The edited volume Theorizing Digital Cultural Heritage: A Critical Discourse explores the nexus between cultural heritage organizations (especially museums) and emerging digital technologies.The contributors are mainly concerned with how digital technologies have transformed the traditional museum and, in turn, how the museum has appropriated, adapted, incorporated and transformed digital technologies.These questions are approached from both theoretical and practical points of view and the book is intended to serve a broad audience, from professionals and academics to non-specialists and practitioners. In addition, the volume is meant to be critical rather than simply descriptive, to put on the agenda 'the meanings and the implications of the apparent transformations, challenges and possibilities posed by communications technologies' (p. 3). Theorizing Digital Cultural Heritage consists of an introduction and 22 chapters and is divided into three sections: replicants/object morphologies; knowledge systems and management: shifting paradigms and models; and cultural heritage and virtual systems.All of the chapters in the volume constitute substantial and relevant contributions to the study of the field. Thus, while the few chapters singled out below were chosen more or less at random, they represent the breadth of the themes covered. In 'The Materiality of Virtual Technologies',Andrea Witcomb questions the widespread assumption of a radical difference between the virtual and the material world, arguing that multimedia installations that act as installations or objects in their own right open a new affective space which enables the audience and the museum to interact in new non-didactic and open ways. In 'Redefining Digital Art', Beryl Graham formulates some working categories for classifying digital art, concluding that well-known categories such as collecting and archiving are fundamentally challenged by the fluid and dynamic character of digital art. 'Digital Knowledgescapes,' by Fiona Cameron and Helena Robinson, investigates how a museum's documentation and interpretations of its collections can be reconceptualized to form new knowledge models, concluding with the argument that the new digital technologies may radically reform museum practices in general in the future. In 'Engaged Dialogism in Virtual Space', Despande, Geber and Timpson formulate a new theoretical framework (based on appraisal theory and New Media & Society 10(6)


This paper considers nonparametric estimation of autoregressive panel data models with fixed effects. A within-group type series estimator is developed and its convergence rate and asymptotic normality are derived. It is found that the series estimator is asymptotically biased and the bias could reduce the mean-square convergence rate compared with the cross-section cases. A bias corrected nonparametric estimator is developed.


As a result of the studies that have been made for increasing the thermal conductivity of Si3N4, increasing thermal conductivity values have paved the way for the technologic applications such as using the Si3N4 in electronic devices as heatsink and substrate. Two important parameters such as density and grain boundary phase that affect the thermal conductivity of the Si3N4 ceramics are based on the sintering additives and techniques. Exposure time to gas applied in the sintering and cooling cycle after sintering are the critical factors that affect the intergranular phase crystallization. In this study, the effect of Y2O3 doped Si3N4 ceramics and different cooling cycle after gas-pressure sintering to the phase crystallization and thermal diffusivity was researched. The samples were subjected to two different cooling cycles after sintering. The thermal diffusivity value of the sample applied by slow cooling cycle is 17.79 mm2/sec, the sample applied by rapid cooling cycle is 16.2 mm2/sec. As a result of slow cooling cycle, the crystallization has increased but thermal diffusivity has decreased at the rate of ~ 8.94%.


We have developed the large capacity Light Intensity Modulation Direct Over Write (LIMDOW) Magneto Optical (MO)media by adding the Magnetically induced Super Resolution (MSR) function to the conventional LIMDOW. We selected the magneto static coupling Center Aperture Detection (CAD) from the various kinds of MSR because of its good suitability to the conventional LIMDOW. This newly developed CAD-LIMDOW realizes high performance of both MSR and DOW function. The recording density of 2.7Gbit/inch2 has been obtained with sufficient power margin by using a land/groove substrate at the condition of 680nm wavelength LD and NA=0.55. It means that 3.5Gbit/inch2 density is probable by using the optical head with wavelength of 650nm and NA=0.6.


Mobile code technology has become a driving force for recent advances in distributed systems. The concept of the mobility of executable code raises major security problems. In this paper, we deal with the protection of mobile code from possibly malicious hosts. We conceptualize the specific cryptographic problems posed by mobile code, and we are able to provide a solution for some of these problems. We present techniques to achieve "non-interactive evaluation with encrypted functions" in certain cases and give a complete solution for this problem in important instances. We further present a way in which an agent might securely perform a cryptographic primitive-digital signing-in an untrusted execution environment. Our results are based on the use of homomorphic encryption schemes and function composition techniques.


The adsorption of nitrogen has been measured at 78 °K. for three artificial graphites and one carbon black, which have been brominated to saturation and then debrominated by heat-treatment under vacuum or in the presence of an inert gas over a range of temperatures. During the bromine removal, the graphites were heated to a maximum temperature of 1000 °C. and the carbon black to a maximum of 1200 °C. When the graphite of smallest area was brominated it did not return to its original area even after heat-treatment at 1000 °C, whereas the graphite of largest area exceeded its original area when it was brominated and heated at 1000 °C. The surface area of the brominated carbon black was restored to the original value when it was evacuated at 400 °C. After evacuation at 600 °C, the surface area was greater than that of the original carbon black, but fell to a value less than the original area when the sample was evacuated at 1200 °C. These observations are believed to be in accord with the known structures of...


Abstract Reinstatement of the genus Aglaothamnion Feldmann-Mazoyer (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) for species of Callithamnion with only one nucleus in each vegetative cell is proposed. Type material of Callithamnion byssoides Amott ex Harvey in Hooker, C. furcellariae J. Agardh, C. pseudobyssoides P. Crouan et H. Crouan and Ceramium tenuissimum Bonnemaison has been examined. Ceramium tenuissimum is similar to A. pseudobyssoides (P. Crouan et H. Crouan) Halos, but could not be identified with certainty due to a lack of carposporophytic material and an incomplete original description. Further confusion with respect to the epithet tenuissimum has arisen since Callithamnion tenuissimum (Bonnemaison) Kutzing according an exsiccata issued by P. Crouan and H. Crouan, is different to Ceramium tenuissimum. Aglaothamnion pseudobyssoides (P. Crouan et H. Crouan) Halos and A. byssoides (Amott ex Harvey in Hooker) comb. nov. (including A. furcellariae (J. Agardh) Feldmann-Mazoyer) from European coasts are distinctly differ...


A novel 2D-detector has been designed, manufactured and installed on the high voltage cylindrical sector electrostatic analyzer (HV-CSA300/15) of the HAXPES station of SpLine the Spanish CRG beamline at the ESRF. This original 2D-detector constitutes an important improvement of the HAXPES station. A drawback of electrostatic analyzer in HAXPES, is that the electron counter must be raised to high voltages (up to 15 kV). Hence the development of a 2D detector system compatible with a high voltage electrostatic analyzer is a scientific instrumentation challenge. The developed two-dimensional event-counting detector consists of a 2D image intensifier (combination of scintillating screen and MCP) optically coupled with a CMOS-camera and a data processing system. The accumulated event image is transferred to the image processing software on the PC, where the events are classified by their position to give single detector readout. The energy window accepted by the area detector ranges from 100 meV to 50 eV, depending on the analyzer pass energy. Hence, for single shot measurements, i.e, without sweeping the pre-retarding lens voltages up to 200 detector channels can be used compared to a single channel. This results in a gain of the analyser transmission of at least a factor of 20. Thus we overcome the limitations imposed by the low count rate when dealing with high excitation energies and high kinetic-energy electrons.


This thesis examines the work of the Irish Centre for Talented Youth (CTYI) over a two year period between the years 1994-1996. It evaluates the means by which CTYI identify academically talented 12-16 year olds and explores the rigorous and challenging coursework that it provides for the highly able student. The research is both quantitative and qualitative in focus, assessing how students, instructors and other key programme personnel view the CTYI experience. The Centre offers fast paced enrichment courses during the Summer and on Saturday mornings throughout the year. Participants on these courses are assessed in terms of both academic and social satisfaction. Comparative analysis between students who took part in a CTYI programme and those enrolled in secondary schools is conducted using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, a self review personality measure representing behavioural preferences and preferred self-descriptive adjectives. The thesis concludes with the current status of education for the academically talented in Ireland with recommendations for future practice.


Electron—electron repulsion energies C and electron—nuclear attraction energies L are computed from the nonrelativistic total energies E for isoelectronic series of two‐, three‐, and four‐electron atoms in their lower electronic states. A limited variational approach to atomic structure is then described which uses in effect rescaled eigenfunctions (for two or more electron systems) as a basis; the ``empirical'' C and L obtained in the first part are employed in these calculations. Use of the eigenfunction for an atom with nucleus of charge Z+1 to predict the energy of an isoelectronic system with nucleus of charge Z yields results which are in error by about 0.3 to 0.7 eV for two‐ to four‐electron atoms, respectively. A semiempirical correction scheme of this approach gives results which are in error by 0.01 to 0.1 eV, respectively. Energies for some states of H, He, and Li negative ions are predicted.


During the certification of new aircraft,noise certification is a very important process.The lateral noise lever is hard to decide during the process of noise certification.Based on the difficulty,I study out a method of calculating the maximum lateral noise lever based on the function of EPNL and the flight altitude.So it can provide the effective method of noise certification.


Abstract
Perhaps the singular, most important impediment to universal recognition of chiropractic as a legitimate and mature health care alternative is the absence of a developed mechanical knowledge of chiropractic techniques. The purpose of this review paper was to describe, and to some extent critique, some recent research pertaining to mechanics of the lumbar spine and to illustrate the relevance to clinical chiropractic. Specific contentious issues addressed include discussion of the mechanical relationship of intra-abdominal pressure, the lumbodorsal fascia, muscle-ligament interplay and the abdominal musculature with the lumbar spine. Directions or future research are proposed given the pressing need to provide a rationale for, and explanation of, specific chiropractic treatment.


Chili (Capsinum annum) is a horticultural plant that is useful as a spice in the kitchen, besides containing vitamins that are good for health. This study aimed as an effort to make jengkol skin agricultural waste useful by adding chicken manure organic fertilizer at different doses with the potential to increase growth and yield of chili plants on acidic dry land. The field experiment was conducted on the land of the Food Crops Agriculture Office, Gandus District, Palembang from March to May 2022. Randomized factorial group experimental design with 2 factors, namely the first factor: the dose of Jengkol Peel Biochar fertilizer (B) consisting of: B1 = 5 tons/ha, B2 =15 tons/ha, B3=25 tons/ha. The second factor: the dose of chicken manure (K) consists of: K0 = 0 (without fertilizer chicken manure), K1 = 10 tons/ha, K2 = 20 tons/ha, K3 = 30 tons/ha. Growth and yield were observed by measuring plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), number of productive branches (branches), chili weight per plant (g), chili weight per plot (g). The best trial was obtained in the combination treatment dose of 15 tons/ha of jengkol peel biochar fertilizer and 30 tons/ha of chicken manure, which was the best treatment for the growth and production of chilies, with a yield per plot of 343.5 g/plant or equivalent to 10.99 tons/ha.


A method for producing MRI T1 contrasting agent comprising manganese tetroxide is provided to mass-produce plate-like and spherical manganese tetroxide nanoparticles with a size of 6nm - 20nm. A method for producing MRI T1 contrasting agent comprising manganese tetroxide comprises a step of adding one selected from the group consisting of water, hydrogen peroxide, the aqueous solution of the hydrogen peroxide, C1-C4 alcohol and the aqueous solution of the C1-C4 alcohol to a mixture of manganese precursor, surfactant and organic solvent. The manganese precursor is selected from the group consisting of manganese(II) acetate, manganese acetate hydrate, manganese(II) acetylacetonate, manganese(II) bromide, manganese(II) carbonatehydrate, manganese(II) chloride, manganese(II)chloride hydrate, manganese(II) fluoride, manganese(II)iodide, manganese(II) nitrate hydrate and manganese(II) sulfate.


Background. There are increasing reports of serious complications and deaths associated with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Bleeding may occur when NPWT is applied to a wound with exposed blood vessels. Inserting a rigid disc in the wound may protect these structures. The authors examined the effects of rigid discs on wound bed tissue pressure and blood flow through a large blood vessel in the wound bed during NPWT. Methods. Wounds were created over the femoral artery in the groin of 8 pigs. Rigid discs were inserted. Wound bed pressures and arterial blood flow were measured during NPWT. Results. Pressure transduction to the wound bed was similar for control wounds and wounds with discs. Blood flow through the femoral artery decreased in control wounds. When a disc was inserted, the blood flow was restored. Conclusions. NPWT causes hypoperfusion in the wound bed tissue, presumably as a result of mechanical deformation. The insertion of a rigid barrier alleviates this effect and restores blood flow.


By analogy to the concept of "Wind Ventilation Lane" used in urban heat island studies, the present paper proposes a new approach to reduce flood damage in urban areas, which is hereafter referred to as "Water Pathway". The basic idea is to take advantage of the urban flooding characteristics that flood water tends to concentrate in roads and thus to channel flood water to designated areas where flood damage could be minimized or controlled.For feasibility study, a hybrid model is constructed, which combines a 2-D inundation model with a 1-D model for "Water Pathway". The application to the Sanjo city flooding, which occurred last summer, shows clearly that the water pathway approach is promising. Besides, we propose that PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) should be dealt with as an important factor in flood damage reduction planning.


AbstractSteel plate shear walls (SPSW) are an efficient but largely underutilized building lateral force resisting system. The system consists of a moment frame (the boundary frame) with slender steel web plates that are welded or bolted inside the boundary frame, forming a diaphragm. The resulting structure resembles a vertical plate girder. The system resists lateral load primarily through tension field action of the postbuckled web plate. The magnitude and orientation of this tension field is governed by the relative stiffness of the web plate and boundary frame. The 2010 Seismic Provisions currently require that the tension field inclination angle be either 40° or computed using a closed-form equation derived from elastic analysis. It is demonstrated through experimentation and finite-element analyses that the tension field inclination may migrate, from an initially low angle under an elastic postbuckled state, toward 45° as the plate is loaded plastically. The resulting flexural demand on the vertica...


Estimating causal effects is a principal
goal in epidemiology and other branches of science. Nonetheless, what
constitutes an effect and which measure of effect is pre-ferred are unsettled
questions. I argue that, under indeterminism, an effect is a change in the
tendency of the outcome variable to take each of its values, and then present a
critical analysis of commonly used measures of effect and the measures of
frequency from which they are calculated. I conclude that all causal effects
should be quantified using a unifying measure of effect called the log
likelihood ratio (which is the log probability ratio when the outcome is a
discrete variable). Furthermore, I suggest that effects should be estimated for
all causal contrasts of the causal variable (i.e., expo-sure), on all values of
the outcome variable, and for all time intervals between the cause and the
outcome. This goal should be kept in mind in practical approximations.


In addition to earlier notes on Mediterranean-Lusitanian Parvicardium species, P carrozzai spec, nov. is described, and the synonymy of P minimum, in particular the status of Cardium perrieri, is discussed.


FIELD: transport. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft engineering, namely, to turbojet aircraft nacelle. Nacelle 1 comprises air intake section 4 to direct airflow to turbojet fan that has lengthwise outer panel 40 integrated with inlet edge 4a. Besides, nacelle comprises central section 5 arranged around turbojet fan. Air intake section 4 is attached to central section to ensure aerodynamic integrity. Also, nacelle has inner panel 41 with sound-absorbing shell 53. Inner panel downstream end is attached to upstream end of central section 5. Besides nacelle incorporates guides 15 to guide outer panel or panels 40 to allow its/their reciprocation relative to nacelle upstream end. Note here that said guides 15 are arranged solely at central section 5. EFFECT: simplified servicing, better noise absorption. 17 cl, 15 dwg


Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium Risk Assessment during the Production of Marinated Beef Inside Skirts and Tri-tip Roasts. (August 2009) Tiffany Marie Muras, B.A., Southern Methodist University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Jeffrey W. Savell Dr. Kerri B. Harris This study was conducted to determine the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in marinade that was used to vacuum tumble beef inside skirts and beef tri-tip roasts. The depth of penetration of each microorganism into the individual meat products, and the survival of these microorganisms in the products as well as marinade stored over time were evaluated. Two commercial marinades were used, Reo TAMU Fajita Marinade and Legg's Cajun Style Marinade. Eighteen beef inside skirts and 18 tri-tips were used during this study. Both inside skirts and tri-tips were vacuum tumbled for a total of 1 h. Samples of products were tested immediately following tumbling (day 0), or were vacuum packaged and stored in the cooler (approximately 2 ̊C) to be tested 7 and 14 days following tumbling. Samples of the spent marinade were taken and tested initially following tumbling (day 0), and were also stored in a cooler and tested 3 and 7 days after the marinade was used. The results of the study showed that with both marinades S. Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 penetrated throughout the skirt meat. After having been stored for 7 days following tumbling, the log value of both S. Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 decreased in the meat. After 14


An atomic structure of the Caenorhabditis elegans innexin-6 gap junction channel has recently been determined using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. This review summarizes progress toward determining the innexin-6 gap junction channel structure and essential tips for preparing cryo-electron microscopy samples for high-resolution structural analysis of an innexin gap junction channel.


This paper presents an integrated computer-based analysis and an optimal design method for the performance-based design of tall buildings under various levels of wind hazards. Performance-based wind engineering design framework for tall buildings has been proposed by considering three performance levels, i.e., life safety, damage reduction, habitability and operation under exposure to extreme wind events. The design wind speeds corresponding to multi-level wind hazards can be statistically estimated using meteorological wind speed data. Based on random vibration theory, the wind-induced responses of a tall building can be analyzed and formulated in the frequency domain for wind-induced performance assessment. A rigorously derived Optimality Criteria (OC) method is to be developed for achieving the optimal structural design solution of a tall building satisfying multiple wind-resistant performance constraints, i.e., the element strength, the system drift and acceleration design constraints. The effectiveness and practicality of the optimal performance-based design technique are illustrated by a 40-storey residential building with complex 3D mode shapes. Results have shown that the automated design optimization technique provides a powerful tool for multi-level performance-based design of wind sensitive tall building structures.


While role mining algorithms have been proposed in recent years, but there still lacks a more comprehensive study to compare and analyze these algorithms. These role mining algorithms have been evaluated when they were proposed, but different datasets and evaluation criteria have been used in the evaluation. In this paper, we use a comprehensive evaluation framework to compare these role mining algorithms. We use real datasets to compare six algorithms from several aspects such as weighted structural comp-lexity(WSC), number of generated roles and operating efficiency. Our results illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms.


The exact average bit error ratio (BER) of the rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation is studied in the context of asynchronous co-channel interference (CCI) and Nakagami-m fading. A new formula is derived for the characteristic function of the CCI, which requires no knowledge of the CCI distribution.


Elementary excitations of incompressible quantum liquids ~IQL's ! are anyons, i.e., quasiparticles carrying fractional charges and obeying fractional statistics. To find out how the properties of these exotic quasiparticles manifest themselves in the optical spectra, we have developed the anyon-exciton model ~AEM! and compared the results with the finite-size data for excitons of n51/3 and n52/3 IQL's. The model considers an exciton as a neutral composite consisting of three quasielectrons and a single hole. The AEM works well when the separation between electron and hole confinement planes, h, obeys the condition h*2l, where l is the magnetic length. In the framework of the AEM an exciton possesses momentum k and two internal quantum numbers, one of which can be chosen as the angular momentum L of the k50 state. Charge fractionalization manifests itself in striking differences between the properties of anyon excitons and ordinary magnetoexcitons. The existence of the internal degrees of freedom results in the multiple-branch energy spectrum, craterlike electron density shape, and 120° density correlations for k50 excitons, and the splitting of the electron shell into bunches for kfi0 excitons. For h*2l the bottom states obey the superselection rule L53m, where m>2 are integers, and all of them are hard-core states. For h'2l there is one-to-one correspondence between the low-energy spectra found for the AEM and the many-electron exciton spectra of the n52/3 IQL, whereas some states are absent from the many-electron spectra of the n51/3 IQL. We argue that this striking difference in the spectra originates from the different populational statistics of the quasielectrons of charge conjugate IQL's and show that the proper account of the statistical requirements eliminates excessive states from the spectrum. Apparently, this phenomenon is the first manifestation of the exclusion statistics in the anyon bound states. @S0163-1829~96!07643-6#


Using Point-by-Point method,long period fiber gratings were inscribed in the high temperature resistant fiber by an infrared femtosecond laser.Characteristics of the high temperature resistant fiber was analyzed theoretically.The experiment with long period fiber gratings contained high temperature resistant coating layer indicates that the shift of resonant peak at the temperature range from 20 ℃~300 ℃ keeps a good linearity and the temperature sensitivity is 0.060 5 nm/℃.The coating of the long period fiber gratings is not carbonized due to the existence of the high temperature resistant polyimide materials and grating sensor with good performance.The result shows that the high temperature resistant long period fiber gratings can be used in the high temperature environment for long term application.


The study focused on the management control of sustainability related to transportation in historic centers, given its influence on the social development of these areas. The primary purpose was to establish a system of indicators to monitor transportation sustainability in such centers. Techniques such as literature review, surveys, direct observation, expert consultations, and brainstorming were employed to achieve this. Various thematic models were analyzed, supported by software tools such as Microsoft Office Excel 2010, Microsoft Office Visio 2010, and EndNote X7. As a result of this research, twenty indicators were identified, meticulously described, and categorized under three sustainability perspectives: social, economic, and environmental. These indicators, derived from strategic objectives, are essential to assess the effects of transportation in historic centers and to facilitate prompt interventions that mitigate negative impacts, thereby improving the quality of life and urban sustainability


Increasingly, prediabetes has been regarded as a cause of peripheral neuropathy. However, in a recent Mayo Clinic study, prevalence of polyneuropathy


Publicity given to the detrimental effects of minIng activities on the environment hal;! tended to overshadow somewhat the hydrologic opportunities and benefits that could be associated with these activities. For example, many areas disturbed by surface mIning have proved to be excellent recharge areas for groundwater aquifers. The degree to which mine sites can be exploited to improve management of the hydrologic system depends on both the local geology and the mining techniques used. The report examines the effects of present mining activities on the associated hydrologic system, and identifies specifio mining procedures and management techniques which not only minimize negative hydrologic impacts of mining operations, but which also enhance the value of the hydrologic system in terms of existing and potential social uses. Thus, the results of the reseat:ch contr,ibute to the solut ion of present and future hydrologic p'foblems (both ,quantity and quality) associated ,with coal mining in the western U.S. Emphasis is placed on sites which are representative of' both existing and future coal mining areas. The specific objectives of the study are to: 1. Evaluate the potential for using underground coal mines to: a. Tap previously inaccessible groundwater supplies. b. Reduce the salt load to the Colorado River by decreasing the contact of groundwater with salt-bearing geologic formations. c. Store water in abandoned mines. 2. Consider the potential effects of underground coal mines on water resources. 3. Evaluate the potential of using surface mined areas to collect surface runoff and thus: a. Reduce the sediment loads to the Colorado River, b. Enhance water storage in the basin. Each of the preceding objectives is addressed and discussed by the report in terms of actual coal mines in central Utah. The study suggests not only ways of reducing negative hydrologic impacts of mining operations, but also operational and management mining techniques which will enhance the social use value of the hydrologic systems, and thus, in fact, create hydrologic opportunities.


This work deals with an interdisciplinary object, in which we refer language issues and socio-historical linked to Portuguese Paulista in Sao Paulo early twentieth century. We perform the description and analysis of sentential constituent order in two schools of the capital, in addition to the analysis of institutions and their subjects, as well as its place in the history of the city, seeking to understand them in the dynamics of São Paulo of the early century. The linguistic focus considers the positions of subject and clitic. The corpus is composed of texts written by teachers, principals and secretaries of the Normal School (mostly female) and the Capital Gymnasium (exclusively male), important institutions for their role in the dynamics of social reorganization and politics in a highly heterogeneous society in which tensions had repercussions in various forms of discrimination in all aspects of local culture, including the language. In order to understand our object, we work with linguistic data and materials that could bring to present some of the reality of the time and to recover their views. For this, we analyze educational magazines, books, grammars, speeches and other sources. The perspective adopted is interdisciplinary, and aimed to enable an analysis of the inserted language use in social relations, taking on assumptions of sociolinguistics, sociology, anthropology and history, aiming at the integrated understanding of the phenomenon.


Homophone orthography problems form the hard core of spelling difficulties in any language with an alphabetic writing system. For that reason they constitute most interesting material for experiments exploring individual differences in the use of spelling strategies. A total of 253 subjects participated in an experiment with a notoriously difficult homophone problem: the orthography of weak prefix verbs in Dutch. The characteristic difficulty of this category of verbs is that, contrary to the general rule, the present tense singular and past participle have an identical pronunciation (both sounding with final [t]), whereas in spelling the present tense takes -t and the past participle -d. Weak prefix verbs mutually differ in whether they are more frequent in the -t form (present) or in the -d form (past participle). In a Cloze-type task, subjects were asked to supply endings for these verbs, with relative frequency of the two forms being manipulated. The other factor manipulated was the extent to which the grammatical context was helpful in making it apparent which ending was required. Although the effect of both factors was established, it appeared that the impact of frequency is predominant. No interaction between factors was found. In the discussion the results are evaluated and possible links to research in the Anglo-Saxon language area are indicated.


Synthetic barium fluoride single crystals have been indented and the rosettes revealed by etching around the indentation have been studied. The rosette arms which consist of rows of pits are made up of two triangular patterns, oriented opposite to each other and superposed. By alternately polishing and re-etching the same surface, it is observed that the size of the triangular patterns forming the rosette, and the density of pits in the rosette arms, change. It is conjectured that the pits in the rosette arms are formed at the emergence of dislocation half loops. The change in the sizes of the two triangular patterns with the corresponding thickness polished, have been measured. The calculated inclination of the plane in which the dislocation half loops lie with the (111) surface of observation comes out to be approximately 70°. It may, therefore, be conjectured that the dislocation half loops lie in {111} cleavage planes. The implications are discussed.


We identify the intermediate space of a complex interpolation family -in the sense of Coifman, Cwikel, Rochberg, Sagher and Weiss- of Lp spaces with change of measure, for the complex interpolation method associated to any analytic functional.


Knowledge of the physiological properties of tree species is one of the basic requirements in determining the prescription silvicultural treatment of stands in nature. This study aims to analyze the physiological characteristics of the species of ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh), as one of the potential endemic species of Sulawesi, based on leaf position in the crown and differences in altitude. Leaf sampling locations were in the Hasanuddin University Educational Forest (507 m asl) and Makassar city (16 m asl). The research variables consist of number of stomata, size of stomata, leaf stomata index, and leaf chlorophyll content. The results show that the physiological characteristics of the leaves were influenced by their position in the tree crown and differences in altitude. The highest number of stomata was found in the leaves exposed to the sunlights with 52.900 stomata/mm2 compared to 29.800 stomata/mm2 in shaded leaves. Likewise, the highest chlorophyll content was found in leaves exposed to the sunlights of 0.043 mg/L and shaded leaves of 0.034 mg/L. The difference occurs based on differences in altitude as well. The number of stomata in the lower area was 35.733 stomata/mm2, while in the high area was 42.667 stomata/mm2. The chlorophyll content in the low area was 0.038 mg/L and in the high area it was 0.037 mg/L. The higher a place, the more the number of stomata, this is inversely proportional to the size of the stomata and the stomata index, while the number of chlorophylls is not significantly different.


This article presents aspects concerning use of Wireless Sensor Networks in distributed strain measurement systems based on TULCOEMPA project . Benefits and possible areas of application are being presented. Concerns regarding specific project requirements are emphasized. Followed chapter discusses usage of electrical strain gages, both their assets and shortcomings, required structure of ADC circuit is being presented. Next section discusses aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks in context of the analyzed application area with two communication standards reviewed. Finally, proposed system structure with early stage prototype are being presented.


In this introduction to the special issue, I will first briefly summarise past research on orthographic processing, describing some of the central areas of empirical investigation and the major theories guiding that work. Next, I will describe the more recent lines of empirical and theoretical research that have emerged over the last decade or so, and that serve as the focus of the current special issue. I will attempt to summarise the key evidence that has emerged from this research, and examine how this evidence can guide model selection. Finally, I will discuss some possible avenues for future research on orthographic processing in the hope of finally 'cracking the orthographic code'.


The purpose of this study is to estimate and analyse the relationship between efficiency of bank industry and macroeconomic variables. We employ Johansen's multivariate cointegration methodology, since the model must be stationary to avoid the spurious results. The empirical results show that our model is stationary as well as mean-reverting. This paper also applies impulse-response functions to get additional information regarding the responses of the bank spread to the shocks economic variables such as long and short term interest rates differential, banking organ liquidity, business cycle index, and foreigner's net equity investment. The results indicate that while the bank spread respond positively to liquidity and equity investment shocks and then decay very quickly.


Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, autoimmune disease which can affect the blood vessels, the visceral organs, and the skin. SSc, most commonly, develops between the ages of 30 and 50, but it can be seen at any age. In terms of skin involvement, SSc can be classified as limited or diffuse. Its etiopathogenesis is still unclear. Microvascular dysfunction is thought to be followed by immunological activation, collagen and extracellular matrix deposition, and finally fibrosis. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation. Sclerosis of the metacarpophalangeal and/or metatarsophalangeal joints is the major diagnostic criterion, whereas sclerodactylia, digital ulcers (DU), and pulmonary fibrosis are the minor criteria. SSc is diagnosed with one major criterion or two minor criteria. Detection of autoantibodies can help the diagnosis. Antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-centromere antibody, anti-scl 70, RNA polymerase 1 and 3, and anti-fibrillin antibody can be found positive in SSc. SSc must be differentiated from all sclerosing diseases and the diseases with Raynaud's phenomenon. Visceral diseases, such as primary pulmonary hypertension, primary biliary cirrhosis, and infiltrative cardiomyopathy, should also be considered in its differential diagnosis. The main treatment goal is to target visceral involvement.


Understanding solvation interactions is a key problem for many industrial fields: from pharmaceutical to material sciences. From a quantum mechanical viewpoint, two main difficulties arise: firstly, solvation takes place through weak interactions (hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions), which are inherently difficult to describe. Secondly, solvation properties are dynamic in nature, which means a proper statistical averaging is required to reproduce experimental properties. In this contribution, we dwell on the analysis of solute–solvent interactions by means of the averaged-NCI index, derived from an MD averaged picture of the electron density in the system. Firstly, we show how the approach enables to distinguish static vs labile and strong vs weak hydrogen bonds. Then, by means of this approach we are able to characterize the fact that the strength of hydrogen bonds with water solvent remains similar upon branching for aliphatic alcohols. On the contrary large differences have been observed between aliphatic alcohols and phenol derivatives. This statistical analysis of interactions is expected to be useful in the derivation of microscopic parameters for solute/solvent interactions.


Based on the analysis of hydrodynamics and flexible deformation for submerged vegetation in a river, the formula of roughness coefficient of river is vegetated derived, the additional value of roughness coefficient is further obtained by experimental data and theoretical analysis, the effect of submerged vegetation on the flow in open channel could be estimated and further evaluated.


Neuroglobin(NGB), a globin recently identified in the nervous system, is a monomer similar to myoglobin with a high oxygen affinity. In order to study the expression, sub cellular distribution and the function of NGB protein, the coding region of rat neuroglobin(NGB) gene was successfully sub cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX 4T 2. The vector was then introduced into E. coli BL21(DE3) cells for highly efficient expression. A GST fusion protein of 41 kD was detected in the inclusion body. After refolded and purified, this protein was used to immunize rabbits to produce polyclonal antibodies. The specificity of the anti NGB antibody was successfully proved by Western blotting analysis on both of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic expressed products of NGB protein. Moreover, the NGB immunoreactive cells were found to be widely distributed in adult rat brain including cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, etc. All of the results demonstrated that the polyclonal antibody for NGB in this study could be further used for analyzing the function of NGB protein.


The anticoagulative principle in Moutan Cortex, which is one of the most important herbs and is used particularly for the treatment of Oketsu "stagnant blood" in traditional Chinese medicine, was investigated. Plasma recalcification time in mice was used for the bioassay. By following the anticoagulative activities, paeonol (2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone) was isolated as a major active principle in the herb.


Lesions of nevus of Ota have historically been a difficult problem to treat, but lasers have shown positive results. Through selective photothermolysis, the advent of Q-switched (QS) lasers with pulse durations as short as 10 nanoseconds (ns) allowed precise targeting of the melanosomes with reduced collateral damage. The 10-ns pulse duration of theQS lasers is much shorter than the 50to 250-ns thermal relaxation times of the 500to 1,000-nm diameter dermal melanosomes. However, many patients plateau before their desired end point, and that end point requires a large number of treatments.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to use deep learning to screen for hypertension and diabetes based on retinal fundus images. Methods: We collected 1160 retinal photographs which included 580 from patients with a diagnosis of hypertension or diabetes and 580 from normotensive and non-diabetic control. We divided this image dataset into (i) a development dataset to develop model and (ii) test dataset which were not present during the training process to assess model's performance. A binary classification model was trained by fine-tuning the classifier and the last convolution layer of deep residual network. Precision, recall, the area under the ROC (AUC), and the area under the Precision-Recall curve (AUPR) were used to evaluate the performance of the learned model. Results: When we used 3-channel color retinal photographs to train and test model, its prediction precision for diabetes or hypertension was 65.3%, the recall was 82.5%, the AUC was 0.745, and the AUPR was 0.742. When we used grayscale retinal photographs to train and test model, its prediction precision was 70.0%, the recall was 87.5%, the AUC was 0.803, and the AUPR was 0.779. Conclusions: Our study shows that trained deep learning model based on the retinal fundus photographs alone can be used to screen for diabetes and hypertension, although its current performance was not ideal.


2. The main characteristics of this disease are as follows. The onset occurs during early infancy with fever and skin infections manifested as boils and phlegmons. There is a complete or almost complete lack of granulocytes in the peripheral blood. The preparations from bone marrow biopsy or autopsy display a marked retardation or block in the maturation of the myelopoietic cells. Without treatment, the disease runs a short course with lethal outcome. If the infections are treated with antibiotics, the affected children may survive for several months or even years. However, the agranulocytosis and the pathologic changes of the bone marrow remain, and the lethal outcome can only be postponed.


Simple Summary CXC chemokines are small molecules and secretory peptides, which are significantly associated with cancer progression. Aberrant expression of CXC chemokines is always observed in cancer patients. An increasing number of studies have reported that CXC chemokines play essential roles in tumor angiogenesis, tumor-promoting inflammation, and metastasis, which favor cancer promotion. The expression level of CXC chemokines is closely associated with the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of cancer. The specific roles of CXC chemokines and corresponding signaling pathways in cancer progression are summarized in this review. Furthermore, we have discussed the potential application of CXC chemokines for cancer targeted therapy and personalized treatment. Abstract CXC chemokines are small chemotactic and secreted cytokines. Studies have shown that CXC chemokines are dysregulated in multiple types of cancer and are closely correlated with tumor progression. The CXC chemokine family has a dual function in tumor development, either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive depending on the context of cellular signaling. Recent evidence highlights the pro-tumorigenic properties of CXC chemokines in most human cancers. CXC chemokines were found to play pivotal roles in promoting angiogenesis, stimulating inflammatory responses, and facilitating tumor metastases. Enhanced expression of CXC chemokines is always signatured with inferior survival and prognosis. The levels of CXC chemokines in cancer patients are in dynamic change according to the tumor contexts (e.g., chemotherapy resistance and tumor recurrence after surgery). Thus, CXC chemokines have great potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of CXC chemokines on tumor inflammation and metastasis remain unclear and application of antagonists and neutralizing antibodies of CXC chemokines signaling for cancer therapy is still not fully established. This article will review the roles of CXC chemokines in promoting tumorigenesis and progression and address the future research directions of CXC chemokines for cancer treatment.


Attendance is an essential reference for the quality of human resources, including those who will carry out an activity, such as employees and supervisors. In carrying out these attendance activities, some still use it manually, such as recording in a detailed book, and its storage is still classified as conventional. Therefore, an employee attendance system that can record and manage data easily can be done quickly, efficiently, and accurately. This paper aims to analyze and design an employee RFID attendance information system using the ICONIX Process method. This RFID system is made using an RFID E-KTP supported by a database, where the RFID E-KTP is very easy to use. The results of this study are the analysis and design of an information system for implementing an employee attendance system based on RFID technology. The scope of information includes records of arrival times and return times. The results of the analysis and research design can be implemented properly in accordance with the proposed business process and can be a recommendation for various business actors to record employee attendance activities using RFID on the E-KTP.


To solve heavy exhaust noise of a diesel engine,bench experiments on independently measuring exhaust noise were designed and carried out.Combining with the measured frequency spectrum of exhaust noise and numerical simulation of muffler,the performance deficiencies of muffler were analyzed,which shows relatively lack of acoustic attenuation performance in middle-high frequency range.Dcreasing the diameter of perforated hole and perforated structure,increasing resonant cavity,designing ideal expanding cavity,and comprehensive consideration of acoustics and fluid performance for muffler,the performance of the mufflers is improved.Test shows that the amount of insertion loss of improved muffler is 10,dB higher than the original one.


The low-temperature steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and the PL kinetics of the type II (100)- and (311)A-oriented GaAs/AlAs superlattices (SLs) in the electric field were studied to define the parameters of the heterointerfaces relief in the (311)A-SLs. The electric field leads to the isotropic reduction in the PL intensity and acceleration of the PL kinetics of the (100)-SL, whereas these effects in the (311)A-SL are anisotropic. These electric field effects in the steady-state PL and the PL kinetics of the (100)- and (311)A-SLs are caused by the transfer and capture of the carriers at the nonradiative recombination centers. These carriers are originally localized in the wide quantum wells which appear due to the heterointerface roughness. According to the data obtained the lateral sizes of the microcavities in the [01] directions both in the direct and invert faceted heterointerfaces of the (311)A-SL exceed 3.2 nm and the modulation of the AlAs layer width is 0.8–1.2 nm. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The present study adds to the evolving literature on green consumer behavior by examining through statistically robust methods the effect and interrelationships of the key constructs of environmental concern, consumer environmental knowledge, beliefs about biofuels, and behavioral intention (i.e., willingness to use and pay) in the context of biofuels. Data were collected through a survey of 1695 respondents. Hypotheses are based on a literature review and a pilot study, and the conceptual structural model developed is tested through structural equation modeling. Results show that concern for the environment has a positive and direct impact on environmental knowledge, beliefs, and behavioral intention. Also, demographics determine levels of concern for the environment and environmental knowledge. All constructs associate positively with one another delineating that the interdependencies between them are important when accounting for environmental behavior. Future research should validate present results with the use of cross-cultural samples and investigate whether environmental concern increases due to social desirability response bias.


This paper describes the results of an experimental study of guided ultrasonic wave interaction with damage in an alpine ski. The ski is chosen to act as a surrogate for built-up composite structures commonly used in aerospace and many other engineering applications. The study begins by characterizing the optimal actuation signal to generate observable guided wave signals in sensors located along the ski. Using this frequency, the experiment continues by determining the effect of through-thickness hole damage. The damage is located between the sensors to allow for both pitch-catch and pulse-echo approaches to be considered. Data were collected for various hole diameters to determine the sensors' ability to detect worsening damage in the ski. Interestingly, results showed the damage difference signals collected by comparing damaged and pristine cases actually decreased in value as the diameter of the hole increased. These results indicate further study is required to fully understand how the lateral boundaries of the structure affect the signals obtained from damaged configurations.


The effect of pectic acids on deposition of pitch extracted from thermomechanical pulp (TMP) and the deposition mechanisms in the presence of Ca-ions was investigated. A deposition tester with steel collector surfaces was applied to quantify the amount of deposits. The effect of pH on deposition was also studied. Model pectic acids with different molar masses (8,000 and 12,000 Da) prepared from a commercial pectin, and pectic acids in water from bleached TMP were tested. Destabilization and aggregation of colloidal pitch resulted in its accumulation on the surface and also in deposition. Addition of peroxide-bleached TMP water, rich in pectic acids, to a pitch dispersion in the presence of calcium caused an extensive aggregation. Addition of model pectic acids inhibited the aggregation to some extent. The effect was stronger with pectic acids of 12,000 Da. The deposition tendency of pitch was decreased to some extent by both TMP pectic acids and model pectic acids. The deposition was inhibited more efficiently at pH 8 than at pH 5, probably due to higher surface charge of the pitch droplets, leading to increased adsorption of pectic acid aggregates onto pitch droplets.


The current review describes the most relevant aspects of the book Conceptions and practices on orality in secondary education in Colombia, published in 2014 in Bogotá, Colombia, and authored by Yolima Gutiérrez Ríos. This work shows the Spanish language teachers' disciplinary and didactic conceptions about the teaching of oral language as a fundamental practice for the enhancement of the students' communicative and discursive competences. The review presents the structure of the book, the methodological bases of the research, the field of knowledge of study and ends with some conclusions raised by the author.


LACKNEY, V. K. (Dept. Biology, Univ. Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325). The parasitism of Pedicularis lanceolata Michx., a root hemiparasite. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 108: 422-429. 1981.-Upon germination, seedlings of the swamp lousewort, Pedicularis lanceolata Michx., require hosts for continued development. Without hosts seedlings are stunted and chlorotic, whereas seedlings planted with clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as hosts were tall with expanded green leaves. In sterile culture, seedlings on a mineral nutrient medium with a low pH had growth similar to seedlings attached to hosts. At a higher pH or when the medium was supplemented with sucrose, fructose, glucose, casein hydrolysate, glutamine, kinetin, gibberellic acid or indoleacetic acid growth was stunted. It is therefore probable that P. lanceolata relies on a host for an increased supply of water and minerals with little reliance on a host for organic compounds.


English Edition No.9 Fuel cells are electrochemical energy conversion devices and are attracting much attention because of its high-energy conversion efficiency and low environmental impact. Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC), among them, is expected to be a huge technology in the near future, but there remain some issues to be solved before it finds widespread use. In this paper, while giving an overview PEFC technology, the issues to be solved will be discussed.


We propose three equivalent domain-theoretic semantics for dis-junctive logic programs in the style of Gelfond and Lifschitz. These are (i) a resolution-style inference semantics; (ii) a model-theoretic semantics; and (iii) a (nondeterministic) state-transition semantics. We show how these three semantics generalize \for free" to disjunctive logic programming over any Scott domain. We also relate these semantics to default logic, showing how Zhang-Rounds power-default reasoning is isomorphic to clausal default logic, and nally by brieey mentioning stable-model semantics in Scott domains. The main technical tool used is the Smyth powerdomain, a way to specify deno-tational semantics of nondeterminism. To make this tool work, we give a representation theorem for the Smyth powerdomain as a domain of clausal theories over a Scott domain. 1. Introduction Gelfond and Lifschitz, in GL91], introduced a class of disjunctive logic programs incorporating what they called \classical negation", and also incorporating negation as failure. They provided \answer set semantics" for nondisjunctive programs without negation as failure, and also provided a stable model semantics for the \extended disjunctive database" case, where heads could be disjunctive, and the two kinds of negation were present. In this paper we focus on Gelfond-Lifschitz programs with disjunctive heads and \classical" negation, but without negation as failure, which we call simply GL programs. We propose { using Scott's domain theory { a resolution-style semantics for GL programs which bears the same kind of relation to extended disjunctive logic programs as SLD resolution bears to SLDNF resolution in the non-disjunctive case. (For disjunctive logic programs with positive atoms only, such a project is undertaken in SMR97], though the focus there is not on domain theory.) Our reason for doing this is to provide a mathematicalfoundation, based on the extensive research on domain-theoretic semantics of programming languages, for GL-style disjunctive logic programs, and thereby to establish a basis on which to ground the many proposals for extended versions of disjunctive logic programming semantics which have been introduced in the past few years. We actually provide three equivalent semantics for GL programs: (i) a semantics using resolution-style inference; (ii) a model-theoretic semantics, and | the main new result in this paper | (iii) an operational semantics based on nondeterministic state transitions. This shows that GL programs already have a rich mathematical theory, and that further generalizations and augmentations of these programs will likely not have an ad hoc character. We substantiate this claim by showing how …


This paper presents a system that simulates the emergence of realistic vowel systems in a population of agents that try to imitate each other as well as possible. The agents start with no knowledge of the sound system at all. Although none of the agents has a global view of the language, and none of the agents does explicit optimization, a coherent vowel system emerges that happens to be optimal for acoustic distinctiveness.

The results presented here fit in and confirm the theory of Luc Steels [Steels 1995, 1997, 1998] that views languages as a complex dynamic system and the origins of language as the result of self-organization and cultural evolution.


Objective To compare the efficacy of Mangafodipir trisodium (Mn-DPDP)-enhanced MR cholangiogrphy (MRC) and Gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA)-enhanced MRC in visualizing a non-dilated biliary system. Materials and Methods Eighty-eight healthy liver donor candidates underwent contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRC. Mn-DPDP and Gd-BOPTA was used in 36 and 52 patients, respectively. Two radiologists reviewed the MR images and rated the visualization of the common duct, the right and left hepatic ducts, and the second-order branches using a 4-point scale. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the common duct to the liver in the two groups was also compared. Results Mn-DPDP MRC and Gd-BOPTA MRC both showed similar visualization grades in the common duct (p = .380, Mann-Whitney U test). In the case of the proximal bile ducts, the median visualization grade was significantly higher with Gd-BOPTA MRC than with Mn-DPDP MRC (right hepatic duct: p = 0.016, left hepatic duct: p = 0.014, right secondary order branches: p = 0.006, left secondary order branches, p = 0.003). The common duct-to-liver CNR of the Gd-BOPTA MRC group was significantly higher (38.90±24.50) than that of the Mn-DPDP MRC group (24.14±17.98) (p = .003, Student's t test). Conclusion Gd-BOPTA, as a biliary contrast agent, is a potential substitute for Mn-DPDP.


The presence of microbubbles (MBs) in a medium changes the medium's acoustic properties and increases the attenuation of the bubbly medium. Current models of ultrasound attenuation in a bubbly medium are based on linear approximations; that is MB undergoes very small amplitude oscillations. Thus linear models of attenuation are not valid in many regimes used in diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound applications. In this study, a model is developed that incorporates the nonlinear attenuation and sound speed by deriving the complex wave number from the Calfish model for the propagation of acoustic waves in a bubbly medium. Using the methods of nonlinear dynamics, we have classified the behavior of MBs for a wide range of frequencies and applied pressures. The results of the bubble oscillations are visualized using the bifurcation diagrams of the radial oscillations of the MBs as a function of the incident pressure. It is shown that depending on the frequency of the ultrasound wave, the nonlinear oscillations of the MBs can be classified into 5 main categories in which the MBs oscillations exhibit: 1. Linear resonance (fr), 2. Pressure-dependent resonance (fs), 3. Sub Harmonic (SH) resonance (fSH), 4. Pressure-dependent SH resonance (fpSH) and 5. Higher order SH resonance oscillations (fn). Results show that when MBs are sonicated by their fr, the effective attenuation of the medium can potentially decrease as the pressure increases, which is in good agreement with experimental observations. When sonicated with their fs, the effective attenuation of the medium is smaller than in the case of fr. This happens only below a pressure threshold that corresponds to the saddle node bifurcation in the corresponding bifurcation diagram. Above this pressure, the effective attenuation and sound speed increase abruptly by ~5 and ~2 folds, respectively. In the other classified sonication regimes (fSH, fsSH and fn) (3-5), the attenuation and sound speed changes are negligible below the pressure threshold corresponding to the SH oscillations. As soon as the pressure increases above the threshold for SH oscillations (e.g. period doubling in the bifurcation diagram), the effective attenuation increases abruptly (~ up to 3 fold), however the maximum exhibited attenuation is ~10 to 50 folds smaller than the maximum attenuation in case of sonication with fr and fs.


The development of the internet makes a lot of online media have emerged and are increasingly popular among the people.New lifestyle offered internet marketing online, one of the online media site that provides marketing services of goods is OLX.co.id (Exchange Online), in which people in Pekanbaru using the media as a means of buying and selling used goods. The purpose of this study is to find out the motives of the users of online media OLX in marketing used goods, meaning OLX users of online media in the marketing of used goods, and the communication process OLX users of online media in the marketing of junk in Pekanbaru.In this study the authors used a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques are grouped through observation, interviews and documentation. Informants in this study of 10 people were taken by purposive sampling techniques, respectively 5 5 sellers and buyers of used goods online OLX mediated. Interactive data analysis model the researchers use to describe the results of research into techniques for data analysis and data validity checking researchers used a technique extension of participation and triangulation.The results showed that the motive OLX users of online media in the marketing of junk in the city of Pekanbaru is because motive motive convenience, comfort motif and motif profitable. Meanwhile, in order to motive security, finance, and low prices. Then the meaning of online media OLX by users in marketing junk OLX significantly positive that can bring together between sellers and buyers, OLX makes it easy to sell and buy used, OLX as a source of information goods. While the negative meanings which can OLX fraud. Furthermore, the communication process OLX users of online media in the marketing of junk in the city of Pekanbaru is advertising, feedback and transactions. The nice thing is to feel fun, quality is good stuff, quickly sold out and a lot of users. While the unpleasant things that seem indifferent, annoyed, and the clan is not appropriate.


Statistical post-editing (SPE) techniques have been successfully applied to the output of Rule Based MT (RBMT) systems. In this paper we investigate the impact of SPE on a standard Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation (PB-SMT) system, using PB-SMT both for the first-stage MT and the second stage SPE system. Our results show that, while a naive approach to using SPE in a PB-SMT pipeline produces no or only modest improvements, a novel combination of source context modelling and thresholding can produce statistically significant improvements of 2 BLEU points over baseline using technical translation data for French to English.


Men's Olympic gymnastics today is comprised of six events. Listed in order of Olympic competition they are: floor exercise, pommel horse, Roman rings, vaulting horse, parallel bars, and horizontal bar. In five of these events a routine is required by the Inter national Gymnastics Federation (FIG) to consist of 11 moves. The exception is vaulting. This event consists of only one jump over the vaulting horse for which a maximum score of 10 points can be awarded. This one skill is rated at the same value as 11 skills on any other apparatus. Ten points can be won or lost on this one skill. It is possible to see zero awarded for an unsuccessful vault. In this light, the importance of vaulting can be seen.


This speech analyzes the critical ingredients of an objectives-based management system for (1) goal determination--decisions regarding the direction of the educational enterprise; (2) progress monitoring--the formative evaluation of the system's enroute success in attaining its goals; and (3) output appraisal--the summative evaluation of the system's effectiveness. Several empirical studies, conducted by UCLA and the Instructional Objectives Exchange, are reported insofar as they bear on these three phases of large scale educational management. (Author) A presentation in a symposium, Perspectives on Management Systems Procedures in Education, given at the annual meeting of the Amer.idan Educational Research Association, April 3-8, 1972, Chicago, Illinois. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION 6 WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFACIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. f.N.1 OBJECTIVES-BASED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR LARGE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS W. James Popham University of California, Los Angeles There is an apparent defect in human nature which disinclines us to subject any enterprise to careful scrutiny until we sense it is in some way defective. Without debating whether this failing stems from original sin or is merely an acquired shortcoming, there is little doubt that we are currently witnessing the results of this tendency in the field of education. American citizens in increasing numbers have become disenchanted with the quality of our educational system, and the magnitude of this disenchantment has now passed the critical point, so that rhetoric no longer satisfies and corrective action is being demanded. The problem facing us now is easier to articulate than to answer, namely, "How should we go about promoting improvements in the educa-


A large number of national and international techno-economic studies on industrially integrated gasifiers for production of biofuels have been published during the recent years. These studies compr ...


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ink for detecting moisture carrying out detection of the moisture with a color change in an edible natural pigment and maintaining the shape of a pattern even after detecting the moisture and to provide a printed sheet, laminate and paper diaper. SOLUTION: The ink for detecting the moisture is composed of an edible material. The ink for detecting the moisture is composed of an ethanol-soluble resin, the natural pigment changing the color with a pH change and ethanol. The moisture is detected by actions of a basic substance in the ink for detecting the moisture. The natural pigment is a pigment of Curcuma domestica Valeton and a red pigment of Carthamus tinctorius L. Furthermore, in the ink for detecting the moisture, the natural pigment is a particulate pigment obtained by mixing the natural pigment with microcrystalline cellulose in (1-20):(80-99) ratio. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT


The effects of health inequities on transgender (or trans) and gender diverse populations have been well documented internationally. Studies that compared the mental health of trans and gender diverse populations to cisgender populations found significant inequities for mental health problems. There has been very little research on this topic, however, from Aotearoa/New Zealand. We conducted database search in the PsycINFO, as well as manual searches for published grey literature in Aotearoa/New Zealand to identify theoretical and empirical literature on social determinants of health and related frameworks to explain the effects of social environments on health inequities experienced by trans and gender diverse people. We also complement international studies by considering Māori and Pacific trans and gender diverse identities and the ramifications of colonisation on the mental health and wellbeing of these populations.


After the 2010 Haiti earthquake, which destroyed a significant part of the seismically vulnerable city of Port-au-Prince, the country's capital, a 12-storey reinforced concrete building that behave...


The AMR(automatic meter reading) system has been increasingly and widely used for its efficient and intelligent management, which is a technology that automatically collects consumption data from a water meter or energy metering device. The digital meter instead of the mechanical meter should be used in the system. Up to now, various types of sensor to measure the water flow rate have been used in the digital water meter, for example, reed switch, photo IR approximate sensor, ultrasonic sensor, electromagnetic sensor, etc. In this paper, a new sensing technology, where a variable capacitor and digital circuit were used for sensing the water flow rate, was proposed. The circuit was designed and verified by Pspice simulation. And a PCB board for the circuit was fabricated. After then, a prototype of digital water meter using a variable capacitor to measure the water flow rate was fabricated. The function tests of the fabricated digital water meter were performed, and it was found that the meter worked properly. Since the new technology has much better properties in terms of cost and power consumption compared to conventional technologies, it should be one of the major digital water meter technologies in the future.


Phytosociological study was carried out to investigate the structural characteristics of Humulus japonicus community in the Middle area of Korea. The vegetation data of total 67 releves were analyzed by the Zurich-Montpellier school's method. Upper layer plant communities of Humulus japonicus were classified into four community groups : Humulus japonicus-Artemisia princeps community, Chenopodium album community, Setaria viridis-Echinochloa crus-galli community and Typical community. Lower layer plant communities were classified into five community groups : Galium spurium-Stellaria aquatica community, Equisetum arvense community, Persicaria theunbergii community, Echinochloa crus-galli-Digitaria ciliaris community and Typical community. According to the results of canonical correspondence analysis by vegetation and environmental factor, Setaria viridis-Echinochloa crus-galli community of upper layer was distributed throughout the soil with high relative light and soil hardness. Chenopodium album community appeared in the soil with high pH. Galium spurium-Stellaria aquatica community of lower layer was formed in the high soil pH. Persicaria theunbergii community and Echinochloa crus-galli-Digitaria ciliaris community were distributed in the soil with high moisture.


The drive toward advanced technology nodes has drastically increased the computational complexity of optical proximity correction (OPC). Applying full-chip OPC to all critical layers has become the most computational demanding step in the tape-out process. Tuning for fast and accurate OPC recipes is a critical step in the development of a total manufacturing solution. OPC is by design an iterative cycle, where one iteration is a single simulation and polygon fragmentation shift sequence. Typically an accurate OPC recipe requires eight or more iterations to converge to a final best solution. The number of iterations in a recipe directly impacts the full-chip OPC runtime. Engineers often find themselves spending hours tuning an OPC recipe to reduce just one iteration. This paper presents a generic technique called Fast Forward OPC (FFOPC). FFOPC will help to reduce any golden OPC recipe that meets certain requirements to a fixed 4 iterations with minimum accuracy lost. Most importantly this technique can be easily implemented as a plugin with any existing OPC tools.


This paper proposes a low voltage CMOS nano-ampere current reference circuit and presents its performance with circuit simulations in 180-nm technology. The proposed circuit consists of biasvoltage, current-source and offset-voltage sub-circuits with most of MOSFETs operating in subthreshold region. Simulation results show that the circuit generates a stable reference current of 110-nA in supply voltage range of 0.8–1.8-V with line sensitivity of 9250 ppm/V. The proposed circuit is useful for composing a voltage reference circuit for ultra-low power applications.


The article presents the results of a field experiment of a developed controlled attachment device (UNU-3) as part of an aggregate with an MTZ-1221 tractor and a mounted cultivator KON-2.8 and provides recommendations for its use. It was found that when using a controlled mounted device, the range of variations in the numerical values of the deviation of the cultivator axis from the line set by the navigation equipment at the speed of the unit from 1.39 m/s to 1.94 m/s ranged from 0.08 to 0.04, which is 2-4 times less than without using the device, respectively. The process of functioning of a controlled attachment is described. It is determined that this device will increase the positioning level of the aggregated gun by minimizing the transverse displacement.


This study examined the relationship between employee engagement, organizational performance, and electronic human resource management (e-HRM) in small- and medium-sized Saudi firms. In total, 180 participants were randomly selected using convenience sampling. SEM-PLS, or structural equation model-partial least squares, was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study show no statistically significant correlation between organizational success and e-HRM. E-HRM and employee engagement, as well as employee engagement and organizational performance, have a strong beneficial association. The implications of the results highlight the need to establish good E-HRM practices to increase employee engagement and boost organizational performance.


Semiconductor materials play an important role as transducers of electrical energy in betavoltaic batteries. Optimal selection of effective factors will increase the efficiency of these batteries. In this study, based on common semiconductors and relying on increasing the maximum efficiency of betavoltaic batteries and the possibility of using 3H, 63Ni, and 147Pm beta sources, the indicators and criteria for optimal selection of semiconductor materials are determined. Evaluation criteria include the backscattering coefficient of beta particles from semiconductors, efficiency of electron-hole pairs generation, electronic specifications and properties, radiation damage threshold, radiation yield, stopping power and penetration of beta particles in semiconductors, physical characteristics, temperature tolerance, accessibility, and fabrication are considered. Conventional semiconductors have been quantitatively evaluated based on these criteria and compared with silicon semiconductors. 10 semiconductors, , diamond, 2H-SiC, 3C-SiC, 4H-SiC, AlN, MgO, B4C with effective atomic number less than 14 and bandgap energy above 1.12 eV at room temperature (300K) compared to Silicon semiconductors are evaluated. Finally, according to the evaluation indicators, Diamond, c-BN, and 4H-SiC are more suitable semiconductors in terms of efficiency have selected, respectively. The results indicate that for planar batteries, a betavoltaic semiconductor type junction for Schottky diamond with 147pm radioisotope, and 4H-SiC semiconductors with 63Ni or 3H radioisotopes, and for three-dimensional structures of betavoltaic batteries, Si combination with 147pm or 63Ni radioisotopes is recommended.


A two-dimensional initial-boundary value problem of electrodynamics for an electroconductive non-ferromagnetic body with planar-parallel boundaries is formulated under the action of an external non-stationary electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field is given by the values of the inhomogeneous longitudinal coordinate of the component of the magnetic field intensity vector at its bases. To construct a general solution of the formulated initial boundary value problem under such electromagnetic action, a cubic approximation by thickness coordinate and an integral Fourier transform along a longitudinal coordinate was used for a key function — a given component of the magnetic field intensity vector. As a result, the initial two-dimensional initial boundary value problem for the key function is reduced to the one-dimensional initial boundary value problem. This initial boundary value problem is on the integral key function. These characteristics are the functions of time variable and the thickness coordinate. The coefficients of the polynomial approximating the key function are given by the transformants of the integral characteristics of the key function and given its values on the bases of the body as corresponding functions of time and longitudinal coordinate. The general solutions of the one-dimensional initial boundary value problem are obtained as a convolution of functions. These functions describe homogeneous solutions and key function boundary values on the bases of the body. Using the inverse Fourier transforms, the solution of the original electrodynamics problem under the action of an arbitrary variable in time and by the longitudinal coordinate of a non-stationary electromagnetic field is written. On the basis of such a common solution, as a partial case, we also write the solutions of the original two-dimensional initial boundary value problem under the action of a stationary harmonic in time variable electromagnetic field. In order to improve the accuracy of the approximate solution of the problem under consideration, an independent approximation of the corresponding component of the electric field intensity vector along the thickness coordinate is proposed. Systems of equations are formulated to determine the integral characteristics of this component, both under the action of an arbitrary variable in time and for a longitudinal coordinate non-stationary and the stationary electromagnetic field.


The present work addresses the role of police forces in Haiti and the purpose of police forces regarding the prevention and investigation of crimes committed by the civilian population. They are important because police forces are specially trained for this type of situation, that is, understand the difference between police forces and military forces. Military forces take care of combating enemies in wars or occupying strategic zones of peacekeeping missions, and they conduct stabilization missions, mine disarmament, ceasefire supervision, among others. Between 2004 and 2013, some countries commanded UN police forces in Haiti due to their interest in helping the country recover from a period of civil disorder. In the meantime, the Security Council created
MINSUTAH on June 1, 2004, by resolution 1542, offering a multinational provisional force, authorized by the Security Council, in February 2004, whose aim was to promote the reconstruction of Haitian humanitarian aid. This work highlights the proposal of the police forces and presents what activities they have carried out, as well as the United Nations police who supported the ability
of the local police to prevent, detect crimes, protect life and property, as well as public order, taking public safety as its central point. During the peacekeeping mission, UN security forces fulfilled the role of promoting the country´s stabilization, pacifying and promoting conditions for Haiti´s institutional and economic development. As for the methodology, this research is descriptive,
because it presents the characteristics of the research object, as well as qualitative in relation to the theme, but it is not based on statistical surveys for the formulation research.


This article explores the issue of diversity, first from a global perspective and then within the discipline of occupational therapy. Particular foci are the emergent diversity in occupational therapy theory, research, and finally in practice developments. Two symbols, meaningful in Aotearoa (New Zealand) are used as motifs throughout: the koru, capturing the potential of diversity in occupational therapy and the wero, or challenge that the profession faces in more fully embracing diversity in the future.


Traffic demand in emergency evacuation is usually too large to be effectively managed with reactive traffic information control methods. These methods adapt to the road traffic passively by publishing real-time information without consideration of the routing behavior feedback produced by evacuees. Other remedy measures have to be prepared in case of nonrecurring congestion under these methods. To use the network capacity fully to mitigate near-future evacuation traffic congestion, we propose proactive traffic information control (PTIC) model. Based on the mechanism between information and routing behavior feedback, this model can change the route choice of evacuees in advance by dissipating strategic traffic information. Generally, the near-future traffic condition is difficult to accurately predict because it is uncertain in evacuation. Assume that the value of traffic information obeys certain distribution within a range, and then real-time traffic information may reflect the most-likely near-future traffic condition. Unlike the real-time information, the proactive traffic information is a selection within the range to achieve a desired level of the road network performance index (total system travel time). In the aspect of the solution algorithm, differential equilibrium decomposed optimization (D-EDO) is proposed to compare with other heuristic methods. A field study on a road network around a large stadium is used to validate the PTIC.


Inkjet printer motor control consists of moving the printhead in the scan direction and in the process direction. Both movements have different objectives. Scan direction movement needs to have constant velocity and process direction movement needs to have accurate movement. In this
 paper, we discuss a method for controlling the velocity of the printhead and how to tune the motor control parameters. We also design six test pages for testing accuracy of the printhead movement and cartridge properties. For each test page, we discuss expected prints, common printer control
 problems that could alter the print quality, and how to identify them.


Abstract Natural product calls the attention of the public nowadays, because of its promising control measures which are eco-friendly, safe and yet effective against a wide range of stored product mite pest. Current investigation aims to evaluate the efficacy garlic crude extract (GCE) against Suidasia pontifica, that causes allergenic and possess a great challenge in postharvest agricultural products especially in areas of human activities. Based on the response of S. pontifica the estimated minimum effective concentration (MEC) of garlic crude extracts to give complete kill at different developmental stages was 0.75 - 1.0 g/L concentration. GC/MS analysis revealed various biologically active components of garlic, including oleyl alcohol (41.41 %), γ-sitosterol (16.49 %), 3-vinyl-1 2-dithiacyclohex-4-ene (5.78 %), 2-vinyl-4h-1 3-dithiine (5.52 %), 24-nourse-3,12-diene (4.39 %) and 1-octadecanol methyl ether (4.37 %) and its derivatives. Four out of six major components of the identified compound from GCE were used for industrial application. The other two were still unknown for its uses. The results support the possible use of A. sativum extracts as an alternative to synthetic acaricide.


I know of no direct evidence which suggests that vitamin C deficiency is a cause of mental impairment in the elderly. Apathy and depression are often clinical features of overt scurvy, which is rare, but the only vitamin deficiencies which are known to cause mental impairment are those of the B vitamins and folic acid. The latter, being obtained from fresh fruit and green vegetables, has the same natural sources as vitamin C and deficiencies of the two often go together. Folic acid deficiency is known to be a cause of dementia.' Old people have lower blood levels of vitamin C than younger people and old men lower levels than old women.2 It is also known that old people living in hospitals and institutions have lower vitamin C levels than those at home.3 A parallel situation has been observed over folic acid.4 This is thought to be due largely to deterioration of food as a result of institutional cooking. Foods containing vitamin C are less available in the winter and a fall in the leucocyte vitamin C content has been found during the winter months.3 For the detailed account of the problem the reader is referred to an excellent monograph -Vitamins in the Elderly.'


Antibiotics, as the most widely used medicine, have been detected in surface water, urban wastewater treatment plants, and soil. The distribution and degradation of antibiotics have received wide attention due to the "pseudo-persistence" and worldwide transmissions of resistance genes. Of all water treatment processes employed to degrade antibiotics, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on O3, H2O2, or persulfate exhibit extraordinary advantages on the rapid degradation and mineralization of various antibiotics. In this paper, several AOPs employed to degrade antibiotics including research status and applications were reviewed. Most of AOPs are pH-dependent and non-selective, thus pH and common inorganic ions in aquatic background substances have shown the significant influence on the removal efficiency of antibiotics. The characteristics of the ideal technology are proposed and the future research needs for antibiotics degradation are suggested accordingly.


The network-planned technique is an advanced and scientific method in management,After used in industrial production and architectonical working,it brings great effects,it saves both time and costs,it also supplies real quality.based on the application of it,the writer makes some suggestions about the application.


Jerusalem artichoke crops, as a new crop in irrigated agriculture in Uzbekistan, are expanding more and more. Scientists have developed many recipes for using Jerusalem artichoke tubers in the form of food additives that help improve the quality of bakery products, sausages, and various drinks. The pharmaceutical industry uses Jerusalem artichoke for the manufacture of medicines, in the chemical-technological industry, high-quality cellulose is obtained. In agriculture, it is used as a quality animal feed. Therefore, it is required to mechanize the entire cycle of its cultivation. The most time-consuming process is the harvesting of tubers. To dig up Jerusalem artichoke tubers, ordinary potato diggers are used, which are not adapted to dig up the tubers formed under the bottom of the irrigation furrows. The article provides materials on the adaptation of a potato digger for digging up Jerusalem artichoke tubers by installing a special ploughshare on it. Such a share has a complex working surface, adapted for more complete digging of tubers from under the irrigation furrow, reducing losses to 5 percent or less of the grown crop. Such a share must have an increased working width, which makes the process of its operation energy-intensive. Therefore, the authors propose to make a ploughshare from longitudinal strips - grates, when a part of the soil will be separated through their open intervals, facilitating the process of separating the soil from the tubers. Field experiments with such plowshares have shown their effectiveness.


Abstract : An investigation was conducted into the desalting of brackish water by means of precipitants and ion exchange resins. Limited tests indicate that the desired level of desalination can be achieved in less than one hour by mixing approximately 0.0 grams of precipitation chemicals or 24.0 to 30.0 grams of mixed-bed ion exchange resins in one quart of a synthetic form of brackish water. The bulk of our development effort was concentrated on the precipitation method, which - because of its more advanced state-of-the-art - appeared to offer a greater chance of success within the limited time and funds available. Consequently, final delivery consisted of precipitation chemicals sealed in 100 plastic packets, each of which contained two sections of 4.5 each. Thus, each packet is capable of desalting 2 one-pint or 1 one-quart quantities of brackish water in accordance with the instructions provided thereon.


In the paper novel application of the level set method to heart segmentation in ultrasound echocardiography is addressed. In the presented approach region of interest of the ultrasound image is calculated by means of Hough transform and speckle noise is reduced by anisotropic diffusion filter. The method is initially validated on USG-like simulated noisy images.


GaN heteroepitaxial growth on sapphire (0001) substrates was carried out by both radio-frequency (rf) remote plasma metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (RP-MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). A multistep growth process including substrate plasma cleaning and nitridation, buffer growth, its subsequent annealing and epilayer growth was used. In order to achieve a better understanding of the GaN growth, in-situ real time investigation of the surface chemistry is performed for all the steps using the conventional reflection high-energy electron spectroscopy (RHEED) during the MBE process, while laser reflectance interferometry (LRI) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), which do not require UHV conditions, are used for the monitoring of the RP-MOCVD process. The chemistry of the rf N 2 plasma sapphire nitridation and its effect on the epilayer growth and quality are discussed in both MBE and RP-MOCVD.


This article is the substance of a report, submitted to the Board of the British Library in 1974, on a short visit to research libraries in the United States made in October and November 1973. The author was at that time in charge of the United States Collection and Superintendent of the North Library in the British Library Reference Division (formerly the British Museum Library); the primary purpose of his visit was to see what implications for the British Library the American situation might seem to suggest. The opinions expressed are, of course, those of the author only, and not of the Board. The original report was prefaced by a detailed acknowledgement of the great hospitality, kindness and co-operation that the author received throughout his visit, and he is glad of this opportunity to express his gratitude publicly, though necessarily less specifically.


A-optimality 43: 367 Abelian theorem 42: 179 absolute values of residuals 42: 81 adaptive estimation 42: 113 adaptive methods 43: 287 additive models 42: 205 additive outlier model 43: 399 Aitken estimator 43: 483 angular data 42: 347, 433 area-interaction process 42: 283 asymmetric filters 43: 385 asymptotic normality 42: 113 asymptotics 42: 323; 43: 75 autocorrelation 42: 463 autoregression 42: 479 autoregressive time series 43: 399 auxiliary information 43: 33 average run length 42: 25


In this paper, we have compared the reliability characteristics of MOSFET with nitride sidewall and oxide sidewall spacer. We found that the unique reliability characteristics of nitride sidewall spacer device. At the initial stage of stress, large degradation of drain current occurs for nitride sidewall device at low stress drain bias due to the enhanced trapping of nitride spacer. However, nitride sidewall devices exhibit improvement of device lifetime which was defined as a 10% degradation of drain current.


This article refers to `The impact of palliative care on clinical and patient-centred outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials by N. Sah ...


Objective To evaluate the effects of negative pressure ventilation via self-made respirator on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods 68 patients with COPD were randomly grouped into two groups,namely treatment and control groups.The 35 patients of treatment group was applied with negative pressure ventilation via a self-made respirator;the 33 patients of control group with the common nasal-duct oxygenation.The two groups was both given antibiotics and Symptomatic treatment.The parameters including artery blood pH value,pa(O2) and pa(CO2),FVC,FEV1% were measured before and after the treatments.Results After treatment,pa(O2),FVC,FEV1% of treatment group are increased significantly(P0.05) than those of control groups while pa(CO2) and medical fee decreased.Conclusion negative pressure ventilation via a self made respirator might achieve more affective and also improve the pulmonary function.


Cage and raft aquaculture (CRA) in China's offshore waters has been spreading in this decade. Exploring spatiotemporal distribution of CRA can provide basic data for predicting aquaculture yield, controlling the effect of CRA on sea environment, and optimizing CRA spatial arrangement. Supporting by Google Earth Engine (GEE) and ArcGIS platforms, and taking China's coastal areas as study area, this study adopted object-oriented random forest (OORF) classifier for detecting spatiotemporal distribution of CRA from remote sensing big data of Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 in 2016, 2018 and 2021. Firstly, the study area was divided into a number of computational regions, and principal component analysis was used to generate single-band images for segmentation using simple non-iterative clustering (SNIC) algorithm. Secondly, the selected important features of spectrum, index, shape and texture were computed and input into OORF classifier to detect CRA in GEE. Finally, spatiotemporal distribution of CRA was analyzed by spatial statistical analysis in ArcMap. The results show: 1) OORF is an effective classifier for acquiring CRA in GEE with overall accuracies in three years all around 0.9; 2) From 2016 to 2021, the total area of CRA has increased 14.86% and the gravity center of CF A moves toward the northeast.


This paper describes a novel, first of its kind architecture for a threshold logic gate using conventional MOSFETs and an STT-MTJ (Spin Torque Transfer-Magnetic Tunnelling Junction) device. The resulting cell, called STL which is extremely compact can be programmed to realize a large number of threshold functions, many of which would require a multilevel network of conventional CMOS logic gates. Next, we describe a novel array architecture consisting of STL cells onto which complex logic networks can be mapped. The resulting array, called STLA has several advantages not available with conventional logic. This type of logic (1) is non-volatile, (2) is structurally regular and operates like DRAM, (3) is fully observable and controllable, (4) has zero standby power. These advantages are demonstrated by implementing a 16-bit carry look-ahead adder and compared with two optimized conventional FPGA implementations (Carry Look Ahead Adder and Ripple Carry Adder). The STLA has 12X lower transistor count (compared to CLA-FPGA) and 10X reduction (compared to RCA-FPGA) with comparable energy which will continue to reduce as the STT-MTJ device technology matures.


Although the primary purpose of accounting is to communicate information, few studies have investigated the communicative nature of accounting. This study uses semiotics, a theory of signs and signals, to examine the purpose and usefulness of accounting accruals with a popular tool in forecasting--artificial neural networks. Two primary theories are proposed by this study. The Theory of the Functions of Accounting Accruals categories accounting accruals by their basic functions and states that two general types of accounting accruals exist: syntactic accruals and semantic accruals. Syntactic accounting accruals reflect incomplete transactions under a system of cash receipts and cash disbursements. Semantic accounting accruals present messages in a different format than their counterparts in a system of cash receipts and cash disbursements. The T heory of the Pragmatic Information of Accounting Accruals states that accounting accruals contain pragmatic information (value) because of their functions. The pragmatic information (value) of accounting accruals is examined by comparing the ability of accrual accounting data to forecast future cash flows compared to that of cash-flow accounting data. Forecasts are made using backpropagation neural networks. The results indicate that both syntactic and semantic accounting accruals contain pragmatic information (have value when forecasting future cash flows). The study provides evidence of the pragmatic information (value) of annual accounting accruals. However, no evidence was found in support of the pragmatic information (value) of quarterly accounting accruals. This result implies that annual accrual accounting data is a better predictor of future cash flows than cash-flow data while quarterly accrual accounting data is not.


To observe the therapeutic effects of "Yinaoling Capsule" in the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke, 60 subjects were randomized into two groups: control group in which 30 cases were treated with conventional medicines and treatment group in which 30 cases were treated with "Yinaoling Capsule" besides conventional medicines. Clinical effects, nerve-deficit score, life quality, main symptom improvement, and plasma D-dimer and ET-1 were observed before and after treatment. Results: The total effective rate was 83.3% in treatment group and 66.7% in control group; after treatment, the nerve-deficit, life quality, main symptoms, ET-1 and D-dimer improved in treatment group (P0.01), with better effects than control group (P0.05).