Abstract Thymomas are relatively rare tumors that have been reported in a number of rabbits. Clinical signs may be nebulous or a result of the effect of the tumor on the occupied space. Diagnosis is made by aspiration cytology or tissue biopsy and histopathology. Treatment options for thymomas in people and animals include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Surgery appears to offer the best chance for cure and is recommended when possible; however, radiation therapy may also be effective. Chemotherapy alone appears to have limited utility, at least in the rabbit. This article will discuss these treatment options and their use in rabbits with thymoma, both as reported in the literature and based on our experience.


The dominant theme of this thesis is the construction of matrix representations of finite solvable groups using a suitable system of generators. For a finite solvable group $G$ of order $N = p_{1}p_{2}\dots p_{n}$, where $p_{i}$'s are primes, there always exists a subnormal series: $\langle {e} \rangle = G_{o} < G_{1} < \dots < G_{n} = G$ such that $G_{i}/G_{i-1}$ is isomorphic to a cyclic group of order $p_{i}$, $i = 1,2,\dots,n$. Associated with this series, there exists a system of generators consisting $n$ elements $x_{1}, x_{2}, \dots, x_{n}$ (say), such that $G_{i} = \langle x_{1}, x_{2}, \dots, x_{i} \rangle$, $i = 1,2,\dots,n$, which is called a "long system of generators". In terms of this system of generators and conjugacy class sum of $x_{i}$ in $G_{i}$, $i = 1,2, \dots, n$, we present an algorithm for constructing the irreducible matrix representations of $G$ over $\mathbb{C}$ within the group algebra $\mathbb{C}[G]$. This algorithmic construction needs the knowledge of primitive central idempotents, a well defined set of primitive (not necessarily central) idempotents and the "diagonal subalgebra" of $\mathbb{C}[G]$. In terms of this system of generators, we give simple expressions for the primitive central idempotents, a well defined system of primitive (not necessarily central) idempotents and a convenient set of generators of the "diagonal subalgebra" of $\mathbb{C}[G]$.
For a finite abelian group, we present an algorithm for constructing the inequivalent irreducible matrix representations over a field of characteristic $0$ or prime to the order of the group and a systematic way of computing the primitive central idempotents of the group algebra. Besides that, we give simple expressions of the primitive central idempotents of the rational group algebra of a finite abelian group using a "long presentation" and it's Wedderburn decomposition.


Most common tasks in automation, as sorting, batching, palletizing, or pick and place, are implemented based on Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). Programming PLCs requires skilled developers and implies careful debugging, due to using standard PLC programming tools which lack e.g. warning against simultaneous access to non-shareable outputs. Resorting to Discrete Event Systems (DESs) theory that enables designing novel programming methodologies. DESs in the vein of Petri nets or, more specifically, Interpreted Petri nets (IPNs), allow representing many industrial systems. We consider IPNs to approach the objective of controlling the usage of non-shareable resources. In this thesis we create a toolchain for PLC programming. We consider a DES graphical editing interface, in a specific class of Petri nets (PN) containing signal inputs and outputs, namely the IOPT tools by UNINOVA. We propose a software toolbox, working on the IOPT representation, converting Petri nets to a PLC programming language, Structured Text (ST). The conversion tool includes automatic code generation to detect and handle PLC outputs used simultaneously or at multiple points of the code possibly running in parallel. We demonstrate our tool-chain automatically supervising shareable or mutually exclusive resources, considering a industrial PLC programming environment, Unity Pro from Schneider, and a 3D environment simulator, Factory IO from Real Games company.


The paper describes a simulator study of a four-terminal HVdc system with a small parallel tap and interconnected to an AC network with weak AC systems at the four dc terminals. The small tap is rated at 25% of the rating of the HVdc system and the effective short-circuit ratios at the dc terminals are in the range of 2.1 to 3.0. The study includes the transient performance of the dc system for various types of system disturbances, such as AC system faults, dc line faults, and commutation failure at the small inverter.


The engineering construction project earlier period investigation and study,the design,the construction,completion approved various stages the investment management and controls has carried on the elaboration,it points out must investigate and study fully in the project earlier period,determined that the appropriate construction scale and the construction standard,simultaneously needed to carry out the quota design,in construction strict design alteration,and must establish the strict auditing system,so as to project investment control in budgetary estimate scope.


In this paper we propose a differential dynamic dual rail CMOS logic style for ultra-low-voltage and high-speed operation. For a supply voltage equal to 300mV using a 90nm TSMC CMOS process the delay of the proposed logic style is reduced more than 96% compared to the delay of dual rail clocked voltage switch logic.


Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) represents an important instrument for the evaluation process of alcohol consumption. But there is not a consensus on its use in the routine practice. The objective of this study was to compare carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma- glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) assays for the evaluation of alcohol consumption. 165 patients (100 males and 65 females) were included in this study. Patients were divided into five categories according to alcohol consumption: category 1 included non-weaned patients drinking more than 30 g/day for women and more than 50 g/day for men, category 2 included relapse patients, category 3 included moderate drinkers, category 4 included patients weaned less than one month, and category 5 included patients weaned more than one month. A specifically standardized questionnaire was used. Blood samples were drawn at the alcohol-cure outpatient centre. Samples were drawn at the first consultation and later as prescribed depending on the clinical situation. Sensitivity of CDT varied, depending on patient category, from 36% to 96% versus 45% to 70% for GGT. Specificity of CDT varied from 72% to 90% versus 21% to 61% for GGT. This study shows that carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is more accurate in predicting alcohol consumption compared with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in alcoholic patients evaluation.


Silicene zigzag nanoribbons are studied using ab initio simulation methods. We find novel structureproperty relations influenced by several factors, such as the magnitude of the width, spin polarization, spinorbit coupling, and extended topological defects. It is obtained that while defect-free silicene nanoribbons experience antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic transition as a function of the width, all defective nanoribbons are ferromagnets. At the same time, the spin-orbit coupling role is significant as it leads to spin-dependent energy gaps in the electronic structure. The origin of edged spin polarization is also studied in terms of the balance between the exchange correlation and kinetic energy contributions. The uncovered unique spindependent properties may be useful for the application of silicene nanoribbons in spintronic applications.


This paper solves the issues of determining the number Fn of fuzzy subsets of a nonempty finite set X. To solve this, this paper incorporates the equivalence relation on the collection of all fuzzy subsets of X. We derive two closed explicit formulas for Fn, which is the sum of a finite series in the product of binomial numbers or the sum of k-level fuzzy subsets Fn,k by introducing a classification technique. Moreover, these explicit formulas enable us to find the number of the maximal chains of crisp subsets of X. Further, this paper presents some elementary properties of Fn,k and Fn.


The substitution of I - by Cl - in the 17-electron organometallic complex CpMoI 2 (PMe 3 ) 2 (Cp=η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) has been investigated kinetically by using (PPN)CI as the chloride source in CH 2 Cl 2 with quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy monitoring. Under strictly controlled conditions (absence of traces of oxidants) the reaction is kinetically well-behaved and the iodochloro complex, CpMoICl(PMe 3 ) 2 , can be observed as an intermediate


The present article takes the following question as its starting point: What does it mean to think about eviction and its consequences based on the narratives of women who have faced these processes? By examining the narratives and thoughts of women who have either undergone eviction or are living under its threat, it is possible to highlight dimensions of the process that may otherwise go unnoticed by analyses that focus on other dimensions, and which do not appraise the characteristics of those being evicted and what this represents in terms of the totality of the phenomenon. By shedding light on the multiplicity of impacts resulting from the eviction processes, it is possible to return to the conceptual notion itself, so that it may be formulated from the bottom up, i.e., from the various experiences that comprise it. Ultimately, what is eviction? What does it mean to live under the threat of losing your home?


Teacher efficacy refers to a teacher's self-perceived beliefs regarding his or her ability to organize and execute courses of actions to successfully accomplish a specific teaching task in a particular context (Tschannen-Moran, Woolfolk Hoy, & Hoy; 1998). Researchers revealed that teaching efficacy can influence a teacher's instructional effectiveness as well as student motivation and achievement (Barr, 2005; Herman, 2000; Mojavezi & Tamiz, 2012; Nelson, 2007). Since teacher efficacy are subject-matter specific (Bandura, 1997; Tschannen-Moran et al., 1998), mathematics teaching efficacy becomes a powerful factors to teachers' future behavioral actions in teaching mathematics and student mathematical


ABSTRACT Bifidobacteria are beneficial microorganisms dominantly present in the gastrointestinal tract and provide numerous nutritional and health benefits to the host. Colonization to the mucosal surface is the foundation to execute bifidobacterial probiotic functions. Mechanisms of adhesion between bifidobacteria and the host are still not clear; however, the surface-associated proteins of the bacteria play a significant role. In our previous study, GroEL protein was speculated to be participating in the bifidobacterial adhesion to the epithelial cells. In the present work, we have focused on determining the function of GroEL protein in inhibiting the bacterial adhesion to Caco-2 cells. We cloned groEL gene and constructed an expression plasmid pQE-30-groEL. IPTG was used to induct the GroEL protein in Escherichia coli M15 and the GroEL protein was purified by affinity chromatography. Results showed that the recombinant GroEL protein inhibited bacteria bound to Caco-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Above all, GroEL was indicated to be an adhesion factor in bifidobacteria.


This study aimed to determine what general detective attributes are considered professional in the South African Police Service (SAPS) based on public assessments. This study followed a quantitative research approach and utilized a non-probability, purposive, or judgmental sampling technique. The findings confirmed that good attributes such as acting with integrity, in line with the values and ethical standards of the SAPS, expand on earlier studies that suggested informal contact raises public opinion of the police. It could be that those predisposed to be more favorable are likelier to initiate informal contact with officers. In any event, it seems likely that promoting informal social contact may favorably influence public opinion. The SAPS may want to evaluate how they encourage or discourage informal contact with residents. It would seem then, from the findings of this study, that if more general detectives would portray greater attributes when interacting with the public, there would be more legitimacy, less victimization, less fear of crime, lower perceived levels of violent crime, a lower perceived disorder in one's neighborhood, and higher neighborhood cohesion and control.


This study is on the project of forming the community zone at Wakahisa district in Fukuoka-city. We researched the process of residents participation and agreement by analyzing the conference minutes and interview. As the special feature ofthis case study, the conferences that were held great number of times, the familiarity by naming streets, the analysis from children's viewpoint, and the reconstruction of streets, are mentioned. It became clear that existence of the leader-person of the area, judgment through the experiences, visualizing the image of facilities, mutual communication, and sharing of information are required for promotion of agreement.


A new approach for the preparation of hydrophilic and biocompatible porous scaffolds is described. The procedure involves the derivatization of a biopolymer by the introduction of vinylic moieties, formation of a high‐internal‐phase oil‐in‐water emulsion, and its subsequent polymerization. The ensuing materials are characterized by a highly porous morphology represented by pores completely interconnected by a plurality of holes. The hydrophilic and biocompatible nature of these materials make them good candidates for application as scaffolds for tissue engineering.


The purpose of this lecture is to explore how best to read scripture, particularly when it refers to natural phenomena, in the light of modern science. It will be argued that when scripture speaks of natural phenomena, it is not speaking scientifically but theologically. A first step in establishing ground rules for reading scripture in today's scientific and technological age involves identifying the metaphysical assumptions and methodologies that underpin both theology and science. These assumptions are not 'set in concrete', nor were they delivered on 'tablets of stone'. In fact they go on being refined by informed feedback. Once there is some agreement regarding underlying assumptions it becomes possible to entertain meaningful dialogue concerning links at the metaphysical level between theological and scientific concepts that relate to the same reality. The discussion will be in the context of a view of creation theology which acknowledges a real debt to modern science and in which science is seen to be God's gift to us. This implies the need to relate science and theology carefully when both address the same reality. An important consequence is that science can, and must, inform our reading of scripture while Scripture can and does inform our science. Examples will be drawn from well-known creation texts [Genesis 1-3, John 1:1-14, Colossians 1:15-19], the Psalms and other references to natural phenomena found elsewhere in both NT and OT. They will be considered on their own merits, taking into account the kind of literature involved.


In this paper, we present the results of a study carried out with Mechatronics engineering students at the Tecnologico de Mexico in Hermosillo, Mexico. The purpose of this research was to design a profile that will be the goal for our students inside of Internet of Things (IoT) laboratory.Students do not have training that allows them to acquire intellectual property. For this, it seeks to train them in an emerging technologies laboratory where students can develop projects from which they can acquire the exclusive right over the technology and generate in them the necessary skills to achieve it.


The most commonly causing cancer among Indian women is breast cancer and it effecting all over world with its impact. According to the medical reports of breast cancer patients in India were unable to hold the pain and about half of them are dying. In the proposed work used a machine learning algorithm to decrease the pre-processing time and to detection the symptoms and for better accuracy. The system is trained pre-processed image of fed to the system which are in the form of mammograms in common the X-ray of breast. The system which has the data segregated into the training and testing datasets analyses the input images based on the characters or the labels assigned to them done with the application of few of the algorithms which are present in the machine learning we compare the data or the image and probable output based on the character labels is obtained in the form of result. Compared to existing work and the proposed machine learning model as a serious of combination and permutations of algorithms lead to increase in the efficacy of the result and got the accuracy of 97.4% using random forests algorithm. Keywords— Breast cancer, machine learning, X-ray, random


: The problem that might occur in floating structures with mooring systems is clashing between mooring lines with subsea equipment, for example pipelines. Addition of subsea buoys on the mooring line can lift the mooring line so that it can avoid clashing. The addition of the subsea buoy can affect tension on the mooring line. This research discusses the effects of subsea buoy to the tension of mooring line with a variation position of subsea buoy. Variations on the position of one subsea buoy is arranged at the distance of 605 m, 577.5 m, 550 m, 522.5 m from anchor and two subsea buoys at the distance 605 m and 467.5 m from the anchor. The analysis was carried out on stand alone and offloading conditions with wave directions 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°. The results after the addition of subsea buoys it has a smaller tension on the mooring line. The result of the variation of subsea buoy position, the optimum position to get the smallest tension value is when the variation of two subsea buoys with a distance of 605 m and 467.5 m from the anchor. From the results of the analysis there is also no clashing between the mooring line and pipeline.


The nutrient composition and some anti-nutritional factors of the raw and cooked-defatted Canavalia ensiformis seeds were determined. The raw seeds recorded 24.48 ± 0. 28% crude protein, 12.40 ± 0.18% fat, 2.47 ± 0.43% crude fiber, 3.22 ± o.24% ash, while the processed seeds cooked-defatted on the other hand recorded 50.02 ± 4.71% crude protein, 5.48 ± 0.25% fat, 2.51 ± 0.31% crude fiber, 3.69 ± 0.52% ash. The seeds contain high amounts of K +, Zn 2+, Na + but low level of Ca 2+. The raw seed has the highest levels of trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid and oxalic acid which were significantly reduced (p Keywords : Jack bean, Canavalia ensiformis,nutrient composition, anti-nutrients IJOTAFS Vol. 1 (1) 2007: pp. 48-51


The Malayan giant squirrel, Ratufa bicolor has an extensive mainland distribution, occurring from Singapore to southern China and northeastern India in a variety of tropical and sub-tropical forests as well as on Sumatra and Java. Species was common amongst most deciduous, evergreen and semi-evergreen forests all over Assam, from plains to hills. It was rare but common in some pockets within the protected area and reserved forests. Fewer studies have been conducted on this species in India. The present study provides a brief account of its nesting habitat characteristics in the Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam to initiates conservation implications. A total of 50 nests of Malayan giant squirrels were located from February 2010 to February 2011 in the study area. Habitat characteristics along with food habits and food types were observed and analyzed its proportional use. The implications of the results for the conservation and management of the squirrel habitats in this sanctuary have been discussed.


In this study, future projections of the thermal environment in the summer of the 2050s in the Nagoya metropolitan area were carried out by using a regional atmospheric model, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF). Three disaster-mitigation/prevention type urban structure models were introduced for the future projections. A tsunami-damage mitigation/prevention model, a strong-motion damage mitigation/prevention model, and a liquefaction-damage mitigation/prevention model were designed as the future urban structure models considering a reduction of the urban area according to a projected decrease in population. By comparing with the results obtained from the present land-use model, their impacts on the future thermal environment were quantitatively investigated.


This thesis consists of two parts. The first part focuses on design and analysis for computer experiments and the second part deals with binary time series and its application to kinetic studies in micropipette experiments.
The first part of the thesis addresses three problems. The first problem is concerned with optimal design of computer experiments. Latin hypercube designs (LHDs) have been used extensively for computer experiments. A randomly generated LHD can have a systematic pattern: the variables may be highly correlated or the design may not have good space-filling properties. There are procedures for finding good LHDs by minimizing the pairwise correlations or maximizing the inter-site distances. We show that these two criteria need not be equivalent or even in close agreement. Therefore, a multi-objective optimization approach is proposed to find good LHDs by combining correlation and distance performance measures. A new exchange algorithm for efficiently generating such designs is also proposed. Several examples are presented to show that the new algorithm is fast, and that the obtained designs are good in terms of both criteria.
The second problem is related to the analysis of computer experiments. Kriging is the most popular method for approximating complex computer models. The most popular kriging method, known as ordinary kriging, uses a constant mean in the model. Here a modified kriging method is proposed, which has an unknown mean model. Therefore it is called blind kriging. The unknown mean model is identified from experimental data using a Bayesian variable selection technique. Many examples are presented which show remarkable improvement in prediction using blind kriging over ordinary kriging. Moreover, the blind kriging predictor is easier to interpret and more robust to misspecification in the correlation parameters.
The third problem is related to computer experiments with nested and branching factors. In many experiments, some of the factors exist only within the level of another factor. Such factors are often called nested factors. A factor within which other factors are nested is called a branching factor. For example, suppose we want to experiment with two processing methods. The factors involved in these two methods can be different. Thus, in this experiment the processing method is a branching factor and the other factors are nested within the branching factor. Design and analysis of experiments with branching and nested factors are challenging and have not received much attention in the literature. Motivated by a computer experiment in a machining process, we develop optimal LHDs and kriging methods that can accommodate branching and nested factors. Through the application of the proposed methods, optimal machining conditions and tool edge geometry are attained, which resulted in a remarkable improvement in the machining process.
The second part of the thesis deals with binary time series analysis with application to cell adhesion frequency experiments. Repeated adhesion frequency assay is the only published method for measuring the kinetic rates of cell adhesion. Cell adhesion plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. Traditional analysis of adhesion frequency experiments assumes that the adhesion test cycles are independent Bernoulli trials. This assumption can often be violated in practice. Motivated by the analysis of repeated adhesion tests, a binary time series model incorporating random effects is developed in this chapter. A goodness-of-fit statistic is introduced to assess the adequacy of distribution assumptions on the dependent binary data with random effects. The asymptotic distribution of the goodness-of-fit statistic is derived and its finite-sample performance is examined via a simulation study. Application of the proposed methodology to real data from a T-cell experiment reveals some interesting information, including the dependency between repeated adhesion tests. These results provide some quantitative evidence to the speculation that cells can have "memory" in their adhesion behavior.


Let and be two integral positive definite quadratic forms in the same number of variables, and let and be complete systems of representatives of the different classes in the genus of the form and , respectively. The author proves, in particular, that where denotes the number of integral representations of the form by the form , and .Bibliography: 6 titles.


Anquetil-Duperron was one of the main critics of Montesquieu's concept of despotism, a tenacious opponent of eurocentrism and an unconventional exponent of anticolonial thought in the Enlightenment. He questioned the philosophical use of travel literature and also denounced that philosophy can be an instrument of conquest, grounding colonization's image of the world. This article focuses on the original relationship that his works disclosed between colonialism and philosophy.


Anisotropy in composition structure of injection-molded polypropylene plate filled with glass fiber was studied by means of measuring that thermal diffusivity. Two types of test films, whose thickness direction was vertical to melt flow direction (MD) or transverse direction to the melt flow (TD), were cut from the injection-molded plates, with a diamond cutter and a microtome. Glass fiber contents in the test films were 0, 5, 10 and 20 weight percent. Those thermal diffsivity was measured by a simple non-steady state method, using AC Joule heating, which had been developed in our laboratory. Then, the thermal diffsivity of injection-molded plate was evaluated as anisotropic in the place near the gate. Further, it was clarified by the obervation of dispersion and orientation states of glass fiber with polarizing light microscopy, that the orientation of glass fiber caused the anisotropy in the thermal diffusivity, rather than weight percent of the glass fiber.


Field is cracked the present invention relates to waste polyolefin, in particular it relates to which a kind of oxyhydrogen combustion method directly heats the device and method of cracking stone waste polyolefin.Device of the present invention, including oxygen-hydrogen burner (1 3) and Pintsch process reaction unit (1 1), the oxygen-hydrogen burner (1 3) is connected with high-temperature pyrolysis reactor (1 1), the Pintsch process reaction unit (1 1) includes high-temperature pyrolysis reactor (2 1), and the high-temperature pyrolysis reactor (2 1) includes the blender (2 1a) and reactor (2 1b) being vertically connected with;The relative two side of the blender (2 1a) is tangentially respectively arranged with the top of superheated vapour entrance (3 1) and gas-liquid mixed material entrance (3 3), the blender (2 1a) and is in axial direction provided with Gaseous materials entrance (3 2).The present invention using superheated vapour and material be tangential or axial backmixing mode, it is possible to prevente effectively from mixing it is uneven bring cross and crack or cracking is incomplete.


Association-analyses were made of montane grasslands (patanas) of Sri Lanka using higher plant and soil microfungal data. Stand classifications derived from higher plants and microfungi were remarkably parallel and were in complete agreement with the tentative division of patanas into five major types. The ecological distinctiveness of the five patanas was further evident from the phytosociological affinities of species indicated by classifications of higher plants and microfungi. Multivariate analyses of higher plants and fungi from the same ecosystem are regarded as alternative approaches which provide more information together than alone.


The long‐acting antianginal drug molsidomine has been shown experimentally to reduce myocardial infarct size when administered prior to or after cardiac insult. This is due to several drug actions.


A pre-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of MCH Care Package
on knowledge and attitude regarding male involvement in the MCH services among
males at selected setting, Chennai.
OBJECTIVES
1. To assess the pre and post level of knowledge and attitude regarding male
involvement in the MCH services among males
2. To assess the effectiveness of MCH Care package on knowledge and
attitude regarding male involvement in the MCH services among males
3. To correlate mean differed knowledge score with attitude score.
4. To associate the mean differed level of knowledge and attitude score with
selected demographic variables.
ASSUMPTIONS
1. Males have a role to play in the maternal and child health services
2. Males may have some knowledge regarding their involvement in the maternal
and child health services.
3. The maternal and child health care package may enhance the knowledge and
attitude regarding male involvement in the maternal and child health services.
4. Knowledge on male involvement in MCH care may enhance the attitude on
male involvement during MCH care practices.
NULL HYPOTHESES
NH1 - There is no significant difference between pre &posttest level of
knowledge and attitude regarding male involvement in the MCH
services
NH2 - There is no significant relationship between mean differed knowledge
and attitude score.
NH3 - There is no significant association of the mean improvement level of
knowledge and attitude score with the selected demographic variables.
DELIMITATION
The study was delimited to a period of 4 weeks of data collection.


We generalize the Cosmological Slingshot Scenario for a Slingshot brane moving in a Klebanov-Strassler throat. We show that the horizon and isotropy problems of standard cosmology are avoided, while the flatness problem is acceptably alleviated. Regarding the primordial perturbations, we identify their vacuum state and elucidate the evolution from the quantum to the classical regimes. Also, we calculate their exact power spectrum showing its compatibility with current data. Finally, we discuss the effective four dimensional theory. PACS numbers: 04.50.+h,11.25.Wx,98.80-k


52–94% yields of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from carbohydrates such as monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides were achieved using PEG-OSO3H or PS-PEG-OSO3H as reusable catalysts in a DMSO/H2O reaction system. Using polymer-supported catalysis, corn stover could also be effectively transformed into HMF and furfural.


The Xiaowan hydropower station locates in a mountain-gorge region.The geodynamical process of the deeply-incised river valley decides its present morphological characteristics,rock mass structure and stability.It deeply affects slope design plan and selection of dam base surface.The field investigation and experimental analysis have resulted in the following main findings:(1)The exogenetic reconstruction of the deeply-incised valley slope is very strong because of unloading and weathering effect.A great number of middle-gentle fissures are generated.The SN high dip angle fissures near slope surface are propagated and gapping.A great number of EW compressed zone(surface)generated near the slope surface.(2)the generation mechanism of middle-gentle fissures includes propagation of old joint and new generation.The middle-gentle fissures in river valley bottom are further propagated because of differential unloading rebound.When rock mass quality in the upper slope is step-wisely lowering and so earth stresses are step-wisely adjusted,the middle-gentle fissures are propagated because of shear slide.The river valley slope stepwise enters the time-effect deformation period;(3)The geo-engineering classification of river valley slope is proposed.The potential deformation failure modes of each classification are topping failure,plane slide,step-like slide,wedge failure and accumulation body failure.


The relation of discrepancies between visual and verbal memory to right‐left asymmetries of resting state brain glucose metabolism was studied in 11 healthy elderly subjects. Short‐ and long‐term memory were measured with experimental continuous recognition tests. Regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose were determined with positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose. Long‐term memory discrepancy was related to parietal and hemispheric metabolic asymmetries, such that subjects with better visual than verbal memory had higher right than left brain glucose metabolic rates, whereas others showed the opposite pattern. These results show that specific visual and verbal memory abilities in the healthy elderly are related to regional differences in cerebral cortical metabolism.


A deep learning neural network has been developed to efficiently and accurately clean the background noise in experimental lab-based X-ray diffraction images. A better spot segmentation is obtained and thus grain mapping in 3D is improved compared with the conventional method.


Editor's Note: This is the second in a series of four articles related to the functional role of community college registrars and web systems implementation projects. The result of doctoral research in educational leadership, the first article discussed the functional role of community college registrars during web-enabled student information system implementation projects; this article focuses on the role of registrars as mid-level managers during major organizational change, such as systems implementation. The third article will review related literature on administrative role conflict and ambiguity, and the fourth will focus on the registrar's role as a leader during technology change. Several writers have recognized variations in higher education administrators' roles and functions (Graff 1986; Kerr 1991; Quann 1979; Rashdall 1936). As they emerged in the Middle Ages, the registrar's duties originally were carried out by highly respected and privileged rectors or chief administrative officials; later, some of the duties were handled by scribes or secretaries (Rashdall 1936). In 1289, an official list or Matricula of enrolled students was developed in response to ongoing disputes as to whether a person was in fact enrolled, a scholar, and thus entitled to certain privileges. However, the official title of registrar did not come into use until the 15th century (Rashdall 1936). Originally published in 1940, Alma Preinkert's The Work of the Registrar was re-published by aacrao in 2004. Preinkert, a respected university registrar of lengthy tenure, focused on the registrar's role as one of attending to students' problems and articulating with other administrative offices. According to Preinkert, powers and responsibilities accompanied function to establish a registrar's role. Functions broadly involved admissions, student records, and interpretation of student records. Preinkert observed that registrars' duties were better understood at larger institutions. Quann (1979) studied and categorized college and university registrars' functions, responsibilities, and titles and recognized variations by size and scope of the institution, internal organizational structure, financial resources, and the education and experience of the individual official. Quann (1979) provided a list of duties and responsibilities often found to be within the purview of the registrar. Significant duties included "registration and scheduling, grade reporting and record keeping, transcript preparation and certification, catalog and brochure preparation, veterans' affairs, data processing, and research and reporting" (Quann 1979, p.19). As one of the chief administrative offices, the registrar's office handled all aspects of student enrollment and records, and the registrar maintained the official college seal (Quann 1979). He sometimes served on the curriculum committee and most often reported to the highest-ranking academic official (though sometimes to the highest-ranking student affairs official) (Quann). Burr (1980) used a survey questionnaire and interviews to study job satisfaction among community college and university registrars in Florida and also identified the job functions of the registrars included in the study. These functions were identified as: * Selection, supervision, coordination, and evaluation of staff * Responsibility for student enrollment and records * Undergraduate and/or graduate registration; scheduling of classes, examinations, and classroom facilities; and maintenance of student records * Professional and civic activities * Counseling and advising students, parents of students, and other interested groups or individuals * Participation in program planning and budgeting (Burr). Certain aspects of the registrar's functional role as found by Rashdall (1936), Preinkert (2004), Quann (1979), and Burr (1980) may have been considered unique to that office. …


Abstract In search of alternatives for the professional conservator to use in the struggle against fungi that deteriorate paper documents, we decided to research chitosan, given its antimolding and strengthening properties. This, the second of two articles on the results, reports on the antifungal effects. We used samples of Whatman no. 1 filter paper sized with three chitosan salts—chitosan acetate (AQ), chitosan butyrate (BQ), and chitosan propionate (PQ)—and three cellulose ethers—carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). They were sterilized with ethylene oxide (EtO) and inoculated with Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium sp., and Chaetomium britannicum spores. After the biological tests, chitosan salts showed considerably more antifungal resistance and improved resistance in paper compared with cellulose ethers.


Urban energy simulation can provide valuable information to urban planning, urban energy management, and urban emission reduction. Therefore, urban energy simulation has become an active research discipline. Various urban energy simulation methods and techniques have been developed and applied to cities on different scales. A review is conducted to categorize these methods and techniques and to analyze their pros and cons. Several representative methods and techniques are compared for their data inputs, suitable scales, accuracy, and computing speeds. Hangzhou South Railway Station area, which contains 522 buildings, is used as the case to evaluate the effectiveness and challenges of different urban energy simulation methods.


The present study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Shipley-Hartford and Wonderlic in the prediction of Full Scale WAIS—R IQs while controlling for subjects' reading ability. 34 psychiatric patients from the Waco VA Medical Center who had attained at least a sixth-grade reading level on the basis of the Wide Range Achievement Test—Revised were administered the WAIS—R, Shipley-Hartford and Wonderlic in random order. Significant correlations were found between Full Scale WAIS—R IQs and age-corrected WAIS—R equivalent scores for the Shipley-Hartford and the Wonderlic. The results of these and other analyses supported the view that both the Shipley-Hartford and Wonderlic are accurate in making gross estimates of Full Scale WAIS—R IQs. The results are discussed in the context of previous research, using both clinical and nonclinical samples. Clinical implications and suggestions for research, including further methodological refinements, are also discussed


Although public policy and public administration are intuitively practical fields of scholarship, much public affairs research never affects practice. Previous studies have shown that one major predictor of whether a given research study or researcher achieves impact is the researcher's motivation to do so. Using data from a survey of 409 authors of articles in major public affairs journals, we present and test models of the determinants of researchers' use motivations with regard to specific research studies and over the course of their careers. Results indicate that previous experience as a practitioner is positively associated with perceived career-long use motivation and rewards for use associated with tenure and promotion, although not with annual evaluations. In addition, project-specific use motivation is positively associated with perceived career-long use motivation, academic age, a study suggestion made by a practitioner, and methodological contribution. Motivations based on a desire to appear productive or on suggestions from researcher colleagues are negatively associated with study-specific use. Points for practitioners Academic motivation to affect policymaking is positively associated with rewards associated with tenure and promotion, although not with year-end evaluations. Longer-serving researchers, and those with practitioner experience, report greater motivation to affect practice through their research.


The Macrofauna in the core region of Zhanjiang Mangrove Nature Reserves,closed to Deyao and Hongzhai Villages,were studied in April and July in 2005.Using the ABC curve method to evaluate the pollution of the mangrove,the result indicates that the mangrove closed to Deyao Village is polluted at light degree in April,but at medium degree in July.The mangrove closed to Hongzhai Village is polluted at heavy degree both in April and July.


Discrepancies in coefficient values of the order of those recorded by the Laboratory of the Royal Institute of Public Health (1923) were obtained by the writer when determining the Rideal-Walker coefficient of four samples of disinectants. In these determinations he had adhered srictly to the technique laid down in the British Standards Institution's specification No. 541, of 1934.


The long time behavior of the solutions of a general reaction-diffusion system (RDS) that covers many examples, such as the RDS with polynomial nonlinearity and Ginzburg-Landau equation, is discussed. First, the existence of a compact uniform attractor A0 in H is proved without additional assumptions on the interaction functions. Then the structure of the attractor is obtained for a certain class of interaction functions without strong translation compactness. For instance, the interaction functions are not required to be uniformly continuous. Moreover, an interesting problem arises naturally from this paper.


WOMEN patients may have to share psychiatric wards with men who have a history of violence or sex abuse, according to a report by the Mental Health Act Commission.


In the last ten years, early childhood has become recognised as the pre‐eminent time to take action on reducing global health inequities. This study analysed the early childhood strategies of three Australian State Governments to assess action and achievement in addressing early childhood health inequities by acting on the social‐economic or 'upstream' determinants of health. This inquiry was undertaken using textual analysis of policy documents and interviews with public servants in Victoria, South Australia and the ACT. The findings suggest that the three States have an agenda for tackling early childhood inequities, with a growing appreciation for how this may be achieved through policy action on socioeconomic determinants. Governments will however need to strengthen an intrinsic whole‐of‐government commitment to equity in the early years, which will require an overarching commitment to human rights and a renewed dialogue about health inequities in the Australian community.


As a typical kinds of toxic gases, CO plays an important role in environmental monitoring, control of chemical processes, space missions, agricultural and medical applications. Graphene is considered a potential candidate of gases sensor, so the adsorption of CO molecules on various graphene, including pristine graphene, Nitrogen-doped graphene (N-doped graphene) and Aluminum-doped graphene (Al-doped graphene), are studied by using first-principles calculations. The optimal configurations, adsorption energies, charge transfer, and electronic properties including band structures, density of states and differential charge density are obtained. The adsorption energies of CO molecules on pristine graphene and N-doped graphene are −0.01 eV, and −0.03 eV, respectively. In comparison, the adsorption energy of CO on Al-doped graphene is much larger, −2.69 eV. Our results also show that there occurs a large amount of charge transfer between CO molecules and graphene sheet after the adsorption, which suggests Al-doped graphene is more sensitive to the adsorption of CO than pristine graphene and N-doped graphene. Therefore, the sensitivity of gases on graphene can be drastically improved by introducing the suitable dopants.


The EEG is the recording of the spontaneous electrical activity generated by cerebral neurons. Like all other cells in the body, neurons have high concentrations of potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl−) ions inside, while high concentrations of sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+) ions are kept outside. This leads to a voltage difference of about −60 to −70 mV with respect to the outside of the cell membrane. Such a voltage difference is modified by the flux of ions depending on the opening and closing of ion channels induced by electrical or chemical stimuli. A reduction of charge separation across the membrane, due to an influx of positive charged ions into the cell, results in a less negative membrane potential and is termed depolarisation, whereas an increase in charge separation leading to a more negative membrane potential is called hyperpolarisation. When a critical amount of Na+ enters the cell and the membrane potential reaches a threshold level, the opening of additional Na+ channels is facilitated leading to a sudden marked increase of depolarisation. This fast depolarising event corresponds to the rising phase of the action potential, while the falling phase is related to an outflux of K+ ions which, combined with a decrease of Na+ influx, induces a repolarisation of the cell. After an action potential, there is a transitory inactivation of Na+ channels that causes a refractory period during which another action potential cannot be generated.


Funds are transferred directly to beneficiaries, who can then withdraw them using a bank debit card. The programme is aimed at extremely poor families (monthly per capita household income of up to BRL85.00) regardless of family composition, and poor families (monthly per capita household income of between BRL85.01 and BRL170.00) if they include children and adolescents aged 0–17 years. The PBF includes a few benefits, but, in short, it transfers the necessary funds to extremely poor households so that each and every family member may overcome the extreme poverty threshold (BRL85/month). Poor families, in turn, receive so-called 'variable benefits'—BRL39 per child or adolescent aged 0–15 years and pregnant or nursing women, limited to five benefits per household— and a variable benefit for adolescents of BRL46 per adolescent aged 16–17 and attending school, limited to three benefits per household. The average monthly benefit is approximately BRL182 (as of July 2016).


Group velocity walk-off effect on frequency hopping optical code division multiple access (FH-OCDMA) system is analyzed. We develop a systematic method which employs transfer function considering encoder, fiber channel and decoder to analysis the FH-OCDMA system. The difference of group velocities affects system performance more seriously than dispersion effect. The results show that single mode fiber is not proper for the FH-OCDMA system even the transmission length is no more than 1 kilometer while the dispersion-shifted fiber is more suitable for FH-OCDMA system.


The theme of this essay has three aspects which it will be difficult to keep separate: x. Educational research is in the firm grip of its own orthodoxy, viz., only processes and phenomena that can be translated into publicly observable terms are legitimate targets for research. I shall refer to this orthodoxy as the "dogma of behavioral objectives" and will try to show that it is in large part responsible for the embarrassing discrepancy between the mountainous labor of educational research and its mouselike results. z. The dogma of behavioral objectives restricts educational research to what I shall refer to as the replicative use of school learnings, whereas the most important life-uses of such learnings for the citizen, or man in his nonspecialist role, are the associative and interpretive ones. 3. Can research be undertaken on the associative and interpretive life-uses of schooling? Can the nonexplicit, i.e., tacit, element in these uses of schooling be studied without self-contradiction?


ABSTRACT The work represents the results of research concerning the evaluation of buffer action of carboniferous claystones from coal mines from The Upper Silesia Coal Basin in Poland. These claystones are located in hard coal heaps where acidification is is due to weathering of pyrite included in them. The evaluation of buffer action is based on, model calculations, which take into account proton "release" while sulphides present in the rocks are being oxydated and mineral constituents neutralization ability. Activity of each mineral components are calculated using B.Ulrich (1986) model. The carboniferous claystones potential of buffering ability is presented. Possibility of buffer action change of these rocks by addition of low granular limestone is important for speed and intensity of this acidification process. The production of lime in Poland is very important and low granular limestone waste is easely obtainable. The use of this material for improvement of buffer action of carboniferous claystones i...


In this paper, we investigate Murre's conjecture on the existence of a Chow--Kuenneth decomposition for a rational homogeneous bundle $Z\to S$ over a smooth variety, defined over complex numbers. Absolute Chow-Kunneth projectors are exhibited for $Z$ whenever $S$ has a Chow--Kuenneth decomposition.


The article is a partial and summarized approach of phase three of the research Audiovisualities of web TVs with the objective to identify the directions enunciated for programming in on-line TVs. We used the frame methodology, with emphasis in analysis of the graphical interfaces of two platforms of traditional TVs in the internet and two platforms of web TVs. The results suggest that the programming on-line is another thing in both cases, and demands other concepts and references to understanding it.


Many people in the United States choose to adopt children into their families. Over the last ten years, it has become very popular to internationally adopt. Although the international adoption process is complex, it is very rewarding for the new family. This document is FCS2234, one of a series of the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published June 2005.


Variations of mixing state and chemical constituents of Asian dust (AD) particles having different transport pathways were investigated by measuring hygroscopicity and volatility of size-selected (1 μm) dust particles, and their morphology and elemental composition in Gwangju, Korea. Also, hygroscopicity and volatility of possible candidate chemical species that can be included in the dust particles was measured in a laboratory for comparison with field data. A significant amount of dust particles were found to be aged by internally mixing with hygroscopic and volatile species in different ways, depending on their transport pathway. Formation of hygroscopic CaCl2 and/or cloud processing of dust particles with sea-salt species were proposed as being central to the formation of hygroscopic species in the "less polluted AD" (in which the air mass arrived at sampling site without passing over significant industrial areas), and the existence of hygroscopic species in the "highly polluted AD" (in which the air mass passed over major industrial areas) was explained by the interaction of dust particles with anthropogenic pollutants (i.e., Ca(NO3)2 formation by heterogeneous reaction of HNO3 with dust particles and condensation of hygroscopic H2SO4 or (NH4)2SO4 onto the dust particles). Volatile carbonaceous species, which would exist on the surface of the dust particles, were also observed and their fraction significantly increased in the highly polluted AD due to a higher possibility to encounter air masses containing a significant amount of carbonaceous species. Morphological and elemental data identified three types of aged dust particles (reacted dust, cloud-processed dust, and aggregated dust). The production of various aged dust particles depending on their transport pathways has important implications on their different effects on cloud formation, radiation balance, and human health from original dust particles. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research


The information technology used by companies today is ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning) technology. This study aims to examine the role of ERP compatibility in improving the performance of MM-2100 manufacturing companies. Data is collected at manufacturing companies that have made ERP system adjustments. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires distributed to manufacturing companies, and as many as 78 questionnaires were obtained, which could be further processed. Retrieval of data using questionnaires submitted to the relevant section that has access to company inventory data. Data analysis was performed using the SEM-PLS technique using smart PLS software version 2.0. The results of the study show that ERP compatibility can increase internal information integration and inventory system continuously. However, ERP compatibility has no direct effect on manufacturing performance. Internal integration affects inventory systems and manufacturing performance with coefficients of 0.346 and 0.378, respectively. Internal integration allows other functions to be able to access inventory in the company. The company's inventory system that is controlled can perform efficiency and effectiveness for the company so that it has an impact on manufacturing performance with a coefficient of 0.766.


Extraction is an essential part of processing a document to ensure the success of the text mining process. In this study, the example of the SRS document used is the Integrated Service Application (APTU) KPKNL Bandung, an application to manage the process of submitting service tickets at the State Property and Auction Service Office. There is a difference in interpreting the activities that exist in the Use Case Description artifact with a Sequence Diagram that provides an overview of the functionality of a process to show the involvement of an activity related to the Use Case Description. This study aims to perform step extraction on the Use Case description. The results of this extraction are compared for their suitability with the sequence diagram using the concept of text mining. There are core results from this research activity. First, the highest similarity between documents is in the SP01 and SD01 documents, with the similarity value being 0.69108792. Second, the highest similarity between words is found in words "list" and "menu," with the similarity value being 0.9412. Third, the Kappa Score from Gwet's AC1 formula using the Python programming language is 0.12362, which means "Slight Agreement," while the Kappa Score value using a questionnaire filled in by the expert is 0.97464, which means "Almost perfect.


The contribution of the slow waves (SWs) on high-density plasma production by m=0 helicon waves is investigated in H2, D2, He, N2, Ne, Ar, and Xe plasmas. The density-jump is observed in all the gases used at optimum external magnetic fields B0. The measured plasma density np as a function of B0 peaks at a condition close to the lower-hybrid resonance in H2, D2, He, N2, and Ne, whereas, the measured dispersion relation indicates the excitation of helicon wave. Dispersion relation of electromagnetic waves is solved using dielectric tensor elements of a cold uniform plasma including ion terms, which shows two branches: the SW and fast (helicon) wave. The transition from the ionization by SWs, which are excited in the low-density plasma produced by an antenna induction field, to that by helicon waves has been predicted to explain the mechanism to produce the high-density plasma in the helicon wave discharges.


Susan E. Fello, firstname.lastname@example.com, currently teaches undergraduate and graduate classes at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. She taught grades 4-6 for thirty-one years in the public schools. Additionally, she has experience in t the local district's gifted education program helping students improve their mathematical abilities. Kelli R. Paquette, L firstname.lastname@example.com, currently teaches undergraduate and graduate classes at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. In addition to having public education teaching experience, she is a certified 6+1 Writing Traits consultant.


When carrying out related test experiments of shipborne LIDAR, it is necessary to launch lasers to areas with different water depths and confirm the working conditions of LIDAR according to the received waveform conditions, to debug the LIDAR. There is no special introduction to the indoor platform for this kind of testing. This article proposes an indoor LIDAR experiment platform, which will focus on the basic settings of the laser, sink, and reflector in the experiment, the design ideas and rationality of the sink and reflector modules, the experimental steps, and how to effectively obtain the waveform. This platform has good applications in parameter correction, waveform acquisition, water depth measurement, and other aspects of LIDAR design.


The aim of research was to evaluate the hygroscopic properties of green coffee beans determining its quality during sea transportation. The research material consisted of seven samples of unroasted bean coffee from different countries of origin (Kenya, India, Ethiopia, Columbia and Guatemala) obtained directly from the coffee producer. The water content of green coffee must not exceed 12% as it then has a tendency to grow mould and become musty. Coffee beans require particular temperature, humidity/moisture and possibly ventilation conditions and therefore, to explore and predict the behaviour during transport of green coffee its equilibrium moisture content must be determined for a range of transport temperatures and relative humidity levels . The present paper focuses on the evaluation of the hygroscopic properties of green coffee from different countries of origin based on isotherms of water vapour sorption and characteristic selected parameters of the surface microstructure determining transport conditions and the microbiological stability of this cargo. While assessing the quality and transport durability of green coffee beans, based on the parameters of monomolecular layer capacity and the specific surface area of sorption, it was found that especially samples of coffee from Guatemala and Ethiopia were the least susceptible to changes in the transport conditions. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 15


The relationship between Demodex and human disease has long been a subject of speculation and contention. Lack of evidence of causal association has also bedevilled attempts to understand the role, if any, of these cutaneous mites in skin conditions. However, three recent discoveries suggest that it is time to reevaluate the potential role of Demodex as a pathogen. Firstly, advances in our understanding of the immunomodulatory potential of another mite in human disease, Sarcoptes scabiei, has shown that other acarids can affect the development of a normal inflammatory response. Scabies mites produce serine protease inhibitors (SMS) of the serpin superfamily known as SMSB4 and SMSB3, which inactivate different elements of the human complement cascade. In addition, the presence of scabies upregulates a number of gene products such as interleukin (IL)-1a precursor, IL-1b, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor precursor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor precursor. Secondly, our knowledge of the part played by innate immunity, including antimicrobial peptides, and the modulation of their expression in other disease states, such as reduction in human b-defensin 3 in hidradenitis suppurativa, has shown that innate immune mechanisms can interface with other members of the resident skin flora and contribute to an inflammatory response that results in clinical disease. Lastly, an expanding knowledge of the human skin microbiome using molecular techniques has begun to reveal changes in the distribution of certain microbes, such as bacterial populations in noninfective inflammatory skin diseases, that suggest a possible role in the pathogenesis of dermal and epidermal inflammation such as flares of atopic dermatitis. Although by extrapolation, relevance to human disease cannot be assumed, Demodex species have long been associated with skin disease in animals such as dogs, and treatment that leads to removal of the mites accompanies clinical remission. In some human cases this is also true. For some time Demodex has been tentatively associated with rosacea, and an analysis of cytokine expression in the epidermis has shown an inverse relationship between levels of cytokines such as IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-a. While this may be an interesting epiphenomenon unrelated to any pathological mechanism involving Demodex, it is reason enough for further study. Sera from patients with rosacea react to antigens including a heat shock protein produced by Bacillus oleronius, which lives in the gut of Demodex. Again this is not proof of a pathogenetic mechanism but it is certainly a stimulus to further investigation. In blepharitis the presence of Demodex is associated with high levels of IL-1b and IL-17, which are reduced when the population of Demodex is reduced following treatment, with resultant decrease in ocular inflammation. The paper by Chen and Plewig leads us into this minefield and it is a timely and critical appraisal of a controversial field. However, if one accepts the premise that there is now sufficient evidence to warrant a re-evaluation, whatever the outcome, a first step is to try to make some logical descriptive sense out of the multiplicity of publications that describe Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis as potential human pathogens. Hence, there is a need for a clinical classification, without which further study of potential pathogenetic mechanisms would be difficult. The authors have used existing publications to derive a phenotypic classification of different clinical forms of disease that have been associated with Demodex and they have carefully described the problems in interpretation, including the lack of suitable evidence, which have made this subject difficult to navigate. It provides a framework for those with an interest in disease mechanisms to identify – or not – a potential causal link. We hope that dermatologists will be interested, while appreciating its controversial nature. The authors of this paper have laid down a challenge and we should respond.


BACKGROUND
Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson's disease (PD) overlap in clinical characteristics, neuropathology, and genetics.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of pathogenic mutations and rare variants in genes associated with PD among early-onset dementia (EOD) patients.

METHODS
Rare non-synonymous variants (MAF < 0.01) in ten genes (SNCA, PARK2, PARK7, LRRK2, PINK1, ATP13A2, UCHL1, HTRA2, GBA, and SNCAIP)and low-frequency (MAF < 0.05) GBA variants were screened using a targeted next-generation sequencing panel in a strictly defined cohort of 37 early-onset (age at onset (AAO) <65 years) dementia patients presenting with atypical features (e.g., myocloniaor spasticity), rapidly progressive course of the disease or with a family history of dementia. The identified variations were further screened in a larger cohort of EOD (n = 279, mean AAO 57, range 36-65) patients.

RESULTS
No pathogenic mutations were found, but we identified seven possible risk variants for neurodegeneration (LRRK2 p.Arg793Met, PARK2 p.Ala82Glu, SNCAIP p.Arg240Gln, SNCAIP p.Phe369Leu, GBA p.Asn409Ser, GBA p.Glu365Lys, GBA p.Thr408Met).

DISCUSSION
Altogether, the frequency of these variants was two times higher in the first selected cohort compared to the whole cohort. This suggests that specific rare variants in the genes associated with PD might play a role also especially in familial EOD.


By using SnSO4 water solution to activate global granular Zn powders of 325 screen mesh,Zn-Sn composite coverage is formed under the action of mechanical impact of the tiny glass beads and work pieces for protecting parent metal.On account of the increasingly thick plating coat processed in acid environment,acid liquor is unavoidably occluded under the plating coat.Acid liquor will react with metal basal body and coats,and hydrogen gas is bound to emit from the pathway and form micro pores.In addition,there are bond areas between the new and the primary coverage because of the growing up of the plating coat,which may lead to the emergence of micro crack on the coating owing to such causes as too big or uneven impact during plating process,little distortion of global granular zinc dust inside the plating coat,less tight coalescence of the zinc dust flecks.These problems can be confirmed by SEM scanning coating surface and cross section pictures of plating coat.In our study,methyl hydrogen silicone fluid,titanium isopropoxide and benzinum are used as the basal components.This compound has better osmosis for micro pores and cracks formed in the process of dual coverage.Through tests,the weight percentage of the methyl hydrogen silicone fluid to the compound is determined separately as 11 percents,the titanium isopropoxide as 10 percents,and the benzinum(90~120 centigrade degree) as 79 percents.Salt fog test indicates that when the coating thickness is 0.2 micron,the emergence time of white corrosion on the plating coat doubles,accordingly,that of red rust prolongs,which shows that the anticorrosion of the coverage can be significantly improved through superficial pore sealing in zinc plating coat.


An important constraint on the nature of the chondrule-formation mechanism is the amount of time this mechanism was active. If chondrule formation occurred only at high ambient temperatures in a canonical cooling solar nebula, chondrules should be free of low-temperature phases (e.g., troilite, magnetite) unless they were introduced by thermal or shock metamorphism or aqueous alteration on the parent asteroid. In contrast, if chondrule formation persisted until nebular temperatures were <650 K (the 50-percent condensation temperature of S; [1]), at least some chondrules should contain primary troilite. The occurrence of enveloping compound chondrules, chondrules with igneous rims, and chondrules containing relict grains indicates that many chondrules were melted multiple times [2]. Chondrules that formed at high temperatures (and thus had low FeO and no troilite) may have later remelted and acquired troilite and additional FeO from adhering fine-grained material that had equilibrated with nebular gas at lower temperatures. Previous workers found low troilite contents in low-FeO chondrules [3] and suggested that troilite was introduced during metamorphism [4]. In order to constrain the duration of the chondrule-formation mechanism and determine if any troilite in chondrules is primary, we made petrographic observations of 139 intact, spheroidal chondrules of all textural types from LL3.1 Bishunpur, L/LL3.4 Chainpur, LL3.1 Krymka, LL3.4 Piancaldoli, LL3.3 St. Mary's County and H/L3.6 Tieschitz. We noted the presence or absence of troilite, and, where present, the nature of associated phases and the location of the troilite grains within the chondrules. Chondrule olivine and low-Ca pyroxene compositions were determined by electron microprobe. A total of 123 chondrules (88%) contain troilite; these chondrules represent all textural types and contain variable amounts of FeO (i.e., Fa0.6-38). In 40% of these chondrules, one or more troilite grains occur near the center of the chondrule and are either completely surrounded by mesostasis or included within mafic silicate phenocrysts. Because these troilite grains are inaccessible to the matrix except through sluggish body diffusion and the chondrites themselves experienced little thermal or shock metamorphism, it is unlikely that these troilite grains were introduced into the chondrules from the matrix by parent-body processes. The chondrules probably formed after nebular temperatures cooled below ~650 K. Although some of the chondrules may have melted several times, the most recent melting episode occurred after troilite had condensed. Of the 16 chondrules (12%) that, in section, are free of troilite, 4 have extremely low FeO (Fa<0.4 or Fs<0.4), 8 have Fa≤0.8 or Fs≤0.8, and 13 have Fa<2.5 or Fs<2.5; 9 of these chondrules contain blebs of kamacite. Chondrule types include BO, C, GOP and type-I PO and POP varieties. We suggest that the most magnesian chondrules formed at high nebular temperatures before FeS or much FeO had condensed; the maximum ambient nebular temperature at equilibrium for a chondrule containing olivine with Fa0.25 (equivalent to the most reduced chondrule in our set) is ~1120 K (J.T. Wasson, pers. commun., 1997). The three remaining troilite-free chondrules are FeO-rich droplet (BO and C) chondrules that lack opaque phases; these chondrules were once completely molten and may have lost their opaques as a dense immiscible liquid. Chondrule formation thus appears to have persisted during the period in which ambient nebular gas cooled from ~1120 K to <650 K. During this period, many chondrules were heated multiple times [2]. Chondrule-formation mechanisms that satisfy these constraints include nebular lightning, solar flares and nebular shock waves.


PURPOSE: A setup bar for three dimension measurement is provided to use in a three dimension measuring device by facilitating assembly and disassembly of a sensing part functioning as a target. CONSTITUTION: A setup bar for three dimension measurement comprises a scale bar, a mounting unit, and an auxiliary jig. The scale bar(110) confirms the adjustment or the calibration of a scale factor. The mounting unit(120) is prepared to mount a 3D measurement sensor unit(200) on both ends of the scale bar. The auxiliary jig(140) is fixed to support the scale bar along the longitudinal direction and prevents the deformation of the scale bar.


Abstract The aim of the study is to compare four recent gradient boosting algorithms named as Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) for modelling landslide susceptibility (LS). In the first step of the study, the geodatabase including landslide inventory map and landslide conditioning factors was constructed. In the second step, chi-square (CHI) statistic-based feature selection (FS) technique was utilized to compute the importance of the landslide causative factors. In the third step, tree-based ensemble learning algorithms were applied to predict the potential distribution of landslide susceptibility. Also, the prediction performance of ensemble methods was compared to that of Random Forest (RF) ensemble method. Finally, the prediction capabilities of the methods were assessed using overall accuracy (Acc), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), kappa index, root mean square error (RMSE), and F score measures. In order to further evaluation, the McNemar's test was utilized to assess statistical significance in the differences between the four gradient boosting models. The accuracy results indicated that the CatBoost model had the highest prediction capability (Acc= 0.8503 and AUC= 0.8975), followed by the XGBoost (Acc= 0.8336 and AUC= 0.8860), the LightGBM (Acc= 0.8244 and AUC= 0.8796) and the GBM (Acc= 0.8080 and AUC= 0.8685). On the other hand, the estimated accuracy measures considered in this study showed that the RF method had the lowest prediction capability of compared the others. Although the individual performances of the methods were found to be acceptable level, the CatBoost method showed the superior performance compared to others with respect to the AUC and Acc values estimated in this study. The results of the study confirmed that the relatively new ensemble learning techniques were efficient and robust for producing LS maps and furthermore, it is probably that these algorithms will be preferred more often in the future studies due to their robustness.


A cell-free extract obtained from suberizing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber disks catalyzed the conversion of 16-hydroxy[G- 3HJhexadecanoic acid to the corresponding dicarboxylic acd with NADP or NAD as the cofactor, with a slight preference for the former. This c-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase activity, located largely in the 100,000g supernatant fraction, has a pH optimum of 9.5. It showed an apparent Km of 50 JLM for 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. The dehydrogenase activity was inhibited by thiol reagents, such asp-chloromercuri-benzoate, N-ethylmaleimide, and iodoacetamide, and this dehydrogenase is shown to be different from alcohol dehydrogenase. That 16- oxohexadecanoic acid was an intermediate in the conversion of 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid to the corresponding dicarboxylic acid was suggested by the observation that the cell-free extract also catalyzed the conversion of 16-oxohexadecanoic acid to the dicarboxylic acid, with NADP as the preferred cofactor. The time course of development ofthe c-hydroxyacid debydrogenase activity in the suberizing potato disks correlated with the rate of deposition of suberin. Experiments with actinomycin D and cycdoheximide suggested that the tnnscriptional processes, which are directly related to suberin biosynthesis and oi-hydroxyacid debydrogenase biosynthesis, occurred between 72 and 96 hours after wounding. These results strongly suggest that a wound-induced c-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase is involved in suberin biosynthesis in potato disks.


The rising value of software developers has made corporations, including IT companies, to focus on recruitment of software developers. However, the domestic software industry, where SMEs represents quite a large proportion of the industry, is facing problems of low rate of human resources and high rate of job turnover. These problems have not been solved until today. This study hypothesizes that software developer`s job satisfaction has an effect on organizational engagement and intention to job transfer. The purpose of this study is to provide implications on desirable human resources management and work environment, that lowers intentions to job transfer by elevating job satisfaction of the software developers. The results of the study reveal that among job satisfaction factors, recognition, autonomy, work-life balance, work environment have significant effects on fob satisfaction. Also, the software developer`s job satisfaction elevates organizational engagement and lowers intention to job transfer. In addition, job satisfaction is has partly has mediating effect between job satisfaction and intention to job transfer. Several practical implications are discussed.


The biomass and activity of particle-bound bacteria in a small freshwater pond were cxamined during 2 years. The percentage of total bacteria attached to particles was highest (3%) in the months of July through October. During this period the number of bacteria per particle and the number of particles per milliliter were also relatively high. An average attached bacterium was larger than an unattached bacterium in July and August but not in February and May. Cell volumes of both populations were larger in summer than in winter. The uptake of three "C-labeled compounds and the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into macromolecules were also examined. Although there was no seasonal pattern in the percentage of activity contributed by the >3.0-pm fraction, this fraction took up relatively more glucose (21% of total uptake) than glutamate (12%) or acetate (6.8%). Thymidine incorporation by the large bacteria was relatively low (2.8%). The production of bacteria attached to particles was estimated from rates of thymidine incorporation and used to estimate the remineralization rate of detrital carbon by particle-bound bacteria. Detrital carbon in Ice House Pond was apparently not remineralized substantially by particle-bound bacteria.


ences, understandings, and expectations that have resulted from these experiences. Lastly, White & Laird show the powerful role of institutions, such as the Black church and Black Twitter, as spaces where norms are further reinforced and as locations where there can be the implementation of social sanctions or rewards for deviating from or sticking with the in-group. Through clear, detailed, and accessible explanations, they provide evidence for their theory. They conclude by discussing the future of the Black voting bloc and pointing out the rise of social media as well as other factors such as the decline of membership in the Black church as examples of the possibility of a weaker voting bloc in years to come. However, as they note, these changes are coming slowly allowing the possibility for future research as well as more opportunities to test their theory. The book did leave me wondering about whether there is any variation in the effects of RSC theory based on gender. Is there a gender gap here too? Additionally, there is no discussion regarding specific policy issues. Understanding the importance of specific policy issues for individual Blacks would also provide a more profound understanding of whether and how RSC theory actually influences political choices. Overall, however, White & Laird provide a keen explanation for the Black voting bloc and the continual support of the Democratic Party despite the ideological deviation of some in the community. This book is a great and accessible addition to our understanding of Black politics.


Subsistence maize production has long been a dominant economic activity of households in Santiago Apostol, a Zapotec community in the Central Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. A baseline study from 1973 documents a regionally pervasive form of household level agriculture whereby cultivators prioritize land for subsistence maize above commercial crops. Since then, much has transformed the face of rural Mexico, including migration to the United States. Migration accelerated beginning in the 1970s as a response to government disinvestment in maize, but it may also be a new force of cultural and economic change impacting agriculture. The question arises, has migration modified longstanding subsistence agricultural practices centered on local varieties of rainfed maize? If not, what might explain the continuities and changes in agricultural practice observed? Ethnographic land use and maize consumption surveys among 19 migrantheaded households conducted in Santiago Apostol in the summer and winter of 2012 indicate that mean production of maize remains equivalent to that documented in the late 1960s, suggesting that migration has not engendered a generalized shift to commercial crops. Potential explanations for the persistent use of rainfed, local maize among migrantheaded households are drawn from a mixed methods methodology involving triangulated analyses of household economic data, land tenure arrangements, perceptions of environmental change, participant observation, and archival research. Triangulated analyses allow speculation on linked human-environmental changes in the landscape that may have reinforced use of a traditional, rainfed grain crop.


The use of multibit quantizers in sigma-delta modulators can increase SNR, improve stability and reduce integrator power consumption. However, using multibit quantizers causes nonlinearity in DAC converter. In recent decades the uses of data weighted averaging (DWA) methode has been proposed for reducing mismatch errors. However, each added bit to quantizer resolution causes an exponential increase in the power dissipation, required area and complexity of the DWA circuit required to attenuate DAC mismatch errors. This paper proposes the prospect of using a segmented feedback path with coarse and fine signals to reduce DWA complexity for modulators with large internal quantizers. This reduces the DWA circuit complexity, power dissipation, and size. But this method adds an additional noise to system. To overcome this problem, two solutions are suggested: one that uses calibration method to cancel mismatch between coarse and fine DACs, and another that frequency-shapes this mismatch error using requantization method.


A key motivation for disclosure and supervision regulations is the perception that corporations are not as transparent as they could be. Traditional arguments attribute this lack of transparency to agency problems between managers on one side and stakeholders and/or outsiders on the other. We propose an alternative theory founded on the simple idea that agents who invest in long-term projects face a trade-o between information and liquidity. When secondary markets are shallow, more information can reduce the expected payo of agents who need to liquidate their positions. Even given direct and costless control over information design, these very stakeholders choose to incentivize managers to withhold interim information. In such an environment, imposing transparency can lower investment and welfare.


It discusses how to determine and control project cost in bidding and ensure the investment goal to be realized.Meanwhile,it elaborates the factors in it,and puts forward some cost control methods,so as to achieve cost control in bidding effectively.


Globalization had forced fashion companies to move their manufacturing to low cost bases. However, in the recent times several challenges like poor transparency, ethical issues, high transportation ...


Based on the complexity of the structure,the paper presents the concept of subtle structure. It refers to those whose characteristics and evolution history can not be identified owning to the limitation of exploration technology and the complexity of the structure itself. The study of the subtle structure should be based on the identification of its interface and signs of deformation,and focused on analysis of the stratigraphic structure guaranteed by advanced tectonic thinking and technological means. Lots of subtle structural styles form in the deep Jiyang Depression. These styles are strike slip fault zone,deep Jiyang development of large-scale strike-slip faults,inversion structures,structural transform zone,diapir structure belt,buried hill structure and buried fault,i. e.. The exploration for buried hill can be explored along strike-slip fault. Identification of hidden structural styles are guidance and reference for expanding new areas of deep oil and gas exploration,optimization and evaluation of favorable oil and gas accumulation zones,and further oil and gas comprehensive geological study.


ABSTRACT Because of unique structural and physicochemical characteristics (low cost, processable, renewable, hydrophilic, bio-miscible, ecological friendly), carbohydrate polymers or polysaccharides have found promising applications in biomedical field. Common carbohydrate matrices used for nanocomposites formation include chitosan, cellulose, starch, alginate, dextrin, galactose, and derived polymers. This review emphasis design and existing/emerging technologies of carbohydrate polymeric nanocomposites. Carbohydrate polymeric nanocomposites have been developed using nanocarbons (graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotube), metal nanoparticles (metal, metal oxide), and inorganic nanofillers. The interactions in matrix-nanofiller develop synergistic effects to function in desired biomedical applications such as biosensing, antibacterial, wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems. Graphical abstract


Gold dipole nanoantennas which have strong local electromagnetic fields are used to enhance two-photon absorption. A 30 to 40 times enhancement is observed for BDPAS (4,4'-bis(diphenylamino)stilbene) at 600 nm.


Based on the plate-bearing test on various foundation soils, the ultimate bearing capacities of shallow foundations are calculated from Terzaghi's theory, Hnasen's theory, and Vesic's theory. The uncertainties related to the methods of analysis, soil properties, and the calculated ultimate bearing capacities Puj are analyzed in this paper. In the light of the above results, the reliability indexes βof bear- ing capacities of different sub-soils are obtained. The.partial coefficiens of the bearing capacity of various sub-soils are calculated in com- bination with the loading standard and the partial coefficient of the upper structure.


Sensory evaluations to determine the shelf life of food products are routinely conducted in food experimentation as a part of each product development program, whether it includes a new product, product improvement or a change in type or specification of an ingredient. In such experiments, trained panelists are asked to judge food attributes by reference to a scale of numbers. The "failure time" associated with a product unit under test is usually defined as the time required to reach a cut‐off point previously defined by the food company. Important issues associated with the planning and execution of this kind of testing are total sampling size, frequency of sample withdrawals, panel design, and statistical analysis of the panel data, to list a few. Different approaches have been proposed for the analysis of this kind of data. In particular, Freitas et al. proposed an alternative model based on a dichotomization of the score data and a Weibull as the underlying distribution for the time to failure. Also, through a simulation study, the bias and mean square error of the estimates obtained for percentiles and fraction defectives were evaluated. These quantities were used to estimate the shelf life. The simulation study used only the same sample plan implemented in the real situation. This paper focuses on the planning issues associated with these experiments. Sample plans are contrasted and compared in a simulation study, through the use of the approach proposed by Freitas et al.. The simulation results showed that, in general, one can get results much more precise and with smaller bias with a shorter follow‐up time, allocating more panelists to each evaluation time.


Scheduling algorithm is an important tool to guarantee QoS for classification service in broadband wireless access(BWA) system.But the characteristics of the wireless channel,such as high error-rate and outburst change, add some difficulties for the design of wireless scheduling algorithms.In this paper,the author puts forward an IEEE 802.16QoS scheduling architecture combined with wireless channel condition,analyses the scheduling strategy and scheduling algorithms model based on this structure,and discusses some issues for further research.


With the development of electric vehicles, charging piles have been popularized. However, there are many problems in the security of charging piles in the market, especially information security accidents occur from time to time, so it is necessary to study the information security detection technology of charging piles. This paper studies the information security problem of electric vehicle charging pile and puts forward the information security test method of charging pile based on penetration test. It is verified that this method can effectively detect the information security problems of electric vehicle charging piles and provide an effective basis for the information security assessment of charging piles.


Abstract On June 3, 1989, about 165 friends and coworkers gathered at Brookhaven National Laboratory to attend a Symposium and Dinner to honor Gen Shirane on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday. The affair was not as hapless as might have been anticipated, considering that Steve Shapiro and I had a hand in its organizatib. Even Gen, who resolutely opposed the whole idea from the beginning, warmed to the occasion as the day progressed.


The application of search and learning to experimental domains, where the objective function cannot be accurately simulated, but rather requires a measurement in real industrial settings, lies in the focus of this study. We consider the problem of devising treatment protocols for fresh cucumbers, whose quality rapidly deteriorates once being harvested, by considering the combinatorial space of possible postharvest practices. The overall target is to prescribe a combination of treatments, with specified activation levels, that minimizes the cucumbers' quality loss after 4 weeks in two storage environments: 10°C and 20°C. This study engaged with a postharvest laboratory with industrial settings to research and develop a sequential experimentation procedure, in a closed feedback-loop fashion, and subject to strict budget and timeline constraints. The laboratory measurements comprise the assay of color, stiffness and mass, as well as external blemishes - in both harvest and post-4-weeks points in time. Their deviations constitute the aggregated objective function that undergoes minimization for both temperatures. After formulating the optimization problem, we outline our approach and report on the attained results. The obtained protocols significantly outperform the best-known human reference practice, and their nature is visualized and analyzed. Finally, we mention the impact and outlook for industry.


The aim of this short report is to discuss some issues associated with the establishment of, the running of, and the development of a Mathematics and Statistics support drop-by station in a large, distributed campus university environment. The discussion is rooted in our experiences of setting up and of developing espressoMaths at the University of the West of England, Bristol. The main thrust of this contribution is connected with practical rather than with theoretical aspects, although we do touch on some pedagogical issues associated with the interaction between drop-by stations and the dynamics of mainstream teaching and learning.


Background:
 Autoimmune disease in adults significantly increase atherosclerotic burden and cardiovascular risk, potentially secondary to impaired high density lipoprotein (HDL) function. It is unknown whether adolescents with autoimmune diseases such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) demonstrate changes in HDL function. We hypothesized that patients with JIA have intact HDL functionality as measured by ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA-1) and scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) mediated cholesterol efflux.

 Methods:
 22 patients with JIA and 14 healthy controls underwent physical examination and fasting lipid panel. Subjects with significant cardiovascular risk factors, personal or family history of early cardiovascular events, or other chronic inflammatory disease were excluded. ABCA-1 and SR-B1 mediated efflux of serum were studied using J774 macrophages and Fu5AH hepatoma cells, respectively.

 Results:
 While JIA patients were younger than controls (14.8±4.7 y vs 21.1±6.5 y, p= 0.002), there were no other differences in risk factors, lipids, or lipoproteins. JIA patients demonstrated less SR-B1 mediated efflux (9.8±2.5 % vs 12.1±3.3%, p=0.007) than controls. However, after controlling efflux for ApoA1 level, no difference was noted (0.08±0.01% vs 0.08±0.02%, p=0.60). In contrast, no difference was observed in ABCA-1 mediated efflux (11.5±3.6% vs 11.4±4.9%, p=0.96). Analysis of JIA patients showed that presence of higher active joint counts had no effect on SR-B1 or ABCA-1 mediated efflux. In the entire cohort, HDL-C and ApoA1 levels correlated with SR-B1 mediated efflux (r=0.74 and r=0.77, respectively; both p<0.0001,), but not with ABCA-1 mediated efflux.

 Conclusions:
 Our results suggest that the capacity for SR-B1 mediated efflux is determined by the number of carriers present, while ABCA-1 mediated efflux is independent of carrier levels. In addition, the results show that patients with JIA have intact capacity for cholesterol efflux via ABCA-1 and SR-B1. Our study is the first to demonstrate that, despite ongoing systemic inflammation, the lipid transporting ability of HDL in JIA patients is not impaired.


Early alpine magmatic belt. This is represented by the Re di Castello, Central Adamello, Mt. Marser and Corno Alto plutons of ultrabasic to intermediate composition, the Mt. Ospedale diorite dykes, and other ultrabasic to andesitic dykes distributed in the Southern Alps basement and cover. The ages of these magmatic rocks span between Upper Cretaceous (Northern Calcareous Alps and Dolomites), Paleocene (Val Camonica and Valtellina) and Middle Eocene (Adamello). Volcanics of Middle Eocene age are widespread in the Western Trentino and in the Southern Lombardy sedimentary sequences. In Trentino they crop out in a very restricted zone because of the transpressive deformation and shortening of the Giudicarie fault zone.


With a view to elucidate the physical chemistry of organic eutectics and 1:2 addition compounds, phase diagram, linear velocity of crystallization, thermochemistry, microstructure, X-ray diffraction and spectrak behaviour of p. phenylenediamine-α.naphthol and p. phenylenediamine-β.naphthol systems have been studied. The phase diagrams show the formation of two eutectics and a 1:2 addition compound in each case and growth kinetics suggest the applicability of Hillig-Turnbull equation. While x-ray diffraction, microstructure and thermochemical studies infer that the eutectics are not simple mechanical mixtures of the two components, the spectral investigations suggest the hydrogen bonding between two components forming the addition compounds


This paper proposes an adaptive observer for an active leader and designed a distributed observer‐based control law for the formation control of networked uncertain offshore vessels under the switching topologies. The design of the observer, only depending on the output of the leader system, is featured with the ability of accurately estimating the output of the leader system with an unknown input over the time‐varying communication network, satisfying the periodic switching condition. Then based on the output‐based observer, the formation problem of multiple offshore vessels is converted into the stabilization problem of a multi‐input multi‐output augmented system by further combining the internal model technique and performing a coordinate and input transformation. The original problem is finally solved through constructing a stabilizer for the time‐varying uncertain augmented system, and the efficiency of our design is validated by the formation control of a group of offshore vessels.


The question of whether verb movement out of the VP in non-V2 contexts ("V-to-I") is still part of the grammar of contemporary Faroese is a matter of some contention in the literature. There is a degree of consensus that some speakers do not allow V-to-I; however there is considerable debate whether there are other speakers who have it as one option. In this paper we review some of the background to this question, focussing on its theoretical significance; we then present some recent empirical work and discuss its potential and its limitations in addressing the questions raised by this type of variable data.


The wavelength dependence of ultraviolet extinction in the Pleiades dust clouds has been determined from IUE observations of HD 23512, the brightest heavily reddened member of the Pleiades cluster. There is evidence for an anomalously weak absorption bump at 2200 A, followed by an extinction rise in the far ultraviolet with an essentially normal slope. A relatively weak absorption band at 2200 A and a weak diffuse absorption band at 4430 A seem to be common characteristics of dust present in dense clouds. Evidence is presented which suggests that the extinction characteristics found for HD 23512 are typical for a class of extinction curves observed in several cases in the Galaxy and in the LMC.


The particle based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, which follow Lagrangian approach for fluid dynamics, fluid particle behavior by tracking all particle calculation physical quantities of each particle. According to basic concept of particle based CFD method, it is difficult to satisfy continuum theory and measure influences from neighboring particle. Article number density and weight function were used to solve aforementioned issue. Difficulties continuum mean simulate non-continuum particles such as solid including granular and sand. In this regard, the particle based CFD method modified solid particle problems by replacing viscous and surface tension forces friction and drag forces. In this paper, particle interaction model for solid particle friction model implemented to simulate solid particle problems. The broken dam problem, which is common to verify particle based CFD method, used fluid or solid particles. The angle of repose was observed in the simulation results the solid particle not fluid particle.