From the early 1970's to the late 1980's, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory conducted life-span studies in beagle dogs on the biological effects of inhaled plutonium (238PuO2, 239PuO2, and 239Pu[NO3]4) to help predict risks associated with accidental intakes in workers. Years later, the purpose of the present follow-up study was to reassess the dose-response relationship for lung cancer in the 239PuO2 dogs compared to controls—with particular focus on the dose-response at relatively low lung doses. A 239PuO2 aerosol (2.3 &mgr;m activity-median aerodynamic diameter, 1.9 &mgr;m geometric standard deviation) was administered to six groups of 20 young (18-mo-old) beagle dogs (10 males and 10 females) by inhalation at six different activity levels, as previously described in Laboratory reports. Control dogs were sham-exposed. In dose level 1, initial pulmonary lung depositions were 130 ± 48 Bq (3.5 ± 1.3 nCi), corresponding to 1 Bq g−1 lung tissue (0.029 ± 0.001 nCi g−1). Groups 2 through 6 received initial lung depositions (mean values) of 760, 2,724, 10,345, 37,900, and 200,000 Bq (22, 79, 300, 1,100, and 5,800 nCi) 239PuO2, respectively. For each dog, the absorbed dose to lungs was calculated from the initial lung burden and the final lung burden at time of death and lung mass, assuming a single, long-term retention function. Insoluble plutonium oxide exhibited long retention times in the lungs. Increased dose-dependent mortality due to lung cancer (bronchiolar-alveolar carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and epidermoid carcinoma) and radiation pneumonitis (in the highest exposure group) were observed in dogs exposed to 239PuO2. Calculated lung doses ranged from a few cGy (lowest exposure level) to 7,764 cGy in dogs that experienced early deaths from radiation pneumonitis. Data were regrouped by lifetime lung dose and plotted as a function of lung tumor incidence. The lung tumor incidence in controls and zero-dose exposed dogs was 18% (5/28). However, no lung tumors were observed in 16 dogs with the lowest lung doses (8 to 22 cGy, mean 14.4 ± 7.6 cGy), and only one lung tumor was observed in the next 10 dogs with lung doses ranging from 27 to 48 cGy (mean 37.5 ± 10.9 cGy). By least-squares analysis, a pure-quadratic function represented the overall dose-response (n = 137, r = 0.96) with no apparent dose-related threshold. Reducing this function to three linear dose-response components, we calculated risk coefficients for each. However, the incidence of lung tumors at zero dose was significantly greater than the incidence at low dose (at the p ≤ 0.053 confidence level), suggesting a protective effect (radiation homeostasis) of alpha-particle radiation from 239PuO2. If a threshold for lung cancer incidence exists, it will be observed in the range 15 to 40 cGy.


In order to provide particle identification (PID) of charged hadrons at the future high-rate Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment, the TOF group has developed a large-area Time-of-Flight (ToF) wall equipped with Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) capable to operate at incident particle fluxes of up to 30 kHz/cm2. Prior to its destined operation at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR)—starting in 2025—this high-rate timing MRPC technology will be used for physics research at two scientific pillars of the FAIR Phase-0 program: the end-cap TOF upgrade of the STAR experiment at RHIC and the mini-TOF (mTOF) wall of the mini-CBM (mCBM) experiment at Schwerionensynchrotron18 (SIS18). At STAR, the fixed-target program of the Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II) will rely on 108 CBM MRPC detectors for forward PID at trigger rates of up to 2 kHz. At mCBM, high-performance benchmark runs of Lambda-baryon production at top SIS18 energies and CBM design interaction rates of 10 MHz will become feasible with a PID backbone consisting of 25 CBM MRPC detectors. Apart from the physics perspective, these pre-FAIR involvements will help gathering experience in operating the final CBM TOF wall comprising about 1500 MRPC detectors and 110,000 readout channels. The status of the FAIR phase 0 program will be discussed.


Many farm magazines tailor more of their editorial and advertising linage to appear in late fall and winter when farmers aren't busy with field work. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. This research brief is available in Journal of Applied Communications: http://newprairiepress.org/jac/vol67/iss2/7 Faculty authors responded favorably-Faculty members were generally favorable toward Science ;n Agriculture as an outlet for reporting research. They responded to a likert-type scale graded from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree." Authors gave 81-percent agreement to this statement Science in Agriculture is a popular presentation of research findings, with more substantive reports in other forms by the same scientist. Fifty-one percent "agreed" and 30 percent "strongly agreed" with this statement. The faculty highly favored the current makeup of the quarterly with 73 percent very much opposed to the idea of reducing the number of articles to allow for more lengthly reports (14 articles is the average on 16 pages).


To explore the current status of nursing problems in recent years on the health education and selfmanagement field in elderly patients with diabetes,through analysed the data of 768 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes retrospectively who were treated from 2008 to 2013, and solved the problem by using combining the evidence-based method and clinical experience, in order to provided reference for further perfect and scientific develop the system of health education for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.


The properties of (1) consistency and (2) asymptotic normality of maximum likelihood estimates of one unknown parameter, for independent observations, have been discussed rigorously by Cramér ((1), p. 500) and Doob (2). These properties were first stated by Fisher (3).


Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xi Introduction 1 PART ONE GRAMMAR, ARBITRARINESS, NON-ARBITRARINESS 1. Wittgenstein's Conception of Grammar 7 2. The Sense in Which Grammar Is Arbitrary 21 3. The Sense in Which Grammar Is Non-Arbitrary 66 4. Some Modest Criticisms 82 PART TWO THE DIVERSITY THESIS 5. Alternative Grammars? The Case of Formal Logic 107 6. Alternative Grammars? The Limits of Language 129 7. Alternative Grammars? The Problem of Access 153 Appendix. The Philosophical Investigations 189 Notes 193 Index 241


Effects of Nit and Fel on action potentials of guinea pig papillary muscles were studied by intracelluar microelectrodes. Nit 0.33 and 1mumol·L~(-1) markedly shortened the APD_(90) and APD_(90) of slow AP elicited by isoprenaline. At 5 and 10mumol·L~(-1), the effect of Nit was not reversible on washout, but at 1 and 3 mumol·L~(-1), it was. In the fast AP experiment, Nit 1 and 10 nmol·~(-1) prolonged the APD_(50),APD_(20),APD_(50),APD_(50) and ERP. Fel had similar effects of Nit on action potentials (APs) of guinea pig papillary muscles. (Nif. 0.1 nmol·L~(-1) had no effec effect on Aps of papillary muscle of guinea pig. But at 1 nmol·~(-1), it prolonged APD_(30), APD_(50) and APD_(90) respectively. Verapamil 0.1 and 5 nmol·L~(-1) all had no effects on APD. Nit, Fel and Nif at much lower concentrations than those of blocking Ca~(2+) channel probably had an agonistic effect on the channel.


A new strategy for the synthesis of vinyl type macrocyclic polymers of controlled molecular weight and molecular weight distribution has been investigated. It involves the direct coupling of an α,ω-heterodifunctional linear polymer precursor previously prepared by living polymerization. The cyclization is achieved under high dilution, by appropriate activation of one of the polymer ends in order to allow its reaction with the other end function. The theoretical advantages of this approach compared to the conventional procedure involving the coupling of a living homodifunctional polymer precursor by a difunctional organic molecule are discussed


<italic>Objective:</italic> Purposes of this work were i) to develop an <italic>in silico</italic> model of tumor response to radiotherapy, ii) to perform an exhaustive sensitivity analysis in order to iii) propose a simplified version and iv) to predict biochemical recurrence with both the comprehensive and the reduced model. <italic>Methods:</italic> A multiscale computational model of tumor response to radiotherapy was developed. It integrated the following radiobiological mechanisms: oxygenation, including hypoxic death; division of tumor cells; VEGF diffusion driving angiogenesis; division of healthy cells and oxygen-dependent response to irradiation, considering, cycle arrest and mitotic catastrophe. A thorough sensitivity analysis using the Morris screening method was performed on 21 prostate computational tissues. Tumor control probability (TCP) curves of the comprehensive model and 15 reduced versions were compared. Logistic regression was performed to predict biochemical recurrence after radiotherapy on 76 localized prostate cancer patients using an output of the comprehensive and the reduced models. <italic>Results:</italic> No significant difference was found between the TCP curves of the comprehensive and a simplified version which only considered oxygenation, division of tumor cells and their response to irradiation. Biochemical recurrence predictions using the comprehensive and the reduced models improved those made from pre-treatment imaging parameters (AUC = 0.81 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.02 and 0.82 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.02 vs. 0.75 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.03, respectively). <italic>Conclusion:</italic> A reduced model of tumor response to radiotherapy able to predict biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer was obtained. <italic>Significance:</italic> This reduced model may be used in the future to optimize personalized fractionation schedules.


Illustration B consists of the same basic design but is 40" high and to the framework is bolted a pair of ordinary elbow crutches. This is designed for patients of a more disabled type e.g. due to severe rheumatoid arthritis and the height of the crutch supports can be arranged to suit the individual patient. Illustration C is based on a more common form of walking aid and has a shelf attached. Special measures to ensure rigidity are required and a sheet of plywood is bolted across the two arms for this purpose. The distance between the arms is 23" and this gives the increased stability required for patients of the ataxic type e.g. multiple sclerosis. All three types have been developed with the aim of producing aids of maximum strength, simplicity of construction and minimum cost. Each can be improved considerably by various attachments and alterations to suit individual needs e.g. spring clips for walking sticks etc. The cost of materials for each is between £3 and £4. I should like to achnowledge that these aids were developed by the combined efforts of the Staff of Whipps Cross Hospital's Occupational Therapy Department and that much advice and help was received from Dr. Brocks, the Consultant in Physical Medicine.


Americans today could not imagine the nation's senior military officer running for high political office while still in uniform. They would think it absurd for that officer to campaign for the presidency, lose, and then quietly resume his position in the Pentagon while continuing to serve for another decade, receiving not only a promotion but also wide respect and acclaim from Congress, the people, the news media, and even the President. And yet, this is what occurred in the mid-nineteenth century. Major General Winfield Scott, the general-in-chief of the US Army and hero of the War of 1812 and the Mexican War, contested with the incumbent President, Millard Fillmore, to win the Whig Party's presidential nomination. Scott then ran against his erstwhile subordinate, former Brigadier General Franklin Pierce. Scott did not resign his commission. He lost the election of 1852, but continued as the Army's top general for another decade. In 1856, a grateful Congress promoted him to lieutenant general, the first officer to hold that rank since George Washington. (1) The campaign of 1852 was not Scott's first foray into politics. In 1848, he had lobbied for the Whig presidential nomination, but the party chose another general, Zachary Taylor, as its standard bearer. Taylor, also a Mexican War hero, was then-commander of the Army's Western Division. He remained in uniform throughout the campaign. In fact, the election was held on 7 November, but General Taylor did not submit his resignation from the Army until 21 December, to take effect the following 28 February, four days before his inauguration. (2) These were not isolated incidents. Throughout most of our nation's history this type of conduct was part of the American military tradition. It is a myth to argue that the military has been divorced from political affairs. On the contrary, military leaders have been deeply involved in politics. Yet, one of the foremost observers of civil-military relations, Richard H. Kohn, argues in his seminal essay on the subject that a crisis is now unfolding because the military is becoming politicized. It was not always so, says Kohn: Historically, one of the chief bulwarks of civilian control has been the American military establishment itself. Its small size in peacetime, the professionalism of the officers, their political neutrality, their willing subordination, and their acceptance of a set of unwritten but largely understood rules of behavior in the civil-military relationship--all had made civilian control succeed, messy as it sometimes was and situational as it must always be. (3) The record is clear: The US military was anything but politically neutral throughout much of its history; its leaders were not always willingly subordinate to civilian authority; and they did not often agree to an unwritten standard of behavior. Rather, there was in essence a "permeable membrane" between the military and political spheres that allowed men to pass back and forth between the two as it suited their purpose--and the purpose of the political parties and even the nation. Politics and the Military America's founding fathers were fearful of a standing army. The Declaration of Independence railed against King George III because he "kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the consent of our legislature;" he imposed an occupying force that "affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power;" and he brought in mercenaries "to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny." It was therefore no surprise that the issue of an army was highly contentious in the newly independent United States. Debates at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 were heated. When the Constitution was finally agreed upon, it included several provisions specifically designed to regulate and define the powers and limitations of an army. The President was to be the commander-in-chief of the military and would appoint officers, but Congress would control the purse strings and have the power to declare war. …


ABSTRACT The smoke point of several fuel mixtures was measured using a smoke meter defined by American Society for Testing Material D1322. The threshold soot index (TSI) was calculated to compare the sooting tendency of fuels. Two aviation biofuels produced by hydroprocessing of coconut oil, four jet range normal paraffins (n-paraffins), iso-octane, and propylbenzene were used to investigate the effects of chain length of n-paraffins, iso-paraffins, and aromatics on the sooting tendency. The results show that the effect of propylbenzene on the smoke point of the mixtures is dominant compared to that of the chain length of n-paraffins and the fraction of iso-paraffins. The differences in the sooting tendency among these n-paraffins are insignificant. In addition, blending aviation biofuels with Jet A1 leads to a decrease in the sooting tendency. Aromatics in Jet A1 play an important role on the sooting tendency of the mixtures of aviation biofuels and Jet A1.


Introduction. Improving the quality of education makes a shift in educational paradigm in Indonesia. Conventional teacher-centered curricula is changing to competency-based curricula (CBC) with focus on student-centered learning. The purpose of this study was to identify relationship between the implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method in CBC with students' soft skills. Method. The study design was cross sectional correlation with 97 respondents as the sample. Analysis of the data using univariate and bivariate analysis with the test used was the chi square test. Results. The results of the study showed that there was no relationship in the implementation of PBL method in CBC with students' soft skills (ρ = 0.646). Discussion. Based on the results, this study suggested to the academic head officer of PSIK UR to be able to evaluate periodically the implementation of CBC in order to achieve quality learning to produce students who can perform both hard skills and soft skills. Keywords: CBC, PBL, softskills, student


The undoing of soliton interaction by optical phase conjugation in the presence of third-order dispersion and fibre loss which is compensated for by optical amplifiers are studied. If the conjugator is applied before there are significant changes in the pulse shapes, the soliton interaction can be undone well.


Hydrocephalus is one of the common diseases in neurosurgery, of which the most cases needs ventriculo-peritoneal shunt besides that a part of obstructive hydrocephalus can be cured by removing the obstruction.But the infection after this operation is always the clinical topic that needs debating.This article reviews related data internal and abroad to find that reimplantating shunt system after cerebrospinal fluid renews aseptic condition by putting out the infected shunt system under the protection of antibiotics is an idea therapeutic methods , but the importance of prevention is not neglectable,and expectant treatment also has some efficacy and needs further studying.


The author wrote the book through the lens of two problems. Both are linked to a philosophical work that is – entirely unjustifiably – pushed to the very margins of dominant discourses. Firstly, this book deals with problems pertaining to the question of gender discrimination in the field of general philosophy, and particularly in the field of Chinese philosophy. The second aspect that aroused the author's interest in this framework of the discrimination-related questions within (Chinese) philosophy was connected to the problem of the role and the contribution of Taiwanese philosophy in maintaining the continuity of research in the Chinese intellectual tradition during the second half of the 20th century, which was in mainland Chinese philosophy primarily defined by discourses of Maoist ideologies and by the Sinicization of Marxism.
The central part of the book introduces two Taiwanese female philosophers, scholars Lin Yue-huei and Wu Hui-Ling, whose life and work is related to both issues mentioned above.


Abstract Efficient total synthesis of (±)‐12‐methoxyherbertenediol dimethyl ether and 12‐homoherbertenediol was accomplished starting from vanillin employing a Claisen rearrangement–RCM reaction–based approach.


Concrete structures are susceptible to cracking which allows water and damaging chemicals/microbes to enter and degrade the concrete, reducing the strength of the structure as well as requiring costly maintenance and repairs. Therefore, it is worthwhile to develop such bacterial strains which would carry out calcium carbonate precipitation in extreme conditions. Extremophile calcifying bacterial cultures produce urease enzyme which is capable of precipitating calcium in the surrounding micro environment as CaCO3. The bacterial degradation of urea locally increases the pH and promotes the microbial deposition of carbonate. These precipitated crystals can thus fill the cracks and enhance the durability of the concrete. The generation of 'bio-concrete' by incorporating very specific extremophiles calcifying bacteria will be helpful for developing a self healing material or "bio-cementing" technology.


In the theory of automorphic functions of n complex variables, the existence of n functionally independent meromorphic functions is demonstrated, separately, in the multiperiodic case by means of theta functions, in the case of a bounded domain by means of Poincar6 series, and in the modular case by means of Eisenstein series. We have found that these constructions differ but little from one another, and we are going to established the existence theorem in a unified version which will subsume all those known to us. 1. We take a complex analytic manifold D of complex dimension n, and a countable group r of analytic homeomorphisms of D onto itself, transformations with fixed points being permitted. A meromorphic function f(z) on D is automorphic if f(Tz) = f(z) for all T e r.


Ever since the publication of Raul Hilberg's work on the destruction of the European jews, Heinkel's factory at Budzyn has been treated as a mediocre example for a subsidiary of a major German firm in the so-called Generalgouvernement, an it has not been seriously studied yet. Nonetheless, the Budzyn works stand out by some characteristics: they were fairly large, employing a substantial proportion of the jewish slave labour force in occupied Poland. They were different to most industries there geared towards a highly sophisticated industrial production of aircraft. The most striking feature of the Budzyn works an labour camp, however, was that a high proportion of it's jewish slave labourers survived the so called "Erntefest" massacre in November 1943, which victimized most of the other jewish slave-labourers in the District of Lublin. This article attempts to trace the origins of the Budzyn project which originally in 1942 was seen as a nucleus of "Ultra", a gigantic Aircraft factoiy, matching Ford's famous Willow Run facilities in size and output and providing the aircraft for the return of the Luftwaffe to the western theatre of war as an active force. The intentions of Erhard Milch, the Luftwaffe Field Marshall who framed the project, and Ernst Heinkel, the Aircraft Producer who designed it, are studied. Particular reference is given to the decision making process leading to the employment of jewish slave labour and finally the failure of this project, which existed roughly one and a half year, but turned out neither an aircraft nor a single part of it.


Synthesis, Reactivity, and Ligand Properties of 1,4-Dihydro-1,4-diboranaphthalene and 2,3-Benzo-1,4-dihydro-1,4-diborafulvene Derivatives

The chlorine derivative 1a of 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diboranaphthalene and 2a of 2,3-benzo-1,4-dihydro-1,4-diborafulvene are obtained by treating 1,2-bis(trimethylstannyl)benzene (3)with (EtCBCl2)2 (4) and 1,2-bis(dichloroboryl)benzene (5) with 1,1-bis(trimethylstannyl)-2-methyl-1-propene (6), respectively. The dimethyl derivatives 1b and 2b react with the Fe(CO)3 complex fragment to yield the iron complexes 7b and 8b, in which the iron is bound to the heterocycle of 1b and 2b, respectively. The X-ray structure analyses of 7b, 8b, and 2b are described.


The aim of this study was to assess and compare the presence of personality disorders in smokers and in subjects with cocaine dependence at the beginning of the treatment, with the use of the Spanish version of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II; Millon, 1997). The sample was composed of 304 subjects, 102 of them in treatment for cocaine dependence, and 202 attending a smoking cessation treatment. The results show signifi cant differences between the two groups in all personality scales, except in the dependent and the histrionic scales. We found that cocaine-dependent patients obtain higher scores than smokers in the hypomania, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, psychotic, psychotic delusion, sincerity and alteration scales. We conclude that the personality profi le of cocaine-dependent patients is signifi cantly different from the smokers' profile.


The purpose of this study was to investigate regular and special education teachers' perceptions of their role in a collaborative teaching model .. The subjeqts of this study were (N=39) from elementary, middle, and high school levels. A self-developed survey was used in collecting data for this research. Responses were categorized as either regular or special education, and how much question items were representative of each teacher's particular classroom situation. An independent sample t-test was used to determine any significant differences between the perceptions of regular and special education teachers. A Pearson-r was used to examine any significant relationships between the amount of time spent co-planning, the number of years teaching, and the number of years collaboratively teaching with the teachers' overall perception of their role in a collgboratively taught classroom. Results of the study revealed that there was a significant relationship (r=.35 E ~.05) between the amount of co-planning time and teachers' perceptions of their role in a collaborative classroom. Teacher Perceptions 4


The purpose of this sudy is to describe the education sysem and fnd out the Arabiclearning curriculum in Malaysia in terms of objectives, methods, and evaluation.This research is a research in the form of library research that is qualitative innature and takes the object of curriculum research documents in Arabic learningin Malaysia. The data used as a source of writing are archives from the Minisryof Education of Malaysia which are accessed via the internet, and several articlesrelating to the sudy. The results of the sudy indicate that the Arabic languagelearning curriculum in Malaysia aims to have four language skills, but has not yetreached the sage of interacting and communicating, both verbally and in writing.The method used in Malaysia is the inquiry method, cooperative, etc. As for inMalaysia, the evaluation was carried out in summative and formative assessments.


The spread of Covid-19 has widened to have an impact in rural areas, one of which is Geneng village, Geneng District, Ngawi Regency. Many of the people of Geneng village are affected in various areas of their livelihood, including as employees of a textile factory, bridal makeup, school canteen keepers, building contractors (migrants) so that the village community becomes unemployed. The condition of the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic is also very worrying in the health sector, the need for all elements to maintain body immunity. The Back To Villange Real Work Lecture Program at the University of Jember provides concrete evidence of providing entrepreneurial empowerment for people affected by Covid-19 with the herbal beverage entrepreneurial innovation work program "JABAL". The method is carried out with several work programs including the introduction of target communities, manufacturing products, marketing products, and making kkn classes. Introduction of target communities by providing socialization of work programs, K3 training with target communities. Products produced that have collaborated with the target community consist of 5 variants, namely ginger, kencur, turmeric, ginger and wedang uwuh. The manufacture is in collaboration with five target village communities and the recipe for the product is obtained from recipes derived from their ancestors. Product packaging also needs to be paid attention to where the product packaging includes three things, namely brand, packaging and label. Product marketing is carried out online and offline. The program was carried out with the aim of helping people whose work was affected by Covid-19 and developing the potential of Geneng Village, Geneng District, Kab. Ngawi .


Abstract If ℝn is partially ordered by a generating closed cone K, then (ℝn, K) is a pre-Riesz space. We show for a disjointness preserving bijection T on (ℝn, K) that the inverse of T is also disjointness preserving. We prove that for T there is k ∈ 𝒫(b) such that T k is band preserving, where b is the number of bands in (ℝn, K), and 𝒫(b) the set of orders of permutations on b symbols.


A theoretical background is developed for the understanding of the role of particulate interactions in three-phase reactors resulting from turbulent motion, with special application to the Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit. The characteristic times between two collisions in a mixture of catalyst particles and liquid droplets in a gas, the strength of aggregates and efficiency of particle collisions are discussed. A new model has been developed to describe the interaction process between a hot particle, e.g. a catalyst: particle, and a liquid droplet. The vaporization from the droplet surface results in a overpressure in the film around the droplet, thus preventing the droplets and catalysts particles touching each other (similar to the so-called Leidenfrost: phenomenon). A balance of the relevant forces in combination with the heat balance permits the calculation of both the time-dependent distance between the particle and the droplet and the diameter of the evaporating droplet. 10 refs.


Plautus's Amphitruo exemplifies remarkably the process whereby, over a period of millennia, old texts enter into new ones. In the Renaissance, with its reference to "tragicomedy," the play contributed to the wide European interest in the possibilities of mixing dramatic genres. In England this developed into a mingling of comic, romantic, and mystical strands of drama perfected in Shakespeare's Cymbeline. Other texts discussed are the anonymous Jack Jugeler and Birth of Hercules, and Thomas Heywood's Silver Age, as well as the little-known "supplement" to Plautus's play. This was a sizeable addition to the defective text of Amphitruo in Latin written by an unknown fifteenth-century author, found in many editions of Plautus, and enhancing the play's central concern with identity.


The modal abundance of clinopyroxene (cpx) in mantle peridotite is a major factor in controlling the lithophile trace element budget of the lithospheric mantle. The abundance of cpx (along with garnet in some peridotites) strongly influences physical properties such as denisty. It is therefore critical to understand the origin and timing of cpx formation within mantle samples if we are to understand the potential temporal controls on the chemical and physical evolution of the continental lithosphere. We have investigated the possible origins of cpx in mantle xenoliths using detailed in situ Sr isotope and trace element analyses of individual cpx crystals (MicroMill and TIMS). We present results from Greenland, a craton with highly depleted lithosphere, where cpx is scarce, and Kimberley, Kaapvaal craton, where cpx is more abundant, along with other evidence of metasomatism. Greenland peridotites show remarkably homogenous Sr isotope values (0.703607 to 0.703672) with no isochronous relationship. Trace element concentrations show considerable variation but this does not correlate with the limited isotope variation or with textural characteristics. Cpx from Kimberley peridotites have much more radiogenic Sr istopes. One sample we have studied in detail contains much more variable, nonisochronous Sr isotopes (0.70586 to 0.70412). This sample is also characterised by considerable variation in trace element abundances. Homogeneous isotopic compositions in some samples, coupled with varied trace element concentrations are inconsistent with long term enrichment or depletion implying that the majority of cpx is a recent metasomatic addition to the lithosphere. A global compilation of Sr isotope data for both onand off-craton cpx mineral separates shows that the majority of cpx has a similar Sr isotope composition to OIB/MORB indicating that cpx is a metasomatic addition from a melt originating in the convecting mantle. In rarer cases where Sr isotope variation is marked, melt interacted with a more enriched component, possibly from an older event, in the lithosphere, or the cpx could have formed from a precursor mineral. However this is not representative of the majority of mantle cpx. An important implication of these results is that the lithospheric mantle, contrary to common assumption, may not have been an incompatible element enriched reservoir throughout its history. New views about the composition of Mercury's core and its magnetic field origin VALÉRIE MALAVERGNE, SOPHIE BERTHET AND JOHN JONES Université Paris Est, Laboratoire des Géomatériaux et Géologie de l'Ingénieur (G2I), EA 4119, 5 boulevard Descartes, Champs sur Marne, 77454 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area boulevard, Houston, TX, USA NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058 USA


This project presents an advance lighting system to minimize the wastage of electrical power and save electricity. For this purpose we are using Arduino, Light Dependent Resistor(LDR) and Passive Infrared (PIR) motion sensor. Light will be switched on when LDR detects motion. We are using LDR to reduce unnecessary wastage of power during daytime and increase the efficiency of system. This project can also work as a security system. This project can also be used in street light system. This system can turn the lights on and off automatically depending on the traffic flow.


Chelating bis(acyclic diaminocarbene) ligands can be prepared by addition of diamines or hydrazines to coordinated isocyanide ligands in a process that resembles self-assembly. This procedure is potentially generalizable to a range of structurally and electronically diverse bis(carbene) ligands with catalytic utility. A series of 12 palladium complexes of 5-membered chelate bis(carbene) ligands have been prepared by a simple aqueous protocol and screened to identify moderately active, air tolerant Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling catalysts. Aryl isocyanide synthons provided more structurally elaborate acyclic diaminocarbenes, including chiral examples that supported enantioselective electrophilic catalysis at palladium. These carbene ligands have distinct stereoelectronic properties that complement those of the widely used N-heterocyclic carbenes.


In the era of knowledge, innovation has become one of the most important competitive advantages of leading organizations. Hence, these organizations are trying to develop their innovative performance in order to maintain their competitive position. One of the effective methods in this context is the successful implementation of knowledge management in organizations. In this context, the present study focuses on the central question that how knowledge management can contribute in the development of innovative performance of organizations. For monitoring the impact of three main stages of KM process (i.e. knowledge creation, knowledge sharing and knowledge application) on two types of organizational innovation (administrative innovation and innovation of process) are investigated. The research method is descriptive and correlational. Statistical population consists of 270 top managers and experts of organization that using random sampling, 150 persons were selected as the sample.


This inquiry is a critical first step in understanding and acknowledging deficiencies within our current approach to Environmental Infrastructure. From this basis, a greater level of discussion and review is possible, ultimately leading to reforms which will enhance and protect the provision, access and quality of our communities' Environmental Infrastructure, making more livable and healthy environments for future generations.


BACKGROUND/AIMS
To evaluate the relationship between chemosensitivities in vitro and expressions of multidrug resistance (MDR) associated factors in differentiated gastric carcinomas.

METHODOLOGY
Gastric carcinomas tissues of varying degree of differentiation (65 cases) were collected and chemosensitivities to 5-FU, HCPT, PTX, L-OHP, CDDP and eADM were detected by sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay, and expressions of P-gp, GST-π, Topo IIα, p53, Bcl-2, Bax and Survivin were tested by immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTS
Inhibition rates of 5-FU, L-OHP and CDDP for well differentiated tumors were lower than those of poorly differentiated tumors (p<0.05). Expressions of P-gp, Bcl-2 and Survivin were higher in well differentiated than in poorly differentiated carcinomas (p<0.05); while expression of Topo IIα in well differentiated carcinomas was lower than in poorly differentiated carcinomas (p<0.05). The expression of MDR factors was different between well and poorly differentiated carcinomas.

CONCLUSIONS
Different MDR characteristics were exhibited in well and poorly differentiated gastric carcinomas, which may be caused by different expressed MDR associated factors in these tissues.


On 1 August 2016, a few days prior to National Women's Day, the Limpopo (Thohoyandou) Division of the High Court handed down a landmark judgment for women's rights in South Africa. In Ramuhovhi v The President of the Republic of South Africa, Lamminga AJ held section 7(1) of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 (the Recognition Act) to be unconstitutional and invalid on the basis that it discriminates unjustifiably against women in polygamous customary marriages, concluded prior to the commencement of the Act, on the grounds of gender, race and ethnic and social origin. Section 7(1) stipulates that, '[t]he proprietary consequences of a customary marriage entered into before the commencement of this Act continue to be governed by customary law', and this law – at least the ossified official version of it – entrenches 'a particularly crude and gendered form of inequality which [has] left women and children singularly marginalised and vulnerable'. The Recognition Act had sought to address this inequality. Indeed, this rather belated but nonetheless 'welcome and ambitious legislative effort' aims 'to remedy the historical humiliation and exclusion meted out to spouses in customary marriages'. Unfortunately, as s 7(1) makes plain, under the Act these remedial measures have not been extended to all spouses in customary marriages, for solely those those women in 'new' customary marriages (i.e. marriages concluded after the commencement of the Act) have been afforded protection in terms of matrimonial property. The seminal Constitutional Court judgment in Gumede (born Shange) v President of the Republic of South Africa extended this protection to women in 'old'


An algorithm for assessing maintainability was developed, followed by verification of the adjusted process in service centers. As an example, the technical process of disassembling the electronic module of the ignition switch was simulated, the maintainability of the components was assessed, and corrective actions were proposed.


Due to the development of international and domestic trade, the growing important of related freight transport services is increasingly. This paper is intended to discuss the factors affecting the utilization of rail freight services in Malaysia. Three factors were identified which include price, time, location and physical. The data are obtained through a questionnaire which has been structured accordingly and distributed to the respondents. The sample collected were 103 through online questionnaire survey. In this study, the data are analysed using descriptive, normality, reliability, and multiple linear regression. All independent variables such as price, time, location and physical were found to show have significant relationship with the utilization of rail freight services in Malaysia. Although sample collected were from different background, but majority were collected in Western Malaysia, may not represent the entire haulage operator and freight customer in Malaysia. The duration of the study further increases the limitation whereby only 3 to 4 months to complete the entire research. Resources in related fields are limited. The use of rail freight services requires more investment, resources, and costs. Finally, the study's findings should help shifting the preference among haulage companies in the use of rail transportation in an effective, efficiency and environmentally friendly way, to increase the utilization rate of rail freight services in Malaysia. This study increases haulage operator and freight customer knowledge and awareness regarding the adoption of rail freight services. This study also encourages the haulage operator and consumer to use sustainable rail transport services. The paper marks an early contribution to the study on factors that affect the utilization of rail freight services in Malaysia.


We obtain minimal (2+1) and (2+2) dimensional global flat embeddings of uncharged and charged dilatonic black holes in (1+1) dimensions, respectively. Moreover, we obtain the Hawking temperatures and the black hole ones of these dilatonic black holes. However, even though the minimal flat embedding structures are mathematically meaningful, through this minimal embeddings the proper entropies are shown to be unattainable, contrast to the cases of other black holes in (2+1) or much higher dimensions. Typeset using REVTEX electronic address:firstname.lastname@example.com electronic address:firstname.lastname@example.com electronic address:firstname.lastname@example.com electronic address:email@example.com 1


An indole is not an indole when it is a naphthalene derivative!

We routinely measure 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) by a long-established method using nitrosonaphthol, as first described by Udenfriend in 1955 (1), but with various modifications to improve specificity (2). The profession's elder statesmen may well recall the method of Hanson and Serin (3) using Erlich's reagent.

Although the Udenfriend method is very specific for 5-hydroxyindoles, it is subject to interference, probably the most documented being that from acetaminophen and …


into an alkaline or acidic solution. We thus learned it is not magic but pH and also went on to learn about the hows and whys, higher and lower pH, about acids, bases and neutral solutions. The other well-known paper-based diagnostic kit that is used mostly in the privacy of one's home is the commonly available pregnancy test kit. There are other paper-based kits too that have been developed for detecting CSIR TECHNOLOGY SHOWCASE


Situational crime prevention and CPtED (Crime Prevention through Environmental Design) strategies have been broadly criticized within much of theoretical criminology. Most of these criticisms dismantle the notion of the fully rational criminal actor, questioning the shaky ground of classical criminology on which its claims are made. Through positioning hyper-regulated city centres as post-social, post-political 'non-places' of consumption, this article builds upon these critiques arguing that attempts to 'design out crime' create environments which are not only doomed to fail in their primary objective, but actively create environments which perpetuate and exacerbate the decline in symbolic efficiency and the narcissistic, competitive-individualist and asocial subjectivities which, as recent work from left-wing criminology consistently reveals, have the capacity to significantly contribute to forms of harm, crime and deviance.


Haida is a linguistic isolate spoken on Prince of Wales Island in south-east Alaska and on the Queen Charlotte Islands of British Columbia. Swanton (1911:267) asserts there is one basic order for Haida sentences having noun constituents (Subject-Object-Verb) and another for sentences with pronoun constituents (Object-Subject-Verb). When nouns and pronouns both occur, it is the noun that precedes, regardless of whether it is the syntactic Subject or Object. Eastman claims there is "no one basic order typology in terms of the order of meaningful elements in sentences, although both an SOV and OSV order are common" (1979:148). Edwards (1978:7) suggests that "in Haida linear ordering with respect to Subject is less important than the classification of the element as noun or pronoun and its communicative importance." In this paper, constituent order will be seen to be a determinant of information focus in Haida utterances from the point of view of the analyst.


In the order of prestige, wealth equals production. *A rich country produces in abundance innumerable commodities, vast quantities of knowledge, extraordinary images and huge amounts of garbage. For the very act of discarding carries a certain status. What happens with those who not only produce little but reject or, ultimately, ignore what they do produce? How can one speak of a visual culture in a country like Ecuador, where only 36 feature-length fiction films have ever been produced? What interest could these fictions hold? Perhaps the negative logic of that small number points towards what is absent in Ecuadorian culture. These three dozen films do not constitute a negligible number for a cinema that until recently was considered non-existent. Ecuador rarely figures in the narrative of Latin American cinema and when it does so it is always as an appendix to events occurring elsewhere in the Andes. Three or four documentaries made in the 1970s and early 1980s, a mention of Jorge Sanjinés' Fuera de Aqui! – shot in Ecuador – and more recently Ratas, ratones y rateros by the UCLA-trained Sebastián Cordero, nothing else is mentioned. Even the Catálogo de Pelı́culas Ecuatorianas 1922–1996 compiled by the Ecuadorian cinemateca failed to include all the movies that had been produced in the country during those years. At the same time Ecuadorian magazines, encyclopaedias and newspapers purvey false or misleading data. These omissions have much to say about how Latin American film has been studied, showing how criticism has preferred to locate the roots of 'classical' national cinemas rather than search out the connections between the different cinemas produced within the continent. Most of the theoretical and critical work on these issues has been concentrated on the Third Cinemas produced between the 1960s and early 1980s, and 40 years later they remain the paradigm under which Latin American film is studied:


Purpose To explore the CT features of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and to promote the diagnostic accuracy. Materials and Methods The CT images of 11 patients with NHL in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 11 cases of NHL, 8 cases were primary nasal cavity NHL, and 3 cases were primary paranasal sinuses NHL. The lesions of 5/8 cases located in nasal cavity arose mainly from nasal vestibule or anterior part of nasal cavity; 4 cases showed mass effects, 2 cases were infiltrative and 5 cases were mixed. Most of them (9/11) were homogeneous. The cases with mass in paranasal sinuses had obvious bone destruction and expansively bone compression; and the lesions located in the nasal cavity showedunconspicuous or little bone destruction. The adjacent structures were always involved. Conclusion The NHL in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses has some characteristic features on CT images; CT scan plays importantrolein diagnosis of NHL.


Objective:To explore internal fixation methods for treating femoral neck fracture.Methods:Sixteen patients(male 11 and female 5;aged from 39 to 68 years)with femoral neck fractures were reviewed in the study.According to Garden classification,2 were type Ⅰ,6 type Ⅱ,5 type Ⅲ,and 3 type Ⅳ.Reduction was performed under TV X-ray supervision.Making a side margin of 3 cm to become visible at the outside under the wide bulges.Guide pin and temporary pin were drilled.Compressing anti-revolving self-locking intramedullary nail was put into femoral neck along the guide pin to fix the fracture.After guide pin was taken out,the pin core of the fixation nail was planted and then the fixation screw at the tail of the nail was twisted strongly.Results:All the patients were followed up from 163 to 786 days,with an average of 453 days.The evaluation of hip joint function was as follows:9 obtained excellent,5 good,2 fair and non bad.Femoral head necrosis and neck-shaft angle loss did not occur.Conclusion:Compressing anti-revolving self-locking intramedullary nail has the advantage of strong fixation,as well as preventing separation movement,revolving and shearing movement.


This article presents the results of the analysis of the studies of the operation of a modified IEEE-13 distribution feeder, which was built to scale in the laboratory at Universidad del Norte. In this article, we show the cases of the operating regimes of the modified IEEE-13, before the different levels of wind energy penetration. The modified IEEE-13 distribution feeder was built taking into account that each of the scaled modules and their generator-load will work under the conditions of the Universidad del Norte laboratory. An experimental methodology was used to compare the results obtained in the actual scaled model with the results of the simulations in specialized programs. The conclusions of the article show the wind energy that can be injected into an electrical system with conventional power generation so that it can maintain its operation complying with the current regulatory framework.


Numerous theoretical models suggests that business cycles involve nonlinear processes. In this paper we examine whether two parametric, nonlinear time-series models—the bilinear and threshold models—can exploit apparent non-linearity in industrial production to provide forecasts superior to those derived from the standard autoregressive models.


We briefly review observables that were recently proposed in inclusive 3 jet production at hadronic colliders. They are based on azimuthal angle correlations between the final state jets and can be seen as a generalisation of the usual Mueller-Navelet setup. We discuss the stability of the observables once higher order corrections beyond the leading logarithmic accuracy are taken into account. Finally, we give a status report on a related project in which we examine azimuthal angle correlations for Mueller-Navelet jets after imposing a rapidity veto which forbids subsequent minijet emissions to be very close in rapidity.


One of the most distressing symptoms encountered in otology is that of head noises. The patient with a persistent tinnitus complains most bitterly of the annoying tones he is obliged to endure. As a rule he does not object so much to the loss of hearing as to the constant head noises, and in the majority of cases the patient is willing to sacrifice his hearing and become totally deafened if, by so doing, he would be relieved of the constant roaring in his head.


An antibody layer was fabricated to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7. The micropattem of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (16-MHDA) as alkylthiolate was formed on the gold surface by using the PDMS stamp with microcontact printing (μCP) techniques. In order to form antibody patterns on the template, protein G was chemically bound to the 16-MHDA patterns, and antibody was adsorbed on a self-assembled protein G layer. The formation of the 16-MHDA micropattem, self-assembled protein G layer and antibody pattern on Au substrate was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. Finally, the micropatteming method was applied to fabricate the antibody probe for detection of E. coli O157:H7, and monitoring of antigen by using this probe was successfully achieved.


Nitrophenols can be obtained via nitrosation–oxidation of phenols with Oxone®, NaNO2 and wet SiO2 at room temperature in moderate to high yields. In situ generation of HNO2 and the radical cation mechanism via the nitrous acid catalysed (NAC) pathway or hydrogen abstraction involving NO2 appear to be applicable to phenol nitration using these reagents.


One cannot falsely judge that one exists, but that is not because the proposition I exist is a necessary truth. Rather, it is because its truth is somehow guaranteed by one's affirming it. Relatedly, the Moorean proposition It will rain, but I don't believe it will rain is not a necessary falsehood. But it still is arguably one that cannot be correctly judged to be true, since one's doing so would in some sense guarantee its falsity. These facts are sometimes supposed to account for the rationality of cogito-like judgments, and the irrationality of Moorean ones. But if so, we are left with a puzzle. The necessary truth that cogito-like judgments are self-verifying can hardly entail the contingent truth that one exists, or even provide nondeductive evidential support for it. Likewise, that Moorean judgments are self-falsifying neither contradicts nor provides evidence against the possibility that it will rain despite one's failing to believe it. So it is hard to see why these facts about self-verification and self-falsification should matter to the rationality of the corresponding judgments, so long as we think judgments are subject to conventional evidentialist epistemic norms. This puzzles can be resolved, I argue, by supposing judgments to be subject to norms of practical reason. But at what cost?


This paper presents a case study on implementing the Octalysis Framework in a high school mental health course in China. The study aims to engage and motivate students by incorporating gamification strategies. The paper provides an overview of the Octalysis Framework and discusses its selection for the course design. The implementation process, including specific gamification strategies and game mechanics, is described in detail. The student feedback indicates positive outcomes, demonstrating the effectiveness of the Octalysis Framework in engaging students in mental health education. The paper concludes by discussing the broader implications of the study's findings and application of gamification in mental health education in China.


when it is evaluated, by whom, and with what methodologies' (Chilisa et al. 2016). This can be referred Background: Decolonisation is a concept that has taken on multiple layers since the end of colonisation and the onset of independence in the Global South. More than ever before, decolonialism, decoloniality and indigenisation have moved to the centre of intellectual inquiry across the broad spectrum of human activity: knowledge production, education, academic disciplines, professions, political life and economic organisation. The evaluation profession and fraternity has also been grappling with the idea of decolonising and indigenising its ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations, which are essentially rooted in the Global North development theory, practice and knowledge systems. Objectives: This article endeavours to provide recommendations on how to make the Made in Africa Evaluation (MAE) paradigm practical (applicable) for evaluators in Africa, based on decolonisation and indigenisation methodological prescriptions. Method: The study is qualitative by design, employing document analysis and the authors' observation on development and evaluation practice in Africa and globally. Results: The emergent practice of evaluation is only experiencing decolonial scrutiny in the 21st century. In the African context, the MAE paradigm appears to be the continent's decolonisation and indigenisation project for the evaluation fraternity. Conclusion: Building an Afrocentric, decolonised and indigenous MAE paradigm and approach requires a coordinated effort on building scholarship on the topic of MAE approaches and methodologies. Once there is sufficient documentation of the MAE approach, it should become easier to advance Afrocentric evaluation as mainstream discourse alongside the more established and neoliberal development and evaluation discourse.


Olefins prepared by: the reaction in a liquid medium, under hydrogen atmosphere at temperature 50 ℃ to 250 ℃, the halogen-based catalyst is preferably a catalyst based on the presence of iodine, so vicinal polyhydric alcohols or esters thereof, or combinations thereof reductive dehydroxylation. Examples may comprise independently or in situ generated catalyst is iodine (I2), hydroiodic acid (HI), iodic acid (HIO3), lithium iodide (LiI), and combinations thereof.


It provides therapeutic compounds with high resistance to deamination and inactivation by metabolic enzymes. Wherein the compound is included nucleotide analogs, and amine groups in order to prevent the deamination of free amine and / or derivatized with a thioamine group nucleotide analogues. The compounds, neoplastic disorders, infectious diseases of fungal or fungal-like organisms, and treatment of infections of parasites, can be used for various therapy.


We investigate the effects of a temperature-dependent shear viscosity over entropy density ratio eta/s on the flow anisotropy coefficients v_2 and v_4 in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. We find that v_4 is more sensitive to the viscosity at low temperatures than v_2. At RHIC v_2 is mostly affected by the viscosity around the phase transition, but the larger the collision energy, the more the quark-gluon plasma viscosity affects v_2.


For Drug delivery systems using biopolymer nanofibres, chopped nanofibres are required because the amount of drug to be released depends on the length of the fibre. Electrospinning is a simple method used in fabricating polymer nanofibres. In this work the non-continuous-mode electrospinning technique has been successfully used to fabricate and chop nanofibres. Results obtained with samples of a synthetic polymer, polyethylene oxide (PEO) and blends of the natural biopolymer alginate with PEO are presented.


This illustrated book provides an innovative reinterpretation of the Cultural Revolution through the medium of the poster - a major component of popular print culture in China. Using 30 full colour and as many black-and-white reproductions of posters from the University of Westminster collection, an eminent group of scholars explores the discursive power of visual artforms in Chinese public life. The contributors provide an interdisciplinary analysis of political art produced for a Chinese audience. At the same time, they acknowledge the importance of subjectivity in elucidating important cultural facets of a significant revolutionary period. The book was one of the first to explore the historical and aesthetic significance of the posters of that period, and is now a staple text of the sub-field.


Purpose: To evaluate the treatment outcome in patients with mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in terms of response to treatment, progression-free and overall survivals as well as prognostic factors. Patients and Methods: Between 1995 and 2002, 40 patients with clinical stages (CS) I-IV MALT lymphoma were treated at NEMROCK. The progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OAS) were calculated using the Kaplan Meier technique. Thirty-one patients (77.5%) had CS I-II and 9 (22.5%) had CS III-IV disease. Twenty of the 31 CS I-II patients received radiation therapy alone, five patients received chemotherapy, while three patients were treated by triple therapy (Amoxicillin, Omeperazole, Clarithromycin). Among the 9 CS III-IV patients, treatment included chemotherapy alone (6 patients), chemoradiation (2 patients) and surgery (one patient). The median followup period was 40 months. Results: 19 out of twenty patients with CS I-II treated by radiation therapy alone had a 95% response rate (CR 85% - PR 10%). Among the study population (40 patients), the 5 year OAS and PFS were 86% and 66%, respectively. The 5 year OAS was 86% and PFS was 72% among CS III patients; the corresponding estimates in CS III-IV patients were 70% and 28%, respectively. Using multivariate analysis, there was a significant correlation between the stage of the disease, site of presentation (non GIT) and the overall survival. Conclusion: Modest doses of radiation therapy provide better local control in patients with early stage MALT lymphoma. The poor PFS in advanced staged disease suggests the need for further clinical trials evaluating novel drug approaches taking into consideration the biological behavior and the indolent nature of such disease entity.


Classical Hamiltonian systems with balanced loss and gain are considered in this review. A generic Hamiltonian formulation for systems with space-dependent balanced loss and gain is discussed. It is shown that the loss-gain terms may be removed completely through appropriate co-ordinate transformations with its effect manifested in modifying the strength of the velocity-mediated coupling. The effect of the Lorentz interaction in improving the stability of classical solutions as well as allowing a possibility of defining the corresponding quantum problem consistently on the real line, instead of within Stokes wedges, is also discussed. Several exactly solvable models based on translational and rotational symmetry are discussed which include coupled cubic oscillators, Landau Hamiltonian etc. The role of PT -symmetry on the existence of periodic solution in systems with balanced loss and gain is critically analyzed. A few non- PT -symmetric Hamiltonian as well as non-Hamiltonian systems with balanced loss and gain, which include mechanical as well as extended system, are shown to admit periodic solutions. An example of Hamiltonian chaos within the framework of a non- PT -symmetric system of coupled Duffing oscillator with balanced loss-gain and/or positional non-conservative forces is discussed. It is conjectured that a non- PT -symmetric system with balanced loss-gain and without any velocity mediated interaction may admit periodic solution if the linear part of the equations of motion is necessarily PT symmetric —the nonlinear interaction may or may not be PT -symmetric. Further, systems with velocity mediated interaction need not be PT -symmetric at all in order to admit periodic solutions. Results related to nonlinear Schrödinger and Dirac equations with balanced loss and gain are mentioned briefly. A class of solvable models of oligomers with balanced loss and gain is presented for the first time along with the previously known results.


CLASSROOM TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST ACADEMY PRINCIPAL'S EFFECTIVENESS IN THE LAKE UNION CONFERENCE by Ritch Enos Kacelenga Chairman: Edward A. S tree te r, Ed.D. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Doctoral D issertationOF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Doctoral D issertation Andrews University Department of Education T it le : CLASSROOM TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST ACADEMY PRINCIPAL'S EFFECTIVENESS IN THE LAKE UNION CONFERENCE. Name of researcher: Ritch Enos Kacelenga Name and t i t l e of faculty adviser: Edward A. S treeter, Ed.D. Date completed: April 1983. Problem In the Seventh-day Adventist educational system, a need exists fo r research concerning the interpersonal relationshios between school principals and teachers, p a rtic u la rly regarding the way in which teachers perceive the p rin c ip a l's ro le . A school principal is in the unique position of being able, independently, to a ffe c t the func tioning o f an en tire school s ta f f . The teachers' oerceptions of the principal a ffe c t th e ir interpersonal relationships and, consequently, the school clim ate. There is a need to know about this aspect in order to work cut e ffec tive ore-service and in-service tra in ing for school principals . ? Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Method All teachers in the ten academies of the Lake Union Conference served as the population sample. A questionnaire was used to co llect data from the teachers regarding th e ir perceptions o f an SDA academy orinc ipa l's effectiveness in fiv e functional areas o f administration. The data were f i r s t analyzed descrip tive ly . Then four hypotheses were tested fo r s ta t is t ic a l significance by independent t te s t and one-way analysis of variance for repeated measures. Conclusions 1. Teachers d iffe red s lig h tly in th e ir perceptions of the prin  c ipa l's effectiveness in the fiv e functional areas of adm inistration. 2. Overall results showed that teachers strongly agreed that the orincipal was e ffe c tiv e in sp iritu a l clim ate. 3. Teachers also agreed that the principal was e ffec tive in management. The school principal needed to improve in the other areas, especially in school-community re lations . A. Teachers with most experience in teaching (ten or more years of teaching) perceived the principal to be most e ffe c tiv e in school management and least e ffe c tiv e in curriculum and instruction . Recommendations 1. Academy orincipals should attempt to discover how the classroom teachers perceive the p rincipals ' effectiveness and try to enter into some kind o f dialogue between themselves and the teachers for mutual development in th e ir re lations. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. i.. When h iring academy p rin c ip a ls , preference should be given to candidates who demonstrate a b i l i t y to lis te n to others and are s k il lfu l in human relations as well as in adm inistrative and super vising competencies. 3. Teachers' perceptions of p rin c ip a l's effectiveness can be used as part of a needs assessment in order to plan a practical and e ffec tive in -serv ice training for those academy principals already on


The review focused on global trends in the development of scientific research and the practical applications of chitosan in food technology in recent years. Chitin and its derivative chitosan obtaining from the crustacean shells and the cell wall of fungi are among the most common biopolymers in the world. Chitosan is a polysaccharide discerned by a large number of unsubstituted amino groups. Featured properties of chitosan providing its high chemical and biological activities. Chitosan has various abilities as polycationite, film former, antimicrobial and antioxidant agent. Multifunctional properties open up broad prospects for the chitosan applications in various fields of technology, medicine and industry. The most attention in the review is paid to the works on extending food products shelf life with chitosan based primary edible film coatings and biodegradable packaging. At the same time chitosan applications as an emulsifier, a flocculant, as well as functional food additive, nutrient encapsulating material and dietary supplement are highlighted.


The opportunity to create wealth in countries not encouraged by itself, is created at the microeconomic level, where perfect working practices and business strategies, where marks a critical role quality macroeconomic business environment which they operate, this set of features contribute to the generation of competitive advantage of a country, which makes it different from another, as said Michael Porter in his book "Competitive Advantage of Nations" Based on this theory, this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of marketing a service that is offered in Ecuador, but for different conditions of productivity Colombia has developed a better way, allowing you to offer it at a lower price. This service is refractive eye surgeries, specifically to take Pap smear in the city Santiago de Cali targeting patients in the province of Pichincha. Chapter I set out the definitions of refractive errors, what are the symptoms and causes, and explain the functions of the eye to better understand at what point an error of refraction…


At present, the transportation industry is developing rapidly. Studying intelligent highway systems in the Internet of Things (IoT) context is of practical significance. This paper aims to promote the comprehensive integration of modern information technology with transportation facility management and operation management. Firstly, the fundamental nature and laws of IoT and intelligent transportation are studied. Based on the current situation, the feasibility of developing intelligent transportation based on the IoT technology of the highway is analyzed. Secondly, the design requirements of the highway Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) are analyzed. Then, the overall architecture of the highway ITS is designed by comprehensively using various advanced information, communication, and control technologies guided by demand analysis and relying on the technology platform of the IoT. It is identified as three layers: a perceptual layer, a transport layer, and an application layer. Finally, the main application function design of the highway ITS is carried out. The results show that: 1) the efficiency and effectiveness of the maintenance management system in dealing with emergencies before equipment failure is much higher than that of the traditional highway management system; 2) after using the updated system, user experience satisfaction and executive experience satisfaction have improved. It is more ideal than traditional highway traffic processing methods; and 3) expectation of the public for the innovative system designed here is 4.8. It reveals that the proposed intelligent transportation system meets the expectation of the majority of the public for highway traffic management. The purpose of this paper is to promote the development of transportation informatization and intelligence, improve the efficiency of the transportation system, and enhance the safety of transportation through IoT information technology.


Segregation becomes one of the big problems in industrial powder processes. This paper describes the influence of hopper shape on segregation. Change of the volume rate was evaluated when two size of particles (2 mm, 6 mm) were discharged from the hopper. In this study, effects of hopper diameter and slope angle on the segregation was investigated numerically. First, the influence of hopper inlet diameter was studied. As it decreased, segregation in last 10% flow became less prominent. Next, the influence of hopper slope was studied. As its slope was smaller, segregation was easy to occur. From observation of powder flow, funnel flow was occurred, and then large-sized particles moved to central area on the surface of powder bed by the rolling segregation. It was suggested that the difference of the vertical velocity between particles near the wall and that of center caused the rolling segregation.


For some time we have known that the standard big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) strongly limits the amount of baryonic matter in the universe. The recently proposed inhomogeneous nucleosynthesis2 (IN) would invalidate that bound. In view of this possibility, we review constraints from the isotropy of the microwave background on pure baryonic universes and show that these constraints are not likely to be avoided by hiding the baryons in ''lumps'' left over from an inhomogeneous nucleosynthesis era.


This paper analyses the performance of an investment in sculptures during the period 1987-1995 by applying the hedonic price technique with time dummy variables to a sample of over 27,000 sales occured at auctions. The main finding is that the trend of the rate of return on an investment in sculptures is more stable than those associated to alternative forms of investment during the analysed period.


Exposure to one or more serovars of Leptospira interrogans was observed in five of six sampled elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) killed in November 1993, from an isolated herd in southwest Washington, USA (46°45′N, 123°6′W). In April 1994, exposure to L. interrogans serovars was documented in nine of 11 captured cow elk from the same herd. Leptospiras were not isolated from any of the exposed elk, and 10 of the 11 cows were pregnant. The high seroprevalence is evidence that exposure is widespread in the herd. Local productivity of elk was high, however, and the surrounding topography was not conducive for transmission to other elk populations.


The dissolution of polyethylene oxide (PEO) tablets in water has been followed in situ by neutron radiography. When in contact with water, the crystalline phase of semi-crystalline PEO melts once a certain water content is attained. Polymer concentration profiles obtained from the neutron transmission images exhibited a pronounced kink which corresponds to a sharp front in the images and which is related to the melting transition. Sharp diffusion fronts and phase transitions are often linked to non-Fickian behaviour. However, by considering the time evolution of the complete concentration profiles in detail it is shown that the dissolution process can be explained using Fickian diffusion equations with a concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient.


We have developed new 2D and 3D experiments for the measurement of C–H residual dipolar coupling constants in C and N labelled proteins. Two experiments, 2D (HNCO)-(J-CA)NH and 3D (HN)CO-(J-CA)NH, sample the C–H splitting by means of C magnetization, while 2D (J-HACACO)NH and 3D J-HA(CACO)NH use H magnetization to achieve a similar result. In the 2D experiments the coupling evolution is superimposed on the evolution of the N chemical shifts and the IPAP principle is used to obtain H–N HSQC-like spectra from which the splitting is determined. The use of a third dimension in 3D experiments reduces spectral overlap to the point where use of an IPAP scheme may not be necessary. The length of the sampling interval in the J-dimension of these experiments is dictated solely by the relaxation properties of C or H nuclei. This was made possible by the use of C selective pulses in combination with either a DPFGSE or modified BIRD pulses. Inclusion of these pulse sequence elements in the J-evolution periods removes unwanted spin–spin interactions. This allows prolonged sampling periods ( 25 ms) yielding higher precision C–H splitting determination than is achievable with existing frequency based methods. 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


Technology allows users to interact with a wide variety of information and services. However, more and more users need to integrate complementary content to previously accessed information. Crossmedia applications combine different information pieces, which are stored in different media, as a continuous story. Our study selects the particular case of combining printed material and internet resources for the purpose of delivering complementary information to users. Our investigation conducts a workshop with users composed of a scenario-driven interview and a talk-aloud protocol. This experiment reveals the behavior and difficulties of users when they are combining digital and non-digital media to gather complementary information. In addition, some recommendation is suggested focused on the improvement of the user's experience in crossmedia application that should be considered by designers.


Argues that Étienne Balibar's political philosophy innovates a complex constellation of concepts aimed at reviving and renewing the great tradition of radical democracy. Yet, not only is Balibar's concept of rights the most exorbitant in his conceptual armory, but it is also the conceptual fulcrum on which his political philosophy pivots: without its particular normative insistence, the constellation falls to pieces.


Recently, considerable research has been reported on the design of network coverage, but mostly relies on static sensors. This paper investigates the coverage problem by using mobile wireless sensor networks, which aims to coordinate the mobile sensors to achieve 2-coverage. Under the premises of connectivity and 2-coverage, a sensor placement method is proposed. In order to prolong the network lifetime, a switch method is provided to operate the sleeping mode of sensors. Additionally, a potential-based algorithm is proposed to drive the sensors to the desired coverage position, where collision avoidance problem can be solved. Based on Lyapunov theory, it is proved that the proposed algorithm is convergent. The simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Plants of Current Interest. The finest display in the Arboretum is still along the valley of the Bussey Brook and at the foot of Hemlock Hill. Though the Rhododendrons are rapidly dropping their brilliant trumpets, the Mountain Laurel is quite as rapidly coming into flower and while not so gorgeous in its coloring it is even lovelier in its general effect in the landscape. Further up the valley the conifers, with their clean new foliage are now as beautiful as if they were in flower. The blue spruces and silver firs are their very bluest and the Nikko Fir (Abtes homolepi~) is a symphony of contrasting greens; the old foliage is a dark bluish green, the new foliage much lighter, and the bloom on the backs of the needles a soft gray blue. At the very head of the valley close to the Walter Street Gate, the Japanese Golden Larch (P~eudolur~x amabilas) is in full leaf. Its soft green needles, borne in whorls, are exquisite in their form and arrangement and well repay a close examination. The young cones, on the higher branches, are already large enough to be attractive. They are quite unlike the cones of other conifers in their general effect and look rather like clusters of pale green roses set along the upper side of the branches. They will continue to be a lovely sight all through the summer and early fall and will drop to pieces, scale by scale, just as the tree loses its needles for the winter.


Winter wheat–summer fallow is the conventional cropping system employed on >1·5 million ha within the Columbia Plateau of eastern Washington and northern Oregon. Wind erosion contributes to poor air quality in the region, yet little is known concerning the magnitude of soil and PM10 (particulate matter of ≤10 µm in aerodynamic diameter) loss from agricultural lands. Therefore, loss of soil and PM10 was assessed from a silt loam in eastern Washington during 2003 and 2004. Field sites were maintained in fallow using conventional tillage practices in 2003 (9 ha field) and 2004 (16 ha field) and instrumented to assess horizontal soil flux and PM10 concentrations at the windward and leeward positions in the field during high‐wind events. Soil flux was measured using creep and airborne sediment collectors while PM10 concentrations were measured using high‐volume PM10 samplers. Aggregate size distribution of parent soil and eroded sediment was characterized by rotary and sonic sieving. Six high‐wind events occurred over the two year period, with soil loss ranging from 43 kg ha−1 for the 12–22 September 2003 event to 2320 kg ha−1 for the 27–29 October 2003 event. Suspension‐sized particulates (<100 µm in diameter) comprised ≥90 per cent of the eroded sediment, indicating that direct suspension may be an important process by which the silt loam eroded. The corresponding loss of PM10 for these two events ranged from 5 to 210 kg ha−1. Loss of PM10 comprised 9–12 per cent of the total soil loss for the six events. This study suggests that the relatively small loss of PM10 from eroding agricultural fields maintained in summer fallow can affect air quality in the Columbia Plateau. Therefore, alternative tillage practices or cropping systems are needed for minimizing PM10 emissions and improving air quality in the region. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


PURPOSE
The spatiotemporal index (STI) is one measure of variability. As currently implemented, kinematic data are used, requiring equipment that cannot be used with some patient groups or in scanners. An experiment is reported that addressed whether STI can be extended to an audio measure of sound pressure of the speech envelope over time that did not need specialized equipment.

METHOD
STI indices of variability were obtained from lip track (L-STI) and amplitude envelope (E-STI) signals. These measures were made concurrent while either fluent speakers or speakers who stutter repeated "Buy Bobby a puppy" 20 times.

RESULTS
L-STI and E-STI correlated significantly. STI decreased with age for both L-STI and E-STI. E-STI scores and L-STI scores discriminated successfully between fluent speakers and speakers who stutter.

CONCLUSION
The amplitude-envelope-over-time signal can be used to obtain an STI score. This STI score can be used in situations where lip movement STI scores are precluded.


One hundred and two subjects (40 men and 62 women) neither having a history of neurologic deficits nor showing organic lesions on computed tomographic examination of the brain were studied. Ages of the subjects ranged from 26 to 81 years. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by the xenon‐133 inhalation method, and the volume percentage of brain with respect to the cranial cavity (craniocerebral index) was calculated by means of computer programs. Regional cerebral blood flow was computed as the fast component of two‐compartmental analysis and as the initial slope index value. The percentage of each subject's craniocerebral index in relation to the standard for subjects with non‐atrophied brains (brain volume index) was calculated as the indicator of brain atrophy. Both the mean brain fast component values and the mean brain initial slope index values correlated closely with the brain volume index in the elderly (r = 0.60, r = 0.62; P < 0.0001 in each correlation coefficient). Low cerebral blood flow values coincided with loss of brain substance in the final stage of age‐related brain atrophy, but not in the intermediate stage.


We combine institutional theory with research on discontinuous change to explore the phenomenon of collective inertia — i.e., the sluggish responses to the emergence of a new technology observable among all incumbents in an industry. We start by investigating why collective inertia is particularly likely to occur in the case of a discontinuous technology. Our premise is that technologies become encapsulated in regulatory, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutions. Therefore, technological discontinuities elicit strong isostatic institutional pressures — i.e., coercive, normative, and mimetic forces that render incumbents prone to reject discontinuous technologies and thus explain why collectives of incumbents remain essentially similar, despite exogenous jolts. We also propose that collective inertia varies among industries as a consequence of three moderators of institutional pressures: regulatory stringency, which reinforces coercive pressures to continue relying on the old technology; the influence of template-creating institutions, which amplifies normative pressures to collectively adhere to the technological status quo; and the salience of legitimate leaders, which fosters the collective's tendency to follow particularly inert industry leaders. We highlight the role of legitimacy traps in incumbent responses to discontinuous technologies, propose a more balanced view of legitimacy, delineate differences between isostasy and isomorphism, and discuss other theoretical and practical implications.


Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare solubility, pH, calcium ion release and setting time of Biodentine, Bioaggregate, and Bioactive glass. Materials and Methods: For the weight loss, pH changes and calcium ions release, the tested specimens were immersed in distilled water. The evaluations were performed at 1h, 24h and 7 d. The measurement of pH was done using digital pH meter. The measurement for Ca2+ ions release was done using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The setting time was measured by using a Vicat apparatus. Data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA test and the Tukey post-hoc test at P ≤ 0.05.Results: Biodentine showed the greatest solubility, ultimate increase in pH, and highest calcium ion release at all time intervals and the shortest setting time. Bioactive glass showed alkalinity and moderate Ca2+ release after 1 h that were decreased by time. It also showed negative solubility. Conclusions: Biodentine and Bioaggregate favored proper physico-chemical properties except for solubility it was questionable. Bioactive glass is the best regarding solubility.Keywords: Bioactive glass, Bioaggregate, Biodentine , Physico-Chemical properties.


The paper proposes an approach to solving multidimensional systems of nonlinear equations based on the use of the OpenMP parallelization mechanism and the multicore architecture of modern computers. The software product, which performs the main function the parallelization of the numerical solution of multidimensional SNE by the Newton method, is developed. The paper introduces the algorithm of parallelization of the Black-Scholes algorithm based on OpenMP technology for prediction of the option on the European market is proposed. The analysis of the speed and efficiency of calculations with different number of processor cores is carried out. As a result, appropriate estimates of the acceleration and efficiency coefficients were obtained. The proposed method is easily scaled to a different number of processor cores. A number of numerical experiments were conducted. The obtained results also indicate the possibility of further optimization of the computational process by developing the multi-core architecture of modern computers.


Objective To investigate the effect of hyaluronidase on adhesion induced by soft tissue injury. Methods Thirty-two male SD rats weighing 350~400g were used as animal models. On the 7th postoperative day the animals were randomly divided into two groups of 16 animals: ①control group(A); ② hyaluronidase group(B). lidocaine1mg / hyaluronidase 15U+lidocaine 1mg were injected only once in group A and B. Every group was randomly divided into two inferior groups of 8 animals. The animals of two inferior groups were sacrificed on the 14th and 21th postoperative day separately. The specimens obtained from the injury of right leg were analysed and compared through morphology observation and fibroblast counting.Results Morphology score and was fibroblast counting in group B were no significance difference than that in group A. Fibroblast cells proliferates actively in group A and B. Conclusion HAas 75 IU.ml-1 hasn't obviously effects on the adhesion of soft tissue injury.


To stabilize agricultural production with the help of irrigation the economico-mathematical model for the designing of large hydromeliorative systems is suggested.


Pharmaceutical analysis by definition deals with analysis of drugs, pharmaceutical substances and raw materials. It is devoted to stability testing, comparing related substances (essential similarity testing of generics), determination of impurities and developing, implementing and applying active assays for the pharmaceutical industry. The complex tasks of pharmaceutical analysis may also include development of new pharmacopoeial methods, stress testing to validate stability-indicating methods, impurity analysis and identification, herbal or animal material analysis, cleaning validations, degradation tests and stability studies.


Abstract Even experienced disaster and business continuity professionals miss key areas that could leave their company more vulnerable during crises.


Chief Scientists: Dave Scholl, Mike Marlow. Geophysical data (magnetics) of field activity S-1-69-BS in Kodiak, Bering Sea, Alaska from 06/20/1969 to 09/22/1969, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/s/s169bs/html/s-1-69-bs.meta.html.


Modal group time spreads in deep ocean environments are investigated. The environments considered consist of a range‐independent background on which a range‐dependent perturbation, due for example to internal waves, is superimposed. Modal group time spreads are defined to be the temporal spread of acoustic energy with a fixed mode number across a nonvanishing frequency band. It is shown that there are three contributions to modal group time spreads that combine approximately in quadrature. These contributions are (1) the recriprocal bandwidth, (2) a deterministic dispersive contribution, and (3) a scattering‐induced contribution. Contributions 2 and 3 are shown to be controlled by the waveguide invariant β(m,f), a property of the background sound speed structure. Numerical simulations are shown to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions. [Work supported by ONR.]


5035 Background: Germline genomic alterations and/or environmental factors are proposed as critical to GCT development given the significant rates of bilateral and familial cases. A number of low-moderate risk loci for GCT have been identified (Litchfield, Eur Urol 2018 & Pluta, Nat Comm 2021), predominantly by analysing unilateral GCT, with a polygenic heritability model proffered. We postulate bilateral GCT represents an extreme phenotype with higher frequency of loss of function germline genomic alterations and/or pre-disposing environmental exposures. Methods: Bilateral GCT pts who consented to a prospective clinically annotated GCT DNA registry were included for analysis. The registry integrates self-reported questionnaires on environmental exposures, relevant medical history and germline whole exome sequencing (WES). Pathogenicity of variants identified by WES were classified using the algorithm Pathogenicity of Mutation Analyzer (PathoMAN) [Ravichandran, Genet Med 2019]. Aggregated WES results were curated to identify disruptive or deleterious variants affecting the same genes as the most significant individual variants in the Litchfield series. A < 1% minor allele frequency threshold was set for candidate variants, likely benign/benign variants were excluded . Results: Of 43 bilateral cases with germline WES results, median age at first diagnosis was 32.1 years (range 18-73), 9 tumors were synchronous and 34 metachronous with median interval between diagnosis of 76.4 months for metachronous cases. Tumor histology was seminoma in 52 and nonseminoma in 34. 39 of 43 (91%) pts completed questionnaires with 35 (90%) reporting White race, 2 Hispanic/Latino, 1 Asian, and 1 Peruvian. 13 (33%) reported prior smoking, 21 (54%) prior marijuana use, and 6 (15%) other illicit drug use. 6 (15%) pts reported undescended testis and 1 (3%) hypospadias. 24/43 (45%) patients harbored ≥1 variant within 15 Litchfield genes (60%). 43 distinct variants were identified: 33 (77%) nonsynonymous missense alterations, 7 (16%) intron variants, 1 inframe deletion in STH3TC1, and 1 initiator and 1 stop codon variant in DEFB132, which plays a role in binding spermatozoa. Multiple bilateral patients harbored variants in MPDZ (n = 7), EHBP1L1 (n = 6), SKIV2L (n = 5), FAM160A2 (n = 3), ADAMTS18 (n = 3), JMJD4 (n = 3), ABCC4 (n = 3), R3HCC1 (n = 2), MLXIP (n = 2) and VPS16 (n = 2). Conclusions: In this bilateral GCT cohort, we identified several alterations in candidate susceptibility genes from the Litchfield series, whereas no convincing causative recurrent environmental exposures were observed. Our results support a polygenic model of GCT pathogenesis and show that analyzing enriched cohorts such as bilateral GCT may aid understanding of GCT pathogenesis. Additional analysis of the specific variants is required to further assess pathogenicity, elucidate their role and association with bilateral GCT.


The major storage site for calcium in cardiac muscle is the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). It has been shown using indirect methods that the amount of calcium stored in the SR can be altered by various agonists and anesthetics. The only technique to date which directly quantifies the amount of calcium in the SR is Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA). Using EPMA, an accurate measurement of the size of the SR calcium store can be made following treatments with known agonists. Isoproterenol (ISO) causes an increased inotropic response in cardiac muscle via the (3-adrenergic pathway. When ISO binds to the (β-receptor on the plasma membrane, it causes the activation of Protein Kinase A (PKA) through a cascade of events. PKA phosphorylates the sarcolemmal calcium channels causing an increase in the rate of calcium influx. PKA also phosphorylates Tnl, which sensitizes the myofilaments to calcium, thereby increasing the rate of calcium release from the myofilaments.


Urinary incontinence is a major geriatric problem, creating substantial personal, medical, and social difficulties. The magnitude and significance of these problems has stimulated the development of numerous diagnostic options and therapeutic strategies. However, despite these advances, more knowledge is needed if we are to provide optimal care for incontinent older persons. Most studies of urinary incontinence have dealt almost exclusively with young patients who were afflicted with nongeriatric illnesses. This information, while important, is of limited value to providers and policy makers concerned with geriatric health care. Inasmuch as elderly individuals have a higher prevalence of chronic urinary symptoms, physical abnormalities, and neurologic dysfunction, the specificity of clinical findings may be appreciably less than that documented in younger patients.! The complex interactions between the presence of multiple, disease-related physical limitations and the possible causes of incontinence can make the evaluation of elderly patients especially problematic. In addition, the spectrum of underlying urinary pathophysiology may well differ between young and old populations. These differences may have important diagnostic, therapeutic, and economic implications. This paper will critically review our present knowledge of assessment of urinary continence, focusing on three domains: epidemiology and natural history, clinical evaluation, and therapeutic options. This organization was chosen because most of the investigative work that has been done can be viewed from one of these perspectives. Within each domain four general areas are reviewed: the specific components and data elements of that domain; the principal instruments used to measure those elements; the critical evidence regarding the validity of the principal instruments; and the utility of the instruments for various clinical purposes.


This paper reports on a study water security issues in Asia evaluating issues related to long term security highlighting implications for Australia. Asia water problems are severe with one in five people not having access to safe drinking water. Water security is defined as the availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health, livelihoods, ecosystems and production, coupled with an acceptable level of water-related risks to people, environments and economies. It is a function of access to adequate quantities of water, of acceptable quality, for human and environmental users. This analysis shows many Asian countries face great challenges from population explosion, rapid shifts from rural to urban areas, dietary changes as countries develop, pollution of water resources, over-abstraction of groundwater and climate change among other factors. There is a need to mobilize technologies, techniques, and capacity to aid security issues in Asia urgently. Otherwise, population growth, rapid urbanisation and climate change issues will worsen water security placing unwanted demands on countries like Australia. Reducing its destructive potential and increasing its productive potential is a central challenge but imperative for the sake of future generations in Asia.


Phosphodi esterase-10A (PDE10A) hydrolyse the secondary messengers cGMP and cAMP which play critical role in neurodevelopment and brain functions. PDE10A is linked to progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases etc and a critical role in cognitive functions. The present study was undertaken to determine the possible neuroprotective effects and the associated mechanism of papaverine (PAP) against quinolinic acid (QUIN) induced excitotoxicity using human primary cortical neurons. Cytotoxicity potential of PAP was analysed using MTS assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by DCF-DA and JC10 staining, respectively. Caspase 3/7 and cAMP levels using ELISA kits. Effect of PAP on the CREB, BNDF and synaptic proteins such as SAP-97, synaptophysin, synapsin-I, PSD-95 expression was analysed by Western blotting technique. Pre-treatment with PAP increased intracellular cAMP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, restored mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and decreased ROS and caspase3/7 content in QUIN exposed neurons. PAP up-regulated CREB and BDNF, and synaptic proteins expression. In summary, these data indicate that PDE10A involves in QUIN mediated neurotoxicity and its inhibition can elicit neuroprotection by reducing the oxidative stress and protecting synaptic proteins via upregulation of cAMP signalling cascade.


Fungal hyphae characteristically extend at the apex, by the localized deposition of new cell wall and plasma membrane. That entails the performance of work and raises the question, what forces drive hyphal extension in the face of surface cohesion and external resistance? Conventional wisdom credits turgor, i.e., hydrostatic pressure, with driving the tip forward and shaping it by plastic deformation. An experimental test of this hypothesis became possible with the discovery that the oomycetes Achlya bisexualis and Saprolegnia ferax do not regulate turgor. When the osmotic pressure of the medium is raised by the addition of sucrose or other osmolytes, the organisms produce a more plastic wall and continue to grow. Saprolegnia ferax produces near-normal hyphae in the absence of any measurable turgor. Responses to variations in the composition of the medium and to a range of inhibitors indicate that the processes responsible for growth are the same in normal hyphae (4 bars; 1 bar = 100 kPa) and in turgorles...


Due to structural changes in agriculture and further developments in agricultural technology the total weight of many machines has increased extremely during past years, which can damage the subsoil. Therefore, some pedologists demand wheel load restrictions. Has the heavy machinery really compacted the soil more? Or has good agricultural management kept abreast with technical development, so that natural soil productivity is maintained? The goal of practical field tests in "Schleswig-Holstein" was to determine whether modern agriculture had caused additional heavy soil compaction.