according to their Body Mass Index (BMI) (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m 2 and BMI > 25 kg/m 2 ), A significant difference was found in the ovulation (P ≥ 0.001) and rate of pregnancy (P ≥ 0.029) between the two groups (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m 2 and BMI > 25 kg/m 2 ). Conclusions: Determination of FSH, LH, GTT and BMI may produce a reliable way to predict maturation and ovulation status using CC therapy in women with PCOS.


Winter swimming, as a way to exercise, is becoming a popular game among people, of both middle age and old age, and it is receiving more concern. With the implementation of physical exercise project for all citizens, more and more winter swimming clubs were set up at different places. Winter swimming is beneficial to people's immunity, and can slow down the ageing process, and also helps cure chronic diseases,cultivating one's perseverance and confidence.


In order to explore the eveironmental conditions for the formation of Cinnamomum camphor plantation and the influence on climate and environment by forests.a monitoring station was set up in the plantation.The results showed that although the fluctuations of the atmosphere temperature,humidity,soil temperature,soil humidity,etc.of the C.camphor plantation were not in well accordance with that of sun radiation,the single-top shaped diurnal variations curve of the temperature of leaves around the canopy edge fitted quite well with sun radiation.The highest temperature occurred 3-4 hours after the climax of sun radiation;the annual dynamic curve of the relative humidity was "U" shape.But differences existed in the highest,lowest and amplitude of the humidity among years.The relative humidity in middle canopy was higher than upper canopy;because of the delayed effect of temperature,the diurnal and seasonal variations of the soil temperature were not sync hronize with sun radiation or atmosphere temperature.The diurnal and seasonal variations of the soil humidity were smaller.During the whole year,the moisture rate of soil decreased from the initial stage of leaves to the flourishing stage of leaves but increased in the declining stage of leaves which was still lower than the initial stage of leaves,this indicated that the growth of plant was greatly influenced by soilwater.


There is a series of trust problems because most cold chain logistics systems adopt centralized solutions, and data management is completed by logistics enterprises alone at present. In this paper, it proposes a blockchain technology solution for cold chain logistics industry to solve these problems. It designs the cochain system for order data and environment data respectively by taking advantage of the unique characteristics of decentralization and distrust of blockchain. It realizes secure cochain of order data, timely cochain of cold chain environment data and embedded path control mechanism to improve the credibility and data security of cold chain logistics industry. It shows that the scheme can meet the business needs through the implementation and testing of the system prototype, which has an important impact on the cold chain logistics industry.


The presence of naphthenic acids in crude oils has caused a major corrosion problem to the production equipment, storage and transport facilities in the petroleum industry. The level of acidity of crude oil was determined by the value of Total Acid Number (TAN) in the oil samples. Two types of crude: Petronas Penapisan Melaka Heavy Crude and Petronas Penapisan Melaka Light Crude were studied. Various parameters studied were the amount of chemical dosing, type of catalyst, different catalyst calcination temperatures, and catalyst ratio of basic metal and dopant. The basic chemical used was ammonia solution in ethylene glycol (NH3-EG) with a concentration range of 100-1000 mg/L. The best experimental condition for the possible TAN for the two samples is 1000 mg/L of NH3-EG, and the catalyst reaction must be in the range of 35-40°C. Cu/Mg (10:90)/Al2O3 catalyst successfully reduced TAN in Heavy Crude for about 84.8% while for Light Crude, TAN was reduced 66.7% with the aids of Ni/Mg (10:90)/Al2O3 catalyst. Increase concentration of basic chemical, reduced the total acid number value of both crude oil.


1.1 THE PERSPECTIVE 02 1.2 ANTICANCER DRUGS: CLASSIFICATION & MODE OF ACTION 05 1.3 THE AIM AND BACKDROP FOR THE TITLE 07 1.4 BIOANALYTICAL LC-MS/MS ASSAYS 09 1.4.1 Sample pre-treatment 10 1.4.2 Chromatography 11 1.4.3 Mass spectrometry detection 14 1.5 GENERAL METHODOLOGY FOR BIOANALYSIS 17 1.6 BIOANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION 1.7 BIOAVAILABILITY AND BIOEQUIVALENCE 1.8 CONCLUDING REMARKS OF THE WORK UNDERTAKEN 28 1.9 REFERENCES 20 0 23


In this article, we describe our recent study of a novel combination of two feature vectors for holistic recognition of offline handwritten word images. In the literature, both contour and skeleton based feature representations have been studied for offline handwriting recognition purpose. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no such study in which combination of the two feature representations have been considered for the purpose. In the proposed recognition scheme, we use multiclass SVM as the classifier. We have implemented the proposed approach for holistic recognition of Devanagari handwritten town names and tested its performance on a large handwritten word sample database of 100 Indian town names written in Devanagari. Experimental results show sharp improvement in recognition accuracy over the use of any of the individual feature representation schemes. The proposed approach is script independent and can be used for development of a holistic handwritten word image recognition of any script.


On the basis of core data acquisition from Chenggu×well in the Archean buried hill reservoir,the porosities,permeabilities,densities,resistivities and wave velocities of granite and lamprophyre rocks in this reservoir are measured through crossplots,and furthers,from which analysed and obtained are the physical parameters of the reservoir rocks.The experiment matched equations are helpful in fractured reservoir identification and prediction.It is found from the experiments that lamprophyre is a better reservoir because its porosity is bigger and sonic wave velocity is slower;The elastic wave of the granite is faster and its compacted core porosity is lower.After being saturated by fluids,the lamprophyre is more sensitive than the granite.The wave velocity of the former changes with the increase of resistivity and stress,but the Poisson's ratio of the dried cores increases as the stress increases.The saturated water's Poisson ratio decreases as the stress increases.The wave velocity and Poisson ratio are nearly normal values as the pressure goes up.The experimental results provide a reference for the exploration and development of Archean buried hill reservoir in Dongying depression.


The interier colour environment is an artificial three-dimensional world of decorative colours. The methods of matching colours can't do without the direction of the principles of matching decorative colours. And they do have some specialities in the colour relationship between the whole and the part.


Aiming at the features of university students,this paper defines freshmen counselors' role as guides,close friends,instructors and problem-solvers.The freshmen counselors should strengthen their five functions of active services,study instruction,career planning,activities guidance and coordination.


The most efficient surge-arresters in use today are based on ZnO varistors. All electronic devices and power lines are using varistors in order to protect extremely sensitive devices and consumers against any type of overvoltage, mainly lightning strokes or induced overvoltages, both on power supply lines as well as on data lines. The heat produced inside the varistor is basically incontrollable, during a heavy duty permanent regime or after an extremely violent shock. That's why, finding an efficient method to control heat dissipation or a technical solution to improve the thermal behavior by enlarging the safety stability reserve is very important. The new configuration proposed in this paper consists in two disc varistors electrically connected in parallel with an additional brass common electrode used for heat exchange between the varistors through conduction. This paper presents the finite-element model used for the direct control of heat dissipation and exchange, as well as some experimental results. The thermal behavior of two single varistors in parallel is compared with the new configuration (varistors in parallel with heat exchange), after applying a standard electric shock. Experimental results are shown in order to confirm this solution.


Robotics has gained a great deal of popularity across the United States as a means to engage youth in science, technology, engineering, and math. Understanding what motivates youth and adults to participate in a robotics project is critical to understanding how to engage others. By developing a robotics program built on a proper understanding of the motivational influences, the program can be built on a foundation that addresses these influences. By engaging more youth in the robotics program, they will be able to envision a future for themselves as a high-school or college graduate, in addition to a viable employee with marketable skills in tough economy.
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the underlying motivational attributes or factors that influenced 4-H youth, parents, volunteers, and agents to participate in the Mississippi 4-H robotics project. Specifically, this research focuses on two unique counties in Mississippi with very diverse populations. Interviews with participants, observation, and document analysis which took place occurred over the course of a robotics year - October to July. This study sought to identify motivational attributes of participants in the robotics project. Once identified these attributes could be used when developing new program curricula or expanding into new counties in Mississippi.
Data analysis revealed that there are many unique motivational factors that influence participants. Among these factors, (1) the desire to build and construct a robot, (2) competition and recognition, (3) desire for future success and security, (4) safe place to participate and build relationships, (5) teamwork, (6) positive role models, and (7) encouragement.


Temperature increase and precipitation changes caused by change alter aquatic environments including water quantity and quality that eventually affects the habitat of aquatic organisms. Such changes in habitat lead to changes in habitat suitability of the organisms, which eventually determines species distribution. Therefore, conventional habitat suitability models were investigated to evaluate habitat suitability changes of freshwater fish cause by change. Habitat suitability models can be divided into habitat-hydraulic (PHABSIM, CCHE2D, CASiMiR, RHABSIM, RHYHABSIM, and River2D) and habitat-physiologic (CLIMEX) models. Habitat-hydraulic models use hydraulic variables (velocity, depth, substrate) to assess habitat suitability, but lack the ability to evaluate the effect of water quality, including temperature. On the contrary, CLIMEX evaluates the physiological response against climatic variables, but lacks the ability to interpret the effects of physical habitat (hydraulic variables). A new concept of ecological habitat suitability modeling (EHSM) is proposed to overcome such limitations by combining the habitat-hydraulic model (PHABSIM) and the habitat-physiologic model (CLIMEX), which is able to evaluate the effect of more environmental variables than each conventional model. This model is expected to predict fish habitat suitability according to climate change more accurately.


A leading role in the occurrence of infertility in male domestic animals is played by nutritional deficiency factors, in particular vitamin A deficiency, which contributes to the development of morphological and functional changes in the reproductive system. The aim of the work was to determine the effect of vitamin A (carotene) deficiency on the biochemical and mineral status of infertile boars, in particular, to establish changes in the main biochemical markers and assess the state of the antioxidant defence system and indicators of mineral homeostasis (Calcium, Phosphorus, Zinc, Copper, Manganese and Cobalt). In the experimental group of animals, a probably low level of vitamin A was noted (by 54.2 % lower than the control group, P ˂ 0.001) due to a significant increase in the content of thiobarbiturate acid-reactive compounds (by 2.32 times, P ˂ 0.001) and a decrease in the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (by 47.3 % and 28.8 %, respectively, P ˂ 0.001). A decrease in haemoglobin concentration by 14.3 % (Р ˂ 0.001), total protein by 11.6 % (Р ˂ 0.01), the number of erythrocytes by 9.3 % (Р ˂ 0.01) and acid capacity by 9.1 % (Р ˂ 0.05). These results demonstrate a general decrease in metabolic processes in the body of infertile boars with vitamin A deficiency. The reduced number of erythrocytes in the blood of boars of the experimental group was mainly due to antiradical and antihypoxic abilities. It should be noted that catalase activity and the content of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes were probably lower than the control indicators by 53.1 % and 16.3 % (Р ˂ 0.001), respectively. In addition, taking into account the reduced indicators of haemoglobin content and the number of erythrocytes, a negative dynamics of oxygen metabolism was established. This is also confirmed by a probable increase in the content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes (by 67.5 %, Р ˂ 0.001). Also, in boars of the experimental group, the content of Calcium was lower by 25.0 % (Р ˂ 0.001) than the control indicators, and the content of Phosphorus decreased by 12.6 % (Р ˂ 0.05). Similar changes were observed in the levels of Zinc and Copper (indicators were lower than the control by 52.0 % and 28.0 %, respectively, Р ˂ 0.001). Note that the Manganese content in the blood of experimental boars was reduced by 20.9 % (Р ˂ 0.05), while the Cobalt level was lower by 16.1 % (Р ˂ 0.05). The obtained results showed a significant effect of A-vitamin deficiency on the general antioxidant activity and mineral homeostasis in barren boars.


Puurpura fulminans has been described in neonates and infants with homozygous protein C and protein S deficiency.1-3 Severe bacterial infection associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) can also induce purpura fulminans in the infant. The relative hypercoagulable state of the neonate may be one of the contributing factors.4 Markedly low levels of protein C have been described in sick newborn infants.5 We describe a 5-day-old infant with DIC and purpura fulminans who had low level of protein C (PC). A good response to treatment with fresh frozen plasma (FFP), heparin, and other supportive treatment was seen.


Life's Dominion defends a novel claim: that disputes over the morality of abortion, assisted suicide, and euthanasia are fundamentally religious disagreements. They are religious, Ronald Dworkin contends, because most people believe that the morality of these actions depends on whether they adequately respect life's "sacred" or inherent value, and "[c]onvictions that endorse the objective importance of human life speak to the same issues-about the place of an individual human life in an impersonal and infinite universe-as orthodox religious beliefs do for those who hold them."' Two conclusions follow, in Dworkin's view. First, because we tolerate religious beliefs we consider wrong, the recognition that someone's decision to abort a pregnancy or to hasten her death typically rests on spiritual values should lead us to permit abortion and euthanasia even if we deplore them. Second, the First Amendment guarantees individual choice in both cases. Either these existential decisions turn on commitments that are religious for purposes of the Free Exercise Clause, or government action to restrain abortion or euthanasia entails public endorsement of a religious proposition in violation of the Establishment Clause. Dworkin also defends a related thesis about the limitations that morality places on the use of state power. The state, he maintains, may not gravely burden people to protect values other than individual rights, particularly values, like the importance of prolonging human life in any form, that are controversial and inherently religious. Abortion and assistance to people who


The investigations included assays of phenol biodegradation possibilities of some strains of Mucoraceae . The phenol concentrations in media were 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001%. In this way we selected Circinella muscae and Mortierella isabellina strains which decomposed phenol with yield from 14,7 to 29,6%.


The purpose of this paper is twofold; to demonstrate parameter estimation possibility of MIMO model and to propose an asymptotically efficient approach for estimating three channel parameters such as, nominal direction, angular spread and rice factor. Manipulating the estimation in efficient manner, the benchmark and the proposed estimators are based on weighted least squares (WLS) criteria. Rather than invoking the sample covariance estimate in ordinary WLS criterion, the proposed approach makes use of structured covariance estimate for computing the weight matrix. The nonparametric estimate presented here in is the way to constrain the array covariance matrix to hold the Toeplitz structure so that the residual due to imposing the structured weight matrix is less than that provided by employing the ordinary sample covariance. As a matter of course, this leads to more advantage for parameter estimation, particularly, in non-asymptotic region of temporal snapshot number. Numerical examples are conducted to validate the superiority in non-asymptotic situations.


The on-going AMMON program in EOLE reactor at CEA Cadarache (France) provides experimental results to qualify the HORUS-3D/N neutronics calculation scheme used for the design and safety studies of the new Material Testing Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR). This paper presents the determination of technological and nuclear data uncertainties on the core reactivity and the propagation of the latter from the AMMON experiment to JHR. The technological uncertainty propagation was performed with a direct perturbation methodology using the 3D French stochastic code TRIPOLI4 and a statistical methodology using the 2D French deterministic code APOLLO2-MOC which leads to a value of 289 pcm (1{sigma}). The Nuclear Data uncertainty propagation relies on a sensitivity study on the main isotopes and the use of a retroactive marginalization method applied to the JEFF 3.1.1 {sup 27}Al evaluation in order to obtain a realistic multi-group covariance matrix associated with the considered evaluation. This nuclear data uncertainty propagation leads to a K{sub eff} uncertainty of 624 pcm for the JHR core and 684 pcm for the AMMON reference configuration core. Finally, transposition and reduction of the prior uncertainty were made using the Representativity method which demonstrates the similarity of the AMMON experiment with JHR (the representativity factormore » is 0.95). The final impact of JEFF 3.1.1 nuclear data on the Begin Of Life (BOL) JHR reactivity calculated by the HORUS-3D/N V4.0 is a bias of +216 pcm with an associated posterior uncertainty of 304 pcm (1{sigma}). (authors)« less


Summary Bananas belonging to the Cavendish sub-group (AAA) are cultivated commercially for their high yield, short cropping cycle, and high economic returns. The field performance of exotic Cavendish cultivars such as 'Grand Naine', 'Williams', and 'Dwarf Cavendish' is superior due to their sturdy stature, high yield potential, and better bunch quality. However, morphological similarities among the dwarf, medium, tall, and giant types of Cavendish clones make identification difficult under field conditions. Multiplication by tissue culture further aggravates this problem by inducing somaclonal variants. In the present study, ten IRAP (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism) primer pairs and 30 decamer RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primers were tested to examine intra-group diversity in Cavendish bananas. The average level of polymorphism exhibited by RAPD markers was 67.8%, and by IRAP markers the level was 81.3%, indicating that there was substantial variation at the DNA level among the 19 accessions tested. All dwarf Cavendish-type cultivars such as 'Williams', 'Dwarf Cavendish', 'Singapuri', 'Jahaji', and 'Manjahaji' clustered together using IRAP markers. Similarly, all medium-tall types of Cavendish such as 'Harichal', 'Robusta', 'Shrimanti', and 'Pedda Pacha', and giant Cavendish types such as 'Gandevi Selection', 'Grand Naine', and 'Madhukar' grouped separately. These results suggest that IRAP markers are more robust than RAPD markers for studying intra-group diversity in the Cavendish sub-group. Furthermore, the use of appropriate primer combinations could enable the development of DNA fingerprints for genetic fidelity testing within Cavendish clones.


For as many theories about why using social media works in communication management, there are few studies that analyze how it actually works, leaving communicators with few standards beyond gut-instinct and "what's working for now" management. This study explores social media management empirically on an in-depth level, using grounded practical theory principles and in-depth interviews with strategic communication professionals to uncover the strategies, processes, and situated ideals that underpin successful strategic communication via social media. Findings demonstrate the importance of communicator expertise and communication integration in managing social media communication.


Microorganisms play pivotal roles in soil processes. Metabolically related microorganisms constitute functional groups, and diverse microbial functional groups control nutrient cycling in soils. This study explored environmental (i.e., rainfall, temperature) and soil factors driving the distribution of bacterial functional groups involved in soil carbon (C) cycling in paired natural and agricultural ecosystems. Soil samples were collected at a regional scale covering gradients of temperature and rainfall across two orthogonal transects (~1000 km) in New South Wales, Australia. Putative functions of bacteria were linked to two soil C fractions: particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC). We found: (i) temperature and rainfall were important drivers of bacterial functional groups, while soil properties, such as pH, soil C and nitrogen (N), also presented significant contributions; (ii) community structure of bacteria involved in C cycling was mainly related to POC content but not to MAOC; (iii) paired sampling showed that agricultural practices had significant impacts on the composition and responses of soil bacterial functional groups. This study demonstrated the environmental regulation (e.g., temperature and rainfall) of soil microbial functional groups at large scales, which was altered by agricultural practices.


The article presents current data on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis in children. Over the past 10-15 years, the incidence of pancreatitis has increased and is 3.6-13.3 cases per 100,000 children. According to the results of an international study INSPPIRE a group of researchers involving in to the study of pediatric pancreatitis gave a definition of acute, acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis and developed clinical guidelines for the management of this pathology in children. Acute pancreatitis is a polyetiological disease, the causes of which may be abnormalities in the development of the pancreatobiliary system, drugs, injuries, infections, systemic diseases. Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations and laboratory and instrumental data. Clinically acute pancreatitis is manifested by abdominal, dyspeptic and asthenic syndromes. Particular attention is paid to the timely diagnosis of pancreatitis in children with unexplained abdominal pain syndrome. In such cases, it is mandatory to determine the level of amylase and lipase. Transabdominal ultrasound is the screening method among instrumental methods. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are necessary imaging techniques for suspected pancreatic necrosis. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, in turn, plays an important role in the diagnosis of anomalies and lesions of the biliary and pancreatic ducts. There are modern classification, diagnostic criteria of acute pancreatitis, laboratory and instrumental methods of the diagnosis and approaches to the treatment in children in the article.


Approved PDE5 inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) include sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra) and tadalafil (Cialis), all of which are considered very specific and 'safe' drugs. However, even highly selective, FDA approved drugs can have the potential to bind to other unintended targets, possibly leading to side effects. Some reported side effects observed during ED treatment include headache, flushing and transient visual problems. Understanding the molecular causes of such side effects is an important part of the drug development process and can help in the understanding of the mechanisms of drug action. In the research described in this thesis, the interactome of several, closely related, PDE5 inhibitors was characterized to obtain further insight in their ability to bind proteins other than PDE5. The pull-down affinity experiments were optimized to decrease binding of non-specific proteins. The optimized pull-down assay was then combined with high resolution quantitative proteomics to get a clear and unbiased insight into the protein interactors of PDE5 inhibitors. Several new specific interacting proteins were identified and verified and it was shown that slight modifications of the inhibitors can alter their specificity to favor these new protein targets. Throughout the work described in this thesis it has become evident that chemical proteomics can be an effective approach to describe the interactome of drugs but that it can also be used to identify potential new targets of known compounds, opening up the possibility to identify new potential therapeutic uses for known and approved drugs.


One of the biggest problems of UHT milk is the sedimentation of protein particles that occurs during the storage period, which faces rejection by the consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the particle sedimentation in semi-skimmed, skimmed and wholemilk, stored at 20°C, 30°C (±1) for 120 days. In pasteurized milk that yielded UHT milk physico-chemical and microbiological analisys (mesophilic, psychrotrophic and lactic acid bacteria) were carried out. In semi-skimmed, skimmed and whole milk, the acidity, pH, boiling, sensory analysis, integrity of packaging and sedimentation tests were carried out shortly after packing and at 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th days of storage. The pasteurized whole milk, semi skimmed and skimmed milk showed results within the required standards by the industry for mesophilic bacteria(log10 4.37 a log10 4.08UFC mL-1), psychrotrophic (log10 3.06 a log10 2.77UFC mL-1) and lactic acid (log10 3.10 a log10 2.42UFC mL-1) bacteria, that differed significantly (5%) of value of fresh milk from which they originate. The values of acidity (0.15% ac. lactic), freezing point (-0.535 a -0.540°H), fat, density (1.031 a 1.034g mL-1), pH (6.70 a 6.80) and degreased dry extract (8.65 a 8.93%) also were within the standards. From the 60th day of storage on, particle sedimentation was observed in the three types of UHT milk at the 20°C (0.80 a 1.10g) at the 30°C (1.0 a 1.40g).


Neurofibromas are sporadic or associated with type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1), with a higher risk of malignant progression. Oral Neurofibromas are peripheral nerve sheath tumors, similar to Schwannomas. Solitary neurofibroma is a rare benign non-odontogenic tumor. Particularly in the oral cavity, neurogenic tumors are rare, especially if they are malignant. Neurofibromas may present either as solitary lesions or as part of the generalized syndrome of neurofibromatosis or von Recklinghausen's disease of the skin. Clinically, oral Neurofibromas usually appear as pedunculated or sessile nodules, with slow growth and mostly without pain. The diagnosis can be confirmed by histological examination. Histological variations in oral neurofibromas are relatively uncommon. Neurofibromas are immunopositive for the S-100 protein, indicating its neural origin. Treatment is surgical and the prognosis is excellent.


An apparatus and a method for counting input pulses during a specific time interval are provided. A clock edge recovery output signal is produced in response to an input gating signal and a clock signal containing the input pulses. The clock edge recovery output signal contains a respective full clock pulse for each of either the rising or falling edge of the input pulses of the clock signal that occurs while the input gating signal is in an enable state and when the input gating signal transitions from the enable state to the disable state. A counter circuit counts the pulses contained in the clock edge recovery output signal.


This article reviews the ancestor's analysis of strait tourism development prospect,and based on the SWOT,it analyses the strenghs,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of cross-strait tourism development in modern time.The result shows that cross-strait tourism development has bright future but still exists many uncertain factors.The two sides should grasp the opportunities,learn from each other and promote the rapid development of cross-strait tourism.


The review undertaken in this paper shows how, at the beginning of 1988, nation‐states of the world allocated ministerial responsibilities for the important function of transport. A total of 118 countries are examined, compared with 111 in 1982 (Transport Reviews, Vol. 2, No. 4) and 115 in 1985 (Transport Reviews, Vol. 5. No. 1). The analysis reveals an increase in the number of ministers solely responsible for one mode of transport, and notes an increase in the number of designated ministers for tourism. The paper goes on to examine the two main duties of ministers of transport: safety and economic regulation; and of the increasing need for closer international co‐operation as new transport technology, the growing demand for travel and expanding world trade make our world 'an even more local village' in the decades to come.


After graduation, a scholarship brought Richard Htun Nyunt to the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine for specialised study in internal and clinical medicine; he also attended the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and became a senior house officer at Belfast's Royal Victoria Hospital. On returning to Burma, Richard …


This paper presents a passivity-based control method for a small hydro-power system that consists of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PSMG) connected to the grid through a back-to-back converter. Nonlinear models of the hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical parts of the small hydro-power system are considered. Two approaches in the realm of passivity-based control are implemented, namely, standard passivity-based control and PI-passive. These controls consider the intrinsic characteristics of the model, which has a port-Hamiltonian (pH) structure with a small hydro-power system in open-loop. The purpose is to design a control law with passive output which ensures asymptotic stability for closed-loop operation in the sense of Lyapunov's theory. The paper is practically oriented, and hence, the proposed controllers are tested and compared with a conventional approach, in a 13.2 kV distribution feeder. The proposed controllers have been assessed and compared with a classical PI controller considering steady state and transient behaviors in small hydro-power plants (SHPs). Simulation results show that the proposed methodology guarantees stability and offers better dynamical performance.


Abstract This study investigated the influence of regional economic integration (REI) on poverty reduction and the revenue distribution in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) over the period 1994–2018. The second generation panel unit root tests and the Westerlund panel cointegration test were employed for preliminary analysis. The elasticities of the variables were investigated using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) approach. The results showed that REI reduced income inequality and increased the poverty rate. Moreover, the causal relationship revealed the presence of a bidirectional relationship between REI and poverty. The feedback causal effect operated between REI and remittances, while unidirectional causality runs from REI to income inequality, from economic growth per capita to income inequality, from remittances to poverty, from the control of corruption to income inequality, and from remittances to economic growth. Consequently, the study recommends an easing of governmental regional integration restrictions and provision of subsidies that help to increase the volume of trade and financial development while reducing poverty in the union.


Abstract Researches on ultrastructure of Avena coleoptile. 3. The sieve elements. — A study on the ultrastructural organization of the mature sieve elements of Avena coleoptile has been carried out. Data suggest that functional phloem tubes are alive and remain alive until they are working. Judging on morphological basis, the metabolic activity of sieve elements should be of peculiar type and low in comparison to that of the companion cells. In fact the cytoplasm is located in a narrow parietal strand, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum are present, but they appear very modified; plastids and nucleus are absent. The cytoplasm is bounded externally by a normal plasmalemma, whilst the vacuole has no visible limits: a tonoplast is, therefore not identifiable. The strands connecting the superimposed sieve elements with one another through the sieve plate result to be made by a double membrane system very similar to the endoplasmic reticulum, which we believe to realize cytoplasmic continu...


The system of radio sources that has been described has one property on which, I think, everyone agrees : they are distributed with spherical symmetry around the Galaxy. The optically observed galaxies also have this property, and I shall therefore assume that the radio sources outside our galaxy are indeed galaxies of some kind or other and that they consequently share in the general recession indicated by the redshift. It has long been known that counts of galaxies to successive limits of apparent magnitude provide the theoretical cosmologist with a powerful observational datum in his attempts to determine which of the infinity of possible uniform model universes best fits the observed universe. But it is also known that numbers of galaxies obtained by counting on photographic plates are unreliable because of the difficulty of determining the apparent magnitude to which each count is made. The flux density of a radio source, however, which is the analogue of an optical apparent magnitude, is comparatively easily measured. Thus counts of radio sources to successive limits of flux density provide an alternative to the optical counts and it is this that makes them so important in cosmology. The data on optical redshifts do, of course, provide valuable criteria for the selection of the appropriate model universe which I summarize in tabular form thus i Metric of uniform model universe :


The asynchronous filtering problem for networked fuzzy non‐homogeneous Markov jump systems is investigated, with the consideration of packet dropout and quantization. An event‐triggered dynamic quantization scheme is proposed, and a stability criterion is given to ensure the stochastic stability of the filtering error systems with desired extended dissipative performance. This performance provides a unified framework in the sense that it can degenerate to H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ , l2−l∞$$ {l}_2-{l}_{\infty } $$ , dissipativity and passivity filter, respectively, under certain parameter sets. Furthermore, an asynchronous filter design method with extended dissipative performance is given based on the proposed stability criterion. In this method, the existence of the quantizer is ensured by dynamic quantization levels and the solution scope of the filter is enlarged by a free‐connection weighting matrices method. The theoretical design and analysis is finally evaluated using a practical example.


We present deep high resolution (0 . (cid:48)(cid:48) 03, 200 pc) ALMA Band 7 observations covering the dust continuum and [C II ] λ 157 . 7 µ m emission in four z ∼ 4 . 4 − 4 . 8 sub-millimeter galaxies (SMGs) selected from the ALESS and AS2UDS surveys. The data show that the rest-frame 160 µ m (observed 345 GHz) dust emission is consistent with smooth morphologies on kpc scales for three of the sources. One source, UDS 47.0, displays apparent substructure but this is also consistent with a smooth morphology, as indicated by simulations showing that smooth exponential disks can appear clumpy when observed at high angular resolution (0 . (cid:48)(cid:48) 03) and depth of these observations ( σ 345 GHz ∼ 27 − 47 µ Jy beam − 1 ). The four SMGs are bright [C II ] emitters, and we extract [C II ] spectra from the high resolution data, and recover ∼ 20 − 100 % of the [C II ] flux and ∼ 40 − 80 % of the dust continuum emission, compared to the previous lower resolution observations. When tapered to 0 . (cid:48)(cid:48) 2 resolution our maps recover ∼ 80 − 100 % of the continuum emission, indicating that ∼ 60 % of the emission is resolved out on ∼ 200 pc scales. We find that the [C II ] emission in high-redshift galaxies is more spatially extended than the rest-frame 160 µ m dust continuum by a factor of 1 . 6 ± 0 . 4 . By considering the L [CII] / L FIR ratio as a function of the star-formation rate surface density ( Σ SFR ) we revisit the [C II ] deficit, and suggest that the decline in the L [CII] / L FIR ratio as a function of Σ SFR is consistent with local processes. We also explore the physical drivers that may be responsible for these trends and can give rise to the properties found in the densest regions of SMGs.


In this paper, the interleaved DC-DC buck converter using DTMOS-Dynamic Threshold voltage MOSFET-switching device is proposed. The proposed circuit is evaluated and compared with CMOS switch by both circuit simulation and device simulation. The proposed circuit is simulated by HSPICE with a Dongbu CMOS 0.13um process parameter.


The present invention relates to novel antifungal agents of formula (I) is a benzene derivative substituted bicyclic -4H- 5,6-dihydro-pyrrolo [1,2-a] [1,4] benzodiazepine? and 6H- pyrrolo [1,2-a] [1,4] benzodiazepine?, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 have the meaning as defined in the claims. The compounds of the present invention is primarily active against dermatophytes and systemic fungal infections. The present invention further relates to such novel compounds, method for preparing a pharmaceutical composition containing as an active ingredient the compounds and use of said compounds as a medicament.


Since its description in 1969, clinical studies have shown the effectiveness of the Chrisman-Snook procedure for recurrent lateral ankle instability,':" Critiques of this technique have focused on the nonanatomic configuration as well as the inherent restriction of subtalar motion. Modifications of the original technique have used a more anatomic approach with an oblique fibular tunnel through the origins of the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments. 2 Colville et al." have demonstrated near-isometric graft placement using this technique. A more recent study" reemphasized the motion lost with the Chrisman-Snook tenodesis and has advocated this procedure as the method of choice only for combined ankle and subtalar instability. In addition to using an oblique fibular tunnel, the senior author (M.S.M.) has made several modifications that have simplified the technique without compromising its effectiveness." Through a relatively smaller incision, this approach allows secure fixation of the graft to the lateral wall of the calcaneus and avoids the need to pull the remaining tendon back to the fibula. For 14 years we have used the modification described below in patients with subtalar instability or generalized ligamentous laxity, in the heavy-weight athlete, and in patients who have failed a modified Brostrom repair.


There are two phases in the course of building the object-oriented model of measurement system.which are analyzing phase and design phase.Based on object-oriented analyzing model of measurement system,how to design and realize the object-oriented model of measurement system were discussed in detail in the paper.The object-oriented model of measurement system discussed in the paper has been used direetly on universal test system of missiles,which was de- veloped in Rational ROSE tool.And better effect was obtained in utilizing object-oriented model of measurement system on universal test system of missiles.


The aim of the present study was to explore the phytochemical screening and in vitro anthelmintic activity of Zaleya decandra (L). Extract of Zaleya decandra was taken for anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworm Pheretima posthuma.Various concentrations of aqueous extract was evaluated (20, 30, 40,50mg/ml). Albendazole drug was used as standard drug. Albendazole causes death of the parasite. The results were expressed in terms of time taken for paralysis as well as death of Pheretima posthuma. At 50mg/ml the extract exhibited maximum potential when compared to albendazole. SRISHAILAM.M, SURESH KASALA, VEENA.P, SANTOSHA.D, RAMANJANEYULU.K, HIMABINDHU.J Department of Pharmacognosy, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Vishnupur, Medak dist, Telangana, India. Submission: 3 October 2016 Accepted: 9 October 2016 Published: 25 October 2016 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: SURESH KASALA et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 7 (3): 174-180. 175 INTRODUCTION The plant Zaleya decandra is commonly called as Purslane (English) belongs to family aizoaceae. It is an annual branched, succulent herb in India [1]. The complete morphological and taxonomical description of the plant Zaleya decandra given by [2].It is cultivated in open places [3]. Zaleya decandra and its species are used for antidiabetic [4], anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant and diuretic. Medicinal plants are a source of great economic value in Indian continent. Nature is an important source of medicines. Medicinal plants constitute main sources of pharmaceuticals and health care products and nutraceuticals. Many ancient nations awakened to the importance of herbal medicine which brings more cures[5].The use of medicinal plants is to treat and prevention of many health problems such as edema, diarrhea, malaria and bacterial and viral infections and also used to maintain good health[6]. Medicinal plants are playing an important role in the growth and development of mankind. Herbal drugs have been used in traditional systems of medicines, since immemorial in different parts of the world. The medicinal plants provide cost effective, easily available alternative medicines with least or no side effects [7]. Helminthic infections are large threat to human beings health in developing countries and developed countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) reveals that over two people are suffering from parasitic infections due to worms [8]. Intestinal infections with worms can more easily treat than those infections that occur in other locations in the body [9]. In ethnomedicine, at least 80% of the world's population in developing countries uses plant materials as their source of primary health care [10]. Earthworms have been used widely for the initial evaluation of anthelmintic compound in vitro [11-14]. www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: SURESH KASALA et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 7 (3): 174-180. 176 MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant collection and identification The leaves of Zaleya decandra were collected in the month of June from Narsapur, Medak Dist. of Telangana, India. The plant was authenticated by D.Venkateshwara Rao, Deputy Director, Telangana. Forest Academy, Dullapally, Hyderabad,Rangareddy District.


Urban fringe is a special area which greatly affected by various elements in the urban ex- pansion and urbanization. In the course of urban expansion, the development of urban fringe is an im- portant step. This paper, by discussing the range of urban fringe based on China's current situations, ana- lyzes the urban fringe development of Tianjin which focuses on the planning, design, control and guidance of different groups in the central city and urban fringe.


With the advent of sildenafil many physicians have become, either knowingly or unwittingly, members of both the 'lifestyle drug' and 'sexual medicine' clubs. At least in the context of the latter, there are constraints, insofar as it is only acceptable to 'normalise' sexual activity or to rectify an imbalance; normal erectile function can be restored effectively using the hydraulic system re-activators, i.e. phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. The drugs are not approved for other situations. The same may not be true for the former context, however.


Simultaneous pickup method of 3D objects both in real and virtual fields is proposed and demonstrated. A 3D object is relayed into the space covering the real and virtual fields of a pinhole array or a lens array and captured at the focal plane. The captured image is reconstructed as 3D images spanning from the virtual to the real fields by the 3D/2D convertible integral imaging system.


Background and objectivesTo estimate the presynaptic function of the central dopaminergic system, the rate of endogenous dopamine synthesis has been measured by using L-[&bgr;-11C]DOPA or 6-[18F]fluoro-L-DOPA with positron emission tomography. However, the regional kinetics of L-[&bgr;-11C]DOPA in human brain have not been investigated in detail. In the present study, the regional kinetics of L-[&bgr;-11C]DOPA in normal human brain and the accuracy of the method for quantifying L-[&bgr;-11C]DOPA kinetics, employing reference regions, were investigated. MethodsAfter intravenous injection of L-[&bgr;-11C]DOPA, dynamic scanning was performed on ten healthy subjects for 89 min. The overall uptake rate constant K was calculated by the kinetic and graphical approaches, in which the occipital cortex was used as a reference brain region. ResultsRegional distribution of K was similar to those of dopamine D2 receptor. A significant negative correlation was observed between the neutral amino acid concentration in plasma and the influx rate constant through the blood–brain barrier (K1). The K values calculated by graphical approach were in good agreement with the values calculated by kinetic approach for both experimental and simulated data. ConclusionsThe regional distribution of K corresponds to that of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic system. Negative correlation between neutral amino acid concentration and K1 supports the suggestion that L-DOPA is transported in a competitive fashion via the same carrier system as neutral amino acids at the blood–brain barrier. Because the graphical approach can obviate the need for an arterial input function, it is useful for investigating the rate of regional dopamine synthesis in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.


In electronically phase-separated Pr0.7Pb0.3MnO3 single crystals, current effects have been investigated systematically by combining voltage-current and specific-heat measurements. Below the metal-insulator transition temperature, the resistance increased with current at first, then decreased when the current was above a threshold value. The critical current deceased with increasing temperature and could be modulated dramatically by applying a magnetic field. By combining heat measurements, we found that Joule heat effects seem not able to be completely responsible for the nonlinear current effects. Self-optimized conducting channels or phase separation induced by the current were proposed to be other possible underlying physical processes.


SUMMARY: Forty-seven cultures of yeasts, isolated from 47 packs of spoiled acetic acid preserves including 11 varieties and originating from nineteen manufacturers, have been identified according to the system of Lodder & Kreger-van Rij. Forty-three cultures had the characteristics of Saccharomyces acidifaciens and four those of Pichia membranaefaciens.


Thinned, backside-illuminated, p-channel CCD images are under development which can exploit the surface potential in VUV applications, yielding enhanced quantum efficiency to wavelengths as short as 1100 A. The current goal is production of large-format, 5-micron pixel imagers for spectrographic and imaging VUV spaceflight experiments. Model predictions of the effect of device design on quantum efficiency, well capacity, and crosstalk are presented for such 5-micron-approaching pixel sizes.


A chiral pool synthesis of (–)-frontalin has been achieved in a ten step sequence and 17% overall yield from α-D-isosaccharino-lactone.


The widespread utilisation of grid-integrated wind electricity necessitates accurate and reliable wind speed forecasting to ensure stable grid and quality power. Machine learning algorithm based wind speed forecasting models are getting increased attention in the literature owing to its superior ability to learn by effectively capturing the changing patterns from the data. Most of the reported wind forecasting models built on machine learning algorithms are location specific and tested against data adjacent to the training data. In this work, we develop the machine learning based wind speed forecasting models and analyse their performance when applied to data from different cross- locations up to a year ahead. Two distinct machine learning models based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms have been developed and tested separately for a relatively large geographical area. The results of analysis of 1-hour forecasts obtained at various cross-locations and points of time up to a year ahead show 80% of predictions within a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 1.5 m/s, 95% within 2.5 m/s and 98% within an RMSEof 3.5 m/s. The 75% of 2-hour predictions are within RMSE of 1.5 m/s, 16-hour predictions within RMSE of 2.5 m / s and 48-hour predictions within RMSE of 3.5 m/s. When applied to thesame location of training data, the models generate reliable forecasts for periods up to 22 hours, with the added advantage that the models perform consistently throughout the year ahead horizon, independent of the lead time from the training data. The output of the analysis is highly promising to the wind energy industry in wind forecasting for locations where historical wind speed data are not available for model building and training.


In this study, framed within a sociocultural theory of mind, we explore the role of languaging in mediating between students' understanding of a grammatical concept and their written production of the forms related to that concept. The development of scientific concepts, in this case of the concept of voice in French, involves the use of language to mediate awareness and understanding of it, a process we call languaging. Using Vygotsky's distinction between scientific and spontaneous (everyday) concepts, we demonstrate the development of the grammatical concept of voice in French in which our two university-level participants progressed from no knowledge of voice to an emergent knowledge through languaging about a series of cards containing an explanation of the concept. The nature of this emergent knowledge was highlighted by the discrepancy in performance between written and oral modes of testing. Implications for teaching and testing are reviewed.


A procedure is established for determination of the most representative residential subdivision in a group of randomly selected subdivisions described by N physical characteristic measures. The procedure allows an electric utility company to use a single subdivision for their annual estimated cost differential between underground and overhead power distribution to new subdivisions. In the context of this procedure, the term most representative refers to the tendency of the selected subdivision to exhibit central values for the characteristic measures used to describe the subdivisions, as well as to the degree to which the underground versus overhead cost differential for the selected subdivision corresponds to the mean cost differential for the group of subdivisions considered. The methodology developed involves regression and correlation analyses of the relationships between the physical characteristics and the cost differentials for all the subdivisions under study as well as definition of quadratic measures of atypicality for each subdivision. The reliability of the process is established using the chi-square distribution of the atypicality measure. Data provided by a particular electric power company are analyzed, and experienced with the procedure are reported.


This paper suggests guidelines designed for use by speech communication teachers in assessing the competency of their students. The author proposes four kinds of evaluation of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning (three types of learning essential for the speech communication classroom): placement, formative, diagnostic, and summative. Be emphasizes the development of precise and specific written instructional objectives to facilitate the achievement of learning goals and lists what these objectives should stipulate. Each evaluative function-is defined, and a summarized overview-of alternatives to-the gradingisystem-is included. The author also provides criteria. .for the selection of the best method of evaluation for different types of learning. (LG) U.S, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED FXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS or VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLIO( FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY VETHODS D PI !f OF P AND POST -.1CATION


The paper put forward the opinion on the value of the combination between speech training and humanistic spirit.It elaborated five content: firstly,to explore the humanistic connotation of text language and cause students to feel the healthy humanistic consciousness;secondly,to experience humanistic emotions and make students form a lofty humanistic quality;thirdly,to grasp humanistic concept and help students accumulate a variety of humanistic quality;fourthly,to discuss the humanistic concept and help students have a lofty humanistic temperament;fifthly,to combine life experiences and lead students to set up a correct outlook of life.


The spatial distribution of the absolute density of CFx (x=1–3) radicals and their translational temperatures in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma generated from a tetrafluorocarbon (C4F8) gas were examined using infrared diode-laser absorption spectroscopy (IRLAS) without a multiple reflection cell, namely, single-path IRLAS. Furthermore, we have developed a method of measuring CF and CF2 radical densities using single-path IRLAS combined with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy. This method enables us to measure the spatial distribution of absolute radical densities with high accuracy, because of the IRLAS infrared laser beam and the LIF ultraviolet laser beam having identical paths. Under all the conditions studied, a spatially hollow distribution of the CF2 radical density is formed; the CF2 radical density in the vicinity of the chamber wall is much higher than that in the plasma. However, the spatial distribution of the CF radical density differs greatly from that of the CF2 rad...


When an approaching crossroad is detected on a target route, the method and apparatus of the invention determine if the relevant turn signal is operated before the crossroad, as well as informing the driver of the crossroad. According to the invention, if the relevant turn signal is not operated, routes different from the target route are calculated before the vehicle arrives at the crossroad, and if the vehicle does not follow the target route at the crossroad, the target route is changed according to the vehicle position.


Plants are protected from phytopathogenic fungi by treating the seed with 2-anilino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine. Cereal seed, such as wheat barley and rye, may be treated in particular.


In this paper, we consider a multiple regression model in the presence of serial correlation and heteroscedasticity. We establish the convergence rate of an efficient estimation of autoregressive coefficients suggested by Harvey and Robison (1988). We propose a method to identify order of serial correlation data and prove that it is of strong consistency. The simulation reports show that the method of identifying order is available.


A defect detection and measurement method was proposed for detecting dots and cracks on the surface of strip steel.The method includes the following steps: first,the digital image of the sample is filtered,binarized,thinned and deburred;then dot detection is conducted to the binary image and crack detection to the skeleton image;finally,after computation is made within the defect area,the number and area of dots and the number,length and direction of cracks are obtained.Test results proved the effectiveness of this method in detecting and measuring strip steel defects.


By using the nano-materials,fly ash,cement and other raw materials,and takes shape under the nature conservancy as the holes inside are filled with polystyrene foam,Which formed the nano fly sandwintch insulation block.This paper analyzes the influence of nano-materials SiO2 on forming,compressive strength,durability,insulation properties of nano-fly sandwintch insulation block,and proposes the conclusions and recommendations.


Purpose – It has been acknowledged that tourism can play a role in employment creation and in raising the rural community's standard of living. This paper aims to examine the economic benefits emanating from tourism development for a local community in the area of Kinabalu National Park, Sabah.Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative data was used to provide an in‐depth analysis of the findings on willingness of residents to participate in tourism activities.Findings – The local community of Kinabalu National Park perceive the tourism sector to have greatly contributed to their economic growth. However, the community has raised other issues in ensuring the sustainability of the park, especially in terms of the provision of facilities.Practical implications – The relevant stakeholders need to carefully plan appropriate policies and regulations to ensure maximum economic benefit is gained by local community participation in tourism development within the limited carrying capacity of Kinabalu National Park....


I write this editorial having just attended the successful 2006 annual conference in Edinburgh of the UK professional association known as the Institute of Field Archaeologists. Despite its name, the Institute's over 2000 members are drawn from a wide variety of cultural heritage and historic environment backgrounds (mostly in Britain), not just from those actively involved in mainstream archaeological fieldwork. This is reflected in the conference's extensive programme, ranging from sessions on finds-work to historic building recording, from rock-art studies to maritime archaeology, from ethnicity and identity in the context of Roman period Europe to the scientific analysis of collagen and strontium isotopes from early Bronze Age human remains, and from civil engineering perspectives to developments in digital applications. Something for virtually any archaeologist one might think. Delegate attendance at the conference, however, speaks volumes for the divide that exists within archaeology between academia on one side and those working within the state, local authority, and commercial sectors on the other. The latter dominated at the conference, with the number of academic archaeologists present from UK universities countable on the fingers of one hand. Although the conference took place at a university, it was sponsored by the state heritage agency in Scotland and by an insurance company specializing in financial coverage for archaeologists, not by the university itself. Would this situation be replicated elsewherein Europe? Asking such a question in an editorial is no longer necessarily an empty rhetorical exercise. Thanks to the new initiative from the Association's reviews team of Cornelius Holtorf and Troels Myrup Kristensen, there is now a web log facility on the EAA website (www.e-a-a.org) where comments can be posted and views exchanged. This News, Views and Reviews blog is available to all readers of the EJA and I hope it will become a natural and popular medium for posting comments on articles in the journal.


The effects of process variation keep on aggressively scaling the device dimens composed using domino logic structures are a c critical path of the microprocessors and the process variations on these could lead to func worst case scenario. Erroneous behaviour of ci to high and varying power consumption and expensive. To deal firmly with the adverse variations with the goal of reduced leakage keeper architecture has been proposed in this architecture adapts itself to the changing c circuit's performance metrics do not vary extreme process corners (SS to FF). Though th architecture incurs an area overhead of 16% tolerance and reduces power consumption by corner and by 32% at SS corner with respec designs. The reduction in the leakage curre contention are about 95% & 84% when com domino gate with footless scheme. All the sim performed at 45nm & 32nm technologies on logic circuits ranging from a 64:1 mult comparator circuitry at using BSIM 4v4.7 m EDA tool at an operating frequency of 1.2 GHz


The modified smoothed particle hydrodynamics method(MSPH) has obvious advantages on simulating the radiation effects of resin composite irradiated by laser,but the serial computation is difficult to meet the demand.In order to improve the computational efficiency of the serial MSPH program,the parallelization of the serial program was carried out by using the message passing interface(MPI) standard.The parallel computing results were compared with the serial computing results given by a personal computer,and the performances of the parallel program involving speed-up and efficiency are tested on a 5 teraflop computer cluster.Numerical calculations show that the parallel computing results are consistent with the serial computing results,thus obtaining a very good parallel performance.Therefore,the parallelization based on MPI is successful.


All bilateral relationships are embedded within a wider context, but nowhere is this context more important than in the North Korea China relationship. For North Korea (the DPRK), China has been a bulwark against the United States, and in earlier periods, a counterbalance to the Soviet Union. However, North Korea has always been wary of becoming too dependent on China and one reason, though obviously not the major one, for its desire to establish normal and even friendly, relations with the United States, and Japan, is to offset Chinese influence. For China also, the United States is the main focus of attention and the relationship with North Korea is important not so much in itself, but for its impact on China's relationship with the US and to a lesser extent with Japan (the fear that the nuclearisation of the DPRK will facilitate the remilitarisation and nuclearisation of Japan) and with South Korea. Although diplomatic relations between Beijing and Seoul have only been established for 15 years, there has been explosive growth in the economic relationship, with positive repercussions in political, sporting and cultural (eg Hallyu) linkages. China is inevitably embroiled in, and is perhaps the underlying target of, the US offensive against North Korea, and the Banco Delta Asia affair provides an illuminating example of that. The Six Party Talks framework provides a convenient way of analysing this context because not merely does it bring together the major ancillary players to the bilateral Beijing-Pyongyang relationship but its institutional existence * Senior Lecturer, School of Marketing and International Business, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, and Honorary Research Fellow, Political Economic Research Centre, University of Sheffield (UK). This is a revised version of a paper presented at the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences' International Conference on China and Korea: A New Nexus in East Asia?, held at Lingnan University, Hong Kong,30-31 May 2007. I am grateful to Dr. Graham Harrison, Co-Director of Sheffield University's Political Economy Research Centre, for providing me with facilities at PERC during the writing of this, and other papers in 2006-07. Thanks are also due to Ankie Hoogvelt for her comments on an earlier draft. My greatest debt is to Professor Brian Bridges both for inviting me to the Lingnan Korea conference and for encouraging me to produce this


The virus was isolated from the duck reproductive organ in a laying duck farm of Zhejiang Province.The isolated virus could attack laying duck easily,resulted in reduction of egg production,but not to die.This virus was identified as avian paramyxovirus type I and designated as strain YH99V.The duck was induced successfully to disease by animal regression test,and then recovered the same virus.The pathogenicity of YH99V was strengthened suddenly in SPF chick embryo of the 9th generation,and not present hemagglutination to chicken erythrocyte until the 11th generation.The titer of hemagglutination had a tendency to be stable after the 15th generation.The median lethal dose of chick embryo(ELD50)was 10-4.8.The virulence index of MDT were 112 h,and ICPI and IVPI were 0.225 and 0.41,respectively.The deduced amino acid sequence(residues 112-117)of F0 protein cleavage site in YH99V was Gly-Arg-Gln-Gly-Arg-Leu,and coincided with that of the attenuated strain.The results indicated that this isolated virus was the attenuated strain of Newcastle disease virus(NDV).


There is a significant difference between what a network application experiences as quality at network level, and what the user perceives as quality at application level. From the network point of view, applications require certain delay, bandwidth and packet loss bounds to be met – ideally zero delay and zero loss. However, users should not be directly concerned with network conditions, and furthermore they are usually neither able to measure nor predict them. Users only expect good application performance, i.e., a fast and reliable file transfer, high quality for voice or video transmission, and so on, depending on the application being used. This is true both in wired as well as wireless networks. In order to understand network application behavior, as well as the interaction between the application and the network, one must perform a delicate task – the one of correlating the Quality of Service (QoS), i.e., the degradation induced at network level (as a measure of what the application experiences), with the Quality of Experience (QoE), i.e., the degradation perceived by the user at application level (as a measure of the user-perceived quality) (Ivanovici, 2006). This is done by simultaneously measuring the QoS degradation and the application QoE on an end-to-end basis. These measures must be then correlated by taking into account their temporal relationship. Assessing the correlation between QoE and QoS makes it possible to predict application performance given a known QoS degradation level, and to determine the QoS bounds that are required in order to attain a desired QoE level. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-680-3.ch015


A polydisperse system contains particles with at least one attribute $\sigma$ (such as particle size in colloids or chain length in polymers) which takes values in a continuous range. It therefore has an infinite number of conserved densities, described by a density {\em distribution} $\rho(\sigma)$. The free energy depends on all details of $\rho(\sigma)$, making the analysis of phase equilibria in such systems intractable. However, in many (especially mean-field) models the {\em excess} free energy only depends on a finite number of (generalized) moments of $\rho(\sigma)$; we call these models truncatable. We show, for these models, how to derive approximate expressions for the {\em total} free energy which only depend on such moment densities. Our treatment unifies and explores in detail two recent separate proposals by the authors for the construction of such moment free energies. We show that even though the moment free energy only depends on a finite number of density variables, it gives the same spinodals and critical points as the original free energy and also correctly locates the onset of phase coexistence. Results from the moment free energy for the coexistence of two or more phases occupying comparable volumes are only approximate, but can be refined arbitrarily by retaining additional moment densities. Applications to Flory-Huggins theory for length-polydisperse homopolymers, and for chemically polydisperse copolymers, show that the moment free energy approach is computationally robust and gives new geometrical insights into the thermodynamics of polydispersity.


A microcapsule core-shell in which: - the shell of the microcapsule is free of formaldehyde and is made of starting materials such that the 50% -100% by weight of such materials has an equal or lower density 1 05 g / cm3; - the core of the microcapsule contains a fragrance composition, the composition comprising: a) 20% -100% by weight of at least one cyclic fragrance material with a greater than 0.950 g / cm3 density and a ClogP in the range of from 1.00 to 6.00; b) 0% -50% by weight of at least one oil soluble organic compound having a higher than 0.950 g / cm3 density; c) 0% -80% by weight of at least one material selected fragrance ingredients cyclic or equal densities below 0.950 g / cm3 and fragrance ingredients noncyclic densities that may be greater or less than 0.950 g / cm3 ; wherein the sum of a), b) and c) equals 100%, wherein the weight ratio of core materials with respect to materials of the bark is in the range of 50: 1 to 1: 1; and wherein said starting materials comprise at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight of (meth) acrylic acid and / or (meth) acrylates.


What, if anything, grounds the right of national defense? This essay explicates and defends a consequentialist answer to that question. After explaining the relevance and importance of this project, I clarify the meaning of consequentialism and explain how consequentialists understand and justify rights, including the right of national defense. International law enshrines that right. After explaining why it is correct to do so and why that right should be upheld, I examine some issues that this right leaves unsettled and probe its moral limits. I then reply to several objections to a consequentialist approach to national defense, pursuing in particular the criticism that consequentialists cannot justify the Allies' having taken up defensive arms against the Axis powers in World War II.


Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a sophisticated material produced biotechnologically by different microorganisms, but most efficiently by acetic acid bacteria from the genera Gluconacetobacter. While chemically identical to plant cellulose, BNC is chemically pure. Each BNC nanofiber is a bundle of cellulose nanofibrils. Due to their nano-size, these aggregates of extended cellulose chains have a rather large surface area. The unique properties of BNC account for an extraordinary physico-chemical and mechanical behaviour. For industrial applications, hydrocolloidal microcrystalline cellulose from vegetable sources is widely used to regulate the texture, rheology, stability and organoleptic properties of the formulations [1]. Several studies are being carried out to investigate the technological role of BNC. Preliminary results already showed that BNC is technically superior to these vegetable celluloses, and can outperform plant celluloses in several applications within the food industry. As a novel hydrocolloid, BNC presents important features such as the stabilization of heterogeneous systems (air-liquid, solid-liquid and liquidliquid): it is able to stabilize aerogels, increasing the incorporation of air in the liquid matrix (overrun), so it can be used as an additive in ice cream, smoothies and whipped cream; it can stabilize solid particles in a liquid matrix (e.g. cocoa particles in chocolate milk); BNC also stabilizes of oil-in-water emulsions, in spoonable and pourable dressings, without the need to add any other emulsifying agents. Likewise, the stabilizing/thickening properties of BNC offer a similarly huge potential for application in the field of cosmetics. Regarding these exceptional functional properties, the effect of BNC was also assessed in a generic cosmetic cream (oil in water emulsion with other basic cosmetic ingredients), and compared to the effect of other commonly used additives in cosmetic formulations [2]. BNC can be used to stabilize active compound particles and oil droplets, as well as improving texture and other sensorial properties. Moreover, it may allow to reformulate the percentage of surfactants used on a liquid matrix without changing the rheological properties. The incorporation of BNC in replacement of other polymers in food and cosmetics may bring environmental and economic advantages and reduce the use of plant cellulose and their (synthetic) derivatives in the above-mentioned applications.


Low temperature (300 °C) deposition of thin microcrystalline/amorphous silicon films by using newly developed single shower, dual injection, microwave excited high density plasma (1011 cm-3) system is described. This is an original setup based on an experimental modification of a dual shower system that was reported by us earlier. For the first time, for this system, experimental results are presented correlating between the deposition and plasma parameters with the resulting Si films atomic structure. The results consistent interdependence enables to pre-determine, in a wide range, by design, the growth of microcrystalline or amorphous thin Si films, by setting the proper deposition conditions for each film type.


We show how it is possible to develop a system to improve management of distribution grid assets using AMI. In particular, we demonstrate how distribution transformers can be monitored and therefore, managed, even when there are no direct communication channels between the transformers and the asset management system. As an example, using smart meter interval load measurements, load and aging of oil-immersed distribution transformers is estimated with high-temporal resolution, being limited only by the smart meter measurement interval.


Viscoelastic stress modeling in ageing cementitious materials is of major importance in high performance concrete of low water cement ratio (e.g. w/c ~0.35) where crack resistance due to deformation restraint needs to be determined. Total stress analysis is complicated by the occurrence of internal stresses due to shrinkage, which requires estimating the stress relaxation effect from tensile creep. This study presents a new and direct methodology for viscoelastic stress analysis based on measurement of the viscoelastic hydration modulus. Autogenous shrinkage, if restrained, creates an internal tensile stress condition which is uniform within a cross section. Autogenous shrinkage stresses develop within the porous hydration products. They are compressive stresses and if restrained by reinforcement a net tensile stress develops. Results show that the viscoelastic hydration modulus is approximately 8000-9000 MPa and is a constant material property. Total stress analysis can now be separated into two components, an elastic stress based on the Young's modulus (typically in the range of 28000-34000 MPa) and a viscoelastic (time-dependent) stress based on measurement of timedependent strains (creep and shrinkage). The importance of reducing paste content for shrinkage stress control is demonstrated using the Pickett's model.


This contribution summarizes recent progress in superconducting properties of binary molybdenum-rhenium alloys, focusing mainly on novel physics and possible electronic applications in emerging quantum technologies. We present results of our tunneling and point-contact measurements proving the two-band/two-gap nature of the Mo-Re compounds and propose to apply complementary measurements of current fluctuations to refine the data obtained by differential conductance spectra and other techniques.


PURPOSE: To deliver a pressure adjusting gas directly in a clamping member and a staple member without loss of energy by providing a clamping piston to clamp a tissue between a driver and a staple surface and a driving piston for the driver. CONSTITUTION: A staple 202 is positioned in a pocket formed in a staple cartridge 112 wherein legs of the staple are oriented to a fixed jaw 204. Behind the staple cartridge 112, there is a staple pusher 210, behind which a driving piston 214 is positioned. The driving piston is positioned within a clamping piston 220 and sealed against an air pressure by means of two O-rings 216 and 218. The clamping piston 220 is sealed within a piston housing 230 by means of two O-rings 222, and 224. Ports 226 and 228 passing through the clamping piston are present between the O-rings. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


With the advent of the COVID pandemic, teaching and learning moved online and synchronous and asynchronous modes of education became more commonplace. Yet, in such a scenario, the role played by learners becomes even more vital, since they need to become more dependent on themselves as they adapt to the online learning. In the light of this, the study aimed to explore the relationships between synchronous and asynchronous learning and SDL that became more prevalent during and after the pandemic. The study used a quantitative research methodology that included de-scriptive quantitative statistics, comprising a 39-item survey. The statistical assumptions for all variables were examined by means of applying four competing struc-tural equation models (SEM) to explain associations between remote teaching and learning ("RTL") and SDL ("SDL") and also to find one model that best explained these relationships. A parametric correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient) was used to examine statistical relationships between variables. The study's findings reveal a significant relationship between the independent variables of synchronous and asynchronous learning methods and the dependent variables related to students SDL skills, i.e., self-management, self-monitoring and motivation. etc. In the light of this, the researchers rec-ommend that students continue studying online for some of their key courses, even after returning to normal, to improve their SDL skills.


Personalization especially in the domain of information retrieval is essentially important, as users might pose the same query even when they are searching for different information. It is thus necessary to create a retrieval engine which takes into consideration the dynamic information needs of different users. This paper presents our personalized news video retrieval engine, which exploits the individual userpsilas previous browsing history to customize and enhance their future search results. Specifically, the system utilizes the news topic hierarchy, a hierarchical news topic structure derived from unsupervised clustering on the news video corpus and event entities from news video and online news articles. We then dynamically project userpsilas browsing history onto this topic hierarchy to provide the basis for re-ranking relevant news videos. This system is tested on one month of TRECVID 2006 dataset consisting of 80 hours news video and found to return results in a more intuitive and personalized manner.


Background: Eptinezumab is approved in the US for the preventive treatment of migraine and was well tolerated in double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in patients with episodic and chronic migraine (CM). The PREVAIL study evaluated the long-term safety, immunogenicity, and impact on patient-reported outcomes of repeat doses of eptinezumab in patients with CM. Methods: PREVAIL was an open-label, phase 3 trial comprising two 48-week treatment phases. Adults with CM received eptinezumab 300 mg by 30-minute IV every 12 weeks for ≤8 doses, with patients followed up to week 104. Results: 128 adults (mean age, 41.5y) with CM were treated. Over 2 years, the most frequently reported treatment-emergent adverse events were nasopharyngitis (14.1%), upper respiratory tract infection (7.8%), sinusitis (7.8%), influenza (6.3%), bronchitis (5.5%), and migraine (5.5%). Study-drug discontinuation due to adverse events was 6.3%. Anti-eptinezumab antibody incidence peaked at week 24 and declined despite continued dosing, to nondetectable levels at week 104. Patient-reported outcomes were improved at first assessment (week 4) and generally sustained through week 104. Conclusions: In adults with CM, eptinezumab 300 mg demonstrated a favorable safety profile, limited long-term immunogenicity, early and sustained reductions in migraine-related burden, and improvements in health-related quality of life over 2 years.


The objective of the present paper is to optimize the machining parameters for turning of EN8steel on lathe machine using a combination of Taguchi and Grey Relational Analysis to yield minimum cutting forces and surface roughness. The process parameters such as rotational speed, feed, depth of cut and cutting fluid have been selected. In this study, the experiments were carried out as per Taguchi experimental design and L9 orthogonal array was used. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also used to find out the most influence of processing parameters on the responses. The regression equations were also established between the process parameters and responses. The results indicate that the depth of cut is the most significant factor affecting the cutting force and surface roughness followed by a feed, speed and cutting fluid.


With synoptic charts and meteorological factors, the relationships between air pollution processes and weather systems as well as meteorological factors were analyzed by statistical methods for ten typical air pollution processes during 2002-2004 in Guangzhou. On the base of the statistical analysis, the relationships were obtained and some of them were quasi-quantitatively analyzed. The synoptic indexes and weather types of air pollution processes in Guangzhou were established.


This thesis is conceptually divided into two parts. The first and main part concerns
the generation of gravitational radiation that is emitted from merging black-hole
binary systems using Numerical Relativity methods. The second part presents
the methodology of the search for gravitational-wave bursts that are emitted in
core-collapse Supernovae.
My approach to Numerical Relativity is to utilise the late-time gravitational
radiation of merging binary black holes to extract key astrophysical parameters
from such systems via standard parameter estimation techniques. I begin with
an introductory chapter that outlines the standard theories of stationary and
perturbed black holes. In addition, up-to-date techniques in performing binary
black hole simulations, the current and near-future status of the global network
of gravitational-wave detectors, as well as the most promising gravitational-wave
sources. I conclude the chapter with elements on parameter estimation techniques,
such as Bayesian analysis and the Fisher information matrix. In Chapter 2, I discuss
detection issues and parameter estimation results from the late-time radiation
of colliding non-spinning black holes in quasi-circular orbits, and propose a practical
test of General Relativity, as well as of the nature of the merged compact
object. Chapter 3 involves similar parameter extraction calculations, but involves
a more realistic approach, whereby the effect of the various angular parameters
on parameter estimation is considered, placing an emphasis on the actual science
benefit from measuring the gravitational radiation from perturbed intermediate
and supermassive black holes. In Chapter 4 we present the results of an extensive
Numerical Relativity study of merging spinning black hole binaries and argue that
the mass ratio and individual spins of a non-precessing progenitor binary can be
measured solely by observing the late-time radiation.
Chapter 5 presents the methodology in carrying out searches for gravitationalwave
bursts (GWB) from core-collapse Supernovae with a dedicated for GWB
searches pipeline (X-Pipeline) and presents the sensitivity performance of XPipeline
in detecting GWBs associated with certain Supernova candidates during
the two most recent LIGO-Virgo-GEO Science Runs.


Fixative TF-234B is used to reactive dyeing of cotton fabric with high fastness.The factors affecting the fixation effect are discussed and optimized.That is TF-234B 3%(omf),fixing at 50 ℃ for 20 min,liquor ratio 1:10,curing at 160 ℃,NH4Cl 15 g/L.The finished fabric features high color fastness to washing,perspiration,dry rubbing and hot water of 4~5 grade,color fastness to wet rubbing of 3 grade.The change of bursting strength is very small,and formaldehyde content is less than 20 mg/kg.


ABSTRACT Agroecology is a transdisciplinary approach focused initially on agroecosystems and then on broader agro-food systems, which responds to the growing problems arising from an increasingly globalized and industrialized agro-food system. Given that these problems are not homogeneously distributed worldwide, the emergence of agroecology could not be homogenous either. In fact, it is linked to regions, such as Latin America, which have suffered early and serious socio-environmental problems caused by industrialized agriculture. This explains why agroecology in Europe emerged first in Andalusia where, owing to a series of circumstances, there was a certain similarity with social processes unraveling in Latin America. The first part of the paper provides an account of the emergence of agroecology in Andalusia (and Spain), offering explanations about the context that made it possible and the actors involved. It also justifies the strong social and political content that agroecology had in Andalusia from the very beginning. This strong sociopolitical orientation made a very significant contribution to agroecological thought, becoming one of the fundamental pillars of its very definition as a scientific approach. The second section analyzes the circumstances that facilitated the realization of planned government action and sets out the consequences of its implementation. The final section draws certain conclusions about the specificity of agroecology in Andalusia and its contribution to the development of agroecological theory and practice on a global scale.


The development of a fraction textbook with an Ethnomathematics approach for the third-grade student of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) has an urgency to be implemented in fulfilling the alternative needs for learning mathematics textually and realistically. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of fraction material textbooks with an ethnomathematics approach in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. The population of the study was the third-grade students of MI Roudlotul Huda of Sekaran Gunungpati. The development model is carried out using the concept of development research according to Borg and Gall's 4D model. The sample of this study is using simple random sampling. Product trials were carried out in two class groups, namely IIIA as the experimental class and III B as the control class. The method of obtaining data used questionnaires, tests, and documentation. Then, the early step analysis of the data used the homogeneity and normality test. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using independent samples t-test and paired samples t-test. The product validation analysis results based on the material aspects state that the fraction textbooks with an ethnomathematics approach are suitable to use with a percentage of 75.8% and 75.8% from the material aspect. Meanwhile, response to textbook products in the attractive category obtained a percentage of 89%.


The Internet of Things (or IoT for short) [1] refers to uniquely identifiable objects and their virtual representations in an Internet-like structure. Nowadays, the IoT has become to the National Strategic. The basic technology of IoT is growing fast. A comprehensive real-time location system that used to tracking object in time is becoming more and more important. In this paper, a new RFID localization with passive UHF RFID-tags is presented. It is shown how persons of devices that are equipped with a RFID tag and can be tracked. The method is based on fingerprint and phase. We will find the position of the target object by two steps. First, we will calculate the first-order sub-region using SVM algorithm. Then using Dempster-Shafer theory with phase in different frequency will give us a more accurate position.


Typical PM emission-factor studies for dairies and feedyards have involved measuring ground-level concentration as close to the plume centerline as weather predictions permit, followed by dispersion modeling using a single-valued emission factor to match the 24-hour average concentration. Using AERMOD as our dispersion-modeling platform, we confirm that the 24-hour average emission factor cannot reproduce the hourly average concentrations throughout the day and vastly underpredicts the magnitude of the evening dust peak. Moreover, matching a single concentration measurement near the plume centerline is not as rigorous a dispersion-modeling test as attempting to match an entire transverse cross-section of the plume along the downwind boundary.


Introduction: Job burnout is one of the most inevitable consequences of job stress and decreased patient care quality is one of the worst consequences of nursing job. This study was performed to assess the degree of job burnout and its relation with the general health of nurses working in hospitals of Abadan and Khoramshahr in 2012 Materials & Methods: This was a crosssectional and correlational-descriptive study performed on 114 nurses working in hospitals of Abadan and Khoramshahr in 2012. The instruments for data collection included Moslach Burnout Inventory (MBI Q), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). After data collection, descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used by SPSS software


The structure of solvated cadmium(II) ion and the tetrathiocyanatocadmate(II) complex in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) has been determined by means of X-ray diffraction at 25 °C. The radial distribution curve for a cadmium(II) perchlorate DMF solution is well explained in terms of the presence of the octahedral [Cd(dmf)6]2+ complex with the Cd–O bond length of 229.6(4) pm, which is practically the same as that within [Cd(dmso)6]2+ in DMSO and [Cd(H2O)6]2+ in H2O. It is also found that the tetrathiocyanatocadmate(II) complex has a tetrahedral structure, [Cd(NCS)3(SCN)]2−, with three Cd–N and one Cd–S bonds, the distances being 223(2) and 257(2) pm, respectively. The coordination structure of the complex in DMF is different from that found in aqueous solution, [Cd(NCS)2(SCN)2]2−.


Micromachanical cantilevers are widely used in frequency-shift-based sensor of mass, force, and manetic field. And these cantilevers are easily miniaturized and allow for integration with electronics. Un- fortunately, we don't have a fully detailed understanding of their dynamics response at their micro and nano scale. There is a sur- pringly study grown rapidly into the dynamics response in micro and nano cnatilevers, to satisfy the demands of fundamental questions and practical needs. Recently, direct obervation of fano resonance from coupled cantilevers in arrays can greatly decrease the minimum detectable mass, thanks to an average ten-fold increase in Q factor of Fano peaks respect to Lorentzian ones. In this thesis, I demonstrate a method to study the shifts of Fano peaks. To implement this method, a signal generator is used to export a discrete exciting voltage up- rising slightly from a frequency below the resonace frequency to one up the resonance frequency. In the meanwhile, the Zurich Instrument is used to sweep and record a propriate gap of frequency in order to observe the shift of the Fano resonance. A program of Labview is performed, in which a structure controls the signal generator giving the discrete uprising voltage while the Zurich Instrument sweeps and records. After that, a new loop aumatically starts a new discrete volt- age following by a new sweep until reaching up the stop voltage which the program sets.


Turbulence is one of the most challenging problems of classical physics. With the emergence of super-computers, numerical experiments are now available, giving some insights in this fascinating subject. However, despite the rapidly growing computational power, simulations of realistic fully turbulent o ws in magnetohydrodynamics as well as in hydrodynamics will remain out of reach of foreseeable computers. Alternative approaches that mix numerical experiments and modelling strategies have thus been designed and applied with some success.


The Antarctic Peninsula (AP) is a steep, narrow, elongated mountain range, stretching ∼1500km from Drake's Passage in the north, to Ellsworth Land in the south. A number of ice shelves extend from both the west and east coast, and provide a stark contrast to the ∼2000m high mountains. The AP was the fastest warming region on Earth in the late 20 century. The disintegration of two east coast ice shelves, Larsen A and B, in 1995 and 2002 respectively, became a symbol for climate change in the Polar Regions. A proposed theory for ice shelf destabilisation is surface melting induced by föhn winds. The föhn winds which flow down the eastern slopes of the AP, are a feature of the interaction of the steep mountain range with the prevailing circumpolar westerlies. This work uses near-surface observations and numerical simulations to study the impacts of the föhn winds on the surface energy balance and surface melt across the Larsen C ice shelf.


The authors consider several properties of the 'backbone' of percolation clusters. The percolation model on a graph G is defined as follows. Each element (vertex or edge) of G is either 'open' or 'closed', the element e being open with probability pe independently of all other elements. The u-v backbone in any configuration is the subgraph consisting of all elements which belong to at least one open, self-avoiding, path from a vertex u to a vertex v. They show that the expected value of any u-v backbone random variable Z, which depends only on the elements of the u-v backbone (e.g. Z may be the number of edges or the length of the shortest path of the backbone) is given by E(Z)= Sigma K contained in P(-1)mod K mod +1ZK Pi e in g(K)Pe where P is the set of all self-avoiding paths from u to v on G, g(K) is the subgraph formed by all elements which belong to at least one self-avoiding path of K and the weightZK is given by ZK= Sigma J contained in K(-1)mod Jmod +1 ZJ where ZJ is the value of Z when the backbone is g(J). Certain 'reciprocal' relations are found to hold between the weights and the backbone variables in some important cases. Using these results, series expansions for the various properties can be obtained.


\textit{Formigrams} are a natural generalization of the notion of \textit{dendrograms}. This notion has recently been proposed as a signature for studying the evolution of clusters in dynamic datasets across different time scales. Although its formulation is set-theoretic, the notion of formigram is deeply related to certain algebraic-topological methods used in \textit{topological data analysis}, such as \textit{Reeb graphs} and \textit{zigzag persistence modules}. In this paper we give a self-contained study of the algebraic structure of formigrams and their interleaving distance. For a finite set $X$, we define a partial order on the collection of all formigrams and we show that every formigram over $X$ has a canonical decomposition into a join of simpler formigrams. This is analogous to the decomposition of persistence modules into direct sums of interval modules. Furthermore, we show that the interleaving distance between formigrams decomposes into a product metric of the interleaving distance between certain pre-cosheaves. This is analogous to the celebrated \textit{interleaving-bottleneck isometry theorem} for persistence modules.


A model of electrostatically actuated MEMS resonant sensor was considered.Based on the theory of safe basin,the dynamical pull-in instability caused by the DC bias voltage and the amplitude of AC voltage was discussed in detail.The thresholds of the system parameters at the happening of dynamical pull-in were obtained by using the Melnikov method.The 4th Runge-Kutta and the point mapping methods were employed to verify numerically the effect of the amplitude of AC voltage on the attraction basin of pull-in of the system.It is found that the increasing of DC bias voltage may cause the pull-in phenomena,and the increasing of AC voltage may induce pull-in instability of the structure.The delayed position feedback was applied to reduce the pull-in instability and the numerical results verify the effectiveness of the control approach.The results provide some potential reference to the design of electrostatically actuated resonant MEMS sensors.