Objective To investigate the effects of hemeoxygenase-1(HO-1)on mitochondrial movement protein expression in primary cultured rat hippocampus neurons after oxygen glucose deprivation.Methods Primary rat hippocumpus neurons cultrured for 7 days were dividend into four groups.Experimental group cells were respectively carried out 10μmol/L Heme precondition(group C+H),OGD(group D),10 μmol/L Heme precondition + OGD(group D+H),Control cells were cultured normally(group C).Compound remained present throughout the duration of the experiment until analysis 24 h later.Neuron viability and apoptosis were weasured.The expression of HO-1,Miro1,Miro2,Milton protein and HO-1-mRNA were detected.Results The protein and mRNA expression levels of HO-1 in group C+H were higher than group C(P0.01),the protein expression levels of Miro1,Miro2 and Milton were higher than group C(P0.01).The neuron viability and apoptosis had no significant difference between group C+H and group C(P0.05).The protein and mRNA expression levels of HO-1 in group D were higher than group C(P0.01),the protein expression levels of Miro1,Miro2 and Milton were higher than group C(P0.01),the neuron viability rate was lower and neuron apoptosis rate was higher than group C(P0.01).The protein and mRNA expression levels of HO-1 in group D+H were higher than group D(P0.01),the protein expression levels of Miro1,Miro2 and Milton were higher than group D(P0.01),the neuron viability rate was higher and neuron apoptosis rate was lower than group D(P0.01).Conclusion HO-1 can inhibit the apoptosis of hippocampus neurons induced by oxygen glucose deprivation through increasing mitochondrial movement proteins expression.


The effect of temperature and pH on the growth and survival of Listeria monocytogenes in tryptic soy broth (TSB) was investigated. TSB medium was adjusted to pH 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0, inoculated with L. monocytogenes (10 6 -10 7 cfu ml -1 ), and incubated at 37°, 30, 20° or 4°C. Survival and growth of this pathogen were determined until 9 weeks of storage. Also, the evolution of pH in tryptic soy broth (TSB) was studied. This medium was subjected to the same conditions as above. The refrigeration temperature (4°C) at any pH (6.0, 7.0, 8.0) was the most appropriate for growth and survival of L. monocytogenes; this pathogen reached maximum values of 10 8 -10 9 cfu.ml -1 ). In the same way, regardless of temperature of storage, higher values of pH were more appropriate for growth and survival of L. monocytogenes. This pathogen showed the best growth at pH 8.0.


Cobalt and iron MCM-41 catalysts were synthesized through an in-situ incorporation process starting from commercial iron and cobalt nitrates. The incorporation was confirmed by diffuse reflectance UV spectroscopy (DRS-UV) inspecting the cobalt and iron silicate-like photon absorption features and comparing with pure MCM-41-Co and MCM-41-Fe catalysts. Additionally it was found that the incorporation of cobalt and iron does not compromise the mesoporous structure of MCM-41 as confirmed by N2 adsorption isotherms. All catalysts showed high surface areas (∼1100 m2g−1). Catalysts performance was conducted in a simple methane chemical vapor deposition (CVD) set up at 800 °C to produce single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) under a constant flow of methane for 30 min. CVD products were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy, finding that the iron content in the catalysts favors the selectivity and yield of graphitic-like structures, and confirming the presence of SWCNT by the appearance of a characteristic radial breathing mode (RBM) signals. These results were supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations of the methane dissociation (CH4+TM →H3C–TMH) over Con (n = 1–5) and ComFe (m = 1–4), finding a different activation energy trend where ComFe (m = 1–4) clusters have the lower activation energy. The DFT study also revealed a charge difference (δC − δTM) higher in the case of dissociation over ComFe (m = 1–4) which may lead to an electrostatic stabilization of the transition metal, diminishing the activation energy of those clusters and leading to a faster carbon uptake.


Apple production is the main occupation and highly profitable economic activity in the Kashmir valley (India). The state is exporting apple and its products to almost all the major apple markets in India and other countries particularly to Middle East. In the current competitive global market, the pressure on organisations to find sustainable strategies for delivering value to its stakeholders has grown even stronger. In developing countries particularly India the supply chain of agricultural products is traditional and involves value loss at different stages of supply chain of apple products which escalates the cost of the final product. The present paper intends to focus on "missing values" and the critical issues of supply chain of fresh apples in the study area. Sustainable production, commercialisation and market development are not possible without curbing the different missing values in the whole supply chain of apple. The research highlights different missing values in the supply chain of apple, right from input stage to output stage. With the overcome of these missing values, growth and development of apple sector and subsequently economic development of Kashmir is quite possible.


Method for providing a personalized experience corresponding to the contents of the package containing the product on the wireless communication device displays the steps of reading a unique code on the package containing the product, the personalization phantom image on the wireless communication device It may include the steps, and varying the personalization phantom image in response to the relative movement between the package and the camera. .FIELD 4


The invention discloses a regulating roller type vertical register device which comprises a regulating roller arranged between printing units, wherein a printed material passes through the part between an embossing roller and a printing roller, then is wound around a drying roller and is connected with the regulating roller, the regulating roller is then connected with an embossing roller of another printing unit, and a swinging shaft positioned in a fixed position is used to regulate the length of the printed material between the two printing units and is connected with the regulating roller. The regulating roller type vertical register device is simple in structure, the length of the printed material between the two printing units is regulated through the swinging shaft and the regulating roller, the regulation is conveniently conducted, a paper tape is reeled smoothly, a clear pattern of a printed product is better guaranteed, and an excellent printing effect is achieved.


In discussing recent Maine political events, there can be no better place to begin than with Maine's blunt, abrasive, assertive and conservative Governor, Paul LePage. First elected in 2013, LePage thought by many to be one of the nation's most vulnerable governors back in 2013. Many had seen his election with 39% of the vote in a five way race as a fluke, and LePage's Republican Party-which took both houses of the Maine Legislature for the first time in decades in 2010- lost both houses of the Maine legislature in 2012. And short of bringing former Senator George Mitchell out of political retirement, Democrats got the candidate they most wanted-Second District Congressman Mike Michaud, and cleared the field for him, nudging businessman and former Independent US Senate candidate Steve Woods out of the race. Michaud represented the more conservative of Maine's congressional districts and been re-elected handily multiple times. Michaud received nationwide and even international attention for the possibility that he could be the first openly gay governor in American history (see, for example, Daily Mail Reporter 2013; Halloran 2013; Sharp 2013), but this received relatively little attention in Maine. (However, some speculated that some of his more rural, conservative and Catholic supporters might have quietly fallen away from him after his announcement).So, Democrats were shocked to see just how well Paul LePage did in defeating Michaud, as well as Independent Eliot Cutler, who made a late sorta-kinda withdrawal with a few weeks to go, but remained on the ballot. LePage won with a surprising and convincing 48.2% of the vote- the highest percentage of the vote for a candidate for Maine Governor since Independent Angus King's landslide re-election in 1998. Further, his re-election was just one part of a strong overall Republican performance in Maine in 2014. Republicans also cheered gaining seats (though not control) in the Maine House, recapturing the Maine Senate, and taking the 2nd Congressional District seat for the first time since Representative Olympia Snowe was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1994, as former State Treasurer Bruce Poliquin upset Maine Senate Majority Leader Emily Cain.How did this happen? Many Democrats blamed heavy rural 2nd District turnout by social conservatives, who showed up to vote against a Humane Society of the United States-backed initiative to place new curbs on bear hunting and stayed to vote for Republicans Others blamed Michaud's lackluster campaign, or overconfidence among Democrats that most Mainers were personally embarrassed by LePage and that as Cutler's support eroded, it would all flow to Michaud and sweep him to victory, while still others felt Democrats were not focused enough on specific economic issues of interest to blue collar voters and were too interested in postmaterial issues. (Moretto 2014). 1But Governor LePage viewed it as a fresh approval by Maine voters of his performance in office-and since Michaud tried to make the race a referendum on LePage's performance and behavior, LePage had much reason to think so. As a result, Governor LePage has become even more confrontational and unwilling to compromise since November-even at times with his own party.On policy issues, the clearest mandate LePage had was on welfare, a perennial issue in Maine. Ads paid for by $5.1 million in donations to LePage's campaign from the Republican Governors Association (RGA 2015)-led by LePage's friend, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie-repeatedly (and inaccurately) accused Democrats of supporting welfare for illegal immigrants, something LePage said he would stop (see, for example, Durkin 2014). At issue were refugees, largely from Africa, who were seeking asylum from brutal regimes in their home countries, in the United States. While they legally are in the US awaiting disposition of their asylum applications, they are barred from seeking employment for the first six months they are in the United States. …


The Teen Primary Pregnancy Prevention Program of the Children's Aid Society (CAS) in New York City was briefly reviewed. The primary components of the program emphasized not only the biological and physical aspects of sex and contraception but also education about life options and how to take advantage of them. The program includes on-site primary health services, self-esteem enhancement, skills training in individual sports for enhancement of self discipline and self control, academic assessment and homework assistance, family life and sex education, job and career awareness, and individual counseling. The program provides upon completion of high school, automatic admission to Hunter College of the City University of New York, opportunity for scholarships to cover costs of books and transportation, a guarantee of a job, requirements for maintaining a savings account for some of their earnings, medical care, and trained counselors. There have been no controlled group evaluations of the program. Over the past 5 years of operation, 8 teens became pregnant and 2 males caused a pregnancy. All teens in the program are now in their junior and senior high school years. In 1994, there were 75 students who went to Hunter College. Replication of the program is ongoing in 10 local New York City agencies and in 10 cities outside New York. One concern is the high per pupil cost, which is $1500 annually, and the high labor intensity. The annual operating budget was $415,000 in 1993. The program began with 22 teenagers and 12 parents in 1985, and currently serves 200 students and 75 parents at 3 locations. Donor support comes from the CAS and other sources. The founder and director is Michael A. Carrera, PhD, a professor of health sciences at Hunter College. The operating program philosophy is that the multidimensional community based inputs are similar to the supports one should receive from family. This program takes advantage of Dr. Carrera's experience and understanding that most programs fall because they are based on the wrong assumption that information and knowledge will head off the problem. A key component is the continuance, from as Young as 10 years until independence,s in a consistent and supportive environment. Education is about training young people in how to avoid unintended pregnancy, to make responsible sexual decisions, and to feel valued.


Commentary to: Induction of apoptosis by tea polyphenols mediated through mitochondrial cell death pathway in mouse skin tumors Preeti Roy, Nidhi Nigam, George Jasmine, Smita Srivastava, Yogeshwer Shukla


Abstract Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major diabetic complications and the leading cause of the end stage renal disease. Recently autophagy was shown to regulate DKD. Previously we reported that Fyn regulates muscle mass by suppressing autophagy through Fyn-STAT3 signaling pathway. More recently, we demonstrated that Fyn also inhibits autophagy in HK2 cells, in vitro cell model of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTC). Moreover, we found Y369 of Tgm2, a known inhibitor of autophagy, is directory phosphorylated by Fyn both in vitro and in cells and Fyn-dependent phosphorylation of Tgm2 regulates autophagy in RPTC. It has been reported that Tgm2 forms complexes with p53 and p62 (a known autophagy regulator) to mediate the degradation of p53 at autophagosomes in cancer cells. To note is that p53 could function as a DKD inducer. We found that p53 expression was decreased in Tgm2 knock-downed HK2 cells, suggesting that Tgm2-p62-p53 complex also modulates autophagy in RPTC. Since these were only in vitro studies, we proceeded with those in vivo. In HFD fed mice, diet-induced rodent models of metabolic disorders, we found that protein expression of p53 was increased due to decreased levels of autophagy implicated by decreased p62 punctuations in RPTC. To confirm the role of Fyn in autophagy and p53 expression we took advantage of a diabetic mouse model of FynKO mice induced by Streptozocin(STZ). While p53 was increased in the kidney of diabetic WT mice induced by STZ, it was not the case in the kidney of diabetic FynKO, indicating that Fyn could regulate autophagic activity and p53 expression. Taken together, these data suggest that the metabolic status may regulate Fyn to phosphorylate Tgm2 and modulate Tgm2-p62-p53 complex leading to the development of DKD. This regulatory mechanism is not mediated by blood glucose and may lead to the new therapeutic targets for diabetic kidney disease regardless of control of diabetes. Presentation: No date and time listed


A canonical flexible-price international real–business cycle model with incomplete financial markets can address the exchange rate–volatility puzzle, the exchange rate–persistence puzzle, and the consumption real–exchange rate anomaly, as well as the quantity anomaly. Crucial for the success of the model is the choice of the elasticity of substitution between home and foreign produced goods. The paper shows that the range of this parameter that allows the model to address these international macroeconomics anomalies is very narrow. Furthermore, the paper highlights an anomalous relationship between real–exchange rate persistence and the elasticity of substitution between home- and foreign-produced goods.


There is a certain percentage of people failed to get into the habit of eating breakfast every day. Skipping breakfast has harmful effects on the metabolic factors, such as blood glucose, lipid and blood pressure, it can increase the incidence of some chronic diseases. In people without diabetes, the short-term skipping breakfast couldn′t significantly influence fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose, while long-term skipping breakfast can increase fasting and postprandial blood glucose, increase the risk factor of type 2 diabetes. In patients with type 2 diabetes, skipping breakfast can increase blood glucose after lunch and dinner, and can increase the level of HbA1c.

Key words:
Skipping breakfast; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Glycometabolism


Distributional aspects are of primary importance in the design of many of our largest public programs. National health insurance, low-income housing subsidies, grants for higher education and payments for income maintenance all emphasize the use of public expenditure to alter the distribution of real resources among income classes. The traditional cost-benefit approach, with its focus on the efficiency of resource use, is inadequate for dealing with such programs. Moreover, the basic problem of choice in these programs is not the selection of one of several mutually exclusive projects but the design of optimal income-related schedules of benefits and charges.

The current paper defines this problem more specifically and suggests a linear programming formulation for its solution. An application to the design of a national health insurance program is then presented.


It is necessary to obtain the depth information of a cement clinker for distributing the cooling air in a grate cooler reasonably. Considering the high-temperature in the grate cooler,a mesh-candidate-based online 3D measurement method was proposed to reconstruct the the cement clinker. A binocular stereo system composed of two cameras with the optical axes intersected was used to capture the images of the cement clinker and a wavelet multi-resolution algorithm was adopted to improve the efficiency of the measurement system. If the confidence coefficient value is lower,a few candidates should be rematched using a larger or smaller windows according to the histogram,by which the measurement error caused by ambiguity could be reduced. Experiments indicate that the root-mean-square error of the system is 4.29 mm,which meets the requirement of the measurement precision. The measurement method shows its advantages in simplified implementation,high accuracy and low costs,and it can be stably applied to the production line of the grate cooler.


Abstract : This report describes procedures used to determine meteorological rocket system reliability throughout the Meteorological Rocket Network. It discusses the reasons for implementing the program, provides examples of output, identifies problem areas, and includes samples of monthly and cumulative results. Also included are procedures for reporting failures, a glossary of failure modes, instructions for implementing the progam on a UNIVAC 1108 computer, and a tabulated list of the computer program. (Author)


OBJECTIVE
To inquire into diagnose of congenital malformation of inner ear by CT and MRI.

METHOD
To report one case of CT and MRI image of congenital malformation of inner ear, and review relational documents. Character of CT and MRI of inner ear and membranous labyrinth by MR with 3D-CISS sequence were analysed.

RESULT
The bone structure of inner ear was shown by CT, the memberanous labyrinth was shown by MRI.

CONCLUSION
The mutual benefit of diagnose of congenital malformation of inner ear by CT and MRI. It is important for diagnose of congenital malformation of memberanous labyrinth by MR with 3D-CISS sequence.


The present invention discloses a sensing panel and a manufacturing method of the pressure and temperature sensing methods. Sensing panel includes a scan line, a first data line, a second data line, a first detection line, a second detection line, pressure sensing means, temperature sensing unit. The pressure sensing unit comprises a first switch thin film transistor and a pressure sensing device, said pressure sensing means for sensing the pressure applied to the pressure sensing unit, and generates a sensing signal pressure; the temperature the sensing unit includes a switching thin film transistor and a second temperature sensing device, said temperature sensing means for sensing the temperature sensing unit close to or in contact with the temperature of the temperature sensing unit object, and generation temperature sensing signal. The present invention can realize the sensed pressure applied to the sensor panel, and achieve the object close to the sensed temperature of the sensing panel or in contact with the sensing of panel.


Objective To investigate the dynamic expression of insulin like growth factor-Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) during development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods Rat hepatoma models were induced with 2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) on male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. Morphological changes of rat livers were observed,the dynamic changes of liver tissues and serum or liver IGF-Ⅱ and liver IGFBP-3 levels were quantitatively detected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results The progressively increasing of the levels of hepatic IGF-Ⅱ induced by 2-FAA was seen during the changes of hepatocytes presented the changes from granule-like degeneration to a typical hyperplasia to HCC. The levels of IGF-Ⅱ in hepatoma and sera were significantly higher than those of other groups. The positive relation of IGF-Ⅱ was found between liver tissues and sera (P0.01). The IGFBP-3 levels in hepatoma rats were significantly lower than those in other groups (P0.01). Conclusion Hepatic IGF-Ⅱ and IGFBP-3 may participate in hepatocyte canceration and the overexpression of IGF-Ⅱ and inhibition of IGFBP-3 expression could be useful molecular markers for early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.


We study an eigenvalue distribution of the adjacency matrix A of the weighted random bipartite graph Γ = ΓN,p. We assume that the graph has N vertices, the ratio of parts is α 1− α , and the average number of the edges attached to one vertex is αp or (1− α)p. To every edge of the graph eij , we assign the weight given by a random variable aij with all moments finite. We consider the moments of the normalized eigenvalue counting measure σN,p,α of A. The weak convergence in probability of the normalized eigenvalue counting measures is proved.


BIM is an innovative concept for the majority of firms operating in the AEC industry. BIM offers a new paradigm to design, construct, operate, and maintain a facility. However, even with the most conscientious use, stakeholders can run into trouble during its implementation on a project or within an organization. At times, project stakeholders are unaware of the challenges that they can face with the implementation at the project level or an organizational level. Therefore, the study aimed to identify and compile barriers associated with the BIM implementation at the project and organizational level, as per the literature. The study used two staged content analysis methods. Thirty-six challenges with BIM implementation were identified, and the majority of the barriers could be associated with the organization/ adopting unit. The researchers also found that the most of the commonly identified challenges dealt with the training of employees, lack of national standards for BIM in the US, and interoperability of the software. The study provides design and construction companies that either possess low BIM maturity or are yet to adopt BIM the ability to prioritize challenges and respond to them appropriately while creating the BIM implementation plan. One of the future researchers can aim towards conducting a severity analysis for the identified factors with regard to the design and construction industry.


In the represented paper there are considered different instructional strategies, which are used in order to create effective and flexible learner-oriented e-learning environment. There are discussed the main educational theories, their main characteristics and their implications for e-Learning.


Estimating evapotranspiration using the complementary relationship can serve as a proxy to more sophisticated physically based approaches and can be used to better understand water and energy budget feedbacks. The authors investigated the existence of complementarity between actual evapotranspiration (ET) and potential ET (ETp) over natural vegetation in semiarid desert ecosystems of southern Idaho using only the forcing data and simulated fluxes obtained from Noah land surface model (LSM) and North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data. To mitigate the paucity of long-term meteorological data, the Noah LSM-simulated fluxes and the NARR forcing data were used in the advection‐aridity (AA) model to derive the complementary relationship (CR) for the sagebrush and cheatgrass ecosystems. When soil moisture was a limiting factor for ET, the CR was stable and asymmetric, with b values of 2.43 and 1.43 for sagebrush and cheatgrass, respectively. Higher b values contributed to decreased ET and increased ETp, and as a result ET from the sagebrush community was less compared to that of cheatgrass. Validation of the derived CR showed that correlations between daily ET from the Noah LSM and CR-based ET were 0.76 and 0.80 for sagebrush and cheatgrass, respectively, while the root-mean-square errors were 0.53 and 0.61 mm day 21 .


In order to understand the relationship between thermal aging level of oil-paper insulation and its space charge properties,accelerated thermal aging tests were conducted on samples composed of #25 mineral oil and ordinary Kraft paper.The space charge properties of aged samples under DC voltage(20 kV/mm) were studied by using the pulsed electro-acoustic(PEA) method,and the impact of aging on the space charge evolution as well as the electric field distortion was discussed.The results show that during thermal aging,the deeper the trap emerges,the more space charge accumulates and the internal field distortion is enlarged as well under DC voltage,moreover,the duration of charge dissipation and internal field distortion become longer respectively.Furthermore,an exponential relationship between the total charge and decay time was obtained and the decay time constant τ was proposed,which could help realize the evaluation of charge dissipation ability in different samples.The results provide a basis for evaluation the electrical properties of oil-paper insulation system under different thermal aging conditions.


The present endeavor explores relationship between producer and consumer price indices by employing new techniques. We have utilized the time series monthly (1992M1-2007M6) data while ARDL Bounds Testing and Johanson Cointegration Approach is used to determine the long run association and robustness of long run results. Toda & Yamamato (1995) and Variance Decomposition for causal rapport between producer and consumer prices are applied. DF-GLS & Ng-Perron Tests are also applied to inquire the order of integration for running variables. Results have verified the existence of long run relationship between producer and consumer prices, and their association is robust in long span of time in the case of small developing economy like Pakistan. Causal results through Toda and Yamamato's (1995) technique asserts that there is two-way causality but it is stronger from producer to consumer prices and same with Variance Decomposition Method. Finally Feed back impacts show that feedback influence from PPI to CPI is stronger or dominating as compared to feedback from CPI to PPI, which support "Cushing and McGarvey (1990) hypothesis"


K. Mara. The expedition was led by John Giaever, Secretary of Norges Svalbardog Ishavs-Undersokelser. The glaciological expedition to Clavering Island, led by the Swedish professor Hans W:son Ahlmann, was also on board. Brit Hofseth, geologist, together with some Swedish, Finnish and Norwegian tourists, and one Pole, also took part in the voyage. Polarbjern left Alesund on July 15, at first bound for Bear Island and Svalbard. The ship tried without success to penetrate the ice in about Lat. 77° N. Farther south, in Lat. 74£° N. the ice was found to be quite open, and the ship arrived at Cape Herschel on July 27. It was found that the winter-ice was lying unbroken over the southern part of Foster Bay and at the mouth of Vega Sound and Davy Sound. The ship had to wait for fourteen days before getting into King Oscar's Fjord. In the meantime it had also been found that the winter-ice lay unbroken between Bass Rock and Shannon Island. During the last half of August the ship succeeded, however, in calling at all the Norwegian stations between Davy Sound and Ardencaple Inlet. In the summer of 1939 there was scarcely any drift-ice along the eastern coast of Greenland between Lat. 72° and 75j° N., but the winter-ice did not break up at all on the outer coast from Cape Simpson on Traill Island to Bontekoe Island, in the basin between Sabine Island, Pendulum Island and Kuhn Island, and in Shannon Strait. The Polarbjorn returned to Alesund on August 31. The Grande of Sandshamn near Alesund (Captain Hide) carried out the relief of the Norwegian meteorological station at Torgilsbu in SouthEast Greenland. The ship left Alesund on July 20 and arrived at its destination on August 6. A great many icebergs were observed off the coast. The station building, which had been partly damaged during a storm in the winter, was repaired. The ship left Torgilsbu on August 14, and arrived at Alesund on the 23rd.


A significant amount of high-speed machinery used within the packaging and process industry has evolved incrementally over time as the result of direct working experience of the individual designers. As customers have increased their demands for higher performance and greater variations in product handled, the designers have continued to adapt or modify their machines to achieve them. Many of these designs, and the principles upon which they are based, are reaching their fundamental performance limits. Any further increase in their performance envelopes can make them highly sensitive to slight changes in component geometry, set up, and variations in the product form and material properties.


The articles in this volume cover aspects relating to archaeometallurgy, functional analyses, experimental work and use-wear analysis to investigate the use and manufacture of European Bronze Age weaponry. This includes but is by no means limited to swords, halberds, bows and arrows, as well as defensive objects like shields and helments.


Many bird species such as parrots and parakeets are held in captivity in various cities in Mexico as ornaments and pets. This study aimed to record the number of Psittacid species kept in captivity in the city of Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, along with assessing their welfare conditions. Information was obtained from 195 bird keepers from March to May 2014, using the "snowball" interview technique. Information about their birds' cost of acquisition, the season of sale, feeding and care were recorded. Additionally, an assessment of the welfare status of each bird was performed. A total of 245 Psittacid individuals were recorded, and all were illegal. Eupsittula canicularis was the most common species, and Amazona autumnalis was the least common. The most frequent welfare condition found was theabsence of feathers (73.5%), probably associated with excess stress caused by overcrowding. Keeping wild birds in captivity continues clandestinely;therefore, is necessary to create a local strategy that helps prevent the domestic use of the Psittacids as pets.


Various tissues of Pagumogonimus skrjabini adult worms were observed systematicaHy by histochemical techniques. The substances demonstrated under light microscope were glycogen, acid muco polysaccharides, lipids, alkaline protein, protein bound α-amino groups, DNA, RNA, AKP and ACP. The locations of these substances mentioned above were described in detail. In addition, activity of AKP in the tegument, the musculature and the excretory tubules was observed under electron microscope.The physiological significance of these substances in various organs was discussed respectively.


Victorian poetry, visuality, race, racialization: where better to explore these topics' convergence than in this special issue of Victorian Poetry? Now, as students of Victorian studies are increasingly challenging disciplinary traditions of refusing to "see" race, perhaps especially where poetry is concerned,1 visuality's relations to poetics seem poised to emerge as invaluable resources for moving beyond longstanding, if often tacit, training in evasive, exclusionary reading.2 Here, in turning towards those relations, I'll be tracing a sharp, idiosyncratic line through an increasingly rich, expansive constellation of critical and poetic writings and disciplinary fields.3 "What is 'Victorian poetry'? How do we know? And who are "we"?: blunt as these questions are, they carry a gathering urgency. They drive conversations at once speculative, structural, passionately theoretical— and, in all these things, distinctly everyday.4 Here, I'd like to approach such conversations from odd angles, in part through a series of sharply defined invitational gestures. Each plays out through some form of materializing visualization; all have been inspired by Kyla Wazana Tompkins's recent questions to readers of PMLA. "How promiscuously sensual can we be in relation to the literary?" Tompkins asks: "What is the place of lit er a ture in the forming, schooling, and historical disciplining of the senses? Here I would call for a deeply disciplinary interdisciplinarity or even antidisciplinarity, by which I mean a close listening to our multiple objects of interest as they travel across history, across borders, and between media."5 "More, more, more;" Tompkins goes on to urge: "can we not make and have more than we do now?" (p. 422).


The article presents a short insight into the source of reverse glass paintings of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in the territory of Slovenia. The painting technique is described, based on literary sources and observations of the author. The research is based on the conservation and restoration of thirty paintings housed in the Goriški and Tolminski Museums, with description of observed damage and analyses of colour layers. Historical Background Paintings on glass plates were a favourite embellishment of rural homes until the first half of the twentieth century in Slovenia, especially in the Gorenjska and Štajerska region as well as the Tolmin part of the Primorska region. On these decorative, brightly coloured pictures, religious motifs are depicted with images of saints, biblical stories and scenes from the lives of Christ and the Virgin Mary. Sometimes the names of saints appear on a light background at the bottom section of the picture, while on the upper section one finds the typical rich flower-pattern decoration. The peculiarity of these pictures on glass is that they are painted on the back side of a glass plate, so that the glass acts both as the support to the paint layer as well as a protective cover. The method of painting is adapted to this and is carried out in reverse order as compared to classical painting. One starts with the contours and details while larger colour surfaces and the background are applied at the end. Paintings on glass panels were being brought to Slovenia from different pilgrimage centres and routes, and were also sold by peddlers. Most of the paintings originate from well known centres in Bohemia, Bavaria and in Austria. A migration chart of consignments of paintings on glass plates from foreign centres to Slovenia was published in 1959 in the Österreichischer Volkskundatlas (Makarovič 1962). The time of their production goes back to the second half of the eighteenth century, while the majority of pictures on glass in Slovene collections belong to the first half of the nineteenth century (Makarovič 1981). In the Goriška region the workshop for painting of glass was situated in the neighbourhood of the Trebuša-Čepovan glass works and its work is mentioned in the literature by R. Mario Cossar (1926).


J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Miguel Barbero-Marcial, Carla Tanamati, Edmar Atik, Munir Ebaid and Adib Jatene AND SURGICAL TREATMENT PULMONARY ARTERY WITH INTRAMURAL AORTIC ROUTE: DIAGNOSIS ANOMALOUS ORIGIN OF THE LEFT CORONARY ARTERY FROM THE http://jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/117/4/823 the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on


In this paper a comparison is made between Gibbon's thesis (a historian) with the thesis proposed by Saint Agustin (a witness of that decline). The former Bishop of Hipona wrote his thoughts in The City of God . His understunding of that decline and fall is quite different. The key would be, indeed, in the disapperance of the reasons that justify the possibility of understanding life as a constant growing situation.


High sensitivity borehole strain meter has good dynamic performance, work stability, anti-interference ability in detecting the regional crustal activity. The structure using four sensing elements that were set at intervals of 45 degree can have a simple "reliability test formula of measurement data" to realize the real-time inspection of data reliability. This method of work has become an important detection means of multi-component borehole strain observation in Mainland China. The structure of the new model introduced by this paper has been confirmed that it can obviously improve the mutual verification result of strain measurement data because the important improvements have been made on displacement transfer structure of underground instrument, and the borehole strain meter has got two pre-seismic anomaly information in experimental observation in ZhaoTong area, YunNan. Now the types of equipment submitted to this conference is expected participants to consider if it can be used in electromagnetic wave observation station network and become an auxiliary observation means that is matching. The instrument feature are that it uses four sensing elements that were set at intervals of 45 degree and checking formula is simple and clear: U1+U3=U2+U4. Reliability of observation has been obviously improved because four elements are embedded in the 8 narrow ribs. Cross check degree of the data has reached 0.99. Preliminary distance is 30km, correlation coefficient of the two surface strain curve is 0.99 or so, there was no significant association with this earthquake. NS and NW data signals of the borehole strain meter appeared low frequency noise 11-17 minutes before the M5.7 DaGuan earthquake, and the earthquake occurred two minutes after the end of noise. In this earthquake, what is difficult to understand is that the low frequency signal curve shape is different between the NS curve and NW curve. Cycle of NS is about 15s and the cycle of NW is about 60s. But NE, EW data curve did not appear similar situation and the relationship between the low frequency data of four components did not conform to checking formula. The cause of this kind of signal is unclear but it may be a extremely important clue. We suspect that it may be connected with the underground electromagnetic signal because it doesn't conform to checking formula. The LuDian M6.5 earthquake occurred on August 3, 2014, epicenter was located 26km southwest of LuDian Seismic Station. Except that strain data appeared changes 3 days before the earthquake, the correlation coefficient of surface strain have different values in different stages of earthquake.


Hwangryongsa was one of the major Buddhist temples of the Silla kingdom and it is known to have survived up until the third Mongol invasion in the Goryeo Dynasty. It is highly likely that the roof tiles used here were produced by the most skilled craftsmen of Silla. The shape and manufacturing techniques of the tiles reveal the general trend of roof-tile manufacture during Silla. The diversity shown in production techniques confirms many points that up to now could not be confirmed at other Silla historical sites. Though there is no difference in shape with Baekje tiles, confirmation of the cord that connected the two sides of assembly molds together provided concrete evidence of the assembly-mold method of tile manufacture; also the presence of various dividing lines shows the likelihood of exchange with Baekje and Goguryeo. The difference between Silla tiles and those of Baekje and Goguryeo is the much higher proportion of tiles manufactured with cylindrical molds rather than assembly molds during Silla, and it is this prevalence of cylindrical-mold tiles during Silla that accounts for the cylindrical mold manufacturing technique being passed down to the Joseon and Goryeo dynasties.


The authors characterize femtosecond laser single-pulse machining of deep, micrometer-diameter holes and long, micrometer-width channels in fused silica by the use of spherical, cylindrical, and aspheric singlet lenses. Repositionable spherical lenses form an adjustable beam expander that also provides a means of minimizing—or deliberately introducing—spherical aberration (SA) in the focal region by controlling the beam divergence at the asphere. Inserting cylindrical lenses creates a line focus for machining channel patterns parallel to the sample surface and at any depth within the bulk of the sample. The effects of controlled SA and pulse energy on the depth of round-focus holes and line-focus channels are studied. Holes less than 1 μm in diameter but with depths exceeding 30 μm are observed in the case of strong positive SA. Channel patterns from ∼1 to 3 μm wide, up to 2000 μm long, and with depths of 6–40 μm can also be machined with a single pulse, depending on the lens configuration and pulse energy. For the highest pulse energies studied, channel features exhibit phenomena such as bifurcations and multiple, separated focal regions along the beam path, indicating a possible complex interplay between SA, self-focusing, and filamentation. The authors also present experiments on attempting to form arrays of closely spaced, parallel microfluidic channels in fused silica by KOH etching of line-focus features for highly parallelized microfluidic applications.


T year, members have shown how deeply they care about the Association's future. Admittedly, when President Robert O. Keohane first suggested that a Strategic Planning Committee (SPC) be formed, no groundswell of enthusiasm could be detected among APSA members. However, as the work of Paul Beck's SPC proceeded, the committee began to hear from increasing numbers of people. Rather than waiting to produce one large report for member reaction, the SPC has been regularly posting preliminary reports on the web (www.apsanet.org/new/planning) and asking for responses via email, the web, and public sessions held at the regional meetings. Members have neither been shy nor univocal in their reactions, especially in regard to proposals concerning APSR and, to a lesser extent, the Association's mission statement. The committee has tried to balance diverse opinions and to develop a vision that will carry APSA forward over the next decade and will submit its initial final draft recommendations to the Council in time for discussion at its meeting during the Annual Meeting. Members will have ample opportunity to respond to the full report before official action is taken at the spring 2001 Council meeting. Some might ask why, at a time when the Association has strong programs, robust investments, thriving Organized Sections, and balanced budgets (Tables 1-3), a planning process is necessary. After all, no crisis looms. There are several answers. In 1998, the staff conducted a survey of current and lapsed members that indicated the need to review APSA publications and programs. PS: Political Science and Politics and the Annual Meeting were found to be popular among members and nonmembers alike. That almost half of the membership attends the meeting each year attests to its apparent usefulness as well (Table 4). Less anticipated was the discovery that most survey respondents had no opinion about, no experience with, or no knowledge of most of the remainder of APSA programs. Our flagship publication, the American Political Science Review, drew both the strongest expressions of satisfaction and dissatisfaction, with dissatisfaction being conveyed by a majority of lapsed members and an almost even split between expressions of satisfaction and dissatisfaction among current members. This bifurcation over the Review posed and continues to pose a dilemma for anyone planning for the future of the Association. The APSR is the leading publication in political science, as indicated by acceptance rates, the half-life of citations, and reputation. Moreover, survey respondents indicated their appreciation of the Review's rigor and of the book reviews in openended comments. The SPC, a diverse body, has come to the conclusion that the quality of the journal can be maintained and even enhanced if its breadth is widened, something current and past APSR editors have attempted despite difficulties. The SPC has asked the Council and APSA members to consider using newly available digital tools to overcome barriers. Another impetus for establishing a planning committee was a notable decline in net revenue during a fouryear period when expenses increased more rapidly than income (see Table 3). These trends, coupled with a two-year drop in individual membership and a substantial decline in library memberships (Table 5 and Figure 1), gave the Council reason to worry that APSA budgets would soon be in the red. This year, the Annual Meeting Committee, led by Peter Lange, redressed the imbalance between Annual Meeting revenue and its share of support of Association activities by increasing Annual Meeting registration fees, reversing the negative revenue trend for the time being. In the spring, the Council agreed to a small increase in membership dues, which has further alleviated, though not fully resolved, the problem. Longer-term trends of generational change, the changing environment in higher education, the possibilities offered by the Internet, and globalization of political science—as articulated in the APSA document, "Draft Design for a Strategic Planning Process" (www.apsanet.org/new/ planning/briefing.cfm)—present challenges but also offer exciting opportunities for our future. We have already used the web to increase our productivity and improve our service to members. Whether collecting information for the upcoming Centennial Biographical Directory of Members, making the Association's scholarly publications available through JSTOR, PROceedings, and PSonline, or creating opportunities for political scientists with E-Jobs, PSNonline, and the Annual Meeting proposal process, we are doing our best to take full advantage of the new media. We have also developed special sites for APSA members, undergraduate teachers, graduate students, civic educators, department chairs, those involved in service learning, and members of Organized Sections. Also, our site is now secure for financial transactions. More is in the pipeline. By next year, for example, we hope to offer the Program Committee a webbased system to create the Annual Meeting panels. The Minority Identification Project will soon be entirely web-based. The SPC—and, earlier, the ad hoc Committee on Technology, led by Pippa Norris, and the Committee on Publications, chaired by Bert Rockman—have encouraged APSA's digital efforts, especially those using the web site. These committees have also recognized the high cost of information technology and its tendency to transform private goods into public ones.


we have proposed the method for evaluating the free- space antenna factor of a log-periodic broadband antenna (LPDA) with time-domain technique [1]. Our method is based on the techniques of time domain analysis and pulse compression technology. The introduced function enables us to isolate the direct wave from the reflected waves on the ground plane in an open area test site for free-space antenna factor evaluation. In our previous method, LPDAs are held 4m high on the masts and with 10m distance between them. The antenna separation is 10m and the reflection path slightly longer. It is difficult to separate these two waves by a simple time-gate and pulse compression technique by using direct wave of lm antenna separation. In this paper, LPDAs are held 6m high on the masts and with 10m distance between them. Then, to calculate the direct wave by using the Wiener filter that is expressed by the frequency- domain direct wave of 3m antenna separation. Our proposed method can completely separate the direct wave from the measurement waves on the ground plane in an open area test site.


Desert dust events reaching the Atlantic Ocean and the Iberian Peninsula in year 2000 are analyzed in this work. Three different measurement sites were selected: Funchal (Madeira Island), Lisbon (Portugal) and El Arenosillo (Huelva, Spain). The aim of this work is to study the characteristics of desert dust aerosol during these events, and the ability of detecting them through aerosol optical depth measurements given by Brewer and Cimel instruments. Back trajectories analysis is also carried out as a support for these measurements.


induces melanocytic hyperplasia in susceptible patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 33:577–583, 1995 Hachiya A, Kobayashi A, Ohuchi A, Takema Y, Imokawa G: The paracrine role of stem cell factor/c-kit signaling in the activation of human melanocytes in ultraviolet-B-induced pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 116:578–586, 2001 Heissig B, Hattori K, Dias S, et al: Recruitment of stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow niche requires MMP-9 mediated release of kit-ligand. Cell 109:625–637, 2002 Kanbe T, Soma Y, Kawa Y, Kashima M, Mizoguchi M: Serum levels of soluble stem cell factor and soluble KITare elevated in patients with atopic dermatitis and correlate with the disease severity. Br J Dermatol 144:1148–1153, 2001 Kligman LH, Murphy GF: Ultraviolet B radiation increases hairless mouse mast cells in a dose-dependent manner and alters distribution of UV-induced mast cell growth factor. Photochem Photobiol 63:123–127, 1996 Kunisada T, Lu SZ, Yoshida H, et al: Murine cutaneous mastocytosis and epidermal melanocytosis induced by keratinocyte expression of transgenic stem cell factor. J Exp Med 187:1565–1573, 1998 Longley BJ, Morganroth GS, Tyrrell L, Ding TG, Anderson DM, Williams DE, Halaban R: Altered metabolism of mast-cell growth factor (c-kit ligand) in cutaneous mastocytosis. New Engl J Med 328:1302–1307, 1993 Longley BJ, Tyrrell L, Ma Y, et al: Chymase cleavage of stem cell factor yields a bioactive, soluble product. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:9017–9021, 1997 Pandiella A, Bosenberg MW, Huang EJ, Besmer P, Massague J: Cleavage of membrane-anchored growth factors involves distinct protease activities regulated through common mechanisms. J Biol Chem 267:24028–24033, 1992 Shimizu Y, Ashman LK, Du Z, Schwartz LB: Internalization of kit together with stem cell factor on human fetal liver-derived mast cells. J Immunol 156:3443–3449, 1996 Weiss RR, Whitaker-Menezes D, Longly J, Bender J, Murphy GF: Human dermal endothelial cells express membrane-associated mast cell growth factor. J Invest Dermatol 104:101–106, 1995 Yamamoto T, Sawada Y, Katayama I, Nishioka K: Local expression and systemic release of stem cell factor in systemic sclerosis with diffuse hyperpigmentation. Br J Dermatol 144:199–200, 2001


This paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges brought by WTO entry to college health edu-cation. The opportunities are that it is helpful to accelerate the modernization course of the college healtheducation and to promote its scientific decision. The challenges are that the increasing number of foreignstudents makes it harder to carry out college health education, that it is urgent to improve people's physicalquality and human resources quality, and that the competition of the service appliance market of college hea-lth education is faced with the challenge of WTO entry. Therefore, several measures have been put forwardto develop college health education.


A 58-year-old woman with a history of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, hypertension and smoking presented with a left hemiparesis (grade 4/5). Admission glucose was 22.6 mmol/L. MRI of the brain demonstrated an area of restricted diffusion involving the corpus callosum of the left hemisphere (figures 1 and 2). Investigations into the cause of her stroke including vasculitic and thrombophilic causes, echocardiogram, telemetry and carotid Doppler, did not demonstrate any significant pathology. Rather alarmingly, the patient's glycated hemoglobin was elevated at 134 mmol/mol.

Figure 1
Axial …


An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE) simulation of 2D magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) for a liner is presented.The physical model is devided into thermal and equilibrium radiation diffusion,resistive diffusion,Lagrangian hyhrodynamics,coordinate system motion and convetive transport by a time-split.The formulation of Lagrangian hydrodynamics introduced by Frese et al.is modified to preserve the conversation of mass in Lagrangian hydrodynamics step.The simulation results of some initial perturbations agree with these in the Douglas et al and Liberman et al paper.


The two studies under consideration, Robert C. Morris, Reading, 'Riting, and Reconstruction, and Richard E. Butchart, Northern Schools, Southern Blacks, and Reconstruction, are important treatments of freedmen and their teachers during the Civil War and Reconstruction. Morris attempts a comprehensive, descriptive statement. Butchart is more focused and ideological in his analysis of the organization of freedmen's education. Both are readable, useful books for students of the period. Each, however, has its particular strengths and weaknesses. Morris's focus is on what happened in freedmen's education, especially in the South. Butchart, in contrast, concentrates on the national freedmen's organizations, operated by Northern whites, and asks why certain choices were made. Why were certain policies followed? In this way, the two studies complement each other. However, at some points the two authors' discussion of the same topic leads the reader to wonder if they did not use entirely different sources and are, perhaps, talking about entirely different subjects. Morris organizes his study in a straightforward, chronological fashion. He describes the impetus of freedmen's education during the Civil War. He then devotes a chapter to each of the major groups who made up the teaching staff of the freedmen's schools, i.e., "The Yankee Schoolmarm," the black teacher, and the Southern white teacher. While the first group, the Northern teacher, has been closely treated in studies like Willie Lee Rose's Rehearsal for Reconstruction, and James McPherson's two works, The Struggle for Equality and The A bolitionist Legacy, the latter two groups have been somewhat neglected. McPherson, in his The Negro's Civil War, and Ray Billington, in his editing of The Journal of Charlotte Forten, do speak to the issue of the black freedmen's teacher. Morris, however, is still to be congratulated for highlighting and emphasizing the roles of blacks and Southern whites in the education effort.


Owing to a combination of increase in coastal population and processes related to global climate change, intense coastal development is inevitable. Shallow-water habitats are prone to be replaced b...


Background and Goal of Study: Acute pancreatitis represents a spectrum of disease ranging from a mild, self-limited course requiring only brief hospitalization to a rapidly progressive, fulminant illness resulting in the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), with or without accompanying sepsis. The aim of this study was to compare Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II), Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS) for predicting hospital mortality in severe acute pancreatitis. Materials and methods: Patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis admit ted to the ICU was calculated. Admission APACH II (24h), SAPS II (24h), MODS and SOFA scores and maximum MODS and SOFA scores were calculated and compared regarding hospital mortality. The outcomes of the patient were classified as non survivors and survivors. The prognostic ability of these four scoring systems were assessed by the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). Results and discussion: Forty-five patients were enrolled. There were 27 deaths (60%). The AUC of admission scores were 0.76±0.05 for APACHE II and 0.78±0.04 for SAPS II, 0.79±0.05 for MODS, 0.86±0.04 for SOFA in predicting hospital mortality. And the AUC of maximum scores were 0.89±0.04 for MODS and 0.94±0.03 for SOFA. All maximum scores had better ability in predicting hospital morality than the admission scores respectively (P<0.05). In admission scores, SAPS II show better power than APACHE II to predict hospital motality, while there were no significant dif ference among the MODS and SOFA. In maximum scores,SOFA show better power than MODS (P<0.05). Conclusion(s): Organ dysfunction scores (MODS and SOFA) show better power than first day scoring systems (APACHE II and SAPS II) in predicting hospital mortality of the patients with SAP. And in organ dysfunction scores, the maximum scores show more ability than admission to predict outcome, especially the SOFA score. References: 1. Ville Petitila, et all. Comparison of multiple organ dysfunction scores in the prediction of hospital mortalita in critically ill. Crit Care Med 2002; 30(8): 1705-11. 2. Moreno R, Vincent JL, et all. The use of maximum SOFA score to quantify organ dysfunction/failure in intensive care. Results of a prospective, multicentre study. Working Group on Sepsis related Problems of the ESICM. Intensive Care Med 1999 Jul;25(7):686-96. 12AP5-10


Over the past few years, crises at South African universities have become a regular occurrence. A growing number of researchers have confirmed that Coombs' Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) assists in understanding how management generally responds to a crisis situation. This study used SCCT to investigate how the crisis communication activities at one South African university of technology was perceived by the staff of that institution. The study examined, through a survey among a stratified random sample of staff members, the respondents' perceptions of the communication channels and crisis response strategies that management used when communicating with staff during crises related to student protests at the University. The findings suggest that the University mainly used the justification crisis response strategy to communicate to university stakeholders, while rarely using the other strategies found in SCCT. The communication channels most preferred by staff for crisis communication were SMSs and WhatsApp messages, while the University website was perceived to have been used most by management. The article finally makes some recommendations, but also points out some limitations of the study.


The efiect of bulk viscosity on the evolution of the spatially ∞at Friedmann{Lemaitre{ Robertson{Walker (FLRW) models in the context of open thermodynamical systems, which allow for particle creation, is analysed within the framework of Brans{Dicke (BD) theory. The BD fleld equations are modifled with the incorporation of a creation pressure and bulk viscous stress. A class of physically plausible models has been taken into consideration. The behaviour of the particle number density and bulk viscosity is discussed with the evolution of the Brans{Dicke scalar fleld.


In a Guest Editorial, Cosetta Minelli and Gianluca Baio explain how VOI analysis can prioritize research projects by identifying uncertainty in existing knowledge and then estimating expected benefits from reducing that uncertainty.


World War I, as a total conflict, was accompanied by various manifestations of the barbarization of hostilities. One of the topical issues of the world confrontation is its impact on the ecology of the region of military conflict. Written on the basis of archival materials for the first time used in studying, the article traces the policy of the military leadership on the use of water resources during the war. Various plans and measures for flooding areas in the system of passive and active defense in different points of the theater of military operations are analyzed: in the defense of fortresses, construction of barriers on rivers to prevent their forcing, attempts to use river barriers for flooding of entire cities. The work studies the reasons for the successes and failures of such plans. In particular detail it does so in the context of the plan to flood the rivers of Polesye, which was the largest reservoir of water resources in the western borderlands of Russia in a strategic region of historical confrontation between Russia and its western neighbors. The article concludes that there was a serious disagreement between the military and civilian authorities on the issue of the detrimental effects of river flooding to the agriculture, population, and ecology of the area, including in the postwar perspective, which forced the military leadership to adopt a moderate defense plan for swamping the area. In the course of using water resources, the Russian army managed to avoid the barbarization of military actions, including flooding large contingents of the enemy, limiting itself to moderate measures of impact on the ecology of the region and remaining within the limits of humanity, as far as total war permitted.


A high‐efficiency tandem solar cell comprises of top and bottom solar cells. The bottom cell has a bandgap of ≈1.1 eV and is designed to absorb longer wavelengths of photons. A Cu(InGa)Se2 (CIGS) is one of the candidates for a bottom solar cell, but its bandgap is not constant and is graded with depth. This study discusses suitable bandgap grading of CIGS cells for bottom cell applications. Three CIGS devices with different bandgap gradings are prepared for bottom cell evaluation. One device has a single‐back‐graded bandgap type whereas the others have double‐graded bandgap types, which have been used for high‐efficiency CIGS devices. The three CIGS devices exhibit similar conversion efficiencies of ≈20% but different solar cell parameters, due to their different shapes of bandgap grading. For the bottom cell evaluations, current–voltage measurements are performed using 720 nm (≈1.72 eV) and 800 nm (≈1.55 eV) long‐pass filters. It is found that a CIGS device with a double‐graded bandgap is unsuitable and/or shows reduced performance with a decreased top cell bandgap. By contrast, CIGS devices with a single‐back‐graded bandgap can be adopted as a bottom cell under top cell bandgaps of both ≈1.55 and ≈1.72 eV.


Numerical modeling of geophysical electromagnetic induction problem requires solving low-frequency time-harmonic Maxwell's equations. Conventional nodal base finite element method is not suitable for computing electromagnetic field in inhomogeneous conductivity structure. An improved nodal finite element method is proposed. In this scheme, the divergence equation of Gauss's law is containing in the governing equations, electrical fields are decomposed into two parts of divergence-free and curl free, and a stabilizing term is introduced into the double-curl equation. The method is shown to be accurate and stable for the quasi-static electromagnetic modeling of highly discontinuous conductivity structure.


A Cr-free passivating liquid, instead of existing passivating chromate solution, for passivating the galvanized layer to increase its anticorrosion performance contains salt of free element 20-35g, complexing agent 18-38g, oxidizing-reducing agent 0.05-0.15g and water. Its advantage is no Cr pollution.


Introduction:
 Risk related decision making for physical activity engagement changed during the pandemic. Importantly, life-threatening COVID-19 illness was riskier for adults with many chronic illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases. Determining physical activity level differences between people at high versus low risk for severe COVID-19 is critical for targeting future approaches for improving physical activity and cardiovascular health.

 Hypotheses:
 Between March 2020 and May 2021, compared to adults at low risk for severe COVID-19, adults at high risk have 1) greater odds of inactivity; and 2) in adults reporting physical activity, high risk is associated with lower metabolic equivalent of task (MET).

 Methods:
 This prospective observational study enrolled English-speaking US adults age 18 years and older.  Measures included demographic and health condition surveys, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form surveys at baseline, with IPAQ repeated at 3, 4, 7, 9, and 13 months. Inactivity was defined as reporting no activity bouts ≥ 10 minutes. Hypotheses testing used a two-part model of physical activity over time simultaneously fitting a logistic model of inactivity and a gamma model of total MET for the physically active while adjusting for age, gender, and race.

 Results:
 The sample included n = 687 (mean age = 42.4 ± 15.5, 78% women, 89% white). Odds of inactivity for COVID-19 high risk group was 2 to 4.1 times higher than that of low risk group at baseline and 13 months (Figure 1a). Physically active adults at high risk of severe COVID-19 had MET levels less than the low risk group at baseline (28%, p = .001), 3 (29%, p = .002), and 4 months (30%, p =.005), with no significant differences at later timepoints (see Figure 1b).

 Conclusions:
 Inactivity and MET level between group differences varied over time. Disproportionate odds of inactivity and lower MET levels was present primarily early in the pandemic in the high risk group.


: This paper presents the results of an investigation of the effects of the Maryland Critical Area Act on generation of non-point source loads of phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment to the Rhode River estuary. The Simple Method model, the Marcus and Kearney regression model, and the CREAMS model were used to estimate annual loads under: (1) present conditions, (2) maximum land use development allowable under the Act, and (3) two sets of future land use conditions that might occur if the Act were not in place. Results indicate that the Critical Area Act can reduce the present generation of nonpoint nutrient and sediment loadings 20–30 percent from the regulated area. These reductions can occur while preserving agricultural lands and allowing limited residential and urban development. The decrease in nutrient loadings is primarily dependent upon implementation and enforcement of agricultural best management practices (BMPs). The BMPs could reduce present agricultural nutrient loadings by 90 percent to a level comparable to loadings from residential areas. The estimated effectiveness of the Critical Area Act is even greater when compared to potential future nutrient loadings if development in the area remains unregulated. Unrestricted residential and urban development could increase nutrient loadings by 200 percent to 1000 percent as compared to controlled development under Critical Area Act guidelines. The Critical Area Act primarily prevents these future increases by severely limiting woodland cutting, with lesser results obtained by requiring urban BMPs.


Monitoring of heavy metal ions in aquatic environment can be a tedious process, especially in harsh, logistically challenging field conditions. This work demonstrates the detection of copper ions in water using a low-cost screen printed 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticle based electrochemical sensor. To deal with the common field-testing challenges, an easily disposable, flexible, compact sized reliable sensor was fabricated using a screen-printing technique. The developed sensor shows an excellent performance with a linear range of 5 µM to 1000 µM, a low limits of detection (LOD) value of just 0.3125 µM, and high repeatability with standard deviation less than 0.5%. With this performance and attractive attributes such as flexible form factor, low-cost fabrication and disposability etc. the presented sensor shows a great potential for practical applications in soil and water monitoring.


Thin needle aspiration in eleven goats with enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes was evaluated. In seven out of eleven goats the Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was identified by citology and isolated from material collected by thin needle aspiration. The purpose of this study is to describe the utilization of thin needle aspiration in the cytologic and microbiologic diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis in goats.


Seven simple perceptual tasks from among those found by Eysenck, Granger and Brengelman ( 1957), and Vandenberg ( 1959) to discriminate among normal, neurotic and psychotic Ss were used in the present pilot study in an attempt to discover tests that might be sensitive to the effects of the tranquilizer meprobamate (Miltown, Equanil). Twelve normal male Ss (21 years of age or older) were tested, following a double-blind, counterbalanced design, one hour after ingestion of (a ) 1200 mg. meprobamate, and, serving as their own controls, ( b ) matching placebos (lactose). Only one of the seven tasks gave indications of possibly significant effects. The six non-significant effects were found on: ( 1 ) Binocular accomodation, blur; (2 ) Binocular accomodation, recovery; ( 3 ) Color Form Attitude (preference of stimuli because of their color or shape); (4) Sander Illusion; ( 5 ) Mueller-Lyer Illusion; and (6) Autokinetic effect, latency (first appearance of motion of a white spot in a black visual field). Only on a stereoscopic test of color oscillation, in which two patches (2 X 2 in. sq.) of complementary colors were presented, 'one to each eye, and superimposed by the stereoscope, making for a situation of retinal rivalry, was a statistically significant result found. On this test, which consisted of two 1-min. viewing periods for each of two sets of primaries (red vs. green and blue vs. yellow), a 16% decrease in the number of reversals occurred under meprobamate as compared with placebo ( p < .02). (Eysenck's neurotic group scored significantly lower than his normal controls.) Because of the selective n a m e of this single result (one of seven t tests of significance compuced) and the small number of Ss tested, this possible tranquilizer effect on a perceptual task should be studied further before any conclusions are drawn.


Research nonexperimental, descriptive cross-sectional correlational design. On a sample of 30 children 5 years of age of a State Educational Institution of Ventanilla, Callao, Peru district. The variables oral language and phonological awareness levels were analyzed; ELO Ramos, Cuadrado and Fernandez (2008) and metalinguistic Skills Test - - THM Gomez, Valero, Buadas and Perez (1995) to gather data effects, Oral Language Assessment was used. The results reveal high significance in the correlation of oral language and phonological awareness levels. In turn, there was a strong correlation between syntactic aspect of oral language and phonological awareness in the first place; consecutively, between the semantic component and phonological awareness; auditory discrimination was the least correlated in all analyzes.


n 1980 half the world's industrial workers lived in Europe, North America and Japan, ie the imperialist nations. Since then, in just three decades, their numbers have declined in absolute terms by around a quarter, while the export-led expansion of the industrial workforce in low-wage countries has grown rapidly and now comprises 80 percent of the world's industrial workers. The scale and speed of this global shift, and even more so the form it has taken, are strong evidence of the significance of the outsourcing phenomenon. Yet, in "New Divisions of Labour in the Global Economy", published in


Abstract Mineral resource extraction has frequently caused social tensions in China. This research examines the reactive and pre-emptive strategies used by the Chinese state to cope with resource conflicts. Based on extensive fieldwork in multiple mining areas, we find that the Chinese local state actively mediates between the mining sector and local citizens, and skilfully suppresses collective protests. More importantly, it pre-emptively intervenes in dispute-prone processes and redistributes resource wealth to create vested interests and mitigate popular grievances. We argue that the active state intervention in resource conflicts in China is driven by the party-state's tight control of local officials, which prevents local capture by resource interests, and enabled by the party-state's deep reach into society, which allows grassroots governments to negotiate between conflicting interests and mobilize resources towards conflict resolution. 摘要 矿产资源开发在中国导致了频繁的社会冲突。本研究考察中国政府应对资源冲突的回应性及预防性策略。通过在中国多个矿区的深度调研, 我们发现, 中国地方政府会积极调解矿企与当地群众之间的矛盾并巧妙地压制集体抗议以解决资源冲突。此外, 地方政府更会采取预防性措施, 主动干预矿企与民众之间的交易以防纠纷的产生, 并且通过分享资源财富以赢得民心和化解民怨。我们认为, 中国地方政府之所以会积极干预资源冲突, 其动力和能力缺一不可。一方面, 中共政权对于地方官员的严格控制一定程度上遏制了地方政府与矿企的官商勾结, 自上而下的维稳压力是地方政府解决资源冲突的根本动力。另一方面, 中共党国体制对中国社会的深入掌控则赋予了基层政府在不同利益群体之间斡旋和调配资源以解决冲突的能力。


Together, Biological Soil Crust (BSC) and other cryptogamic groundcovers can contribute up to half of the global nitrogen (N) fixation. BSC also stabilizes the soil (reducing erosion and dust emissions), fixes carbon (C), retains moisture, and acts as a hotspot of microbial diversity and activity. Much of the knowledge about how climate change is affecting the composition and functioning of BSC comes from hot arid and semiarid regions. The comparatively smaller body of research on BSC from cold and mesic environments has been primarily observational, for example along chronosequences after a glacier retreat. Few studies have experimentally investigated the effects of the environment on BSC from high latitudes. Such experiments allow unraveling of relationships at a resolution that can only be achieved by controlling for confounding factors. We measured short-term (2-4 days) responses of a liverwort-based (Anthelia juratzkana) BSC from the south of Iceland to a range of temperature, moisture and light conditions. Warming increased N fixation rates, especially when moisture was at a saturation level, and only when light was not limiting. A correlation analysis suggests that increases in N fixation rates were linked to cyanobacterial abundance on the BSC surface and to the rates of their metabolic activity. Warming and moisture changes also induced compositional and structural modification of the bacterial community, with consequences at the functional level. In contrast to many observations on BSC from hot drylands, the BSC from our cold and mesic study site is more limited by low temperature and light than by moisture. Our findings show possible ways in which BSC from cold and mesic ecosystems can respond to short-term manifestations of climate change, such as increasingly frequent heat waves.


The paper measures the income distribution effects and welfare effects of VAT itself based on Chip2013 household income and expenditure microdata using the Gini coefficient, Suits index, and Theil index from the perspective of annual income and lifetime income, respectively, and the effective VAT rate. Taking provinces as the basic research unit, we use the first-right method, LISA time path, and Spatiotemporal leap to evaluate China's well-being level from 2010 to 2020 and analyze its Spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics. At present, most countries adopt a tax rate model with 1∼3 bands. The current VAT rate structure is "13% + 9% + 6%," which is in line with the international development trend. In the data preprocessing module, the HTTP(S) responses of non-IoT devices are first filtered out and then the text that may contain device information is extracted from the remaining HTTP(S) responses by integrating multidimensional features, and finally, the irrelevant strings in the text are filtered out. At the end of the paper, simulation experiments are designed to verify the function and performance of the identification information extraction system for this heritage connected device, and the results verify that the model identification method in this paper can achieve better identification results compared with existing methods. The results verify that the model recognition method in this paper can achieve better recognition results compared with existing methods.


The oldest metro in the world is London Underground in the UK. More than 80% of its existing 460 km was completed before 1908. In order to ensure that the metro can be run efficiently, a programme of improvements has commenced. Systems engineering was developed in order to address the complexity of renovation projects. Such complexity usually arises when projects are multidisciplinary in terms of the technologies required for their achievement and involve practical difficulties in their definition. The authors present a discussion of the systems engineering process which is based on the assumption that it would be applied by a system operator who is also the system design and integration authority.


CONTENTS Introduction Defining Biotechnology Traditional Biotechnology Molecular (Modern) Biotechnology Molecular Cloning Polymerase Chain Reaction Modern Biotechnological Approaches to Traditional Processes Phage Resistance Nisin Resistance Recombinant Chymosin Other Applications Agricultural Biotechnology Modification of Lipid Metabolism Alteration of a Major Fatty Acid Level Production of Unusual Fatty Acids Protein Modification Carbohydrate Modification The Gene Subtraction Approach Improving Food Quality Other Improvements The Benefits of Biotechnology Transformation Techniques in Plant Biotechnology Transgenic Animals Conclusion References TX68926.book Page 63 Monday, January 27, 2003 11:49 AM


Copper foil is one of the key materials in Li-ion battery and its qualities greatly affect the preparation and characters of Li-ion battery.Copper foil has become an important study field of Li-ion battery.The application,development and effect of copper foil on the preparation and characters of Li-ion battery are reviewed in this paper,and the development trend of the copper foil used for Li-ion battery is also discussed.


Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China Correspondence to: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Provenance and Peer Review: This article was commissioned by the editorial office, Annals of Translational Medicine. The article did not undergo external peer review. Comment on: Zhou ZR, Wang WW, Li Y, et al. In-depth mining of clinical data: the construction of clinical prediction model with R. Ann Transl Med 2019;7:796.


Introduction: Cambodia suffers very high rates of tuberculosis (TB). In 1994, Hospital Direct Observed Treatment (DOT), as recommended by WHO, was introduced. In 2002 ambulatory or health center DOT (HC-DOT) was implemented, requiring patients to come to the HC to take medicine with HC staff during the intensive phase. In 2005, community-based DOT (CDOT), using health volunteers in their own community, was implemented in some areas. This study compares CDOT and HC-DOT in terms of treatment success, case notification and acceptability. Methods: This thesis includes a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing CDOT to HC-DOT and Family-DOT; a controlled before-after quantitative study of the introduction of CDOT (1067 participants in 48 HCs with all TB forms were surveyed at the baseline in 2002/2003, as were 1297 in 2006/2007 two years after its introduction); and a qualitative study assessing its strengths, weaknesses and acceptability to HC staff, patients and CDOT watchers. Results: The meta-analysis from the systematic review shows that CDOT was at least as effective as HC-DOT (RR=1.05, Cl: 1.01-1.10), and treatment of smear-positive patients treated by CDOT is clearly better than for family-DOT (OR=1.33, Cl: 1.20-1.48) The quantitative study shows that in Cambodia the treatment success rates of patients treated with CDOT and HC-DOT are similar (OR=1.26, 95% Cl: 0.56-2.82). In the CDOT areas, the death rate among all TB patients was significantly reduced after its implementation (OR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.15-0.92) Most participants in the qualitative study felt CDOT was helpful particularly for very sick patients, and because it reduced travel costs and allowed patients to continue working. There was significant involvement of family members in both approaches. Conclusion: CDOT is as effective as HC-DOT for treatment success and case finding. Both approaches are well accepted. There remain problems which need to be addressed in order to improve outcomes


Last week, my next-door neighbour came to tell me that someone had collapsed on the street. Grabbing my first aid kit and running out, I felt an overwhelming sense of fear.


At present, most feature-based SLAM methods are based on feature points. But in indoor environments where texture is scarce and light varies greatly, these methods will reduce the accuracy of pose estimation or even lead to pose tracking failure. To tackle the above problem, we propose an improved RGB-D SLAM method which employs point-line-plane feature extraction and matching as well as Manhattan Frames-based rotation estimation. Finally, the proposed method is proven to have good reliability and robustness in open datasets and real indoor scenes.


Data Dissemination is the distribution of data/statistics to the end users. With the adoption of Internet of Drones (IoD) environment for data dissemination, an efficient scheme is proposed which provides data integrity, identity anonymity, authentication, authorization, accountability (AAA) to the system model. We propose a system model having Ethereum based public blockchain distributed network in order to secure drone communication for the data collection and transmission. The proposed model provides secure communication between the drones and the users in a decentralized way. In this paper, blockchain technology is used for the storage of collected data from the drones and update the information into the distributed ledgers to reduce the burden of drones. It also provides integrity, authentication, and authorization to the collected data by the drones in the system model. Motivated by this consideration, the goal of this paper is threefold. First, we select a forger node from the number of drones. Second, we create blocks and validate their processes. Third, we provide secure data dissemination by applying Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism. Afterward, we evaluate the security of the presented system model compared against the corresponding ones of some state-of-the-art in terms of communication time/cost. The results confirm that our system model is reliable and scalable for data dissemination in the IoD environment.


Coarse index theory has been introduced by John Roe. It provides a theory to use tools from C∗-algebras to get information about the geometry of non-compact manifolds via index theory of Dirac type operators. Through the passage to the universal covering one also gets important information about compact manifolds, and indeed, the Baum-Connes assembly map becomes part of this theory. In the lecture series, we discuss the basic constructions of the theory and three particular applications: to partitioned manifolds (as introduced by Roe), to enlargeable manifolds (as defined by Gromov and Lawson [1]) and to "the passage from the positive scalar curvature exact sequence to analysis. Along the way, we discuss several new index theorems. Many of the basics are due to John Roe and Nigel Higson [10] (Kommentar: Abstract: perhaps remove references, but move then (completed!) to a later place in the introduction), the new results are joint with Hanke, Kotschick, Roe [4], Hanke and Pape [5], and with Paolo Piazza [21]. Outline of the course We first introduce the basic players: we start with a positive dimensional spin manifold X, assign to it the Roe algebras C∗(X) ⊂ D∗(X). Using an direct and easy construction in C∗-algebras, one defines the Roe-index of the Dirac operator in K∗(C ∗(X)). If the manifold has positive scalar curvature, this index vanishes. Instead, one gets a secondary invariant ρ(g) ∈ K∗(D ∗(X)) which contains information about the positive scalar curvature metric (and can, e.g., distinguish between different components of the space of all such metrics). We will develop this as a recurring theme: a geometric reason for the vanishing of an index should indeed always give rise to a secondary invariant which gives new information about the space. ∗e-mail: email@example.com www: http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/schick


Referee 1: I found this paper very timely and well written. The quality of the data seems excellent. The figures seem of good quality and the statistics are also sound. I would like to suggest that reviewers perhaps include some comparisons, just a few sentences, with river delivery of carbon in passive margins. However, there are a few places where such comparison would bring a broader view of carbon delivery by global rivers into perspective, rather than just mountainous rivers.


Along with increases in global warming and air pollution, increased asthma prevalence has been reported in most Westernized regions. Air pollutants enhance IgE-mediated response to aeroallergens and increased airway inflammation. Climate changes including global warming have impact on asthma in a variety of ways. Many epidemiologic studies have shown that climate factors including temperature and humidity influence the severity of symptoms and exacerbation in asthmatic patients. Climate changes can lead to deterioration of air pollution and increase the production and allergenicity of pollens which can enhance airway inflammation. In asthmatic patients, health effects from air pollution and climate changes are complex and may be difficult to assess separately. Herein, recent studies on air pollution and climate factors in asthma are reviewed. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2018;6:79-84)


In this paper, an accurate approach for vehicle counting in videos using Mask R-CNN and KLT tracker is proposed. Vehicle detection is performed for each N frames using Mask R-CNN instance segmentation model. This model outperforms other deep learning models that using bounding box detection as it provides a segmentation mask for each detected object, the outperformance comes up clearly in cases of occlusions. Once the objects are detected, their corner points are extracted and tracked. An efficient method is introduced to assign point trajectories to their corresponding detected vehicles. The proposed counting algorithm distinguishes precisely between the new vehicles and the counted ones. The experiments performed on diverse challenging videos show excellent results compared to state-of-the-art counting methods.


A mathematical model is presented for numerical simulation of the fluid transients in the return line during the decompression operation of a hydraulic system. Particular attention has been paid to clarification of the influence of gas diffusion on the fluid transients because in such a system, part of the separation cavity consists of a gas-liquid two-phase flow containing a number of minute gas (air) bubbles. Experiments using sump oil and deaerated oil as a test fluid showed that the generation mechanism of the separation cavity and the fluid transients are significantly affected by the gas diffusion.


The objective of this study was to test the effect of feeding papaya leaf (PL) on rumen microbial population, fermentation characteristics, blood fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity in goats. Three rumen fistulated male goats were assigned in a 3×3 latin square design using three levels of PL: no addition of PL in basal diet (control, CON, 50% concentrate + 50% alfalfa hay), 25% of alfalfa hay in basal diet replaced by PL (medium PL, MPL) and 50% of alfalfa hay in basal diet replaced by PL (high PL, HPL). Rumen fluid and blood plasma were sampled from the animals at the end of feeding trial (third week). Papaya leaf treatments (MPL and HPL) showed significant differences (p<0.05) in terms of rumen fermentation parameters as compared to the CON group at different times of measurement. The concentration of methanogenic archaea (log10cell/L) decreased (p<0.05) in both PL treatment groups as compared with CON group at all sampling times. The concentration of α-linolenic acid and total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were also higher (p<0.05) in the blood of goats fed PL especially HPL, compared to the CON. Blood plasma malondialdehyde concentration (mM/mL) of PL treatment groups showed a significant reduction as compared with CON. Supplementation of PL allowed the modulation of rumen characteristics which might represent a feeding strategy to reduce methane emission by directly inhibiting methanogens while improving the health benefits of ruminant products.


vehicle Vibration & Noise is evaluated by Sound Pressure Level in cavity. In order to reducing Solll1d Pressure Level. Vehicle vibration is to reduce. Vehicle Vibration is affected by engine force, road profile and Structure of Vehicle etc. Engine force and road profile is impossible to change, so to reduce SPL(Sound Pressure Profile) is to lower level of panel vibration. After running normal mode analysis, Mode shapes showed that which modes were global or local. Modal participation to SPL(Sound Pressure Level) got firm Modal Participation factor analysis. But the contribution of panel vibration to SPL was not found
This paper focuses on how to get contribution of panel vibration. Sensitive position of panel was found by applying acoustic reciprocity. To verify results, mass was added to sensitive panel position. SPL was reduced after mass was added. Also similar result got firm result of modal participation factor analysis.
This method is applicable to predict position of sensitive panel vibration.


In 1972 the UK signed an accession treaty with the EU while Switzerland and the EU concluded a free trade agreement. Nowadays, both countries have a very close relationship with the EU and are not (or not anymore) EU Member States. This article aims to analyse two complex legal paths taken by countries able but not willing (or no longer willing) to be part of the EU through institutional arrangements they have already negotiated or are currently negotiating with the EU. On the one hand, the UK was part of the EU legal order and is now extracting itself from the realm of EU law while switching to relations with the EU based on international law. On the other hand, Switzerland has built its relations with the EU on numerous bilateral agreements based on EU law without establishing a homogeneous institutional mechanism, which the EU has been insistently demanding since 2013. These two situations are paradoxically similar as for both of them the design of institutional arrangements depends on the degree of integration with/extraction from EU law. A comparison between the EU–UK withdrawal agreement, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) and the EU–Switzerland draft institutional agreement, as proposed in this article, confirms that the degree of institutional flexibility that the EU is able to offer to a third country with which it concludes an agreement is dependent on whether that agreement is based on EU law, and in particular, EU internal market law. This article argues that depending on the nature of law the agreement is based on, from an EU perspective variations in the role of Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and/or of an arbitral tribunal may make sense, but this is not the case when one takes an outside perspective.


OBJECTIVE To optimize preparation technology of Tianyin capsules.METHODS The extraction process was studied by orthogonal experimental design as guided by the yield of extract and the content of gastrodin,total flavonoids,ginkgolides as measuring index.Granulating conditions was studied.RESULTS The optimal extraction conditions:70 ℃,and extracted 2 times by 70% ethanol.The time for each extraction was 2 h.The first time used 12 times alcohol,while the second used 8 times alcohol.Wetting agent was 75% alcohol,extraction powder:adjuvant was 1:1.CONCLUSION The preparation procedure is stable and feasible,it could be used for the preparation of Tianyin capsule.


Low angle tracking has been widely studied to solve multipath effect which can be a serious problem in radar systems. Zoltowski suggested a 3-D beamspace maximum likelihood estimation scheme which can simply find the angle of arrival (AOA) of a target from a quadratic equation. However, this scheme has drawbacks such as fixed beam pattern and relatively high sidelobe. This paper proposes a new beamforming scheme using the linearly constrained adaptive arrays. The proposed scheme generates a beam pattern which can overcome previous scheme by providing low sidelobe using adaptive structure resulting robust estimation. Numerical results are provided to show the improved performances.


The mnemonic 'FAST HUG' 1 was proposed almost five years ago by Jean-Louis Vincent as a way of assisting healthcare workers looking after critically ill patients. The mnemonic stands for: Feeding, Analgesia, Sedation, Thromboembolic prophylaxis, Head-of-bed elevation, Ulcer prophylaxis, and Glucose control. All the components are evidence-based and have been used the world over. Although there has not been a study of the concept of FAST HUG as a bundle for critical care, common sense would dictate that rigorously using a package of proven therapies can only enhance outcomes. However, while I embrace the concept, I have since noticed that on its own, it misses fundamental aspects of critical care, which are equally important. Often simple things like fluid balance, investigation results, constipation, and other treatments are overlooked to the patient's detriment. With the current medical training programme whereby sometimes very junior trainees review patients, or in very busy units, it is vital that a simple, comprehensive systematic approach to reviewing a critically ill patient is engendered. I propose a small extension to Vincent's mnemonic to: 'FAST HUG FAITH'. FAITH is a mnemonic for Fluid balance, Aperients, Investigation and results, Therapies, and Hydration.


The prelingually, profoundly hearing-impaired reader of English is at an immediate disadvantage in that he or she must read an orthography that was designed to represent the phonological structure of English. Can the deaf reader become aware of this structure in the absence of significant auditory input? Evidence from studies with deaf college students will be considered. These studies indicate that successful deaf readers do appreciate the phonological structure of words and that they exploit this knowledge in reading. The finding ofphonological processing by these deaf readers makes a strong case for the importance of phonological sensitivity in the acquisition of skilled reading, whether in hearing readers or deafreaders.


Opportunities exist to reduce artificial lighting in manufacturing facilities which have skylights and/or fenestration that provide sufficient quantities of daylight to the work space. Using photometric sensors to measure the illuminance in the space, artificial lights can be automatically switched off during periods when sufficient daylight is available. Daylighting controls used in commercial buildings often use dimmable ballasts with fluorescent lights. Most fluorescent lighting used in manufacturing facilities use high output ballasts which are nondimmable. The preferred method for reducing artificial lighting output is to switch the lamps off. For multi-lamp fixtures such as six-lamp Super T8's, ballast/lamp configurations are either 2-4 or 3-3, thus giving rise to various stages of lighting reduction. This paper examines these lighting control strategies for a 90,000 square foot manufacturing facility in Iowa. Using the EnergyPlus building energy simulation code, annual lighting energy savings associated with utilization of daylighting were computed for the building. Results showed that the 24 switching control strategy provided better energy reduction opportunity compared to 3-3 switching control.


Failures in corporate governance of many major US corporations in 2002 suggest that it may be useful to fundamentally rethink the structure of institutions of accounting, auditing, corporate governance and executive compensation. Replacement of the system of authoritative standards by a competitive, common law approach to accounting principles and rules may help shift the focus of financial reporting from form to substance. Following some key Supreme Court rulings, the quality of auditing declined under the governmental push to increase competition in that industry beginning with the late seventies, pushing audit firms to peddle consulting services to their clients for economic survival. Restoring the high quality of audit may require radical reorganization of the audit function, such as bundling it with insurance. The protection of minority interest by the board of directors and the control of runaway executive compensation are two other problems whose solution may require structural, not just procedural, changes.


4-(Thiophen-3-yl)-aniline undergoes condensation with o-vanillin to form an ONS donor Schiff base, 2-methoxy-6-[(4-thiophene-3-yl-phenylimino)-methyl]-phenol, which forms complexes of the type [ML2]H2O (where M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd). These complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, 1H nmr, electronic, mass, and IR spectroscopies and conductance measurements. The electronic, IR and CHN data are supportive of a 4-coordinate tetrahedral geometry for Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) complexes and square-planar geometry for Cu(II) and Pd(II) complexes, with the chromophores N2O2. The magnetic data reveals that the complexes are magnetically dilute and mononuclear with exception of the Cu(II) complex, which exhibits some anti-ferromagnetisms. The complexes are air-stable solids, and none is an electrolyte in nitro methane.