Objective
Based on the field investigation results about the continuing medical education needs of rural doctors and health workers in village and township hospitals in 18 counties of 4 provinces in Wuling mountain area, this paper discusses the strategies to construct curriculum and curriculum system to meet this need with the aim of steadily bolstering a suitable continuing medical education for rural medical and health workers in Wuling mountain area.

Methods
Questionnaires about demand for continuing medical education filled out by rural doctors and health workers in village and township hospitals are investigated, and related information about the construction of curriculum and curriculum system provided by rural medical and health workers and basic health institutions in Wuling mountain area is collected.

Results
37 village and township hospitals and 182 village clinics including 233 health workers and 202 rural doctors (435 in total) are investigated, who think the knowledge and skills about basic medical care, basic health service, health regulations, basic health management and interpersonal communication are what they need most, and training education and academic education are the best continuing medical education for them. The courses that should be set up most are those meeting their urgent needs for knowledge and skill timely.

Conclusions
Continuing medical education curriculum should be set up appropriately according to rural health workers' needs of knowledge, skill in Wuling mountain areas and the construction of curriculum system should be promoted steadily to meet the demand for training education and academic education in time, in order to cultivate rural medical and health workers who can provide effective medicine and health care service for urban and rural residents in Wuling mountain area.

Key words:
Rural medical and health workers; Continuing medical education; Curriculum provision; Exploration


Sustained cavitation in the lubrication layer between a rotating heavy sphere and a nearby wall in a Newtonian fluid is an essential aspect of the motion. Here we extend these findings to the case of anisotropic materials using both shear-thinning and viscoelastic fluids. As in the case of Newtonian fluids, cavitation is observed but new interesting features emerge. These include the formation of long fingers that can either be steady or dynamic with apparent irregular interactions.


Material relating to student protest movement in Paris in 1968, when Dr. Scott was on study leave there: personal diary of events in Paris May 1968; various tracts and pamphlets collected in Paris May - June 1968; miscellaneous pages extracted from French periodicals of May - June 1968; complete numbers of French periodicals May - June 1968 ("a couple of ephemeral ones could now be scarce"). Sling-shot used in riots, made of metal, string and rubber.


Mechanical contribution of roots to the shear strength of saturated soils is not the only function of vegetation in favour of slope stability. Plants also cause an increase in the strength due to p...


Summary: Health disparities exist in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community due in part to a long history of discriminatory attitudes among individuals and societal groups. Gaining insight into various LGBT subgroups and demographic influences is essential in providing culturally competent patient care Content Outline:


Over the past four or five years, a number of important publications in French have revisited a corpus of texts which are simultaneously world-famous and underrated. everybody "knows" Beauty and the Beast, Blue Beard or Little Red Riding Hood. many scholars have studied them from an ethnological or psychoanalytical point of view. cultural Studies scholars have enjoyed tracking down, under their various and unsuspected guises, the narrative patterns and gender roles characteristic of the fairy tale. Yet, until now, few literary scholars have attempted to assess the literary stakes of this body of texts in terms of poetics. as a matter of fact, because of their very popularity, these tales have paradoxically often been excluded from the canon of 17thand 18th-century French literature. in a deep misunderstanding of their true nature, the fairy tales have been portrayed as a leftover of pre-enlightened mental frameworks. Such prejudices were shaken by several pioneers of the 1970s and 1980s (like Jacques Barchilon, raymonde robert, Jack Zipes or ruth Bottigheimer), or by closer readings of exceptional authors (like crébillon fils) and texts (like Diderot's Bijoux indiscrets). they are now about to be dramatically reversed by a new generation of French scholars, who manage to reinscribe the works of Perrault, d'aulnoy, Hamilton, Gueulette, moncrif, Pétis de la croix, Voisenon, Bibiena or le Prince de Beaumont not only within a rich, clever and highly self-conscious theoretical reflection on literary poetics, but also within an astute and timely dialogue on the promises, limitations, and stakes of modernity.


High-resolution multi-proxy records from two lakes on the southern Tibetan Plateau, Nam Co and Tangra Yumco, are used to infer long-term variations in the Asian monsoon system with a novel set of ostracod shell chemistry proxies. We track the moisture evolution since the Last Glacial Maximum using the trace element, rare earth element (REE) and stable isotope composition of ostracod shells. The sediment records covering the past 18.8 cal. ka BP and 17.4 cal. ka BP, respectively, demonstrate the suitability of REEs as indicators of weathering intensity and thus hydrological changes and moisture sources in the catchment. In Nam Co, high concentrations of light REEs between 14 and 13 cal. ka BP suggest an increased drainage from the glaciated Nyainqêngtanglha Mountains in the south, pointing to meltwater input. REEs in ostracod shells therefore provide additional information on water sources critical for the interpretation of stable isotope records. Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Ba/Ca ratios reflect salinity and thus changes in effective moisture. Asynchronous behavior of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Ba/Ca ratios are controlled by changes in dominance of precipitating carbonate minerals in the lake. Synchronous behavior reflects calcite precipitation, indicating low-Mg/Ca warm-wet conditions. Constantly low Sr/Ca ratios reflect aragonite precipitation, indicating high-Mg dry conditions. Increased Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca relative to Mg/Ca ratios show monohydrocalcite precipitation, indicating high-Mg/Ca cold-dry conditions. Furthermore, Fe/Ca, Mn/Ca and U/Ca ratios in ostracods reflect changes in oxygen saturation in lake bottom waters controlled by lake level and microbial activity. The paleoclimate histories reconstructed from Nam Co and Tangra Yumco show high similarity throughout the late Quaternary. We identified two major dry periods, corresponding to Heinrich 1 and the Younger Dryas, followed by strengthening in Indian summer monsoon precipitation. The early Holocene is characterized by a moisture maximum, reflecting abundant water supply by a strong ISM. A time-delayed shift to dry conditions occurred at 2.6 cal. ka BP at Tangra Yumco, and at 2 cal. ka BP at Nam Co, resulting in decreasing lake levels, caused by weakened monsoon intensity due to a southeastward migration of the ISM-Westerly boundary with an estimated velocity of approximately 600 m per year.


Data capture technologies such as RFID promise customer centric global service supply chains, but simultaneously threaten data overload. We argue that novel approaches to information management are required to successfully manage the data from sensor-based data capture technologies and to integrate them into successful inter-organizational service supply networks. We question the degree to which ICTs such as RFID as currently deployed support the customer orientation needed for successful service operations across supply chains, and identify difficulties inherent in current technology use along supply chains and in business systems. We argue for customer orientation at all stages of the supply chain, and identify the benefits of customer information that is available to all supply chain partners in real time, synchronized and updated in responsive and customer centric ways. We outline two general technical approaches, one that involves effective technical middleware along with intra- and inter-organizational coordination capabilities and another, considerably more revolutionary and ambitious in scope, that revolves around the idea of a centralized data


The purpose of this study was to examine the use of Korean transcriptions in Mongolian for names and place names in loanword usage and to propose a unified Korean transcription method for them. The Korean Loanword Orthography, which has written rules for each language, does not have rules for Mongolian, resulting in confusion about the naming of people and place names, as well as major historical and cultural examples between the two countries. To address this, we analyzed the Mongolian language that appeared in the usage of foreign words for names and place names and compared them with Korean writing standards. The analysis showed that there are examples of Korean transcription for 18 Mongolian consonants and 11 vowels. While there was a slight difference in Korean transcription when Mongolian consonants were used before or at the end of a consonant, there was no difference from the results of the previous study when Mongolian consonants were written before vowels. Mongolian vowels were also broadly consistent with the results of previous studies, but 'о, ө, у' differed in Korean transcription. In addition, we looked at usages based on the principle of idiomatic notation, such as "몽케칸(Мөнх хаан), 귀위크칸(Гүег хаан), 칭기즈칸(Чингис хаан), 울란바토르(Улаанбаатар)." Therefore, in the future, further discussion on the Korean transcription of Mongolian is needed, along with the collection of more usages and research on the scope of application of idiomatic orthography and the recognition of speech. Based on these discussions, we hope to establish a uniform bylaw for the Korean writing of Mongolian names and place names in loanword usage.


Background: On 2010 Australia launched a personally controlled electronic health record (PCEHR) later renamed and augmented by the My Health Record Act 2012 Cth. The main goal of the present systematic literature review was to assess if the system has improved Australia's healthcare system according to the objectives stated by the federal government in the My Health Record Act 2012 Cth. Methods: The methodological approach taken in this study was a Systematic Review based on nine peer-reviewed articles of the last five years using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Results: Despite the MyHR system being available for seven years, there is limited empirical evaluation regarding its progress in achieving the stated goals. The results were segregated in four themes: (1) health information fragmentation, (2) Health information quality and management, (3) adverse medical events and duplication of treatment and (4) coordination of care. Regarding theme 1, it was evidenced that the system could reduce health information fragmentation; however, gaps in the workforce adoption were identified as a problem. About topic 2, improved access to information and possible misinterpretation were found. Theme 3 lacked research and theme 4 presented contradiction in the results. Conclusion: The My Health Record (MyHR) system is founded on four key objectives. However, there is insufficient evidence that any outcomes have been achieved relating to any of the objectives. Research is required to determine whether the MyHR system helped improve Australia's healthcare system according to the objectives stated in the Act 2012.


ABSTRACT The study determined whether consumers informed about radiation have a higher willingness to buy (WTB) bottled water from regions near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (Fukushima Daiichi). The study also investigated what types of radiation knowledge are effective in mitigating negative images about bottled water from these regions. We found that consumers with radiation knowledge have a higher WTB than those uninformed about radiation, and some types of radiation knowledge have a positive effect on WTB. Our study indicates the importance of enhancing radiation knowledge to improve WTB bottled water from regions near the Fukushima Daiichi.


Objective To study microsurgical technique through keyhole approach for treatment of the craniopharyngiomas in order to minimize the operative trauma and optimize the therapeutic effects. Methods Skin incision was made in the eyebrow. The diameter of supraorbital craniotomy was approximately 2 cm. The tumors were excised by endsocope-assisted microsurgical technique in 8 patients with craniopharyngiomas. Results All the 8 consecutive patients with craniopharyngiomas were cured by the supraorbital keyhole approach. There were no postoperative complicatons. Conclusions The supraorbital keyhole approach can significantly diminish tissue trauma and provide sufficient space for the operation in the supraseller region, where the tumors are easily removed.


In studies directed at discovering the absolute stereochemistry of the reaction catalysed by the enzyme glutamate γ-carboxylase, two independent stereoselective syntheses of (2S,4S)-5,5′-dihydroxy[5,5-2H2]-leucine 4a and its (2S,4R)-diastereoisomer 4b have been developed. The first synthesis uses (2S)-pyroglutamic acid as starting material and provides (2S,4S)-5,5′-dihydroxy[5,5-2H2]leucine 4a, while the second starts with (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline and provides (2S,4R)-5,5′-dihydroxy[5,5-2H2]leucine 4b.


[Objective] To determine the association between glutathione-s-transferase genetic polymorphisms(GSTM1,GSTT1) and smoking, alcohol exposure with the risk of gastric cancer and elucidate the action and interaction of gene and environmental factors. [ Methods ] 1:1 Case-control study was conducted and polymerase chain reaction technique was employed to analyse the genetic polymorphisms of GST (GSTM1 ,GSTT1) genotype in 121 cases of patients with gastric cancer and sex, age-matched controls, who were selected from Nanjing Zhongda hospital and Jiangsu Province Cancer Hospital. Conditional logistic analysis was performed to elucidate the genetic and environmental risk (smoking and drinking) for gastric cancer. [ Results ] GSTM1 null genotype was more commonly observed in cases, but this was not statistically significant. The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype in cases and controls was 44.63% and 33.88%, respectively (x2=2.6436, P 0.05); that of GSTT1 was 52.89% and 44.63% respectively (x2=1.1650, P 0.05). Cigarette smoking and alcohol exposure were significantly associated with gastric cancer respectively, and the Odd Ratios(OR) were 2.538 (95%CI: 1.336-4.823) and 1.928 ( 95%CI: 1.011-3.667 ) respectively. An interaction was observed between GSTMl, GSTT1 genetic types and smoking, alcohol drinking to gastric cancer: People who carry GSTM1(-), GSTT1(-) were prone to development of gastric cancer; OR=2.097 (95%CI: 1.025-4.291); people co-abused smoking and alcohol had a higher susceptibility to gastric cancer than those non-smoking and non-alcohol drinking, OR=2.330 (95%CI: 1.211-4.482); People who carry GSTM1(-), GSTT1(-) and exposed to smoking and alcohol had a higher susceptibility to gastric cancer than those with GSTM1(+), GSTT1(+) and non-smoking and non-alcohol drinking, (OR=3.600, 95%CI: 1.025-12.650). [ Conclusion ] Smoking and drinking habit are likely associated with the susceptibility to gastric cancer; interaction of GSTM1, GSTT1 genotype and smoking, alcohol drinking exists in the risk of gastric cancer.


A mathematical model of lead (Pb) transferring in soil-vegetable system was described. In addition, the relationships among irrigating water quality, soil residual rate and plant enrichment coefficients were deduced. Finally, the model was validated at the irrigation district of Zhengzhou. It has been indicated that the simulating value was well in line with the data of measure.


An error in an earlier paper [Phys. Rev. A 40, 2276 (1989)] of the theoretical expression for the trace of the collision-induced polarizability tensor of hydrogen pairs (H 2 -H 2 ), which is based on the dipole-induced-dipole (DID) approximation, is corrected here. The analysis of the measurement of the binary collision-induced trace Raman spectrum of hydrogen gas is reconsidered. However, a discrepancy between the measured trace spectrum and the computation based on the revised theoretical expression remains unresolved


Heterostructures of transition metal oxides perovskites represent an ideal platform to explore exotic phenomena involving the complex interplay between the spin, charge, orbital and lattice degrees of freedom available in these compounds. At the interface between such materials, this interplay can lead to phenomena that are present in none of the original constituents such as the formation of the interfacial two-dimensional electron system (2DES) discovered at the LAO 3 / STO 3 (LAO/STO) interface. In samples prepared by growing a LAO layer onto a STO substrate, the 2DES is confined in a band bending potential well, whose width is set by the interface charge density and the STO dielectric properties, and determines the electronic band structure. Growing LAO (2 nm) /STO ( x nm)/LAO (2 nm) heterostructures on STO substrates allows us to control the extension of the confining potential of the top 2DES via the thickness of the STO layer. In such samples, we explore the electronic structure trend under an increase of the confining potential with using soft x-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with ab initio calculations. The results indicate that varying the thickness of the STO film modifies the quantization of the 3 d t 2g bands and, interestingly, redistributes the charge between the d xy and d xz / d yz bands.


Approximately 40,000 patients die from acute myocardial infarction (MI) in Japan every year according to the data from Vital Statistics 2014 reported by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare. However, the number of patients hospitalized due to acute MI is about 69,000/year, and the in-hospital mortality of those patients is below 10% according to the data from The Japanese Registry of all cardiac and vascular Disease (JROAD) reported by the Japanese Circulation Society. Therefore, approximately 34,000 patients with acute MI die before hospitalization every year and approximately 40% of acute MI patients die after onset mainly before hospitalization. Judging from these data, we should pay more attention to how to prevent acute MI rather than to how to treat acute MI patients in hospital to save their lives.


With the proliferation of online payment systems, the emergence of globally distributed consensus algorithms, and the increase of remotely managed critical IoT infrastructure, the need for critical-yet-frugal communication—high-availability and low-rate—is becoming increasingly pressing. For many of these applications, the use of leased lines or SD-WAN solutions is impractical due to their inflexibility and high costs, while standard Internet communication lacks the necessary reliability and attack resilience.To address this rising demand for strong quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees, we develop the GMA-based light-weight communication protocol (GLWP), building on a recent theoretical result, the GMA algorithm. GLWP is a capability-based protocol which is able to bootstrap network-wide bandwidth allocations in single round-trip times, and achieves high availability even under active attacks. Due to its clever use of cryptographic mechanisms, GLWP introduces minimal state in the network and causes low computation and communication overhead. We implement a GLWP prototype using Intel DPDK and show that it achieves line rate on a 40 Gbps link running on commodity hardware, thus showing that GLWP is a viable solution to provide strong QoS guarantees for critical-yet-frugal communications.


This study proposed to determine the effectiveness of the Learning Management System (LMS) assisted Schoology on parabolic material in student learning outcomes at the SMK Bhakti Indonesia Medika Pacitan. The study was a pre-experimental design with one group pre-test post-test design. The sample of this research was students of X SMK Kesehatan Bhakti Indonesia Medika Pacitan. The data analysis in this study used the One-Sample T-Test with SPSS 23. Based on the result, the average percentage of increase in student learning outcomes using LMS assisted schoology on parabolic material was 25%. By using the One Sample T-Test the sig. (2-tailed) Value of 0,000 < 0,05, statistically, there was a difference between before and after using the LMS-assisted Schoology. The usability questionnaire showed that the average for each aspect is 79% (usefulness), 67.2% (ease of use), 67.50% (ease of learning), and 64% of students are satisfied (satisfaction).


Abstract : An examination of Soviet European policies since 1964. The Brezhnev- Kosygin regime elected to continue Khrushchev's foreign policies, which had been initiated by Stalin to upset the postwar status of Western Europe while preserving it in the East. These policies were primarily aimed at eroding NATO unity and undermining U. S. influence in Europe. However, the USSR failed to stem the erosion of Soviet control in the East without resort to force. Although the Soviets suffered several disadvantages from invading Czechoslovakia in 1968, the invasion helped them to (1) reestablish Soviet military credibility; (2) destroy Czech and similar reform movements; (3) deploy more troops in the Warsaw Pact's northern area; and (4) remind West Germany that the USSR controls negotiations with the East. With the emergence of the Soviet Union as a global military power in the late sixties, Soviet leaders might be tempted to pursue bolder policies. The forthcoming strategic arms limitation talks may serve to clarify Soviet intent.


PURPOSE: A liquid dispenser is provided to stably dispense a liquid without contaminating the liquid. CONSTITUTION: A liquid dispenser includes a syringe(12), a plunger(14), a pipe(18), and a liquid tank(16). The syringe has a nozzle(20) at one end thereof. The plunger is inserted into the other end of the syringe. The pipe is connected between one end of the syringe and the other end. The liquid tank is connected to the other end of the pipe. The liquid tank is arranged such that the surface of liquid in the liquid tank is higher than the syringe. The plunger is moved forward in the syringe to dispense the liquid from the nozzle. The plunger is moved backward in the syringe to provide the liquid in the liquid tank to the syringe.


This paper describes a unique approach to draw the output waveform of the diode clamper circuits. This method does not require solving the problem using conventional method, without solving or applying numerical approach, the output of the clamper circuit can be found and output waveform can be drawn accurately. That means, without solving the diode clipper circuits we can find the output waveform as well as output voltage of the diode clamper circuits. This unique approach is based on practical observation (trick) and verified by using conventional method by applying KVL to the given circuits.This method is applicable for solving and finding the output waveform of all types of clamper circuits (biased and unbiased). This technique can also be used to solve the biased Clamper circuit which uses practical diode like Silicon or Germanium diode. The waveform and the output of the diode clamper circuit obtained is exactly same which was obtained using conventional method with 100% accuracy.


The structure of microcellular foamed plastics causes optical, acoustic, and electrical properties. The diffuse reflection performance of microcellular foamed plastics can be applied as a high performance diffuse reflector. To improve microcellular foaming process, a simulation was conducted. It was to analyze the factor affecting when microcellular foamed plastics realized the diffuse reflection performance. Cell morphology of microcellular foamed plastics can be expressed through four factors. From result of simulation made a data base about cell morphology and diffuse reflectance. And the statistical method was used for identify contributions by factors.


Hypertension remains oneoftheleading causes ofmorbidity andmortality intheUnited States. Numerous antihypertensive agents areavailable today, andmosthypertensive patients suffer from concomitant diseases/conditions. Manyofthese diseases/conditions require appropriate selection ofantihypertensive agents. Itgets quite complex topick theinitial andadditional antihypertensive agents that aresimultaneously beneficial inthemanagement ofthese comorbidities. Theauthors believe this guide will assist physicians inpicking theright agent toachieve goal blood pressure recommended bytheJoint National Committee (JNC). Inthis paper, theintroduction section briefly outlines someaspects ofthepathophysiology ofhypertension. This isfollowed bysubsections that identify commonly encountered diseases/conditions that coexist with hypertension, andalist of antihypertensive drugs tobeused for these conditions intheorder ofpreference. Thesuggested choices arebased onevidence from clinical trials, for themostpart, andinsomecases based on mechanisms ofaction ofthedrugs. Thelist ofchoices isthen followed byconcise explanations or rationale, including citations for theclinical trials orother relevant sources. Suchasystematic approach anduseofahandy flow chart would enhance appropriate blood pressure control and patient compliance and, hopefully, makealittle dent intherate ofhypertension-related cardiovascular morbidity andmortality. (JNatl MedAssoc. 2004;96:450-460.)


The Brazilian soils are acids becoming its soils poor in nutrients and in the other side our internal production of fertilizers do not attend our consumption. Because of this, the research for developing alternative fertilizers is necessary. This work aims to grind the sample of potassium rock from Pocos de Caldas-MG with 10 to 30% of CaO followed by calcining in temperatures of 600 to 1000 0C, in order to obtain alternative fertilizer of slow nutrient release. In this context, the potassium content available for solubilization in the soil has been quantified for a natural rock through extraction tests and then it was observed an availability of just 2% of the K content in the rock. And so, tests of mechanochemical activation followed by calcining have been conducted aiming


The cross section for two-electron photoionization of the hydrogen molecule by high-energy photons is predicted in the nonrelativistic dipole approximation to be 2.25% of the cross section for single photoionization.


In this paper I have examine how Voluntourism and its bisectional content is perceived and justified by operators who are active in the volunteer travel industry. I have taken a qualitative approach and I chose to do an observational study and complementing it with four interviews. Most of my material is obtained from a volunteer organization in Thailand but two of the interviews were made with volunteer travelling agencies in Sweden.
 I used organisational theories to examine my material. Voluntourism consists of two organizational parts: the volunteer work and the commercial work. I wanted to study the balance between the project and the volunteers, and what different operators attitudes towards it were.
 The business of Voluntourism is sometimes criticized, and my conclusion was that the two organizational parts live and thrive of each other. The operators appear not to see this as the problem media often presents it to be. Another conclusion was that Voluntourism should not be compared to aid work. It is a new form of travelling and, for example, does not require qualifications. Voluntourism could do much good, and all parties seem to agree on the need for quality assurance in this new field of travel.


This review considers methodologies that have or can be employed to incorporate streamflow forecasts into reservoir policies and operating decisions. These include the use of streamflow forecasts in deterministic optimization models, use of multiple stage decision trees, stochastic analytical optimization models with linearized reservoir dynamics, and sophisticated stochastic models that can describe the joint distribution of streamflows and forecasts in the optimization of reservoir operations.


The quasar HE0230$-$2130 is lensed by two galaxies at similar redshifts into four observed images. Using modeled quasar positions from fitting the brightness of the quasar images in ground-based imaging data from the Magellan telescope, we find that lens mass models where both galaxies are each parametrized with a singular power-law (PL) profile predict five quasar images. One of the predicted images is unobserved even though it is distinctively offset from the lensing galaxies and is bright enough to be observable. This missing image gives rise to new opportunities to study the galaxies' mass distribution. To interpret the quad configuration of this system, we test different profile assumption with the aim to obtain lens mass models that predicts correctly only four observed images. We test the effect of adopting cored profiles for the lensing galaxies, of external shear, and of additional profiles to represent a dark matter clump. By comparing the Bayesian evidence of different model parametrizations, we favor the model class that consists of two singular PL profiles for the lensing galaxies and a cored isothermal sphere in the region of the previously predicted fifth images (rNIS profile). We estimate the mass of the rNIS clumps inside its Einstein radius and find that 18\% are in the range $10^6 M_{\odot} \leq M_{\rm rNIS}\leq 10^9 M_{\odot}$, which is the predicted mass range of dark matter subhalos in cold dark matter simulations, or the mass of low-mass dark matter satellite galaxies. The second most likely model class, with a relative probability of 94\%, is the model where the smaller lensing galaxy is described by a cored PL profile with external shear. Our study demonstrates that lensed quasar images are sensitive to dark matter structure in the gravitational lens.


Time-resolved studies are reported for a series of quinone-substituted porphyrin monomers and monometalated phenyl-linked dimers. Irradiation of the simple porphyrin monomer systems Ph-Zn-Q, Ph-H 2 -Q, and H 2 -Q in toluene at 295 K elicits charge separation to produce the oxidized free-base (H 2 ) or zinc (Zn) porphyrin and the reduced quinone (Q) within the 350-fs excitation flash


Studies investigating the effects of level of autonomy (LOA) on workload and performance in human-agent teams typically utilize subjective measures, but do not often incorporate physiological measures. This paper examines how well eye movement data collected in a recent experiment converges with the findings suggested by the subjective measures. Several eye behavior measures (fixation count, average fixation duration, blink rate, saccade amplitude and pupil diameter) were evaluated, and findings based on these compared to findings of NASA-TLX and situation awareness questionnaires. In addition, individual differences due to perceived attentional control were evaluated. Findings indicate that the physiological measures account for variance in workload that typical subjective measures may not, as they are more sensitive to individual differences among participants.


The principle of air washer cleaning dust air and the reason influcing air washer eliminate dust were analyzed. The determination of air dust concentration was introduced. Under a few of experiment scheme, the relationship between the quantity of water spray, clean efficiency and all kinds of influence factor was (pointed) out. In the end, the regression formulas of clean efficiency that was η=Av~mP~n were given .


The electricity demand for water supply purposes is steadily increasing due to urbanization. Therefore, water distribution networks (WDNs) are becoming energy-intensive due to the wide-spread deployment of electricity-driven water pumps. Energy-efficient operation of water pumps is a significant concern for WDN operators. To this end, this paper formulates the optimal water flow (OWF) problem to optimally schedule pumps and valves with the objective of minimizing the pump power consumption while at the same time accounting for the flow-dependent pump efficiency in WDNs. The resulting OWF problem is a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP). The problem includes a fractional (nonconvex) objective and nonconvex constraints due to the WDN hydraulics, and is hard to solve. A novel successive linear approximation-based approach is used to overcome the nonconvex hydraulic constraints. Furthermore, Dinkelbach's algorithm is used to tackle the fractional pump power objective. Finally, a solver called convex optimal water flow (C-OWF) is developed, which relies on solving a sequence of mixed-integer linear programs. A case study verified by simulation software EPANET illustrates the C-OWF's benefits in operating the pump near maximum efficiency and reducing pump power compared to conventional rule-based designs.


What was the turning point in the world's largest and deadliest outbreak of the Ebola virus disease? Public health interventions tend to focus on supply-side provision of public health goods. These goods are clinical resources such as medicine or equipment. However, no nation has enough resources to 'treat' its way out of a widespread epidemic. Behavioural changes, such as social distancing, are needed too. Behaviours are the demand-side of public health goods and if unaddressed, perpetuate disease transmission. Community-based institutions addressed demand-side barriers during the 2014 Ebola epidemic in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Sixty-seven interviews were conducted in several provinces in Liberia and Sierra Leone. The findings show that information asymmetry and collective action challenges lowered the demand for clinical resources. Community-based institutions intervened via health sensitization and emergency regulations. Therefore, health seeking and public cooperation improved. This research study demonstrates a need to integrate community-led action into public health emergency management.


According to the principle of rapid prototype,the paper did the analysis and research of data processing and technological process of rapid prototype process,used UG software to design and develop products,at the same time did the functional analysis of the product model.Make product solid model with the use of rapid prototype equipment,on the basis of that,modified design proposals of the product and did the evaluation of design.


In this paper, we present a new iterative scheme for finding a common point among the set of solution of equilibrium problems, the set of solution to a variational inequality problem and the fixed point set of k-strictly pseudo-contractive mappings in a real Hilbert space. We then prove that the proposed scheme converges strongly to a common element which is the solution of a variational inequality problem, system of equilibrium problems, and a fixed point of k-strictly pseudo-contractive mappings. These results improve and generalize recent works in this direction.


Concentrations of CCl3F (F-11), CCl2F2 (F-12), CHClF2 (F-22), C2Cl3F3 (F-113), CH3CCl3, CCl4, C2Cl4 (PCE), CH3I, CHCl3, CO, CH3Cl, CH4, N2O, and OCS were measured in and above the boundary layer (0–4 km) of the southern hemisphere (latitudes 30°S–40°S, longitudes 138°E–146°E) during November 1981. The measurements were made by EC/GC, GC/FID, EC/GC/TP and GC/MS (GC-gas chromatography; EC-electron capture; FID-flame ionization detector; TP-temperature programmed; MS-mass spectroscopy). The concentrations are reported, the results are analyzed statistically to uncover differences of concentration in and above the boundary layer and unusual observations are explained.


This essay presents the activity of the Austrian secret police that led to legal action being taken up in 1859. That year, Vaclav Hanka sued David Kuh, the founder and editor of the Prague newspaper "Tagesbote aus Bohmen", for defamation, after the latter published a series of anonymous articles in his paper, accusing Hanka of forging The Queen's Court Manuscript and The Green Mountain Manuscript . For several decades, both works influenced the shaping of the Czech political nation, and as it later transpired, the Austrian police were behind the attacks on their authenticity. Further piquancy is added by the fact that thirty years later, Hanka was indeed recognised as the author of the aforementioned manuscripts.


In this paper, we propose a simple while effective unsupervised deep feature transfer algorithm for low resolution image classification. No fine-tuning on convenet filters is required in our method. We use pre-trained convenet to extract features for both high-and low-resolution images, and then feed them into a two-layer feature transfer network for knowledge transfer. A SVM classifier is learned directly using these transferred low resolution features. Our network can be embedded into the state-of-the-art deep neural networks as a plug-in feature enhancement module. It preserves data structures in feature space for high resolution images, and transfers the distinguishing features from a well-structured source domain (high resolution features space) to a not well-organized target domain (low resolution features space). Extensive experiments on VOC2007 test set show that the proposed method achieves significant improvements over the baseline of using feature extraction.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the 20 meter multi-stage shuttle run test (MST) in predicting VO2max compared to the directly measured reading from the laboratory. 4 male participants, who were diverse in terms of their ages and who were active physically, performed the MST and an incremental treadmill tests. Predicted VO2max values were obtained for the MST based on their stages and shuttles and actual VO2max values were obtained from the laboratory treadmill test. Results showed that all predicted VO2max values for the MST over-predicted that of the actual VO2max values from the laboratory test. This study seems to suggest that there is no validity in the MST in predicting VO2max of an individual as compared to the actual VO2max values from the laboratory.


Power management units (PMU) have come into the spotlight with energy efficiency becoming a first order constraint in MPSoC designs. To cater to the exponential rise in power events, and to meet the demands of tight power and energy budgets, PMUs are evolving to more complex and intelligent designs. In an era defined by energy efficient computing, a malicious circuit embedded in a third party PMU can adversely affect the operation of the entire MPSoC. This work presents and evaluates two covert security threats, P-VIRUS and DROWSY, designed using a malicious third party PMU. Further, we propose a non-invasive IP risk assessment module to monitor the trustworthiness of the deployed PMU. Our techniques help flag malicious activities in the PMU with less than 1% area and power overheads.


Through the detection of serum indexs,in order to find out new serum indexs that can indicate mastitis.We divide the subject into two groups: normal group and infected group,and use biochemical analyzer,detect many serum indexs that related to infection.It was found that the serum level of ALB and ALT are significant difference between the normal group and infected group(P0.05),especially the ALB,which is greatly lower in affected group(P0.01).Other serum indexs,such as Hs-CRP,ALT,GLU,TBIL have no significant difference.It is evident that ALB and ALT can be the cow mastitis serum indicator.


For understanding the number of impeller's blades effect on the performance of multistage centrifugal pumps,based on k-eturbulence model,Simplec algorithm and the Navier Stokes homogenization equation is used to simulate D100-80×12multistage centrifugal pumps' phase,which just changes the number of impeller blades.By Fluent numerical calculation,the pump internal pressure and velocity field distribution can be obtained.To analyze it,when the number of impeller blade is 6,the internal flow field,in the multistage centrifugal pumps,has the most uniform pressure and velocity distribution.At the same time,by using Fluent postprocessing results for performance prediction of this pump,we conclude that when the impeller blade is 6,the pumps' efficiency reach maximum 70.68%.


By arranging the accrual accounting identity as a hierarchy of market response models, this paper investigates whether current and noncurrent accruals have incremental information content beyond earnings. The results indicate that the increase in explanatory power attributable to funds flow and cash flow disclosure can be improved upon by estimating the surprises in reported numbers by exponentially weighting prior values. The unexpected information simplifies to the weighted sum of deviations from the estimated level and estimated trend. Further improvements are obtained by allowing components of the error to vary with time and by company in a non-autoregressive, homoscedastic pooling scheme which takes account of the joint presence of time series disturbance and cross sectional disturbance. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1997.


As one of the most important achievements during the last decade in product lifecycle management (PLM), contextual object definition became main integrating factor in product models. In this paper, the authors introduce their recent results in contextual product modeling. Four aspects of contextual product object definition are discussed and recent related results are introduced. The aspects are contextual nature of product information, organizing contextual definitions, embedding knowledge for contexts in product model, and new product model entities collaborating with usual PLM model entities. In this scenario, the results by the authors of this paper are introduced in close connection with their earlier published results. The purpose of the work was joining to efforts for higher intelligence in product modeling methodology considering current trends, recent research activities, and leading industrial product modeling technology.


Number Role Number Exposures Freezing Flicking Leaning forward Chirping Increased flying TilBng head P/LB 1 O 4 X X X W/G 2 "O" 4 X X X M/P 3 O 4 X X X X X B/G 4 "O" 3 X X O/LB 5 O 2 X X P/B 6 "O" 1 X G/G 7 O 2 W/W 8 "O" 2 X X P/Y 9 O 3 X X LB/W 10 "O" 3 X Y/Y 1 D 2 X X X O/B 2 "D" 4 X X X M/W 3 D 4 X X X X P/O 4 "D" 4 X X B/W 5 D 4 X G/LB 6 "D" 3 X X P/P 7 D 3 X LB/LB 8 "D" 2 X B/B 9 D 4 X X Y/W 10 "D" 4 X X X IntroducBon Social learning, while sFll a relaFvely new field, has been discovered in many diverse taxa, especially in birds (Slagsvold and Wiebe 2011). Social learning occurs when one individual is able to learn simply by observing another individual, rather than by actually performing the task (Reader and Biro 2010). Animals are frequently capable of socially learning about food; Slagsvold and Wiebe (2011) demonstrated that prey choice is oZen learned, as offspring tended to choose the prey eaten by their foster parents. However, social learning has been demonstrated in adults too; zebra finches showed some food preferences for the food they saw eaten by a demonstrator, though the results were affected by the sex of both the observer and demonstrator (Katz and Lachlan 2003). Neophobia, the fear of new things, is oZen Fghtly Fed to accessing food, as individuals may need to explore novel environments or objects to discover new sources of food (Webster and Lefebvre 2000). Birds may also be capable of learning socially in order to avoid predators. Starlings learned to avoid a potenFal predator aZer seeing a conspecific Fed to the predator model (Conover and Perito 1981). However, most studies of social learning about predators involve increased responding, generally in an abempt to teach naïve individuals to fear predators. Social Learning in Society Finches Leah Zebovitz '17 Franklin & Marshall College Department of Biological Founda:ons of Behavior: Animal Behavior


Scanpaths are mainly analyzed in a top-down approach, with the use of a priori areas of interest (AOI). When comparing scanpaths, different approaches and techniques can be used. Some authors use the Levenshtein distance, combined with a clustering method so as to uncover patterns of visual exploration. More recently, the T-pattern technique has been used to analyze both the temporal and the spatial aspects of the scanpaths. The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of an analysis of scanpaths based solely on a bottom-up approach, i.e., by defining the AOI based on visual data and then by analyzing them so as to discover scanpaths patterns. In order to do so, two techniques are combined: the mean shift procedure to detect AOI automatically, and the T-pattern techniques developed by Magnusson (2000). This study indicates that this approach is relevant and yields interesting results.


Delay Tolerant Network(DTN) is a wireless network where source cannot have a handshake with the destination and source has to use a routing known as opportunistic routing to deliver the message to the destination. One of the most widely used routing protocol in DTN is Spray and Wait(SnW) routing protocol and there are a lot of methods to complete the spray phase, most popular is Binary SnW. In this paper, we are proposing a modified version of Binary SnW protocol referred as Hexago SnW. In this approach, we used hexagonal series instead of binary series. The comparison of Hexago SnW with other existing approaches shows that Hexago SnW gives better performance than others in term of overhead ratio, delivery ratio etc. In simulation, two groups of moving objects are used to show the working and performance evaluation of our proposed routing technique.


During the 3D Stacked ICs fabrication, various defects in TSVs could come up, resulting both in performance and reliability reduction. These defects could produce serious problems in the early stages of fabrication. The situation gets more difficult because there is limited test access to TSVs, before and after wafer thinning. An analysis of effectiveness on oscillation-based pre-bond TSV test methods, based on frequency difference between a fault-free and a defective TSV, is presented. TSVs are embedded, modeled as RC elements, in a ring oscillator and the frequency is measured. When a defective TSV is inserted to the ring oscillator, it results to variations in the frequency of the circuit. The alteration of the frequency can lead us to the detection of leakage and resistive open faults. Many Monte Carlo simulations are used in each case (fault-free or faulty), to verify the robustness of the test. 65nm CMOS technology models were used for the design of the ring oscillators.


In 1984, solid-state materials were discovered that had diffraction pattern symmetries that are forbidden for three-dimensional crystalline structures. The structures of these materials have become known as quasicrystals. A considerable literature has developed for both physical and mathematical quasicrystals. There are essentially three forms of mathematical three-dimensional quasicrystals. In this paper, we will develop computational techniques to construct these three forms of quasicrystals as point sets, and then organize those point sets in order to visualize patches of quasicrystals using parallelepipeds.


56 ABSTRACT Aims and objectives: Adnexal torsion is a rare gynecological emergency that requires an early surgical intervention to save the adnexa from irreversible damage. Our study is about the clinical presentation and management of adnexal torsion in a pregnant woman in a tertiary care center. Materials and methods: This case study was done in a pregnant woman who came with adnexal torsion in the first trimester in the labor room of Government Medical College and Patiala, Punjab, India. Results: Torsion ovarian cyst is found in 5 per 10,000 women in pregnancy. The woman was suspected of having heterotopic pregnancy (an intrauterine pregnancy with ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy). However, she was diagnosed as intrauterine pregnancy with adnexal torsion during laparotomy. Conclusion: Adnexal torsion is a rare emergency, which requires a high index of clinical suspicion for diagnosis as the symptoms are nonspecific. Imaging helps in diagnosis, but most of them are diagnosed intraoperatively. Diagnosis is made clinically along with imaging modalities. Ultrasound with color Doppler is the most commonly used imaging modality. An early surgical intervention helps in salvaging the adnexa and prevents further complications.


Red cells from two SS genotype and two SA genotype patients were sampled. When the samples were deoxygenated and mixed with platelet‐rich plasma, they caused the release of platelet factor 3 as recorded in a coagulometer. This phenomenon was not present in control blood samples from normal individuals. Membrane changes in abnormal red cells during hypoxia may be responsible in part for platelet activation and its role in vasoocclusive crisis. Vasoocclusive crisis could be prevented by increasing the red cell membrane fluidity and inhibiting the platelet aggregation with pentoxifylline. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract : Total Physical Response method in language teaching is a method that aims to determine students' understanding through verbal instruction. Therefore, a teacher needs a method that allows for student fun learn with indepedently and also that can build chemistry between teachers and students. This research Used Classroom Action that consists of four steps: planning, acting, observation and reflection. Subject of this research was students studying in first semester in Center of Developing language at UIN Antasari university in academic year 2018-2019. Result of research indicate that applying of physical response method proven effectively about the improving of Arabic language skill of student in first level. Therefore, it is very important for the language teachers to pay attention of this method in Arabic learning process  and also these findings had implications for the importance of academic policy affirmations from leader university for the development of strategies and methodologies of learning Arabic skills.


The South West Public Health Observatory is part of a national network of eight regional public health observatories, funded by the Department of Health. These were established in 2000 as outlined in the Government White Paper Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation. Key tasks include: monitoring health and disease trends; identifying gaps in health information; advising on methods for health and health impact assessment; drawing together information from different sources and carrying out projects on particular health issues. i Acknowledgements This report presents the results of a project funded by the South West Public Health Observatory. It utilises 1991 census data (Crown Copyright, ESRC Purchase) supplied by Manchester Information and Associated Services (MIMAS), and digital boundary data supplied by UKBorders with the support of the ESRC and JISC and based on data which are copyright of the Crown and the ED-LINE Consortium. Table 1 Correlations (Pearson) of standard deprivation indices and standardised illness ratios at ward level in different iv Summary The aims of this report are as follows: • To review the range of ways in which 'rurality' is defined and measured, and the implications of this for policy makers (section 2). • To review existing methods of measuring deprivation and to determine how well they identify rural deprivation (section 3). • To advise on what measures currently (if any) are best placed to detect rural deprivation (section 4). • To identify any existing methods of measuring distance and access in the public or commercial sector (section 5). The report is structured around an understanding that, if rural agencies are to make clear statements of the funding they require to deliver services to their communities, they require 1) indicators that are sensitive to the way in which social disadvantage is expressed in rural areas and 2) methods of accounting for the additional costs of providing services to dispersed and/or peripheral areas. The main conclusions of the report are as follows: • The way in which rurality is defined will have important implications for the way in which service needs and problems of access are interpreted. • Peripherality appears to be associated with high levels of disadvantage (including poor health status). However, when rural areas are defined on the basis of alternative measures, such as settlement size and population density, the problems faced by peripheral communities tend not to be captured. • Measures of rurality alter with the scale at which …


This article combines an investigation of legal practice in late tsarist Russia with an analysis of imperial rule. The Judicial Reform of 1864 introduced new legal principles, institutions, and rules of court procedure into the empire. Focusing on legal interaction in the newly established circuit courts in Crimea and Kazan, this article explores the implications of Tatar legal involvement in state courts for both the empire's legal reform process and its policies toward ethnic and religious minorities. It discusses the courts as tools for the integration of these multiethnic regions with the imperial center and shows how legal unification developed in a context of dynamic, and locally specific, plural legal orders. It concludes that minority policies were characterized by the simultaneous pursuit of integration and the promotion of difference. The article draws mainly on court records from Kazan and Simferopol (Crimea), newspaper coverage, and on the reports and memoirs of jurists.


Objective To explore the expression and significance of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and cytochrome P450(aromatase) in the sexual-maturity male SD rat's seminiferous tubule.Methods Each 6 male SD rats born for 5 weeks,7 weeks and 10 weeks were selected.Paraffin sections of the left testis were made and the expression of the eNOS,iNOS,nNOS and P450 in the testis of male SD rat were observed with immunohistochemical ABC method.Results eNOS and P450 were expressed in the spermatocytes of the seminiferous tubule,and the positive degree were(+++),(+) and(+) respectively in the 5-w,7-w and 10-w groups.nNOS were weak expressed in the spermatocytes of the seminiferous tubule in the 5-w groups,and were negative in 7-w and 10-w groups.iNOS were negative in spermatocytes of the seminiferous tubule in all the groups.Conclusion With the development process of sexual maturation,the expression of eNOS and P450 may be related in the spermatocytes of sexual-maturity male SD rat that mainly involved in the development of spermatocytes.


Sagittarius-kan was opened April, 2016 for the Faculty of Foreign Studies and for the Faculty of Sociology, which began teaching in 2017. The building consists of a range of classrooms, a Global Commons, computer class rooms, audio and video studios, faculty offices, meeting rooms, a teachers' room and toilets, including a powder room. The classroom sizes go from large lecture course orientated rooms with fixed seating to small seminar rooms. The author was on both the committee responsible for the Global Commons as well as the committee from the Faculty of Foreign Studies which worked with the architects on classrooms, the teachers' room, and other aspects of the building design. This report seeks to outline the background and reasoning behind the unusual design which was originally proposed by this author for the middle sized rooms, for classes of up to between 36 and 48 students, in particular those on the 2nd and 5th floors, a design which also became the model for the Open Classroom in the Global Commons. The proposal was made at a time when emphasis on encouraging active learning was growing and Foreign Studies Faculty goals involved the CEFR descriptors, encouraging development of student ability in all four skills. Graphics used in this article are those downloaded at the time, while background information is often from more recent literature as, while designs like this have become much more common in recent years, it was not as well recognized as a design concept at the time of proposal.


Due to the decrease in magnitude of structures being sought in seismic exploration, the selection of the most accurate method of computation assumes increasing significance. The underlying assumptions and characteristics of several common computational methods are discussed and an analysis is made for a specific case.


After introducing the terms ?directive efficiency? and ?sharpness of directivity,? the author considers the general conditions for obtaining good sharpness of directivity in a beam system. Supposing that the field strength is required to vary rapidly for angular displacements in a certain plane in the neighbourhood of a certain direction, it is found that the antenna system should be spread in the plane under consideration and in a line perpendicular to the direction of maximum radiation. When a plane reflector is used the system should lie in aline which is not quite perpendicular to the direction required, in order to obtain optimum results. If the antenna system is to hold within a fixed volume, one side of the volume should be as large as possible. At the same time a certain relation should hold between the lengths of the sides and the direction in which radiation is required. It will be evident that, since in a parabola the antenn? do not lie in a straight line, the parabolic system is not, for given overall dimensions, the best arrangement for obtaining good sharpness of directivity. A good reflector should be at a definite distance from the transmitter in order that the phase of the radiation fields from the reflector and transmitter respectively may be zero in one direction and 180? in the other. Even when this obtains, the reflector will act in this way for only one direction. For instance, a reflector adjusted to neutralize the radiation in a certain direction in the horizontal plane will not do so in any other direction or in any other plane. A method using an inclined antenna system and reflector for the purpose of obtaining maximum sharpness of directivity at any angle to the vertical is described. Finally, the question of excitation is very briefly considered, and it is suggested that antenn? not directly connected to the source may be used. A possible improvement on the Franklin antenna is also described.


The etiology of internal root resorption is not fully understandable. Trauma and chronic pulpitis are considered the main risk factors. Usually the internal root resorption is asymptomatic and diagnosed upon routine radiographic examination. A  30-year-old male arrived at the clinic with complaints of pain at the night and swelling after the composite restoration in tooth 12. Radiographic examination revealed internal resorptions in teeth 12 and 21. The resorptif cavities were confirmed by evaluation with cone beam computed tomography. Root canal treatment was performed on three teeth; however in spite of the all attempts, the apical third of the tooth 12 was not achieved. Thus, the treatment strategy was changed and it was decided to perform a surgical approach on the tooth 12. This case report presents the ortograde approach to internal resorptions in teeth 11 and 21, and retrograde approach in tooth 12


With summaries from creation of Landscape Building in Dongguan Dalingshan Forest Park, the keys as insurance for successful creation in Landscape Building were proposed in this issue, they are: site selection, plane layouts, building style and colors; the acme of creation for landscape building is to sublimate from site and nature into organic harmony with its environment.


We calculate the one-loop quark box diagrams relevant to polarized and unpolarized Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering by introducing an off-forward momentum $l^\mu$ as an infrared regulator. This regularization approach allows us to reveal the poles associated with the chiral anomaly in the polarized scenario, as well as the trace anomaly in the unpolarized case. We provide an interpretation of our findings in the context of pertinent Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs). Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these poles on the QCD factorization pertaining to Compton amplitudes.


This year one of the highlights of the «Festival de teatro del siglo de oro» in Chamizal was the performance of La Celestina, followed by a lengthy discussion during the Symposium the morning after. Both performance and critical reaction caused a certain amount of controversy which, in tum, made me reflect on the nature of Literature, Theatre and Criticism. Only when we are confronted with a live performance of a literary work are we made to realize the enormous difference between the written page and its dramatic presentation and, for that matter, the role of the reader in contrast to that of the spectator. The reader is free to enjoy the text in his own time and to study it from all angles in order to gradually come to an interpretation all his own. The spectator, however, has to surrender this right to a private interpretation of the text. This is now the prerogative of the director of the play who represents to his audience his own overall reading of the work. In fact, in a stage production, the only readers that really matter are the director and the players who have previously studied and interpreted the work according to their own sensibilities and preferences. However, given the limitations imposed on the director by the time-


Unispecific Septogarcinia from Indonesia is clearly related to Garcinia, but it was considered sufficiently distinct to warrant generic status. Septogarcinia sumbawaensis Kosterm. was sampled in a recent phylogenetic study of Clusiaceae and became nested within Garcinia, with which it shares several morphological features. Therefore, a new combination, Garcinia sumbawaensis (Kosterm.) Medellín-Zabala & L. Marinho, is proposed here.


Coal fly ash (CFA) is one of the major pollutants around the whole world. At the same time, incense stick ash (ISA) is another waste that is generated in huge amounts in Southeast Asia. Both of these wastes are rich in different types of minerals; for instance, CFA is rich in alumina, silica, and ferrous, while incense sticks ash is rich in calcium and silica. ISA has intermediate to trace amounts of ferrous, alumina, and magnesium. The addition of alkali-rich materials with high Al and Si-containing CFA helps in the formation of zeolites or geopolymers. So, in the current research work, the authors have prepared a CFA: ISA mixture in the ratio of 1:1, followed by mixing them with NaOH, CaOH2, and KOH in a dry state in a crucible. Further, all these mixtures were then calcined at 600 °C for six hours in a muffle furnace. Further, the developed products were analyzed by various sophisticated instruments for detailed information. Finally, the developed material's potential was assessed for the remediation of malachite green from the aqueous solution by batch adsorption study. The developed adsorbents efficiently removed the dye from the aqueous solutions within one hour. The kinetic study revealed that the dye removal followed a pseudo-second-order reaction. Finally, the developed material was also assessed for its suitability as an adsorbent by observing the effect of leaching of potassium, aluminum, and silica from the adsorbent surface into the water systems. Such approaches will solve the problem of solid waste disposal arising from both the ashes.


Recent results on W physics and on searches for new particles from analyses of the full 1996 data set collected at LEP are reported.


The streamflow regime in the Snowy Mountains, Australia, has been significantly affected by water regulation related to the construction of the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Scheme (SMHES) fifty years ago. These changes in the streamflow are associated with the complicated structure of water detention in the multiple reservoirs built in this region and extensive inter-basin water diversion. However, in addition to these non-climatic changes in catchment infrastructure, local changes in the climatic pattern can also cause changes in the flow. These local climate changes are related to changes of temperature patterns near large artificial. Even very minor changes in the temperature regime can affect the evaporation rate and the processes of snow melt/accumulation in this area. The conceptual rainfall-runoff model IHACRES with a snow melt/accumulation module was selected to calibrate streamflow in the 207 km2 Island Bend catchment located in the headwaters of the Snowy River. The results of historical simulation of streamflow in the catchment since 1889 indicate that there are no changes in annual discharge over this period. However, statistically significant negative trends in mean monthly discharge were found for the winter months (June, July and August). This reduction in streamflow is compensated by a statistically significant positive trend in mean October discharge, which provides about the same portion of annual yield as the three winter months.


Purpose: Most anterior skull base defects causing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea can be readily approached using endoscopic techniques when surgical repair is necessary. We present our data from endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea with long‐term follow‐up.


Clyde W. Yancy and James B. Young, eds 256 pages. Oxford, UK: Clinical Publishing; 2008. $77.00. ISBN 1–904392–40–7

The sobering statistics on heart failure in the United States are often repeated: the incidence approaches 10 per 1000 population after 65 years of age; the lifetime risk for both men and women over age 40 is 1 in 5; 1.1 million hospital discharges occur per year, with estimated costs of $35 billion.1 To address this major health problem and optimize patient care, the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association have published extensive evidenced-based guidelines that are readily available to cardiologists and primary care providers.2 In addition, these guidelines have been abbreviated in executive statements, major textbooks, and online support tools for rapid clinical application.3 So is there really a need for another textbook on heart failure? The answer, according to the editors of Therapeutic Strategies in Heart Failure , is definitely yes but with an acknowledgement of what their book is and what it is not. As noted in the preface, Therapeutic Strategies is not meant to be an in-depth review of heart failure pathophysiology or a recapitulation of published guidelines; rather, the aim of the textbook is to provide "topical, contemporary and relevant reviews" of selected treatments. Toward this end, Therapeutic Strategies succeeds in providing clinicians with renewed and practical perspectives on current and emerging therapies …


An off-line method for the determination of tr ace silver in water samples and certified reference materials by cl oud point extraction (CPE) followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) has been worked out. Preconcentration of CPE was based on complex formation of silver with dithizone in the presence of non-ionic micelles of octylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol (Triton X-114) at pH 4.0. Optimization was performed on the variables influencing complexation and phase separation. The detection limit of silver in certified samples was 1.42 ng mL -1 , the quantification limit was 4.72 ng mL -1 , and precision expressed as relative standard deviation was 2.2% (n = 3, for silver concentration of 50 ng mL -1 ). The method was applied for the


This paper presents an identification procedure of a multivariable acoustic noise model, produced by a particular Electro-Mechanical Film (EMFi ) actuator. This model will be integrated in an experimental setup for active noise control purposes. The obtained data represents a nonlinear dynamic system, which led to the use of nonlinear identification techniques. A comparison between neural network models and fuzzy models is presented such that their advantages and range of applications is clearly shown. Neural network models have, among others, the property of learning nonlinear multivariable dynamic mappings without suffering from the curse of dimensionality. Fuzzy models have the advantage of combining accuracy and some transparency. The use of nonlinear modeling techniques allows the possibility of modeling acoustic behaviors in a simpler and faster way than conventional mathematical modeling. Experimental results show the applicability of each modeling paradigm.


The analysis of persuasive discourse can be approached from the perspective of traditional rhetoric, but may be significantly implemented by the addition of tools provided by pragmatics. This essay aims to show how considerations regarding the textual indicators of the speaker's and the addressee's authority and affective relations and each one's social prestige (or face, according to Brown and Levinson's terminology) can help us to explain the textual organization of Shakespeare's sonnets 1-17 in order to achieve the poet's goal: to persuade his young friend to procreate. This kind of analysis will also allow us to discern the existence of two groups of sonnets, one based on the appeal to reason, the other on feelings, each featuring different discursive and persuasive strategies.


Electrostatic micromirrors are yet a well-known topic in the world of MOEMS. But in some specific cases, the mirror dimensions should have to be extended in order to be able to switch beams of a larger diameter. In other words, the convergence in dimensions between electronic technologies and classical machining in the range of hundreds microns to millimetre was not yet explored. This is the context of our study, whose goal is to make digital switching devices with a size of some millimetres and a large, pre-fixed deflection angle of ten degrees.


In this paper we consider an operator B which carries a polynomial P(z) of degree n into B[P(z)]= λ0P(z) + λ1(nz/2)P'(z)/1! + λ2 (nz/2)2P"(z)/2! Where λ0, λ1 and λ2 are such that all the zeros of U(z)= λ0 + C(n, 1)λ1z + C(n, 2) λ2 z2 lie in the half plane |z|≤|z-n/2| and investigate the dependence of |B[P(Rz)] – α B[P(rz)]| on the minimum and the maximum modulus of P(z) on for every real or complex number α with |α|≤ 1 , R > r ≥ 1 with restriction on the zeros of the polynomial P(z) and establish some new operator preserving inequalities between polynomials.


The present study investigates the faces of Chinese authoritarianism in the cockpit. It is well known that authoritarianism is likely the most important cultural variable related to global flight safety. Chinese authoritarianism as a special type can be appropriately symbolised by the Chinese dragon. Its essential characters, deduced from the origin of the dragon representing a complete concept, totally different from the understanding as being evil held by Western people, are described in this study. A full-scale survey of the pilots in Taiwan was performed. From the comparisons made between local and foreign Captains, it was found that with the Chinese dragon in mind, Chinese authoritarianism can be categorised as having the following components: (1) inscrutable power, which incorporates (a) obedience, (b) respect, (c) fear of being punished; (2) auspicious expectation, which incorporates (a) kindness, (b) taking care, (c) superb superior, and (3) family clan. It is expected that with this study the mutual understanding between Chinese pilots and the Western designers of the aviation system can be promoted.


Abstract Heterocyclic thiols (thiones) are conveniently synthesized in good yields by the reaction of heterocyclic halides with sodium thiosulfate. The reaction requires the presence of acid, either added or liberated during the reaction, to hydrolyze the intermediate thiosulfate to thiol.


We report gas absorption spectra and energetic material reflection spectra measured with an all-electronic terahertz (THz) spectrometer. This instrument uses phase-locked microwave sources to drive picosecond GaAs nonlinear transmission lines, enabling measurement of both broadband spectra and single lines with hertz-level precision, a new mode of operation not readily available with optoelectronic THz techniques. We take two approaches to coherent measurements: (1) spatially combining the freely propagating beams from two coherent picosecond pulse generators, or (2) using a more conventional coherent source/detector arrangement with sampling detectors. The first method employs a dual-source interferometer modulating each harmonic of one source with a precisely-offset harmonic from the other source - both sources being driven with stable phase-locked synthesizers - the resultant beat frequency can be low enough for detection by a standard composite bolometer. Room-temperature detection possibilities for the DSI include antenna-coupled Schottky diodes. Finally, we have recently introduced a reflectometer based on serrodyne modulation of a linearized delay line, using a technique that is process-compatible with pulse generator circuits.


Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transmural drainage of peripancreatic fluid collection, gallbladder, bile duct, or pancreatic duct has emerged as a therapeutic option in patients with pancreatobiliary diseases. Recently, dedicated stents for EUS-guided interventions, which include lumen-apposing metal stents and modified tubular self-expanding metal stents, have been developed to improve efficacy and safety of these procedures. This article has reviewed newly developed stents for EUSguided interventions and their therapeutic outcomes.


The time course following exhaustive exercise of changes in lactate in blood, muscle, skin, kidney, urine, and branchial exhaled water in larval Rana catesbeiana, and in blood and muscle of adult R. catesbeiana, has been investigated. Tissue concentrations of pyruvate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and whole-animal V̇o2 and V̇co2 were also measured. Resting levels of blood and muscle lactate in tadpoles were not significantly different from those of adults. Muscle lactate concentrations, determined immediately following exhaustive exercise, were the same in tadpoles and adults and increased six times above resting levels in both forms. Blood lactate in adults was maximal within 1 min following exercise in adults but did not peak for 30 min in tadpoles. Blood lactate in tadpoles and adults returned to resting values 4 and 6 h, respectively, following exercise. The major difference between tadpoles and adults was thus the time course of blood lactate changes during recovery from exhaustive exercise. In tadpoles, 7% of total lactate produced during exercise was eliminated via the gills (80% of eliminated lactate), skin (13%), and urine (6%). Prevention of gill ventilation (responsible for less than one-half of total oxygen uptake) resulted in a 140% increase in blood and muscle lactate concentration during the first 2 h after exercise. Gill lactate elimination probably is important to acid-base regulation by tadpoles during recovery from exercise. The LDH activity in both larvae and adults can be summarized as follows: muscle ≫ kidney > liver ≫ heart ∼ lung. Muscle concentrations of pyruvic acid decreased following exercise in tadpoles and adults, even though blood pyruvate increased two times and remained elevated for more than 2 h. Pyruvate concentration of kidney and of whole-body homogenates of tadpoles increased two times and five times, respectively, immediately following exhaustive exercise. Low pyruvate and high LDH activity, conditions favoring reconversion of lactate to pyruvate, were thus most evident within the muscle itself. The rapid decrease in muscle lactate following exercise, which was not paralleled by an increase in blood lactate, suggests that reconversion of lactate to pyruvate may occur in muscle. Oxygen uptake remained significantly elevated after exercise for 10 h in tadpoles and 4 h in adults, partially reflecting O₂ consumed in the metabolism of lactate produced during the exercise bout. The respiratory quotient in both stages remained depressed for several hours after exercise, possibly because of acid-base imbalances incurred during and after exercise.


The problem of constructing a matrix by its spectral information is called inverse eigenvalue problem (IEP) which arises in a variety of applications. In this paper, we study an IEP for arrowhead matrices in different cases. The problem involves constructing of the matrix by some eigenvalues of each of the leading principal submatrices and one eigenpair. We will also investigate this problem and its variants in the cases of matrix entries being real, nonnegative, positive definite, complex and equal diagonal entries. To solve the problems, a new method to establish a relationship between the IEP and properties of symmetric and general form of matrices is developed. The necessary and sufficient conditions of the solvability of the problems  are obtained. Finally, some numerical examples are presented.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on procedures performed by a public urgent dental care service (PUDS).

METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study, using data from the PUDS in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, prior to the pandemic (February-March 2020) and during the pandemic (March-April 2020). Differences in the care profile between the pre-COVID-19 period and the COVID-19 period, according to sex, age and dental procedures were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test. Effect size was also measured using Cramer's V.

RESULTS
There was a 51% reduction in the number of visits between the pre-COVID-19 period (n=824) and the COVID-19 period (n=404). The percentage of extractions reduced from 14.7% to 8.9%, while the percentage of temporary cavity fillings increased from 22.9% to 33.2%, between the two periods.

CONCLUSION
The COVID-19 pandemic had repercussions on the amount and pattern of procedures performed at the city's urgent dental care service.


The open science movement has been gaining steam in numerous scientific disciplines (e.g., ecology, cancer biology, economics) as well as sub-disciplines of psychology (e.g., social, personality). These issues, however, are still not widely understood nor seen as applicable to all types of research. This presentation will include an overview of core issues in the open science movement and how they apply to all types of psychological research (any sub-discipline, any method). Emphasis will be placed on how incorporating open science principles can improve both theoretical and empirical work in psychology.


Musicology defines the style mainly on the basis of the compositional features; the use of tools for the analysis of the sound signal to study the expressive features in argentine popular music is recently applied. We propose that the musical phrasing in tango performers could focus on the recurrent characteristics of temporal elongation and shortening of rhythmic-melodic patterns embedded in the musical structure. Thus the stylistic identity would be the result of the interaction between the musical properties and the microtiming of such patterns. In this work, we combine musical analysis and temporal microanalysis to examine the individual and joint temporal variability, comparing in the same arrangement, the phrasing of Anibal Troilo's orchestra with other current orchestras.


Traditional tillage works in paddy fields were performed mainly by animal plows and harrows. The rotary tillage with hand tractors, appeared in Japan in around 1950, showed that it achieves both plowing and harrowing at one pass of the machine on the field . The hand tractor coupled with the rotary tiller is called "koun-ki" in Japanese, power tiller in English, and rapidly spread in the whole farming area in Japan from about 1955 to 1965. Now, riding tractors with rotary tillers are becoming as popular as power tillers•>. Thus plows and harrows so far used have been almost replaced by rotary tillers in Japan. Rotary blades of rotary tiller are equivalent to the share and mou ldboard of plow. It can be definitely said that to develop and use the rotary blade of rational shape is indispensable for effective tillage. The author has studied to obtain the dimensions necessary for drawing rotary blade, as shown in Fig. 1, through theoretical equations composed of machine specifications and quantitative expressions of desirable farm works, but not through intuition. The designing theories of rotary blade will be presented briefly following the actual process of designing.


As global change increases the frequency and severity of drinking water threats, managers work toward building resilient water systems to adapt to these disturbances. A critical component of resilience is citizen trust in their water utilities. Trust in an institution is a function of individual's calculation of their water utility's capability and track record (rational determinants of trust), feeling that their utility shares values or has goodwill for them (affinitive determinants of trust), personal inclination to trust (dispositional determinants of trust), and belief that the utility is transparent and follows broader system regulations (procedural determinants of trust). Although trust also varies based on citizens' awareness of drinking water issues, it has rarely been studied in a low-salience context where less consideration is given to the trusting relationship. Using a four-stage drop-off pick-up method, we randomly sampled residents in Roanoke, Virginia, an area where drinking water quality is a low-salience issue, to explore the relationship between trust, determinants, and salience. The four determinants best explained the high trust residents had when considered together in the same model alongside salience factors. Procedural determinants were most positively related to overall trust while affinitive and rational determinants had positive relationships only when those beliefs were low. Once affinitive and rational beliefs passed a threshold of strength, their relationship with overall trust became more neutral. Our findings indicate that, for low salience issues, managers looking to increase trust in their institutions should consider focusing on enhancing public understanding of regulations and transparency governing their institution and on reducing potential negative beliefs about their utilities' capabilities, goodwill, and value alignment.


A novel physical chemical filtration process in a tundish for removal of inclusion par- ticles from molten steel is proposedand analyzed. The considered inclusion particles are mainly composed of the minerals alumina (Al2O3) and spinel (MgAl2O4), which have an affinity to ad- here (on contact) to an inclusion trap. An in- dustrial tundish is considered and modified with a zigzag channel block insert installed across the molten steel fl ow so that when the molten steel flows through the zigzag channels, the inclusion particles are driven into contact with the chan- nel surfaces by increased recirculation and turbu- lence. The inclusions will bond with the surfaces and be removed from the molten steel. The flow behavior in a fully three-dimensional model of such atundish,withand withouttheincorporation of the zigzag channels, is then modeled and dy- namically simulated. The flow patterns and par- ticle trajectories are then computed and critically analyzed leading to the conclusion that the pro- posed filtering system is practically feasible. Keyword: Tundish, inclusion particles, inclu- sion removal, zigzag channel.


The co-ordination of AlIII with glycolic acid in aqueous solution was investigated with the use of 1H, 13C, 17O, and 27Al n.m.r. techniques. High-field 27Al n.m.r. spectroscopy allowed the observation of 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 3, and polynuclear complexes of AlIII with glycolic acid. A gradual shift in the 1H, 13C, and 27Al n.m.r. spectra indicated that ionization of the hydroxy group of co-ordinated glycolate starts at pH 3.17O N.m.r. measurements showed unambiguously the bidentate co-ordination of oxalic, malonic, and glycolic acid with AlIII. Solid-state 27Al 'magic-angle' spinning (m.a.s.) and 13C cross-polarization (c.p.) m.a.s. n.m.r. spectroscopy were employed to study powdered single crystals of a 2 : 6 aluminium(III)–glycolate complex.


The increasing incidence of antibiotic‐resistant bacterial infections both in hospitals and in the community intensifies the need for new antibacterial strategies and targets. Although high‐throughput screening against live bacteria allows rapid discovery of compounds with growth‐inhibitory activities, these efforts have failed to fill the pipeline with the anticipated antibacterial compounds because target identification is often onerous. Recently, a strategy was reported that employs a bacterial growth inhibition assay readout using optical density measurements on paired strains—both a wild‐type strain and a pathway‐null mutant—to find inhibitors of wild‐type bacterial growth that specifically target conditionally essential enzymes in the pathway of interest. Protocols are provided here for determining the robustness of an assay, screening in a high‐throughput format, and setting up dose‐response curves in paired Staphylococcus aureus strains. However, the protocols can be used to screen for growth‐inhibitory compounds in any bacterial strain of interest. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 2:195‐208 © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


In the last few years, investigations into processes of global climatic change have demonstrated the primary importance of consideration of the atmospheric aerosol as a climate-forming component of the atmosphere. New methods and procedures of laser sensing of the atmosphere provide better information from the viewpoint of the accuracy of reconstruction of the sought-after atmospheric parameters. In this paper we present an analysis of a nonlinear mirror, which uses second harmonic generation as well as reverse process using SCILAB program.


In the light of today's effort to achieve sustainable future of the planet, timber as building material makes a comeback on the construction market. Since the requirements on the buildings and the ...


The paper presents an example of a solution designed for a multinational client involving translator's workbenches. As a first stage, the user requirements were assessed, as concerns contents and form of documents, the technological base, human resources and volume and cost of translation. The range of possible solutions was then evaluated, in terms of budget, technological base again, language combinations, user friendliness, customisability and linguistic features. Recommendations were then made in terms of either setting up an in-house language business unit or an outsourcing solution. The client opted for an outsourcing solution. We converted, aligned and imported existing information into the workbench solution and resolved organisational issues. We have offered MT as an integral part of Workbench solutions to a variety of clients. We will discuss the financial viability and our own views of integrating MT into a translation technology environment. Dr. Adriane Rinsche Dr. Adriane Rinsche is currently managing director of The Language Technology Centre Ltd. She studied English and Philosophy at a German University, was a Research Assistant for three years, has a PhD in Computational Linguistics, and worked as a language and language technology consultant with major multinational clients. She has more than 10 years experience in the language and IT industries. The Language Technology Centre Ltd. LTC specialises in: • evaluation of major language technology developments • software consultancy in multilingual documentation and computer-assisted language training • delivering and implementing software solutions • coding and converting language resources • providing and managing outsourcing solutions in multilingual documentation Dr. Adriane Rinsche The Language Technology Centre Ltd. 27 Cotswold Close, GB-Kingston, Surrey KT2 7JN Tel: +44 181 549 2359, Fax: +44 181 974 6994 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, or firstname.lastname@example.com www: http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Language_Technology_Centre


To begin with,this paper reviews the development of non-contact 3D body scanning technique.Then,it emphatically introduces the working principles of five types of 3D body scanning technology and the basic structures of the existing 3D body scanner.In the end,it presents some problems to be solved about this technology so that the researchers and customers can get reliable systematic information.


Tools with the ability of continuous health monitoring have received immense interest in biomedical engineering and the internet of things (IoT). Ultra‐sensitive wearable strain sensors are such tools having the potential to bring cost‐effectiveness in the therapeutic field. The present work describes the development of a transparent strain sensor comprising parallel Au micro‐wires semi‐embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). A lithography‐free technique is employed for the cost‐effective fabrication, where a parallel‐crack network, formed by the gravity‐flow of a crackle precursor on an inclined silicon substrate, serves as a stencil for the parallel micro‐wire formations. The ultimate device is realized by transferring the wires into the PDMS substrate. The sensor with ≈85% transmittance shows a resistance change of ≈370% for an applied strain of 2%. The mechanism relies on the formation of nano‐break junctions in the micro‐wires due to applied strain leading to discontinuation in the electron percolation. The unidirectional sensor having such ultra‐high sensitivity and cyclic stability is exploited for the detection of resonance and dissonance oscillations of a coupled cantilever. Besides, the sensor is utilized for speech recognition, gesture detection and radial augmentation index calculation from the blood‐pulse pattern, supporting its feasibility as a potential tool in robotics and biomedical applications.


This talk will focus on Systems-on-Chip (SoCs) presented as part of the UAE SRC (Semiconductor Research Corp) Center of Excellence on Energy Efficient Electronic Systems (aka ACE4S http://www.src.org/program/grc/ace4s/) involving researchers from 5 UAE Universities looking at developing new technologies aiming at innovative self-powered wireless sensing and monitoring SoC platforms. The research targets applications in self-powered chip sets for use in public health, ambient intelligence, safety and security and water quality. ACE4S is the first SRC center of excellence outside the US. One such application, which we will discuss in details, is a novel SoC platform for wearable health care. More specifically we will present a novel fully integrated ECG signal processing system for the prediction of ventricular arrhythmia using a unique set of ECG features extracted from two consecutive cardiac cycles. Two databases of the heart signal recordings from the American Heart Association (AHA) and the MIT PhysioNet were used as training, test and validation sets to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The system achieved an accuracy of 99%. The ECG signal is sensed using a flexible, dry, MEMS-based technology and the system is powered up by harvesting human thermal energy. The system architecture is implemented in Global foundries' 65 nm CMOS process, occupies 0.112 mm2 and consumes 2.78 micro Watt at an operating frequency of 10 KHz and from a supply voltage of 1.2V. To our knowledge, this is the first SoC implementation of an ECGbased processor that is capable of predicting ventricular arrhythmia hours before the onset and with an accuracy of 99%.


A study is made of the elastic wave resonance reflection in a crystal-thin solid layer structure near the velocity of a leaky wave which originates from an exceptional bulk wave. The latter is a homogeneous mode with group velocity parallel to the boundary of a medium which satisfies the condition of the mechanically free surface. On the surface coated with a thin layer, the exceptional bulk wave can transform into the leaky wave and then there arises a narrow interval of incident angles where the coefficients of mode conversion suffer abrupt and strong variations in phase and magnitude. A criterion of occurence of the leaky wave is found. Approximate expressions describing the behavior of the coefficients of mode conversion within the resonance interval of incident angles are derived and analyzed.


High-performance engines are highly optimized machines; therefore, any identification of potential improvement requires a detailed study to assess different performance scenarios, working fluids and engine configurations. Simulation tools are among the best ways to study all possible options. In this framework, a validated elastohydrodynamic (EHD) simulation model of the connecting rod journal bearing is used to assess the performance of different lubricant formulations in mixed lubrication scenarios. To simulate a realistic scenario, a finite element analysis (FEA) is performed, where the assembly of connecting rod and shaft supports are modelled with finite element models (FEM) to account for elastic deformations on journal bearings. Furthermore, a set of oil properties is measured and collected to import into GT-Suite commercial software. This set enables us to consider the dependence of variables such as viscosity, density, specific heat transfer, and coefficient of friction on the shear rate, pressure, temperature, and air solution. Moreover, a friction assessment methodology is presented to choose the best lubricating oil for severe working conditions. This test method accounts for several factors: tribology, rheology, wear, and lubrication regime. The results are presented for three ultralow viscosity lubricants and the reference oil from validation. This assessment gives a complete comparison of lubricants performance, where lubrication regime and tribological losses are key factors to select the best candidate.


Leaf mining insects in an old-growth forest along the south central shore of Lake Superior in Michigan are documented. We present the results of a 13-year survey of leaf mining species, larval hosts, seasonal occurrence, and parasitoids, as well as report biological observations. Representative larvae, mines, adults, and parasitoids were preserved. Among the larval host associations, 15 are reported as new. Additionally, 42 parasitoid taxa were identified resulting in six first reports from the New World and 32 new host associations. Two undescribed species (Gelechiidae and Figitidae) discovered through this research were described in earlier publications.


The present study shows that three types of boulder clay may be distinguished in the Netherlands. This may be based on any one of the following sources of information: colour, counting of erratics, grain size analysis, heavy mineral analysis, light mineral analysis, roundness and frosting of the quartz grains and microfossils, that lead to the Same classification. These results are in accordance with the findings of De Ridder and Wiggers (1956), who based themselves on grain size analyses only.


Introduction: Educating pediatricians regarding oral health and early childhood caries can have a great effect on improving their knowledge, attitude & practice. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude & practice of pediatricians regarding oral health and early childhood caries in city of Isfahan.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study that is cross sectional, 80 pediatricians were selected randomly and a questionnaire that reliability and validity of it had been approved, was distributed between participants. Questions separately in terms of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral health and early childhood caries were designed. Finally, after collecting the questionnaires, Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive analysis (mean and standard deviation), Pearson correlation and Independent T-Test with the 0.05 level of significance.
Results: The mean knowledge score was 58.4, the mean attitude score was 79.2 and the mean practice score was 55.5 (from 100). There was a direct significant relationship between pediatricians' knowledge score with attitude (p value < 0.001) and practice (p value < 0.001), in addition there was a direct significant relationship (p value < 0.001) between pediatricians' attitude score and practice score too. There was no significant relationship between knowledge with age (p value = 0.12) but there was a significant relationship between attitude (p value = 0.01) and practice (p value < 0.001) with age. There was also a significant relationship between with knowledge (p value = 0.03), attitude (p value = 0.01) & practice (p value < 0.001).
Conclusion: The mean of pediatricians' knowledge and practice score were average. Since there was a significant relationship between knowledge and practice score, so increase the pediatricians' level of knowledge and improvement the attitude and practice of them in this context is important and developed training programs are necessary for them.