden metamorphopsia and decreased visual acuity in the left eye. She visited our hospital with extensive intraretinal hemorrhage (including the macula), meandering of the retinal veins, and swelling of the optic disc. Fluorescence fundus angiography demonstrated hyper fluorescence of the optic disc and leakage from the retinal veins, suggesting CRVO associated with optic papillitis and segmental periphlebitis. Diagnoses: In the left eye, there were 2 + cells in the anterior chamber and 1 + in the anterior vitreous. Interventions: We increased the existing dose of prednisolone for the treatment of uveitis and started her on oral aspirin and kallidinogenase for CRVO. Outcomes: The impending CRVO gradually subsided, and her visual acuity improved. However, during the subsequent treatment course, angle nodules were observed in the left eye, and the intraocular pressure (IOP) gradually increased. Although the angled nodules disappeared with topical corticosteroid treatment, the IOP did not reduce and became uncontrolled. Therefore, we performed trabeculotomy first, followed by trabeculectomy, after which the IOP decreased to approximately 10 mm Hg. Lessons: Unilateral granulomatous pan-uveitis and impending CRVO were observed in this patient. Several cases of Satoyoshi syndrome complicated by various autoimmune or immunological disorders have been reported. However, to the best of our knowledge, no reports of Satoyoshi syndrome presenting with uveitis or CRVO have been published. Physicians should consider uveitis as a complication of Satoyoshi syndrome.


Abstract. 1 The Butterfly Monitoring Scheme uses regular transect counts on fixed sites to establish annual indices of abundance of butterfly species in the United Kingdom. The annual change in collated index for each species has hitherto been calculated as a simple ratio between total counts summed over all participating sites. 2 A revised method for calculation of collated indices is proposed, which applies a logarithmic transformation to site values so as to downweight the influence on the index of the sites with greatest numbers of a species. Zero counts are handled comparably with non‐zero values. An alternative method using geometric mean ratios is also examined. 3 Indices calculated using the logarithmic transformation are compared with those calculated using the traditional method. Two internal tests of dependency of collated indices on the sites with highest abundance are made. Another evaluation uses regression analysis for the effects of temperature and rainfall on collated indices of butterfly abundance. 4 The first internal test shows that logarithmic transformation reduces the dependence of the collated index on the sites of highest abundance for twenty‐five out of twenty‐seven species examined; while a second test shows a reduction for twenty‐six out of forty‐two species, and an increase for one species. The number of significant regressions on temperature variables increases with the use of the logarithmic transformation from 11% to 13% of tests made, and on rainfall from 10% to 11%. 5 The geometric mean ratio method introduces considerable biases in its treatment of zero values, for which a remedy is not available. 6 Although the revised collated indices calculated using logarithmic transformation are broadly comparable with traditionally calculated values, the reductions in dependency on sites with the most abundant populations render the revised indices less subject to perturbation due to local 'noise', and so more suitable for research on factors influencing butterfly abundance.


Purpose – This case study feature aims to focus on team performance in a global product development environment and endeavors to enable managers and leaders of global teams to benefit from the insight.Design/methodology/approach – The paper outlines a case study conducted in an organizational setting spanning a period of five years. The researchers studied a department consisting of product development team members in an emerging region and report findings in the context of existing concepts.Findings – Based on the case study, it is observed that global product development teams are similar to other teams and are governed by structure, task, leadership and team processes. The distance and culture aspect of global teams tend to have additional challenges. Some of these challenges can be mitigated by enabling a robust team design, the right team composition, common processes, alignment with structure, focused training and development, consistent performance and evaluation mechanisms, as well as implementing...


Medical acts, such as imaging, lead to the production of several medical text report that describes the relevant findings. This induces multimodality in patient data by linking image data to free-text and consequently, multimodal data have become central to drive research and improve diagnosis. However, the exploitation of patient data is challenging as the ecosystem of analysis tools is fragmented depending on the type of data (images, text, genetics), the task (processing, exploration) and domains of interest (clinical phenotype, histology). To address the challenges, we present IMPatienT (Integrated digital Multimodal PATIENt daTa), a simple, flexible and open-source web application to digitize, process and explore multimodal patient data. IMPatienT has a modular architecture to: (i) create a standard vocabulary for a domain, (ii) digitize and process free-text data, (iii) annotate images and perform image segmentation, and (iv) generate a visualization dashboard and perform diagnosis suggestions. We showcased IMPatienT on a corpus of 40 simulated muscle biopsy reports of congenital myopathy patients. As IMPatienT relies on a user-designed vocabulary, it can be adapted to any domain of research and can be used as a patient registry for exploratory data analysis (EDA). A demo instance of the application is available at https://impatient.lbgi.fr/.


The main objective of this experiment report is to relate the experiences of the Centro Paranaense de Referencia em Agroecologia - CPRA, located in Pinhais -PR on mastitis control in order to reduce the incidence of SCC. Essentially the cows are kept in VGM pastures system (Voisin grazing management), with the supplementation with silage and concentrated made of organic corn and conventional wheat bran. The herd is milked twice a day and the CMT (California Mastitis Test) is performed once a week. The cows are milked based on the result of this test (milking line), when the homeopatic remedies and "forced" minerals are handled to the ones with one or more quarters with a three crosses reaction on the CMT. Some of them are put with a nurse cow until they recover, when they return to the milking process. The pre-dipping and the pos-dipping are made of linseed and iodine or hypochlorite. With this measures the dairy cows have shown an average of 242 thousand SCC during the last twelve months.


The available bandwidth measurement is important for many Internet applications,such as server selection,overlay network routing,and traffic engineering.This paper analyzes the relationship of the probing rate and the one-way delays.Then based on this,a methodology which call PFAB(polynomial fitting for available bandwidth) in the basic idea from polynomi- al fitting is presented to measure end-to-end available bandwidth.In PFAB,the change of the one-way delay happen accord- ing to one-way delay trends to infer the relationship between the probing rate and the available bandwidth.If one-way delay is increasing,the probing rate is larger than the present available bandwidth;if one-way delay is not increasing,the probing rate is equals the present available bandwidth;otherwise,one-way delay is decreasing.This methodology can reduce the num- ber of probe bytes,the time of probing and network interference through NS-2 simulations.It also can find out extreme point with lowing measurement errors when probing rate has a big change.


Using spin trap methods, laser generated free radicals from cardiovascular tissue in high viscosity blood solution have been studied by EPR. The EPR spectra obtained are compared with spectra of free radicals produced by both cw and pulsed excimer laser irradiation. Nitroxide spin adduts produced by excimer laser irradiation show an unusual EPR hyperfine structure. In addition, the EPR spectra obtained by continuous wave (cw) laser irradiation are different from those obtained by excimer laser irradiation. The observed β-hydrogen hyperfine coupling for pulsed laser is approximately 1 Gauss smaller than those for cw laser irradiation. The present EPR results provide firm evidence that different free radical reaction intermediates are produced for each laser mode.


Water-stage recorder charts in punched tape form are used with a digital computer for automatic computation of streamflow records. The recorder chart, a 16-channel tape, is punched at the gaging station at regular time intervals. The tape is translated into suitable computer input form and processed with appropriate rating information. The computer printout contains daily mean stage and discharge as well as bi-hourly stage values. Automated records can be computed currently by months and are lower in cost than others.


"Send me a bill that stops credit card companies from taking advantage of consumers, and do it by month's end" – demanded President Barack Obama the Congress on the 9th of May, 2009. In the middle of the subprime mortgage crisis, the speech of the president of the United States has several interesting implications. First, he no longer speaks only about a mortgage bill. It is now clear that the current turmoil has broad implications to the whole consumer credit industry through various channels. The demand for unsecured consumer credit has expanded as a result of job losses and salary cuts. At the same time, the supply for credit has shrunk as banks want to mitigate losses due to previously accumulated risky assets, and this tension led to higher prices on the credit market. Second, President Obama points towards credit card providers "ripping off" U.S. households through shrouded product attributes communicated in "fine prints that hide the truth" so households would "need a magnifying glass and a reference book to read a credit card application". The president thus states that customer protection acts need to be strengthened, as households are hurt by the tricks and traps of credit cards as well as by the tighter credit rationing in the midst of the crisis. Obama's speech gives a strong retrospective motivation for the current research. It suggests that U.S. households can not follow their long term interest while exposed to unsecured lending, and this is a likely component of the depth and length of the current subprime crisis. In the economics literature, there is a long debate whether borrowing decisions can be described by neoclassical (profit maximizing) rules or whether behavioral considerations (such as timeinconsistency, self-control or mistakes) are necessary building blocks of a model that aims to explain the choices of households. Joining this debate, this thesis provides empirical evidence on the neoclassical versus behavioral drivers of unsecured household indebtedness. This thesis consists of three largely independent chapters: two about credit cards and one about unsecured personal loans. The two credit card related chapters carry out empirical analysis of the pre-crisis U.S. market, while the third analyzes a unique banking dataset from a developed European country, hence, its implications can be also relevant for the U.S. Chapter 1 demonstrates that while recent economic papers show that the rich save more and should have lower debt burden, in the case of credit cards the relationship is empirically non-monotonic: credit card borrowing (measured by proportion of debt holders or by the debt-to-income ratio) is the highest in the case of households with medium permanent income. Quantitatively, the middle-class holds credit card debt almost twice as likely as the poor, leading to a higher debtto-income ratio by half month permanent income in average. Notable empirical aspects of this chapter are the correct treatment of income imputation in the 2007 Survey of Consumer Finances and the usage of alternative definitions of permanent income (income, present and future consumption or education). Motivated by the non-monotonicity, the chapter then reviews the related literature, which is at the intersection of two broad topics: existing research on how income drives savings and previous research on credit cards. By starting with the review of neoclassical models, it is shown that the role of liquidity constraints is smaller than expected: according to a conservative estimate, relaxing credit rationing would increase the probability to be indebted by maximum 7% in the case of the poor. This difference is not satisfactory to rationalize why the middle-class borrows so much more, which finding is strengthened by several supplementary analyses as well. Intuitively, in the pre-crisis U.S. credit card market, vast majority of those who wanted to have a credit card got accepted by a bank sooner or later, even if rejected several times before. Also, it is shown that the impact of risk-based-pricing – i.e., the fact that the poor are charged with higher interest rates as a result of their higher bankruptcy risk, is existing but small. Consequently, the analysis suggests that the explanation of credit card indebtedness is primarily demand driven. Precautionary savings or non-fungible consumption prove to be important determinants of demand, but it will be shown that the life cycle model together with its neoclassical extensions is likely to explain only about half of the peaking credit card debt of middle income households. This motivates the need to incorporate behavioral models into the analysis (e.g., animal spirits, investment mistakes or social preferences) to explain the empirical fact. Providing empirical evidence about the existence of these latter theories, the paper suggests that future research needs to embrace both schools to understand credit card related decisions. Chapter 2 contributes to the emerging literature of the transactional use of credit cards. The chapter formalizes the advantages of credit cards as payment tools and investigates empirically the behavior of transactional credit card users. First, a simple neoclassical model of convenience use is presented in which households use credit card if the marginal benefit from the usage is higher than the marginal cost. In terms of the benefits, the credit card user may receive an immediate cash back and he/she may delay or even avoid the costly liquidation of his/her interest bearing investments. In terms of the costs, if the household revolves with its credit card balances, a marginal interest rate has to be paid. Afterwards, the model is extended to incorporate uncertainty and present biased preferences, and it is shown that this latter extension leads to the divergence of ex ante and ex post behavior. Using the 2004-2007 waves of the Consumer Expenditure Survey and the 2007 wave of the Survey of Consumer Finances, the second part of this chapter presents an empirical analysis that supports the previous transactional use model. To disentangle the current model's predictions from the implications of the life cycle model, only those households are analyzed that have sufficiently large financial assets (these households are called individual investors). First, it is shown that consumption in general is a main driver of credit card balances and of debt, but unexpected consumption shocks (e.g., a health expenditure shock) have an even larger impact. Second, a novel finding of the chapter is that stock owner investors hold higher credit card debt. While these findings are fully in line with the neoclassical version of the model, several other empirical examples point towards potential biases and mistakes in the transactional use decision. The fact that investors charge their credit cards in the holiday seasons less often but they revolve more frequently with their accumulated balances, is analogous with the existence of sophisticated present-biased preferences. Also, investors with more credit cards revolve more often, which indicate that they may forget the payback. Finally, previous gains on the stock market lead to more frequent credit card use, which points towards the irrational projection of high past stock returns to the future. Contributing to the literature of advertising, Chapter 3 uses a unique data set of an anonymous European bank to analyze the impact of personal loan advertising on loan demand. The data set consists of a highly accurate measure of advertising exposure (Gross Rating Points) gathered on a weekly basis through three media, namely television, internet and newspapers and a highly accurate measure of consumer demand for personal loan. In the reviewed literature, such detailed financial services advertising data is not available on these media types. Using the appropriate time series models, the chapter reports that television commercials have higher impact on loan applications than internet or newspaper advertising. Furthermore, certain customer segments, namely rich or young individuals react to TV advertising more than poorer or older individuals, respectively. Motivated by these empirical facts, the chapter develops a life cycle consumption model with three potential channels through which advertising alters borrowing. First, advertising may provide information about the existence of the brand. Second, commercials may provide information about the interest rates. Finally, advertising may act as a taste shifter. The empirical facts are in line with the latter persuasive view of advertising, and among other plausible explanations, the facts point towards the importance of internal self-control mechanisms. In sum, this thesis has found in all chapters some evidence in favor of both neoclassical and behavioral mechanisms to be important in the determination of unsecured credit demand. Consequently, both schools have to be integrated to fully explain economic business cycles, such as the subprime mortgage crisis. Also, governmental regulation and customer protection on the borrowing market is essential, just as highlighted by the worries of President Obama. Presumably, the empirical results and conceptual frameworks used in the three chapters contribute to the exciting and very timely research of household indebtedness.


After the middle of May 1981 lidar observations at Garmisch-Partenkirchen recorded a marked enhancement of the aerosol backscattering from the lower stratosphere. Until the end of July several distinct aerosol layers could be detected which thereafter merged into a broad homogeneous layer. The eruption of volcano Alaid, Kurile Islands, on 28 April is suggested as the source of this recent stratospheric aerosol increase. This aerosol disturbance is of about the same magnitude as that caused by Mount St. Helens in May 1980. Significant climatic effects are not predicted.


We study the 1→N faithful telecloning of two linear-independent states of a one-qubit system.Based on the analysis of the probabilistic cloning machine,we construct a multiparticle entangled state,and present a telecloning scheme under local operations and classical communication (LOCC).The success probability is greater than half of the optimal probability of the probabilistic cloning machine.Specifically,we show how to prepare the three-particle entangled state meeded by 1→2 telecloning under LOCC using the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state as a resource.All the operations in 1→2 telecloning are within the reach of current technology.


Computer-Aided Geometric Design modelers are now based on powerful mathematical curve and surface models, but efficient tools to handle, analyze and modify these objects are actually expected. Designing product shapes using geometric operations on free-form curves and surfaces is still a tedious task. Moreover, designers would prefer to use meaningful tools to focus on design objectives expressed in terms of functionalities and constraints related to engineering topics and technical matters. This explains why constraint modeling in CAGD is an important challenge for the forthcoming years and the paper aims at setting up some of its foundations. The corresponding global modeling approaches already proposed in CAD are first exposed. The specific existing techniques for handling constraints on curves and surfaces are then surveyed. A synthesis of these techniques and our current studies allows us to suggest a classification of the different constraints which ought to be taken into account in a constraint based modeling CAGD software. Open issues in the context of engineering design are finally emphasized.


The paper discusses the problem of phenotyping of knee osteoarthritis (OA). It is assumed that that existing differences between clinical recommendations of different years, as the inadequate efficiency of their practical application, may be associated with the clinical features of individual OA phenotypes. It is of great importance in selecting individual therapeutic approaches in these patients. The place of Hylan G-F20 inthe treatment algorithm for knee OA is considered, by taking into account different types of the disease.


The flow fields behind the Mach stem in steady-state Mach reflections are analysed theoretically and numerically. When the angle between the slipline and the reflecting plane is sufficiently small, the subsonic flow just behind the Mach stem can be described by the isentropic small-disturbance equation. Using this analytical model, a very simple algebraic expression for the shape of the Mach stem is obtained. It is found that the Mach stem is well-approximated by a circular arc with very small curvature. The prediction by the model agrees very well with numerical computations.


Senile confusion may give rise to an emergency in general practice in one of two quite different ways: a call is received, usually at night, because an old man or woman has suddenly begun to behave in a highly disturbing and sometimes dangerous fashion, on account of an acute senile confusional state; or, in the course of long-standing senile mental deterioration, a medical, psychological, or social situation has arisen suddenly, demanding immediate action. An acute senile confusional state is often, though by no means always, a complication of chronic senile confusion, which may therefore be discussed first.


In this study, we present the design and implementation of Arabic text classification in regard to university students' opinions through different algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes (NB). The aim of the study is to develop a framework to analyse Twitter "tweets" as having negative, positive or neutral sentiments in education or, in other words, to illustrate the relationship between the sentiments conveyed in Arabic tweets and the students' learning experiences at universities. Two experiments were carried out, one using negative and positive classes only and the other one with a neutral class. The results show that in Arabic, a sentiments SVM with an n-gram feature achieved higher accuracy than NB both with using negative and positive classes only and with the neutral class.


Dispersion-compensating chirped fiber gratings provide a compact low-loss means of compensating fiber dispersion. They are potential candidates for per-channel tunable dispersion compensation devices [2]. Group delay ripple (GDR) is the principle reason restraining the practical implementation of chirped fiber Bragg gratings and many papers indicate how the GDR impairs the systems performance [1, 3, 4]. S.Jamal has indicated that the period of the group delay ripple has much important influence on the systems performance [1]. But the ripple period of the chirped fiber grating was not consistent along side the grating, and Michael Sumetsky has explained the cutoff phenomenon of the high frequency in [2]. Because the period of the chirped fiber grating changed with the wavelength and the components of different frequency overlapped with each other, the time-frequency analysis was needed to descript the time-frequency distribution of the GDR of the grating. [5]


The good way,which quantity and quality are relatively better unified,is the powerful guarantee of a developing healthy sports undertaking in the new period.This paper establishes the platform,the operation mode and the relevant evaluation criterion of the evaluation system of the local sports legislation,and introduces the cost-effective analytical concept into the law field,and reconsiders the implementation effects of the laws.By doing that,it can not only promote the legislative process to be more reasonable,and also has a great significance in examining the implementation of the sports laws in China.


Various utility-interactive photovoltaic power conditioning systems have been reported so far. In general, we could say that such photovoltaic power conditioning systems have been approaching the ideal ones, that is high efficiency, high performance and the like. However the system cost including that for power converters and solar cells still prevents widespread application. This paper proposes a simple utility-interactive photovoltaic power conditioning system with a forward converter and also proposes an innovative lossless snubber circuit, which is very easy to utilize and is suited for the this converter circuit. The system operation is confirmed by simulation analysis and experiment.


The opening teaching model of qualitative and semiquantitative demonstration experiment, which can foster the students' creative ability, is introduced. The way that the model is applied in Sichuan University is also presented.


Objective. To provide updated consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS).