OBJECTIVE To develop an RP-HPLC method for determining the C_(0) and C_(2)of_()cyclosporine A(CsA) in renal transplant patients whole blood.METHODS Detection was performed on SB-C_(18) column with acetonitrile-methanol-isopropanol-water (58∶18∶1∶23) as mobile phase.Detecting wavelength was 208 nm;The flow rate was(1.4 mL)·min~(-1) and column temperature was(70℃).RESULTS The calibration curve was linear in the concentrations ranged from(51.25) to(1 230 μg)·L~(-1)(r=(0.999 3)).Absolute recovery of CsA was(77.1%)~(90.2%),the inter-day RSD was less than 10%(n=6) and the intra-day RSD was less than(11.5%)(n=6).CONCLUSION The method is simple and reliable and can be applied to determine the C_(0) and C_(2)concentration of CsA in whole blood of patients receiving transplantation.


The objective conflict between traffic engineering in native network and overlay routing in overlay network influences the efficiency and stability of network.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a cooperative game model for traffic engineering and overlay routing based on Trustworthy and Controllable Network,which converted the objective conflict problem between traffic engineering and overlay routing into a Nash Bargaining Problem.The Pareto optimal solution to the problem is given,and the configurations to traffic engineering and overlay routing are completed at one time.Comparing with the prior methods,this model improves the efficiency of network by the Pareto optimal solution;and because the model completes the configurations to native traffic and overlay routing at one time,it completely avoids the route flaps caused by the continuous interaction between traffic engineering and overlay routing,and improves the stability of the network.The experiment result has verified that the method has better performance than prior methods.


The competitiveness between institutions and companies generates the need to cheapen products and services and facilitate their production. Thus, several companies establish partnerships with specialized university laboratories in order to promote the optimization of their processes. These laboratories, in order to guarantee their reliability, often resort to the application of technical standards and the obtaining of international certifications. This paper aims to discuss the relevance of international certifications by research laboratories by report a case study from a laboratory of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. The results of the implementation of the quality management system of Laboratory for Macromolecules and Colloids in the Petroleum Industry (LMCP) are presented, where excellent satisfaction results were obtained, as well as a very small number of failures, demonstrating that the system is effective, which generates more and more customers and carry out increasingly sophisticated research. As perspectives it is expected that the quality management system can increase the number of collaborations and high-quality service delivery between industry and the LMCP.


The reasons of the faulty vibration of the NO.1 bearings of the four domestically-made 300 MW units in Zhanjiang Power Plant are found out,and the problem of steam-flow excitation is analyzed.The countermeasures adopted in operation are put forward as well as the relevant maintenance suggestions,which provide reference on vibration analysis for units of the same type.


The induction period is considered one of the most difficult in a teacher's career. In Israel, support systems for beginning teachers (BTs) include a learning community (LC) and a mentoring process, over a 2-year period. The study was based on self-determination theory and examined how support for BTs' psychological needs and exploration from the LC facilitator and teacher-mentor contributed to their functioning. The study was conducted over 2 years during which BTs participated in LCs and were accompanied by a teacher-mentor. Questionnaires were administered to Bedouin-Arab and Jewish teachers, 308 interns in the first year, and 205 new teachers in the second. Results of SEM analysis indicated that supporting BTs' needs and exploration by LC facilitators in both years predicted their autonomous motivation, which in turn predicted positive feelings and satisfaction in the LC. The LC facilitators' support also predicted the BTs' autonomous motivation in teaching, which was also predicted by the teacher-mentors' support. This in turn positively predicted the BTs' sense of competence and self-actualization, and negatively predicted burnout. In both years, autonomous motivation mediated the association between the support the BTs received, and teacher outcomes in the LC and school. No significant differences were found between the two cultures. The effects found in the second year are above and beyond the effects of support from the LC facilitators and teacher-mentors in the first year. The study indicates the importance of combining multiple induction programs over time and highlights the importance of supporting BTs' needs during the induction period.


Objective:To observe the clinical curative effect of Xiaotong Powder fomentation combined with electro acupuncture in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.Methods:120 cases of lumbar disc herniation were randomly and equally divided into the treatment group and the control group.The control group were treated with electroacupuncture combined with TDP irradiation,while the treatment group were treated with Xiaotong Powder fomentation based on the treatment of the control group.The two groups were treated for 3 courses,with 7 days as a course.visual analogue scale(VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of pain,observing the onset time of effi cacy and comparing the clinical effi cacy of the two groups.Results:In the treatment group,18 cases were cured,23 cases showed marked effi cacy,12 cases improved,and 7 cases showed ineffi cacy,the curative rate being 68.33% and the overall effective rate being 88.33%;while in the control group,11 cases were cured,17 cases showed marked effi cacy,20 cases improved,and 12 cases showed ineffi cacy,the curative rate being 46.67% and the overall effective rate being 80.00%.Comparing the two groups,the difference was statistically signifi cant(P 0.05).The difference of pain scores between the two groups after treatment was statistically signifi cant(P 0.05);the difference of the onset time between two groups was statistically significant(P 0.05). Conclusion:Xiaotong Powder fomentation combined with electro acupuncture showed a good clinical curative effect in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and could effectively shorten the course of treatment.


To investigate the use of night splints for the treatment of plantar fasciitis and the current evidence regarding their ability to affect symptoms associated with plantar fasciitis.


The user-cell association mechanism is one of the important research topics for radio resource management in heterogeneous wireless networks. Existing studies mainly concerned the physical performance such as throughput and SINR, and ignore the upper layer users demand. For avoiding blindness of pursuing higher data rate and achieving more rational user-cell association, a novel method is proposed to associate users with heterogeneous traffic to small cell base stations (SBSs) based on user quality of experience (QoE). The user-cell association problem is formulated as a distributed transfer-matching game between SBSs and users to address the sum-QoE maximization problem. Furthermore, an effective distributed cooperative transfer-matching self-optimizing algorithm, roulette transfer matching algorithm, is designed for exploring the stable point of the game. It is proved that the proposed algorithm can converge to a stable solution and find the optimal two-sided transfer matching. Numerical experiments are presented to validate the proposed scheme and show the improvement for the system performance and fairness.


In a previous paper, we have described a method to perform Fixed-Node Quantum Monte Carlo calculations for lattice fermions. In this paper, we present an extension of this method, by which it is possible to find information on the properties of the exact ground-state wave function. We give some further illustrations of the FNMC and the extended methods.


It remains unclear whether sex differences exist during the development of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation associated with obesity. The purpose of this study was to clarify sex differences in the occurrence of senescence-related T cells (CD44high PD-1+ CD4+), which play a key role in the progression of VAT inflammation associated with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Phase I: C57BL/6N mice were fed either a control diet (HFC) or HFD from 5 weeks. The area under the curve of the oGTT was maximal at 15 weeks in HFD-fed males and at 21 weeks in females. At 17 weeks, VAT weights were similar, but an increase in the number of macrophages in the VAT was observed only in HFD-fed males. In addition, the numbers of regulatory and senescence-related T cells were consistently higher in males than in females. Phase II and III: Six-week-old female mice were randomly divided into sham-operation and bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) groups and fed either HFC or HFD from 7 weeks. OVX mice were subjected to 17β-estradiol releasing or placebo pellet implantation and fed HFC. Body and VAT weights were higher in the OVX group than the Sham. The number of macrophages did not change in the OVX group with either diet. HFC-fed OVX mice exhibited high senescence-related T cells in the VAT, resembling HFC-fed male mice. This change was abolished by 17β-estradiol replacement. Thus, we demonstrated different accumulation patterns of VAT immune cells between the sexes, revealing a role for estrogen in the appearance of senescence-related T cells.


flicker sensible beings. Some devices are less sensible, mainly those with inductive series reactances, which naturally block higher frequencies and their modulating effect. On the other hand, according to the same reference, electronic compact lamps show high sensitivity even up to the fifth and seventh harmonic modulation. As it was stressed in the paper's conclusions, that in order to capture the harmonics contribution to flicker, it is necessary to use a sufficiently high sampling frequency for the input signal to include the corresponding harmonics and interharmonics in the anti-aliasing bandwidth. Since this is not specially recommended in the IEC standards, part of the effective flicker sensation caused by harmonics amplitude fluctuations may not be measured by the standard instrument. Finally, the authors appreciate the discussor's updating the mentioned standards. Since the original version of this paper was submitted in early 1999, the mentioned editions did not exist, as well as much of the added references.


A model of formation, development, and acoustic properties of the bubble cloud resulting from an underwater explosion is presented. The model includes several parts: explosion globe dynamics, initial break-up of the explosion globe, turbulence created by the explosion globe fragmentation, and further break-up of the bubbles by the turbulence. The time history of the bubble cloud properties is calculated under the assumption of the cloud being a collection of non-interacting bubbles. Model results are compared with the available experimental data.


This paper focuses on the investigation of detrimental UV induced effects during fourth harmonic generation (FHG) in BBO crystals. An accumulation of partly recoverable UV two-photon induced optical defects has been observed in the 140 s train generated by frequency quadrupled 1.5 GHz Nd:YLF laser with about 300 W UV power per train, even for a relatively low peak pulse intensity of about 100 MW/cm2. BBO crystals with length of 4.2, 8.5 and 12 mm have been tested. In a shorter crystal less distortion have been observed for the same UV output power. Although the growth of optical defects is attributed to the UV two-photon absorption, the already accumulated defects lead to a linear absorption of green and UV co-propagating pulses which in turn results in train envelope degradation due to deterioration of a phase-matching and thermal beam distortion. The UV beam exhibited focusing behavior on a short distance (crystal length) which cannot be explained by temperature dependence of BBO refractive indexes. The UV beam focusing is addressed as a strong photo-elastic effect, caused by the stress induced by essentially non-uniform temperature distribution inside the beam propagation volume.


This paper combining the situation facing the military task,to the army of the transformation and upgrade of hospital construction practical experience for strategic thinking.To put forward ideas launched,pilot promotion,classification guidance,practical,comprehensively promote army hospital security functions,the development model,developing power,management mode,service concept of change,realize the transformation and upgrading of military hospital,scientific development.


literature is the apparent uniform nature of the Ethiopian binding style. The three most common characteristics are: sewn boards, a method of attachment in which the thread used for sewing the sections is also sewn through board and serves as the connection between text block and cover; text blocks with no square, meaning that the text block and cover boards have the same height and width dimensions; and paired sewing stations. The paired sewing stations in Ethiopian bindings are a result of a needle placed on each end of a piece of sewing thread. The result is separate groupings of link stitch sewing with two sewing stations per grouping, one for each needle. The path of the thread is not all along as is common to the western tradition. Instead, each grouping progresses independently up the spine. For example, in a book with four stations, the most common number found in Ethiopian sewing, there is no thread that connects stations one and two to stations three and four; they are not joined in any way. A book with four stations will be sewn with four needles. The sections of conservation literature devoted to discussion of Ethiopian sewing emphasize the paired stations. In a 1962 article in the journal Library, Berthe van Regemorter (87) states:


Electromagnetic exploration plays an important role in the development of mineral, oil and gas resources and other minerals. With the improvement of exploration depth and longitudinal resolution, as well as the increasing humanistic interference in modern society, the electromagnetic exploration method put forward higher requirements. Improving the signal to noise ratio is the key to the development of electromagnetic exploration. Since the pseudo-random sequence is proposed as an artificial field source in the exploration of electromagnetic field, the pseudo-random technique based on correlation identification is also applied to the exploration of electromagnetic method in view of the good correlation characteristics and anti -jamming ability of pseudo-random sequence. In this paper, the principle of correlation identification is introduced, and the realization of correlation spectrum analysis in Lab View is studied. The 2n sequence pseudorandom signal is used as system excitation signal to verify the anti-jamming performance of correlation identification method in electromagnetic prospecting. It has great application prospect.


Cultural heritage contains the unique thinking ways, value systems and emotional patterns of mankind, so it is a very valuable asset of humanity. How to evaluate the the value of cultural heritage tourism resources objectively and reasonably is an important basis for protecting and utilizing cultural heritage correctly. This paper first analysises the significance of evaluation, then builds the system of evaluation elements, finally evaluates the elements systematically, comprehensively and quantitatively. This paper provides important information and scientific basis for the exploituring and protecting of cultural heritage tourism resources.


The northwest of China is currently facing dual pressures and a series of challenges with three major characteristics. First, the Western Region Development Strategy has been implementing for ten years, and basic infrastructures necessary for regional rapid development have been progressively completed, such as transportation and electricity. Second, the international financial crisis breaking out in 2007 has leaded resources and traditional industries of the northwest areas to a grim situation. Third, China is currently facing an increasing pressure on CO2 emission reductions, so is the northwest areas. Therefore, on the one hand, it is time for the northwest areas to strive for development rights to maintain regional and local economy prosperous; to this end, it is inevitable to increase CO2 emissions. On the other hand, it is also necessary for the northwest areas to contribute to China's CO2 emission reductions. In the present study, the authors documented the quantitative and structural evolutions of CO2 emissions of Shaanxi province in the northwest areas since 1949, and analyzed in detail the primary factors affecting changes in CO2 emissions from the aspects of GDP, industrial structure, consumption characteristics, energy consumption structure and efficiency. Then, in consideration of Shaanxi province's current situations, it was indicated that low-carbon development should be taken in the future. Measures for low-carbon development should be taken from both carbon sources and carbon absorption, including five aspects, i.e., agriculture, industry, service industry, living style, and CO2 absorption. Low-carbon development generally embodies following components: 1) creating an organic, ecological, and efficient new agriculture; 2) optimizing the industrial and energy structure, and improving energy efficiency; 3) focusing on the both ends of industrial chains, and developing modern service industry actively; 4) advocating green consumption, and creating low-carbon life; and 5) planting trees and grass to fix carbon element and expand carbon absorption. The results of this paper would provide meaningful reference theoretically and practically for saving energy, reducing CO2 emissions and promoting sustainable development for China, particularly for the northwest areas.


An experiment of 100 days duration was conducted to test the effect of Microcystis aeruginosa in Labeo rohita against Aeromonas hydrophila. The rohu fingerlings (22 ± 2 g) were fed with the experimental diets incorporated with different concentrations of M. aeruginosa @ 0 g kg-1, 0.5 g kg-1, 1 g kg-1 and 5 g kg-1. Replicate groups of fish were fed for three month daily @4% body weight. At an interval of 30 days blood and serum samples were assayed for different haematological [total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin] and biochemical [blood glucose, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] parameters. Significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased haemoglobin content and TLC was observed in Microcystis treated group. It was observed that the serum AST activity was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased to all the treated groups of fish as compared to control on entire assay period. Serum ALT activity was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different to all the treated groups of fish on day 60, on day 90 and on day 10 (except group B) bacterial post challenge as compared to control. After 90 days, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila and mortality (%) was recorded up to day 10 post challenge. Highest percentage of survival (72%) was noticed in the group fed 1.0 g Microcystis kg-1 dry diet. The present study suggests that the administration of bluegreen algae, Microcystis aeruginosa supplementation diets for 100 days protects the hematological and biochemical parameters in L. rohita from A. hydrophila.


Researchers at the Socio-Behavioral Group of the Mental Retardation Research Center at the University of California, Los Angeles, have completed 25 working papers in which they discuss life experiences of mentally retarded individuals from a cultural perspective. Many of the papers contain insights pertinent to anthropologists investigating school settings. In this article, I will present a history and review of the work of the Socio-Behavioral Group and discuss the papers most directly pertinent to educational researchers. The roots of the research reviewed here go back to the early 1960s with anthropologist Robert Edgerton's two-year study of mentally retarded individuals (1967). At the time, mental health practitioners in California had begun a process of "deinstitutionalization" of the retarded, releasing inmates from their institutions into smaller community facilities or homes. A follow-up study conducted by Edgerton 12 years later indicated the individuals were functioning competently and showed little dependence on benefactors. In the early 1970s, Edgerton and others established the Socio-Behavioral Group to conduct long-term studies of mentally retarded individuals. They also began a new study of the experiences of retarded individuals living in community residential facilities. The results of this research indicated that the lives of mentally retarded individuals in these small scale institutions were "unnecessarily restricted":


Nanowires (NWs) have attracted considerable interests for electronic and optoelectronic device applications. However, the carrier transport mechanisms in these NW devices have not been well understood. Here we present the electron transport of ZnO NWs field effect transistors (FETs). Our results show that the electron transport of ZnO NW FETs is governed by the space charge limited model at temperatures below a trap temperature. Above the trap temperature, the electron transport is thermionic emission dominated. Based on the space charge limited model, an accurate method is developed for field effect mobility extraction. The extracted electron carrier mobility is strongly dependent on temperature with a peak value of 51 cm2/Vs at 167 K. Under the space-charge limited transport, the field mobility is lower in comparison with the values extracted from the thermionic emission model. The electron mobility due to space charge scattering has a value of 483 cm2/Vs at the trap temperature with temperature dependence of T4 ~ 5. The interface state density between the back gate dielectric and ZnO NWs is in the range 9.03×106/cm-8.72×107/cm at temperatures ranging from 77 to 227 K.


Taking the retractable roof structure of national tennis court "diamond stadium" as the analysis object,the effects of trolley horizontal stiffness on structure natural vibration characteristics and seismic responses of the retractable roof were comparatively studied using the finite element software SAP2000.The results showed that,with trolley horizontal stiffness decreasing,the structure natural period of vibration increased,and the horizontal and vertical displacements of the retractable roof track beam decreased,correspondingly.In addition,the trolley horizontal stiffness can influence the axial force of fixed roof and retractable roof bars,and it is more obvious on the fixed roof bars axial force.Therefore,the influence of the trolley horizontal stiffness should be considered in design and application of this kind of structure.


This paper uses a game-theoretic approach to analyze the taxation of interest income in Europe in the presence of tax evasion. The model allows the authors to assess the success of various reform proposals. They argue that the tax treatment of nonresidents' interest income plays a crucial role. When decisions on discrimination and on withholding tax rates are made noncooperatively, the outcome is similar to a prisoners dilemma. All countries discriminate but, in equilibrium, internationally mobile portfolio capital evades taxation successfully. In contrast, if all governments did not discriminate, tax competition leads to less tax evasion.


This paper presents an empirically deduced cognitive map of attitudes towards technology and innovation of middle managers in manufacturing industries. The map sheds light on possible individual-level factors for the formation of technological trajectories and the continuing technological gap between developed and developing countries, and suggests ways to manage managerial understanding of technology and innovation.


BACKGROUND The functional state of the masticatory system is best assessed by evaluating the bite force. The level of Maximum Bite Force (MBF) results from the combined action of the jaw elevator muscles; is modified by jaw biomechanics and reflex mechanisms. The measurement of bite force can provide useful data for the evaluation of jaw muscle function and activity. It is also an adjunctive value in assessing the performance of dentures or dental prosthesis. The bite force result depends on a number of factors, such as presence of pain and temporomandibular disorders, gender, age, craniofacial morphology and occlusal factors. In addition to these physiological factors, recording devices and techniques are important factors in bite force measurement. This article describes a device designed to measure patient jaw force that is accurate, simple and highly modular. We have vividly explained in detail about the development of a bite force device, Gnathodynamometer in this study. The device reported here represents the physiological use of a mechanical measuring device that has enhanced for human oral usage where it can be used to assess the complex function of human bite force and functional response of various cranio-mandibular structures associated with it. The functional status of the masticatory system is determined by assessing the bite force. The biting force is generated by the action of the associated musculature of mandible and maxilla, ultimately transmitted through the teeth on the material which is being bitten or chewed. (1) The variation in the MBF values depends on many subject related as well as technically related factors. (2) Individual factors may be biomechanical, physiological and craniofacial morphological variable such as bite position, bite rise and unilateral or bilateral biting, of dentition, functional of masticatory system head posture at the time of


This research aims to investigate the effects of vibration amplitude in vibratory stress relief (VSR) on the fatigue strength of structures with residual stress. Experiments are carried out on specimens with residual stress generated by local heating. Flat specimens made of A36 steel are prepared to be suitable for setting up fatigue bending tests on a vibrating table. Several groups of samples are subjected to VSR at resonant frequencies with different acceleration amplitudes. The results show that VSR has an important influence on the residual stress and fatigue limit of steel specimens. The maximum residual stress in the samples is reduced about 73% when the amplitude of vibration acceleration is 57 m/s2. The VSR method can also improve the fatigue limit by up to 14% for steel samples with residual stress.


Giant machine is the main concept of Manford's technology philosophy.He observes that the human being's social structure is a giant machine.Single technology is human being's survival way.So he analyzes the giant machine from the view of technology origin.Finally he has got a conclusion that we must restore human being's subject initiative,return to life,and then the relationship of human being and technology can be developed harmoniously.


As a journalist, I attend a number of medical congresses annually. Over the last few months, the health benefits of 'mindfulness' meditation keep featuring on the agendas at these events. What is mindfulness and what are some of the benefits?


We show that the spatial dimensionality of the quantum critical point associated with Bose-Einstein condensation at T=0 is reduced when the underlying lattice comprises layers coupled by a frustrating interaction. Our theoretical predictions for the critical behavior correspond very well with recent measurements in BaCuSi(2)O(6) [ S. E. Sebastian et al., Nature (London) 441, 617 (2006)].


Through hole, reflow THR is a technique that allows through-hole components to be soldered, together with SMD (Surface Mount Device) in the same reflow soldering process. The investigation results of lead-free THR manufacturing process were shown in this paper. The test boards containing different SMT passive and active components as well as components dedicated to the THR technique were used in the investigation. The influence of solder paste printing process as well as lead-free reflow soldering process on solder joints quality were reported. The obtained results have shown that parameters of the both above-mentioned processes are the most crucial in SMT containing THR technique.


In the accretion disks of quiescent dwarf novae, Doppler mapping studies reveal that Balmer emission lines increase sharply toward the center of the disk, with surface brightnesses scaling roughly as R exp {minus}3/2 varies as Omega(Kep). Similarly, among chromospherically active stars the H-alpha and Ca II H and K emission cores are stronger in the more rapidly rotating stars, with surface brightnesses scaling again roughly as Omega(rot). Since in both cases the emission lines scale linearly with the rotation frequency, it is proposed that the mechanism powering the emission lines in quiescent accretion disks is the same as that in chromospherically active stars, namely, the emergence of magnetic flux generated by the action of a dynamo, and its interaction with the atmosphere. If this empirical connection between disks and stars is in fact due to magnetic dynamos, the range of rotation rates available for testing dynamo theories expands from a factor of 1000 to 10 to the 7th. 38 refs.


A spatiotemporal patterns analysis of a network with 20 Qilian juniper(Juniperus przewalskii)tree ring-width chronologies from 5 slopes along a west-east gradient in the Anyemaqen Mountains on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetn Plateau was performed by means of chronology statistics.Higher SNR and EPS values implied the more climatic information in these chronologies.Most correlations among standard chronologies taken in pairs are significant,with the mean correlation coefficient for all sites being 0.35,indicating that environment condition was consistency.The result of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis showed two well-defined groups at large,corresponding to the two groups,the eastern and the western.Scatter plots of component loadings indicated that stands growing in a similar climate environment are most important on variability of radial growth.The first component of chronologies in east-west regions implied that the center of Qilian juniper(Juniperus przewalskii)growing transplants eastwards along the Anyemaqen Mountains and the eigenvalues(narrow years)tree-growth in the western and the eastern Anyemaqen were synchronous.Correlation between the first principal component(PC1)and the second principal component(PC2)and the climatic factors revealed similarity and differences in radial growth along the west-east gradient in the study area,nevertheless the difference of PC2 is more prominent.Temperature was the main limiting factor to tree growth PC1 in the western Anyemaqen,especially the impact of current late spring and early summer the most significant,and Precipitation was very importance to tree growth,but precipitation was mainly limiting factor of tree growth PC2.Temperature and precipitation held definite commutative.


ABSTRACT This research aims to determine how relationship there or not family support with study result in Competence Program  Technic Drawing Building SMK Negeri 1 Pariaman. The variabel is relationship family support with study result in Competence Technic Drawing Building SMK Negeri 1 Pariaman. The population is student class X SMK Negeri 1 total 64 responden. The Sampel in this research using proporsional random sampling total 55 responden. The instrumen in this research using questionaire with 5 choice answer in skala likert. The total expression is 22 item. Technic analisis data consist from Normalitas Test , Linieritas Test and Hipotesis Test . The result in this research indicate that there relationship between support family with study result in Technic Drawing Building beacuse rhitung>rtabel (0,471>0,224). Therefore more and more good supoort family so more and more study result too. Keyword: Family Support, Study Result


There is a growing demand for maps from government, enterprises and the pubulic. This paper studies the data management methods of ancient and modern maps to solve the problems of scattered storage, low openness, inconvenient query and use, lack of system inheritance and so on. Based on the digital processing and database management system, the map database was established after the ancient map was edited. Based on SOA service architecture and Browser/Server mode, the spatio-temporal fusion and operation platform for ancient and modern maps is established. The functions of map unified management, visual display, query and analysis, input and multi-mode export are achieved. Using Android and IOS technology to build mobile applications, improve map management and sharing application mode.


The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the study of legal document circulation, as a rule, concerns only certain types of documents. The purpose of the work is a comprehensive study of the phenomenon of "legal document circulation". Achieving the specified goal involves solving the following tasks: establishing those defects that may be contained in the legal document and determining the reasons and conditions for their appearance. To solve the set goals and tasks, the dialectical method, the analysis,the generalization and the abstraction was used. The result of the study was the argumentation of the position that the prevention of negative social phenomena in the legal document circulation should be based on measures of expertise, notarization, approval and registration of legal documents. The conclusion of the study is the substantiation of the statement that the role of the legal document in the mechanism of legal regulation has increased. The value of legal document circulation is determined by the functions performed by a legal document in the process of legal regulation. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of practical recommendations aimed at improving the process of working with legal documents in the future.


In a combined DFT (B3LYP) and G2MP2 theoretical study the following enthalpies of formation (ΔH°f) and bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) for hydrazine, methylhydrazine (MMH), 1,1- dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (SDMH) were determined: BDE/kJ mol−1: N2H4, 278±4; MMH, 272±4; UDMH, 259±12; SDMH, 272±12. ΔH°f/kJ mol−1: N2H4, 95±6; MMH, 94±4; UDMH, 80±4; SDMH, 91±4. The bond enthalpy for the N-N bond in hydrazine amounts to BE (N-N, H2N−NH2) = 159±4 kJ mol−1.


Abstract The published literature on Geography teaching in Higher Education (HE) has focused principally on advanced "western" countries such as the USA, UK and Australia. This paper contributes to a redressing of this imbalance by offering an account of the scale and character of Geography provision in Turkish Universities. It shows that almost all the 22 Universities providing Geography are in the state (rather than private) sector, with the majority of courses having been established in the last 20 years. The paper identifies some important differences between Geography courses in Turkey and those in countries such as the UK. Perhaps the most important is the extent to which Turkish Geography is focused on producing the nation's supply of secondary school Geography teachers and is not yet seen as equipping students for a much wider range of careers and employment opportunities.


has offered a description of his effort in the present symposium.3 It is with considerable misgivings that I have accepted the editor's invitation to comment on this paper. I have stated elsewhere, perhaps all too often and all too vigorously, my opposition to both the substance and the procedure of the American Law Institute's undertaking in this field.4 Moreover, it is always a hateful task to attack the work of a man for whom you feel the highest personal regard. Only the remaining hope to induce the Restaters to withdraw their latest draft on the conflicts law of torts5 has prompted me to offer these comments despite my misgivings.


The national economic sovereignty is the indivisible part of national sovereignty, and the currency sovereignty comes from economic sovereignty. In international law, sovereignty is the fundamental characters of a nation and means the top power of a nation to separately and independently deal with domestic and foreign affairs. Today when finance has been globalized, the national currency sovereignty is still facing the impact from financial renovation and development of scientific technologies, while the implementation of the currency sovereignty of development nations are especially facing the impact from financially powerful countries. The researches on national currency sovereignty under the background of the hot issue of financial crisis and Renminbi currency are of more realistic meaning. This article is just studying this issue. Concept and legal confirmation of national currency sovereignty The concept and contents of national currency sovereignty. National currency sovereignty is the fundamental contents of economic sovereignty principle as well as one of the core meanings of the autonomous right of a nation on its national issues. National currency sovereignty is the top power of nation to issue and manage the currency in its own territory as well as the right to independently implement its foreign currency policies and equally taking part in the treatment of international currency and financial affairs during international economic interaction. Currency sovereignty includes various kinds of power and policy tools, such as that for domestic affairs, a nation is entitled to or could freely confirm currency units, issue legal currencies like cash and coins, punish behaviors of forging currencies, forbidding the circulation of other currencies within its territory, regulate the currency supplying and bank system, and confirm or change the value of its currency; while for foreign affairs, currency sovereignty means that every nation may realize limitation and regulation on international payment and capital transferring, choose exchange rate arrangement and exchange rate system, set up the exchanging ratio of currency, and abide by the international obligations and currency disciplines provided in treaties so as to maintain the order of international currency. The legal confirmation of currency sovereignty. The limitation on national currency sovereignty is actually the manifestation and results of a nation implementing its sovereignty. In order to realize cooperation and win-win within the era of economic globalization, all nations need to pursue some mutual compromise and assignment of currency sovereignty within some scope so as to exchange for and obtain the conditions, space and interest needed by the survival and development in the era of globalization, among which one of the important interest is that one nation could render other members of the international society to be limited in the same way through limiting and assign some of the currency sovereignty of themselves so as to form the international economic orders that are sure to be needed in the conditions of globalization. Another important interest is to conditionally assign the currency sovereignty into international organizations and enjoy related interest while fulfilling related obligations. International regulations on currency sovereignty Regulations on currency sovereignty in IMF agreement. The regulations on currency sovereignty in IMF (International Monetary Fund Organization) agreement are mainly about the 2nd International Conference on Education Technology, Management and Humanities Science (ETMHS 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 560 rules on controlling of foreign currencies. The fundamental reason for the implementation of controlling of foreign currencies is to guarantee the development of domestic economy and finance, stabilize the domestic financial order, avoid currency credibility crisis, improve and balance income and expenditure, prevent or relieve international crisis in income and expenditure, ensure the normal and healthy development of foreign economy. Controlling of foreign currency is the major constituent part of the national currency and financial laws and policies and is of important meaning to national economy. Laws of Foreign Currency Control is the sum of the laws, regulations, and ordinances enacted by a nation for implementing foreign currency controlling, and it is of important effect to the economic life of a nation especially those nations that are not developed and weaker in economic power because controlling of foreign currency is the important constituent part of the national financial and economic policies, especially foreign currencies. Rules and norms on national currencies in WTO regulations. Usually the regulation of exchange rate is beyond the legal system of the World Trade Organization, but there are also related regulations within the framework of WTO, which is mainly manifested by Article 15 in "General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade (GATT) 94" providing that issues about currency reserve, international income and expenditure, or foreign exchange arrangement must be negotiated with IMF and accepts the decision of IMF as well as Article 11 providing that implementation of limitation by member nations of WTO on the international transferring and payment of current transactions related to its specific promises is prohibited and no limitations inconsistent to the specific promises related to this type of transaction are allowed to be set for any capital transaction. But these two articles had all explicitly showed that the limitation in the conventions must not interfere with the effect of the rights and obligations of the member nations endowed by "Fund Convention" including the remittance and exchange behaviors allowed by "Fund Convention". On the other hands, although there is no regulation on most-favored-nation treatment in the "Fund Convention", it still requires the member nations to be sure to cooperate with the fund organization and other member nations so as to guarantee the foreign exchange order and stable exchange rate system. If the member nations have implemented discriminated exchange rate measures or applied differential exchange rates to the import of different nations in a discriminated way, it certainly constitute the violation of the legal system and most-favored-nation principle of WTO, under which condition the exchange rate measure violating the most-favored-nation principle of WTO also infringes the principles in "Fund Convention". Effect of the financial globalization environment on the currency sovereignty of China Impact of financial renovation on the currency sovereignty of China. The impact of financial renovation on the currency sovereignty of China is first manifested as the weakening of the nation rights of issuing currency. The continuous deepening of financial innovation has brought about a lot of new financial tools including new credit tools and saving types that are of extreme moneyness, such as Money Market Mutual Fund (MMMFs), commercial bank bills, liquidate capital acceptance documents, supper transferrable check accounts, and automatic account transferring service, etc. These creative financial tools have unprecedentedly increased the substitutability among financial assets, thus rendering it is more and more difficult to clearly distinguish the currency as currency from those as capital. The effect of financial renovation has promoted the continuous extension of the statistical specifications of the currencies in all nations, among which there are many nations having expanded the original M1 to M4 on the basis of M0 and the currency statistical specification of the UK even had been extended to be M7, while some other nations like Japan had to adopt flexible rules of generalization, that is, the new M2+CD+ financial tools when defining the currency flow. These new types of circulation measures without legal features had actually borne the function of currency circulation within the market and already constituted currency substitutes, so all nations have to include these financial tools functioning as currency circulation when formulating currency policies. However, it is not hard to find that the main bodies issuing these currency financial renovation new tools are not the central banks regulated by the currency laws in all nations or the institutions


CIA Director James Woolsey testified before the Senate on February 24, 1993, {open_quotes}The arms race between India and Pakistan poses perhaps the most probable prospect for future use of weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear weapons.{close_quotes} Currently, both countries are dependent on relatively crude nuclear bombs that do not appear to have been deployed. According to US officials, because of fears of accidental nuclear detonation, both sides would only assemble their nuclear weapons when absolutely necessary. Nevertheless, according to Woolsey, both nations {open_quotes}could, on short notice, assemble nuclear weapons.{close_quotes} Each has combat aircraft that could deliver these bombs in a crisis. India and Pakistan continue to improve their nuclear weapons. Unless their programs are stopped, they might succeed in moving from large, cumbersome bombs to miniaturized, easily armed and fuzed weapons able to be permanently deployed on attack aircraft or ballistic missiles, which are being developed or sought by both countries.


Tetra-PEG gels are classified to near-"ideal" networks with significantly low inhomogeneities, which were confirmed by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). In this study, we systematically introduced two types of defects into Tetra-PEG gels and investigated effects of defects on structure. First, we prepared defect-rich networks by simply reducing prepolymer concentration, and observed the evolution of network structure by time-resolved SANS during gelation process. In this case, both the scattering intensity and the correlation length increased with reaction time in the ϕ ϕ* region. Here, ϕ and ϕ* are the polymer volume fractions at observation and that at chain-overlap concentration, respectively. Second, we prepared "p-tuned" Tetra-PEG gels by tuning the reaction probability, p, and soaked them in water to expose the inhomogeneities. It was revealed that SANS profiles of as-prepared gels did not change noticeably, while those of swollen gels systema...


ABSTRACT We demonstrate that charge migration can be 'engineered' in arbitrary molecular systems if a single localised orbital – that diabatically follows nuclear displacements – is ionised. Specifically, we describe the use of natural bonding orbitals in Complete Active Space Configuration Interaction (CASCI) calculations to form cationic states with localised charge, providing consistently well-defined initial conditions across a zero point energy vibrational ensemble of molecular geometries. In Ehrenfest dynamics simulations following localised ionisation of -electrons in model polyenes (hexatriene and decapentaene) and -electrons in glycine, oscillatory charge migration can be observed for several femtoseconds before dephasing. Including nuclear motion leads to slower dephasing compared to fixed-geometry electron-only dynamics results. For future work, we discuss the possibility of designing laser pulses that would lead to charge migration that is experimentally observable, based on the proposed diabatic orbital approach. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


ABSTRACT This paper focuses on whether the premise "occupation promotes health" is logical. The objective is to use this premise as the basis of a logical puzzle to demonstrate potential contributions of logic to occupational science and to emphasize the complementary roles of rational logic and empirical observation. The paper employs syllogisms, a rationalist method, to test the logic of this premise with different lexicographic and professional understandings of the terms occupation and health, and with empirical findings of the relationship between occupation and health. The syllogistic analysis reveals this premise is illogical, and how empirical findings alone are incapable of improving the validity of a postulation. In the process, it also uncovers potential reasons why laypersons find this premise difficult to understand, and why occupation and health are still contested terms. This paper discusses the implications of this analysis for occupational science and argues that empiricism and rationalism should play complementary roles in the epistemic development of occupational science.


Health care quality, prescribing drugs and adequate consumption could be defined with terms compliance, adherence, persistency and concordance. Compliance is a measure of administration of therapy exactly as prescribed. Adherence is often substituted for term "compliance", but it assumes greater involvement of the patient in decision making regarding his therapy. A failure to measure adherence can partially be attributed to the phenomenon of "white coat adherence". That is why researchers are trying to establish a new measure such as "persistency". Nonadherence can be classified in two categories: primary ("intention") and secondary ("non-intention"). For measuring adherence various methods are used, the two becoming a standard nowadays: direct and indirect. Depending on research targets, one of the methods is chosen from the group of direct (e.g. measuring drug blood levels) or indirect methods (counting pills, patient's logs, prescribing rates, questionnaires for patients, patients' self-report). Abundant evidence indicates that poor adherence in therapeutic procedures is extremely expensive and represents significant problem affecting all ages, both sexes and people of all socio-economic groups. In order to improve compliance, adherence, persistence and concordance it is necessary to implement a more comprehensive strategy, with complementary interventions, aiming to achieve the overall results which could be more important for public health. Decision-makers in health care and experts engaged in regular, clinical practice and health care system have an important task of implementing the valid strategy because there is already abundant valid evidence for many of them. The guidelines for translational medicine, in this regard, are of particular benefit.


In this work, we used a new hybrid population-based algorithm (PSOGSA) which is a combination of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). It can be used to improve the side lobe level of a linear array of antennas for use in personal communication devices in order to satisfy the situation of huge demand and compressed development cycle for antenna design. Using PSOGSA we can optimize the spacing between the elements of the linear array to produce a radiation pattern with minimum side lobe level and null placement control


The monoid of multipliers of a semigroup object in a monoidal category is introduced, arising from an abstraction of the definition of the translational hull of an ordinary semigroup or of the multiplier algebra of a Banach algebra and dually, the monoid of comultipliers of a cosemigroup object is obtained. Its set-theoretic version, the classical translational hull, is shown to provide a functor from a subcategory of ordinary semigroups to monoids, similar to a left adjoint. The abstract multiplier monoid of a semigroup object is related to the concrete translational hull of its convolution semigroup by a ``concretization'' homomorphism. For semigroup objects for which this homomorphism is onto, the multiplier construction is functorial and the concretization homomorphisms form a natural epimorphism.


ABSTRACT This contribution explores how climate-vulnerable states can effectively use the law to force action in order to address loss and damage from climate change, taking the Pacific Island state of Vanuatu as an example. Vanuatu made headlines when its Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and External Trade, the Hon. Ralph Regenvanu, announced his government's intention to explore legal action as a tool to address climate loss and damage suffered in Vanuatu. Our contribution places this announcement in the context of Vanuatu's own experience with climate loss and damage, and the state's ongoing efforts to secure compensation for loss and damage through the multilateral climate change regime. We then discuss the possibilities for legal action to seek redress for climate loss and damage, focusing on two types of action highlighted in Minister Regenvanu's statement: action against states under international law, and action against fossil fuel companies under domestic law. After concluding that the issue of compensation for climate loss and damage is best addressed at the multilateral level, we offer proposals on how the two processes of litigation and negotiation could interact with each other and inspire more far-reaching action to address loss and damage from climate change. Key policy insights The review of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage offers an opportunity to start putting in place a facility for loss and damage finance under the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). A climate damages tax (CDT) on fossil fuel companies seems a particularly promising option for mobilizing loss and damage finance. Such a CDT could be one revenue stream for a relevant loss and damage facility. Legal action – including cases against foreign states or fossil fuel companies – could bolster the position of climate-vulnerable states in multilateral negotiations on loss and damage finance.


C-reactive protein (CRP) is an indirect risk factor in the acute coronary syndromes [2,13,21]. Its high levels may reflect one of the following cases: an inflammation of the coronary arteries as a response to the infectious agents; the severeness of the inflammatory response within the atherosclerotic vessels; inflammation expansion associated with myocardial ischemia; inflammation expansion associated with myocardial necrosis. Therefore, CRP indicates the cardiac lesions specific to various coronary heart diseases. The prognostic value of CRP augmentation appears to be more important in the patients affected by myocardial lesions [21]. This present study is aimed to determine the CRP levels in female and male patients of different age groups, early diagnosed with myocardial infarction.


We study a sample of post-AGB stars in the Galaxy, with known surface chemical composition and s-process enrichment. The recent determination of the luminosities of these sources, based on Gaia parallaxes, allows for the fist time a deep investigation of Galactic post-AGB stars, with the possibility of characterising the individual objects in terms of mass, chemical composition and age of the progenitors. To this aim we used available evolutionary sequences of AGB stars, extended to the post-AGB phase, complemented by new models, specifically calculated for the present study. The combined knowledge of the surface carbon and of the luminosity proves the most valuable indicator of the previous history of the star, particularly for what regards the efficiency of the various mechanisms able to alter the surface chemical composition and the growth of the core mass. This kind of analysis allows dissecting different classes of stars, such as low-mass objects, that evolved as M-type stars for the whole AGB lifetime, carbon stars, massive AGB stars that experienced hot bottom burning. The potentialities of this approach to shed new light on still debated issues related to the AGB evolution are also commented.


Pontellid copepods are archetypical representatives of the neuston—the highly specialized community living in the top 5–10 cm of the ocean surface. Their deep blue pigmentation and large eyes are unique adaptations to surface irradiation and carnivory, but poor prerequisites for survival in the transparent waters beneath the sea surface. Here, we report the discovery of three reef-associated representatives of this group—Labidocera bataviae A. Scott, 1909; L. pavo Giesbrecht, 1889; and Labidocera sp.—living residential in coral reefs. We (1) document the presence of Labidocera spp. for two 1✉,2,3


Growth equity (or growth capital) resides on the continuum of private equity investing at the intersection of venture capital and control buyouts. Growth capital is designed to facilitate the target company's accelerated growth through expanding operations, entering new markets, or consummating strategic acquisitions. We've put together a high-level overview of growth equity transactions, as well as a more in-depth discussion of redemption rights in these deals.


We present a feasibility study of a wide field UV imaging camera for the UV Italian Sky Surveyor (UVISS) under study by the Italian Space Agency as possible payload externally attached on an Express Pallet to the International Space Station. The camera will operate in the range 950 - 2700 angstrom, it will have a 1 square degree field of view with an expected angular resolution of about 3' at best. Two layouts are considered: the first is a camera based on the use of transmittance filters to select the bandpass of interest while the second one is based on the use of multilayers mirrors to define the bandpasses of the filters. In both options the detectors used will be intensified CCDs with an appropriate choice of photocathodes. Finally, we present some simulations to evaluate the performances of the camera.


According to the previous experimental study of multi-ribbed composite walls and multi-ribbed slab structures,a uniform oblique compression bar under uniaxial compression is employed to be equivalent to the filler block in the multi-ribbed composite wall.On this basis,the formula of elastic-plastic strain-stress for equivalent oblique compression bar is deduced,and the axial plastic hinge of the bar put forward.Then the elastic-plastic mathematical mode of the multi-ribbed composite wall is built.Moreover,the elastic-plastic yielding mechanism of the multi-ribbed composite wall is analyzed.The elastic-plastic calculation model of multi-ribbed slab structure is established,and the static elastic-plastic response analysis on the structure is performed.Finally,the assessment method for the seismic performance of the structure is presented.Theoretical analysis and test research show that adopting equivalent oblique compression bar model for analyzing the multi-ribbed composite wall can better reflect the three-stage damage of the wall.Meanwhile,the elastic-plastic calculation model of multi-ribbed slab structure proposed above can be effectively utilized to simulate the real failure process of the structure,which can provide the simplified mechanical mode for the seismic performance assessment and elastic-plastic dynamic response analysis of the structure.


As the stretch of huge fluvial-delta sediment reservoirs, the Putaohua group of block Pu47 is formed by the impact of both rivers and lakes with an obvious huge thickness, complicated serious heterogeneity and relatively lower conformity with the analysis of drill core data and oil testing. Therefore, this paper mainly does the research on rock-electro parameters lithological characters by taking the use of original data of drill core, well logging, oil testing and analysis test, etc. to optimize the rock-electro parameter and build the porosity and permeability models which will provide the reliable geology basis for future petroleum development and exploration.


The present invention relates to a security system for wireless networks. The system comprises a memory (3) for storing a worldwide unambiguous key data record (4), the first portable unit designed to transmit the key data records over short distances (4) a. Key data record (4) a receiver for receiving the (9), and stores a part of the key data record (4) or the key data record, process, and / or evaluation component to be transferred to the second device ( 11) a receiver including a (7) are provided on at least one of the wireless device of the network (2). Device of a wireless network, acquires common secret key using the key data records, the key enables encoding and decoding of useful data and / or authentication are transmitted. According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, key data records are derived from biometric characteristics of the user may be input to the portable unit.


The X-CHIP (X-ray Crystallography High-throughput Integrated Platform) is a novel microchip that has been developed to combine multiple steps of the crystallographic pipeline from crystallization to diffraction data collection on a single device to streamline the entire process.


THE Far East is a loose term for which speakers generally feel it necessary to apologize. So far from apologizing for it, however, I find the looseness extremely convenient. Humpty-Dumpty once said: "When I use a word it means just what I want it to mean." What I want the Far East to mean for my present purpose is, roughly speaking, the area which is covered by the present military operations, extending from the Solomon Islands to the frontiers of Burma and India; but here and there I shall stretch it to include India and even Ceylon. What I want to discuss is the particular forms which various types of world reconstruction are likely to take in this area and the special problems which they will raise, and for that purpose I must divide world reconstruction into five sections. First, Relief and Rehabilitation; secondly, Peace Preservation or Collective Security; thirdly, Political Reconstitution (that is to say of countries under enemy control); fourthly, International Machinery after the war; and fifthly and last, World Economic Order. Of course the five overlap and spread into each other, but it is easier to take them singly.


This paper aims to devote to the experimental analysis and modeling on the heat generation of angular contact ball bearings under vibration.,The experiments about vibration effect on bearing temperature are implemented. To explore the causes of bearing temperature rise, the shaft-bearing system is first simplified to a forced vibration model to analyze the bearing loads in vibration. Next, the vibratory-induced additional load is proposed and the spin power loss of balls is re-derived under vibration. The vibration-induced heat is integrated into a novel forecasting model of bearing power loss. For validation, the muti-node model for angular contact ball bearings is referred to create the thermal network of spindle front bearing, and then the contrast and discussion is done.,The simulation and test results both indicate that more energy is expended and more heat is generated with vibration. And the further quantitative comparisons between simulation results and experimental values of bearing temperature demonstrate the rationality and availability of constructed model on bearing heat generation.,The vibration-induced additional load is proposed and modeled, and the novel forecasting model for heat generation for high-speed angular contact ball bearings with vibration is constructed and validated.


With the development of marketing as a profession and the increasing application of the marketing concept, there is a clear need to better define and manage an organisation's skills in marketing. This paper explores the application of a skills audit, that is, a process that identifies the present stock of skills and competencies held by a workforce, whether or not they are being used, and compares these with the skills needed, specifically in marketing and communications. The results indicate the need for better management of marketers with some skills that are underutilized and other examples where marketers are attempting to undertake tasks without the requisite skills.


The time‐course of cell‐mediated immunity in exanthema subitum is not well documented. The lymphoproliferative response to purified human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) antigen and to phytohemagglutinin was measured and natural killer (NK) cell activities determined in three consecutive specimens obtained biweekly from 18 young children and infants with exanthema subitum. Virus isolation and PCR detection of virus DNA and determination of neutralization antibody to HHV‐6 and ‐7 were also carried out. The magnitude of the HHV‐6 specific lymphoproliferative response varied; however, in most cases the time course kinetics revealed a low response in the acute phase with a subsequent gradual increase. In contrast, NK cell activities were high in the acute phase and declined gradually during convalescence. The lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin did not show a consistent trend in kinetics of time; however, dynamic changes in activity were observed in patients during the acute and convalescent periods. The results suggest that NK cells play a major role in resolving acute phase infection while specific lymphocyte activity develops later. The cause of the delayed development of HHV‐6 specific lymphoproliferative response is unknown. The lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin ratios implied that HHV‐6 infection has some impact on host T‐cell immunity during the course of exanthema subitum. J. Med. Virol. 78:792–799, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We report the performance of coherently-detected nine-channel WDM transmission over high dispersion fibers, using polarization multiplexed m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (m = 4, 16, 64, 256) at 112 Gbit/s. Compensation of fiber nonlinearities via digital backpropagation enables up to 10 dB improvement in maximum transmittable power and ~8 dB Qeff improvement which translates to a nine-fold enhancement in transmission reach for PM-256QAM, where the largest improvements are associated with higher-order modulation formats. We further demonstrate that even under strong nonlinear distortion the transmission reach only reduces by a factor of ~2.5 for a 2 unit increase in capacity (log2m) when full band DBP is employed, in proportion to the required back-to-back OSNR. ©2011 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (060.2320) Fiber optics communications; (060.1660) Coherent communications; (060.4370) Nonlinear optics, fibers. References and links 1. A. D. Ellis, J. Zhao, and D. Cotter, "Approaching the Non-Linear Shannon Limit," J. Lightwave Technol. 28(4), 423–433 (2010). 2. R.-J. Essiambre, G. Kramer, P. J. Winzer, G. J. Foschini, and B. Goebel, "Capacity Limits of Optical Fiber Networks," J. Lightwave Technol. 28(4), 662–701 (2010). 3. S. Makovejsm, D. S. Millar, V. Mikhailov, G. Gavioli, R. I. Killey, S. J. Savory, and P. Bayvel, "Experimental Investigation of PDMQAM16 Transmission at 112 Gbit/s over 2400 km," Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OFC 2010, OMJ6, (2010). 4. J. Yu, X. Zhou, Y. Huang, S. Gupta, M. Huang, T. Wang, and P. Magill, "112.8-Gb/s PM-RZ 64QAM Optical Signal Generation and Transmission on a 12.5GHz WDM Grid," Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OFC 2010, OThM1, (2010). 5. M. Nakazawa, S. Okamoto, T. Omiya, K. Kasai, and M. Yoshida, "256 QAM (64 Gbit/s) Coherent Optical Transmission over 160 km with an Optical Bandwidth of 5.4 GHz," Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OFC 2010, OThD5, (2010). 6. S. J. Savory, "Compensation of fiber impairments in digital coherent systems," Optical Communication, 2008. ECOC 2008. 34th European Conference on, Mo.3.D.1, (2008). 7. E. Ip, "Nonlinear Compensation Using Backpropagation for Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission," J. Lightwave Technol. 28(6), 939–951 (2010). 8. E. Mateo, L. Zhu, and G. Li, "Impact of XPM and FWM on the digital implementation of impairment compensation for WDM transmission using backward propagation," Opt. Express 16(20), 16124–16137 (2008). 9. D. Rafique, J. Zhao, and A.D. Ellis, "Impact of Dispersion Map Management on the Performance of BackPropagation for Nonlinear WDM Transmissions," OECC, 00107, (2010). 10. S. Oda, T. Tanimura, T. Hoshida, C. Ohshima, H. Nakashima, Z. Tao, and J. C. Rasmussen, "112 Gb/s DPQPSK transmission using a novel nonlinear compensator in digital coherent receiver," Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OFC 2009, OThR6, (2009). 11. D. Rafique, and A. D. Ellis, "Impact of signal-ASE four-wave mixing on the effectiveness of digital backpropagation in 112 Gb/s PM-QPSK systems," Opt. Express (accepted for publication). 12. L. B. Du, and A. J. Lowery, "Improved single channel backpropagation for intra-channel fiber nonlinearity compensation in long-haul optical communication systems," Opt. Express 18(16), 17075–17088 (2010). 13. D. Rafique, J. Zhao, and A. D. Ellis, "Performance Improvement by Fiber Nonlinearity Compensation in 112 Gb/s PM M-ary QAM," OFC (accepted for publication). #139547 $15.00 USD Received 13 Dec 2010; revised 12 Jan 2011; accepted 15 Jan 2011; published 4 Mar 2011 (C) 2011 OSA 14 March 2011 / Vol. 19, No. 6 / OPTICS EXPRESS 5219


The present invention of formula (I): To a method of synthesizing a compound. The present invention also provides compounds of formula (VII) [wherein, R is H, R The present invention also provides, (E) N- {4- [3- chloro-4- (2-pyridinylmethoxy) anilino] -3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl} -4- (methylamino) 2-butenamide, to a method of use for treating compositions and cancer comprising the same.


Research in maternity care has for a long time been focused on the woman in labor and herexperiences. More recently descriptions on fathers' experience, in relation to the birth of theirchild, have been studied. The results in many of these studies showed that the support the mangives to the woman in birth is of great significance for the woman's well-being, for theoutcome of the delivery, and for the couple's relationship. However, for many fathers, thechildbirth experience did not meet their expectations. The purpose of this study was todescribe how the father experienced support from the midwife when the partner gave birth totheir child. Semi structured interviews, and inductive manifest content analysis was used fordata gathering and data analysis. The result showed, among other things, fathers desire to beseen as a participating part of the birthgiving couple, to participate in communication, and toget practical advices on how they could help. According to the fathers the midwife had to beexperienced, responsive and informative to be able to support the father. The core of the resultwere the father's need to be seen and confirmed by the midwife, and particularly the need forindividualized support.


Insignificant Surfaces explores the creative and theoretical relationships amongst computation, cinema, and sound in my artistic and design practice. I propose an alternative framework for digital practice in which software and cinema are understood not solely as immaterial and informatic, but also as distinctly material, energetic, and embodied forces. Employing my own practice-inclusive research methods of adjacency and lensing, I explore the complex networks of influence that are possible amongst works of art, active viewers, and technological apparatuses. I call for a new mode of open community-based software development, computational materiality, which supports the ongoing, serendipitous, and unexpected creative modification of shared software artefacts. Using the theories of McKenzie Wark, Bruno Latour, Reza Negarestani, and others, and the artwork of Stan Brakhage, Chris Welsby, and Ernie Gehr, I explore the ways in which my cinema and sound can be understood within a framework of energetics, transformational ecologies, and material closure.


In this work, the influence of wastewater from full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on aquatic and soil biota was reviewed and presented. Moreover, the methods and model organisms used in testing the ecotoxicity of wastewater were shown. It was found that wastewater usually affected the biochemical activity and growth of organisms such as bacteria, algae and protozoa. They contributed to the immobilization and death of inter alia crustaceans and fishes. The values of degree of inhibition or lethality widely varied dependent on the type of wastewater, the sampling point (influent or effluent) and the model organisms applied in the biotests. Thus, a battery of ecotoxicity tests using model organisms of different sensitivities should be employed. So far, bacteria (e.g., Vibrio fischeri), green microalgae (e.g., Raphidocelis subcapitata) and crustaceans (Daphnia magna) have been frequently used organisms in the biological assessment of wastewater. They were applied in almost half (bacteria) or more than half (microalgae, crustaceans) of papers analyzed in this study. In almost all studies, the reduction of wastewater toxicity after treatment processes was found. It was proven that the conventional activated sludge systems were efficient in the removal of wastewater toxicity from both municipal and industrial wastewater, while the tertiary stage of treatment, in particular chlorination or ozonation, contributed to the increase in wastewater toxicity.


Rare-earth ion-doped semiconducting phosphor has attracted extensive attention due to the ability to achieve efficient luminescence through the host sensitization. Here, we present a new type red-emitting Eu3+ -doped BiOCl phosphors possessing a broad excitation band in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) region. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations confirm that Eu3+ ion dopants result in forming impurity energy level near valence band, and the excellent broadband NUV-exciting ability of Eu3+ ion is due to the electronic transitions of BiOCl band gap. Moreover, the highest emission intensity of the phosphors is from the 5D0 → 7F4 transition of Eu3+ around 699 nm (far-red) through whether host excitation or direct Eu3+ ions excitation, which lie in the particular structure of BiOCl crystals. Our results indicate that the Eu3+ -doped BiOCl crystals show great potential as red phosphors for white-light-emitting diodes.


Multiple e-mail address certificates have been proposed very recently, therefore, neither certification authorities currently issue such a certificate nor does any mail client permit its use for signing or encrypting e-mail messages. Further, no study has been made to evaluate their effectiveness for practical use. This paper studies the usability of multiple e-mail address certificates in secure messaging. It discusses S/MIME, its usefulness in e-mail security, current adoption by users, advantages, and disadvantages. It illustrates procedures in vogue for singing, encrypting, and both signing and encrypting e-mail messages using e-mail address certificates. It further reports the results of study carried out to evaluate user efficiency in sending/receiving S/MIME mail with and without the use of multiple e-mail address certificates.


Interactions between water and dextran have been investigated by measuring specific heat capacity, adiabatic compressibility, and viscosity, with dextran samples of molecular weight above 104. For these measurements, a laboratory-constructed isoperibol twin calorimeter and an ultrasonic interferometer were used. The compressibility data show the existence of the water hydrated to dextran molecules, and the amount of hydration water was determined. The partial molar heat capacity was calculated for the structural unit of the dextran molecule. In the plot of log [η] against logMw, a downward deviation from the linear relation was observed, and this was interpreted as due to branching of the dextran molecule. The amount of hydration water and the partial molar heat capacity decreased with the increasing molecular weight of dextran. The quantity ΔCP2°=CP2°−CP2 (pure state) indicates that the structural change of water caused by the dissolution of one structural unit of the dextran molecule is smaller than in the case of glucose and that the degree of the structural change of water decreases sharply with the increasing molecular weight of polymers. These results are interpreted in terms of the combination of branching and increased entanglement of the polymer chain.


This study aims to deliver a design of enterprise architecture for construction services at Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Indonesia based on The Open Group Architecture Framework - Architecture Development Method (TOGAF ADM). This study approach in primary data were collected through observation of the condition of the existing IT systems, discussion and interviews. Secondary data were collected through by studies of internal documents, such as the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) Blueprint of Ministry of Public Works and Housing as well as Law of Republic Indonesia number 2 of 2017 about Construction Service. The results of this study found that there are 6 core business activities identified in construction services. We also proposed 9 new applications to be developed. The results of technology architecture proposed API (Application Programming Interface) and Communication Hub to be develop by Directorate General Construction Development, Ministry of Public Works and Housing.


This paper mainly discusses the realizing method and hardware structure of noise canceling system.Based on the TMS320C3X,three kinds of algorithms are implemented,thus a generalized noise canceling system has been produced and excellent results are obtained.[


The absorption spectra of CdIn2S4 have been measured at various temperatures between 4.7 K and 412 K, and analyzed in the region of the absorption coefficient from 1 to 2×104 cm-1. The data are interpreted as indicating there is direct-allowed transition with an energy gap of 2.75 eV at 0 K. Indirect-allowed transition is also observed with an energy gap of 2.44 eV at 0 K. The temperature-modulated optical absorption measurement of CdIn2S4 indicates that this material has an indirect energy gap of 2.28 eV at room temperature and an assisting phonon of 0.03 eV.


In 1993 Green Audit obtained the entire small areas cancer incidence database of Wales Cancer Registry (WCR) aggregated to the level of small areas termed Areas of Residence (AoRs). Since 1998 we have been conducting research into the distribution of cancer in Wales utilising these data, which show cancer incidence by year, sex, age, site and AoR from 1974-90. In a series of reports, Green Audit drew attention to the existence of an apparent sea-coast effect on cancer driven by habitations near radioactively contaminated intertidal sediment. This was particularly the case of the Menai Strait in north Wales, where anomalously high rates of childhood leukaemia and brain tumours were found, notably in Bangor and Caernarfon. These phenomena were denied by the Wales Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit (WCISU) which claimed that its own studies showed no such increases. The WCISU studies were consistently backed up by the Committee on Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment (COMARE). This paper addresses the studies and claims of WCISU and its collaborators. It shows that WCISU have consistently made serious errors in their epidemiology. In particular, WCISU and its collaborators have used incorrect base populations for the areas they have been analysing. We show how, through an elementary error, WCISU misallocated census wards to the AoRs, thereby hugely overestimating the base populations considered to be at risk and commensurately underestimating incidence ratios relative to national averages. In a letter to Green Audit in January 2001 Dr. John Steward, WCISU's Director, presented his allocation of wards in Gwynedd, showing all wards were allocated to 5 AoRs. However, in the WCR database, there were 35 AoRs. Thus the levels of cancer in the Menai Area would be under-assessed by WCISU by a factor of up to 7-fold. Indeed, we show here that WCISU used the population of Caernarfon and Bethesda (both of which were AoRs in their own right) in addition to the population of Bangor as a base population to reduce the apparent risk factors for childhood leukaemia in Bangor. We also show that WCISU had made a similar error in an inquiry concerning cancer rates in Mold in Clwyd, a case where in 2000 and 2003 WCISU and the Director of Public Health for Flintshire rubbished a Green Audit report on this issue. WCISU used incorrect ward assignments to deduce that the levels of cancer shown in the WCR database were normal whilst in fact they were significantly high. This was despite the fact that a detailed explanation of the error had been given by us to Dr. Steward in 2001 (Steward et al 2000). This report concludes by recommending that WCISU retract their papers with an apology and that the WCISU is closed down. In addition, it is recommended that COMARE is replaced with a new open radiation committee along the lines suggested in a well-supported Parliamentary Early Day Motion in 2004 (EDM 1548). Such a committee would include scientists critical of the current risk models. The serious public health scandal associated with the increases in adult and childhood cancer near areas of radioactive contamination along the north Wales coast must be urgently addressed. We further recommend that the WCISU's handling of the data files it inherited from WCR in 1995-6 should be subject to a police investigation.


ABSTRACT Let be a symmetric matrix, or equivalently, a weighted graph whose edge ij has the weight . The eigenvalues of are the eigenvalues of M. We denote by the principal submatrix of M obtained by deleting from M both the ith row and the ith column. If μ is an eigenvalue of M, and thus of , of multiplicity , then vertex i of is a downer, or a neutral, or a Parter vertex, depending whether the multiplicity of μ in or, equivalently, in , is k−1, k, or k+1, respectively. In this paper, for a fixed μ, we consider vertex types according to the above classification in graphs which are generalized lexicographic products of an arbitrary graph over cliques and co-cliques, or connected regular graphs. In addition, we add some comments on constructions of large families of cospectral and integral graphs.


Introduction: Approximately 15% of school-age children in Poland are overweight or obese. This poses a huge problem, considering the health consequences of excessive body weight. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was an analysis of risk factors for the development of obesity including the family's lifestyle, based on research results collected from two academic centres in Poland (Szczecin and Białystok). Material and methods: A self-made questionnaire was administered to a group of parents with children aged from two to 17 years. Eighty responses picked at random, 40 from each city, were qualified for further analysis according to the exclusion criteria. Participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. Results: In the study group, 24% of children had an excessive body weight. For the purpose of further analysis, only these children were evaluated. The analysis of nutritional habits showed that 63% of children ate more than five full meals a day, not including snacking. About 65% of respondents consumed high-calorie snacks between the main meals. Meals were often irregular and excessive. Half of the respondents did not consume an adequate amount of fluids. Physical activity analysis has shown that 74% of children were physically active a minimum of 3–4 times a week for at least 30 minutes a day. 47% of parents reported not to engage in any physical activity. Parents of overweight children, who admitted to not consulting a doctor, amounted to 84%. The main differences between the cities were associated with the daily amount of meals eaten by children. Conclusions: Obesity is not solely a result of unbalanced nutrition. The factors that primarily contribute to obesity involve the family's daily habits.

https://www.termedia.pl/Journal/-127/pdf-33918-10?filename=Childhood overweight - Machalowski.pdf


A patient with uncertain immigration status comes to you for care. Do you know what to do? Are you aware of your legal duties? What about your ethical duties?

It's uncertain how many undocumented immigrants live in Canada but more than 45 000 filed for refugee claims between 2017 and 2019. Health


Physical bonding between the graphite fiber and the aluminum matrix in the graphite-fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials (Grf/Al) was manifested by the extended fine structure analysis of the electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Diffusion bonding due to the dissolution of carbon into aluminum was demonstrated with quantitative chemical analysis of EELS. Reaction bonding, morphology and distribution of the reaction product Al4C3 were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) . Mechanisms of the effect of processing parameters on interfacial bondings were also discussed.


Thirty plantar warts were analyzed for the presence of HPV‐1 type‐specific and PV genus‐specific capsid antigens by immunofluorescence (IF) using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and type‐specific HPV‐1 DNA employing in situ hybridization methods. Fifteen of 30 plantar warts were positive by IF for PV genus‐specific structural viral antigens. Thirteen of the 15 productively infected plantar warts expressed intranuclear HPV‐1 type‐specific capsid antigens and viral DNA, which were detected in the same distribution in each individual wart. The 2 productively infected plantar warts that did not react with HPV‐1 type‐specific MoAbs did not react with HPV‐1 type‐specific DNA by in situ hybridization. Thus, serotyping of HPV‐1 capsid antigens by monoclonal antibodies is concordant with genotyping of HPV‐1 viral DNA by in situ hybridization in productively infected plantar warts.


This chapter presents an applied case study (ACS) that is supported by a proof of concept (PoC) that is implemented in each of this book's chapters to prove the feasibility of the chapter's and hence the book's HMM approach. The ACS/PoC are used to present the research's framework on how to support business transformation projects (BTP) and enterprise architecture projects (EAP) (or simply projects). The ACS/PoC is supported mainly by an adopted fictive case from the insurance domain. The uniqueness of the proposed HMM promotes a holistic enterprise architecture and an implementation model that supports complex case studies.


We measure the changes in transmission properties of two different hollow core fiber types exposed to standard atmosphere over nearly one year. No degradation of transmitted power is observed for the hollow-core NANF studied.


Three novel compounds, {[Ln(Hbidc)(ox)0.5(H2O)]·H2O}n [Ln = Pr (1), Sm (2), Eu (3)] were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of 1H-benzimidazole-5, 6-dicarboxylic acid (H3bidc) and oxalate (ox) with Ln(NO3)3·6H2O in the presence of NaOH solution at 180 °C, and were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveal that all the compounds are isomorphous, displaying 3D networks with 9-connected topology based on the linkages of 2D layers and 1D zigzag chains. In addition, complex 3 exhibits strong luminescent property in the solid state at room temperature.


Instructor is an important part of teacher team in academy,is also the executor of political ideological education of college students.As the the professional claracteristics of instructor,realizing the specialization of instructor is a reasonable way to strengthen the construction of instructor team in academy.


As slow down in US economy is expected to turn into recession soon, impulse of export led growth through spill over of consumption splurge through housing sector boom as a result of sub prime lending, has been receding. Indian Economy once achieved 9% economic growth in the recent past, is now facing threat of contraction of rate of growth of output and employment as an immediate effect of US recession. Indian economy may attract high inflows of FDI causing high inflation, slow down of exports oriented sectors such as IT, IT-enabled services BPO, financial services, healthcare, textiles, jewellery, handicrafts and leather goods. In the long term Indian economy can experience stable growth provided India implements effective monetary policy to control and make use of large influx of FDI, and Indian exports diverted to European, African and other Asian markets. Since this recession is predicted to last for about 2-3 years, companies may prepare themselves to reap early benefits of recovery of the world economy. Meanwhile they could invest in up gradation of technology, market development and supply chain links in the period of recession, as the strategy of preparedness for ensuring recovery.


This report draws on the new Amnesties, Conflict, and Peace Agreement (ACPA) dataset, developed through the Political Settlement Research Programme, to explore when and how amnesties are used during conflict and peace. In particular, it uses the empirical data from its large-scale comparative of analysis of amnesty practice to examine how the context in which amnesties are adopted can shape decisions on the scope, conditionality, and legal effects of amnesties. The report argues that these aspects of amnesty design can have significant implications for the extent to which amnesty can contribute to inclusive political settlements or conversely to excluding some individuals or groups from the post-conflict political contract.


The aqueous extract of raw areca nut extract was evaluated for its acute oral toxicity study in rats. Healthy male and female Wistar albino rats aged between 10 to 12 weeks and weighing 190 to 210 g adult were selected. The animals were fasted overnight and raw areca nut extract in graded doses was administered as a single dose by gavage using a gavaging tube. Careful general clinical observations were made for 14 days. The toxicity signs were depression, profuse salivation, tremors, muscular incoordination, convulsions, writhing movement of neck and severe diarrhoea. The LD50 values of raw areca nut extract in male and female rats were found to be 2321.96 and 2257.52 mg/kg, respectively. The LD50 value in female rats was slightly lower than that of the male rats.


PROFESSIONAL TRAVELSome 200 scientists at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) may be no-shows next month at the year's biggest neuroscience meeting, thanks to a management directive by the Bush Administration to limit government travel. NIH officials hope that a personal appeal by several institute directors will persuade their bosses at the Department of Health and Human Services that the policy could hinder progress in biomedical research.


The purchase of goods meant to assure the functioning of lower education establishments in the best conditions, of the educational process in accordance with the legal requirements of our country are followed conforming to the law , respectively to the Emergency Ordinance no. 34/2006, with the later modifications and completions. According to the Emergency Ordinance no 34/2006, some of the lower education establishments meet the legal conditions of being contracting authorities, having competences regarding the assignment of public procurement contracts. Due to the difficulties met by lower education establishments in exercising the role itself of contracting authorities and also by the necessity of efficient use of public funds for the procurement process, the purchase of some of the goods which are necessary to entities from schools is utterly imposed in a centralized system.


The current knowledge of Active Galaxies (AGN) as well as new observational facts suggest that sophisticated observational techniques are necessary to advance our view on AGN. In this work the "Unified Model" (UM) of AGN is investigated, giving particular emphasis on three topics:For the VBLG evidence for a disk-wind-model of the BLR are found. Different variations of this model are discussed. This is a major result corresponding with other recent observations and improving the standard view of the BLR and the Unified Model of AGN.


Rats were trained on a VI/EXT discrimination using barpressing in a Skinner box for food reinforcement. The discriminanda consisted of different proportions of noise to silence within a fixed 3-s noise-plus-silence repeating cycle. These stimuli were easily discriminated by human subjects, but the rats formed the discrimination only poorly and after considerable training. Analysis of response rates during noise and silence separately within the 3-s noise-plus-silence cycle showed higher response rates during noise, irrespective of whether this was during the positive or during the negative stimulus, or whether relatively long duration of noise or relatively short duration of noise (within the 3-s cycle) constituted the positive stimulus. These results are seen as providing an instance of the dynamogenic effects of stimulus intensity on response vigour to which the Perkins-Logan generalization of inhibition hypothesis of stimulus intensity dynamism cannot apply.


Paratubal cysts, also known as Morgagni's hydatid cysts, are found in the mesosalpinx, independent of the lumen of the salpinx, and account for approximately 10% of all adnexal masses [1]. Approximately 76% of these cysts originate from the remnants of paramesonephric (Müllerian) or mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts [2]. Most paratubal cysts are benign; however, approximately 2–3% of these cysts have been reported to be malignant [3]. Borderline paratubal cysts (BPC) are very rare, with only nine cases reported in the literature available in English [1, 3-10]. Diagnosing BPCs is difficult. Preoperative imaging studies and tumor markers can be helpful to evaluate the potential malignancy. However, typical imaging findings and tumor markers are currently unknown. Hence, frozen-section analysis may be helpful for making diagnoses in such cases. The appropriate surgical management of BPCs is not well-established owing to its rarity. Finding the optimal treatment for these cysts requires more case reports with long-term monitoring or follow-up. Here, the authors report a case of a borderline paratubal serous cyst in which the patient was followed up postoperatively for ten years, and they also present a review of the literature. Case Report


This page provides information about the Yorkshire and Humber Commercial Support Unit (CSU). It is a virtual organisation operating on behalf of both Commissioners and Providers across the region. Information about the CSU is hosted on the Yorkshire and Humber Public Health Observatory (YHPHO) website.


When she awoke on the morning of 20 March 1995, Takahashi Shizue was, in her words, ''just a regular housewife'' planning a long-awaited hot spring holiday to the northern Japanese island of Hokkaidô (Takahashi, 2008, pp. 3–4, p. 81). Just a few hours later, her husband, Kazumasa, had been killed by toxic sarin gas at his workplace, the Kasumigaseki subway station, and Takahashi had begun a transformation into a prominent victims' rights advocate and international spokesperson for victims of terrorism. This article focuses on Takahashi as an individual and looks at how her changing rhetoric of embodied grief signified a broader shift in her politics. I demonstrate that Takahashi's understanding of grief was influenced at least in part by connections with international victims of crime and terrorism, predominantly in the United States, and shaped by a global discourse of terrorism and war, made prominent after the terrorist attacks in the US on September 11, 2001. Takahashi came to public prominence at a time of intense media interest in the gas attacks that killed her husband, and concomitant interest in Aum Shinrikyô, the religious sect to which the perpetrators of the gassings belonged. As Helen Hardacre (2007, p. 175) has shown, the media was thoroughly obsessed with Aum, with the major newspaper Asahi Shimbun devoting front-page space to stories about the sect for 79 days after the incident, and the Fuji television daily news broadcast featuring Aum stories for 113 days after the gassing. While much of this initial media interest focused on the sect and its leadership, within a short time the focus shifted to victims. Takahashi, as an articulate, grieving widow willing to speak out through the media, came to embody victimhood to the public. The media certainly played a significant role in the promotion of Takahashi into this role, as did members of the legal team that assisted with the creation of victims' groups. In this article, however, I am primarily interested in suggesting how concepts of grief and the embodied experiences of trauma shape victim activism in a global


The tissues in leaf blades, midribs, sheaths and stems of normal (N), 5848, and two brown midrib (bmr) mutants, 5753 and 5778, of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R Br) were examined for structural characteristics related to digestibility. The anatomies of the various plant parts were not substantially different between N and bmr plants. The more rigid, lignified tissues such as vascular bundles in all plant parts and the rind of stems were not digested after incubation for 7 days in N or bmr plants, indicating that modifications in these tissues were not sufficient to affect biodegradation. Modifications in the digestible tissues resulted in faster and more extensive degradation in bmr plants, and these changes appear to be the most significant in relation to biodegradation. The parenchyma of midveins and stems, which occupies c 70 and 60% of the cross-sectional area of these respective parts, were the sites where modification in phenolics resulted in the greatest improvement in digestibility.


This paper summarizes the characteristics of PDC bit.Through rock breaking mechanism analysis of PDC bit and its field application,the special requirement and parameter of using PDC bit is proposed.And at the same time,field application of PDC bit shows that it can reduce drilling cost,improve drilling speed and shorten drilling cycle during drilling.