Variability in physician decision-making is evident from recent studies on acute coronary syndrome documenting substantial differences in the use of various cardiac procedures.1 Fundamental to decision-making is the recognition of the most powerful predictors of survival. It is essential for the cardiovascular specialists to attempt and define the appropriate indications for medications and procedures and to base these recommendations on data from clinical research studies whenever possible.

The essential feature of clinical judgment is that physicians do not act solely on an evidence basis or on an arbitrary basis. Clinical judgment combines personal clinical experience, published research, patient perspectives, and other insights. Clinical judgment, however, might be a flaw. Common elements that may produce errors include conflicting information, limited time, and the physicians' remind of their own clinical experience, the latter being too heavily influenced by recent cases or particularly bad or good outcomes.2 Clinical consensus guidelines are developed to overcome these recognized limitations by providing a complete and unbiased picture of published research and clinical experience.3,4

Although applying guidelines is highly rational, clinicians do not always make decisions in this fashion. The perspective article by Yan et al .5 is a welcome explication of this contentious topic. In this study, participating physicians were asked to categorize their patients into low, intermediate, and high-risk groups, according to the Canadian guidelines that are similar to the ACC/AHA and ESC guidelines. Cardiac catheterization is recommended for …

*Corresponding author. Tel:/fax: +39 (0) 513 47290. E-mail address : raffaele.bugiardini{at}unibo.it


Settlement of ground can be explained by Terzaghi's theory of consolidation in the field of soil mechanics. Terzaghi introduced the concept of strain to the consolidation equation in the theory. On the other hand, the diffusion-like equation for earthquake prediction can explain precursory phenomena such as crustal movement and electrical resistivity closely link to the relationship between magnitude and precursor time. However, the reason is obscure why derived from the diffusion-like equation in spite of given seismological impact. Accordingly, we noticed the void ratio from the point of view of consolidation rather than the equation by the concept of hydrostatic pressure. Therefore, this consolidation idea (to relate void ratio and dilatancy) can effectively explain the electrical resistivity composed in saturated ground. d c d v d p M qd d p     


Uniaxial ratchetting characteristics of 316FR steel at room temperature are studied experimentally. Cyclic tension tests, in which maximum strain increases every cycle by prescribed amounts, are conducted systematically in addition to conventional monotonic, cyclic, and ratchetting tests. Thus hysteresis loop closure, cyclic hardening and viscoplasticity are discussed in the context of constitutive modeling for ratchetting. The cyclic tension tests reveal that very slight opening of hysteresis loops occurs, and that neither accumulated plastic strain nor maximum plastic strain induces significant isotropic hardening if strain range is relatively small. These findings are used to discuss the ratchetting tests. It is thus shown that uniaxial ratchetting of the material at room temperature is brought about by slight opening of hysteresis loops as well as by viscoplasticity, and that kinematic hardening governs almost all strain hardening in uniaxial ratchetting if stress range is not large.


The research topic has significant relevance, since currently the IT market is seen from a perspective only benefit and no processes to provide greater security and reliability to customers in terms of service delivery takes, but in the present work determines the need for these businesses are in service and attention, because customers are the foundation of any business yl most companies in the country has chosen to purchase this type of services that facilitate the daily processes thereof.


34 isolates were isolated from 156 nasal swabs,which were collected from pig herds showing clinical symptoms of atrophic rhinitis in Guizhou province and those isolates were identified as Bordetella bronchiseptica(Bb)by their morphology and structure,staining reaction,cultural performance and biochemical reaction.The specific DNA fragment was amplified from 34 isolates based on one pair of primer of Bb flagellin gene.The minimum detection content was 0.64 pg.And the primers had no cross reaction with P.multocida,S.aureus,B.subtilis,P.aeruginosa,P.mirabillis and E.coli,which were commonly found in nasal cavity and lung tissue of pig.These isolates were high-sensitive to polymyxin broth,ciprofloxacin,norfloxacin,kanamycin and gentamicin.


Dysfunction of the DNA repair machinery may be one of the potential mechanisms leading to DNA damage and subsequent evolution of chromosomal abnormalities in MDS. However, the complexity of the possible mechanisms that could result in increased propensity to chromosomal breaks constitutes one of the obstacles in the rational targeting of deficient repair pathways for future investigations. Our study involved 37 patients with MDS (19 RA/RARS, 16 RAEB/AML, 2 CMML) and 10 controls. As expression arrays constitute a suitable hypothesis-forming tool, we have applied a specialized expression array to interrogate the most important DNA repair mechanisms in highly purified CD34+ progenitor cells from controls (N=10) and MDS patients (N=12). Based on the expression cut off value of (>1.5 x background) we detected 22/113 genes present on the array in all samples tested. 16/22 DNA repair genes were concordantly upregulated (> 2 fold above the control values established in pooled control reference). As a defective base pair excision repair (BER) pathway could play a role in the generation of chromosomal breaks, we focused our investigation on enzymes involved in this pathway. Expression array analysis showed that the MPG gene was significantly overexpressed, and we have validated this finding using TaqMan PCR in original samples and additional cohort of patients; 21/37 cases showed significantly elevated MPG transcripts. Overexpression of MPG may be in response to increased alkylation of DNA or may serve as a marker of CpG island methylation. While the latter alternative has been the subject of intense study, increased level of MPG is consistent with the presence of chemically modified bases incorporated into DNA during a toxic insult. Polymerase b (POLB) is a downstream enzyme in BER pathway, and its upregulation could indicate increased activity of this repair mechanism. Consequently, to test the integrity of the BER pathway, we set out to determine POLB expression levels by TaqMan PCR; two distinct subsets of patients (>2 and ≤ 2 fold of the expression in controls) were identified (5/21 and 16/21). While 4/5 vs. 7/16 patients had chromosomal abnormalities in high vs. low POLB group respectively, these patient groups were otherwise clinically indistinguishable. Hence, we devised our next set of experiments that would discern the differences between these patients at a molecular level. Increased POLB would be consistent with the adequate BER activity. Here, we chose to further investigate the consequences of POLB upregulation in order to distinguish whether BER function results in appropriate DNA repair (upregulation of POLB and MPG) or whether it constitutes response to the deficiency of the AP endonuclease (upregulation of MPG and normal or downregulation of POLB) located immediately downstream of MPG. The content of apurinic sites per genome constitutes a suitable parameter to distinguish the aforementioned possibilities. An apurinic site-specific genomic ELISA assay clearly identified patients (6/19) in whom low POLB expression coincided with an elevated number of apurinic sites (>0.50 apurinic sites per 1x10 5 bp). We conclude that such a constellation is reflective of altered function of AP endonuclease or inadequate expression of MPG that could predispose to single and double-stranded breaks, and consequently lead to evolution of abnormal clone.


In this article it is developed and it analyze a computational model based on the concepts of the Fuzzy Logic that it will allow the calculate the value of U...


The morphological features of Apis cerana Fabr.were studied using morphometric methods.Samples of Apis cerana were collected from 17 colonies in 6 locations of the Changbai Mountain.38 standard morphometric characters recommended by RUTTNER et al.(1988) were measured.The data were statistically analyzed by computer.Test showed the honeybees in Changbai Mountain could be subdivided into 3 groups.Compared with the morphological data of Apis cerana of adjacent country as Japan and Korea,they belonged to the same group.Since there were some different ecological zones in Changbai Mountain region,the bees of Apis cerana own rich diversity in color and body size.


Clastic formations are the main reservoir rocks in Indian oil and gas fields. Drilling practices and mud invasion may cause extensive near wellbore formation damage, which can alter the near wellbore formation properties and thus affect the efficiency of formation tester measurements. We showcase two case studies. The first case reveals how the acoustic radial profiling results assisted in assessing the reason behind the dry tests acquired by a wireline formation tester and the loss of rig time; the second case demonstrates how wireline formation testing operations were optimized using the acoustic radial profiling results and thus saving rig time. In this case, the identification of optimal depths for wireline formation tester acquisition was the main challenge. The objective was to optimize the operations of wireline formation tester efficiently by use of the acoustic radial profiling information. The first case study was in a shallow water exploration well in the Western Offshore basin of India. This well has several potentially hydrocarbon bearing zones. A dynamic tester operation was planned for both sampling and pressure tests based only on standard open-hole logs. Unfortunately, most of the points were unsuccessful. Later, acoustic radial scanning results were analyzed using monopole radial profiling information. It was found that most of the dry test points were at depths with high formation damage. However, the few successful pretest depths were devoid of any damage. In the second case from an ultra-deepwater well, acoustic radial profiling analysis was used to optimize the wireline formation tester operations by avoiding zones with formation damage, minimizing dry tests and saving rig time. These two cases proved that acoustic radial profiling results can optimize dynamic tester measurements by avoiding altered/damaged zones; thus, reducing the number of dry tests and saving rig time.


I. Concentric Circle Structure Osaka was known as 'Japan's kitchen' during the Edo period and grew to be a major commercial city, the 'Manchester of the Orient,' after the Meiji era. Seen in its spatial structure, it functioned separately as a commercial city in the city center, and an industrial city in the inner-ring. The concentric circle model, seen in the prototype of Chicago as shown on the left in Fig. 1, is often used as a model to show city spatial structure under capitalist development. Osaka is a city where the Chicago model can be easily adapted. As shown on the right in Fig. 1, the 'historical core' of the central part of the city lies adjacent to a midtown district and it is surrounded concentrically by the inner-ring, where many factory workers and minorities are likely to reside, and where various urban problems appear. An outer-ring surrounds the inner-ring, and serves as an area in which a comparatively large percentage of tertiary sector workers live. They commute to the city center where city planning is well developed. Additionally, the concentric areas outside this outer-ring are positioned as the suburbs, satellite cities or new town areas. The inner-ring is concentrically distributed in the area around and outside the Osaka Loop (Railway) Line, and became built up through land readjustment projects during prewar times, and merged into the Osaka City region in the Great Merger of 1925. The peak population of Osaka City was in 1940 when the population reached 3.25 million and this inner-ring area welcomed the inflows of immigrants and was built up. This area already has more than 60 years of history, and has a differentiated social character from place to place. This inner-ring is characterized by three types of industrial areas. In the Osaka Port area, especially in the north port area of Fukushima and Konohana wards, six famous industrial works sustained the industrial development from prewar times, and in the central and southern bay areas of Taishō ward, small and medium metal and machinery factories were concentrated. In the inland inner-ring, especially in the eastern area of Ikuno, Higashinari, and Jōtō wards, a dense distribution of small subcontractors is mixed with residential districts. On the other hand, also within the Osaka Loop Railway Line, are the heights of the Uemachi plateau, where there are notable residential areas in the higher-class residential districts from prewar times, and the orderly row-housing quarters where the land readjustment project was carried out. Fig. 2 illustrates the distribution of the related vocational indices according to the national census of 2000. The two big concentrations of manual laborers or so-called blue-collar workers are seen in the bay area and eastern and southeastern parts of the city, and members of this vocational group generally live in the surrounding areas, in other words the inner-ring area. When we look at the distribution of career and professional workers, their distribution is limited and concentrated on the Uemachi plateau. On the other hand, the distribution of clerical workers is quite extensive, and rather uniform. Thus white-collar workers are distributed centered around the Uemachi plateau and in the northeast beyond the Yodo River area, and


evaporation on also addresses trade-offs between for future nexus Chapter 5 explored temporal and spatial hotspots of four major crops (wheat, rice, sugarcane, and cotton) for high water and energy use. This study presents the first detailed estimate of irrigation EFs and CFs for the major crops within administrative boundaries (districts) of Pakistan. Earlier studies focused on energy for groundwater pumping covering total irrigated agriculture in the Indus basin in Pakistan. This study identified the main hotspots and crops with relatively large EFs and CFs and the factors causing these large footprints. Important factors in the water-energy-food nexus that determine EFs and CFs for irrigation water in Pakistan show spatial and temporal differences (depending on the growing season) and include: crop types, crop water requirements, fractions of gravity-fed and pumped water, groundwater tables and energy sources for pumping (diesel, electric or solar). In Pakistan, the annual irrigation supply of the four major crops, wheat, rice, sugarcane and cotton, shows an EF of 103 PJ generating a CF of 11 10 9 kg CO 2 , or 6% of the national CF. Most energy is used by diesel pumps that pump shallow groundwater (73%), followed by electric pumps that pump deep groundwater. Energy for surface water pumping is negligible. Wheat needs 31% of total irrigation energy, followed by cotton (27%), sugarcane and rice (21% each). CFs are also dominated by wheat (32%) and cotton (31%), followed by rice and sugarcane (19% of the total each). Chapter 5 indicates the hotspots where efforts can be taken to decrease water consumption, EFs and CFs. This study identified ten hotspot districts for the major crops where 42% of Pakistan's irrigation energy is consumed. Two provinces dominate EFs and CFs for irrigation water, Punjab and Sindh. In Punjab, wheat and cotton are the dominant crops. Addressed hidden links provide understand and in surface water scarcity, and energy demand at the The thesis helps to understand temporal and spatial differences of the water-energy-food nexus from a local to a basin or national level. It provides baseline information for analyzing the bottom-up approach of the water-energy-food nexus at the system level and gives clear policy guidelines.


With the acceleration of urbanization, the phenomenon of urban drinking water pollution is quite obvious. According to China Environmental State Bulletin, the national surface water quality in general is moderately polluted in 2006. In the National Environmental Monitoring Network, the actual monitoring sections of the 745 surface water monitoring sections (the river sections 593, lake and reservoir point positions 152), I ~ ΠΙ class, IV, V class, inferior class V cross-section of the water quality of the respective ratios is 40%, 32% and 28% The major pollution indicators are permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen and oil and so on. While developed countries have reached the international advanced level in drinking water quality standards, issued a series of laws and regulations to improve water quality, planning programs, and has taken a number of the corresponding technical support measures, but in water quality information management and monitoring of early warning still remains more problems. From the quality of drinking water collection, transmission, conversion to store, manage, display, analysis and early warning, we can draw a series of research results to provide a method to effectively solve the water quality control early-warning data upload is not timely, large error, management difficulties, the expression single issues such as the lack of analytical tools, and construct a set of water quality from source to faucet monitoring system, the formation of urban drinking water quality management, analysis, monitoring, early warning and related technology research and development integrated platform for experts providers, governments at all levels of scientific decision making and timely day to day management of technical support to the Chief. Based on water quality monitoring network and a distributed, network-based, multi-source water quality information collection technology, transmission technology, processing technology, visualization technology, GIS technology to conduct scientific research and technology integration, the establishment of national water quality management information on spatio-temporal database and the establishment of national water information management system and visualization platform, lead from a source to monitor the water quality of the whole process to achieve from the central to local full-coverage graded water quality management, water quality at all levels, departments in charge of water supply units in the daily drinking water quality management, scientific decision-making and to provide technical support for emergency warning.


The bovine leptin (LEP) gene was widely used as a candidate gene for molecular selection to improve productivity traits of cattle. This study was carried out to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LEP gene of Sumba Ongole (SO, Bos indicus) cows using sequencing method. A total of 31 animals were used in this study for analyses. Research showed that total of 16 SNPs were detected in the LEP gene. Along 2025 bp of LEP gene sequence was analyzed in this study and consisted of intron 2 (1002 bp) and exon 3 (1023 bp). The polymorphic informative content (PIC) value was reached from 0.06 (low) to 0.37 (moderate). Total of 16 SNPs in LEP gene of SO cattle had moderate PIC value (0.25<PIC<0.50) and consisted of twelve SNPs in intron 2 and four SNPs in exon 3. The SNPs with moderate PIC value were detected in intron 2 (g.2325G/T; g.2423A/C; g.2448C/T; g.2456C/G; g.2466C/T; g.2778T/A; g.2857G/A) and exon 3 (g.3260T/C; g.3272T/C; g.3356C/T; g.3468G/A). The SNP of g.3468G/A as the novel SNP in LEP gene of SO cattle that not reported in other breeds of cattle. This SNP was changed the amino acid from glycine (GGG) to arginine (AGG). Two type of mutation were detected in the LEP gene of SO cattle and consisted of transversions (44%) and transitions (56%). It was concluded that the LEP gene in SO cattle was showed polymorphisme and potential for molecular selection in the breeding program through depth research.


As a power station grows older, records of its underground service facilities, e.g., power lines, telephone lines, piping, etc., become less reliable. To solve this problem at its 14-year old Stuart station, Dayton Power and Light Company turned to a near on-line computerized underground mapping and data printout system. An accurate set of computer-generated underground utility service maps, with accompanying computer tapes and printouts, was generated. The advantages of the computerized mapping system are discussed.


Gender awareness should be included in Chinese education in university,just the same as gender perspective which should also be included in Chinese teaching materials in university.As a result,knowledge of gender awareness should be necessary for Chinese university teachers.In order to clear up gender bias and bring up an advanced concept of gender,we should teach scientific gender awareness among students specifically and establish the scientific concept of development in equality and harmony between male and female using the feminist educational theory flexibly in specific teaching practice.


Calibration is a necessary step in many sensor-based ubicomp applications to prepare a system for operation. Particularly when dealing with sensors for movement-based interaction calibration is required to individualize the system to the person's body. However, calibration is often viewed as a tedious necessity of a purely technical nature. In this paper we argue that calibration can be used as a valuable and informative step for users molding a technology for their own use. We explain this through two case studies that use body sensing technologies to teach physical skills. Our studies show that calibration can be used by teachers and pupils to set goals. We argue that demystifying calibration and designing to expose the intentions of the technology and its functioning can be beneficial for users, allowing them to shape technology to be in tune with their bodies rather than changing their body to fit the technology.


The optimization of devices in distillation columns is very important.It′s time to improve the support devices used in large-scale columns.According to the experience of design and modification of many columns,the structure and performance characteristics of main beams such as steel I-beam,grid beam and truss beam applied in large-scale columns were summarized.The method for intensity analysis was put forward.The merits and demerits between novel main beam and support device and conventional main beam and support device used in structured packing columns,random packing columns and plate columns were compared.Optimum design examples were listed.The recommendation was given: grid beams are used to support packing,steel I-beams are usually applied to support liquid distributors,composite truss beams or spacial network beams are used in large-scale tray columns.


This paper descr ibes an indoor /outdoor an tenna s y s t e m t h a t serves t h e World Trade Center ' s th ree twoway r ad io s t a t ions , s imu l t aneous ly , each on d i f f e r e n t UHF channels . Each s t a t i o n  p r o v i d e s :  a )  b a s e  t o  p o r t ab le or mobi le communica t ions , b ) por tab le to por tab le r epea te r  ope ra t ion  and  c ) one-way paging. The indoor s e c t i o n of the an tenna sys tem cons is t s of many branches of l eaky type an tenna t r ansmiss ion l i ne d i s t r ibu ted v i a c a r e f u l l y s e l e c t e d r u n s t h r o u g h o u t t h e s i x s u b t e r r a n i a n areas each t h e s i z e o f s e v e r a l f o o t b a l l f i e l d s . An assortment  of transmitter combiners,  receiver  combiners and a q u a d r u p l e x e r c o u p l e s t h e s t a t i o n s t o t h e a n t e n n a system.  Branching w a s accomplished  using signal s p l i t ters and  combiners. The ends  of  each  branch were t e rmina ted wi th qua r t e r wave whip antennas mounted on ground planes to maximize signal condi t ions where down l i n e l o s s e s are t h e g r e a t e s t . An outdoor  antenna serves t h e a b o v e t e r r a i n areas o f t h e b u i l d i n g s , t h e plaza, the surrounding s idewalks and s t reets ,


The main objective of medical image processing field is to design computational tools which will assist quantification and visualization of remarkable pathology and anatomical structure. Diabetic retinopathy is a medical disorder where the retina is damaged due to fluids leak from the blood vessels into the retina of human eye. The identification of optic disk in retinal fundus images and quantitative study of the evolution of its shape and size plays an important role in diagnosing different pathologies, and the abnormalities related to the retina of human eye. Most of the abnormalities which are related to optic disc may leads to a structural changes in the inner and the outer area of the optic disc. Optic disc identification and segmentation on the level of the whole retinal image reduces the detection sensitivity for those parts. In this research, an advanced classification based on hierarchical process for the detection and segmentation of optic disc has been proposed. The exact boundary of optic disc is obtained by calculating the region of interest and applying an innovative morphological transformation based adaptive thresholding. The presented technique helps to reduce the process area needed for segmentation techniques leading to a distinguished performance enhancement and reducing the amount of the needed computational cost for each retinal fundus image. The proposed technique has been evaluated on publicly available data sets of retinal images which are DIARETDB1, DRIVE, HRF, DRIONS-DB, IDRiD and STARE, and a remarkable improvement has been found over the existing techniques in terms of accuracy and processing time.


The paper presents an intelligent underwater positioning system for remotely operated vehicle (ROV). We used multi-agents reinforcement learning algorithms based on particle swarm optimization fusing signals from Ultra-Short Baseline (USBL) position sonar and pose sensors, so that the USBL can be accelerated and be in-phase with pose sensors. We proposed the frame work of the hardware of the intelligent navigation system, and the multithreading and modularizing software system. Navigation experiment taken in ship model tank indicated the feasibility of the proposed intelligent navigation system.


The study aimed to detect the antibacterial activity of coriander extract via investigation of six types of bacteria; three gram-positive reference strain were (Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212), whilst three gram-negative reference strains were (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). All bacterial strains were stored in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth with 20% (v/v) glycerol at 280°C. Prior to susceptibility testing, each strain was inoculated on BHI agar to ensure optimal growth and purity plating suitable. Four different concentrations (12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100%) of the oil were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in triplicates using nutrient agar medium. In general, our study revealed that the coriander oil appeared higher influence on the positive gram strain rather than negative gram strain; this might be due to the gram positive strains are more sensitive and potential of hydrophobic essential oils to disrupt the bacterial cell membrane. The results showed that all tested concentrations of coriander oil as antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria; Salmonella typhimurium and Enterococcus fecalis respectively were appeared resistance at the concentrations 12.5%. In addition the concentration 100% inflicted the highest antibacterial activities. The most susceptible bacteria strains was Staphylococcus aureus with highest inhibition zone values (33mm) at concentration 25% and 100% (40mm).


Hyperbaric pressures of 3–100 atmospheres absolute (ATA) have been shown to reduce the color Doppler ultrasound twinkling artifact on ex vivo human kidney stones, leading to the hypothesis that surface crevice microbubbles cause twinkling. Similarly supportive for the crevice bubble hypothesis is the suppression of kidney stone twinkling in animals breathing elevated levels of carbon dioxide. However, it is unclear whether stable microbubbles can exist on the surface of kidney stones in the human body. For the first time, we investigate the effect of hyperbaric pressure on in situ human kidney stones to determine whether stable microbubbles exist as measured by the color Doppler ultrasound twinkling artifact.


Variation in fruit set, seed/ovule ratio and mean single-seed weight among plants, and within plants among inflorescences, was investigated in a population of Salvia verbenaca in northwest Spain. Mean single-seed weight varied significantly among plants which flowered at about the same time and mean single-seed weight was significantly greater for plants that flowered late in the season than for plants flowering early in the season. Within individual plants, mean single-seed weight increased steadily between the earlier opening basal inflorescences and the later opening upper inflorescences. However, neither fruit set nor seed/ovule ratio varied significantly among inflorescences. Previous work on this population indicates that outcrossing improves mean single-seed weight, so I suggest that the observed pattern of among-inflorescence variation in mean single-seed weight may be attributable to a gradual increase in nonself pollen receipt as the flowering season progresses.


Objective:Observe the effects of Jinmaitong capsule on reducing the expression of AGEs and its receptor in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats' sciatic nerve.Methods:Production of STZ diabetic rats were randomly divided into model group,a small dose,middle dose,high dose of Jinmaitong group and normal control group.The small,medium and large dose of Jinmaitong groups were adult dose by 5 times,10 times and 20 times the dose;Model group and normal group was fed distilled water.Detected before treatment and after treatment 4w,8w,12w and 16w of body weight and blood glucose,using Immunohistochemical determination of AGEs and their receptors in sciatic nerve.Results:STZ-DM rats's blood glucose,weight and the MSPT were significantly different form the normal group(P0.01);but the model group showed no significant difference;Comparison with the normal group,DM group's AGEs and RAGE IOD accumulated significantly higher(P0.01),the treatment group was decreased than the DM group.Compared with DM group,the Jin Mai Tong group through the middle dose group was significantly lower,there were significant differences(P0.01).Conclusion:Jinmaitong capsule treatment can improve the pathological form of the sciatic nerve,lower the expression of AGEs and its receptor in DM rat sciatic nerve.


Experience of unemployment is known to predict poorer future success in the labour market. It is less well known how much this depends on the characteristics of the local social environment. This paper builds on the supposition that the unemployment rate in the neighbourhood modifies the social processes linking personal unemployment to later labour market outcomes. Data from the Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland during and after a deep recession in the 1990s are used to analyse the effect of personal unemployment on later earnings by neighbourhood unemployment rate. Results indicate that the neighbourhood unemployment rate modifies the effect of personal unemployment: a higher neighbourhood unemployment rate predicts lower later earnings, especially for males. A similar effect is not found in the case of employed residents.


The collapse of the PB parts of the 31P n.m.r. spectra of α-P4S3(14NCS)2(1a), α-P4S3(14NCS)I (2a), and α-P4S3(14NCS)Cl (3a) at room temperature is due to 14N relaxation effects rather than to chemical exchange, as shown by analysis of the spectra of the corresponding 15N isotopomers (1b), (2b), and (3b), which show very large 1JPN coupling constants.


Regarding the Agenda 2000 of the EU and possible outcomes of a trade liberalisation with the MERCOSUR in the beef sector different scenarios were analysed: The first one focuses on the effects of the implementation of the Agenda 2000 on trade flows. The second and third scenario focus on different bilateral liberalisation paths. The scenario analysis is conducted with an extended version of the general equilibrium model GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project). The results indicate that the implementation of the Agenda 2000 mainly leads to an EU internal adjustment while its positive welfare effects on the rest of the world are quite disperse. Regarding the simulation results achieved by the Trade Agreement scenarios corroborate the well known sensitivity of agricultural trade. The most prominent effects of the Trade Agreement with the EU are likely to arise in the meat sector, specially beef.


In this work, a LOcation based RAN resource Management and Access (LOMA) map is designed for future radio access networks (RAN) to allocate radio resources in complex wireless environment, and to facilitate uplink/downlink data transmissions. Enabled by the AI and high-precise positioning techniques, the LOMA map can associate a set of radio resources and data transmission parameters (e.g, transmit power, MCS level) with a geographical location in the RAN area. Given the LOMA map, each user equipment (UE) or infrastructure associated with the RAN can directly determine the radio resources and parameters used for uplink/downlink data transmissions according to its location. An AI enabled LOMA map generation method are proposed to generate LOMA maps according to the statistical traffic and wireless environment data collected by UEs and infrastructures. A reinforcement learning (RL) based algorithm is further proposed in the LOMA map generation method to dynamically quantify the available radio resources according to the real-time data traffic and the performance of applied resource scheduling scheme. Case studies with numerical results are presented to show the benefits provided by LOMA map technique in terms of increasing resource sharing efficiency, reducing signal overheads in data transmissions, and enabling resource scheduling schemes with less computing cost.


The UK market for fire detection equipment is fairly unrestricted when compared with others in Europe. The paper explains how this is likely to change as European legislation is implemented.


The paper presents the design of high resolution TI (Time-Interval) generator implemented into FPGA (Field-Programmable-Gate-Arrays) device, their construction and experimental test results. The resolution improvement is guaranteed by a chain of digitally-controlled delay-elements. Presented TI generator posses two modes of operation. The first mode allows for precise time-interval generation. In the second mode TIs of specified Gaussian distribution may be generated.


A meta-analysis of all reported cases of the use of PDT for choroidal metastases shows the treatment effective at controlling tumors and preserving vision in patients with small choroidal metastases, despite its minimal time commitment and good safety profile. Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of choroidal metastasis. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of all reported cases of choroidal metastases treated with PDT in literature, and included the cases from our institution, for a comprehensive meta-analysis. Results: We identified 52 tumors in 40 eyes of 34 patients. The mean age was 60 years (range 28–77). The mean tumor thickness was 1.9 mm (range 0–4.8 mm), whereas the mean largest basal diameter was 8.2 mm (range 1.5–30 mm) on presentation. After an average of 1.4 treatment visit, PDT resulted in decreased tumor thickness (mean 1.9 mm before vs. 1.0 mm after PDT, P < 0.0001) and decreased central macular thickness (mean 454 µm before vs. 289 µm after PDT, P = 0.03). After PDT, 82% of tumors had reduced thickness, and subretinal fluid resolved in 75% of eyes. Photodynamic therapy also resulted in stable or improved vision in 78% of treated eyes (logMAR 0.50 before vs. 0.56 after PDT, P = 0.54). No adverse events were reported, and PDT was effective in treating the most common choroidal metastases (tumor control rate of 94% in 16 lung adenocarcinoma and 92% in 26 breast carcinoma metastasis cases). Conclusion: Photodynamic therapy is effective at controlling tumors and preserving vision in patients with some choroidal metastases. Because of its minimal time commitment and good safety profile, PDT should be considered as a potential first-line treatment for small choroidal metastases.


The influence of inter-pulse delay times (0–20 ns) between two collinear sequential nanosecond pulses on the production and size properties (mean size and size distribution) of colloidal nanoparticles prepared by pulsed laser ablation of a silver target in a distilled water medium has been studied. Various laser fluences at different inter-pulse delay times between two collinear pulses were used. Furthermore, for a better understanding of the effect of the double-pulse and single-pulse mode, experiments were performed. The characterization of the synthesized colloidal nanoparticles was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. Our results showed that 5 ns time-delayed double-pulse laser ablation results in the production of nanoparticles with the highest concentration among the other time-delayed ablation experiments and even more than single-pulse-mode experiments. It also found that using a double-pulse approach with inter-pulse delay times in the range of 0–20 ns leads to the production of nanoparticles with smaller mean sizes and narrower size distributions in comparison to single-pulse-mode laser ablation. The effect of time overlapping between two pulses in the case of double-pulse ablation was analyzed.


A hybrid laser scheme in which parametrically generated, carrier to envelope phase stable, mid-IR pulses with picojoule energies are amplified by three orders of magnitude in a Cr:ZnSe laser amplifier is presented.


In the title compound, C21H18FN3O5·H2O, the cyclohexene ring exhibits a distorted chair conformation. The crystal packing is stabilized by intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.


The concept of self is an important part of a person's cultural identity in behaving in society. The concept of self as a cultural identity covers a person's specific things about the views, judgments and cultural beliefs owned. For teens, having a positive self-concept is a must-have, especially as a cultural identity that is owned and proud of. The concept of adolescent self as cultural identity is the main step to determine who I am ?, what should I do ?, and what should I be ?, such questions are a problem that generally occurs in every teenager, by understanding positive cultural identity, it is expected that adolescents can determine good social behavior in the community.


At the turning of the century, the teaching situation of Chinese ancient literature is not optimistic. The way out of the predicament is to persist on teaching reform in ancient literature: to emphasize the teaching purpose, to change view of teaching, to change the teaching contents, to adjust the curriculum, to set up "teaching style", to establish teaching methodology system. Recreatativeness should be used to get rid of the old ideas and copy of teaching in ancient literature so as to build new and modern ancient literature course.


IN Guizhou, two words are writ large across the period from 2011 to 2015 under the 12th Five-year Plan–industrialization and urbanization.Though they might seem like relatively simple goals elsewhere, the rough and hilly terrain of the province and its pervasive poverty complicate matters.


Coenzyme and six derivatives of coenzyme Qn were synthesized and tested for their inhibitory effects on melanogenesis occurred in murine melanoma (B16/F1) cells and on collagenase/elastase activities as well. As the result, synthetic coenzyme Qn showed a potent inhibitory effect on melanin formation, collagenase and elastase activities in all tested concentrations. Among these synthetic compounds, coenzyme and coenzyme potentially inhibited melanin formation and elastase activity when compared to other coenzyme Qn derivatives. For the collagenase activities, all coenzyme Qn derivatives inhibited 80-85% of controls. As compared, coenzyme Qn derivatives exhibited strong inhibitory activities with the decrease of isoprenoid unit number of coenzyme Qn derivatives except for collagenase activity. For the inhibition of collagenase activity, moiety of benzoquinone might be considered as the active functional group. Taken together, coenzyme and coenzyme might be used for functional cosmetics.


distributed service management, client-server systems, automated end-to-end diagnostics, model-based reasoning, MBR, network printing, artificial intelligence Modern applications increasingly depend on services that are distributed across the infrastructure, for example, printing, mail and database services. This is especially so in mobile computing, where network access is used to compensate for the paucity of onboard resources. However, the increased dependence on distributed services poses a challenge to IT departments whose personnel and tools typically focus on individual components of the distributed service. This calls for IT management tools that have an end-to-end perspective on entire distributed services.


The objective of this paper is to analyse and modelling the volatility of Colombo Consumer Price Index (CCPI) in Sri Lanka using monthly data from January 2008 to April 2014. Three types of GARCH models (GARCH, TGARCH and EGARCH) were used for this study. Using various specifications for mean equation, study estimated GARCH (1, 1), TGARCH (1, 1) and EGARCH (1, 1) for CCPI. The estimation results reveal that ARMA (1, 0) EGARCH (1, 1) comes out to be most appropriate specification for modelling CCPI volatility. The study finds that, no evidence of symmetry in the response of CCPI volatility to negative and positive shocks.


Gatun Lake and environs embraces about 650 square miles, in which the oldest rocks are closely jointed, folded, and partly metamorphosed pre-Tertiary Basement Complex. Over this old rock mass in the lower areas lies a Tertiary sequence of sedimentary, igneous, and pyroclastic rocks ranging from Eocene to late Upper Miocene. Quaternary deposits of unconsolidated sediments ranging from Pleistocene to Recent fill broad drowned areas and principal river valleys, locally to at least 300 feet below sea level. All sedimentary formations are fossiliferous. On a stratagraphic and lithologic basis, the following general correlation is made with other formations outside the lake area. An exposure in an excavation at Gatun permitted more detailed stratigraphic and lithologic examination than was possible anywhere else in the area. Here a section of the Gatun formation 546 feet thick consists of marly, tuffaceous, highly fossiliferous sediments laid down in a shallow sea. At least three minor depositional cycles are represented. Remote areas adjoining the Gatun Lake area contain previously mapped little-known formations. Among these are: (1) The Eocene Tranquilla (Gatuncillo) formation. Discovery of its extension into the Gatun Lake area is the first record of Eocene sedimentary rock in the Canal Zone. (2) The Oligocene-Lower Miocene Quebrancha formation, considered to be stratigraphically equivalent to the Caimito formation. (3) The Lower Miocene Alhajuela member of the Caimito formation, which is the Gatun (?) formation of Reeves and Ross9 Madden Dam Report. (4) The Middle Miocene (?) Sabanitas formation, which is probably a continental and shallow-water facies of the lower Gatun formation. The structure of this area is dominated by fractures, a few of uncertain nature but most believed or known to be faults. The greatest faults have a large normal throw. Numerous small faults apparently associated with Tertiary volcanic eruptions have a large strike-slip. The fracture pattern of the Gatun Lake Area, believed representative of the entire central Panamanian Isthmus, fits the view that the Panama Isthmus Ridge is a wide upwarp between the Caribbean and the Ecuador seas, possibly dating from the orogenic epoch of Senonian time. The topography of the North Pacific Ocean and adjacent northwestern South America contrasts greatly with that of the Isthmus and the Caribbean Sea beyond, as if the southwestern rim of the Caribbean Basin (southern Isthmian continental slope and the line of its eastward extension) constituted a buttress against Cenozoic compressive force from the southwest and had been fractured and faulted by the force of the compression. The Gatun Lake area is a physiographic basin flanked by high hills on the east and west and by low ones on the south. The highest hills rising over large areas to more than 1000 feet elevation are formed by pre-Tertiary Basement Complex. The main low part of the area is developed from Tertiary and Quaternary material and may be classified as: Swamp and lowland areas up to 25 feet A.T. Interlowland areas up to 300 feet A.T. (500 feet A.T. at extreme points). Dissected highland up to 700 feet A.T. Hills region up to 1100 feet A.T. The history of the area is recorded in four sets of sediments separated by three major unconformities. The first set of sediments, those incorporated in the Basement Complex, is too folded, broken, and crushed to decipher. The second set, those of Upper Eocene through Lower Miocene, is moderately faulted and folded. The third set of sediments is the Middle Miocene and Upper Miocene (?) coastal plain beds which reveal a simple history that could be easily worked out in greater detail. The youngest set is composed of the Pleistocene and Recent unconsolidated sediments which are so young their short history is that of slight uplift. The general faunal aspect at some of the rare fossil localities proved a welcome basis for distinguishing Upper Eocene, Oligocene, Lower, Middle, and Upper Miocene, and Quaternary deposits. A system of sedimentary rock terminology suitable for use in geological mapping in this area of pyroclastic, clastic, and chemical sedimentary rocks is described and used throughout the paper.


The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and market orientation and the enterprise performance with regard to the mediating role of customer participation in Mammut industrial group in Tehran. This research is descriptive survey in terms of method and in terms of collecting data it is correlational and in terms of research objective it is applied. This research consisted of 7 hypotheses and the questionnaire was used for data collection. the reliability coefficient for the questionnaires was reliable. The statistical population of this research consisted of all managers and supervisors working in Mammut Industrial Group in Tehran, whose number was 120 people. One-hundred and five persons were selected as the sample of the study who were selected by the stratified random sampling. According to the KMO and Bartlett test, the research data were sufficient and for this purpose, the factor analysis technique and structural equation-modeling test were used to investigate the research hypotheses and PLS software was utilized. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between the entrepreneurial attitude and customer participation and the enterprise performance. There is a significant relationship between the market orientation and customer participation and the enterprise performance. There is also a significant relationship between the customer participation and the enterprise performance. Therefore, it is possible to understand the role of customer participation in the relationships under study.


Cardiorespiratory responses induced by upright tilt before and after intermittent hypoxia during head-down tilt, were investigated in rabbits. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, transmural filling pressure of the heart (calculated as the product of esophageal and central venous pressure), breathing frequency, esophageal pressure were measured in supine (baseline), head-down and upright posture. Our results indicate a reduction in orthostatic responses in cardiovascular system after intermittent hypoxia.


Each of the three main types abounds in anatomic situations where its distinctive structure appears physiologically appropriate: the desmosome, where resistance to mechanical stress is important; the tight junction, where a sharp physical separation is required between two compartments; and the gap junction, where a need for separation is accompanied by a need for intercellular, intercytoplasmic communication.


Natural disaster mitigation, maritime accident response (e.g. oil spills such as the Prestige in Spain), maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) operations, and protecting the public during Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) outbreaks all share the common need: decision makers responsible for managing the incident require available reliable information, particularly observations of ocean and coastal conditions. Examples for SAR, oil spill response, port operations and HAB forecasting are explored to identify key aspects of observational systems. Design of an observational network should consider these end-user needs:  Metadata Standards  Assimilation-friendly data delivery  Model validation usage  Interoperability with Geographic Information


This study was focused on investigating the effect of solidarity financing on entrepreneurial activities in the North West and South West regions of Cameroon. The mission of solidarity finance is to use non-conventional financial tools to achieve sustainable and equitable development beside social integration. Its implications are seen in entrepreneurial performance measured by increase business revenue, profit, sales and societal contribution. The paper examines if entrepreneurs who adopt solidarity financing performed better than those who do not use it in the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon. To achieve the objectives of the study, data was collected through survey questionnaire from a sample of 330 respondents and was analyzed using two stage Heckman selection model in order to correct the selection bias and yield unbiased estimates. The results showed that socio-economic factors of accessibility, cultural ties, marital status, age, residence, qualification, development perception services had positive and statistically significant effects on entrepreneurial performance. The coefficient of the inverse Mills ratio from Heckman result was statistically significant at 5%. These results provide evidence that the unobserved factors which lead to an increased probability of usage of solidarity financing have a positive impact on entrepreneurial growth. The government should therefore design policies for the formalization of the solidarity financing market.


This paper points that virtual enterprise is an organic layered system and a senior shape in the way of enterprise's evolution. By analyzing the complexity of organization environment and borrowing ideas from research on life science, it provides a new biology like model of virtual enterprise with learning self organizing functions.


Sulfide-bearing anoxic sediments are found in coastal regions around the world including Australia and the Baltic. Upon lowering of the groundwater by drainage, they are oxidized and form acid sulfate soils (pH < 4) that mobilize plenty of potentially toxic metals into watercourses with serious environmental consequences. Being highly valued for their excellent crop yields, there is an urgent need to find management solutions that minimize the oxidation. In this study, possibilities to manage the groundwater with controlled subsurface drainage (CD) and subsurface irrigation (CDI), which included a vertical plastic sheet to prevent by-pass flow into the main drain, was examined on a Boreal farmland in Western Finland. During a 3-year study, the groundwater in the reference field (Ref) with conventional subsurface drainage pipes at 1.1–1.4 m depth typically dropped down to almost 2 m in the end of summers (September) due to evapotranspiration exceeding precipitation. CD delayed the groundwater drop, shortening the time of oxidation. In CDI system, the groundwater could be kept at c. 1 m or shallower throughout the summers, thereby preventing oxidation of critical sulfide horizons in the lower subsoil. Differences in total discharge and soil geochemistry features were small during the course of the study period. Salt accumulation seemed to be a small risk for crop growth but the capillary rise of acidity to the surface horizon may be increased in CDI, possibly increasing the need for surface liming. A "floating groundwater antenna," indicating groundwater fluctuations, proved to be an easy and reliable tool to farmers for proper management of controlled drainage.


The dynamic nature of work underscores the necessity of reassessing the effect of job design by considering the role of employee proactive behaviour and distinct work contexts. This study identifies creativity as a critical proactive behaviour that differentially explains the effect of job complexity on task performance across varying levels of growth need strength (GNS), supervisor support for creativity (SSC), and task interdependence. Our analysis supports the mediating role of creativity in the relationship between job complexity and task performance. The tests of conditional indirect effects show that the moderating role of GNS is positive only when task interdependence is low. By contrast, SSC positively moderates the effect of job complexity only when task interdependence is high. These findings suggest the necessity of considering task interdependence in applying job design theory to explain the proactive behaviour and task performance of employees in emerging forms of work.


Spiders of the large theridiid genus Argyrodes, whose natural history was reviewed by Exline and Levi (1962), seem to have generally abandoned the usual theridiid habit of spinning webs to capture insect prey. A few spin their own webs, but more often they live in the webs of other, larger web-building spiders where they remove prey from the host's web (e.g. Kullmann 1959, Vollrath 1978). The apparently kleptoparasitic species A. trigonum .(trigonum species group) actually preys on its hosts on occasion. Argyrodes species in the Rhomphaea group have also been found feeding on web spiders, but some in circumstances which suggest a strict predator-prey relationship rather than kleptoparasitism. Exline and Levi (1962) note two observations of A. (R.)fictilium preying on web weavers although fictilium "often make small theridiid webs of their own". I have found an A. (R.)projiciens (O.P. Camb.) feeding on a Metazygia sp. which leaves its web up only during the night, thus making kleptoparasitism unlikely; the state of the prey's web indicated that it was attacked as it was building its web early in the evening. I have also seen an unidentified species feeding on an Araneus (?) sp., a species which leaves its web up only two to three hours in the early evening and then removes it completely. Clyne (1979) showed that a species from the Ariamnes group, Argyrodes colubrinus, uses still another tactic. These spiders also specialize on spider prey, but attack ballooning mature male spiders which walk onto their webs of long, non-sticky threads. Roberts (1952) notes that A. (A.)flagellum also spins a web consisting of only a few long, very fine theads; perhaps mistakenly he states that the lines are sticky.


A vacuum-ultraviolet radiation source based on an electron cyclotron resonance plasma was developed. Electron cyclotron resonance light source assembly (ELISA) is a 10 GHz monomode source of compact design featuring a tunable cavity and permanent magnets which can be axially positioned. The radiation emission of the source can be detected simultaneously in the vacuum-ultraviolet spectral range via a toroidal grating monochromator and in the x-ray spectral range via a Si(Li) detector. Spectroscopic investigations of a krypton and a neon plasma in the 9–27 nm spectral range show that ELISA produces complex line spectra of highly ionized atoms by applying only 12 W microwave power.


Map of facilities in Manchester. Facility types include waste disposal, chemical manufacturing and storage, shipping, metal manufacturing and recycling, shipbuilding and repair, petroleum processing and storage, and industrial supplies. A diamond icon indicates that 7 of the 19 facilities are required to report potential or actual hazardous releases to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.


Objective To evaluate levels of adiponectin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods Clinical and laboratory data were collected in 60 patients with an ultrasound diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver who had no diabetes mellitus and 40 matched population controls. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, adiponectin and lipid profile were measured. The index of insulin resistance(IRI) was calculated according to the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) method. Results Serum adiponectin levels were statistically significantly lower in patients with NAFLD than in control group [(8.04±3.20) μg/ml vs (12.53±8.50) μg/ml, P0.001]. A statistically significant correlation was found between adiponectin and BMI, Waist,AST,ALT,GGT, TG and HOMA-IRI.BMI,HOMA-IRI were independent predictors of the adiponectin levels.Conclusion There is a low levels of adiponectin in the nonalcoholic fatty liver. Adiponectin plays an important role in the insulin resistance and the atherosclerosis of the nonalcoholic fatty liver.


Responding to Farhad Dalal's question 'one group analysis or many?' the author looks at contextual factors of working with groups, claiming that group therapists are different in different groups and adjusting to setting variables. He describes aspects of the 'Goettingen Model of Group Psychotherapy'. This model offers variability in conducting groups within one theoretical concept. Different scientific approaches are integrated in order to adjust to different patients and settings. Many aspects (e.g. a marked intersubjective approach and working with an 'responsive' mode ('antwortender modus') are close to Dalal's thinking. In contrast to Dalal, however, empirical evidence and evidence based therapies are seen as valuable parts of group psychotherapies and group analysis. Within this conceptual frame, working in and with groups is both—one group analysis and many.


To clarify the influencing mechanism of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) internal curing agent on the carbonation resistance of cement concrete, accelerated carbonation experiment was conducted to explore the effect of particle size and dosage of SAP on carbonation depth. The hydration performance of internally cured concrete at different ages was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test and X-ray diffraction (XRD) test. Combined with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) test, the hydration filling effect of internal curing on the microstructure of concrete was analyzed; meanwhile, the influence mechanism of SAP on carbonation resistance was revealed. The results showed that (i) when the particle size and dosage of SAP were 100 mesh and 0.200%, the carbonation depth of internally cured concrete was only 56.5% of the control group on day 28; (ii) the Ca(OH)2 absorption peak area of SAP-concrete in the FTIR spectra could be increased by 3.38 times than that of the control group, and more C2S and C3S were translated into Ca(OH)2, which helped to improve the hydration degree of cement concrete; (iii) the hydration products of day 56 were increased significantly and the remaining pores formed by SAP gels were gradually filled by hydration products, which enhanced the compactness and carbonation resistance of cement concrete.


A calix[4]pyrrole tetrahydrazide functionalized silver nanoparticles (CPTPH-AgNPs) coupled with colorimetric findings were prepared. In the variety of essential amino acids, it detected the L-Histidine exclusively with an LOD of 6.1 μM and LOQ of 18.5 μM. The CPTPH-AgNPs were exhibited the SPR spectrum at 408nm, which further characterized with TEM, EDEX and SAED in that they show the monodispersed spherical morphology of AgNPs with 13±2nm size. The antimicrobial potential of CPTPH-AgNPs towards Gram-positive bacterial-Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Gram-negative bacteria-Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi-Aspergillus niger was evaluated.; in which it is found to give reasonable response comparable to standard antibiotic drugs.


Androschchuk, F. 2003. The Hvoshcheva sword. An example of contacts between Britain and Seandinavia in the Late Viking Period. (Hvoshcheva-svardet. Ett exempel pa kontakter mellan England och Skandinavien under sen vikingatid.) Fornvannen 98. Stockholm. This paper concerns a sword from the Late Viking Period found near Hvoshcheva village in the Ukraine. It is a common view that this sword is a specimen of local production reflecling manifold cultural and technical influences: West Euro pean (technique of inscription), Scandinavian (decoration) and local (Cyrillic letters and shape of the pommel). The author suggests that the decoration on lhe guards of the sword is common for specimens decorated in the Ringerike style, while the palmetto motif of the grip is a characteristic feature of Irish art in the late 1 ith and early i2di centuries. Similar decoration is found on the grave slab from St. Paufs Cathedral in London, a weather vane from Heggen church in Norway and a bronze crucifix from Clonmacnoise in Ireland. It is stressed that the sword hilt from Hvoshcheva is made in the same way as that of the sword from Dyback in Scania, formerly a part of Denmark. However, the type of the Hvoshcheva sword corresponds with late specimens of Late Anglo-Saxons swords (Petersen type L). The condusion is that the hilt of the sword from Ukraine was produced in a Danish context in Britain or in a part of presenl-day Sweden influenced by Denmark.


With the advent of omnimedia age and new forms of media emerging all the time,the media are undergoing unprecedented changes.No media intend to fall behind in the pursuit of efficient allocation of resources by converging with other media.Therefore,media convergence has apparently become the central motif of the media revolution.Campus media,an efficient way to carry out ideological and political education and to guide public opinion on campus,should adapt to the new circumstances.Effective actions should be taken to enrich media contents and make full use of a wide variety of campus media resources in an attempt to build new campus media structure.


This study intends to determine in which fields the training inspectors shall need the in-service training and what extent these requirements shall be met and reveal any advices of the inspectors on elimination of any deficiencies. The study is a qualitative and descriptive study in screening models. The data were collected using semi-structured interview 24 education inspectors. Analysis of the obtained data is conducted by inductive content analysis method. According to the findings of the study, the training inspectors disqualify themselves mostly on 'investigation,'


The invention discloses a disposable stitch-removing needle, which comprises a needle and a needle handle; the needle comprises a needle point, a needle body and a needle tail; the needle point is provided with an edge; the needle handle is fixed at the needle tail. Thus the disposable stitch-removing needle is structurally simple, is convenient to use, can effectively increase the success rate of stitch removal, and decreases the pain of a patient during stitch removal.


Monitoring the development and achievement of deaf children and young people is at the forefront of educators' minds, as results obtained from such monitoring can be instrumental in determining not only the progress but also the type and amount of support that may be offered. The five papers in this issue of Deafness and Education International have a common theme of assessment. The first three papers concern aspects of early development and intervention for deaf children. The first paper, by Oktapoti, Okalidou, Kyriafinis, Petinou, Vital and Herman, investigates the use of a parent report tool to measure vocabulary development in deaf Greek-speaking children aged between 21 and 71 months with cochlear implants. Parents were found to be reliable reporters and a positive correlation was found between vocabulary level and post-implant age. The next paper, by Choo and Dettman, looks at the role of clinicians in identifying particular communicative strategies that mothers of deaf children were using following early intervention. More experienced clinicians were found to be better at identifying these characteristics than those with less experience, which has implications for reporting findings. The third paper, by Poon and Simmons, considered whether early intervention data that had been routinely collected for deaf and hard of hearing children could be used for monitoring purposes. Whilst this might seem to be a useful strategy to follow, they found that there were limitations as well as strengths in this approach. The fourth paper, by Al-Zboon, also relates to young deaf children and considers the views of teachers of kindergarten children in Jordan on an appropriate curriculum for young deaf children. These teachers reported that they used resources from many sources and highlighted the need to include some topics that were specific to deaf children, e.g. finger-spelling. Finally, a paper by Hendar and O'Neill presents two large-scale studies on the achievement of deaf pupils, one from Sweden and the other from Scotland. They found similar results from each country, with both showing that deaf children still lag behind their hearing peers and the discussion highlights the need for different support for deaf pupils in each country than theyare currentlyoffered.


Abstract The chronology of the understanding and discovery of the magnetoelectric effect is recalled. The specific features of the Landau Dzialoshinskii approach to magnetic phase transitions are stressed, and the approach is used to describe the magnetoelectric effect in two examples of magnetoelectric crystals, Cr2O3 and Ni3B7O13I. It is shown that in these two compounds, the magnetoelectric effect is taken into account by a trilinear invariant of the form LMP, which has respectively a relativistic and exchange origin. A magnetoelectric effect is predicted in two dimensional superconducting phases for which the transition mechanism is induced by a d or p pairing of the electrons.


OBJECTIVE:To promote rational use of drugs.METHODS:The adverse psychotic reactions induced by gluco-corticoid in 220 SARS patients were retrospectively analysed concerning the incidence rate,clinical manifestations and relevant factors.RESULTS:The psychotic adverse reactions occurred in 28 of 220 SARS patients(12.73%) .Patients'age and sex had no effect on the incidence rate of psychotic reactions(P 0.05) .While dose( 80mg, P0.01) and treatment duration( 7 days, P0.01) of glucocorticoid raised the incidence rate .Combined therapy with antibiotic,anti - viral or anti - fungal drugs had no significant difference in incidence rate(P 0.05) .The immunopotentiators could increase the morbidity of psychotic reactions .CONCLUSION: Overdose and long - course of glucocorticoid therapy may increase the morbidity of the psychotic adverse effects.


Disclosed polymorphic forms of 3- (4-amino-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl) -piperidine-2,6-dione. The present invention further polymorphic forms, methods of making the polymorphic forms and their use.


The invention relates to a two-component adhesive based on polyurethane having a high adhesive strength, a high glass transition temperature, a low cure time and a sufficiently long processing time, and also capable of bonding substrates with uneven surfaces. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the two-component adhesive for the bonding of fiber elements, such as wing half-shells of rotor blades for wind turbines.


This special edition explores and analyses the complexities and possibilities of social enterprise and social innovation. While these related concepts have been subject to considerable research, policy and practitioner attention, detailed empirical studies of the processes involved, the impact of social enterprises, the effects of social innovations and the motivations of social entrepreneurs, and those with whom they partner, are rare. The articles which follow present fresh evidence to provide contemporary insights into: the role of risk in shaping the effectiveness of social enterprises; the mediating function of not-for-profit organisations in the process of social innovation; the relevance of local embeddedness and sociocultural context; and the practice of social entrepreneurship within fluctuating and difficult environmental circumstances. These articles provide convincing examinations of and insights into social enterprise and social innovation which, at times, challenge dominant state within the 'mainstream' entrepreneurship discourse. Individually, they offer recommendations for future research and collectively, identify a research agenda for developing knowledge about social entrepreneurship and social innovation.


We study a sequence, c, which encodes the lengths of blocks in the T h u e M o r s e sequence. In particular, we show tha t the generat ing function for c is a simple product.


The auxetic structures are structures with negative Poisson ratio that behave under tension or compression as opposed to ordinary materials. Due to the unique mechanical properties, such as increasing the resistance against collision and different formation capability, extensive research is ongoing. In this research, using finite element modeling, simulation of various geometrical parameters of auxetic cell structures have been studied. Verification of the results is done by experimental tests of the model made by 3D printing technology. By introducing different measurement methods such as image processing, the modeling results are compared with experimental tests that show high accuracy results. In this analysis, the effect of the angle between the cell components, unit cell dimensions, thickness, and density of cells are investigated. In addition, new designs to improve the performance of the auxetic structure such as the use of different thicknesses are studied. Auxetic structures are part of advanced structures such as composites and biomaterials with diverse properties and applications in various fields such as military, medical, textile, and aerospace industries. Auxetic applications are excellent in absorbing impact force as bulletproof vests and similar equipment, high strength to weight in lightweight sandwich panels, and in tissue engineering like stent application.


depression symptoms are well-known co-occurring diseases. A person's ability to do everyday things can be affected by depressed symptoms and DM. Objectives: To find the level of depression symptoms among type 2 diabetics, observe the socio-demographic & disease-related agents that cause depression. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to assess depression in 200 people suffering from type 2 diabetes and 120 healthy participants as a control group. Patients scoring 5 or more were termed depressed. Each participant's verbal informed consent was obtained before the interview. On the questionnaires, no names were written. Depression was correlated with demographic and patient-related disease characteristics using Spearman's rho correlation. Results: The severe, moderate, and mild depression rates were 7.5, 56, and 29%, respectively and 92.5% of diabetics had depressed symptoms. Among the control group, absences of depressed symptoms and mild depressed symptoms were more common. Diabetics had moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression are all more common than mild depression symptoms. Diabetic patients' median PHQ-9 score (10) was significantly higher than the control group's 8. Conclusion: Depression is common among diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. Glycemic control is poor & obesity have an impact on it. Endocrinologists should be aware of the elevated risk of depression in this patient population


A survey was conducted to assess vermicomposting as a waste management technology and a livelihood technology. The surveyed twenty-four (24) vermicomposting adoptors consist mostly of middle to upper class farmer entrepreneurs. They have innovated the technology in order to optimize the performance of their systems and make use of their available resources. In terms of economic viability, the technology was proven to be a good source of income aside from the various benefits which can be derived from its various products. Aside from the economic gains, savings were also derived by using the product itself and its derivatives. The social impact for most of the adoptors is not yet realized since small scale and newly initiated vermi projects did not entail much labor workforce in its operation and maintenance. Only the large scale vermi facilities demonstrated the positive social influence of the technology. For the environmental impacts, the technology has the potential to affect water, air and land resources positively. Some possible impacts include organic waste management, air pollution reduction and reduction in the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to some extent.  However, extensive adoption especially in urban areas is necessary in order to address its solid waste problems.


Jerusalem artichoke is widely known for its inulin-enriched tubers. Recently the opportunity has been arisen to involve the whole plant in biorefinery concept due to its high lignocellulose biomass and tuber production. This paper focuses on the repeatedly harvestable green biomass of Jerusalem artichoke. Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization/Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS) was applied to identify the phytochemicals in Jerusalem artichoke leaf protein concentrate (JAPC) thermally extracted from green biomass of three clones, i.e., Alba, Fuseau and Kalevala. Amino acid and fatty acid profiles as well as yield of JAPC were also analyzed. The UHPLC-ESI-MS analyses showed that no toxic phytochemicals were identified in JAPC. The results revealed, also, that JAPC is not only essential-amino acids-rich but also contains substantial amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (66-68%) such as linolenic and linoleic acids. Linolenic acid represented 39-43% of total lipid content; moreover, the ratio between ω-6 and ω-3 essential fatty acids in JAPC was ∼0.6: 1. Using UHPLC-ESI-MS, the following hydroxylated methoxyflavones were for the first time identified in JAPC, i.e., dimethoxy-tetrahydroxyflavone, dihydroxy-methoxyflavone, hymenoxin and nevadensin. These compounds are medically important since they are referred to as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidants. Also, liquiritigenin - estrogenic-like compound - was identified in JAPC alongside the following terpenes, i,e., loliolide and dihydroactinidiolide. However, no remarkable differences of phytochemicals, fatty acids and amino acids composition were seen among Jerusalem artichoke clones. The green biomass of tested clones ranged between 5 to 5.6 kg m-2 and JAPC yield varied from 28.6 to 31.2 g DM kg-1 green biomass with total protein content, on average, of 33.3%. According to our knowledge, this paper is the first scientific report highlighting bioactive substances in JAPC such as PUFA phytochemicals. These results clearly prove that JAPC is a valuable product which can direct towards human and animal nutrition as well as it can serve as basic material for different industrial purposes.


The influence of electric conductivity (EC) and temperature of paddy water on several properties and the herbicidal efficacy of naproanilide 1kg granule containing a floating carrier were investigated. This granule surfaced 7-15mins after application, while an ordinary 3kg granule did not rise to the surface at all. The EC of paddy water affected the surfacing ratio; the ratio was 70% when EC was 100μS/cm, but it was 5% at 800μS/cm. Naproanilide concentration in water was also affected by EC; it was 0.8ppm at 100μS/cm while it was 0.3ppm at 600μS/cm. Water temperature affected surfacing ratio and naproanilide concentration in water also: more than 70% and 1.Oppm, respectively, when water temperature was 25°C, but 0% and less than 0.05ppm at 10°C. There was a correlation between surfacing ratio and naproanilide concentration in water. Herbicidal efficacy against Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. was low at higher EC and at lower water temperature. From these results, the surfacing phenomenon is important for release of naproanilide into water and its herbicidal efficacy.


Two successive doses of epinephrine injected into normal or sham-operated cats evoked similar increases in blood glucose. Hyperglycemic responses to epinephrine (EHG) were attenuated in high spinal cats, thus verifying results reported previously. This observation is best explained by assuming an interruption of an epinephrine-activated hyperglycemic neural pathway to the periphery. Since high thoracic spinal section, bilateral thoracocervical sympathectomy, thyroid denervation and thyroidectomy attenuated the EHG, it is postulated that the hyperglycemic pathway emerges from the spinal cord high in the thoracic region, ascends in the sympathetic chain and innervates the thyroid gland. Attenuated epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia was not noted after low thoracic spinal cord section (below T4), pancreatectomy, hepatic denervation or hypophysectomy. Occlusion of the thyroid vein attenuated by EHG, suggesting the release of a thyroid hyperglycemic factor.


Summary form only given, as follows. A numerical model is presented to investigate the influences of cathode and nozzle geometries on the characteristics of transferred arc torches for waste melting process. The arc plasma is described in the atmospheric condition by a two dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model with the assumptions of steady state, axisymmetry, local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and optically thin plasma. In order to simulate the realistic torch configurations with complex nozzle and cathode arrangements, the unstructured triangular and/or quadrilateral grid systems are used with a finite volume discretization, gradient reconstruction procedure and a SIMPLE-like pressure-correction algorithm. For the self-consistent prediction of temperature profiles on the anode workpiece and heat transfer rates to it, the energy conservation and current continuity equations are solved not only in the thermal plasma region but also in the anode region with the special treatment of electric conductivity and energy balance at the interface of the plasma and the anode material. By the suggested numerical model, the temperature and flow field distributions of argon plasmas and the heat flux rates to anode material are calculated for the various nozzle length and diameter and for a wide range of vertex angle of the cone-shaped cathode. As a result of these calculations, optimum geometrical design parameters of the transferred plasma torch are obtained for the waste melting process. The predicted results are validated by comparing with some experimental data.


A comparison was made of the retention of three antigens PPD (protein purified derivative of tuberculin), HSA (human serum albumin) and HGG (human γ globulin) labelled with 131I in the skin of normal guinea-pigs. It was found that PPD was eliminated more rapidly than HSA or HGG in the first 24 hours after skin test. In contrast PPD was found to be more readily adsorbed to collagen and cellular tissues in vitro.

The retention of these antigens at 24 hours in normal and sensitized guinea-pigs was also compared. It was found that PPD was retained in the tuberculin lesion as compared with normal skin, whereas HSA was eliminated more rapidly from a delayed-type hypersensitivity lesion to HSA when compared with normal skin. It was concluded that retention of PPD was probably not specific to delayed-type hypersensitivity but was related to the difference in character and severity of the inflammatory process, which itself was related to the chemical nature of the antigen involved.


We are grateful to Quinn M.J.1 for the interest in our review article and comments on possible mechanisms contributing to the pathophysiology of malignant hypertension. We agree that pathogenesis of malignant hypertension remains obscure. Similar to essential hypertension, it is likely that development of malignant hypertension has more than one mechanism involved and this is supported by the fact that over the decades of research no unique etiology of malignant hypertension has been identified. We feel that interesting point on a possible role of injures to vasomotor nerves, in particular uterine nerves, as a trigger of vascular damage, whilst possibly relevant to some patients with malignant hypertension, is unlikely to be applicable to a sizable subgroup of people with malignant hypertension. Indeed, malignant hypertension is extremely uncommon in pregnancy and or soon after delivery, including in those with preeclampsia or eclampsia. Thus, it is unlikely that the described uterine changes are applicable to a sufficient number of people to justify them as a possible therapeutic target. In contrast, the arteriolar renal changes represent a likely pathophysiological mechanism contributing to a substantial proportion of cases of malignant hypertension. The possibility of a type of "renal arteriolar vasculitis" as a cause of the condition has been previously proposed and it is supported by histological studies showing renal changes being common in malignant hypertension, such as intrarenal fibrinoid necrosis of small afferent arterioles and proliferative endarteritis of medium-sized and small arteries.2–5 This hypothesis could explain the presence of the "phases" of malignant hypertension seen in many such patients, as a possible reflection of an "acute" vasculitis. This is further supported by a dramatic improvement in the outlook in such people after the introduction of medicines that inhibit the renin–angiotensin axis.6 Further data are clearly needed to establish the real contribution of renal arteriolar changes and specifically, the impact of focal arteriolar denervation to the pathogenesis of malignant hypertension.


The present work was realized in the laboratory of Technology and Processing of Aquatic Organisms of the Faculty of Agropecuary Sciences of Machala's University, province of El Oro, where which aims were: 1. To evaluate the effect of the Citric Acid and of the Chloride of Sodium in the processing of the silage; 2. To determine the multifaceted level in the elaborated ensilados; 3. To determine the range of the extract of subtle necessary lemon to transform the raw material sweet little face (Selene peruviana) in silage. In the present investigation a species of little was in use commercial value as source of protein, the same one that chemist was submitted to the traditional procedure of production of silage, but changing the strong acids, for extract of subtle lemon and stabilizing the growth of fungi with chloride of sodium, for which realized 5 treatments (75ml/100gr; 100ml/100gr; 125ml/100gr; 150ml/100gr; 175mlExtrac lemon /100grClNa) in 454gr of fish, with 5 repetitions, obtaining a total 25 samples, which were evaluated by means of: Analysis Organoleptic, Feasibility study and Evidence dietetics, us allowing to expire hereby with our raised aims.


Hypothesis / aims of study Patients with chronic neurological conditions have urological manifestations which we suspect may be poorly managed or ignored. The aim of this study is to look at the referral pattern, urological manifestations and outcome, when patients with unresolved urinary symptoms due to chronic neurological disease are managed in a single stop multidisciplinary neuro-urology clinic.


Abstract We directly examine the trading behaviors of individual investors in a short investment horizon based on unique daily trading data from the Korean stock market. Demand by individual investors increases this week when returns increased last week, implying that individual investors are momentum traders in the short term. Further, demand by individual investors last week is positively related to their demand this week, suggesting that individual investors tend to herd. In addition, demand by individual investors last week is negatively associated with returns this week, indicating unprofitable trading behaviors.


Disclosed herein are methods of treatment with the treatment of patients with renal neuromodulation, and associated apparatus, systems and methods. One aspect of the technology relates neuromodulation devices, systems and methods content biomarker sampling. For example, some embodiments relate to a conduit system and method which varies in response neuromodulation biomarker sampling. For example, the system may include a major axis and a sampling member having neuromodulation and neuromodulation and sampling element.


mdash; Varroa jacobsoni is an ectoparasitic mite which attacks the honey bees Apis mellifera and Apis cerana. A morphological and taxonomic study was conducted using 462 female mites collected from A. mellifera and A. cerana trom 17 countries (induding two recent introduction sites in the United States). Thirteen morphological characteristics were measured. While un ivariate analyses indicated a statistically significant difference in mean body length of V. jacobsoni collected from A. mellifera and A. cerana, the distributions overlapped broadly with a weak bimodality (by host). There was a weak correlation, on average, between the size of V. jacobsoni and the size of the host. However, there was sufficient size variance and plasticity that shifts in mite body size could accomodate interspecific host shifts. Principal component analysis, discriminant function analysis and clustering (UPGMA) of Mahalanobis distances were used to determine phenetic similarity among populations. Results indicated that populations of V. jacobsoni show remarkable stability in character variance across their geographic range. There is no reason to suspect the occurrence of more than one cosmopolitan species. Since the US samples were more similar ot V. jacobsoni collected from Brazil, than to European or Asian populations, it was concluded that the origin of the introduction into the United States was South America. The origin of the US introduction is discussed in terms of evolutionary implications and potential virulence of biotypes.


Abstract. Site-specific seismic probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis (SPTHA) is a
computationally demanding task, as it requires, in principle, a huge number of
high-resolution numerical simulations for producing probabilistic inundation
maps. We implemented an efficient and robust methodology using a filtering
procedure to reduce the number of numerical simulations needed while still
allowing for a full treatment of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty. Moreover, to
avoid biases in tsunami hazard assessment, we developed a strategy to
identify and separately treat tsunamis generated by near-field earthquakes.
Indeed, the coseismic deformation produced by local earthquakes necessarily
affects tsunami intensity, depending on the scenario size, mechanism and
position, as coastal uplift or subsidence tends to diminish or increase the
tsunami hazard, respectively. Therefore, we proposed two parallel filtering
schemes in the far- and the near-field, based on the similarity of offshore
tsunamis and hazard curves and on the similarity of the coseismic fields,
respectively. This becomes mandatory as offshore tsunami amplitudes can not
represent a proxy for the coastal inundation in the case of near-field sources.
We applied the method to an illustrative use case at the Milazzo oil refinery
(Sicily, Italy). We demonstrate that a blind filtering procedure can not
properly account for local sources and would lead to a nonrepresentative
selection of important scenarios. For the specific source–target
configuration, this results in an overestimation of the tsunami hazard,
which turns out to be correlated to dominant coastal uplift. Different
settings could produce either the opposite or a mixed behavior along the
coastline. However, we show that the effects of the coseismic deformation due
to local sources can not be neglected and a suitable correction has to be
employed when assessing local-scale SPTHA, irrespective of the specific
signs of coastal displacement.


This paper expands the discrete-time (DT) U-model set and the associated control designs into continuous-time (CT) U-model expressions to make U-model based control (U-control) feasible for CT systems directly. Consequently, this study has focused on the CT U-model formation and its inversion by graphical implementation in the environment of Simulink/Matlab. It is the U-model to make U-control feasible to establish the model-independent control system design framework with two cascade controllers (invariant controller for generating the desired closed-loop plant output response and the plant dynamic inversion to drive the plant model as a unit constant gain). In the design, the invariant controller is designed once-off within a linear feedback loop for specifying the whole system performance, and the real controller output is determined by the dynamic inversion of plant model together with the desired control. Three simulated CT U-control examples demonstrate the proposed U-control design procedure and application reference for potential readers/users with their future ad-hoc research development.


This chapter discusses the rise of international adjudication as a means of peaceful settlement of international disputes. The rise of international adjudication is noticeable in three aspects: (1) States are now more willing to create international courts or tribunals; (2) States are more willing to acknowledge the jurisdiction of international courts or tribunals; and (3) States are now more willing to submit their disputes to international adjudication. The recent rise of international adjudication has much to do with fundamental changes that took place in international relations, such as the Cold War, globalization, democratization, and global expansion of human rights norms. As international adjudication is an attempt by States to settle their disputes peacefully through the application of international law, its rise should be viewed as a positive phenomenon which can contribute to the maintenance of international peace and stability. Keywords:globalization; international adjudication; international disputes


Sea ice in the harbour left the team stranded on shore. The only way to get through the sea ice was on barges. Their powerful motors can push ice like this out of the way. As the early explorers used to say, 'the fastest way through ice is around it.'


RATIONALE
Inflammation drives pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Gut dysbiosis causes immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation by altering circulating microbial metabolites; however, little is known about gut dysbiosis and microbial metabolites in PAH.

OBJECTIVES
To characterize the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in PAH patients.

METHODS
We performed 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene and shotgun metagenomics sequencing on stool from PAH patients, family controls, and healthy controls. We measured markers of inflammation, gut permeability, and microbial metabolites in plasma from PAH patients, family controls, and healthy controls.

MAIN RESULTS
The gut microbiome was less diverse in PAH patients. Shannon diversity index correlated with measures of pulmonary vascular disease but not with right ventricular function. PAH patients had a distinct gut microbial signature at the phylogenetic level with lower copies of gut microbial genes that produce anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids and lower relative abundances of species encoding these genes. Consistent with the gut microbial changes, PAH patients had relatively lower plasma levels of SCFAs and secondary bile acids. PAH patients also had enrichment of species with the microbial genes that encoded the proinflammatory microbial metabolite trimethylamine. The changes in the gut microbiome and circulating microbial metabolites between PAH patients and family controls were not as substantial as the differences between PAH patients and healthy controls.

CONCLUSIONS
PAH patients have proinflammatory gut dysbiosis in which lower circulating SCFAs and secondary bile acids may facilitate pulmonary vascular disease. These findings support investigating modulation of the gut microbiome as a potential treatment for PAH.


This review aims to present a speculation about mechanisms that shape the brains of humans and other animals into an asymmetrical organization. To this end, I will proceed in two steps: first, I want to recapitulate evidence from various experiments that show that some but not all asymmetries of the avian brain result from a prehatch light stimulation asymmetry. This should make it clear that avian embryos have a genetic predisposition to turn their head to the right. This results in a higher level of prehatch light stimulation of their right eye. The concomitant left–right difference in sensory input alters the brain circuits of the animal for the entire lifespan in a lateralized way. In the second part of the paper I will present evidence that some of the asymmetries of the human brain take a similar ontogenetic path as those observed in birds. This review provides the evidence that critical ontogenetic processes discovered in animal models could also be involved in the ontogeny of human cerebral asymmetries.


The recognition/classification of a given pattern is characterized by one of the two following tasks. Supervised
classification is a problem of establishing decision regions between patterns and assigning an unknown input
pattern into one of the predefined classes. In unsupervised classification, classes are learned based on the
similarity of patterns. Supervised can lead to reduction in accuracy during classification of instances. Variable
selection is the most essential function in predictive analytics that reduces the dimensionality, without losing
appropriate information by selecting a few significant features of machine learning problems. The major
techniques involved in this process are filter and wrapper methodologies. While filters measure the weight of
features based on the attribute weighting criterion, the wrapper approach computes the competence of the
variable selection algorithms. The wrapper approach is achieved by the selection of feature subgroups by pruning
the feature space in its search space. The objective of this paper is to choose the most favourable attribute subset
from the novel set of features, by using the combination method that unites the merits of filters and wrappers. To
achieve this objective, an Hybrid Feature Selection (HFS) method is performed to create well-organized learners.
The results of this study shows that the HFS algorithm can build competent business applications, which have
got a better precision than that of the constructed which is stated by the previous hybrid variable selection
algorithms.


The advent of Doppler echocardiography has provided an accurate, reprcducibk and noninvasive method for determination of pressure gradients (1.2). Using Bernoulli hydmdynamits, the pressure gradient between two cardiac chambers can be derived from the velocity of blood Row across these chambers as assessed by continuous wave Doppler echoeardiogmphy. The clinical accuracy of this method has been confirmed for calculation of pressure gradients in stenotic lesions such as mitral stenosis (3,4). awtic stenosis(S) right ventricular outflow abstraction (6). Continuous wave Doppler ukasound also has been found to be accurate in measuring pressure gradients across right-sided regur&nt lesions. allowing the calculation of right ventricular systolic pressure in tricuspid regurgitation (7,s) and pulmonary artery end-diastolic prewre in pulmonary regw&ion (91. To date. there has ken no study to determine whether or not the continuous wave Doppler technique remains accurate in calculation of pressure gradients for left-sided regur&nt lesions. We wished to examine the instantaneous pressure gradi. ems in left-sided regurgitant lesions of aortic and mitral regurghation. To avoid the inherent beat to beat variability in left-sided pressures. we pcrfomxd simultaneous Doppler ultrasound and catheter measurements utilizing a dual catheter technique.