Extreme heat is one of the most pressing climate risks in the United States and is exacerbated by a warming climate and aging population. Much work in heat health has focused only on temperature-based metrics, which do not fully measure the physiological impact of heat stress on the human body. The U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) consists of 139 sites across the United States and includes meteorological parameters that fully encompass human tolerance to heat, including relative humidity, wind, and solar radiation. Hourly and 5-min observations from USCRN are used to develop heat exposure products, including heat index (HI), apparent temperature (AT), and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT). Validation of this product is conducted with nearby airport and mesonet stations, with reanalysis data used to fill in data gaps. Using these derived heat products, two separate analyses are conducted. The first is based on standardized anomalies, which place current heat state in the context of a long-term climate record. In the second study, heat events are classified by time spent at various levels of severity of conditions. There is no consensus as to what defines a heat event, so a comparison of absolute thresholds (i.e., ≥30.0°, 35.0°, and 40.0°C) and relative thresholds (≥90th, 95th, and 98th percentile) will be examined. The efficacy of the product set will be studied using an extreme heat case study in the southeastern United States. While no heat exposure metric is deemed superior, each has their own advantages and caveats, especially in the context of public communication.


To increase the capability of currency in the traffic net,and decrease the possibility of loss on charge,a no stop charge system is installed.This paper presents a method for vehicle auto-classification based on BP network.At the same time,this paper also compares this method with other existing methods.


An efficient synthetic route to 1,3,6-trisubstituted azulenes based on the 1-acyloxyazulene scaffold was developed. The 1-position in azulene was substituted in the ring-formation step with a functionalized acyloxy group. Additionally, the 3- and 6-positions of azulene were functionalized with versatile synthetic handles, a halogen atom and a formyl group.


This study proposes a new measure of spatial ability based on the measure of the visualization factor. I assessed the reliability and the validity of the Measure of the Ability to Form Spatial Mental Imagery (MASMI). The test was designed consisting of an unfolded cube that the subjects had to mentally reassemble before replying to 23 questions related to the cube. Each question had 4 multiple choices, 2 true and 2 false, the total score being the sum of all the correct answers and then subtracting the wrong responses. The sample consisted of 138 undergraduate psychology students, with a mean age of 20.1 years. I obtained a Cronbach's α of .93. The MASMI was correlated to different imagery measures—i.e., imagery questionnaires and spatial tests. The results reveal that the new test provides a good measure for the assessment of imagery ability. Fresh lines of research are proposed in relation to these tests.


Clinical skills of the user to a system and method for quantification was made by the user using the surgical device, and collects data about surgical task, the data for the surgical tasks, other similar surgical compared with other data for specific tasks, and data for surgical operations, based on comparing the other data for the surgical work of other similar, to quantify the clinical skills of the user, the user and outputting the clinical skills, systems and methods. .FIELD 1


This paper discusses the requirements for telecom power systems. The basic configurations of the telecom power system are discussed. The need for high quality power supplies is emphasized. Some techniques to achieve high performance AC-to-DC conversion and DC-to-DC conversion are evaluated and compared.


Catalytic activities of Fe, Pt, and Ni/Co metals were compared in the synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by using CO2 laser vaporization. In room temperature laser vaporization in AR gas under pressures of 150-760 Torr, a small amount of SWNTs, forming thin bundles, were synthesized by Pt and Ni/Co catalysts. However, SWNTs were not synthesized by using an Fe catalyst. The central diameters of SWNTs were 1.51 and 1.33 nm for the Pt and Ni/Co catalysts, respectively. At 1200 degree(s)C, thick bundles of SWNTs with a central diameter of 1.39nm were synthesized for Ni/Co in high yield (>70%0. However, the increase in SWNT yield was not significant when using a Pt catalyst at 1200 degree(s)C. We discuss catalytic growth of SWNTs in terms of eutectic temperatures of Pt-C and Ni/Co-C phases.


We present a patient who developed hemorrhagic cystitis and renal dysfunction after unrelated bone marrow transplantation. Polyoma BK virus and adenovirus 11 were detected in the urine. Vidarabine was administered without effect. Relatively low dose cidofovir was efficacious. Renal function improved, and the urinary secretion of adenovirus stopped.


Objective:To systematic review the effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment of puberty dysfunctional uterine bleeding(PDUB). Methods:Searching randomized controlled trials of TCM treatment of PDUB,and anlysising of Meta. Results:15 documents into line with the standards,Meta-analysis showed that TCM can be significant in the treatment of PDUB,the total odds ratio(OR) = 3.27,95%.CL was(2.34 to 4.57). The difference had statistical significance between two groups(P0.00001); "funnel plot" graphics publication bias existed. Conclusion:The data showed that the clinical efficacy of TCM treatment of PDUB is significant.


Individuals from disadvantaged communities are among the millions of uninsured Americans gaining insurance under the Affordable Care Act. The extent to which health insurance can mitigate the effects of the social determinants of health on cancer care is unknown.


Triassic was found well-developed and thick in the Caohu Sag of the Tarim Basin;however,stratigraphic classification was not precise,restricting petroleum exploration.According to the study of plentiful of Triassic sporopollen fossils in mudstones from several wells,4 sporopollen fossil assemblages were established,including Lundbladispora-Limatulasporites-Taeniaesporites,Punctatisporites-Aratrisporites-Calamospora,Apiculatisporis-Rugulatisporites-Colpectopollis,and Dictyophyllidites-Aratrisporites-Alisporites.Triassic was divided into three series,three formations and five members.From bottom to top,there are the Ketuer Formation(it was revised as the upper and lower segments) in the lower series,the Akekule Formation(the upper and lower segments) in the middle series and the Halahatang Formation in the upper series.Lithologic and logging characteristics are obvious in each member.The "pure mudstone segment" at the top of the lower member of the Ketuer Formation and the "big mud" at the top of the Halahatang Formation were regarded as the key beds in this area.There is lacuna between the lower series and the middle series.Triassic was divided into three second-order sequences and five third-order sequences.Based on biostratigraphy,combined with rock stratigraphy,sequence stratigraphy and logging strata,Triassic in the area was classified and correlated more precisely,providing data for the analyses of sedimentary facies,tectonic movement and petroleum accumulation.


The opinions expressed in the Bulletin are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IISD or other donors. Excerpts from the Bulletin may be used in non-commercial publications with appropriate academic citation. In the morning, an ADP workshop on pre-2020 ambition focusing on energy took place, as well as a SBI plenary session, which continued discussions on the agenda. In the afternoon, a joint SBI/SBSTA in-forum expert meeting on response measures was held and a workshop on the need to improve the coordination of support for the implementation of REDD+. ADP informal consultations also convened in the afternoon, and a number of SBSTA contact groups and informal groups also met throughout the day. ADP ADP WORKSHOP ON PRE-2020 AMBITION: ENERGY: During the workshop facilitated by Houssen Alfo Nafo (Mali), parties focused on energy transformation to enhance pre-2020 ambition, including: scaling up renewable energy; enhancing energy efficiency; and carbon capture and storage (CCS). Briefings by international organizations and initiatives: Luis Gomez-Echeverri, Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL), stressed the need to scale up investment in order to ensure energy access by all and double the share of renewable energy as well as the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030. He underscored mobilizing support from stakeholders as crucial for exploiting benefits in relation to achieving objectives on health, increased productivity, employment and gender equity. Philippe Benoit, International Energy Agency (IEA), emphasized the need to increase support for investment in energy efficiency, especially on the supply side, to expand the energy sector in developing countries. He explained that to engage more stakeholders, energy efficiency must be recognized and measured as an energy source. Trygve Riis, Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF), noted that CCS is a cost-competitive and safe technology that can help parties meet their emission reduction targets. Interventions: JAPAN requested the Secretariat to compile best practices on domestic policies and actions undertaken to overcome barriers to renewable energy and energy efficiency. MALAYSIA highlighted its comprehensive national policy that seeks to integrate sustainability at all levels. The EU suggested focusing on measures to tackle barriers and provide benefits. IRAQ said sectors other than energy have a greater potential for emission reduction. CHINA said developed countries should use their economic recovery from recession as an opportunity to transition to low-carbon pathways. Parties also addressed: sustainable and affordable energy for the poor, including for productive uses; feed-in tariffs …


Objective: To assess students' opinion and perception regarding education environment in a government medical college of Delhi, India. Materials and Methods: Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM), a universal, culturally nonspecific, generic 50-item inventory tool was used. Each item is rated on a five-point Likert scale with score ranging from 0 to 4 where 0 = strongly disagree, 1 = disagree, 2 = unsure, 3 = agree, and 4 = strongly agree. MBBS students of three batches (2nd, 3rd, and 4th year) were considered in the present cross-sectional study. Results: A total of 117 (84.1%) available students could be contacted in person, out of whom 71 (60.7%) were males; 94 (80.3%) passed their 12th class from private/convent school; nearly 88 (75.2%) students opined that administration is student-supportive; and 111 (94.8%) were in self-assessment state of "happiness." The overall mean DREEM inventory score (range, 0–200) among all the respondents was 130.34 (±15.76), which is suggestive of "more positive than negative." Statistically (P < 0.05) higher DREEM score was found among senior medical students [score, 136.5 (4th year) vs. 131.9 (3rd year) vs. 123.6 (2nd year)]; those medical students who were globally satisfied (score, 131.2 vs. 119.3); satisfied getting admitted in current medical college (score, 133.0 vs. 115.7); and who opined that administration is student-supportive (score, 133.4 vs. 120.9). Gender, type of school, marks in 12th class, native place, current residence, supplementary (extra attempt) in university exam, current mental state (sad/happy), and professional satisfaction had no statistical bearing on overall DREEM score. Overall, none of the inventory item (score range, 0–4) had an avg. score more than 3.5, but the score of the majority (42/50, 84.0%) of question items in the present study was in the range of 2–3 points indicating the aspects of the environment that could be improved or enhanced. Conclusion: Within limitations, the study gauges the experiential learning environment from the students' perspective indicating overall positive results and moving in right direction. Some challenges inherent with medical education and critical areas requiring strengthening were listed including social and leisure time student involvement.


Large scale earthquakes occur frequently in Japan in recent years. In the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred in 2011 and caused major damage, more than 90% of the dead were due to the tsunami. The speed of evacuation is important in considering evacuation at the time of the attack of the tsunami, especially the elderly evacuation speed is assumed to be slower than non-elderly people. Elderly people may have different means of evacuation and speed depending on the composition of the households to which they belong because of the different possibilities of riding in families' driven cars. However, a simulation taking such a difference of evacuation into consideration has not been conducted. The purpose of this study is to conduct a tsunami evacuation simulation in consideration of evacuation measures and speed depending on the type of households belonging to in the tsunami inundation area of Toyohashi city, Japan. In order to conduct the tsunami evacuation simulation considering the household type, d...


In continuation to our search for new chiral macrocyclic peptide‐based anti‐inflammatories, the suggestion, synthesis, structure elucidation of some Nα‐bis‐dipicolinoyl amino acids, linear, tetra and cyclic (penta and octa)‐bridged peptides 3–10, were realized herein. The newly synthesized compounds showed potent anti‐inflammatory activity with low toxicity (LD50) comparable to indomethacin and diclofenac as reference anti‐inflammatory drugs.


For many, using together the words Public and Permissioned when referring to a blockchain network, as in Public-Permissioned Blockchain, is a misnomer. Until now the words Public and Permissioned have been used as opposites, where Permissioned is seen as synonymous with Private. However, a new kind of blockchain network is emerging, being pioneered by Alastria. Public-Permissioned blockchain networks bring a lot of value to the digitization of the productive economy of a country or a region like the European Union, complementing-but not replacing-the other types of networks, namely Public-Permissionless and Private-Permissioned (aka Private Consortiums). In this context Blockchain networks are socio-technical systems that, given their inherent difficulties to scale in different dimensions, can be considered as a kind of good with some scarce resources which require a proper governance model to avoid resource abuse and depletion. Two classical models to manage scarce resources are the state (government controlled) and the market (managed as private goods subject to offer and demand). We explore in this document a third way to manage that type of resorces, the Common-Pool Resources (CPR) model.


This work is devoted to a comparative analysis of the electric cars market development in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and Ukraine. The work gives the concept of advantages and disadvantages of electric cars. The main goal of the work is to study the socio-economic aspects of using electric vehicles in Jordan and to determine what experience Ukraine can gain from Jordan to optimize the electric cars market development.


This paper presents a simple two-country model with mobile capital and immobile labour, in which there are two classes of individuals, the workers and the capital owners. A source-based tax on capital income is used to finance transfers to workers. If the two countries are homogeneous in all respects (preferences for equity, population size, and social composition), capital income is shown to be undertaxed at the non-cooperative equilibrium relative to the autarkic situation. In the case of heterogeneous countries, it can be either undertaxed or overtaxed: our simple setting enables us to obtain an easy-to-interpret formula for each country's capital income tax, and numerical examples indicate how the two countries' tax decisions interact at the noncooperative equilibrium. The normative issue of imposing minimal tax standards across countries is also analyzed. The paper provides conditions under which enforcing such policy will be beneficial to all countries.


Corsifuran A has been prepared in an enantiomerically pure form for the first time by an asymmetric reduction procedure, allowing confirmation of the absolute stereochemistry of the natural product as (R).


. In this article, we present some new inequalities for the numerical radius of products of Hilbert space operators and the generalized Aluthge transform. In particular, we show some upper bounds for ω ( ABC + DEF ) using the celebrated Buzano inequality, then some consequences that generalize some results from the literature are discussed. After that, inequalities that involve the generalized Aluthge transform are shown using some known bounds for the numerical radius of the product of two operators.


The paper gives a review of more modern results of the 29Si n.m.r., chromatographic methods, molybdate and dye adsorption methods regarding the structure and characterization of technically important sodium water glass-(sodium silicate-solutions) with molar ratio SiO2/Na2O = 3-3,5. There are described the influence of molar ratio, SiO2 concentration, condensation degree, impurities and thermal treatment on the structure and properties respectively of sodium water glass (NaWG) solutions. The results show that the complicate structure of NaWG solution and their influenceability by temperature, impurities, molar ratio and SiO2 concentration and furthermore the lack of suitable methods are reasons for the present insufficient characterization of NaWG solutions. It is shown that a more complete characterization especially regarding the thermal history of NaWG solutions is possible by combination of the molybdate method with the dye adsorption method. There is a hint of the existence of a thermal equilibrium state, which is influenced not only by the silicate anion distribution but the association equilibrium caused by concentration and state of distribution of impurities.


HODGE, R., & TRIPP, D. (1986). Children and television: A semiotic approach. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press. KAMBERELIS, G. (2001). Producing heteroglossic classroom (micro)cultures through hybrid discourse practice. Linguistics and Education, 12(1), 85-125. NEWKIRK, T. (1992). Listening in: Children talk about books (and other things). Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. ROGOFF, B. (2003). The cultural nature ofhuman development. New York: Oxford University Press. SMITH, F. (2003). Unspeakable acts, unnaturalpractices: Flaws and fallacies in "scientific" reading instruction. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. ST. PIERRE, E.A. (2002). "Science" rejects postmodernism. Educational Researcher, 31(8), 25-27. TOBIN, J. (2000). Goodguys don't wear hats: Children's talk about the media. New Y rk: Teachers College Press. TOBIN, J. (2004). Pikachu's global adventure: The rise andfall of Pokimon. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. TOBIN, J., WU, D., & DAVIDSON, D. (1989). Preschool in three cultures: Japan, China, a d the United States. e Haven, CT: Yale University Pre s. TOWNE, L., & SHAVELSON, R. (Eds.). (2002). Scie tific research i education. Washington, DC: National Academi s Press.


This article aims to analyze the socio-philosophical role of the individual in the formation of aesthetic culture and its role in raising the morale of society. To do this, to study the relationship between the concept of personality and aesthetic culture, to study the essence of the concept of aesthetic culture in the spirit of the national idea, to describe the interrelation and dialectical relationship between society and the aesthetic culture of the individual. identification of factors that increase aesthetic activity, the study of modern trends in the formation of the aesthetics of life in the individual. Through this, an attempt was made to show the structural elements of aesthetic culture and their uniqueness.


We thank Dr. Larroumet and her colleagues for their interest in our article (1), in which we described severe, permanent loss of renal function in four people with type 2 diabetes after rapid correction of chronic severe hyperglycemia. In a larger group of people with type 2 diabetes whose glycemic control had improved substantially, Larroumet et al. (2) found no evidence that renal function was adversely affected. However, important differences between their cohort and ours can probably explain the different outcomes. First, the rate, magnitude of reduction, and nadir value in A1C differed. In their cohort, the reduction in A1C took place "during the year preceding admission" and was required to be only >27 mmol/mol for the patient to be classified as a "rapid decliner," and the mean nadir value reached was 77 mmol/mol. In our cohort, the reduction in A1C occurred within 6 months, at which time the mean reduction in A1C was 73 mmol/ mol and the mean A1C was 48 mmol/ mol. Thus, in our cohort the fall in A1C was more rapid and more profound, and the nadir A1C was lower. A further difference was that the baseline renal function in their cohort (mean estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 85 mL/min/1.73 m, at an average age of 63 years) was substantially better than in the subjects we describe (mean eGFR 71 mL/min/1.73 m, at an average age of 53 years). We agree that the phenomenon we observed was exceptional and suspect it was linked both to relatively impaired renal function at baseline as well as the rapid and profound reduction in A1C.


We have investigated the morphology, structure, and annealing response of nanoporous Au films synthesized via electrochemical dealloying of amorphous AuxSi1−x co-deposited films on Si substrates. The starting Au alloy film concentrations were varied from x = 0.09 to 0.41 and the resulting nanoscale porous films were characterized by electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering techniques. Our observations provide a systematic description of the nanoporous Au film morphology, porosity, and degree of collapse as a function of starting AuxSi1−x alloy composition. The characteristic pore sizes increased from 10 to 45 nm and the porosity increased from 45% to 70% for the nanoporous Au films with decrease in the starting Au concentrations. The degree of film collapse due to dealloying also increased with decreasing Au concentration. The electrochemical dealloying process for nanoporous film formation was observed to change from a layer-by-layer dealloying process to a localized, percolation-dominated proce...


One of the methods currently under consideration for the disposal of radioactive wastes is emplacement in a repository within deep, continental formations. A licensing requirement for such a facility will presumably be some form of safety analysis report on the radiological impact of the facility. A methodology has been developed to make an assessment of the radiological consequences both for normal operation and for possible accident situations for a specific repository design in a salt dome at Gorleben in Germany, a repository which has been designed to accommodate all categories of radioactive waste (low, intermediate, and high level). Radionuclide release scenarios were derived from a systematic analysis of the facility design and proposed operational procedure. Where necessary, simple numerical models for such topics as direct radiation exposure from waste containers, release and transport of radionuclides, radiolysis, heat transfer, creep, and impact were developed to give a first estimate of the radiological consequences due to radionuclide releases. The results enabled sensitive areas of the design and the operational procedure to be identified, and thus possible modifications and/or precautionary measures could be recommended. The results also gave an indication of those parts of the analysis requiring more sophisticated and specialized modeling techniquesmore » to yield a more detailed radiological consequence analysis in preparation for a safety analysis report.« less


This letter proposed advantageous in-uniform gradient cross-section (GCS) channels which weaken the dependence of the coiled-up anechoic metasurface on the total channel length. The privilege of GCS channels was revealed by studying Fabry-Perot absorbers with designed channel widths. A theoretical framework was set up to explain the inherent sound absorbing mechanism, from which the overall performance as well as dominant working frequencies of linear and exponential GCS channels can be predicted. With proper GCS channel design, the proposed structures were experimentally and theoretically proven to achieve lower absorption frequencies in comparison with conventional uniform cross-section absorbers with the same exterior geometry. Through a parametric study on the near-perfect absorption frequency range of GCS absorbers, the strong tunability brought by GCS was confirmed, suggesting the possibility of on-demand frequency-oriented absorber design. Serving as an approach for acoustic impedance transferring, promising features of GCS can be extensively applied in existing coiled-up anechoic metasurfaces.


Ca2+‐activated K+ channels (KCa) are key components of vascular myocytes EC coupling through their control of smooth muscle cell membrane potential. Whilst BKCa is expressed ubiquitously in smooth muscle cells, only proliferative VSMCs express KCa3.1 channels. However, mouse portal vein (mPV) is an atypical blood vessel showing spontaneous and rhythmic contractions. Since KCa channels are involved in the regulation of excitability of other cell types like neurons, the contribution of KCa2.x and KCa3.1 channels to the control of mPV excitability was investigated. Expression of KCa2.x and KCa3.1 was detected in mPV by PCR and immunohistochemistry. In single cell patch clamp studies, the RMP of isolated mPV myocytes was hyperpolarized (≈15 mV) by exposure to NS309 (10 μM), a KCa2.x and KCa3.1 channel activator. Inhibition of KCa2.x channels with UCL1689 (3 μM) reversed the effect of NS309 whilst inhibition of KCa3.1 channels (TRAM‐34; 10 μM) had no effect. NS309 significantly decreased the amplitude and increased the frequency of spontaneous contractions of intact mPV. These effects were reversed by application of UCL1689, suggesting that the NS309‐induced changes in spontaneous mPV contractions is carried out by KCa2.x channels. This study suggest that KCa2.x and KCa3.1 channels are expressed in mouse portal vein myocytes and play an important role in regulation of spontaneous contractions.


Interpreters must follow the path created by speakers when they are engaging in simultaneous interpretation (SI), which requires all of the interpreter's processing capacity reserving no ability. Therefore the interpreter's real-time strategy for every incoming segment might directly influence the f...


Particle separation in a magnetic colloidal fluid with a susceptibility gradient created by means of a Frantz‐Isodynamic magnet is described. The positions where particles and fluid are in equilibrium are a function of the particle magnetic susceptibility only. This method allows magnetic separation of several materials with a wide range of magnetic susceptibilities in a single separator with multiple dividers. A model separator was constructed. The magnetic gradient of the Frantz magnet and the concentration gradient of the magnetic colloids were calibrated. Separations were carried out using fine particles of Mn2P2O7, CuO, and Al2O3. The results confirm the feasibility of this method. The experimental data agree quite well with calculations based on the calibrated concentration gradient.


S>Polonium tetranitrate and two basic nitrates have been prepared, and evidence for the existence of a nitrite has been obtained. The cation-exchange behavior of polonium in nitric acid solution has been investigated. (auth)


Environmental factors are of extreme importance with respect to the ser-vice life of composite components based on polymeric engineering matrices. Part I deals with the role of matrix ductility and chemical environmental degradation on the composites mechanical properties. Part II is concerned with the lifetime prediction of GRP filament wound pipes under low pressure levels and hygrothermal conditions. There composites are an E glass fiber reinforced polyester resin and an ECR glass fiber reinforced vinylester resin. The mechanical behavior of the pipes before and after exposure to water for different duration is studied through internal pressurizing tests with closed end procedure. The results indicate that in the hoop direction, fibers carry the complete load while in the axial direction there is a substantial contribution from the matrix. The use of elasticity theory appears as an appropriate method to describe the mechanical behavior of the pressurized pipes under monotonic loading conditions. In the hoop direction the behavior is governed by the fibers one whereas in the axial direction damage must be accounted for in the elastic law. Chain scission effects on the mechanical properties are investigated. Experimental results show that the mechanical properties, the damage mechanisms and the failure mode of the pipes are changed by water uptake. Relations between the mechanical properties and the exposure duration based on physical considerations are assessed, allowing for the definition of a damage parameter related to hygrothermal degradation. Environmental effects (swelling and chain scission) mainly affect the yielding pressure and the pressure to failure, whereas load condition and initial defects affect the axial modulus. This leads to the definition of two independent damage parameters.


Master's thesis presents national topographic maps at a scale 1: 25.000 from three different countries: Slovenia, Poland and Spain. We have analysed a design of national topographic maps, cartographic symbols, technical standards and instruction for map design and marginal content. All maps have significant differences not only in design, but in the contents also. Creating three maps of the same area in Slovenia, based on the design of Slovenian, Polish and Spanish national topographic maps at a scale 1: 25.000, enables more explicit comparison of map and cartographic symbols design. With a questionnaire about created maps, we were asking users and experts about the attractiveness of maps, the most appropriate symbol choice for different feature classes, the colours, the legend and the usefulness of all three created maps. Results of the survey show that many Slovenians, Poles and Spaniards prefer a domestic map, because they are used to it and they are familiar with cartographic symbols, too.


After analysis on the current challenges of GIS employment and existent some questions of specialty teaching of geographic information system in colleges and universities,aiming at the curriculum system,teaching and assessing model,practice of teaching,teachers training,academic exchanges and other aspects,this paper put forward some reform measures and suggestions.The measures have been used in teaching,and have achieved good results.


Together with the anonymization toolbox, we also release the source code of our recent study on classifying anonymized data [1]. In this study, we proposed methods for building distance-based classification models over anonymized data. More specifically, investigated methods included instance-based classifiers (also called k-nearest neighbor classification), and support vector machines (SVMs). To implement anonymized versions of these models, we extended the IB1 classifier (i.e., 1-nearest neighbor) of the WEKA data mining library [2] and Java version of the LibSMV library for SVM classification [3]. Most research in the area assume that classification models will be both trained and tested over anonymized data. However, as described in [1], various other alternatives are possible in real-life applications. For example, the model might be built on original data and queried with anonymized data or vice verse. Our experiments also focus on these distinct test scenarios. Below we provide detailed information on how our experimental results can be re-generated using the Census− income dataset [4] or any other dataset. In section 1, we discuss shared parameters of our implementation of IB1 and SVM classifiers over anonymized datasets. Then section 2 provides the details on IB1 classification and section 3 on SVM classification.


The k-anonymization method is a commonly used privacy-preserving technique. Previous studies used various measures of utility that aim at enhancing the correlation between the original public data and the generalized public data. We, bearing in mind that a primary goal in releasing the anonymized database for data mining is to deduce methods of predicting the private data from the public data, propose a new information-theoretic measure that aims at enhancing the correlation between the generalized public data and the private data. Such a measure significantly enhances the utility of the released anonymized database for data mining. We then proceed to describe a new and highly efficient algorithm that is designed to achieve $k$-anonymity with high utility. That algorithm is based on a modified version of sequential clustering which is the method of choice in clustering, and it is independent of the underlying measure of utility.


The study is undertaken with the objective of examining the relationship between capital market and economic development in emerging African economies. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design for Nigeria, South Africa and Kenya and the variables used were Human Development Index (HDI) as the dependent variable, Stock Market Capitalization (SMC); Value of Stock Traded (VST); Stock Market Turnover Ratio (TR) as independent variable. Moreover, the period under study was from 1990 to 2018 and the data collected within the period were analysed using descriptive statistics, ARDL regression, granger causality and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) for the comparative single country regression analysis. The study empirically proves that capital market has a significant relationship with economic development in the selected emerging Africa economies in Nigeria and South Africa except for Kenya which conforms with the Finance Led Growth Hypothesis Theory. We recommend that Governments of Sub-Saharan African economies should formulate and implement policies that will ensure relative stability in the market-based stock market of the economy to foster capital formation, increase investment and ensure stability in the financial system.


ABSTRACT National narratives play a key role in young people's knowledge and understanding of the past. These narratives aim to instil national pride and a common identity. We aim to investigate the interplay between narrative thinking, social identification processes, and moral emotions. We propose that people's moral emotions about their nation's past are related to how they understand historical concepts such as the nation and their national identification. Specifically, we propose that people may experience group-based moral emotions even when narrating distant historical events that occurred prior to the very existence of their nation. To test this hypothesis, we examined Spanish university students' narratives about the so-called 'Discovery' of America. Students experienced conflicted moral emotions towards this central narrative of Spanish national heritage. Emotions such as pride, gratitude, shame and guilt were frequently experienced and explained in terms of national membership. Moral emotions experienced were associated with students' national identification and political orientation. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the interplay between narrative thinking, social identification, and emotions, and its impact on heritage and history education.


Due to the increasing market share of electric vehicles (EVs), the optimal thermal management (TM) of batteries has recently received significant attention. Optimal battery temperature control is challenging, requiring a detailed model and numerous parameters of the TM system, which includes fans, pumps, compressors, and heat exchangers. This paper proposes a supervised learning strategy for the optimal operation of the TM system in an EV. Specifically, for TM subsystems, individual artificial neural networks (ANNs) are implemented and trained with data obtained under normal EV driving conditions. The ANNs are then interconnected based on the physical configuration of the TM system. The trained ANNs are replicated using piecewise linear equations, which can be explicitly integrated into an optimization problem for optimal TM scheduling. This approach enables the application of a mixed-integer linear programming solver to the problem, ensuring the optimality of the solution. Simulation case studies are performed for the two operating modes of the TM system: i.e., integrated and separate modes. The case study results demonstrate that the ANN-based model successfully reflects the operating characteristics of the TM system, enabling accurate battery temperature estimation. The proposed optimal TM strategy using the ANN-based model is verified as effective in reducing the total energy consumption, while maintaining the battery temperature within an acceptable range.


Walden is the representative work of Henry David Thoreau, the most influential transcendentalist writer in the United States in the 19th century. The paper discusses the relationship between man and nature from the perspectives of ecological philosophy, anti-anthropocentrism and the inner spiritual ecological connotation of man. It points out that nature can endow people with the elements of inner beauty, and her unspeakable purity and kindness always endow people with health and joy; human beings, like other animals and plants, are part of the biosphere of nature; human happiness, freedom and civilization do not necessarily depend on the abundance of material life, but, to some extent, on the harmonious coexistence with nature. Keywords— Thoreau; Walden; Ecological philosophy.


Background: Candida albicans is the fourth common cause of chronic fungal infections that cause both mucosal and deep tissue infections. Nowadays, mortality and morbidity due to C .albicans infections via medical devices, such as catheter and implants, are increasing. Therefore, finding new methods of combating such infectious agents seems necessary. In this study antifungal effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles on C .albicans biofilms were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and exposed to UV ray with 370 nm wavelength. Biofilms of C. albicans were developed on flat-bottomed 96-well microtiter plates, and antifungal effects of TiO2 and photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles were evaluated. Data were analyzed by t-test using SPSS software. Results: MIC50 of photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles was 1.9 µg/ml and its MIC90 was 2.74 µg/ml while MFC was determined to be 3.37 µg/ml. Biofilms inhibito ry concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles, photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles, and fluconazole for susceptible strains were 5.14, 4.54, and 4 µg/ml, respectively. These values for the fluconazole resistant strains were 5.35, 4.88, and 8 µg/ml, respectively . Conclusion: Photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles showed a suitable antifungal property against C. albicans biofilms compared with fluconazole. Thus it can be a new strategy in prevention of fungal biofilms, especially those formed on the surface of medical devices.


Complaining about James Hogg's excessive life-writing, John Wilson, as "an Old Friend with a New Face," writes to "Christopher North," the pseudonymous editor of Blackwood's (who is also John Wilson), asking "how many lives of himself does the swine-herd [actually shepherd] intend to put forth?" Cataloging Hogg's series of "lives" according to the periodicals in which they appeared, the Old Friend notes a "good many lives of him in the Scots Magazine--a considerable number even in your own work, my good sir--the Clydesdale Miscellany was a perfect stye with him--his grunt is in Waugh--he has a bristle in Baldwin" (Blackwood's 10:54, 43). The Old Friend represents this propagation of lives as an effort to transform "a very ordinary common-place animal" into a record of enduring fame: "his death will be remembered like a total eclipse of the sun" (44). He claims that these autobiographical attempts are disseminated through and inadequately regulated by the periodical industry. Lamenting that neither Captain Brown, of the Edinburgh police force, nor Francis Jeffrey, of the Edinburgh Review, will "interfere" in this self-aggrandizement, the Old Friend resolves to bring Hogg to justice with his own counter-life, in which he dismantles Hogg's claims to accomplishment, including several that are not actually in the autobiographies. In response, Wilson, as "Christopher North," intimates the Old Friend might be Hogg himself, or certainly his close friend; he glosses this letter as "banter and good humour" meant to "tick[le]" the public sympathy" for Hogg and thereby "put a few cool hundreds in his pocket" (52). The Old Friend's indignation is in part about the very textual ambiguity he is exploiting: the recognition that the word "life" had come to mean not just the collective experiences of an individual but the written account, and accounting, of those experiences. His letter insists that the representation of a person, its narration within public discourse, was a defining component of that person's own existence, and North's note underscores the financial implications of that claim. The Old Friend emphasizes this formative function of life-writing in a parodic moment, in which Hogg's multiplying lives drive him to claim credit for the notorious 1806 murder of William Begbie as an aesthetic counter-balance to his own textual instability. The salience of textual lives applied to celebrities of the Romantic period, as Tom Mole has demonstrated, using Byron's own dialectical relation to his print-culture avatar as his prime example. And, indeed, the Old Friend (mis)accuses Hogg of publishing his own two "imitations of Wordsworth" written by Byron, and imagines Hogg physically trying to impersonate Byron: "Does Hogg believe, that if he were to steal Lord Byron's breeches and coat, and so forth, and walk along the Rialto, that the Venetian ladies would mistake him for his lordship?" By contrast, the Old Friend avers with irony, when Hogg attempts an "imitation" of "himself' (not just writing as himself), he achieves a "true specimen of the stye-school of poetry" (49). Building on Mole's analysis, I contend that periodicals, as a locus of the ideology of possessive individualism, required that this paradigm of celebrity infiltrated the space of the ordinary. In this way, the periodical industry joins with the early nineteenth-century novel in commitments both to individualism and to ordinariness. Nancy Armstrong has demonstrated that "Austen's novels mark the simultaneous modernization of the individual and maturation of the novel (7). Reviewing Austen's Emma, Walter Scott defends and theorizes the novel in the Quarterly Review (1816), as an act of "pleading our own cause" making the "our" ambiguously stand in for readers, novelist, reviewer, and editorial consciousness. Scott uses the adjective "ordinary" eight times in the review, to modify "novelists," "life" (three times), the reader's "experience."; the "probabilities of life,"; "walks of life," and the male reader's "business of life," emphasizing the ordinary life as amenable to literary scripting (Quarterly 14:27, 188-201). …


During operation, static and dynamic loads, as well as various types of friction and wear, can simultaneously act on parts of machines and mechanisms. In these cases, as a rule, the problem of ensuring the wear resistance of parts is secondary, since, first of all, it is necessary to give structural elements strength, to exclude destruction and crushing. However, for a more significant increase in the service life of parts, it is necessary to apply comprehensive measures that allow solving these problems together. The mechanism of impact-abrasive wear of materials is primarily determined by their chemical composition and structure. A study of the nature of wear of hardened iron-carbon rolled steels shows that with a change in carbon concentration, the mechanism of impact-abrasive wear also changes. With an increase in the carbon content, the hardness of the metal increases, the depth of the holes from the introduction of the abrasive gradually decreases, however, the wear changes according to a more complex relationship: it decreases with an increase in the carbon concentration to 0.7 + 0.8%, and with a higher content, it increases.


OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess if cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have a higher colonization of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus than patients without this condition.

METHODS
Five electronic databases were searched systematically. The inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials, non-randomized, or quasi-randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective studies published until March, 2021; Articles that evaluated Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus profile in patients with and without cleft lip and palate undergoing orthodontic treatment. The random-effect model was used to perform the analysis of all the data collected. Statistic heterogeneity was evaluated with I2 test.

RESULTS
In this systematic review 2 cohort studies were included. The data analysis from 160 patients revealed that patients without cleft lip and palate had 4.5 times more predisposition to oral colonization with Streptococcus mutans than CLP patients. No statistical significant difference was found between these patients for colonization with Lactobacillus.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite the limitations in the included studies, this systematic review suggested that CLP patients have a lower predisposition to oral colonization with Streptococcus mutans when compared to healthy patients.


It have been done an experiment in Garasi Indie Studio Surakarta to predict the Reverberation Time (RT) by experiment method by generated an impulse response. Matlab used for filtering the impulse sounds and Cool Edit Pro 2.0. used to obtain the RT 20 that must be extrapolated in to RT 60. The analytic method was used to predict the RT 60 too by used the Millingtone-Sette's formula. From the calculation with the experiment method showed that the RT is 0,945 second. And from the analytic method showed that the RT is 0,035 second.

Key word : Impulse response, Reverberation Time


The necessity for further reductions of in-cylinder pollutant formation and the opportunity to minimize engine development and testing time highlight the need of cycle simulation tools that have to accurately predict the effects of fuel, design and operating variables on engine performance. To develop reliable tools for indicated cycle simulation in SI engines, a correct prediction of heat release is required, which, in turn, involves the evaluation of in-cylinder turbulence generation and flame-turbulence interaction. This can be pursued by the application of a combustion fractal model coupled with semiempirical correlations of available geometrical and thermodynamical mass-averaged quantities. However, in the literature there is a lack of comparisons between the flame propagation speed obtained through these correlations and the experimental data determined under operating conditions that are significant for IC engines running on both conventional and alternative fuels. The present paper develops a new correlation that takes account of the effects of turbulence shrinking on the flame front as well as of the turbulent transfer of both species and heat across the flame front. The procedure has been applied to calculate the burning speeds in the cylinder of a naturally-aspirated bi-fuel engine for a wide range of engine speeds (N = 2000–4600 rpm), loads (bmep = 200–790 kPa), relative air-fuel ratios (RAFR = 0.80–1.30) and spark-advances (SA ranging from 8 deg retard to 2 deg advance with respect to MBT), under both gasoline and CNG operations. The computed burning speeds were compared to those obtained with the correlations currently available in the literature and to the experimental flame propagation data. These latter were extracted from measured in-cylinder pressure by means of a diagnostics technique previously developed by the authors. The results indicate that the burning speeds calculated through the authors' procedure are in better agreement with the experimental outcomes than those derived from the correlations that are currently available in the literature.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


According to Gorenstein injective module,Du Xianneng and Chen Zhengxin characterized Gorenstein ring.Using Gorenstein projective module,we characterized Gorenstein ring in this paper,and got the main theorem 3 by the push-out diagrams,which showed a clear relationship between the n-Gorenstein ring and Gorenstein projective module.On the above basis,we obtained the theorem 4,which described the equivalence between these two conclusions.In a certain sense,we extended the corresponding conclusion of Gorenstein projecitive module.


Y zeolite was used as catalyst for Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate(PA). The catalytic activity of Y zeolite for Fries rearrangement in liquid phase was investigated, and the factors of effect on the yield were discussed in detail.


In 1993, after 10 years of absence, malaria re‐emerged in the Republic of Korea in Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces near the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). Anopheline mosquitoes are known to play a critical role in malaria transmission. Several studies have used gene expression data to examine the transcription responses of Anopheles gambiae after microbial and Plasmodium infections; however, as of now, there have been no reports of studies concerning the innate immune response and apoptosis in Anopheles sinensis. We have constructed two independent cDNA libraries from An. sinensis challenged with actinomycin‐D (T, treated with apoptosis‐inducing chemical) and without actinomycin‐D (C, control). Analysis of the 5704 (C, 2848; T, 2856) expression sequence tags (ESTs) generated from these libraries identified 884 contigs (C, 421; T, 463) and 2180 singletons (C, 1038; T, 1142) with average lengths of 831 and 817 bp, respectively. Furthermore, comparison of our EST sequences against the eukaryotic orthologous group database showed that 4324 (75.82%) of 5704 sequences could be grouped into three major functional categories. These EST data provide the basis for further studies characterizing the molecular mechanisms of midgut apoptosis.


Objective To study the protective effect of garlicin on radiation injury in mice. Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into five groups:model control group, solvent control group and garlicin treatment groups[0.17, 0.33, 1.00 g/(kg·d)]. After treated by gavage for 20 consecutive days, the mice were exposed to 60Co-γ irradiation for one time and the effect of the irradiation on the amounts of WBC in peripheral blood, the ratio of micronucleus cells in marrow, the content of DNA in marrow cells and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. Results Compared with the exposure group, garlicin increased the amounts of WBC, decreased the micronucleus frequency of marrow cells, increased the content of DNA in marrow cells and increased the SOD activity in mice. Conclusion Garlicin shows a protective effect on irradiation injury in mice.


Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of sulindac, a non-selective cyclooxygenase(COX)inhibitor, on the proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cell line HT-29.Methods HT-29 cells were treated with sulindac. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to measure the proliferation and apoptosis respectively. The laser scanning microscope(LSM)and the fluorescence microscope were used to observe apoptosis of the cells, and the flow cytometry (FCM)analysis was used to observe the cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Results Sulindac inhibited the cells proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-and time-dependent manner. With the TUNEL staining and fluorescence microscope, we found that the apoptosis cell became brown. After the Annexin V/PI staining, we observed that the membrane of apoptosis cells became green with LSM; the nucleosidase became red or crocus. FCM showed that sulindac promoted apoptosis of the cells, made the stage of G0/G1 ceils significantly reduced. Conclusions Our results showed that sulindac may inhibit the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of colon cancer cell HT-29,and the mechanism may probably be related to cell cycle arrest.


Histor ica l ly a l l a symptomat ic and symptomat ic paraesophageal hernias were repaired primarily based on the concern for gastric volvulus and the increased morbidity and mortality associated with an emergent repair. In 2002, Stylopoulos et al. used a Markov Monte Carlo decision analytic model to suggest a watch and wait approach as a safe alternative for asymptomatic paraesophageal hernias, especially in patients over the age of 65 (1). Despite this, the elective repair of asymptomatic paraesophageal hernias remains a controversial topic. There is even more controversy regarding the appropriate management of asymptomatic giant hiatal hernias. Giant hiatal hernias are those defined as Type III and Type IV paraesophageal hernias where greater than 50% of the stomach has herniated into the thoracic cavity (2). Mortality with emergent presentation has been reported Original Article


When one struggles against ancient concepts-and their labels-it seems almost impossible to avoid being misunderstood, even by very perceptive people.1 Ian R. Macneil INTRODUCTION This Symposium, commemorating Ian Macneil's four decades as a contract law teacher and scholar, is filled with irony. All of the participants recognize the immense contribution Macneil has made to contracts scholarship, but only a few of us could be considered enthusiastic devotees of relational contract theory as articulated by Macneil. Even more ironically, while Macneil's work is widely cited, the level of engagement with its details has not been commensurate with its contribution, and the work is frequently misread by scholars. Moreover, Macneil's theory has had a limited direct impact on contract law as determined by the courts and legislatures. Finally-and this is an irony I would like to highlight in this Article-despite the limited engagement with Macneil's work, there have been significant developments in the law itself that are roughly parallel to the approaches he has suggested. In this Article, I want to situate Macneil's relational contract theory within the story of the development of contract law, to describe the parallel developments in the law, and to draw out some of the implications of the theory and the developments. Macneil's scholarship inhabits the broader realm of social theory as well as the narrower realm of contract law, but it is only the narrower realm that I consider here. At each stage of the story I will consider three issues about the version of contract law under discussion. First, what is the scope or structure of the field? What does it contain, and how is its subject matter defined in relation to related fields? Second, what method does the field use? What tools of analysis does it employ to decide cases? Third, what is the field's substance? What are its core principles and purposes? I. CLASSICAL AND NEOCLASSICAL CONTRACT LAW Relational contract is one of the latest steps in the scholarly project of responding to the inadequacies of classical contract law, so the appropriate starting point is the familiar story of classical law,2 along the three dimensions of scope, method, and substance. The scope of contract law as conceived by classical scholars and judges was very broad. Classical contract law was the realm of consensual relations, as distinguished from the nonconsensual relations governed by tort law. All consensual relations of any kind were within the realm of contract. A single body of law could govern such a wide range of transactions because of its method. The classical method involved the application of relatively clear rules of legal doctrine, typically framed at a high level of generality and presenting dichotomous choices. The scope and method served the substance; as the realm of consensual relations, contract law simply set ground rules for self-maximizing private ordering. By the time of its enshrinement in Williston's treatise 3 and the original Restatement of Contracts, classical contract law already was under attack. The essence of the criticism of classical law and its reconstruction through succeeding scholarly generations was contextualization; the more classical contract law was placed in context, the less sense it made. The contextualization took two forms, one internal and the other external to the body of law itself.4 The internal criticism compared the ostensible rules with the results in the cases, finding that the rules did not explain the cases and that no formal, general rules ever could. The external criticism situated the rules in the world of actual contracting practice, arguing that the law's approach needed to be changed to serve the objectives of contract law. Neoclassical contract law-the law of the Uniform Commercial Code, the Restatement (Second) of Contracts, and today-is the product of this criticism. …


Zhang Ailing's prose writing is outstanding.In a volatile context of the times, for many reasons,her works is always imbued with sense of loneliness and nothingness on one hand,on the other hand,her prose is full of the rich flavor of life and the interest of the world,to restore the true nature of people.These two aspects set off each other,and formed a unique landscape of Zhang Ailing's prose.


The effect of Mn addition on the mechanical properties of TiAl base alloys was examined by compression test for Ti-35mass%Al, Ti-36mass%Al and Ti-34.5mass%Al-1.45mass%Mn alloys in the temperature range of 296 to 1 073 K at strain rates of 10-1 to 10-4 sec-1. Mn addition to the TiAl alloy increased the proof stress and improved the deformability at both room temperature and high temperatures. The proof stress of the TiAl alloy containing Mn had the positive temperature dependence for both the as-cast and the heat-treated alloys. The reason for the positive temperature dependence of the proof stress in the as-cast alloy is different from that in the heat-treated alloys, i.e. in the former it is due to a large amount of Ti3Al phase and in the latter alloy it is due to the decrease of the Al content in TiAl phase. The as-cast alloy containing Mn deformed soundly at 1073 K at a strain rate of 10-1 sec-1 and had the compressive strain of more than 50%.


NOO | Review of dietary assessment methods in public health 2 Introduction Accurate and consistent measurement of dietary intake and patterns of eating behaviour is important when evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions to improve diet and reduce obesity. Measurement of dietary intake is complex and the most appropriate measurement method will depend on: the objectives of the surveillance; the type of data required; available resources and the population of interest. All of these factors must be considered carefully before selecting a dietary assessment tool. The aim of this report is to provide a descriptive summary of tools to measure dietary intake and dietary behaviours. Technical details are provided on the reliability and validity of these tools where available. The report does not provide detailed information on dietary surveillance as this has been the focus of work elsewhere – see 'Dietary surveillance and nutritional assessment in England: what is measured and where are the gaps? 1 and the MRC Diet and Physical Activity Measurement Toolkit. a There are several drivers behind the development of this report. The East Midlands Public Health Observatory 2 identified a lack of local level data relating to the diet and nutritional status of populations. There is also a lack of practical tools for public health practitioners to measure dietary intake that provide indicators of nutritional status – either to measure trends in populations, or to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. Work carried out by the National Obesity Observatory (NOO) to develop a framework for evaluating weight management interventions attempted to address the latter point via wide ranging consultation with academics and practitioners. 3 Whilst some useful tools were identified, none were sufficiently valid, reliable and practical for recommendation. This report describes a number of tools, and these descriptions should allow public health practitioners to assess which tool may be most appropriate. It does not set out to prescribe which tools should be used for particular interventions or studies. However, when deciding which approach to take to measure diet with a particular group or population, the demographics of the population should be considered. In addition, it is important to be clear about why particular aspects of diet or dietary behaviour are being measured. It may be helpful to carry out a pilot assessment using the tool in order to test its reliability and suitability. It is also important to consider the resources, time and skills …


Daily gridded data are needed for the validation of e.g. climate models. In this study a comparison of available interpolation methods will be undertaken and the best performing one selected for the development of a daily, long-term (1960-present), high-resolution (up to 20 km grid) dataset for Europe of mean, minimum and maximum temperature, precipitation, mean sea level pressure and snow depth. Six methods are to be compared: natural neighbour interpolation (NNI); angular distance weighting (ADW); kriging; thin plate splines (TPS); reduced space optimal interpolation (RSOI); and conditional interpolation (CI). So far, we compared four of the six methods, calculating the root mean squared error (RMSE), linear error in probability space score (LEPS) and the Pearson correlation coefficient (R) in a crossvalidation exercise. Taking into account that two out of the six methods (RSOI and CI) have not yet been automated and that none of the methods have yet been fine tuned, all four working methods perform well. The simple interpolation method NNI gives, generally, the best results. However, the comparison of methods will continue. Both RSOI and CI will be added to the comparison and a validation of area average values for the UK and Switzerland will be introduced. After that the best performing method will be chosen, the dataset developed and validated and the uncertainties of the dataset estimated.


The global economy has over the last years faced a number of changes and challenges with the financial crisis, which have significant impacts on almost all countries. At the time of writing this report it is still too early to analyze the full consequences of the crisis and fully grasp the potential impacts, but the attendant issues and their possible solutions are emerging. The crisis comes after a decade of unprecedented economic growth in many countries including most of the major economies. Globalization and free market economy have been dominant and the crisis now seems to bring back focus on the role of government and policy in almost all countries and economic sectors.


PBS (Painted Body Store) scheduling problem is common in the automotive industry. Company J is a long-established automotive company and its PBS between the painting shop and the general assembly shop is special. In this PBS, company J expects to change the arrangement of car bodies' models and power types by adjusting the way the lanes are used, while minimizing the number of using return lanes and the maximum completion time. In order to optimize the 4 objectives of company J, a mathematical model is developed and a hybrid co-evolutionary genetic algorithm (CHGA) is proposed. Special neighborhood structures are designed to make the search process more directional. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is tested with company J's data. For two data sets, the solution of CHGA improved by 48.66% and 25.44% on the comprehensive objective, respectively.


This paper proposes a new man-machine technique for operator's consoles at plant control centers. The technique is direct manipulation of objects in real motion pictures taken by monitor cameras. Operators can manipulate devices placed in a plant, such as buttons and sliders, with pick and drag operations on the real motion pictures. They can also get information related to objects which they pick on the real motion pictures. The virtues of the technique are:(1) The operators intuitively understand what they are doing and what is going on as the result of their manipulation because of the realty of the pictures, as compared with graphic interfaces.(2) The consistent interface to real motion pictures and to graphics is established. Operators can manipulate objects shown either in real motion pictures or in graphics in the same direct manipulation manner.A prototype man-machine interface with the technique is presented to show how the technique is applied to plant control centers.


Thedensity(ρ) and speed of sound (u)of the binarymixture (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (carbitol) + propylene glycol (PG)) have been reported at T= (288.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15) K. The excess molar volume ( ) and isentropic compressibility deviation (Δκs) were calculated using the measured data. The obtained values of ( ) and (Δκs) are negative and positive, respectively, and become more negative and more positive with an increase in carbitol mole fraction. The ρ, u, Vm and κs values of the mixture were correlated by the Jouyban-Acree model with high accuracy. Furthermore, the calculated  and Δκs values were correlated well by the Redlich-Kister equation.


This paper studies the effect of pressure change in water mist system on the mist field distribution,and quantitatively displays the characteristic of field distribution of water mist.It is found that the total flow of the water mist increases with the rise of the system pressure,and water mist distribution concentrated to the center.By changing the fuels type,system pressure and fire location,we analyze the extinguishing effectiveness at different water mist intensities.It is also found that the fire extinguishing efficiency is high under the intense water mist field distribution;by contrast,fire will not be extinguished under the low field intensity.On the other hand,the effectiveness of fire extinguishing of water mist is different when the water mist field strength is low,the fire will be strengthened for the low flash point of the fuels,and it will be suppressed while flash points are high.


The combination of underwater acoustic processing and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has achieved remarkable economic benefits in offshore operations. As the key technology of GNNS positioning, feature extraction of underwater acoustic signals is affected by the complex marine environment. To extract more effective information from underwater acoustic signals, we use four types of multi-scale entropies, including multi-scale sample entropy (MSE), multi-scale fuzzy entropy (MFE), multi-scale permutation entropy (MPE), and multi-scale dispersion entropy (MDE), to analyze and distinguish underwater acoustic signals. In this study, two groups of real-word underwater acoustic signal experiments were performed for feature extraction of ship-radiated noises (SRNs) and ambient noises (ANs). The results indicated that the performance of the MFE-based feature extraction method is superior to that of feature extraction methods based on the other three entropies under the same number of features, and the highest average recognition rate (ARR) of the MFE-based feature extraction method for SRNs reaches 100% when the number of features is 3.


There are corruptions in The poems of The Song dynasty. The main objective of this paper is to find out those corruptions and mistakes, make classification, analyze them then clarify the problem to our academic field of ancient literature. Hope the presentation here could benefit those researchers of the same interest.


This paper applied a genetic algorithm(GA) to optimize the parameters of Support vector machine(SVM) for daily flow forecasting in Chickasaw creek at Mobile County.To investigate the impact of variable enabling/disabling of streamflow,rainfall and evapotranspiration on model prediction accuracy,four modelling structures with different input vectors were developed and their performance was evaluated in terms of the mean square error and the coefficient of determination.The results show that the third modelling structure consisting of the past 3 days' streamflow,the past rainfall and evapotranspiration as the inputs is superior to other model structure in performance.Compared with the BP neural network,experimental results show that accuracy of the proposed SVM model is slightly better than the latter in this article and can be used for forecasting the daily flow of reservoir or hydropower plant.


When the individual career develops to a certain stage,he will be underpowered,exhausted and lack of confidence for the future due to his internal and external reasons.The causes for primary and secondary school teachers cover different aspects such as family,school,and society and so on.If primary and secondary school teachers want to overcome the difficulty,the teachers,schools and the society should take precautions against it at its early time and constantly seek teachers' lifelong development opportunity and countermeasures.


In planning a power generation system using waste as an energy source, it is necessary to conduct an initial analysis of the potential local waste available. Not all waste can be used as the source of thermal energy by burning in an incinerator. Therefore, the selection is required to obtain the suitable waste and characterization to determine the potential thermal energy content in the waste. This article aims to obtain the electrical capacity produced from local waste to generate electricity in some regions of the city of Medan. The analysis is carried out on the availability of the waste and its potential for thermal energy generated. The selected incinerator of the fixed bed type with a two-stage air supply was explained comprehensively. Minimum pollution, high thermal conversion, and ease of operation are the critical point considered for the selected incinerator. The results revealed that 50 kWe was generated from a power plant system using waste. This amount of electricity can provide electricity for 25 households in the area where the case is located. This study is expected to provide sustainable waste management to the city of Medan in converting the waste into the household electricity supply.


Indoor positioning plays an important role in various location-based services (LBSs). In conventional systems, the process of constructing radio maps for positioning usually involves labor-intensive manual calibrations, which seriously limits the system's scalability and adaptiveness. In this paper, we propose an efficient calibration-free method by leveraging on crowdsourced WiFi signal data that are captured passively through a WiFi sensing testbed. Since the ground truths of the crowdsourced data are unavailable, the radio maps cannot be directly constructed. In the proposed method, we adopt the multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique to compute the positions of the unlabeled data thereby generating radio maps. In order to enable MDS, we estimate the pairwise distances among the unlabeled data by using an improved trilateration method and a law of cosine (LoC)-based geometrical algorithm without online pairwise measurements. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is higher than trilateration-based method and reasonably lower than that of calibration-based method. Meanwhile, the run time of the proposed method is shorter than previous optimization-based methods. The short run time allows the radio maps to be dynamically updated against the environmental variations.


PURPOSE: A support unit and a substrate processing apparatus having the same are provided to minimize damage to the substrate in a thermal process about the substrate. CONSTITUTION: A processing space processing a substrate is supplied inside a chamber(100). A support unit(1000) supports the substrate. A heating member(200) heats the substrate. A plurality of support pins(1040) is upwardly protruded from a plate. At least one sub pin(1060) is projected from the plate to the top. The support pin is located around the sub pin. [Reference numerals] (226) Power supply unit; (248) Power supply unit; (300) Controller


The goal of our work is to develop a catalyst with a high selectivity for straight α-chain olefins and wax by optimizing promoters and reaction conditions. The effects of potassium and copper promotion on the activity and selectivity of precipitade iron catalysts used in the slutrry phase Fischer Tropsch synthesis is the subject of this work


OBJECTIVES
Atropine sulphate, a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine (ACh) at muscarinic receptors, was first isolated from Atropa belladonna, one of the most used and best known homeopathic medicines. It has been suggested that high potencies of homeopathic atropine sulphate might have an influence on ACh-induced contraction of smooth muscles. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of homeopathic dilutions of atropine sulphate D6, D32, and D100 compared to the potentized diluents L6, L32, and L100 on ACh-induced contraction of isolated rat ileum.

DESIGN
Forty-eight (48) ileal sections from 12 male Wistar rats were incubated in modified Krebs solutions, and the contractile activity responses to ACh obtained in the absence and presence of the test substances were recorded. Investigators and biometrician were completely blinded.

RESULTS
No significant effects of atropine sulphate D6, D32, or D100 could be found (all p > 0.4 after Bonferoni-Holm correction) compared to the potentized diluents L6, L32, and L100, respectively. These figures did not change considerably even when strict a priori criteria were applied that define a measurement as valid and comparable.

CONCLUSIONS
Our experiments could not replicate previous results on the effects of homeopathic atropine.


We discuss the application of the Composite Particle Representation and Boson-Fermion Hybrid Representation to Boson behavior in Fermion Systems. 5 references, 4 figures.


Gestational or pregnancy-associated breast cancer is defined as breast cancer that is diagnosed during pregnancy, in the first postpartum year, or any time during lactation. We report rare imaging findings of a breast cancer seen on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) study in a 32-year-old lactating woman. The FDG PET/CT study demonstrated uptake in the soft tissue lesion noted in the right breast corresponding to primary lesion and multiple nodes in bilateral axilla, right supraclavicular and mediastinum. In addition, there was FDG tracer uptake in both the breast parenchyma-related to breast feeding. This case illustrates the first case of breast cancer in a lactating woman detected by FDG PET/CT.


Background and Objectives: Induction of myocardial infarction (MI) in rats by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery is an experimental model used in research to elucidate functional, structural, and molecular modifications associated with ischemic heart disease. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has become a therapeutic alternative by modulating various biological processes eliciting several effects, including anti‐inflammatory and pro‐proliferative actions. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of PBMT in the modulation of transcriptional and post‐transcriptional changes that occurred in myocardium signal transduction pathways after MI. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Continuous wave (CW) non‐thermal laser parameters were: 660 nm wavelength, power 15 mW, with a total energy of 0.9 J, fluence of 1.15 J/cm2, spot size of 0.785 cm2, and time of 60 seconds. Using in silico analysis, we selected and then, quantified the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) of 47 genes of 9 signaling pathways associated with MI (angiogenesis, cell survival, hypertrophy, oxidative stress, apoptosis, extracellular matrix, calcium kinetics, cell metabolism, and inflammation). Messenger RNA expression quantification was performed in myocardial samples by polymerase chain reaction real‐time array using TaqMan customized plates. Results: Our results evidenced that MI modified mRNA expression of several well‐known biomarkers related to detrimental cardiac activity in almost all signaling pathways analyzed. However, PBMT reverted most of these transcriptional changes. More expressively, PBMT provoked a robust decrease in mRNA expression of molecules that participate in post‐MI inflammation and ECM composition, such as IL‐6, TNF receptor, TGFb1, and collagen I and III. Global microRNA (miRNA) expression analysis revealed that PBMT decreased miR‐221, miR‐34c, and miR‐93 expressions post‐MI, which are related to deleterious effects in cardiac remodeling.


Objective To observe the changes of sperm quality,fertility rate and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in patients with less-weak-malformation sperms before and after taking nutriments.Methods The 110 patients with less-weak-malformation sperms were enrolled in the study,whose semen was detected according to WHO semen analysis methods.The content of MDA in serum and seminal plasma was detected by penthiobarbital acid colorimetry.The pregnancy diagnosis was performed by B ultrasound for the patients' spouses in order to determine fertility rate.The experimental results were analyzed by means of own control before and after taking nutriments.Results Before and after taking nutrients,the patients' average sperm densities were(19.6±0.89) 106/ml vs(39.45±3.07) 106/ml,average sperm vigor was(21.31±3.91)% vs(35.03±3.85)%,average sperm deformity rates were(86.85±8.39)% vs(52.99±9.97)%,and the MDA levels in serum were(0.167±0.071) nmol/ml vs(0.103±0.015) nmol/ml,which in seminal plasma were(0.183±0.016) nmol/ml vs(0.092±0.011) nmol/ml,respectively,There were significant differences in these parameters mentioned above before and after taking nutrients(P0.01).Conclusion The nutrients can enhance the sperm density,sperm vigor and reduce sperm deformity rate in patients with less-weak-malformation sperms,which can reduce MDA contents in serum and seminal plasma so as to increase fertility rate.


Photograph of the home of Osjetea Briggs, which was located just out of the city limits on the highway going toward Rusk.


Abstract:Despite its apparent geographical restriction, the translation "the Judeans" for the Johannine expression οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι has gained many supporters in the past decade. This trend may have been influenced by the view of Steve Mason (2007) that the translation "the Judeans" is not limited to a geographical meaning but is inclusive of religious and political connotations as well. Subsequently, he posits that the term οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι should be translated "the Judeans" as it captures best the ethnic centrality of Judea in the lives of concurrent Ἰουδαῖοι as evinced, for example, in the writings of Flavius Josephus. This proposal calls our attention since we know that the Fourth Gospel was composed in the same generation, prompting us to ask whether we should also consider the rendition "the Judeans" for οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι or not. To answer this question, this article explores John's ethnic portrayal of the Ἰουδαῖοι in his narrative and juxtaposes it with the Josephan understanding. Recognising the ambiguous and fluid nature of ethnic identification in the writings of John and Josephus, this article argues that the translation "the Judeans"—within Mason's reasoning—does not match the contested ethnic context of the Johannine narrative.


A system and method for recognizing a gesture made by a warm object is provided. The system includes a thermal sensor configured to generate a low-frequency or direct-current signal after receiving the heat. The spatial optical modulation element is disposed between the heat sensors and radiation. The optical member is configured to modulate the thermal energy received by the thermal sensor as a function of the orientation of the warmer object on the thermal sensor. Electronic units to communicate with the thermal sensor comprises a processor and a memory. The processor is set by the memory to detect the variation of the heat sensor signal and recognizing the characteristics of the thermal sensor signal.


On the basis of analyzing characteristics of 1-hydroxyethlidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid(HEDP) production process,this paper presents a means of AI control with self-adapting fuzzy controller to HEDP production,and expounds the software design of self-adapting fuzzy control system.Simulating results show that its controlled output can follow the initial value very soon and effectively.It can be a reference for improving HEDP production control.


This invention is a continuous type vaporizing device that makes it possible to output a large flow rate of the material gas stably while the vaporizing device is downsized. The vaporizing device comprises a vaporizing tank (11) that has a vaporizing chamber (11a) and that outputs a material gas that is produced by vaporizing the liquid material that is introduced into the vaporizing chamber (11a), a heater that promotes vaporization of the liquid material in the vaporizing chamber by heating the vaporization tank (11), and a partition wall (6) that partitions a lower space of the vaporizing chamber (11a) into a first lower space (11e) into which the liquid material is introduced first and a second lower space (11f) into which the liquid material that overflows from the first lower space (11e) is introduced.


Types of the three species of Arthrostenus Schoenherr, 1826 described by C. H. Boheman, housed at the C. J. Schoenherr collection in the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm are examined. The lectotype is designated for Arthrostenus fullo Boheman, 1836. The holotypes of Arthrostenus spadiceus Boheman, 1836 and Arthrostenus cinereus Boheman, 1836 are conspecific, which resulted in a new synonymy as follows: Arthrostenus spadiceus Boheman, 1836 = Arthrostenus cinereus Boheman, 1836; syn. nov. Digital photographs for the three types are presented.


carefully analyzed. The reviewer objects to the author's statement on leadership that "it involves a subordinate-superior relationship" (p. 317). While it is doubtful that the term "Industrial Warfare" fairly describes the chapter, and it might be questionable whether there is such strife between management and labor as to term it warfare, surely there is not extensive willing cooperation. The observation that both parties must act in a more mature manner, and settle differences through joint action is certainly a challenge to all parties. The effects of unemployment are analyzed from a social and individual point of view. Some of the strengths, uses, and limitations of Psychological Testing are presented. The problems are dealt with in a way which bear careful study by those using, those contemplating use, or by the research-minded individual. He cautions against expecting too much from tests or from widespread application of those tests which have been tailormade or adapted to a specific situation. The author states that there should be a closer relationship between test results and job performances. In a Test Appendix he lists twenty-nine well-recognized tests and presents in condensed form, such information as may be pertinent, such as description, time, validity and reliability, referring readers to the text page where they have been hitherto mentioned. The material presented on Consumer Research, Advertising, and Selling will be especially interesting to marketing men. One might summarize the line of thoughts presented therein by saying that some research is merely the rearranging of former preconceived prejudices, that much advertising money is wasted, and that sales psychology is not psychology as the psychologist knows it, nor does it result in the sales which the would-be seller anticipates. In the field of hiring and training salesmen, as well as in the marketing fields enumerated above, he points out that psychology has much to offer. The author has emphasized throughout the book that too little attention has been given to research, too much to snap judgment, or to trial and error methods. He has 109


Very low index silica aerogel thin films were deposited by spin-coating silica sols synthesized by a two-step acid/base catalyzed method. The film shows an index as low as 1.117 and an optical absorption of 10 ppm.


In this paper is introduced the use of carding cloth for high deusity cylinder of PX2 comber,and the usability of this high density cylinder carding cloth is also analyzed from the view point of fiber length eveness and carding power,thus provided some reference for the proper use of comber cylinder.


Objective To explore the correlation between gene polymorphisms of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) and clinical characteristics of schizophrenia.Methods Altogether 303 schizophrenia patients and 300 healthy controls recruited were consistent with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Their clinical data and blood samples were collected.The gene polymorphisms of GDNF were determined with PCR-RFLP technique.We selected 2 SNP loci of GDNF gene,rs2973050 and rs2910702.SPSS13.0 software was used to make statistical analysis.Results ① Rs2910702 of GDNF in the patient group was deviated from Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium(χ2=24.983,P=0.000).② The allele frequency of GDNF had no significant difference in distribution between the patient group and the control group(P0.05),but the genotype frequency differed significantly in distribution between the cases and controls(P0.05).③ GDNF genotypes were not significantly correlated with the clinical typing of schizophrenia or factors in PANSS scale.Conclusion Rs2973050 genotype C/C and rs2910702 genotype G/G may be related to the occurrence of schizophrenia;therefore,they are the risk genotypes of schizophrenia.


Hemiplegias of cranial origin are among such clinical pictures, with which a neuropathologist meets especially often. But, in spite of this, science has not yet said its last word about them. Moreover, some of the symptoms of suffering still remain poorly understood even from the outside, not to mention their pathogenesis. We know, for example, that movement disorders during hemiplegias also extend to the healthy half of the body; these disorders, which have long attracted the attention of observers, are in their considerable part described with sufficient detail; However, at least from time to time, the clinic presents us with new combinations, which indicate how deeply and together with how differently the disease of one hemisphere can affect the motor functions of the other.


Employee performance can be achieved if the company properly implements an accounting information system and management control system. This study aimed to determine the effect of accounting information systems and management control systems on the performance of the Kotanopan sub-district employees. This research is a type of quantitative research with primary data sources obtained by distributing questionnaires to 30 employees. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the accounting information system had no significant effect on the performance of the Kotanopan sub-district employees and the management control system significantly affected the performance of the Kotanopan sub-district employees. This means that the better the management control system in the company, organization, or agency, the more employee performance will also increase.


Today`s retail environment is characterised by new, store and non-store, retailing formats, a wide range of new products, the use of new information and communication technologies and, consequently, the changing customer behaviour. Catalogue retailing is a non-store retail format that has a long history in North America and Europe. Previous research revealed that the primary shopping motives related to catalogue retailing were convenience oriented. Other motives included recreational orientations, merchandise, order services and perceived value. With growing competition from both store and non-store retailing, catalogue retailers face challenges of increasing customer satisfaction, increasing sales volume and maintaining customer loyalty. In order to survive in a dynamic retailing environment, catalogue retailers must adapt their retailing concepts to the changing market conditions. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the evolution of catalogue retailing and the transformation of catalogue etailers into integrated, customer-centric, multichannel retailers. Integrated multichannel retailing approach means meeting customers` needs better by exploiting the advantages and overcoming the weaknesses of each channel. In that context, key issues regarding advantages and challenges of multichannel retailing are also discussed.


1 The Need for Prevention.- 2 What Works Today in Prevention.- 3 A Prevention Program that Works: Creating Lasting Family Connections.- 4 Illustrative Examples from the Parent and Youth Training Components.- 5 The Creating Lasting Family Connections Community Mobilization Strategy.- 6 Questions and Answers about Creating Lasting Family Connections.- Conclusion.- Appendix A Resiliency Factors by Domain and CLFC Components.- Appendix B The CLFC Program Logic Model.- Appendix C Integrating CLFC Materials into Community Prevention Efforts.- References.


A rack-mounted frequency-routing type photonic ATM switch (FRONTIERNET) has been developed. The signal speed is 2.5 Gbit/s and maximum switch size is 16/spl times/16. The measured Q-factor was Q>II corresponding to BER<10/sup -28/.


Copper oxide thin films are deposited low pH (<6) and low and high temperatures (10°C and 60°C), using cathodic electrochemical deposition. The effects of the deposition current densities are studied in a range including values high enough to electrolyze water, promoting hydrogen bubbles generation. The influences of deposition variables on film composition and structural, morphological, and optical properties are investigated. Auger electron spectroscopy results indicate the fabrication of both Cu 2 O and CuO, which is consistent with the results of Raman spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns show (111) and (220) peaks related to Cu 2 O for the samples deposited at 60°C, whereas samples deposited at low temperatures are almost amorphous.


The visual pigments of fish are thought to be adapted to the variable spectral qualities of aquatic light environments. Most research on the role of natural selection on the evolution of rhodopsins and dim‐light vision in fish has focused on variation among species and higher taxa. In this issue, Larmuseau et al. reveal substantial intraspecific sequence variation in RH1 (the rhodopsin gene) in sand gobies (Pomatoschistus minutus). Using population genetics and molecular evolution approaches, they detect positive selection on RH1 and find evidence for adaptation to local light conditions.


The first lay-down heliostat with monolithic concentrator was erected at the Solar Tower Julich. The main components and their main features are described: azimuth and elevation drive, concentrator, control, and the cleaning system concept. The dimensions of the elevation drive and the carriage already match the requirements of a 50 m² heliostat that shall be developed in a follow-up project.The first lay-down heliostat with monolithic concentrator was erected at the Solar Tower Julich. The main components and their main features are described: azimuth and elevation drive, concentrator, control, and the cleaning system concept. The dimensions of the elevation drive and the carriage already match the requirements of a 50 m² heliostat that shall be developed in a follow-up project.


We conducted randomized experiments to provide management training for 312 Vietnamese small manufacturers in 2010 and repeatedly collected follow-up data in 2011, 2013, and 2016. Analyzing panel data constructed from our surveys with negligible incidence of attrition (less than 2 percent of the baseline sample), we find that the treated enterprises were 17 percentage points more likely to continue business five years after the training, when a five-year survival rate among the control group was 52 percent. In addition, the treated enterprises, particularly a sub-group that received both classroom and on-site training programs, had significantly higher business performance than the control group. Mediation analysis suggests that the higher business performance was due to sustainably improved management skill and change in entrepreneurial mindset.


Quantum interference forces two indistinguishable input photons to depart a beamsplitter in the same (of two possible) spatial output modes; this is known as the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect. It provides a quantitative way of measuring the distinguishability between two photons and also has been utilised to determine their relative temporal delays [1, 2]. HOM interferometry offers numerous advantages over its classical counterpart, most importantly it lacks any dependence on the phase of the photons and therefore can potentially provide reliable measurements in environments where the phase is unstable. To date there have been very few investigations on the precision that is achievable with HOM interferometry. Experiments with collinear geometries have yielded sensitivities as low as 0.1fs however these approaches are limited to measurements of birefringence and other polarisation dependent effects [3, 4], as the precision derives from the inherently stable shared path of the photon pairs. Typical non-shared path HOM interferometers exhibit resolution of roughly 1–3 fs (0.3–1 μm).


Background and Purpose: We explored the new BP thresholds and their impact on first-ever stroke risk determinations. Results: During a mean following-up period of 21.85 years, 638 first-ever strokes occurred among 3906 participants. After adjusting for covariates, the hazard ratios for ischemic stroke (IS) in men aged <60 years were significant higher in participants with elevated BP, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension than normal BP (all P<0.05); an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was also observed for those with stage 2 hypertension. Similarly, in women aged, the risk of stroke increased for those with stage 2 hypertension both in <60 years and in ≥60 years. Moreover, more than 60% of incident strokes were attributed to systolic BP (SBP) ≥120mmHg and diastolic BP (DBP) <80mmHg in men aged <60 years. Conclusions: Elevated BP increases the risk of developing stroke, particularly in the absence of routine BP measurements and hypertension treatment. A strict BP management target (SBP, <120 mmHg; DBP, <80 mmHg) should be adopted for young and middle-aged men. Methods: This population-based cohort study was conducted between October 1991 and January 2018. The association of BP categories, defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA BP guideline, with first-ever stroke risk was assessed using Cox regression models.


The present invention provides a sheet conveying device and the reverse-type image forming apparatus having it. When the conveying motor is stopped from the time point (t1) through which a first elapsed time (At3) reaches a first predetermined time (S1), connected to the registration roller electromagnetic clutch. Further, in a first elapsed time (At3) reaches 50ms time (T2), the conveyance motor begins to move forward. Further, from the time (t2) elapsed a second elapsed time (At4) reaches a second predetermined time period (S2) (certain time) (T3), the reverse roller switching the electromagnetic clutch from the connected state to the disconnected state, whereby each reverse rollers and discharge rollers rotatably, followed at time (T4), the winding of the solenoid de-energized, thus reversing the respective roller separation.


The techniques of citation analysis were used to study the literature of medical decision making, beginning with Ledley and Lusted's 1959 article in Science. From five experts in the fields of computer-aided diagnosis and clinical decision analysis and from a review of Index Medicus subject headings, we identified 36 documents in the period 1959-70 as a starting point. Articles were provisionally added to this core