Object To investigate the methodology and therapeutic effects of hyoid suspension in association with uvolopalatopharyngoplasty(UPPP) in the treatment of severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome(OSAHS).Method 21 patients with severe OSAHS underwent surgery of modified hyoid suspension in association with UPPP and were followed-up.Polysomnograms(PSG) were examined pre-operatively and post-operatively in 21 Patients.All patients were the assessed with Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS) and Berlin Sleep Quality Assessment Questionnaire(BSQAQ) before and after the operation.Results The results of follow-up showed that there were significant improvements in the indexes of PSG in all cases(P0.01).The average of the ESS was 6.71 6 months after operation and 7.24 after one year.Also,the average of the BSQAQ was 5.57 and 6.14 respectively,with an obvious decrease compared to the pre-operative data(P0.01).After surgery,the patients told about the alleviation or disappearance of snoring and much less occurrence of sleep apnea while lethargy during the day was almost completely gone.According to the assessment guidelines,the effective rate was 100% 6 months after the operation and remained at 95.24% 1 year after the operation.But cure rate and effectual rate varied.Conclusion Modified hyoid suspension in association with UPPP has advantages of simple procedure,less days of hospitalization and less expense.The effect of the operation is satisfying.Proper cases should be chosen to be treated with such procedure and more hospitals should adopt it.


Over the past 7 yr. nearly –1,000,000 damage has been attributed to expansive soil problems within a square mile tract of rolling hills in Menlo Park, Calif. This area is underlain by massively bedded sandstones and claystones of Eocene age. Residential streets, houses, and swimming pools have been damaged by volume changes or shear deformations of claystone bedrock or clay-rich soils derived from the claystone. Individual case histories of damage and specific characteristics of the expansive claystone are evaluated and preventive measures involving policy and regulation as well as engineering design criteria are suggested.


On the day after the tragic terrorist attacks of 9/11, newspapers across Europe proclaimed, We Are All Americans in many different languages, crystallizing the solidarity that so many people around the world felt at that time. But in the years since, that beautiful friendship between Americans and Europeans evaporated, leaving in its place a growing resentment so deep that Americans traveled overseas with Canadian flags stitched to their backpacks while Europeans held candlelight vigils for the removal of President George W. Bush. Dell'Orto argues persuasively that the answer to the question of where do we go from here lies in whether non-Americans keep believing in the American dream. Only if that dream continues to be the root of America's power-as this book shows it has been since the United States first stepped onto the international stage-can America not go the way of all other superpowers in history: down and out. Through analysis of thousands of Western European media articles and government publications about the United States, this book, for the first time, shows what the essence of America is to non-Americans and why that matters to Americans in a very practical way-because it sets limits to what the nation can accomplish. Dell'Orto argues persuasively that Europe's United States is the revered concept America-the exceptional dream that the land of (plenty of) opportunity can really exist, that the experiment in democracy can really work for all those who choose to become Americans. This is a great U.S. asset, since it makes America uniquely powerful in Europe's eyes, infinitely mightier than the march of Marines and McDonald's alone would warrant. Herein lie the uniqueness and the urgency of this book. European public opinion shape's Europe's reaction at least as much as U.S. actions do.


There are very close associations between traumatic and orthopedic teaching and medical imaging.Medical Imaging includes noumenal photograph,conceptual diagram,radiological imaging,operation photographic recording and computer-aided instruction courseware,etc.It is important to collect the medical imaging through various means and set up medical imaging resources library for traumatic and orthopedic teaching.


The basic information about the overal results, significance, international programme committee and working areas of the International Conference on Dependability and Quality Management ICDQM is presented. There are more details about this year's 14th ICDQM-2011 and 2nd International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering and Management, which was held under the same acronim ICDQM-2011. The number and structure of the papers are given as well as the review of the papers presented as plenary lectures by the participants from the Armed forces and the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Serbia in the following sections: Quality Engineering, Reliability Engineering, Concurrent Engineering, Systems Engineering, Military Engineering, and Continuous Quality Improvement. Almost a half of these papers are in the Military Engineering Section.


The intensity distribution of the extended diffuse regions observed in the x-ray diffraction pattern of anthracene single crystals was compared with intensity distributions calculated on the assumption of independent rigid-body vibrations of the anthracene molecules. The calculations included both translational and rotational vibrations of the molecules, as well as the effect of vibrational anisotropy on the diffuse pattern. In spite of the satisfactory overall agreement between observed and calculated distributions, important discrepancies were found which could not be explained on the assumption of independent molecular vibrations. The Faxen-Waller theory, however, gives adequate explanation of all observed effects and also accounts for the limited success of the theory of independent vibrations. This apparent success is the result of an integration over large parts of the Brillouin zones when recording the diffuse pattern. Various crystallographic and physical applications of the extended diffuse regions are discussed and inherent limitations are pointed out.


A ventilator, like most critical care devices, is simply a machine. However, it is not a "simple machine." Over the past five decades, the means of delivering gases to patients have become more complex. This has led to an evolution of more than 30 critical care ventilators being used in the United States. The numerous modes of ventilation and our unfortunate attempt to reach a consensus on the terminology used when referring to mechanical ventilation presents a challenge to even the most skilled clinician. Mushin's description of ventilators in his archetypal text is appreciated by many and addresses the classification scheme that can be adopted to the less-sophisticated mechanical ventilator. An innumerable count of authors has used this classification method when writing about mechanical ventilator support. Today's mechanical ventilators are designed to provide life support using an array of computerized logic systems, software utilities, and even artificial intelligence models to deliver gas to patients. This evolution of ventilators has led to a modernistic classification system to describe todayrsquo;s microprocessor-controlled mechanical ventilator. A classification system that is specific and well defined is intended to enhance communications between clinicians. However, some respected organizations and clinicians have been reluctant to accept this new system for understanding mechanical ventilation despite its acceptance by leading members in the pulmonary and critical care medicine community.

Keywords:

ventilator;
pneumatic;
vane;
piston;
valve;
respiration


This work describes the fabrication process to realise a highly columnar porous microstructured piezoceramic, and provides 2D array element pulse response plots for both porous and nonporous material.


The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to implement a strategy for rural revitalization. Promote the development of rural areas in accordance with the general requirements of "prosperous industries, ecological livability, rural civilization, effective governance, and a prosperous life". This is a continuation and sublimation of the construction of a new countryside, which can help achieve a well-off society, a nation's prosperity, and national rejuvenation, and can better guide the people's pursuit of a better life in the new era. The rural revitalization strategy is a systematic project. Effective governance at the grassroots level is the cornerstone and guarantee for rural revitalization. It can ensure that the rural revitalization strategy is implemented and provide reliable resources for the implementation of the rural revival strategy.This study takes the rural revitalization strategy as the perspective, adopts the literature research method, case study method, and in-depth interview method. Taking Nong'an County, Changchun City, Jilin Province as an example, we find that there are many challenges in rural grassroots governance. This is specifically manifested in the obsession with privileges of some government authorities, the interference of rural clan forces in rural governance, the brutality of foreign capital, and insufficient participation of the masses. These have led to aggravated conflicts of interest among governance subjects, which seriously hindered the pace of good governance in rural areas. The rural areas have a backward economy and heavy debts, insufficient public goods supply, and low social security levels. The phenomenon of "hollow village" and "three left-behind" in rural areas is serious. According to the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the spirit of a sound rural governance system that combines autonomy, rule of law, and rule of virtue needs to be steadily advanced from several aspects: First, give play to the core role of the leadership of the village party organization, and focus on solving and eradicating rural chaos. The second is to improve relevant laws and promote the legalization of rural grassroots governance. The third is to give full play to the main role of villagers' autonomy. The fourth is to optimize the rural grassroots governance system, and promote the improvement of governance organizations and governance elites. Finally, explore the urban-rural linkage economic development model to provide economic security for rural grassroots governance.


Currently in China,"Marxist philosophy innovation" is a heated theme in the school. Though"system faction","method faction" and"dialogue faction" were inspired, they could not truly understand why Marxist philosophy taken on theoretical contents from history and epoch, which results in unsatisfactory ones. Because the core of Marxist programme is extensive historical materialism principle, its substance is phenomenological analysis of the Capitalist history and conditions, its direction is guiding social future extend and possible revolutionary ways, while our contemporary contradictions taken on Capitalist globe permeation and latent crisis, multiple philosophy culture trends and integration, the paradox between Socialism realistic distance and final aims. Thus, three ways of Marxism philosophy innovation were presented, that were"directly face text", "directly face philosophy" and"directly face epoch".


The invention discloses a device and a method for realizing a universal type infrared remote controller based on a mobile phone, specifically, the device provided by the invention needs to be inserted into a headset jack of the mobile phone, and an application program is installed, so as to realize the function of the universal type infrared remote controller. The device provided by the invention is connected with the mobile phone via a standard headset jack so as to realize serial communication with the mobile phone. After being installed and started, the application program automatically detects the device and executes initialization. A user just needs to set information in the first use, and the set information can be stored in the mobile phone. The mobile phone application program has a graphical user interface, and is visualized and convenient in use. The mobile phone not only can support the existing home appliance remote control code types, but also can support the new remote control code types which are possibly produced in the future, so that universality is realized really. Accessing to the Internet via the mobile phone, the user can upgrade a version of the application program and a remote control code database as needed. The device provided by the invention is simple in structure, small in appearance and convenient to carry and use, and the manufacturing cost of the device is lower than that of the universal infrared remote controller.


We report a rare case of co-occurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and primary thyroid lymphoma. A 55-year-old woman presented with a large mass in left lobe of thyroid, biopsy confirmed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. After 4 cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, vincristine sulfate, and prednisolone chemotherapy, positron emission tomography scan revealed markedly decreased in size, but still present. Repeated ultrasonography-guided gun biopsies of 2 lesions indicated Hurthle cell neoplasm. After total thyroidectomy and bilateral central lymph node dissection, residual hypermetabolic lesion of left lob e was determined to be FTC and right lower lesion to be nodular hyperplasia. Besides, a PTC was incidentally detected in left lobe. If there are multiple nodular lesions at diagnosis or there is insufficient response after 1st line chemotherapy for primary thyroid lymphoma, each lesion should be biopsied to confirm its pathological type.


The impact of stochastic available generation of wind power on system operation and planning gained rising importance due to the increasing amount of wind power plants. Many models used for synthetic wind speed time series are based on ARMA-GARCH processes or Markov chains. These two approaches are compared regarding their feasibility to depict the statistical properties of the original wind speed distributions and their time series characteristics. Several data sets from different locations with different characteristics are considered. It can be shown that the ARMA-GARCH model can depict the wind speed series more applicable especially for covering the observed autocorrelations and inter-annual trends. However the parametric distribution for the ARMA-GARCH approach has to be selected carefully. The well-established Weibull distribution can be shown to be inappropriate for some sites.


Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is recognized as a serious pathogen in people with chronic cardiopulmonary conditions. Immunoprophylaxis might be considered for adults at high‐risk for frequent and severe RSV infection. Thus, we studied the incidence of RSV‐related medically attended acute respiratory illness (MARI) in adults with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or congestive heart failure (CHF).


Because of its high dielectric constant, low cost, and ease of handling and disposal, water and water mixtures are being actively investigated for use as the dielectric in pulse power capacitors, pulse forming and transmission lines, and switches [1]. Recent charge injection analysis, terminal voltage-current measurements and Kerr electro-optic field mapping measurements have shown significant space charge effects on the electric field distribution [2,3]. Recent measurements for a water/ethylene glycol capacitor with stainless steel electrodes found that open circuit high voltage decay curves had a dielectric relaxation time that decreased with increasing initial voltage at room temperature, while at −10° C, the open circuit voltage decay had a negative second derivative with time in contrast to the expected exponential decay which always has a positive second derivative [2,3]. The decay rate also depended on the electrode spacing unlike a pure ohmic dielectric with conductivity σ and permittivity ε which has a dielectric relaxation time τ =ε/σ independent of geometry and voltage. These results indicated that the charge transport time of order ℓ2/(μV0) was also an important parameter. It was hypothesized that this anomalous behavior was due to positive space charge injection with density q that increases the ohmic conductivity σ to σ + qμ.


The purpose of this articlewas to examine the effect of the availabilityofhotel brands in a destination on the promotion of the destination. Data for this study were collected through online questionnaires from a diverse population. The respondents were reached via a social medium (LinkedIn, on which the author has an account) and membership in different tourism-related and non-tourism related groups. The tourism-related groups are made up of both professionals in the field and nonprofessionals. The data were analysed using descriptive analysis (tables, cross tabulation, and Spearman ranked correlation) with spss. It was discovered that hotel brands have little impact on the choice of destination to visit in comparison to other elements of a destination, such as attraction, transportation, and other supporting services. Therefore, a hotel brand cannot be used as the sole element of destination branding as it has little or no effect on branding a destination. Keywords: hotel branding, destination branding, destination marketing, destination promotion


the object of the present article is to discuss from the theory of electoral behavior, which was originally created and used to explain the behavior of American lectors, its possible application for the Mexican case, as for long time Mexican electors seemed to behave in an exceptional manner, since election after election a single party was victorious. After analyzing some answers for the Mexican case I examine from some surveys' results, how the behavior of Mexican elector is explained.


Objective To explore the effects of curcumin (cur) on β-catenin signaling pathways in HepG2 and elucidate its anti tumor molecular mechanism.Methods The expressions of mRNA and protein of β-catenin in control HepG2 and curcumin treatment groups of different concentrations (10,20,30,40,50amol/L) were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR)and Western blot.And the transcriptional activity of β catenin was assayed by TOP flash/FOP flash dual luciferase reporter system.The expressions of β-catenin targeted gene cyclin D1,VEGF and MMP9 were evaluated by RT PCR.Results β-catenin was highly expressed in HepG2.Curcumin (10 50amol/L) could inhibit the mRNA expression of β-catenin by approximately 20%,40%,48%,58% and 60% respectively.Meanwhile curcumin (20 50amol/L) significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of β-catenin targeted gene MMP9,cyclin D1 and VEGF (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The expression of β-catenin at the protein level decreased by approximately 30%,43%,60% and 75%after treatment.And the transcriptional activity of β-catenin in HepG2 was also inhibited by different concentrations of curcumin (20 50 μmol/L) and decreased by approximately 27%,36%,55% and 60% respectively (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions Curcumin can inhibit the expression and transcriptional activity of β-catenin and affect the expression of β-catenin targeted gene through the β catenin signaling pathways.And it may be a possible mechanism of its anti neoplastic effect.

Key words:
Liver neoplasms;  Curcumin;  β-catenin;  Cyclin D1


We investigated the ammonium removal abilities of natural and synthetic zeolites with distinct Si/Al ratios and various surface areas to study how adsorption and ion exchange processes in zeolites perform under different ammonium concentrations and different temperatures. Five zeolites—natural mordenite, chabazite, erionite, clinoptilolite, and synthetic merlinoite—were immersed in 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg ammonium solutions. The results demonstrate that zeolites under high ammonium concentrations (100 mg/kg) possess higher physical adsorption capacity (0.398–0.468 meq/g), whereas those under lower ammonium concentrations (20 mg/kg) possess greater ion exchange properties (64–99%). The ion exchange ability of zeolites is extremely dependent on the cation content of the zeolites, and the cation content is affected by the Si/Al ratio. The surface area of zeolites also has a partial influence on its physical adsorption ability. When the surface area is less than 100 m2/g, the adsorption ability of zeolite increases obviously with surface area; however, adsorption ability is saturated as the surface area becomes larger than this critical value of 100 m2/g. When we placed the zeolites in 50 mg/kg ammonium concentration at different temperatures (5–50 °C), we found that the zeolites exhibited the highest ammonium removal ability at 30 °C and the potassium release was enhanced at 30–40 °C.


The paper reported the ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology of polyphenols from kiwi fruit. The effect factors including organic solvent and its concentration, ultrasonic time, extraction temperature and mass/volume were optimized by single and orthogonal experiment. The result showed the optimum process conditions were 60% acetone, mass/volume ratio 1:4 at 60 ℃ for 15 min, the yield of polyphenols was 426.562 mg/L.


derived from Greek sources, and yet the deities to whom it is addressed are essentially Italian, not Greek, what was Italian religious thought, ritual, and liturgy before the earliest Greek influence came? There must have been some such, and is it not natural to assume that it was something parallel to Greek thought and possibly derived from a common ancestry, rather than to derive it from Greek and thus leave Italian religion, which certainly originated its own gods, a blank in its content? This is the question to which it seems to me the new school have to address themselves.


Beginning with the analysis of the behavior of natural ants, this paper illuminatest the principle and method that, by adopting image texture energy as pheromone, artificial ants can have the ability to identify and remember something through the similar measurement of pheromone. Then this paper makes a study of the factors which influence the ability of artifical ants and draws some conclusions about the law of artifical ants' perception. These conclusions will be useful for applying ant simulation to image interpretation.


Investigations of the influence of dietary protein level on the activity of hepatic microsomal epoxidase were undertaken to explain the effects of low protein diets on heptachlor toxicity. These studies showed that low protein diets resulted in lower levels of microsomal epoxidase when compared to controls fed adequate protein. The in vitro determination of epoxidase correlates closely with the observation that low protein diets cause a reduction in toxicity of hepta chlor to weanling rats. J. Nutr. 101: 9-12, 1971.


This paper is based on the relationship between "religion and culture",to analyze the different characteristics and social roles of the two.The CPC as the ruling party of China,should not only support and encourage the elucidation and research concerning the relationship between religion and culture,but also need explore the endogenous factors and intrinsic motivation of religion to adapt to the socialist society.It is necessary to encourage academic research according to the positive factors of religion,which proves to be rich spiritual and cultural resources in a socialist society.Adhering to the Marxist view of religion,the CPC needs to assume their political responsibility and social responsibility when the religion problems are involved.


Presents the results of a self‐completed questionnaire aimed at determining the dietary patterns of all meals on wheels (MOW) for elderly recipients in Leicester which was distributed to 1,500 people in November 1990. A response rate of 75 per cent was achieved (32.8 per cent male and 67.2 per cent female), the greatest proportion being in the 80‐89 age range, with 91.1 per cent of the total number of recipients receiving four or five meals per week from the MOW service. Seventy‐four per cent of all recipients reported consuming other meals or snacks in addition to their MOW. The remaining 26 per cent failed to report eating anything else but their MOW. Of the total who reported eating other meals or snacks, 73.9 per cent reported they had breakfast, 12.8 per cent a mid‐morning snack, 23.4 per cent a mid‐afternoon snack, 58.8 per cent an evening meal/snack and 26 per cent supper. Presents a further breakdown of the main food patterns on each of these eating occasions, the major foods being convenience (br...


In view of the exposed defects during the operation of the traditional type lining board in the steel ball coal mill in the powder production system, and by comparison of the performance, structure and installation between the traditional type and the combined self-fixed type lining boards, it is suggested that using the high Cr cast iron lining board in place of the high Mn steel lining board can solve the problems of powder leakage and lining board falling during the operation and improve the operational reliability of the ball mill.


We propose a new modified decision-directed carrier recovery loop suitable for 16-QAM optical transmission systems. Statistical tools (S-curve) and experiments at 11-Gbaud show its benefits compared to the standard decision-directed approach.


The invention discloses a leech breeding ecological floating island. The leech breeding ecological floating island is characterized in that a rectangular slab which is 3-5 m long and 2-3 m wide is made of bamboo pieces or wood boards, a coaming which is 20 cm high surrounds the slab, a plastic floater is arranged on the periphery of the coaming, a soil layer platform is arranged on the slab, a soil layer is flush with an upper mouth of the coaming, the four corners of the slab are provided with angle columns, stand columns are arranged at the middle points of the two ends of the slab, the top ends of the angle columns are fixedly connected with the stand columns through transverse supports, a top end longitudinal support is arranged between every two stand columns, an edge longitudinal support is arranged between the angle columns on the two sides of the slab, an inverted V-type covering board is arranged between each top end longitudinal support and the corresponding edge longitudinal support, the ecological floating island is arranged at the proper offshore position of a lake or a reservoir, is dragged by a bonder header and becomes floatable, and leeches can spawn and be bred on the island. The leech breeding ecological floating island is simple in design, wide in source of materials and good in use effect, can meet the requirement that the leeches are bred on a wide water surface, is of a great significance on propagation of the leeches in water areas such as lakes and reservoirs and has great promotional value.


A control framework is introduced for collaborative training in haptic-enabled virtual environments. To increase the versatility of the proposed approach, the haptic interface control is separated from the virtual environment simulation, which can be of either impedance or admittance-type. Adaptive nonlinear controllers are developed to enforce desired linear-time-invariant and/or nonlinear static mappings among the users and the virtual task environment positions and forces. The controllers account for nonlinear models of the haptic devices and can cope with uncertainties present in the users and haptic devices dynamics. The performance and closed-loop stability of the proposed methods are demonstrated in two steps. First, using a Lyapunov analysis, the tracking behavior of the system is shown. Then given a priori known bounds on the users and environment parameters, the robust stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed based on the Nyquist envelops of interval plants and an off-axis circle criterion. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.


A model of major league baseball is developed which distinguishes between league behavior and individual team behavior. The league is viewed as setting rules that restrict the team's willingness to pay and/or impose costs on the transfer of players between teams. Given these rules, teams then compete for player services. The model is estimated and tested. The evidence suggests that the restrictive effect of league rules on player salaries declined between 1986-1988 and 1989-1991, consistent with anecdotal evidence. Within the rules established by the league, however, teams appear to behave as competitive price-takers through the entire sample period.


Introduction: We present two cases of welders with a hemochromatosis disease for which no specific etiology has been found. Studies of genetics for inherited hemochromatosis were negative.Neither external or transfusional supplies of iron, nor others hemochromatosis related diseases were found, except for alcoholism, without any hepatic disease, in one of the subjects. Objectives: To study and to discuss a possible occupational origin of the disease, which could possibly be caused at the wokplace by the chronic inhalation of iron particles, taken in by the alveolars macrophages and then transferred to the blood and organs. Material and methods: Bibliographic review. Results: After the bibliographic review, some data were found suggesting a possible occupational origin. Med Segur Trab (Internet) 2010; 56 (219): 165-185


The primary aim of this paper is to draw practitioners' attention to lesser-known risks of digital marketing research: while it enables quick and low-cost results, quality and reliability are not guaranteed. The paper also surfaces broader consequences of transitioning from traditional research, based on offline investigations and face-to-face interviews carried out by professionals, to digital research. The paper presents the results of a survey on a cohort of 200 freelance interviewers working for Italy's main research institutions, conducted through a self-administered questionnaire. Recently online marketing research, especially through panels, has gained meaningful traction. As demand for traditional marketing research contracts, professional interviewers are experiencing a material drop in requests for their in-field services and a worsening working environment. In return, this affects the quality of on field research they can provide. This is the first study, to the best of the author's knowledge, where issues and limitations of digital research are studied from the perspective of professional interviewers. This study enables managers and organisations that commission marketing research to make more informed decisions when facing the trade-offs between traditional and digital methods. Furthermore, it provides a view on how such choices may impact the future of professional interviewers and their services.


Results concerning the magnetosphere, the magnetic field, and the radiation belts of the planet Jupiter obtained by Pioneer 10 were supplemented by the observations made during the passage of Pioneer 11. Pioneer 11 provided further evidence that the disk model is inadequate as a description of the Jovian magnetosphere. The new data have made it possible to develop a field model based on an internal dipole, quadrupole, and possibly octopole and an external dipole and quadrupole.


The optimal multiuser detector (MUD) in DS/CDMA systems requires the solution of a NP-hard combinatorial optimisation problem (COP). A near optimal MUD based on solving the COP with memory search method is proposed. With almost the same computational complexity as the parallel interference cancellation (PIC) MUD, it produces a better performance gain than PIC-MUD.


Abstract This paper presents an efficient algorithm for computing 11th-power residue symbols in the cyclo-tomic field ℚ(ζ11), $ \mathbb{Q}\left( {{\zeta }_{11}} \right), $where 11 is a primitive 11th root of unity. It extends an earlier algorithm due to Caranay and Scheidler (Int. J. Number Theory, 2010) for the 7th-power residue symbol. The new algorithm finds applications in the implementation of certain cryptographic schemes.


Cloud computing is an emerging technological paradigm providing huge infrastructure, resources, storage and services over the internet. The number of users is exponentially increasing day by day. Cloud computing is made up of datacenters which handles large number of users. To handle all the clients' requests and to improve the response time, essentiality of load balancing technique is vital.
 Load balancing is an optimizing technique which increases utilization and throughput and minimize some aspects of response time, cost, resource utilization by distributing approximately the required amount of load by using scheduling techniques. It ensures that processor or the node in the network is not overloaded or lightly loaded. Load balancing techniques need to performed and work properly because in case of any failure it can lead to unavailability of data and services.
 Some existing load balancing algorithms are Round robin, Active monitoring and Throttled algorithm. The aim of this paper is to represent the efficient task execution technique which enhances cloud based load balancing.


Statistical selection approaches are used to identify the best simulated design from a finite set of alternatives. For each alternative, stochastic simulation is used to deduce the value of performance measures. Since we used simulation to get the estimates value of performance measures, there is a potential for incorrect selection. There are two measures of selection quality; the Probability of Correct Selection and the Expected Opportunity Cost of potentially incorrect selection. In this paper, we present a combined approach for selecting a good stochastic design with high probability when the number of elements in the feasible solution set is huge. In the first stage, Ordinal Optimization approach is used to select randomly a subset that intersects with the set of the actual best k% design with high probability from the search space. The next step we used Optimal Computing Budget Allocation method to allocate the available simulation samples in a way that maximize the Probability of Correct Selection. Then we used Subset Selection approach to get a smaller subset that contains the best design from the subset that is selected before. Finally, we
used the Indifference–Zone approach to select the best design from the survivors in the previous stage. This approach is tested on numerical example, and the results show that this approach selects the best design with high probability, when the number of alternative is large. On the other hand we see from the numerical results, this approach select the desired design with the minimum Expected Opportunity Cost of a potentially incorrect selection.


The psychological and behavioral consequences of exposure to traumatic events—particularly combat—have been recognized throughout the ages. Since its 1982 introduction in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition much has been learned about the pathophysiology of PTSD. Current theories focus on brain regions and neurobiological systems regulating stress and fear response, fear memory formation and retrieval. Effective pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions target these systems. New treatments must prove more effective in specific subpopulations of patients with PTSD. These will include combinations of pharmacologic agents and psychotherapy, and treatments targeting different regions, receptors, or mechanisms involved in the traumatic stress response.


New laser platforms developed to support the latest needs of biological imaging are poised to fuel the next wave of innovation in multiphoton microscopy: imaging deeper into tissue. T wo-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy has seen rapid growth in the past two decades, fueled by substantial advances in the supporting laser technology. TPEF microscopy was developed for live-cell imaging and uses femtosecond laser pulses for two-photon excitation of fluorophores. This excitation occurs only within a tight focal volume, where the laser's photon density is high enough to cause two-photon absorption, eliminating out-of-focus excitation and providing inherent spatial sectioning. Because each fluorophore has a distinct two-photon excitation profile, wavelength-tunable femtosecond laser systems provide the flexibility to selectively excite the fluorophore of interest. Recently, considerable efforts have been made to extend the depth of penetration into living tissue using longer infrared wavelengths. Another key trend has been the development of additional multimodal imaging techniques that complement TPEF microscopy. These trends have revealed the limits of current laser technology in terms of complexity, cost and ease of use. In response, commercial laser companies have developed new, innovative laser sources. New solutions include platforms offering an increased tuning range compared with existing laser sources and an innovative approach to multimodal imaging. In vivo microscopy Since the original report on TPEF imaging in 1991, 1 most researchers have preferred one-box, automated femtosecond Ti:sapphire oscillators as the source of ex-citation. 2 For this reason, excitation wavelengths generally have been limited to the Ti:sapphire emission spectrum (roughly 700 to 1000 nm). Recently, there has been considerable interest in the use of longer excitation wavelengths in the infrared region, 3 typically between 1000 and 1300 nm. Various fluorophores optimized for use with long infrared wavelengths (e.g., Alexa 680, Cyanine 5.5) and fluorescent proteins (e.g., mCherry, mKate, mPlum and TagRFP-T) have been developed and are readily available today. There is a window of relatively low light absorption by tissue in vivo between 650 and 1300 nm (Figure 1a). More importantly, light scattering decreases with wavelength, allowing the ballistic photons for fluorescence excita-tion to penetrate deeper into turbid media such as tissue 6 (Figure 1b). This reduced scatter makes the long-wavelength range of the relative transparency window particularly interesting for deep-tissue in vivo imaging. Researchers have explored these benefits , mainly using Ti:sapphire laser-pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) systems. For instance, scientists at Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y., recently showed …


Abstract * This study extends prior industrial buyer research on COO effects by decomposing the country-of-origin construct into three components: country of design, product assembly and parts manufacture, and examining their effects on the decomposed measures of product quality (design, conformance to specification, manufacturing). * The COO Model was tested on a bi-national sample of US and Mexican purchassing agents. Two products with dichotomous economic and performance risk elements were rated (explosion-proof motor and electronic power relay). Key Results * Each of the three COO components affected the US and Mexican purchasing agents' perceptions of product quality in distinctly different ways for both products in both countries. The more international markets become, the greater the salience of country-of-origin (COO) effects on sellers' and buyers' decisions (Bilkey 1993). Rising global integration is forcing firms to reexamine their global strategies from raw material sourcing and manufacturing to distribution channels and worldwide advertising. Companies are constantly seeking any competitive edge that will give them an advantage over their competitors. Country of origin is an underdeveloped area in regards to using consumers' and industrial buyers' perceptions of COO to help formulate foreign direct investment, production, sourcing, advertising, and other strategies. Although industrial buyers' decisions are influenced by numerous variables including after sales service, proximity of suppliers or their warehouses, conformance to design specifications, etc. (Hutt/Speh 1989, Thorelli/Glowacka 1995), this study will focus specifically on industrial buyers' perceptions of product quality because COO cues directly and uniquely impact these perceptions. The area of research this study will address is: How do country-of-origin cues impact purchasing agents' perceptions of product quality? Literature Review COO has often been examined from an information theoretic perspective or as an information cue (Peter/Olson 1987). Products may be conceived as consisting of an array of information cues both intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic cues involve the physical composition of the product such as flavor, color, texture, fit, etc. Intrinsic cues cannot be fully appreciated until they are actually experienced by the buyer, e.g., the sound from the stereo speakers. Extrinsic cues are external to the product itself but related to it such as price, brand, warranties, country of design, country of manufacture, etc. (Liefeld 1993). Buyers use extrinsic cues as the basis for their evaluations of product quality because it is often difficult for them to discern a product's true intrinsic quality. Country of origin is one of these extrinsic cues particularly when buyers are less familiar with foreign products (Han/Terpstra 1988) and/or intrinsic cues are not available (Huber/McCann 1982, Olson 1977). Industrial buyers use essentially the same cognitive processes in determining product choices as consumers. Indeed, although industrial buyers may follow more formalized purchasing procedures, industrial buyers are no more rational in making purchase decisions than consumers (Fern/Brown 1984, Wilson 2000). Specifically, Wilson (2000) argued that "the organizational buyer behavior theory is based largely on research into exceptional examples of purchasing (e.g., expensive or strategic purchases) whereas the vast bulk of routine purchasing occasions suggest a more typical pattern of purchasing agents acting with delegated discretion, virtually as individuals" (p.781). Moreover, most industrial buyer behavior theory has historically been "dominated by a default paradigm of large manufacturing organizations operating primarily in the context of western markets" (Wilson 2000, p. 783). In other words, many industrial buyers are not members of large complex organizations but are employed in family organizations, small business enterprises, not-for-profits, etc. …


The article examines the personal characteristics of patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system (ischemic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease) in connection with the formation of adherence to treatment. The study identified personal factors interrelated with various aspects of adherence, which are considered in line with the author's approach (awareness, medical trust, health-preserving behavior). Thus, the personality factors that favor the effective awareness of the patient about the lifestyle and therapy are high self-control, sensitivity, flexibility and social courage, while dominance acts as a psychological barrier in this regard. The formation of trust is positively associated with a high standard of behavior, diplomacy and self-control, and negatively with non-conformism. The behavioral aspect of adherence is determined by emotional stability, low anxiety and, in part, intelligence. At the same time, expressiveness and independence have a negative relationship with this component. Differences were found in the mean values on the adherence scale in men and women, as well as in samples of patients with different nosologies. The hypothesis of differences in the distribution of types of attitudes towards the disease in patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease was confirmed.


Along with the further development of economic globalization, political democracy and technical information, the finance transparency problem will be concerned more and more in future. OECD have carried on the beneficial quest in the government budget transparency construction aspect. It is worthy for us to draw lessons from their experience, such as reporting the contents at large, publishing the important information in time, paying attention to the reliability of the report and so on.


The study of human intelligence. A revision at the turn of the century. The study of intelligence has been one of the cornerstones of Psychology throughout the Twentieth Century. From the works of pioneers Ch. Spearman, A. Binet and L.L. Thurstone until the present days, advances in this area have been constant but also polemic. Due to the relevance of this area to everyday living, discussions regarding intelligence models and their implications have surpassed the academic framework to become a hot topic of socio-political discussion. Motivated by recent polemics, in this article we wish to describe, yet briefly, what today Psychologists know about human intelligence, and what remains to be discovered. Ours is not a back to the basics description, but instead attempts to provide an instant picture of our continuous quest for understanding the nature of human intelligence.


The present investigation was carried out to study the effects of Bio fertilizers, Chemical Fertilizers and Vermicompost and their combination on the Productivity of  Andrographis paniculata . The experiment  was  conducted  in a  randomized block design (RBD) with 8 treatments i.e. T 1 -NT, T 2 - VC, T 3 -BF, T 4 -CF, T 5 -BF+VC, T 6 -BF+CF, T 7 - CF +  VC, T 8 - BF+CF+VC. The experimental results revealed that maximum fresh and dried weight of root, shoot and leaves individually as well as total weight of all the parts and maximum seed yield was obtained in T 8 treatments followed by T 5 plot treatment. Thus it can be concluded that integrated combination of organic manures along with BF and CF results into improved plant productivity and seed yield.


The article presents the current clinical and epidemiological features of enterovirus infection in children of Krasnoyarsk Territory. A retrospective analysis of the incidence of enterovirus infection and enterovirus meningitis in the period 2014—2015 according to the forms of state statistical reporting №2 «Information on infectious and parasitic diseases». Clinical and epidemiological analysis of enterovirus infection in 454 children who were treated at MBUZ «City Children's Infectious Hospital №1» in the period of seasonal rise of morbidity in 2014 revealed a prevalence of etiological structure of enteroviruses Coxsackie B, Coxsackie B5, Coxsackie B3, Coxsackie B4. The region recorded the different clinical forms of enterovirus infection (rash, myalgia, diarrhea, gerpangina), the structure of which is still, aseptic meningitis prevails.


Segmentation of video data stream aims to divide the stream into temporally shorter, meaningful and manageable segments. This is the first step towards content-based multimedia database management, contented-based retrieval and browsing, and is very important to many other applications that aim to work with content. This paper presents a novel video mining algorithm that uses genetic programming for evolved rule-based scene boundary detection and whose key advantage is that is video content independent. Hence, the algorithm can be applied without modification to different video sequences just by feeding it different training data.


Agricultural development was the major contributor to South America's designation as the continent with the highest rates of forest loss from 2000–2012. As the apex predator in the Neotropics, jaguars (Panthera onca) are dependent on forest cover but the species' response to habitat fragmentation in heterogeneous agricultural landscapes has not been a subject of extensive research. We used occupancy as a measure of jaguar habitat use in Colombia's middle Magdalena River valley which, as part of the intercontinental Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena biodiversity hotspot, is exceedingly fragmented by expanding cattle pastures and oil palm plantations. We used single-season occupancy models to analyze 9 months of data (2015–2016) from 70 camera trap sites. Given the middle Magdalena's status as a "jaguar corridor" and our possible violation of the occupancy models' demographic closure assumption, we interpreted our results as "probability of habitat use (Ψ)" by jaguars. We measured the associations between jaguar presence and coverage of forest, oil palm, and wetlands in radii buffers of 1, 3, and 5 km around each camera trap. Our camera traps recorded 77 jaguar detections at 25 of the camera trap sites (36%) during 15,305 trap nights. The probability of detecting jaguars, given their presence at a site, was 0.28 (0.03 SE). In the top-ranked model, jaguar habitat use was positively influenced by wetland coverage (β = 7.16, 3.20 SE) and negatively influenced by cattle pastures (β = -1.40, 0.63 SE), both in the 3 km buffers. We conclude that wetlands may serve as keystone habitats for jaguars in landscapes fragmented by cattle ranches and oil palm plantations. Greater focus on wetland preservation could facilitate jaguar persistence in one of the most important yet vulnerable areas of their distribution.


The efficiency of manganese dioxide as an adsorbent for the removal of antimony has been examined using radiometric techniques. The optimum conditions for maximum adsorption were investigated. The influence of equilibrium time, the nature and composition of the electrolytes, shaking time and the effect of foreign ions and other metal ions on the adsorption behaviour of antimony was also studied. On the basis of these data, TeIV can be easily removed from antimony using manganese dioxide as an adsorbent. The adsorption was also found to obey the Langmuir equation, the mean sorption energy of Sb on MnO2 being 11.7 kJ/mol.


In this study, the authors tackle some control problems related to the class of continuous-time, stochastic linear time-varying systems with Markov switching. First, the annular stochastic finite-time stability problem is considered, and two sufficient conditions are derived by considering the Ito formalism. Both conditions require the solution of a feasibility problem based on differential linear matrix inequalities. The former turns out to be less conservative and, therefore, is exploited in the analysis context; however, it cannot be converted into a computationally tractable condition for feedback purposes. The latter, which is based on a more conservative assumption, allows us to solve the state-feedback design problem. They show that the proposed approach obtains less conservative results with respect to the previous literature. Moreover, the application of the methodology to the finite-time control of a satellite illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach when facing engineering problems.


The gut microbiota affects autoimmune diseases including lupus. We found that female and male microbiota in NZBxNZWF1 (BWF1) mice differ. Our goal is to understand the relationship between sex, microbiota and disease. Microbiota depletion in females has no impact on disease and female microbiota does not induce disease in males; male microbiota can protect female mice from disease while castrated male microbiota loses this ability (castration induces disease and alters the microbiota in males). Intestinal lamina propria stromal cells (LPSC) can affect microbiota and immunoregulation [via regulating CD103 dendritic cell (CD103DC) development and consequently, peripheral regulatory T cells (pTregs)]. CD103DC function and pTregs are both decreased in female and castrated male mice. Endogenous androgens directly induce genes, RALDH1and 2(i.e., retinoic acid production), TGFBand GM-CSF, in LPSC that are critical for CD103 development. Transferred male gut microbiota induce expression of the same genes in LPSC in female recipients that we determined was not due to androgens produced by the male microbiota, since no androgen response genes, ANGTLand CHRD, were induced in highly androgen-sensitive LPSC. The male microbiota metabolomic profile differs from either female or castrated male mice, and includes the RXR agonist metabolite(s), phytol/phytanic acid, that directly induce(s) LPSC to express RALDH1and 2, TGFBand GM-CSF. We propose that 1) endogenous androgens regulate CD103DC function and microbiota function through the LPSC in males; (2) male-modified microbiota produces metabolite(s) that may mediate protection in female recipients through the LPSC and subsequent restoration of CD103DC function and pTregs.
 Funded by a TIL grant from the Alliance for Lupus Research and the NIH (R01AR067188)


The present invention relates to a steering apparatus (1), especially an electric power steering apparatus (EPS) for a motor vehicle, comprising a housing (10), a steering axis (11) and at least one Achsanlenkung (12), wherein the steering device (1) one at the arranged housing (10) motor unit (14) with motor housing (15), and wherein the steering device (1) comprises an electrical sensor means (13) for water entry detection, in the motor housing (15) is arranged. Thus, a steering apparatus (1) is provided, the early detection of a leak in the housing (10) of the steering device (1) and in particular in the motor unit (14) possible.


Abstract The Gaussian plume dispersion model has gained wide acceptance for use as a predictor of average ambient air quality over a given airshed. An explicit assumption of this model is that the dispersing substance under investigation has neutral buoyancy with respect to the atmosphere. Since the modeler is often interested in the dispersion of particulate matter which has a nonzero sink rate, this assumption must be violated. Such a violation leads to mathematical difficulty when treating the surface boundary condition. In this paper, a new formulation has been developed which deals with surface deposition and reflection in a proper way. It is shown that several widely used gaseous models are subsets of this more general formulation, and that the new model reduces to these models for special cases of interest. A few numerical calculations are given to verify the development, and to compare results for existing models and the new technique.


Objiective:To explore the effects of type A behavior(TAB) on hemorheology in patients with cerebral infarction.Method Forty five cerebral infarction patients with TAB(TAB group) and 45 cerebral infarction patients with non TAB(non TAB group)served as subjects.Fasting venous blood samples were taken at 6:00 for hemorheological examination.Results As compared with the normal control group,the whole blood viscosity at low shear rate(1 s -1 )?hematocrit?plasma viscosity?the red blood cell aggregation index (RAI) and plasma fibrinogen in TAB group were increased significantly than non TAB group (P0.05).Conclusion TAB may be the one of risk factors for ischemic stroke.The interventionist treatment for TAB should be turn into the primary prevention of the ischemic stroke.


Under the background of traditional medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and music therapy had some similarities in the following aspects: yin-yang and five elements as theirs philosophical foundation, whole view and natural view as their concept system, preservation both physique and mentality as theirs health preserving main idea, and syndrome differentiation and treatment as theirs characteristics. Based on theoretical and clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine music therapy could integrate whole view and syndrome differentiation and treatment, which is the theoretical foundation of traditional Chinese medicine music treatment.


Objective: To investigate the biological and pharmacological characteristics of N-type calcium channel, and construct the different recombinants of subunits expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Methods; For expression studies, cDNAs encoding the α1B/α2δ /β1b subunits were transcribed to cRNA in vitro. α1B/α2δ/β1b, cRNA were injected to oocytes at a 1:1:1 concentration ratio respectively,and two-electrode voltage clamp was used to record the current. Results; The expressed N-type calcium channel currents in oocytes were fully blocked by ω-CTX MV Ⅱ A (1 FFUmol/L). α1B Expressed alone reached maximum current about 20 mV [(21.17±1.44) mV, (n = 7)]. Coexpression of the β1b with the α1B caused the shift of current-voltage relationship in a negative direction[ (12. 35±0. 88) mV, (n =7, P0.01)]. However, the current-voltage relationship was shifted in the positive direction by coexpression with α2δ subunit[(23.25 ± 1.25) mV, (n=7, P0. 05)]. Coexpression of α2δ/β1b/α1B produced the inward current in the hyperpolarizing direction [(17.08±1.86) mV, (n =7)]. Meanwhile, the voltage dependence of inactivation of recombinant N-type channel currents also was observed using the conventional double-pulse protocol. Half-inactivation potential was - 12. 0 mV for α1B alone, - 13.5 mV for α1B/α2δ, -51.4 mV for α1B/β1b, and -45. 9 mV for α1B/α2δ/β1b. Conclusion; The transient expres-sion system of N-type calcium channels in Xenopus oocytes was successfully established. The auxiliary subunits alone and in combination show different kinetic characteristics in the N-type channel, raising the possibility that subunit interaction contributes to the generation of functional diversity of N-type channels with wild-type neuronal preparations also, which provide the foundation for further study.


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Studies the layer assignment problem of multi-chip modules (MMCs) and presents algorithms for layer assignment of 2-terminal and multiterminal nets. Solutions obtained by our experimental results show a significant reduction in the number of plane-pairs required by our algorithms, in comparison with the previous algorithms. We improve the upper bound for multiterminal nets and show that the solutions obtained by our algorithms are close to the lower bounds.<<ETX>>


ABSTRACT This study aims to verify whether the percentage of stock offerings, company age, and market timing affect the underpricing of companies that make Initial Public Offering (IPO) during 2014-2017. This research is a type of quantitative research and the data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The sampling technique used in this study was a purposive sampling technique with certain criteria, so that 76 sample companies were obtained.


This paper discusses the employment issue during the information age. It points out the importance of industrial design in creating job opportunities. It proposes the designing concept in order to maintain the balance of ecology, better utilization of resources and promotion of sustainable development. It also puts forward the value of designing concept of information age.


Clinical practice guidelines have introduced a new dimension to facility-level performance measurement—one which requires caregivers to change the way they have traditionally evaluated patient care practices. To successfully integrate guideline-derived evaluation tools into their performance measurement activities, practitioners and quality management professionals face new education and training challenges.


In this letter, we study the numerical solutions of a class of elliptic type of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations, which arise from stochastic control and multiplayer stochastic game problems with random terminal time. Two closely related algorithms are proposed. One of them is to use value iteration on approximating Markov decision processes, and the other is to use a deep-learning approach solving Bellman equations. The convergence is shown by using a viscosity solution approach.


To reduce the mass of the widely used plastic caps there were compared two thread profiles
and various outer shapes of them analysed by FE models applying axisymmetric, linear
elastic finite elements plus contact elements. The result of this investigation by reducing
mated threads and modifying the cap's outer geometry produced about 40% reduction in mass.


Techniques for Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) are commonly classified as either conservative or optimistic depending upon the method used to maintain causality (events in the past must be executed before future events). Conservative techniques generally require blocking the progress of some processes until it is guaranteed that no event will arrive that should be executed before the event that is currently the next to execute. Optimistic techniques do not require blocking because they provide methods to recover from causality errors. Time Warp is an optimistic technique that saves the state of the process and events to undo the effects of causality errors. This method of keeping state and event histories allows the process to rollback (restore itself to a state previous to the error and cancel erroneous events sent to other processes).
There is a limit to the amount of histories required by the process to service rollbacks. Reclaiming unneeded histories in the simulation is referred to as fossil collection. Fossil collection in Time Warp has traditionally been through conservative methods that require the calculation of the lowest event timestamp that will be executed in the simulation. The calculation of this value (the Global Virtual Time or GVT) is a global calculation requiring data from of all processes in the simulation. This requirement ensures that history that is still needed for the simulation is not reclaimed.
This dissertation develops and investigates an extension of the optimistic paradigm to fossil collection (called Optimistic Fossil Collection) to Time Warp. The optimistic protocol of Time Warp is described as a decision function that determines the actions of the process under uncertainty and a recovery method for eliminating errors from the computation when the decision function is incorrect. The normal method determining what histories can be reclaimed is through estimating GVT. The timestamp of each history item is compared against GVT to determine if the history is still required (an active history) or can be reclaimed (a fossil). This method of fossil collection is conservative because fossils can only be reclaimed only when it is certain that they are fossils (fossil collection is done without error). In Optimistic Fossil Collection (OFC) the uncertainty over the state of the history (active or fossil) is not resolved using global knowledge. In OFC, a decision is made using local information and the possibility of error is allowed. The state of the simulation is saved (a checkpoint is made) in the same manner as Time Warp saves the process state. In this way, the state of the simulation is saved so that the simulation can be restored to a state prior to an error in fossil collection.
Different decision functions for determining the state of process histories are proposed and evaluated along with a lightweight method of checkpointing the simulation. Implementations of the Time Warp using Optimistic Fossil Collection and GVT are compared using a simulation benchmark (PHOLD), a simulation of a RAID level 5 disk array, and a simulation of a Shared Memory Multi-Processor. A further comparison between the two methods of fossil collection is done using both balanced and unbalanced workloads to show the resiliance of OFC against GVT thrashing.


Since the proposal of General Relativity,
we had collected plenty of evidence for the existence of black holes, but it was circumstantial. The main discussion
of this thesis is to theoretically compute the appearance of a black hole when observed directly (as
predicted by the General theory of Relativity). One might ask if radiation cannot escape black holes,
how is direct observation possible? Of course radiation cannot escape black holes, but if it were in
front of a luminous background, it casts its shadow not just by being opaque but also by absorbing
some radiation into it. What is observed is its shadow. This might be considered the closest we can get
to actually observing a black hole. Scholars have found that properties of a black hole like charge and
spin can in principle be measured from the shadow. Shadows are also useful in testing new theories of
quantum gravity. We shall begin with the basic ideas behind construction of shadow, and construct
one. We shall also see the effects of a new theory on the shadow.


The objective – to summarize the current literature data on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of malignant hyperthermia.   The search and analysis of literature data on malignant hyperthermia in the medical information systems PubMed, Сochrane librarу, Cyberleninka for the last 10 years was performed with using the keywords: «malignant hyperthermia», «dantrolene», «general anesthesia», «succinylcholine», «inhalation anesthetics». The search criteria were met by 96 publications. In addition, references to selected articles were manually checked for applicable articles including recent reports of malignant hyperthermia, in addition to works of historical significance. It was shown that malignant hyperthermia develops in susceptible individuals during or after general anesthesia with the use of trigger agents – inhaled halogen-containing anesthetics and succinylcholine. Until recently, the problem of treatment in Russia remained unresolved, since specific therapy for this syndrome was not available. In connection with the official registration of Dantrolene in the Russian Federation, this problem no longer has a life-threatening potential. Doctors should recognize the symptoms of this disease as early as possible in order to quickly begin the pathogenetic treatment of malignant hyperthermia in order to prevent fatal complications. The material is intended for a wide audience of anesthesiologists, resuscitators and surgeons who may encounter this pathology in clinical practice.


A mobile phone application has been developed and deployed on an Android Phone whose responsibility is to track the GPS location and send it to a remote location. The safe of vehicles is extremely essential for public vehicles. Vehicle tracking and locking system installed in the vehicle, to track the place. In this system client just send one message to the vehicle and the vehicle mobile will send you the current location of your vehicle in the form of web link and user has to click on a link and that link goes to Google map and will show the current location of your vehicle. At the same time Mobile Providers are also providing the variety of services to users. In attempt to expand on this, we propose a GPS based vehicle tracking system for an organization to help to find addresses of their vehicles and locate their positions on mobile devices. The proposed technology allows organizations to track real-time information about their organizational vehicle during travel. Today for local transport most people use Bus as a medium. Android application which provides the exact location of all organizational vehicles. During vehicle motion its location update can be continuously reported to a server using GPRS service.


Internet communication has revolutionised human communication, which is rapidly migrating from the physical world to the digital world. However, digital communication is often criticised for encouraging social isolation, and diminishing our abilities to empathise and form emotional bonds. Communication technologies still focus on transmitting visual and audio information, thus missing the emotional exchange during face-to-face interaction expressed through physical contact and non-verbal cues.


The invention discloses a control method of the grain sizes of monodisperse silicon dioxide pellets, relating to a method for controlling the grain sizes of the monodisperse silicon dioxide pellets and aiming at solving the problems that an existing control method of the grain sizes of the monodisperse silicon dioxide pellets cannot realize continuous preparation and the prepared silicon dioxide pellets have small grain sizes. The control method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing a mixed liquor of absolute ethyl alcohol and ammonium hydroxide; 2, preparing a mixed liquor of TEOS (tetraethoxysilane) and absolute ethyl alcohol; and 3, dropwise adding the mixed liquor of TEOS and absolute ethyl alcohol into the mixed liquor of the absolute ethyl alcohol and ammonium hydroxide, reacting for 3 hours, then measuring the gain sizes of the silicon dioxide pellets in the solution by using a laser analysis meter, and adding the TEOS and water in batch according to a formula until the gain sizes of the silicon dioxide pellets reach the targeted gain size. According to the control method disclosed by the invention, the silicon dioxide pellets do not need to take out from a reactor, so that the continuous preparation can be realized and the silicon dioxide pellets with large gain sizes can be prepared; and the gain size of each silicon dioxide pellet is less than or equal to 5%.


To evaluate the impact of an intervention designed to facilitate co-production on the client-therapist therapeutic relationship in an intellectual disability service.The 'My Psychology Treatment Plans' intervention was administered to 20 service users during their first three months of admission to a tier four specialist intellectual disability forensic service. Pre- and post-scores were collected using the service user version of the Scale to Assess Therapeutic Relationships (STAR-P; McGuire-Snieckus et al., 2007).A paired-samples t-test revealed a significant increase in positive collaboration, positive clinician input, and overall total score. This suggested an overall increase in positive therapeutic relationship.The findings support the existing literature of the importance of co-production in increasing the therapeutic relationship between client and therapist, and co-production should be a key component of developing treatment plans.This study contributes to developing an understanding of the importance of co-production in secure services, particularly within an intellectual disability population.


In place of a unifying foreign policy strategy or agenda, the main parties head into the general election with little to differentiate them and with little sense of long-term vision, writes Jonathan Gilmore. The main parties seem united in seeing an expanding horizon for a prosperous, globally influential Britain – a responsible, humane and internationalist power – but one which is also simultaneously resigned to more modest ambitions and the narrowing of its actual capacity.


In the beginning of the 1990th a large-scale field trial with permanent plots on arable farms in southern and eastern Germany was established to determine the effect of various tillage systems [mouldboard ploughing (25-30 cm deep), conservation tillage with a rigid tine cultivator (10-15 cm and 20-25 cm deep), direct drilling] on yield, quality and economic performance of winter wheat and sugar beet crops. Winter wheat and sugar beet yield did not significantly differ between conservation tillage systems and ploughing, whereas, in both crops a yield loss occurred with direct drilling ( 4 % winter wheat and -15 % sugar beet). With regard to the net margin, lower production costs obtained with direct drilling compensated for the yield decrease in winter wheat but not in sugar beet. In 2003-2005 the effect of tillage treatments on soil chemical and physical properties and white sugar yield (WSY) was investigated to detect the reason for differences in yield reduction of tillage intensity significantly WSY. However, with conservation tillage and direct drilling concentration of soil organic carbon (Corg), soil nitrogen (Nt) and Corg/Nt-ratio increased in the upper layer of the topsoil, but remained unaffected in the lower topsoil and subsoil. Similarly, plant available P and K was accumulated in the upper topsoil, but K slightly decreased in lower topsoil horizon. Mg was not influenced by tillage treatments. This investigation showed that conservation tillage and direct drilling do not necessarily limit nutrient supply of crops compared to mouldboard ploughing. On the contrary, higher humus and nutrient concentrations found in the upper topsoil of several sites may indicate enhanced soil fertility and, moreover, improved conditions for plant growth with conservation tillage. Obviously, yield reduction in WSY going along with reduced tillage is caused by alterations of soil properties other than nutrient status. In contrast the investigation of soil structural parameters showed major differences between tillage systems. Decreasing tillage depth increased penetration resistance (PR) and dry bulk density (DBD), and diminished air filled pore volume (AFPV) in the topsoil down to 0.27 m depth, respectively. Several soil structural parameters were closely correlated with each other, and especially to WSY. Variation of single parameters explained up to 60 % of WSY variance attributed to tillage. Combining DBD from 0.03-0.07m depth, average PR from 0.03-0.27 m and AFPV from 0.03-0.18 m soil depth explained 77 % of the tillage effect. Nevertheless, multi-collinearity of soil physical parameters gave no clear evidence on cause and effect. Conclusively, this investigation clearly showed that conservation tillage systems may result in higher net margins. The production of winter wheat is even successful with no tillage but soil structure degradation due to direct drilling reduces WSY. Thus, sugar beet grown on loessial soils require mechanical loosening down to 0.15-0.20 m depth to produce high WSY and to obtain acceptable net margins. With regard to changing overall production conditions, especially raising production costs, conservation tillage can help maximizing net margins.


STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATIONS OF MUSCLE ACTION POTENTIALS BASED ON MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF ION CHANNEL DYNAMICS GyuTae Kim Old Dominion University, 2011 Director: Dr. Frederic D. McKenzie An Electromyogram (EMG) is an electrical signal, which is measured from a skeletal muscle during voluntary and involuntary contractions. EMGs are useful in interpreting pathological states of the musculoskeletal system. In particular, EMGs offer valuable information concerning the timing of muscular activity and its relative intensity. Various EMG models have developed with many different purposes from a pure mathematical model to a pattern structure model [17,46]. Sophisticated EMG models are necessary to examine the effects of small changes in muscular morphology and activities [46]. Due to the crucial importance of EMG models, all factors in the model should be precise and accurate. Especially, an intracellular action potential (IAP) model, the starting point of an EMG model, should be precisely generated because of its importance as the main component for an EMG model. Generally, the Rosenfalck IAP model [75,89] has been used because of its computational simplicity [59,72,77]. However, the Rosenfalck IAP model oversimplifies a real IAP, which has been experimentally measured, and it results in mismatching amplitudes and time duration between a real and modeled IAP. This research proposes a mathematical IAP model using a series of modified gamma and erlang probability density functions. The optimization of the proposed IAP model was conducted by several different numerical methods, namely Gauss-Newton, Steepest Descent, and Conjugate Gradient methods. These optimizing methods for the proposed muscle IAP model were validated by applying them to the experimental results of the Hudgkin and Huxley neuron action potential [11]. Due to the similarity in the mechanism of both nerve and muscle IAP generations, the validation shows that the methods and results are reasonably applied and obtained in the proposed muscle model, which for the first time incorporates properties that explain ion channel behavior in IAP generation. This thesis is dedicated to my parents, JungMan Kim and YoungHye Bae, who are my mentors for life. Without their encouragements and sacrifices, I couldn't have finished one of my most important academic careers. I also thank my two sisters and their families for their endless support during my long school years. Finally, I want to thank my wife, SunHee Lee, who always trusts and supports me without any doubts.


Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the presence of benign tumors in many organs. The pathogenic mutation is found in either the TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor genes. The presence of cortical or subcortical tubers is associated with focal epileptiform discharges on the electroencephalogram and subclinical seizures prior to the onset of clinical seizures. It is known that epileptic seizures in tuberous sclerosis are very resistant to the treatment, therefore, developmental delay usually occurs. In the last decade, more attention has been paid to early recognition and control of seizures (with vigabatrin or everolimus) in tuberous sclerosis complex, as this is highly correlated with improved developmental and neurological outcomes.The article reviews epilepsy and preventive antiepileptic treatment for tuberous sclerosis complex.


Outdoor agricultural workers often work in harsh environmental conditions, including high temperatures and poor air quality. This paper studies how these factors impact worker productivity, which can have implications for worker health, well‐being, and income as well as farm payroll, production, and profitability. Our analysis uses 6 years of payroll records of harvesters on two large farms combined with pollution and weather monitor data from multiple sources. We address simultaneity issues by exploring pollution measurements from nearby upwind and downwind monitors and incorporating an alternative PM2.5 measure that better captures ambient or regional concentration. Across all specifications, results suggest that heightened concentrations of ground‐level ozone and PM2.5 are associated with reduced productivity. In our main specification, we find that one standard deviation increases in ozone and PM2.5 are associated with reductions in productivity of 2% and 1.1%, respectively.


Since MAP decoding algorithm for variable length codes (VLC) is computational impractical, a fast algorithm is proposed in this paper, which simplifies the trellis representation for VLC so that the number of states is bounded by a constant, thus the computational complexity of the MAP decoding algorithm is significantly reduced, asymptotically from O(n/sup 2/) to O(n). In simulations, only a slight performance degradation of the fast algorithm relative to exact MAP decoding is observed, while it runs about 6 times faster than exact MAP decoding.


When providing feedback to students working in groups, professors may use a variety of methods. Using computer generated feedback to give direction and correction for group assignments provides a way to maximize the professor's time and provide consistent feedback across different groups and assignments. This article discusses the effect of two types of computer-generated feedback. The first is a semi-automated process for inserting pre-defined comments in student papers (the software is titled Strategy Assistant). This software allows the professor to define the most commonly used feedback information, then easily insert his comments on student papers. The second type is an automated process for giving grammar and style feedback. The automated grammar software (Edit Assist) checks the student paper for numerous grammar and style errors, then automatically inserts comments that identify problems. This article discusses the improvements in group performance with each of these types of feedback and measures the change in student performance during the course of a semester. Both types of feedback tended to improve student performance over the course of the semester, with the Strategy Assistant having the biggest impact on student grades and Edit Assist having the biggest impact on writing style error improvement.


Format of titles of the seeing-off poems in the Tang Dynasty was rich and colorful,and it was an important poetic art form in the Tang Dynasty.The titles of the seeing-off poems in the Tang Dynasty could approximately be classified into eight types such as seeing-off,giving present for departure and flattering etc.Different types of titles express different thoughts and feelings but they are all showing the poets' true emotions.


Resuming HEE exam is a paragon that Comrade Xiao Ping perfectly and fully understand Mao Ze Dong Thought, arid also the paragon of his denying the cultural revolution, redressing the so-called "revisionism education route". Being the prelude of thought liberation and setting wrong things right, the HEE exam resuming experienced historic bumpiness, concentrating the foresight-sagacity and bold strategy of Comrade Xiao Ping-a great statesman. Being a witness in history, the author entered and left the Education Ministry three or two times, personal fate always having something to do with the national fate, the fate of HEE examination.


The purpose of the paper is to reveal the peculiarities of research (methodological aspect) of the phenomenon of leadership in public administration. The phenomenon of leadership is extremely multifaceted in its manifestations and functions, depends on historical epochs, types of political systems, specific situation, characteristics of leaders and their constituents, and other factors. Today, the methodology for researching the phenomenon of leadership in public administration of Ukraine remains relevant, it will allow formulating faithful (verified) proposals for their practical application. The paper focused on the following methodological aspects to highlight the features of research of the leadership in public administration of Ukraine: the use of scientific approaches, the latest developments of domestic and foreign scientists, the application of the phenomenological approach, special research methods, empirical methods, etc. The results of the study confirmed: the difference in the approaches of domestic and foreign scientists to the study of leadership in public administration; lack of critical discrepancy between the theoretical approaches to the leadership of the North American Science School and the practical approaches to the leadership in public administration in the USA, Canada; the fallacy of the blind application (without proper empirical research) of foreign scientists' studies to develop proposals for the leadership in public administration in Ukraine; failure to rely solely on the analysis and generalization of the theoretical approaches of scientists in the study of leadership in public administration; the need to test leadership theories in public administration of Ukraine through empirical research; the need for broader use of the phenomenological approach to identify the attributes of effective leaders in public administration in Ukraine, as well as specific research methods: interviewing, testing, non-standard interviewing, peer review, integrated data processing applications, etc.


Land use/ land cover (LULC) changes influence the whole natural system directly or indirectly, so monitoring these changes is essential to balance the natural environment. This research surveyed changes in LULC in the Tha Chin River Basin. Using Google Earth Engine and ArcGIS, Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 Thematic Mapping satellite photos were utilized to identify LULC classes for the years 2000, 2010 and 2020 for the Tha Chin river basin. Fifty training samples for five classes were collected by supervised classification to analyze land cover types in the Tha Chin basin. Among these five classes, the urban area shows a significant change from 2000 to 2020; the second significant change is the forest area. The monitoring of changes in LULC would provide a crucial basis for the region environmental management and integrity in the Tha Chin River Basin.


This article describes an offline calibration methodology, resorting to a three-axis rate and positioning table, for high-grade inertial measurement units that encompass three sets of triaxial sensors: advanced fiber optic gyroscopes sensitive to the Earth's rotational velocity; low-noise accelerometers; and integrated magnetometers. The calibration routine, which is similar for all sensory devices, yields three constant parameters a correction matrix, a bias vector, and a reference vector related to a known inertial quantity. Experimental results are presented, featuring the calibration of both high-grade rate gyros and accelerometers, that allow verification of the effectiveness of the proposed method.


This article reports on a new single-rod progestin contraceptive implant (Implanon) produced by Netherlands-based Organon NV for market introduction in the US. While Organon considers the timing of Implanon's entrance in the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval process, Wyeth Ayerst Laboratories of Philadelphia has already FDA clearance in hand to market its two-rod levonorgestrel implant system. However, Wyeth Ayerst continues to conduct additional research. The company's research includes an assessment of potential design, with changes in the trocar insertion device for the two-rod implant being under consideration. Insertion and removal of the single-rod implant system is easier and quicker than with the original six-implant Norplant system. US clinicians and their patients are looking forward to the availability of Implanon.


Quality of life (QoL) represents a dramatic issue in an aging population. Vitamin D has been consistently associated with several diseases. Thus, vitamin D may be considered a hallmark of health status. Our aim was to investigate whether vitamin D could be a determinant of self-perceived quality of life. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) for quality of life, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), the Beck Depression Inventory II edition (BDI-II), in addition with multiple clinical risk factors for fractures and FRAX score, BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck, were evaluated in a group of 177 postmenopausal women referring to an outpatients clinic for the prevention of osteoporosis. Serum levels of vitamin D [25(OH)D], indicative of vitamin D status, were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Scores of each dimension of the SF-36 were significantly related with the measurements of anxiety and depression by HAM-A and BDI-II respectively. Moreover role emotional, vitality, general health and bodily pain were significantly associated with vitamin D status. However, at a stepwise multiple regression analysis the physical component summary, obtained from SF-36, was not independently predicted from vitamin D. In conclusion we found an association between vitamin D status and QoL, thus we suggest physicians to consider vitamin D levels as a marker of QoL. Further studies testing the impact of vitamin D administration in improving QoL over time are needed.


This article provides an overview of the present state of medication therapy for invasive fungal illnesses, as well as research goals for the future new chemical development. Production of orally accessible medicines for the treatment of Candida infections is a key opportunity for novel drugs. In some cases, antifungal resistance is a problem, but it is normally less of a problem than bacterial infections. Improved results will come from earlier and more thorough mycological diagnosis, as well as improvements in underlying risk estimate.


This paper describes a manipulative stage which can be used to vary the strain applied to fibers, yarns, fabrics, or films within the evacuated specimen chamber of a Cambridge Stereoscan SEM. In another similar stage, an object can be twisted or rotated about its axis so that its complete periphery may be examined. Some of the problems encountered, such as the difficulty in maintaining a conductive surface, are considered. Qualita tive observations of the fracture characteristics of some types of natural and commercial man-made fibers strained in tensile, loop tensile, and knot tensile tests are presented, as well as some observations on fibers subjected to twisting forces. Finally, observations on the tearing,of a photographic film are recorded.


Assembly for holding an article may be used with the flexible manufacturing system for an article held in place. Holding assembly may be used with the printing system to print the article. Assembly for holding items to be expandable. Retention assembly may comprise a moldable surface, said molding surface may be provided temporarily fixed geometry by using a vacuum. Component helps to maintain the outer surface of the article to provide flattened to facilitate printing.


In this paper, we introduce a novel multifractional noise, which we call modified multifractional Gaussian noise (mmfGn). The introduced mmfGn is with the time varying Hurst parameter H(t) on a point-by-point basis based on the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the fractional Gaussian noise. The representations of the ACF and the power spectrum density (PSD) of the mmfGn are presented in Theorems 1 and 4, respectively. Besides, we propose the approximation of the ACF of mmfGn in Theorem 2. We put forward the properties of the long-range dependence (LRD) and short-range dependence (SRD) of mmfGn in Theorem 3 and the condition of mmfGn to be 1/f noise in Theorem 5. The fractal dimension of mmfGn, which is also time varying on a point-by-point basis, is proposed in Theorem 6. As an application case, we use the time varying Hurst parameter H(t) to describe the time varying LRD of sea level.


Most optical tracking algorithms are based upon a set of intensity measurements from an array of discrete dectector elements. However, as technology progresses, the number of possible detector elements per unit will increase so that in the limit it is reasonable to consider a spatially distributed measurement. In such a limit, the appropriate model is the space-time point process. We present the minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator structure for the general problem of tracking the centroid of a Gaussian shaped intensity profile based upon such a measurement. Both upper and lower bounds on MSE are presented as well as an indication of operating regimes where the bounds are nearly equal. Thus quantum limited minimum signal levels are established for which acceptable performance can be obtained. The estimator structure and performance are compared to those obtained in the discrete array case in order to study the effects of finite detector size. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation results are presented to verify the bounds and to illustrate the sensitivity of the results to the measurement model assumptions.


A 68 year old man was referred for assessment of a painful right leg. The symptoms had started three years previously with intermittent pain on the lateral aspect of the right calf. The pain had gradually become more persistent and spread to the sole of the foot, the back of the leg, and the buttock. Within six months the painful area had become numb, and within one year he noticed onset of right leg weakness, which was progressive. The pain was severe, worse when lying down, and he required considerable doses of opiates, which did not fully relieve the pain. He had longstanding constipation, but no recent change in bladder or sexual function.

He had a history of Gleason grade 3+3 prostatic carcinoma, for which he had undergone radical prostatectomy four years earlier. This had been followed by radiotherapy to the prostate bed, and he was being treated with ongoing goserelin injections. His prostate specific antigen level was 8.17 µg/L when first seen; however, when repeated it was 3.14 µg/L. He also had a history of well controlled non-insulin dependent diabetes and hypertension.

On examination the patient was in pain. He had wasting of the right gluteus maximus and hamstrings, without fasciculations. Tone was normal. Hip flexion and knee extension power was Medical Research Council grade 5/5; however, there was weakness of hip extension to 4/5, knee flexion to 3/5, and ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion to 0/5. Reflexes were initially absent in the right leg with reinforcement; however, when the patient's pain was under better control the knee jerk was present but ankle jerk remained absent. He had sensory loss to pinprick in the distribution of L5 to S3 dermatomes on the right, whereas perianal sensation was intact (S4 and S5). There was impaired proprioception and vibration sense to the …


The present invention, financial transactions via the Internet, personal information to the health of an individual or when the company user of the security authentication as research projects are important to the request, the safety the secret information of the user to the authentication server about virtual secret authentication system and an authentication method for a disposable that can be transmitted. Database (11) generates the matching information in the authentication server (10) containing the as providing an authentication server (10) matching information generated via the display communication network device (30) (20), the user display device (30) is a virtual private information is entered for disposable by a user matching information display, the input device (40) to be able to enter the virtual secret information disposable but viewed matching information When, via said input device (40) communication network is virtual secret disposable input (50) and transmits the authentication to the server (10), the virtual secret information authentication server (10) in a disposable input the interpreted and determines the authentication / non authentication. .FIELD 1


Metastatic tumors of the oral region constitute a rare entity with very few reported cases and exhibiting symptoms that may mimic common dental and periodontal infections and benign lesions and are often diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease leading to a poor and unfavorable prognosis. This article seeks to review existing literature regarding the metastatic lesions in order to increase awareness of the occurrence in order to help in early detection, diagnosis and better prognosis.


The invention discloses a cavitation implantation method and device based on laser induced shock wave focusing. The method comprises the steps that an elliptical reflector and a workpiece to be machined are put in working liquid; incident laser is reflected through a light path system and focused through a convex lens, and the focus of the incident laser acts on a near-end focus of the elliptical reflector; plasma shock waves produced by induction of the laser at the near-end focus and shock waves produced during collapse of cavitation bubbles by the laser are propagated outwards along the spherical surface with the near-end focus of the elliptical reflector as the center; and the shock waves are reflected by the elliptical reflector to be gathered at a far-end focus of the elliptical reflector again, and the shock waves which are gathered again and enhanced directly act on fine particles in the working liquid to implant the fine particles in the working liquid into the surface of the workpiece. According to the cavitation implantation method and device, energy of laser induced shock waves is more centralized, and use efficiency of the laser induced shock waves is improved; the focusing position and energy of the shock waves are adjustable, the fine particles in the working liquid are implanted into the surface of the workpiece more effectively, and the target implantation accuracy is improved.


The tribological behavior of polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) composites filled with carbon fibers(CF)etc fillers was studied under different load. Composite microstructures and modes failure were investiged by SEM. The fusion heat and the degree of crystallinity of the various composites were got by DSC and XRD, which were related to the tribological performance. These results indicate that the creep fracture is the main reason of early failure of PTFE composites under high load; and the addition of fillers with high specific surface area will cause an increase in the fusion heat of PTFE composites, then that makes the wear rate decrease; the crystallinity of PTFE matrix has distinctly effect on the resistance of creep distortion.


This research aims to find out how much research on maqasid sharia and its coverage based on journals published with the theme "Maqasid Sharia in Economic Context". This research uses various scientific journals as data sources. By using keywords to find publications in the Dimensions database with the phrase "Maqasid Shariah". There are 660 journal articles from that have been published which is in line with the topic. Trends in publication development were used to analyze information relating to the study's subject using the bibliometric-displaying software VOSviewer by using meta-analysis technique. There are several keywords that are classified into four clusters. In the first cluster there are 24 words that can be grouped into the theme "Application of Maqasid Sharia Principles in Modern Cases".  In the second cluster there are 15 words that are grouped into the theme "Sustainability Economics in Covid-19 Pandemic and Maqasid Sharia". The third cluster has 12 words related to the theme "Wealth Protection in Islamic Perspective and Maqasid Shariah". The last is cluster four which consists of 10 words related to the theme "Islamic Banking and Maqasid Shariah".