The accreditation system for engineering education as it is implemented in Canada is described in terms of a brief history, and an explanation of the approach which it incorporates. It includes a quality assurance component, but also provides for the preparation of graduates for proceeding to professional licensure. The internationally focused activities conducted to ensure Canadian awareness of the relationship of its system to those which are in place elsewhere in the world and which facilitate obtaining mutual recognition between its and other national accreditation systems is explained. The nature of the active Canadian program of assistance to countries which are on a path to developing their own accreditation systems is presented. Current activities associated with its shift into the more outcomes-based assessment approaches which are increasingly being used in the world, and the future challenges presented by this trend and by the emergence of potential new engineering disciplines close the paper. Introduction to the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board The Canadian Council of Professional Engineers (CCPE, hereinafter referenced as Engineers Canada, its business name) is the federation of provincial and territorial regulatory bodies (constituent members or CMs) which license professional engineers, each within its jurisdiction. It coordinates certain aspects of the profession across Canada. The Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB), a standing committee of Engineers Canada, is responsible for the accreditation of Canadian engineering education programs. The CEAB has two goals: that engineering programs offered by Canadian universities will meet or exceed minimum educational standards acceptable for professional engineering licensure in Canada; and that the quality and relevance of engineering education will continuously improve. The CEAB strives to meet these goals by continuously reviewing and updating the policies and procedures for evaluating university engineering programs. In addition to advising Engineers Canada on all matters related to engineering education, the CEAB works closely with Canadian universities to ensure that accredited engineering programs are able to impart to their graduates the skills and knowledge needed to become productive members of the profession. It also offers advice to universities developing new engineering programs, to help them ensure that those programs ultimately meet the criteria for accreditation specified by Engineers Canada. As part of this process, Engineers Canada produces an annual report outlining the CEAB's criteria and procedures 1 . The report lists the Canadian undergraduate engineering programs that are currently, or have ever been, accredited by the CEAB. It also describes the work and composition of the teams of volunteers who conduct program evaluation visits to Canadian universities on the CEAB's behalf. Several subcommittees, including the Executive Committee, Policies and Procedures Committee, and P ge 13265.2 Nominating Committee, assist the CEAB in its work. The CEAB is currently composed of fifteen professional engineers drawn from the private, public and academic sectors. The members are volunteers and represent different parts of the country as well as a wide range of engineering disciplines. The CEAB serves both English and French language institutions. A Historical Perspective on Engineers Canada and the CEAB Established in 1936, as CCPE, Engineers Canada is the national organization of the 12 provincial and territorial constituent members that regulate the practice of engineering in Canada and license the country's more than 160,000 professional engineers. Engineers Canada serves its constituent members by ensuring on a national basis, that the highest standards of engineering education, professional qualifications and ethical conduct are in place. In addition to being the voice of its constituent members in national and international affairs, Engineers Canada establishes national policies, positions and guidelines on behalf of the engineering profession. It also promotes greater understanding of the nature, role and contribution of engineering to society, and undertakes federal government relations and national media relations on behalf of, and in consultation with, its constituent members. The Engineers Canada's policy setting and governing body is the Engineers Canada Board of Directors on which there is representation from each of Canada's 12 licensing bodies. Engineers Canada also has several operational Boards and Committees that undertake a wide range of activities and initiatives to implement the policies established by the Engineers Canada Board of Directors. They include: • Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board • Canadian Engineering Qualifications Board • International Committee In 1965, the then CCPE established the Canadian Accreditation Board (CAB), now known as the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board, to accredit Canadian undergraduate engineering programs that meet or exceed the minimum educational criteria. Experience requirements as prescribed by the provincial/territorial CM in the region of the institution must also be met for a candidate to become licensed in that Canadian jurisdiction. The CEAB is also responsible for ascertaining the degree of equivalence of accreditation systems in other countries and for monitoring the activities of those bodies with which mutual recognition agreements have been signed. Accreditation and Substantial Equivalency Evaluations An accreditation visit is undertaken at the invitation of a particular institution and with the concurrence of the constituent member having jurisdiction. A team of senior engineers is assembled under the direction of a current or recent CEAB member. A detailed questionnaire is completed by the institution and sent to the team prior to the visit. During the visit, the team examines the academic and professional quality of faculty and support staff, adequacy of laboratories, libraries, equipment and computer facilities, and the quality of the students' work. P ge 13265.3 A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the curriculum content is performed to ensure that it meets the minimum criteria. Finally, the team reports its findings to the CEAB which then makes an accreditation decision. It may grant (or extend) accreditation of a program for a period of up to six years or it may deny accreditation altogether. Preparation for an accreditation visit centres on the completion of the questionnaire. The questionnaire serves as a means for collecting data on the institution and its engineering program(s) and gives the institution an opportunity to review and articulate its educational objectives and processes. The visiting team considers the information provided by the institution and that which it has gathered while on site. The team reports the pertinent information distilled so that the CEAB, in its subsequent deliberations, may make an informed accreditation decision. In Canada, 40 educational institutions offer accredited undergraduate engineering programs leading to an engineering degree at the bachelor level. There are currently more than 230 accredited engineering programs, in a wide range of engineering disciplines. In addition to the well-known disciplines such as civil, electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering, aspiring engineers can enter accredited programs in bioresource, computer, environmental, materials, mining and software engineering, among others. Engineers Canada, through its International Committee (IC), strives to achieve recognition by the international community of Canadian standards of excellence in engineering education and practice. Where appropriate, Engineers Canada will enter into agreements with other nonCanadian organizations concerning mutual recognition of accreditation systems or professional engineering qualifications. The CEAB assists in this mission by ascertaining the equivalency and acceptability of accreditation systems in other countries relative to the Canadian system, and by evaluating, upon request, engineering education programs in other countries. These evaluations follow the CEAB's policies and procedures, but may only lead to a decision of "substantial equivalency" for such programs in foreign institutions. The term "substantial equivalency" means "comparable in program content and educational experience" and it implies reasonable confidence that the graduates possess the academic competencies needed to begin professional practice at the entry level. The CEAB recommends that the Canadian licensing bodies treat graduates of programs evaluated as substantially equivalent as if they were graduates of CEAB-accredited programs for the period that substantial equivalence is in effect. Since CEAB accreditation is designed to provide graduates with an education satisfying the academic requirements for licensure within Canada, the CEAB uses the term 'accreditation' only within Canada. Through the CEAB's activities, the Canadian criteria and procedures for accrediting undergraduate engineering programs are now recognized around the world. As a result, there are ten programs at four institutions in three countries that have been deemed substantially equivalent to a CEAB program and several other institutions have expressed an interest in having their engineering programs evaluated by the CEAB. P ge 13265.4 Accreditation and Engineers Canada's International Activities Engineers Canada, through the CEAB, has signed mutual recognition agreements with the accreditation bodies of several other countries. Three agreements currently in force recognize that the systems of the CEAB and the other party for accreditation of programs leading to a degree in engineering are substantially equivalent and that the accredited programs of both parties satisfy the academic requirements for entry to the practice of enginee


∗ This paper innovatively proposes a channel attention mechanism and graph convolutional network model adapted to 3D reconstruction, and combines the target detection model to construct a neural network that generates a target 3D model from a single RGB image. The model first generates the target 3D Voxels, and further generates a more refined 3D Meshes model through the graph convolutional network. Compared with the control group algorithm, the Pix3D dataset AP mesh index has been improved by 2.8%, which fully proves the effectiveness of the model in single-image 3D reconstruction. The experimental results show that the algorithm has good usability in the 3D reconstruction of actual mesh points.


The technology of On-Demand Password (ODP), as an instance of authentication or other secure services technologies, is designed to assist the smart phone users accomplishing to forget their password and access any service with servers and thus having a better quality of life while preserving their privacy. The paper firstly proposed a universal and enhanced ODP scheme which can achieve two kinds of services without remembering any password for users: The first is login service which can make users use the ODP which was sent by the registration center (RC) to login certain server, such as E-mail and E-payment service. The other is session service which can let users use the ODP to get a secure session key with certain server, such as consulting service. Furthermore, our enhanced ODP scheme does not need to input the temporary short password which was sent by RC. Because this short password was already in the right place, the user only need to adopt some confirmed way, such as draw lines to confirm. About practical environment, we adopt multi-server architecture which can allow the user to register at the RC once and can access all the permitted services provided by the eligible servers. Then a new universal and enhanced ODP scheme is given based on chaotic maps. Security of the scheme is based on chaotic maps hard problems, a secure one way hash function and a secure symmetric cryptosystem. Compared with the related literatures recently, our proposed scheme can not only own high efficiency and unique functionality, but is also robust to various attacks and achieves perfect forward secrecy. Finally, we give the security proof and the efficiency analysis of our proposed scheme.


We present a new measurement of EG, which combines measurements of weak gravitational lensing, galaxy clustering, and redshift-space distortions. This statistic was proposed as a consistency test of General Relativity (GR) that is insensitive to linear, deterministic galaxy bias, and the matter clustering amplitude. We combine deep imaging data from KiDS with overlapping spectroscopy from 2dFLenS, BOSS DR12, and GAMA and find EG(z = 0.267) = 0.43 ± 0.13 (GAMA), EG(z = 0.305) = 0.27 ± 0.08 (LOWZ+2dFLOZ), and EG(z = 0.554) = 0.26 ± 0.07 (CMASS+2dFHIZ). We demonstrate that the existing tension in the value of the matter density parameter hinders the robustness of this statistic as solely a test of GR. We find that our EG measurements, as well as existing ones in the literature, favour a lower matter density cosmology than the cosmic microwave background. For a flat CDM Universe, we find m(z = 0) = 0.25 ± 0.03. With this paper, we publicly release the 2dFLenS data set at: http://2dflens.swin.edu.au.


The effects of different weed competition periods on some soybean yield parameters were studied in field trials with cultivars Santa Rosa and IAC-2 in two soils, "Latossol Roxo" and "Dark-Red Latossol - sandy phase", at Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design of randomized blocks was used. The cultivars were kept with and without weed competition since the emergence for periods of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days. Based on the results the following conclusions may be drawn: the soybean crop should be kept free of weed competition during the first 30 to 40 days for cv. Santa Rosa and during the first 50 days for cv. IAC-2; for both cultivars yield increase was evident beyond first 20 days weeded in "Latossol Roxo" and 30 days for "Dark-Red Latossol - sandy phase", reaching the maximum value at 50th for Santa Rosa cultivar and around 60th days for 'IAC-2'; in the 1977/78 season (for "Latossol Roxo") weed competition during the first 20 days after emergence caused yield losses to both cultivars, whereas in the 1978/79 season ("Dark-Red Latossol -sandy phase") this period extended to 40 first days, showing the importance of edafic -climatic interferences and different weed species in the competition process; among all parameters related to the grain yield the number of pods per plant was the most affected by weed competition.


In a recent issue of this journal, Akerman (2008) offered an extended critique of my paper 'An artefact of colonial desire: Kimberley points and the technologies of enchantment', published in Current Anthropology in 2006. This paper was the third in a series of articles dealing with the function of Kimberley points within Kimberley Aboriginal societies (Harrison 2002a), their chronology (Harrison 2004) and their reception by non-Indigenous collectors, ethnographers and archaeologists in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries (Harrison 2006). I have already responded to the points raised in his rejoinder to the Current Anthropology article in a subsequent number of that journal (Akerman 2007; Harrison 2007), but offer the following points of clarification in response to his extended critique. In the first instance I would refer any reader to the original papers, which contain the arguments in their initial form, as well as the historical, ethnographic and quantitative archaeological data on which they are based.


The design of an expert system for diagnosis of gait pathology is described. Knowledge is represented by means of frames representing particular abnormal gait patterns. A divide and conquer matching technique is used for inferring the action of specific dysfunctional muscles. Input data include: (1) muscle activation, from electromyographic signals measured by fine wire electrodes inserted in leg muscles, (2) the foot-floor contact pattern, measured by switches embedded in a special insole placed in shoes or taped to the subject's foot, (3) the angular motion at the hip, knee and ankle, measured by a 3-D computerized motion analysis system, and (4) ground reaction forces, measured by a force plate embedded in the floor along the test track. output data include a processed and summarized version of the input data, diagnoses, and explanations.<<ETX>>


Certain pairs of paramagnetic species generated under conservation of total spin angular momentum are known to undergo magnetosensitive processes. Two prominent examples of systems exhibiting these so-called magnetic fi eld e ff ects (MFEs) are photogenerated radical pairs created from either singlet or triplet molecular precursors, and pairs of triplet states generated by singlet fi ssion. Here, we showcase confocal microscopy as a powerful technique for the investigation of such phenomena. We fi rst characterise the instrument by studying the fi eld-sensitive chemistry of two systems in solution: radical pairs formed in a cryptochrome protein and the fl avin mononucleotide/hen egg-white lysozyme model system. We then extend these studies to single crystals. Firstly, we report temporally and spatially resolved MFEs in fl avin-doped lysozyme single crystals. Anisotropic magnetic fi eld e ff ects are then reported in tetracene single crystals. Finally, we discuss the future applications of confocal microscopy for the study of magnetosensitive processes with a particular focus on the cryptochrome-based chemical compass believed to lie at the heart of animal magnetoreception.


New media optimists have claimed that social technologies, such as the micro-blogging service, Twitter, stand to change political communication in positive ways. Many hope that new technologies can help level the playing field between political elites, who enjoy a number of resources to their advantage, including access to traditional media channels, and non-elites, who struggle to get their messages out (e.g., Bimber 1998; Rheingold 1993). Likewise, there is optimism that new technologies might be harnessed and used to reverse the trend of increasing apathy among citizens in liberal democracies, and particularly among youth (Delli Carpini 2000). In this study, we explore how elected officials use Twitter to interact with the public. Twitter touts itself as a technology used around the globe that is being rapidly adopted by users in almost every country. Therefore, to observe a wide variety of ways in which officials use Twitter, we have conducted a study of officials in three regions with liberal democratic governments. Particularly, we draw upon datasets used in our ongoing research (Hemphill, Otterbacher and Shapiro 2013), in which we follow the tweets of Members of the European Parliament, Korean National Assembly Members, and United States Members of Congress. The goals here, however, are to examine qualitatively the types of vertical communication taking place between elected officials and the citizens they represent and to develop a framework for analysis that can facilitate future work. Our analysis suggests that, while Twitter provides the infrastructure to facilitate a high level of interactivity between political officials and constituents, not everyone takes advantage of these affordances. We illustrate that Twitter is being used in a variety of ways, from an essentially one-


The utility model discloses an interactive multimedia teaching system based on cloud service. The interactive multimedia teaching system comprise a teaching host, an operating unit and a cloud service terminal. The teaching host comprises a housing, in which a protection module, an operation application module and a network module are arranged. The operation application module is used to authorize the network module to establish communication connection between the teaching host and the specified operating unit and between the teaching host and the cloud service terminal. The operating unit is used to perform teaching operation and transmit display frames to the projection module of the teaching host so that the display frames are displayed. The cloud service terminal is used to upload and/or download teaching resources stored in the teaching host. The interactive multimedia teaching system of the utility model does not require separate arrangement of a multimedia classroom, but enables a common classroom to become a multimedia classroom intermediately, thereby reducing the cost. Teaching courseware, teaching plans and teaching processes are stored via the cloud service, thereby providing convenience for other teachers to reuse the resources and improving the teaching level. Video-on-demand service and live broadcasting service are realized through the streaming media service in the cloud service, thereby further eliminating the regional difference in terms of teaching force and facilitating teaching communication.


The timing of binary pulsars allows us to place some of the tightest constraints on modified theories of gravity. Perhaps some of the most interesting and well-motivated extensions to general relativity (GR) are scalar–tensor theories (STT), in which gravity is mediated by the metric tensor and a scalar field. These theories predict large deviations from GR in the presence of neutron stars through a phenomenon known as scalarization. Neutron stars in STT develop scalar charges, which directly enter the timing model for binary pulsars. In this paper, we calculate and tabulate these scalar charges in two popular, massless scalar tensor theories for a collection of neutron star equations of state that are compatible with constraints placed by the recent, gravitational wave observations of a binary neutron star coalescence. We then study these scalar charges and explore analytic scaling relations that allow us to predict their value in a large region of parameter space. Our results allow for the quick evaluation of the scalar charge in a large region of scalar–tensor theory parameter space, which has applications for gravitational wave tests of STT, as well as binary pulsar experiments.


The fabrication and characterization of very compact horizontal current bipolar transistor (HCBT) is presented. The active transistor region is processed in the sidewalls of the n-hill, which makes this structure attractive for the integration with pillar-like CMOS with minimum process additions. HCBT technology is simple with 5 lithography masks. The active n-hills are isolated by newly developed chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) and etch back of oxide. The substrate is used for HCBT fabrication utilizing crystal planes as the active sidewalls. This enables the use of crystallographic dependent etchants for the minimization of the sidewall roughness and dry etching defects, as well as increases the controllability and repeatability of intrinsic transistor doping process. The active transistor regions are processed by angled ion implantation in self-aligned manner. The processed structures result in a cutoff frequency-breakdown voltage (f/sub T/BV/sub CEO/) product of 69.5 GHzV and current gain-Early voltage (/spl beta/V/sub A/) of 4800 V. The high-frequency characteristics are limited by the wide extrinsic base due to the coarse lithography resolution used for fabrication. It is shown by simulations that the improvement of (f/sub T/) and maximum oscillation frequency (f/sub max/) up to 24 and 50 GHz, respectively, can be achieved with finer lithography employed.


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It is widely accepted that one of the many institutional factors that negatively impact the retention of students of color is the scarcity of professional role models and minority faculty members. However, the significance of these relationships, particularly in traditional majority institutions, is vastly underestimated. According to the 1993 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty, African Americans made up only about 2.8% of full-time engineering instructional faculty and staff; Hispanics fared slightly better at 3.1% and American Indian/Alaskan Natives were less than one percent. Thus, within the engineering academic community, a relatively small number of minority faculty members are available at undergraduate institutions nationwide. This paper explores the institutional support of minority student interaction with ethnic professional societies for students at a predominantly white institution to help compensate for the scarcity of minority faculty and professional role models. Undergraduate and graduate students from the University of Missouri – Columbia received supplemental financial support for attendance at the annual conference of the National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE) or the Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers (SHPE). Each participating student was required to prepare a report detailing his or her activities and impressions from this activity. The potential positive impact of such activities for students at majority institutions is evidenced by their responses and by their continued success in engineering.


Background The aim of this study was to investigate the current surgical management strategy for bilateral breast cancer (BBC) patients and to assess the changes in this strategy in China. Methods This is a retrospective review of all patients with early-stage BBC who underwent surgical treatment at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between June 2007 and June 2014. Results A total of 15,337 patients with primary breast cancer were identified. Of these patients, 218 (1.5%) suffered from synchronous bilateral breast cancer (sBBC), and 296 (2.0%) suffered from metachronous bilateral breast cancer (mBBC). Patients with a lobular carcinoma component, those with estrogen receptor-positive cancer, and those with an accompanying sclerosing adenosis in the affected breast tended to develop BBC. The rates of bilateral mastectomy, breast conserving therapy, reconstruction, and combined surgeries were 86.2%, 6.4%, 3.7%, and 3.7%, respectively, for patients with sBBC and 81.1%, 4.4%, 3.0%, and 11.5%, respectively, for patients with mBBC. The interval between bilateral cancers, age at first diagnosis of breast cancer, histopathological type, and stage have significant impacts on the choice of surgery for patients with BBC. Conclusions Bilateral mastectomy was the dominant surgical management for patients with BBC in China, despite the increased application of breast reconstruction surgery observed in recent years. Bilateral prosthetic breast reconstruction was the ideal choice for patients with sBBC. Chinese surgeons should take responsibility for patient education and inform their patients about their surgical options.


A study was initiated to determine the cause of the surface defects of 97% alumina ceramic parts manufactured by GE Neutron Devices (GEND) for the Kansas City Division (KCD). It was assumed that these surface defects were caused by machining and handling and by internal voids in the ceramic microstructure. The effects of powder batching variables, particle size distribution, and manufacturing operation on the surface defects were studied. Sample parts were processed using increased ball mill time, adding binders in solution, and blending binary and ternary particle size powders. The pats were inspected for surface defects with dye penetrant. The optimal blend was determined to be a 100% medium particle-sized powder which yielded 58% passable parts.


End-to-end simulations play a key role in the analysis of any high-sensitivity CMB experiment, providing high-fidelity systematic error propagation capabilities unmatched by any other means. In this paper, we address an important issue regarding such simulations, namely how to define the inputs in terms of sky model and instrument parameters. These may either be taken as a constrained realization derived from the data, or as a random realization independent from the data. We refer to these as Bayesian and frequentist simulations, respectively. We show that the two options lead to significantly different correlation structures, as frequentist simulations, contrary to Bayesian simulations, effectively include cosmic variance, but exclude realization-specific correlations from non-linear degeneracies. Consequently, they quantify fundamentally different types of uncertainties, and we argue that they therefore also have different and complementary scientific uses, even if this dichotomy is not absolute. Before BeyondPlanck, most pipelines have used a mix of constrained and random inputs, and used the same hybrid simulations for all applications, even though the statistical justification for this is not always evident. BeyondPlanck represents the first end-to-end CMB simulation framework that is able to generate both types of simulations, and these new capabilities have brought this topic to the forefront. The Bayesian BeyondPlanck simulations and their uses are described extensively in a suite of companion papers. In this paper we consider one important applications of the corresponding frequentist simulations, namely code validation. That is, we generate a set of 1-year LFI 30 GHz frequentist simulations with known inputs, and use these to validate the core low-level BeyondPlanck algorithms; gain estimation, correlated noise estimation, and mapmaking.


Agile software development projects executed in larger project environments, that is, within a larger project and/or organization, often struggle to succeed. This can be the case despite overall framework conditions being good. This often can be related to conflicting Agile value and non Agile value systems. This article is the continuation of [7]. It is a result of my research regarding patterns of value based conflicts of Agile software development projects. The pattern listed in this paper shall help to identify and to address aforementioned conflicts when using Agile approaches.


This study is related to the preparation of biocompatible gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) which are stable in aqueous solutions for a long time. Ultrasmall polyethyleneimine (PEI)-capped AuNPs (PEI- AuNPs) with limited agglomeration were prepared in aqueous solutions at room temperature, which were based on the roles of PEI as a reductant and a stabilizer. PEI-AuNPs with an average size of 8∼ 12 nm formed highly stable nanocolloids with an average hydrodynamic cluster size of around 50 nm in aqueous media. At a low concentration of metal precursor hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III), the particle size was reduced noticeably. The typical peaks of gold were observed in the X-ray diffraction pattern of AuNPs. The cell viability of 98% was obtained in the case of PEI-AuNPs, while PEI was cytotoxic. The PEI-AuNP is considered to be a potential candidate as a contrast agent for computed tomography.


In the introduction to The American Evasion of Philosophy 9 Cornel West proposes that current philosophical thinking is in an interregnum characterized by dissatisfaction with philosophy as traditionally conceived and a hesitancy to shift to other possible conceptions: ...there is a widespread disenchantment with the traditional image of philosophy as a transcendental mode of inquiry, a tribunal of reason which grounds claims about Truth, Goodness, and Beauty. The professional discipline of philosophy is presently caught in an interregnum; mindful of the dead ends of analytical modes of philosophizing, it is yet unwilling to move into the frightening wilderness of pragmatism and historicism with their concomitant concerns in social theory, cultural criticism, and historiography. This situation has left the discipline with an excess of academic rigor yet bereft of substantive intellectual vigor and uncertain of a legitimate subject matter.1


Vehicle merging is a tactical process. In the existing merging models, drivers need to select a target gap and adjust their speed to reach a comfortable merge position to execute lane changing. However, such sequential premerging preparation process has not yet been well-captured on the basis of the field trajectory data. In this study, the authors will focus on analyzing the lane-changing behavior as drivers choose and approach their merge positions at congested merging areas. This study is based on noise-filtered computer-based trajectory data. The authors classify the observed merging vehicles in a congested weaving section into original-gap-targeting (OGT) and forward-gap-targeting (FGT) vehicles. The analysis of the merge-position selection indicates different selection behavior between OGT and FGT merging vehicles. The length of target gap, the speed, and the route plan of vehicles surrounding the merging vehicles have an influence on their merge-position selection. To investigate merge tactics of merging vehicles, their speed synchronization and acceleration behaviors when approaching their merge positions were analyzed. The results illustrate that the acceleration and deceleration behaviors of the FGT merging vehicles in the approaching process should be split into two distinct stages: acceleration to overtake the rejected gap and deceleration to execute speed synchronization. The findings from this study shed light on the complex lane-changing process at merging areas.


Abstract It has been more than ten years since intensified housing marketisation reform began in China. During this period, reforms have achieved some extraordinary outcomes: speeding up the development of real estate and improving levels of urban housing. At the same time, there have also been some undesirable effects, such as declining housing affordability, and worsening housing conditions for disadvantaged groups. Critically, the housing market is producing negative outcomes in terms of its social security functions. This paper analyses policy effects of the late 1990s housing marketisation reform in China and elaborates on the housing welfare system. The focus is a quantitative analysis of Beijing's social housing policies. Finally, we use the Nash Equilibrium to analyse the social welfare features of housing policy and suggest future policy directions.


Halpern and Moses were the first to recognize, in 1984, the importance of a formal treatment of knowledge in distributed computing. Many works in distributed computing, however, still employ informal notions of knowledge. Hence, it is critical to further study such formalizations. Action models, a significant approach to modeling dynamic epistemic logic, have only recently been applied to distributed computing, for instance, by Goubault, Ledent, and Rajsbaum. Using action models for analyzing distributed-computing environments, as proposed by these authors, has drawbacks, however. In particular, a direct use of action models may cause such models to grow exponentially as the computation of the distributed system evolves. Hence, our motivation is finding compact action models for distributed systems. We introduce communication pattern models as an extension of both ordinary action models and their update operator. We give a systematic construction of communication pattern models for a large variety of distributed-computing models called dynamic-network models. For a proper subclass of dynamic-network models called oblivious, the communication pattern model remains the same throughout the computation.


Theories of group development stages have seldom been tested empiri cally and systematically, unlike communication processes in groups that have had considerable attention. The relationship between these two has been virtually unexplored either theoretically or empirically. From group development theory (Bennis and Shepard) this study first extracts hypotheses about expected variations in feedback characteris tics through different group development stages and then tests these in four ongoing small groups. The pattern of changing feedback charac teristics during the 15 training sessions, particularly receiver agree ment with negative feedback, confirms a six-stage model of group development, and thereby suggests revisions to existing models. Addi tionally, an earlier, much reported, and very stable phenomenon of the feedback "credibility gap" (positive feedback consistently rated higher in credibility than negative feedback) is shown to vary through different development stages. This has implications for experimental studies on the credibility gap.


Objective: To study the inhibitory effects of forty ferns (collected from Tianmu mountain,Zhejiang province) acetone extracts on acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity.Methods : Riddling model of acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition was used.Results:The results showed that under the concentration of 1mg/mL,most of the acetone extracts of 40 ferns had high inhibition rates.More than 11 kinds of plants such as Arachniodes pseudo-simplicior,Athyriopsis japonica and Phegopteris decursive-pinnata etc.had high inhibition rates more than 90% to AChE.However,under the concentration of 0.025 mg/mL,most of the acetone extracts of 40 plants had low inhibition rates less than 50%,except Asplenium incisum and Pteris vittata had (65.36±1.65%) and(53.30±3.32%) inhibition rates respectively.Further more,some plant extracts even enhanced this enzyme activity.Conclusion: These plants such as Arachniodes pseudo-simplicior,Athyriopsis japonica and Phegopteris decursive-pinnata etc.as a source of AChE inhibitor are worthy of further study.


Average solar wind electron properties based on a 1 year Vela 4 data sample-from May 1967 to May 1968 are presented. Frequency distributions of electron-to-ion temperature ratio, electron thermal anisotropy, and thermal energy flux are presented. The resulting evidence concerning heat transport in the solar wind is discussed.


The invention relates to an ultrafast recovery switch module which comprises a three-phase bridge rectification switching circuit, wherein the three-phase bridge rectification switching circuit is formed by serially connecting a three-phase bridge rectification circuit with a thyristor chip, the three-phase bridge rectification circuit is formed by connecting six ultrafast recovery diode chips, and the thyristor chips are connected in series with the anode output end of the bridge rectification circuit; all the elements in the three-phase bridge rectification switching circuit are connected in a bonding mode by aluminium wire leads, and the three-phase bridge rectification switching circuit is packaged between a plastic shell and a red copper soleplate through an elastic silica gel layer and an epoxy resin layer. The ultrafast recovery switch module not only can be adapted to great current impact when started, but also has wide applicable power range without employment of a mechanical switch, is more beneficial to the miniaturization of a rectification module, further lowers the manufacturing cost, and also has the characteristics of low noise, less electromagnetic pollution and long service life.


Heat treated Bifidobacterium lactis NCC 2818 reduces the symptoms of allergies in different groups of patients, such as allergies originating from food allergens in young children, or infants, and food, respiratory and cutaneous allergens in children, adults and household pets. The heat treated Bifidobacterium lactis NCC 2818 may be administered alone or in a composition. A reduction of allergy symptoms has been measured, in vivo, in a mouse allergy model.


We propose a scheme to realize storage and retrieval of two-component optical soliton in a coherent atomic system. The system under consideration is a cold, lifetime-broadened four-level atomic gas with a tripod configuration working at the condition of double electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that due to the existence of two dark states, the optical absorption of the probe pulse can be largely reduced. In addition, the two orthogonal polarization components of the probe pulse with a form of vector optical soliton cannot only be slowed down substantially but also be stored and retrieved robustly by switching a control laser field off and on. We also show that it is possible to achieve a memory of $N$-component optical soliton by using the $N$ dark states in a $(N+1)$-pod system $(Ng2)$. The results reported here may have promise in applications for light information processing in a weak nonlinear regime.


Recent Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) white-light channel (WLC) observations on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) indicate quasi-periodic variations in the polarized brightness (pB) in the polar coronal holes. This is the first observation of possible signatures of compressional waves high above the limb (at heliocentric distances in the range 1.9-2.45 R☉). The Fourier power spectrum of the pB time series at 1.9 R☉ shows significant peak at about 6 minutes and possible fluctuations on longer timescales (20-50 minutes). The observation at 1.9 R☉ is the only currently available WLC data set with sufficient cadence to resolve the 6 minute period. These preliminary observations may result from density fluctuations caused by compressional waves propagating in polar coronal holes. We stress that our results are preliminary, and we plan future high-cadence observations in both plume and interplume regions of coronal holes. Recently, Ofman & Davila used a 2.5 D MHD model and found that Alfvén waves with an amplitude of 20-70 km s-1 at the base of the coronal hole can generate nonlinear, high-amplitude compressional waves that can contribute significantly to the acceleration of the fast solar wind. The nonlinear solitary-like waves appear as fluctuations in the density and the radial outflow velocity and contribute significantly to solar wind acceleration in open magnetic field structures. The motivation for the reported observations is the MHD model prediction.


Working memory (WM) impairments are common features of psychiatric disorders. A systematic meta‐analysis was performed to determine common and disorder‐specific brain fMRI response during performance of WM tasks in patients with SZ and patients with MDD relative to healthy controls (HC). Thirty‐four published fMRI studies of WM in patients with SZ and 18 published fMRI studies of WM in patients with MDD, including relevant HC, were included in the meta‐analysis. In both SZ and MDD there was common stronger fMRI response in right medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which are part of the default mode network (DMN). The effects were of greater magnitude in SZ than MDD, especially in prefrontal‐temporal‐cingulate‐striatal‐cerebellar regions. In addition, a disorder‐specific weaker fMRI response was observed in right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) in MDD, relative to HC. For both SZ and MDD a significant correlation was observed between the severity of clinical symptoms and lateralized fMRI response relative to HC. These findings indicate that there may be common and distinct anomalies in brain function underlying deficits in WM in SZ and MDD, which may serve as a potential functional neuroimaging‐based diagnostic biomarker with value in supporting clinical diagnosis, measuring illness severity and assessing the efficacy of treatments for SZ and MDD at the brain level.


The invention provides a device with an improved BE-SONOS structure, comprising a silicon substrate with a source/drain area, wherein a plurality of layers of structure grids are arranged on the source/drain area, two sides of the grid are provided with a side wall, the layers of structure grids respectively are as follows: an silicon oxide layer (O1), a silicon nitride layer (N1), a nitrogen oxidation silicon layer (SiON), a trap silicon nitride layer (N2), a blocking oxide layer (O3) and a control gate, the trap silicon nitride layer (N2) is a charge storage layer with high-level trap.


There has been little research conducted on the applicability of Halliday's (1994) SFG (systemic functional grammar) framework to the analysis of Chinese translated texts and the possible adjustments needed to make the model fit for comparative description dealing with translation from English into Chinese. More has been done to explore the differences in the thematic structure between English and Chinese while relatively little was discussed with regard to the ideational and interpersonal metafunctions of the Chinese language. This paper aims to test the applicability of systemic functional linguistics to the study of Chinese translated texts with regard to the transitivity and modality systems, and suggest aspects of the lexicogrammatical features of the SFG model that need to be adjusted to make it more serviceable for the analysis of Chinese translated texts. The supporting data are drawn from selected examples from two parallel corpora of the three-day battle in Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea (1952), consisting of 1,388 clause complexes extracted from the English original and its four Chinese translations of the novella compiled manually with reference to Halliday's (1994) transitivity model and Simpson's (1993) model of point of view. The study contributes further samples of text instances to demonstrate the "meaning potentials" of English and Chinese, support the applicability of systemic functional linguistics to the analysis of Chinese translated texts, and proposes to modify aspects of the SFG model according to the unique features of the Chinese grammar and the specific purpose of study for translation description of Chinese texts.


This paper studies the high efficiency regeneration technology of waste lubricating oil and the development of related equipment, to provide the necessary technical support for the high efficiency regeneration of waste lubricating oil, and make the technology obtain the commercial promotion. After the completion of the project, the waste lubricating oil can be purified and recycled to meet the requirements of national standards and actual use needs. The treated recycled lubricating oil can function normally and can be used directly again.


All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double-blind • Conference submission management system: Google form • Number of submissions received: 160 • Number of submissions sent for review: 62 • Number of submissions Rejected: 64 • Number of submissions accepted: 34 • Number of accepted after review : 37 • Total number of papers accepted : 71 • Number of a Rejected after review : 25 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 44 • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 35 • Any additional info on review process: • Contact person for queries: Name : Dr M Parimala Affiliation:Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Sathy Email : email@example.com Peer Review Process title available in this pdf.


This paper investigated the use of cooperative learning methods in improving students' reading comprehension. the research was conducted to find out whether or not cooperative learning methods improve students' reading comprehension, and to find out students' responses toward the implementation of cooperative learning methods. the research design employed in this research was classroom action research which consisted of four main steps: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting (kemmis and mc taggart, 1988) which conducted in two cycles. the study was conducted at xi grade of culinary class which involve thirty one students. observation checklists, students' questionnaire, evaluation sheet and students' reading score were implemented as instruments to collect the data. the findings of the study showed that cooperative learning methods (stad and jigsaw) improve the students' reading comprehension in descriptive text. on the first cycle, there were 13 students (42%) who passed the reading posttest, while in cycle 2, the students who passed the reading posttest were 25 students (86%). the studentswere considered pass the tests when theyreach minimum mastering criteria (mmc). the findings also showed that the students gave positive responses since they stated that cooperative learning methods were fun and helped them in understanding descriptive text and they wanted to know more about cooperative learning methods. keywords : cooperative learning, reading, descriptive text.


The application of the national elements into logo design has brought new changes to logo design aesthetics.The aesthetic significance of the using of ethnic elements in Logo design is to pay attention to the premise of the "content complementary" of signs and ethnic elements.


Introduction: Vascular damage comes in many forms with the puncture wound likely the longest known to humans. Experimentally, vascular damage has typically been visualized in mouse models in which there is little bleeding. Under these conditions, damage is limited mostly to the endothelial layer lining the vessel. Visualization has varied from light to scanning electron microscopy. Interpretation has been dominated by intravital microscopy outcomes in which an initial layer of p-selection-exposed, i.e., α-granule secretion-positive, platelets is deposited in association with the damaged vessel wall and extended by the accumulation of a less activated outer layer of platelets. These results have given rise to a Core and Shell model of platelet-rich thrombus formation [Tomaiuolo et al., 2017].
 Recently, new mouse models have been presented in which the vessel is punctured to create a 300 to 600 micron wound hole [Tomoiuolo et al., 2019]. Bleeding is now profuse. The puncture wound results have been interpreted within a Core and Shell model. However, two important aspects of the experimental data [Tomoiuolo et al., 2019] suggest that the existing model may not explain the actual results. First, p-selectin expression as a marker for α-granule secretion and platelet activation was present in limited areas towards the periphery of the resulting thrombus, not as well-defined Core. Second, the hemostatic thrombus when viewed at early stages, ex vivo, showed a pebbly distribution of platelet aggregates suggestive of nucleated platelet accumulation rather than the smooth layers that would follow from a Core and Shell model. We hypothesize that nucleated accumulation of platelet aggregates within the puncture hole could provide pedestals upon which localized accumulation of platelets form the infrastructure of a vaulted thrombus whose extravascular capping leads to bleeding cessation.
 Methods: To test the proposed hypothesis, we visualized the interior and overall structure of the forming puncture wound thrombus in full 3D at sub-platelet level resolution. To achieve this end, we took our proven serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) protocols for visualizing platelet organelles in 3D [Pokrovskaya et al., 2018] and adapted them to the visualization of forming thrombi over 1000s of image. To localize samples for electron microscopy, we used in vivo antibody labeling [Tomaiuolo et al., 2019]. This approach had the added advantage of enabling correlative light microscopy mapping overall p-selectin, a marker of platelet secretion, and fibrin distributions against 3D, platelet resolution, thrombus morphology.
 Results: We found that a 1 min thrombus, pre-bleeding cessation, was structured about the localized accumulation of pedestal-like platelet aggregates along the sides of the puncture hole, extended and spaced along the extravascular adventitia. Subsequent pedestal extension formed a "pontoon" bridge that "capped" extravascularly the puncture hole. At 5 min, full bleeding cessation, we found that forming platelet thrombus had a Swiss cheese-like interior of vaults that were continuous with the intravascular vessel lumen and framed by columns of platelets, presumed pedestal extensions. The thrombus was sealed on the extravascular side by a platelet "cap" (Figure). As expected after bleeding cessation, red blood cells accumulated on the intravascular side of the cap. Formation of a tightly sealed cap was dependent on α-granule secretion as indicated by the effect of knockout of VAMP-8, the primary SNARE protein involved in a-granule release. Based upon morphology, vaults within the forming thrombus were lined with apparent procoagulant platelets providing a potential protected surface for coagulation factor activation.
 Conclusions: We conclude that bleeding cessation in a true puncture wound occurs from the extravascular side of the thrombus rather than through the formation of a platelet plug that fills the hole. We propose an alternative model of bleeding cessation in which localized platelet aggregates are the starting pedestal upon which all subsequent steps in puncture thrombus formation build, i.e., "Cap and Build". The extent to which properties differ among systems remains an open question.
 Tomaiuolo et al. 2017. Intervent. Cardiol. Clin. 6: 1-12.
 Pokrovskaya et al. 2018. Blood Adv. 2: 2947-2958
 Tomaiuolo et al. 2019. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 116:2 243-2252
 Figure

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Public transport systems in rural and peri-urban areas are in many cases characterized by long travel times, low frequencies and irregular services. Because of this, motorized private transport is often the only practicable mode of mobility in this regions. The use of Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) as feeder systems to mass public transport modes presents a great potential for improvement. This paper investigates the potential of such a system applied to a case-study of a peri-urban area of Brunswick, Germany. For that, the current bus line was replaced by a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) line with DRT as feeder systems. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed system and provide a benchmark against the current public transport offer, multiple trips to the city center with the different transport modes were simulated. The agent-based microscopic simulation Eclipse SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) was used as framework. The scenario of the DRT systems was simulated by SUMO coupled to a developed dispatching algorithm. The results show the potential of the proposed system due to the lower travel times, higher frequency and grater service area. Travel times were even comparable with the travel times of private car-based modes, which could lead to a potential increase in demand.


We derive the stochastic equations and consider the non-Markovian dynamics of a system of multiple two-level atoms in a common quantum field. We make only the dipole approximation for the atoms and assume weak atom–field interactions. From these assumptions, we use a combination of non-secular open- and closed-system perturbation theory, and we abstain from any additional approximation schemes. These more accurate solutions are necessary to explore several regimes: in particular, near-resonance dynamics and low-temperature behavior. In detuned atomic systems, small variations in the system energy levels engender timescales which, in general, cannot be safely ignored, as would be the case in the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). More problematic are the second-order solutions, which, as has been recently pointed out (Fleming and Cummings 2011 Phys. Rev. E 83 031117), cannot be accurately calculated using any second-order perturbative master equation, such as RWA, Born–Markov, Redfield, etc. The latter problem, which applies to all perturbative open-system master equations, has a profound effect upon calculation of entanglement at low temperatures. We find that even at zero temperature all initial states will undergo finite-time disentanglement (sometimes termed 'sudden death'), in contrast to the previous work. We also use our solution, without invoking the RWA, to characterize the necessary conditions for Dicke subradiance at finite temperature. We find that the sub-radiant states fall into two categories at finite temperature: one that is temperature independent and one that acquires temperature dependence. With the RWA, there is no temperature dependence in any case.


We describe a procedure for measuring the cell-specific quantity of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and DNA in order to evaluate the frequency distribution of activity among cells. The procedure is inherently quantitative, does not require sample incubation and potentially can be taxon-specific. Fluorescently-labelled oligonucleotide probes are hybridized to the complementary 16S rRNA sequences in preserved, intact cells. The resulting cell fluorescence is proportional to cellular rRNA content and can be measured with a microscope-mounted photometer system, by image analysis, or by flow cytometry. Similarly, DNA content is measured as fluorescence of cells stained with the DNA specific fluorochrome DAPI. These are either prepared as separate samples for purposes of enumeration and DNA measurements, or are dual-labelled cells which are also hybridized with oligonucleotide probes.


The invention relates to a method for producing an aryl oxygenated compound from lignin in the presence of perovskite oxide. The method for producing the aryl oxygenated compound from the lignin in the presence of the perovskite oxide comprises the steps that a perovskite oxide catalyst ABxB'1-xO3 is prepared, wherein the x is greater than or equal to 1 but is smaller than or equal to 1; the lignin and the perovskite oxide catalyst are fully mixed and then are tabletted, formed and smashed into granules, wherein the mass ratio of the lignin to the perovskite oxide catalyst is 0.1:1 to 3:1; the catalytic conversion reaction of the lignin is performed in a fixed bed reactor under inert atmosphere, and the obtained liquid is a product containing the aryl oxygenated compound, wherein the reaction temperature is 300-700 DEG C, the reaction time is 1-3 hours. The perovskite oxide catalyst prepared by means of the method can achieve catalytic conversion of the lignin at the relatively low temperature, the yield of the liquid product can be above 35%, and the selectivity of the aryl oxygenated compound can be above 80%.


This study aimed to obtain empirical evidence and to analyze the differences in stock price, trading volume, and the abnormal return on the growth company and ungrowth company before and after the stock split announcement. This study uses 64 companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) that the stock-split in the range of 2007-2014. Sum of 53 companies for growth sample's companies, and 11 sample firms for ungrowth companies. Categorizing the growth and ungrowth companies using IOS (Investment Opportunity Set) proxy MVEBVE (Market to Book Value of Equity). Data collection techniques in this study is done by using purposive sampling method based on secondary data that are available in the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. The method of analysis used Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney test with IBM SPSS version 20 for Windows. Research shows that there are significant differences in the average stock price of ungrowth company, the average TVA on growth company, AAR on growth company and ungrowth companies before and after the stock split and the average stock price and the average TVA between the growth company and ungrowth company after the stock split. Where significant difference were not found in the average stock price of growth company, the average TVA of ungrowth companies before and after the stock split and the AAR between the growth companies and the ungrowth companies after stock split. Keywords: stock split, stock price, TVA, AAR, growth, and ungrowth company


A method for manufacturing the centrifugal rotary drum with high integrity, structural uniformity and stability includes such steps as centrifugal casting, machining, heat treating and fine finishing.


Obesity is widely understood to be a global epidemic and is frequently linked with a long and dangerous list of comorbidies. The impact of obesity on musculoskeletal health is not often an immediate cosideration, but the negative implications are important for both quality of life and appropiate weight management intervention. Musculoskeletal pain is often identified in multiple sites for children with obesity and the locations of musculoskeletal pain are consistent, with common complains in lower back and lower extremity. The same problem has been seen in adolescents. An obese body mass index in young adulthood increase the likehold of knee pain at a more mature age. If the individual develops more severe obesity in adulthood, that risk of knee pain increases by 80% and functional limitation at the knee are almost inevitable.


In this work we analyze the relationship between science and religion in the beginning of the 21st century in a context of change. The hypothesis from which we articulate the paper is that we are immersed in a failure of the so-called "secular raison". Next, we show the aspects that in a fi rst sight illustrate this change from the point of view of religion and experimental science. Finally, we suggest some proposals to integrate in an interdisciplinary perspective this relationship, which is so important to obtain a comprehensive and profound vision of reality.


ABSTRACT Clinical isolate Acinetobacter baumannii CLA-1 was resistant to a series of antibiotic molecules, including carbapenems. Cloning and expression of the β-lactamase gene content of this isolate in Escherichia coli DH10B identified a chromosome-encoded oxacillinase, OXA-40, that differed by one or two amino acid changes from OXA-24, -25, and -26 and an AmpC-type cephalosporinase. The OXA-40 β-lactamase had a mainly narrow-spectrum hydrolytic profile, but it included ceftazidime and imipenem. Its activity was resistant to inhibition by clavulanic acid, tazobactam, sulbactam, and, like most of the other carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinases, NaCl. OXA-40 had an FGN triad replacing a YGN motif at class D β-lactamase (DBL) positions 144 to 146. Site-directed DNA mutagenesis leading to a Phe-to-Tyr change at DBL position 144 in OXA-40 gave a mutant enzyme with increased hydrolytic activity against most β-lactams, including imipenem. Conversely, with a gene encoding the narrow-spectrum oxacillinase OXA-1 as the template, a nucleotide substitution leading to a Tyr-to-Phe change in the YGN motif of OXA-1 gave a mutant enzyme with decreased hydrolytic activity without an increase in carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity. Thus, the Phe residue in the FGN motif was not associated with carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity by itself but instead was associated with weak overall hydrolytic activity. Finally, this Phe residue in OXA-40 explained resistance to inhibition by NaCl whereas a Tyr residue in motif YGN was related to susceptibility to NaCl.


Appropriate Environments for Children under Three is one of a series of three books providing supportive and accessible material for those working with the very youngest children, from birth to three years. The premise for all three books is ...


The PRESIDENT said that if they were to start a clinical discussion on rodent ulcer it would occupy the entire evening. He would only like to say that he had taught for years-thirty-five at least-the enormous difference, from the point of view of treatment, between the superficial and the fairly advanced cases. At one time no particular attention was paid to rodent in its early stages; it was left to grow until a later stage before any active treatment was instituted. It was only in later years that rodents had been recognized as malignant growths before they involved the periosteum and bone. But such early recognition of their malignancy was a vital matter.


In this paper we consider the factor analysis for Lévy-driven multivariate price models with stochastic volatility. Our main aim is to provide conditions on the volatility process under which we can possibly reduce the dimension of the driving Lévy motion. We find that these conditions depend on a particular form of the multivariate Lévy process. In some settings we concentrate on nondegenerate symmetric α-stable Lévy motions.


Defense Agency for Technology and QualityPurpose: The purpose of this study was to find out that the statistical method of stockpile reliability of ammuni-tion by items can be applied to the reliability assessment of stockpile ammunition.Methods: We reviewed the statistical method of stockpile reliability of ammunition by items and verified the possibility of its application by case study. Results: We found that the statistical method of stockpile reliability of ammunition by items is very useful and effective to present the reliability of ammunition based on each item and to predict the change of the reliability in the future. The reliability of proximity fuse wa s about 94.5% and was influenced by manufacture's year and the difference between lot and lot more than storage p eriod.Conclusion: The statistical method of stockpile reliability of ammunition by items can be applied to the reli-ability assessment of various stockpile ammunitions such as amm unition for mortar and canon.Key Words:ASRP, Ammunition, Reliability, One-shot Device, Statistical Analysis


A fluid simulation suitable for use in real-time virtual environments running at interactive frame rates has the potential to greatly improve the quality of the virtual environments it is used in. To this end we present a method suitable for use in real-time grid-based fluid simulation that considerably reduces the amount of data being processed at each simulation step by removing unused cells from the simulation grid


A new method is proposed to appraise the relative energy efficiency of designs for new or refurbished buildings. Based on the development of an energy efficiency index, it is simple to use and understand, and requires no particular expertise. The method offers a straightforward determination of likely energy performance. It addresses the total power rating of plant installed to achieve specified indoor environmental conditions, and the monitoring and control equipment which manages that capacity. Potential applications include appraising performance against established or proposed standards of good practice, testing compliance with energy performance specifications and ranking alternative design choices, either overall or at various stages of design. Inverted, the method offers targets for plant sizing. The strategy offers services designers a more authoritative argument for plant room space early in the design. Despite its simplicity the method promises good field performance. Limited data from six fully air-conditioned buildings reveal a perhaps surprisingly good correlation between the energy efficiency index and observed performance. Once performance data for a wider range of buildings are available, the method can be developed fully for widespread practical application.


Banana (Musa acuminata) is one of the most popular and widely consumed fruit crops in the world. During late October to early November 2020, a banana finger-tip rot disease was observed in the banana (cultivar 'Brazil', AAA group) orchard of about 12 hectares located in Zhongcun, Zhangmu Town, Fumian District, Yulin City, Guangxi province, China. The disease incidence was about 0.5% at the surveyed field. Infected fingers and their tips were usually normal in the appearances and then turned to brown to black discoloration in the central fruit pulp adjacent to the fingertips (Fig. 1A). In severe infection, diseased fingers showed brown to black discoloration in both the central and the periphery fruit pulp, and along the longitudinal axis throughout the fruit (Fig. 1B-C). The symptomatic banana fingers were surface-disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 30 sec, 75% ethanol for 30 sec then rinsed three times with sterile distilled water. The flesh tissues were ground in a sterile mortar and soaked in 1 ml of sterile distilled water for 30 min. A 50 μl of tissue suspensions was streaked onto Luria-Bertani (LB) medium. Single colonies were picked and re-streaked onto new LB medium. The cultures were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Two representative strains, GX and GX2, were obtained from symptomatic pulps and used in the following studies. To molecularly identify the bacterial species, we performed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 16S rRNA and recA primers (Turner et al. 1999; Lee and Chan 2007) and amplified 1,442 bp and 1,019 bp sequences, respectively. The amplified sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers MZ267253 and MZ961355 for the 16S rRNA and MZ287336 and MZ983484 for the recA genes. BLASTn searches shared more than 99% similarity with the reference sequences of B. cepacia strains (MK680073.1 and KC261418.1 for 16S rRNA; AY598028.1 and KF812859.1 for recA). Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the 16 rRNA and recA sequences and showed that the representative strains, GX and GX2, strongly clustered with B. cepacia type strains (Fig. 2). To further determine the genomovars of strain GX, we used specific PCR primers to the B. cepacia epidemic strain marker (BCESM), type III secretion gene cluster (bcscV) and cable pilin subunit gene (cblA) (Lee and Chan 2007; Ansari et al. 2019). The presence of bcscV and BCESM were confirmed by PCR, while cblA was not observed in the strains GX and GX2, suggesting that the isolated strains belong to B. cepacia genomovar III and are slightly different from the Iranian and Taiwan strains of B. cepacia (Lee and Chan 2007; Ansari et al. 2019). Pathogenicity test was conducted on banana fingers (cultivar 'Zhongjiao No.3') at the immature and full ripe stages. A final suspensions of 106 CFU/ml, was injected into the banana fingers (100 μl per finger) through the center of the stigma (Lee and Chan 2007; Ansari et al. 2019). The fingers inoculated with sterile water were used as negative control. To maintain humidity, the treated fingertips were wrapped with Parafilm. For each treatment, ten independent replicates were conducted. At 10 days post-inoculation (dpi), the pulp of immature bananas exhibited reddish brown decaying tissue, which symptoms were similar to those observed in the field (Fig. 1D). Moreover, the pulp tissues of ripe bananas showed a dark brown discoloration in the tip at 5 dpi, whereas the controls remained symptomless (Fig. 1E). The same bacterium was re-isolated from diseased tissues and its identification confirmed by 16S rRNA, thus fulfilling the Koch's postulates. This disease was first described in Honduras in Latin America, and then reported in Taiwan province of China, and Iran (Buddenhagen 1968; Lee et al. 2003; Ansari et al. 2019). To our knowledge, this is the first report of banana finger-tip rot caused by B. cepacia in the Guangxi province, China. It is necessary to determine the distribution of B. cepacia and to prevent its spread in Guangxi province of China.


NF3 was applied in the reactive ion etching of SiC. The effects of rf power and NF3 pressure on the etching rate and the surface morphology were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. A procedure for getting the smooth and residue-free etched surface of SiC with a high etching rate of 87 nm/min was obtained under the conditions such as rf power of 100 W and NF3 pressure ranging from 0.5 to 1 Pa. A rough surface with spikes was obtained under the NF3 pressures higher than 3 Pa. It was found that the repetitive alternating treatment for the spike-formed and rough surface with the down flow etching using NF3 and Ar plasma sputtering enables us to obtain the smooth surface within the scale of ∼300 nm.


In order to solve such problems as that control system is difficult to build up mathematical mo-del,system control is complicated,parameter variation is uncertain and control is difficult and so on,it is difficult to arrive at the ideal control effect by use of classical PID algorithm. Combined fuzzy control with classical PID control,fuzzy-adaptive PID controller was designed based on fuzzy control principle.Taking deviation and change rate of deviation as controller input,and taking self-arrangement value of 3 controller parameters as controller output,self-arrangement on line of PID parameters was realized.Simulation and test results showed that this controller not only has advantages of PID controller high precision,but also possesses high speed,good stability,high robust and better dynamic and static performances.


The inference mechanisms of CEP engines are completely guided by rules, which are specified manually by domain experts. We argue that this user-based rule specification is a limiting factor, as it requires the experts to have technical knowledge about the CEP language they want to use, it restricts the usage of CEP to merely the detection of straightforward situations, and it restrains its propagation to more advanced fields that require prediction and proactivity. Therefore, we introduce autoCEP as a data mining-based approach that automatically learns predictive CEP rules from historical traces. More precisely, we include our novel method that is capable of learning rules and handling events coming from one source, and then we elaborate our vision on how to extend autoCEP to deal with simultaneous events coming from multiple sources.


Considering that traditional Basis Pursuit model is not adapted to image de-nosing under non-Gaussian noise.Based on various type of fitness error,new extended Basis Pursuit model is proposed and applied into image de-nosing.Within salt-and-pepper noise image de-nosing experiments results demonstrate that the extended Basis Pursuit model can provide better de-noising results.


It has been shown that the search personalization can greatly benefit from exploiting user's short-term context – his immediate needs and focus. But to achieve that, we need to be able to tell when the context changes; we need to be able to divide the user's activity into segments, where each segment captures user's single goal and focus. Many different approaches exist, but their major weakness is that they build inaccurate models that do not include user's implicit feedback. We present a method for segmenting queries into search sessions which is based on document metadata and incorporates implicit feedback and as such is able to build more accurate context model.


Ion channels are the basic elements regulating activity and communication in the nervous system. They consist of several subunits forming a central pore and are subdivided on the basis of their ion selectivity, gating mechanisms, and kinetics of activation and inactivation. Ion channels form part of macromolecular complexes restricted to specific membrane domains via interactions with scaffold proteins, lipid rafts, and actin cytoskeleton. The selective expression and distribution of ion channels define the electrophysiological properties of the neurons, their axons, and muscle cells. The interactions among different types of sodium, calcium, and potassium channels determine cell excitability, firing pattern and conduction of the action potential, and probability of neurotransmitter release at presynaptic terminals. Central nervous system channelopathies manifest with epilepsy, episodic ataxia, paroxysmal movement disorders, or hemiplegic migraine, frequently in several combinations. Peripheral channelopathies produce myotonia, periodic paralysis, myasthenic syndrome, paroxysmal pain disorders, or congenital insensitivity to pain.


Some interferon beta (IFNβ)–treated patients with multiple sclerosis develop antibody-mediated decreased bioactivity with resultant loss of therapeutic effect. The authors developed real-time multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR to measure expression of three IFNβ-inducible genes to directly assess IFNβ bioactivity in patients with neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The three genes responded in tandem. Correlation of NAb level with bioactivity at low/moderate NAb levels was poor, indicating that for such patients, direct measurement of IFNβ bioactivity is most reliable.


Background: The research on optimal composition of chemical reagents for deodorization and disinfection of liquid manure slurry of pig breeding complex facility was performed. Results: It was established, that all three compositions (sulfuric acid combined with sodium hypochlorite, ammonium persulphate in combination with peracetic acid, and also the mixture of sodium nitrite and ammonium molybdate) provide the removal of unpleasant odors, however, more preferable from the point of preservation of disinfecting effect, are the mixtures containing ammonium persulphate plus peracetic acid and sodium nitrite combined with ammonium molybdate (high deodorizing and disinfecting effect was observed after 21 days). Conclusion: Manure mixtures obtained as a result of such treatment are harmless for the environment and could be used as a main component of organo-mineral fertilizers.


American Journal of Dance Therapy 20, no. 2 (1998). Published twice yearly by the American Dance Therapy Association, c/o Human Sciences Press, New York. Articles: "An Interview with Jane Ganet Sigel, Dance Therapy Pioneer: Her Life, Her Work, and Her Theoretical Model" (Barbara Cargill); "Does Movement Behavior Have Differential Diagnostic Potential? Discussion of a Controlled Study on Patients with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia" (Hedda Lausberg); "Employing a Developmental Model of Movement Patterns in Dance/ Movement Therapy with Young Children and Their Families" (Susan Loman) Reviews: Jung on Active Imagination ed. by Joan Chodorow (Shira Musicant); Focusing-Oriented Psychotherapy: A Manual of the Experiential Model by Eugene T. Gendlin (Joan Lavender)


INTRODUCTION
Students' perspectives on their learning environment are essential for course development and to enhance the educational experience. In dentistry, there is limited understanding of how students perceive their early clinical training. This study presents students' views on their gradual progression from simulation to patient care and describes the approaches they followed to adapt during this transitioning phase.

METHODS
A qualitative study design was employed, drawing on focus group discussions conducted with students from the Division of Dentistry at The University of Manchester. The discussions were transcribed verbatim. Data collection and coding process followed the principles of thematic analysis and the inductive approach.

FINDINGS
The sample was comprised of 28 undergraduate students, across four focus groups.Thematic analysis generated three key categories: students' immediate perspectives of early clinical training, students' approaches to adapting to the transitioning period and students' suggestions for future improvement. Further subthemes emerged describing the positive gains which students recognised from their early and gradual clinical involvement and training. Despite experiencing stress and uncertainty, related to insufficient knowledge and immature multitasking skills in the early years of dental training, students were motivated by the clinical environment and identified several ways to adapt to it and enhance their learning. These included additional self-learning resources and simulation opportunities; inter-year group learning activities, and further peer support and mentoring CONCLUSION: The current study provided insights into students' experiences of learning through early clinical involvement and gradual transitioning between simulation and clinical environments in dentistry. The findings revealed that while students appreciated being involved in the clinic at an early stage, they had to adopt a variety of approaches to link their knowledge, learning and skills between the simulation and clinical environments. Students' suggested additional activities to link the learning gap between the two environments and to enrich their learning. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Exercise is an effective measure to improve expiratory dyspnea and delay lung function decline among the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) . However, COPD patients have a low level of exercise compliance so far which is the major obstacle to carry out exercise. This paper reviewed the definition, evaluation criteria, research status, influencing factors of exercise compliance so as to provide a scientific reference for improving exercise compliance among COPD patients.

Key words:
Review; Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Exercise; Compliance; Research progress


Theory-based, or "white-box," models come with a major benefit that makes them appealing for deployment in user modeling: their parameters are interpretable. However, most theory-based models have been developed in controlled settings, in which researchers determine the experimental design. In contrast, real-world application of these models demands setups that are beyond developer control. In non-experimental, naturalistic settings, the tasks with which users are presented may be very limited, and it is not clear that model parameters can be reliably inferred. This paper describes a technique for assessing whether a naturalistic dataset is suitable for use with a theory-based model. The proposed parameter recovery technique can warn against possible over-confidence in inferred model parameters. This technique also can be used to study conditions under which parameter inference is feasible. The method is demonstrated for two models of decision-making under risk with naturalistic data from a turn-based game.


Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are present in tumor-bearing mice and most cancer patients with suppressive activity of immune response. They comprise a variety of myeloid-derived immature and highly heterogeneous cellular populations, including dendritic cells, macrophages and/ or granulocytes. Tumor-derived biological factors are responsible for the expansion, mobilization and activation of MDSCs. MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice typically express CD11b+Gr1+. MDSCs derived from human tumors are defined as CD11b positive and CD14 negative. In tumor-bearing mice, MDSCs accumulate in bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood. In cancer patients, MDSCs are present in the blood. MDSCs play an important role in immune suppression and angiogenesis promotion, which enhance tumor growth and distant metastasis. Reducing the function and number of MDSCs contributes to relieving the capacities of distinguishing and killing cancer cells, as well as enhancing the efficacy of anti-tumor drugs. This paper reviews the progress in research of MDSCs in tumors. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2011.07.018


C language programming design is an important basic course in course system in universities and colleges,is of important significance to improve student ability to analyze problems,solve problems and so on but is easy to make initial learners weary of studying because of its complicated grammar,flexible sentence and various rules.According to the features of C language,based on the experience in the teaching process,this paper discusses the application of "building blocks"idea to C language teaching.


[1] This analysis combines vertical electric field components Ez observed by two research aircraft flying horizontally at two levels, with vertical soundings of thermodynamic parameters and Ez made by five balloons, to produce a quasi-three-dimensional view of the space charge distribution in the trailing stratiform cloud region behind a mesoscale convective system (MCS) that developed in central Oklahoma late in the afternoon of 2 June 1991. The balloons were launched serially at one-hour intervals from two sites separated by 80 km along a north-south line as the MCS moved eastward, yielding two east-west time-height cross-sections of the Ez structure within the quasi-steady state trailing stratiform region behind the MCS. The balloon measurements are consistent with a vertical stack of five rearward- and downward-sloping horizontal sheets of charge of alternating polarity, beginning at the bottom with a negative charge layer below the 0°C level and a positive layer near the 0°C level. This structure persisted for more than 2 hours. The two aircraft flew back and forth along a north-south line through the balloon launch sites during the balloon launch period. Aircraft measurements demonstrated that the vertical electric field (Ez) at constant altitude varied in the north-south direction. The peak magnitudes of Ez deduced from the airborne instrument systems agreed with the magnitudes deduced from the balloon measurements at the aircraft altitudes of 4.5 km and 5.8 km AGL. Rapid reversals in polarity of Ez with peak magnitude >50 kV m−1 observed by the aircraft at 4.5 km, just above the 0°C level, confirms the thin concentrated positive charge layer observed there by balloons and suggests that this charge layer is undulating above and below 4.5 km altitude, at least in the north-south direction. Microphysically, this layer contained large aggregates and pockets of low cloud liquid water concentration. At the 5.8 km level, the polarity of Ez was always positive but the magnitude varied from zero to 25 kV m−1. Aircraft-observed Ez at both altitudes varied on horizontal scales of ∼10 km or greater at both levels, suggesting that the charge density derived using the one-dimensional infinite-layer Gauss's law approximation applied to the balloon soundings of Ez is valid in this study. These observations show that layers of charge can persist for hours as they advect rearward in a storm-relative sense, possibly due to continuing in situ charge separation, and/or due to weak dispersion, slow recombination and slow settling of charge attached to low mobility low terminal velocity ice hydrometeors.


This research aimed at understanding the meanings about the educational services in the regular classroom for children with disabilities in three educational institutions. To achieve this, a qualitative research developed from some guidelines of the ethomethodology was proposed. The information was obtained through research strategies such as participant observation, depth interviews, the story and understanding of documents involving those who are considered key players in providing education in the regular classroom for children with disabilities: children, parents or guardians, teachers and directors of institutions. This information was systematized through content analysis of categorical type, encoding and cast in matrixes. As results of the development of this research, the meanings were identified from three subcategories: canonical, exceptional and negotiations with regard to disability, school integration and inclusion. Keywords: actions, disability, education, inclusion, integration, meanings.


The theory of relativistic strings is considered in frames of Hamiltonian formalism and Dirac's quantization procedure. A special gauge fixing condition is formulated, related with the world sheet of the string in Lorentz-invariant way. As a result, a new set of Lorentz-invariant canonical variables is constructed, in which a consistent quantization of bosonic open string theory could be done in Minkowski space-time of dimension $d=4$. The obtained quantum theory possesses spin-mass spectrum with Regge-like behavior.


Magnetostrictive bilayer sensors have been successfully applied on the skin for the registration of various physiological quantities, ranging from the cardiorespiratory activity to the blood pressure changes. The application region was varied from the neck down to the calf. Thus an optimization of the sensor parameters becomes an increasingly important issue. Here the optimisation is considered with respect to curvature, bending momentum, and temperature of the bilayer. The results yield different requirements for different skin regions. In order to control the cross-sensitivity of the sensor, special sensor set-ups are introduced to reduce bending or thermal sensitivity, which is relevant for various medical areas.


Background: Hypertensive disorders represent the most common medical complication of pregnancy complicating 5 to 10% of all pregnancies. Several changes have already occurred before the development of clinical syndrome of preeclampsia. One such change occurs in renal function leading to hypo-calciuria. Thus, in present study, urinary calcium creatinine ratio (UCCR) and doppler study are tested as parameters to predict development of preeclampsia in asymptomatic pregnant woman and assessing better predictor among them.
Methods: Hospital based prospective study. Randomly selected pregnant women meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria, will be subjected to detailed history including age, parity, duration of pregnancy, examination including general examination, abdominal examination, routine laboratory investigations, calculate UCCR and ultrasound with doppler study at less than 20 weeks.
Results: Out of 100 women, 25 had UCCR<0.04 and out of which 14 developed pre-eclampsia. Among them 33 had abnormal pulsatility index (PI) at 11-14 weeks and out of which 24 developed pre-eclampsia. In those 100 women, 58 had abnormal PI at 16-20 weeks and out of which 23 developed pre-eclampsia.
Conclusions: Our study shows that we can predict preeclampsia by screening in early weeks of gestation i.e., by uterine artery doppler during NT scan around 11 to 14 weeks and during TIFFA appointment around 16 to 20 weeks and by UCCR. This study shows doppler study prediction is more sensitive and specific compared to UCCR.


Water supply and sewerage systems are the large-scale urban infrastructure ejecting large amount of environmental load over the life-cycle. Therefore, it is important not only to optimize in the aspect of economical superiority and process efficiency but also to consider earth scale environmental impact. This study aimed to suggest the establishment of life cycle management(LCM) system as an integrated management solution in urban water supply and sewerage systems. As a result, the methodology for LCM system consisting of life cycle assessment(LCA), life cycle cost(LCC), life cycle and life cycle energy(LCE) was developed. Also, several case studies using the latest statistics data of water supply and sewerage systems were carried out to investigate the field applicability of LCM.


Preface PART ONE: VALUES IN ECONOMIC THOUGHT Trusteeship An Alternative Ideology Ethics and Economics of Socialism An Approach to Eradicating Poverty PART TWO: AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY From Stagnation to Growth Agricultural Policy in India since Independence Growth and Equity in Agriculture Technology, Growth and Equity in Agriculture Reconciling Growth and Social Justice Agrarian Structure and Poverty PART THREE: PLANNING FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT The Two-Way Planning Process Scope and Limitations Rural Development Investment without Organization Innovative Approaches to the Revival of Village Industries PART FOUR: AGRICULTURAL PRICE POLICY Incentives and Disincentives in Indian Agriculture Principles and Problems of Agricultural Price Determination Agricultural Price Policy Facts and Issues Prices and Cropping Pattern Agricultural Policy Prices and the Public Distribution System - A Review PART FIVE: RURAL CREDIT Agricultural Credit in India The Missing Link Credit and Its Role in Poverty Alleviation Rural Credit Restructuring the Credit System and Suggested Reforms - I and II PART SIX: AGRICULTURAL LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT Notes on Some Aspects of Rural Employment Rural Employment Facts and Issues Some Neglected Issues in Employment Planning


In small and medium-sized real estate enterprises, the accurate identification of the main factors affecting the operation of enterprise project funds and the analysis of their influencing process significantly impact the survival and development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Analyze the influence of financing, investment and construction activities on the operation of project funds and identify 16 major risk factors. Based on the calculation of the adjacency matrix and reachable matrix, the interpretive structure model and hierarchical structure diagram (ISM) were constructed, and divide the influencing factors into four categories, namely independent cluster, dependent cluster, linkage cluster, spontaneous cluster, combined with cross influence matrix multiplication (MICMAC). The results show that the driving force of quality management is low, but the dependence is vital. The macro background of financing, investment management, investment policy, and organizational coordination have low driving force and strong dependence. Quality management is an essential factor affecting the regular operation of enterprise project funds. The macro background of financing, investment management, investment policy, and organization coordination are the direct reasons to keep the project fund risk stable. The research of this paper will contribute to the healthy development of SMEs and play a positive role in China's social and economic life.


This is the 9th quarterly technical progress report for the project entitled ``Pyrite surface characterization and control for advanced fine coal desulfurization technologies``, DE-FG22-90PC90295. The work presented in this report was performed from September 1, 1992 to November 31, 1992. The objective of the project is to conduct extensive fundamental studies on the surface chemistry of pyrite oxidation and flotation and to understand how the alteration of the coal-pyrite surface affects the efficiency of pyrite rejection in coal flotation. During this reporting period, the surface oxidation of pyrite in various electrolytes was investigated. It has been demonstrated, for the first time, that borate, a pH buffer and electrolyte used by many previous investigators in studying sulfide mineral oxidation, actively participates in the surface oxidation of pyrite. In borate solutions, the surface oxidation of pyrite is tronly enhanced. The anodic oxidation potential of pyrite is lowered by more than 0.4 volts. The initial reaction of the borate enhanced pyrite oxidation can be described by:FeS{sub 2} + B(OH){sub 4}{sup =} ------> [S{sub 2}Fe-B(OH){sub 4}]{sub surf} + e. This reaction is irreversible and is controlled by the mass-transfer of borate species from the solution to the surface. It has been shown that themore » above reaction inhibits the adsorption of xanthate on pyrite. Comparative studies have been made with other sulfide minerals. The solution chemistry of the iron-borate systems have been studied to understand the electrochemical results.« less


Objectives: Myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare neoplasm of salivary gland origin. The tumor cells demonstrate morphologic, immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic features of my


The new method for PD controller setting is presented. It is based on approximation of the plant step responses by I1T1 and I1Td models and it combines positive features of the method by Ziegler and Nichols and of the minimum time pole assignment controllers.


While the text, instrumentation, and performance details of Schafer's Seventh String Quartet (which include an obligato soprano, colour and costume motifs, and texts based on the writings of a schizophrenic woman) seem to distract from the work's pitch structure, seemingly disparate motives can instead be considered closely related because they repeat a particular transpositional gesture. This article uses transformational network analysis, a recently developed theoretical approach incorporating elements of mathematical and musical set theory, to illustrate similarities between these pitch motives. A brief introduction to transformational network analysis is included for those not familiar with its terminology.


Abstract The development of Bt crops is one of the most significant advances in crop protection technology of the past fifty years. Current Bt crops are based on highly specific insecticidal Cry proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis. Foliar Bt insecticides based on the same proteins have been used for more than forty years and have a remarkable safety record, with no known detrimental effects reported on vertebrate or non-target invertebrate populations. Bt cotton and Bt corn have been widely adopted by farmers in the United States, with acreage averaging 40-50% of the area planted with cotton or corn in 2002. Concern has been raised about the safety of Bt crops. However, most evidence shows that these crops, like foliar Bt insecticides, are safe for non-target organisms, especially in comparison to chemical insecticides. Evidence for safety comes from knowledge of Cry protein mode of action as well as from studies of the effects of Cry proteins on non-target organisms tested in the laboratory and under operational growing conditions. These studies indicate that Bt crops, owing to their high degree of safety, can serve as the cornerstone for more environmentally sound integrated pest management programs.


The housing price has fallen from the top down to the bottom in resent period.There are debates between the academic circles and the practical circles concerning whether and how the government should intervene the housing market,especially about "to restrain market" or"to save market".The paper analyzed the housing market from aspects such as competition structure and came to a conclusion: Chinese housing market is a regional oligopolistic market,with defects such as market failures of unequilibrium and insufficient information.To remedy the defets,the government should play a more active role in regulating the market.But the intervention of the government can only be used to supplement the market,not to raise the price,but to enliven the declining market.