Six types of treatment with different contents of urea,potassium dehydrogen phosphate and broad-leaved herbicide(75% tribenuron dry SC or 28% WP tribenuron-ylketone) were applied to the grassland of Elymus sibiricus cv.Chuancao No.2.The results showed that: the mixture affected the quality and quantity traits of root,stem,leaves,inflorescence and other components.The order of the coefficients of variation for stem was density of tillers eustipes diameter internode length stem diameter eustipes number of each tiller,and the difference among all treatments was very significant for the density of tillers,eustipes diameter,internode length,the length and width of leaf.The sequence of the coefficients of variation for inflorescence was inflorescence thickness inflorescence width spikelet number rate of fertile tiller inflorescence stalk length floret number inflorescence length.Those treatments significantly improved root depth,root distribution and biomass,and the coefficients of variation were 12.42%(P = 0.0006),29.98%(P0.0001),25.93%(P0.0001) for height,fresh forage yield and hay yield,respectively.The three types of treatments with 7500g/hm2 urea+300g/hm2 potassium dehydrogen phosphate+27g/hm2 75% tribenuron dry SC,7500g/hm2 urea+27g/hm2 75% tribenuron dry SC and 15000g/hm2 urea+300g/hm2 potassium dihydrogen phosphate+75g/hm2 28% WP sulfinpyrazone were beneficial to forage yield.And the other three types of treatment with 7500g/hm2 urea+300g/hm2 potassium dihydrogen phosphate+27g/hm2 75% tribenuron dry SC,7500g/hm2 urea+75g/hm2 28% WP sulfinpyrazone and 15000g/hm2 urea+300g/hm2 potassium dihydrogen phosphate+75g/hm2 28% WP sulfinpyrazone,seed production of E.sibiricus cv.Chuancao No.2 was significantly increased(P=0.0009).Among those treatments,the species of weed,the biomass of weed of per unit area,the rate of weed to total biomass was lower than those of the control.Overall,the mixed application of fertilizer and herbicides is worth applying widely,because of reducing the number of field operations and management costs,and achieving the dual effect of fertilizing and weeding.


The study on the genetic analysis of yield and quality traits in fine grained aromatic rice genotypes (ORYZA SATIVA L.) was undertaken at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during Kharif 2008 and 2009. Gene action and combining ability for morphological, milling and cooking quality characters were studied in a set of diallel crosses involving six parents. The genetic analysis revealed that for most of the morphological traits (days to 50 percent flowering, plant height, spikelets per panicle, spikelet sterility, grain yield and harvest index), milling traits (1000 grain weight of brown rice, 1000 grain weight of milled rice, kernel length, kernel breadth, length: breadth ratio, total rice recovery and head rice recovery) and cooking quality traits (water uptake ratio) both additive and dominance gene effects were involved with the predominance of non additive gene action. Additive gene action was more pronounced for characters like plant height, spikelet sterility, kernel length, length: breadth ratio, hulling percentage and alkali spreading value. Over dominance was observed for majority of traits except plant height, spikelet sterility, kernel length, length: breadth ratio, hulling percentage and alkali spreading value. Combining ability analysis indicated the significance of both general combing ability and specific combining ability effects. Punjab Basmati 2 was good general combiner for yield and its component traits while Pusa 1121 was good general combiner for milling and cooking quality traits. Among the crosses, Basmati 386/ Punjab Basmati 2 and Basmati 386/ Pusa 1121 were desirable for yield related traits while Punjab Basmati 2/ Pusa Basmati 1, Basmati 386/ Super Basmati, Basmati 370/ Pusa 1121 and Super Basmati/ Pusa 1121 were desirable for milling and cooking quality characters. Correlation studies revealed a negative association between yield and quality traits except for alkali spreading value. Generally, milling and cooking quality traits did not show any correlation.


The appropriation of the natural environment by man establishes strategies of spatial production and organization. This work aims to perform a multitemporal analysis of land use and land cover in the last two decades in Riachao das Neves County, considering the terrain attributes and the adequacy of environmental laws. The methodology adopts remote sensing and GIS techniques and field work. The data processing can be subdivided into the following steps: (a) multitemporal analysis of agricultural expansion, (b) protected areas mapping, and (c) identification of inappropriate use of protected areas. Multitemporal analysis using ALOS-PRISM sensor with high spatial resolution for 2008 and the Landsat imagery from 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008. The classification process was done by visual interpretation and checking of field work. Riachao das Neves has approximately 67% of the natural vegetation. There is an apparent geomorphological control on the production system. In the Depression and Valley areas, the land use is concentrated around the rivers by small farmers, mostly livestock farming, while in the Plateau areas the land use is dominated by large scale mechanized agriculture.


We report a study of the total ionization of CH_4 by electron impact and its dissociative ionization from the ^2T_2 channel. The calculation of the total ionization cross section uses the improved Binary-Encounter-Dipole model (iBED).(W. A Huo, Phys. Rev. A (submitted for publication).) The dipole Born cross section in the model is expressed in terms of a three-term representation and the optical oscillator strengths are taken from Backx and Van der Wiel.(C. Backx and M. J. Van der Wiel, I Phys. B 18) 3020 (1975). The nuclear dynamics for the dissociation of the ^2T_2 channel is studied using the statistical model. A search of the potential energy surface of the ^2T_2 state of CH_4^+ shows two minima, of C_2v and C_3v symmetries, in agreement with earlier calculations. ((a) K. Takeshita, J. Chem. Phys. 86), 329 (1987). (b) R. F. Frey and E. R. Davidson, J. Chem. Phys. 88, 1775 (1988). The dissociation of the CH_4^+ to CH_3^+ + H goes through a saddle point. Comparison with recent experimental data will be presented and the role of Jahn-Teller effect discussed.


Context: Routine chest radiographs are usually obtained from asymptomatic individuals during routine medical visits probably to detect the presence of occult disease. In sub-Saharan countries tuberculosis is endemic among young individuals; primary tuberculosis might be the most probable occult disease sought for. Aims: The aim was to determine the diagnostic yield and cost-effectiveness of routine chest radiography in an asymptomatic student population in Yaounde during registration at a university. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in a University-affiliated hospital in Yaounde, Cameroon. Materials and Methods: Postero-anterior (PA) chest radiographs were obtained from students during a routine medical visit before university admission. Radiographic results were coded as normal, minor, or major findings. The estimated cost per radiograph was that of the study setting at the time of the study. Statistical Analysis Used: Epi Info software version 3.3.2 of February 9 2005 (CDC Atlanta) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of 758 students enrolled, there were 280 males and 478 females (sex ratio 1:2). The mean age of the study population was 21 years (age range 15-33 years). All enrolled cases were asymptomatic. There were 739 normal radiographs (97.5%), while 19 radiographs (2.5 %) showed minor abnormalities. No major abnormality was seen. The estimated direct cost of all the radiographs obtained was 3,941,600 F CFA ($ 8,760). Conclusions: Routine chest radiography has a low diagnostic yield in asymptomatic students even in a setting where tuberculosis is endemic, and is therefore not cost-effective.


A 10-week-old white baby girl with a history of difficulty in breathing presented with stridor, tachypnea, wheezing, and increased work of breathing.


Compartment models have been used to describe the time evolution of a system undergoing reactions between populations in different compartments. The governing equations are a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. In recent years fractional order derivatives have been introduced in compartment models in an ad hoc way, replacing ordinary derivatives with fractional derivatives. This has been motivated by the utility of fractional derivatives in incorporating history effects, but the ad hoc inclusion can be problematic for flux balance. To overcome these problems we have derived fractional order compartment models from an underlying physical stochastic process. In general, our fractional compartment models differ from ad hoc fractional models and our derivation ensures that the fractional derivatives have a physical basis in our models. Some illustrative examples, drawn from epidemiology, pharmacokinetics, and in-host virus dynamics, are provided.


Tank 241-C-106 is one of twelve 100-series single-shell tanks (SSTs) located in the 241-C Tank Farm. The tank was constructed during 1943 and 1944 with a nominal capacity of 530,000 gal (approximately 2 million liters). The tank is underground, and is constructed as a cylindrical, reinforced concrete shell with a domed roof and a ''dished'' bottom. The interior of the tank contains a 75 ft (23 m) diameter liner constructed of mild steel, extending up the tank wall to a height of 18 ft (5.5 m). The concrete shell of tank 241-C-106 maintains the structural integrity of the steel liner by protecting it from soil loads. Tank 241-C-106 was placed in service in 1947 and received waste from various sources during its operation. The tank was declared inactive in 1979. In 1999, approximately 186,000 gal of liquid sludge were removed from the tank by past-practice sluicing to resolve a high-heat safety issue, leaving some free liquid, sludge, and a ''hard heel'' in the tank. Equipment installed for the recent sluicing retrieval or prior operations remains in the tank as well. The tank is considered sound (i.e., non-leaking) and ''partial interim isolated''. Tank 241-C-106 contains approximately 9 kgal of residual sludgemore » waste in the form of hardpan and broken solids. Based on successful retrievals completed at Savannah River and laboratory tests, oxalic acid has been chosen to mobilize this type of waste for retrieval. Oxalic acid will be added to the tank in 30,000 gallon increments. The soak time of the first acid addition is anticipated to be approximately two days. Subsequent acid additions will remain in the tank for up to one week. During the soak time, the acid will be gently agitated recirculated within the tank. All spent acid additions will be transferred to tank 241-AN-106 prior to each fresh acid addition. Several material compatibility assessments have been performed. The purpose of these evaluations were to ensure that appropriate materials are included within the design of the acid dissolution waste retrieval system to preclude premature equipment failure (new and existing) due to the acid solutions utilized in the waste retrieval process. These assessments focused on two transfer system safety-related components, the leak detectors, and the back flow pressure transmitters. Additionally, the assessment considered the new transfer pumps, the tank ventilation system, the flush system, and miscellaneous equipment down stream of the HEPA filters.« less


The book is written from a strength-based perspective, drawing on insights on the lived adverse childhood experiences of black children, and their families, of African and African-Caribbean descent...


The present paper is intended to propose pseudo-Runge-Kutta method (PRKM) which is quadratically invariant i. e. it preserves structural properties when the PRKM is applied to the Hamiltonian system of equations. We have inserted the area preserving character in the implicit pseudo-Runge-Kutta method and derived the sufficient conditions of symplecticness for the pseudo-Runge-Kutta method and thus developed a qualitative numerical method. These methods are best tuned to solve system of partial differential equations of Hamiltonian type. Though these methods are not self starting but the order of the truncation error is equivalent to its counterpart Runge-Kutta method. These methods can be used to solve numerically the dynamical system of equations of Hamiltonian type such that the Hamiltonian is preserved in the numerical solution. The derivation of sufficient conditions is based on differential forms.


Pyrolysis is a process of thermal decomposition in the absence of oxygen. Gasification occurs first and is accompanied by complete or partial oxidation. Pyrolysis can generate syngas at low temperatures. In this study, thermogravimetric analysis and a fluidized-bed reactor were used to conduct pyrolysis reaction experiments. The objective was to determine the characteristics of syngas produced by this process. The influence of K2CO3 catalyst on the syngas composition and reaction rate of pyrolysis was studied, and experimental values of the activation energy and pre-exponential were obtained and evaluated. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Most of the consumables used in the CMP (Chemical Mechanical Planarization) process are discarded because it is difficult to reuse them. Slurry accounts for most of the consumables,


Muscle fatigue can affect the absorption of impact forces during running which can increase the risk for running injuries. Conflicting results exist about the change of plantar pressure (PP) maxima. The study aimed to examine the influence of a standardised fatigue protocol on PP distribution of rearfoot strike runners considering possible test effects and leg asymmetries. 30 male runners volunteered in a laboratory test with repeated-measures after familiarization on the treadmill (11-15 km/h). Isokinetic fatigue protocol included ten sets of six concentric contractions (10 s set break, ω=60°/s). The first force maximum and the peak PP for three foot-regions were tested with an analysis of variance. The plantar flexors (PF) decreased to 52%-62% and the dorsiflexors (DF) to 35-41% of the isometric maximum strength. Maximum of PP under the heel and forefoot decreased to 8.3% and 5.9%, respectively. As hypothesized, the fatigue protocol reduced the performance of DF more intensely which resulted in a muscle imbalance indicating an increased injury-risk. Because of their greater muscle mass and function, PF are more fatigue-resistant during running. The reductions in pressure values may indicate a possible protective strategy to counteract injuries during muscle fatigue. For injury prevention, a strength training of the foot muscles with focus on DF is recommended in addition to running.


An aquous hot and cold aquous extracts and ethanolic extracts beside alkaloids fraction for Xanthium Spinosum L. have been prepared.Qualitative tests have been carried out for detection of their general chemical composition, and UV-Visible spectra were also obtained. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts were tested by Agar wells diffusion method. Human blood cells were used to determine cytotoxicity for extracts in concentration 500 mg/ml.. No cytotoxic effects were observed by this concentration.


Daniel Lerner's introductory essay to the Human Meaning of the Social Sciences is charged with a disregard of certain fundamental issues, and with a tautological or false identification of progress with the advance of the social sciences. The "unhumanness " of the approach is essentially the unwillingness of some social scientists to face squarely the relations between their social knowledge and human values.


This volume is based on a symposium that was held in 1965 at the University of St. Andrews, to coincide with the visit to Queens College of Carlos Eyzaguirre, Professor of Physiology at the University of Utah. Eyzaguirre gave a report on "Properties of Intrafusal Muscle Fibers of Amphibians and Mammals." All but four of the other participants were from British institutions and the papers thus give a cross section of current studies in Great Britain. The subject matter of the 18 papers ranged from morphology to clinical pathophysiology. Some of the papers are only five or six pages long and none is longer than 18 pages. However, the material is well presented and in most cases there is a brief discussion by the participants. The book provides a useful summary of many aspects of muscle physiology and neurology.


Through 30 years′ study China socialist economic system reform has gained great success and formed the reform mode with chinese characteristics-Chinese Model of the socialist economic system reform,or Chinese Reform Model,which includes the theoretical foundation,principles and the mode of reform and the differences from the neo-liberalism economic reform model.


This paper reports experimental evidence of non universal behavior the reduce viscosity versus the reduced concentration C/C * in semi-dilute good solvent solutions of linear polymers. Results manifest two semi-dilute regimes: non-entangled and entangled, and outline the role of the number N e of blobs between entanglements. This number is a constant which depends on the polymer species and causes the universality failure


Taking Communication Network Technology as an example,it analyzed the design principles for online multimedia courseware,described its design,production methods and application.Finally,through the summary of the application in teaching practices,it verified the design principles and production method.


The conversion from horizontal adit driving to main tunnel driving of Metro works has great construction difficulties and complex construction procedures.It is proposed,on basis of construction scheme comparison,that full-envelope construction method should be adopted for the conversion from horizontal adit driving to main tunnel driving.The works has already been successfully completed.The works practice demonstrates that full-envelope construction method can provide safe and reliable construction and significant technical,economical and social benefits.The paper can provide reference for similar works in the future.


The issue of migrants and refugees, especially in a Mediterranean context, has become the subject of political sabrerattling, emotive language and fractious debate. All of this may be understandable to some extent, but the argument put forward in this paper is that beyond emotion and debate there are rules of international law, which are applicable to migrants and refugees. In essence the paper seeks to remind that migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are human beings who are entitled to the protection which international human rights law establishes. In the 1990s the UN human rights system adopted the mantra that "Women's Rights are Human Rights". Within the emotive and controversial arena of migration and refugees we would do well to remind ourselves that "migrant and refugee rights are human rights" too.


Reef fishes are integral part of coral reef ecosystem as they play major role in ecological balance. Visual census of fish assemblages on coral reefs in the vicinity of four islands in Tuticorin group, Gulf of Mannar, Southeast coast of India was conducted between August 2011 and November 2012. Under water data collection on reef fish abundance and diversity was done by following belt transect method involving scuba diving. A total of 78 species from 24 families were recorded during the study period. . Kariyachalli Island was recorded the highest density and diversity of reef fishes (64 species) among the four islands and this dominance is corroborated to the comparatively higher live coral cover (46.61%). The study reveals that habitat complexity determines the abundance and diversity of reef fishes in a reef area. Presently, anthropogenic and natural factors threaten coral reefs and protection of reef habitat is inevitable for the survival and existence of reef fishes and ultimately the livelihood of the dependant people.


We describe the unitary dynamics and the entanglement properties of a system where a cavity field mode is resonantly coupled to one or two two-level atoms that are strongly driven in the cavity by a coherent field. The cavity field and one atom prepared in pure states always entangle, except when atoms are maximally polarized. The entanglement is maximum for atoms in the upper or lower state and for interaction times in the strong coupling regime. Two atoms, though correlated via the cavity field, do not entangle if the field is not accessible to measurements as in the microwave domain. However, in the optical regime, a null measurement of the cavity field can conditionally prepare an atom pair in a maximally entangled state.


In order to study cross fruitfulness of ornamental Dendrobium,popular commercial Dendrobium cultivars was used to analys the genetic relationship by SRAP. The results showed that among the hybrid combination, the fructification percentage of combination and single combination setting percentage was: intragroup hybridization intergroup hybridization native species hybridization between native species and cultivars hybridization,there was obvious difference of setting percentage of reciprocal cross. In general,the result indicated that in the hybridization of Dendrobium,close genetic relationship has higher setting percentage,and distant relationship showed adverse. This result could provide the scientific basis for the parent selection of Dendrobium hybridization breeding.


For most of the twentieth century historians accepted that the press in Tudor and Stuart England laboured under a system of strict censorship. In the last 20 or so years, however, it has become commonplace to question whether the state possessed any effective tools to enforce its will upon the press in the early modern period. Crucially, Sheila Lambert has claimed that the Stationers' Company*/the trade guild responsible for regulating the press*/was nothing more than a ramshackle commercial grouping of several hundred squabbling tradesmen. This paper focuses on a chaotic period during the late 1640s in the wake of the English Civil War, when the Stationers' Company was riven by serious internal disagreements over religious, political and commercial matters. During these years authors from a range of religious and political backgrounds were relatively free to produce a large range of libellous, seditious or scandalous items. The state responded angrily to the appearance of this material and finally managed to tame the press in the month after the passage of the draconian Printing Act of September 1649. Although the records of the Stationers' Company contain no references to this battle for control of the press, other contemporary printed and manuscript sources testify to the central role which the Company played in the Cromwellian regime's brutal but ultimately successful campaign to strangle the opposition press. I also show that the state could call upon a whole host of other institutions and individuals (such as constables, justices of the peace, city officials) to enforce compliance upon the press, and will explore the ways in which these groups worked with each other. This essay is, in other words, an attempt to use a close study of a short chronological period to say something about the theory and practice of censorship during the early modern period [1].


The effect of exciplex dynamics on the device characteristics of organic semiconductor bilayer structures is explored. Exciplex formation, dissociation, and relaxation to the ground state are incorporated into a physics-based device model. The model is applied to both organic light emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells. In the examples, C 60 and tetracene parameters are used for the electron and hole transport layers, respectively.


The invention relates to polyurethane compositions with high water content with elastomer or cellular character for wide range of applications, and a method for their preparation.


This paper proposes a suite of methods to realize high precision pose measurement in 3-D Cartesian space based on a multicamera microscopic vision system. Since it is inefficient to develop a specific image algorithm for each kind of object and the imaging condition might be unsatisfactory, we propose a method of contour primitives of interest extraction, which allows flexible reconfiguration for novel object image and owns robustness under different imaging conditions. The object is detected in grayscale image based on a template of contour primitives. Edges are extracted according to derivatives along the normal vectors of these contour primitives. The positions and directional derivatives of these edges are used for feature extraction and autofocus, respectively. The point features and line features extracted from multiview images are utilized to measure 3-D vectors and orientations, respectively, based on image Jacobian matrices. Cameras' linear motions are considered in the imaging model, so that the measurement range is expanded beyond the limitation of microscopes' shallow depths of field. The affine epipolar constraint and focused planes intersection constraint between cameras are applied to improve the real time performances of image feature extraction and multicamera autofocus, respectively. A series of experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The root mean square errors of pose measurement are evaluated as 3  ${ {\mu } }\text{m}$  in position and 0.05° in orientation, while the measurement range is about 5000  $ {\mu }\text{m}$  in position and 20° in orientation.


In this communication we present the first experimental results obtained on the Crossed-cubes nuller (CCN), that is a new type of Achromatic phase shifter (APS) based on a pair of crossed beamsplitter cubes. We review the general principle of the CCN, now restricted to two interferometric outputs for achieving better performance, and describe the experimental apparatus developed in our laboratory. It is cheap, compact, and easy to align. The results demonstrate a high extinction rate in monochromatic light and confirm that the device is insensitive to its polarization state. Finally, the first lessons from the experiment are summarized and discussed in view of future space missions searching for extrasolar planets located in the habitable zone, either based on a coronagraphic telescope or a sparse-aperture nulling interferometer.


In a recent Metaphilosophy article, Moti Mizrahi and Michael Dickinson argue against characterizing the divide between analytical and continental philosophy as a divide in the use of arguments. This hypothesis is rejected on the basis of a text‐mining approach. The present paper argues that the results they extracted do not answer the questions they set out to answer as well as would have been possible. This is due to Mizrahi and Dickinson's choice to disregard duplicate occurrences of argument word pairs, their main indicator for the occurrence of arguments in articles. This paper reconstructs their method by now also counting duplicates. A small corpus (n = 436) of recent (2015–2021) analytical and continental articles is used to rerun the experiment; the results oppose Mizrahi and Dickinson's and suggest that arguments (as operationalized by Mizrahi and Dickinson) occur more in analytical articles. The paper argues that part of the discrepancy derives from the specific methodological choices they made.


This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited North Korea conducted the sixth underground nuclear test on September 3, 2017 at the Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site (NTS). In contrast to the previous five nuclear tests, several induced earthquakes occurred around the NTS after the sixth nuclear test and this may have caused radioxenon leakages at the site. Considering these reported earthquakes, we performed atmospheric dispersion simulations on some radioxenon emission scenarios for this event using our Lagrangian Atmospheric Dose Assessment System (LADAS) model by employing the Unified Model (UM) based numerical weather prediction data produced by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). To find out possible detection locations and times, we combined not only daily and weekly based delayed releases but also leakages after the reported earthquakes around the NTS to create emission scenarios. Our simulation results were generally in good agreement with the measured data of the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission and International Monitoring System (IMS) stations operated by the Comprehensive nuclear Test-Ban-Treaty Organization (CTBTO).


Weld-bonding technology has been widely used in vehicle manufacturing to improve structural crashworthiness, fatigue performance, and corrosion resistance. This study focused on the weld quality in weld-bonding multiple stacks of steel sheets composed of 0.8-mm-thick SAE1004, 1.4-mm-thick DP600, and 1.8-mm-thick DP780 with various adhesive placements. To investigate the effect of the adhesive placement on the weld-bonding process, the static contact and dynamic resistances between the steel sheets with adhesive were measured. Then, the weld formation, weld size, and hardness of weld-bonded joints with various adhesive placements were studied by metallographic tests. Results showed that the static contact and dynamic resistances between the steel sheets increased significantly due to the presence of the adhesive. The weld initiation time and weld size for weld-bonded joints were about 40 ms earlier and 10% larger than that without adhesive under the same welding parameters. Weld qualities of weld-bonded joints with two adhesive layers at both faying interfaces between multiple stacks of steel sheets produced the best. This study provides the guidelines to the application of adhesive in weld-bonding multiple stacks of steel sheets for vehicle manufacturing.


This study offers to explore, between certain variables of vulnerability, those that explain better the fears of the elders towards criminal victimization. The use of validity measures instruments in French and adapted to an elder generation of Quebec, the WAV 'Worry About Victimization' permitted us to study the fear of crime distantly depending of its emotional, cognitive and behavioral dimensions. The sample tested is made of 387 responding elders aged between 60 & 98 years old. The elders' samples were taking in urban area in Montreal, Sherbrooke & TroisRivieres. The results shows us that the preoccupation towards crime in general, the preoccupation towards crime in specific situation and also that the precautions taken against crime are explained by vulnerability characteristics. For these three last dimensions, the sex represents the best proving facts. The other dimensions (the protection measures the perception of victimization risk – concern towards facing being personally a crime victim one day) are explained by the vulnerability characteristics and some protection factors to this last one. It's important to notice that in these three last dimensions, the sex is not ranked by explaining factors. Some analyses more precise about the sex also shows that the men fears are less often touched by their vulnerability characteristics than the women. The experiences of criminal victimization as well as the social network characteristics are factors which better explain the fears of the men than that of the women. This study concludes that the consideration of other theories, in association with the vulnerability theory could be beneficial according to the studied dimension of the worries and depending on the sex of the elder. The use of the WAV seems to be the first step towards knowledge obtaining more qualified and more detailed in regards of different fears connected to victimization.


Base line separation of the chloroanions of the platinum group metals (Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh) in chloride media has been achieved using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) employing a heptane−water phase pair, by both complexation with trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and ion pair formation with protonated TOPO (HTOPO+). Extraction of the chloroanions at low acid concentrations (<0.1 M HCl) occurs as the neutral complex MCl2(TOPO)2 irrespective of the chloride concentration, while at higher acid concentrations the chloroanions are extracted by ion pair formation with HTOPO+, which is especially useful in the separation of the kinetically inert species IrCl62- and PtCl62-. The CPC efficiencies for the extraction of Pt(II) and Pd(II) as their MCl2(TOPO)2 complexes are mainly limited by the slow kinetics of dissociation of this complex. This dissociation proceeds by the rapid dissociation of TOPO in a preequilibrium step yielding MCl2(TOPO), which then reacts with Cl- in the rate-limiting step (rls), yielding ...


to a receptive endometrium suitable for implantation. One of the major drugs used for infertility treatment is clomiphene citrate (a non steroidal synthetic compound with both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity). Clomiphene citrate stimulates ovulation by competitively inhibiting the estrogen (E) binding to the hypothalamic estrogen receptors (ER), thereby releasing the hypothalamus from the negative inhibition of endogenous (E), and leading to increase in gonadotropin pulse frequency, which consecutively induces ovulation [1-6].


This paper presents an improved method of determining voltage reference to detect currents in the three-phase inverter with three shunt resistors. In order to determine the voltage reference, the proposed method uses geometrical property in the voltage boundary hexagon of space vector PWM. The change of voltage reference is represented using time, which explains why the proposed method is called a time-based method. The proposed method decreases dramatically the computation time in a fixed-point DSP by eliminating a division operation which is the main cause of increasing the computation time in the conventional one. The proposed method is verified in the simulation and the experiment.


ABSTRACT In this study, the temporal and spatial variation in precipitable water vapor (PWV) was analyzed for typhoon Ewiniar which had made landfall in the Korean peninsula in 2006. To make a contour map of PWV, zenith total delay (ZTD) was calculated using about 60 GPS permanent stations in Korea, and the pressure and temperature data of nearby AWS stations were interpolated and applied to the equation for calculating the PWV. While Typhoon Ewiniar was migrating north from the southern coast to the eastern coast of Korea, the PWV migrated showing a spatial distribution similar to that of rainfall. Also, the fluctuating pattern of the normalized PWV was analyzed, and the moving speed of the PWV was estimated using the delay time of the increase/decrease pattern in the eight-test stations. The result indicated that the moving speed of the PWV was about 35 km/h, which was similar to the average moving speed of the typhoon (38.9 km/h). Keywords: EWINIAR, GPS, precipitable water vapor, rainfall, normalized PWV


The utility model discloses a multistage centrifugal pump, comprising a motor and a pump, wherein the pump comprises a shaft coupler, a bracket body, a bearing, a shaft seal, a water outlet section, a middle section, a guide vane, an impeller, a shaft and a water inlet section; the pump is connected with the motor by the shaft coupler; the motor is supported by the bracket body; the bearing and the shaft seal are arranged below the shaft coupler; and the middle section, the guide vane, the impeller and the shaft are arranged between the water outlet section and the water inlet section. In the utility model, in the running process of the pump group, the vibration and noise are greatly improved, the running of the pump is more reliable, and the installing, debugging, packaging, transporting and the like of the pump are greatly facilitated simultaneously.


Abstract Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic many hospitals adopted the use of virtual clinics to reduce in-person contact. We identified the need to assess patient's opinion of the disruption caused to their lives by attending a virtual clinic appointment compared to a face-to-face appointment at a General Surgery department of a UK hospital. Method 627 patients attended a virtual clinic in General Surgery between 25th March 2020 and 30th April 2020. Patients were selected using a random number generator; they were called and asked to complete a google survey which was sent via email. A shorter survey was also conducted over the phone for patients who did not have an email address. Results 73 patients completed the online or telephone survey. 77.8% (n = 42) reported that they had no problems accessing the virtual clinic. 74.1% of patients (n = 40) agreed that virtual clinics caused less disruption to their daily life. 87.7% (n = 64) saved time by attending the virtual clinic. 67.1% (n = 49) saved two or more hours. 65.8% made a financial saving. Conclusions Patients found the clinic easy to access. Overall, the virtual clinics cause less disruption to patients' lives than a face-to-face clinic appointment with notifiable savings in both time and money.


We design polynomial time schemes for secure message transmission over arbitrary networks, in the presence of an eavesdropper, and where each edge corresponds to an erasure channel with public feedback. Our schemes are described through linear programming (LP) formulations, that explicitly select (possibly different) sets of paths for key-generation and message sending. Although our LPs are not always capacity-achieving, they outperform the best known alternatives in the literature, and extend to incorporate several interesting scenaria.


Shortly after lunch on 13 February1913, eight surgeons met in anupstairs room at the Royal Collegeof Surgeons of England (RCS) onLincoln's Inn Fields. In the Chairsat Sir Berkeley Moynihan, Professorof Clinical Surgery at Leeds—freshlyknighted and elected to RCS Council.Robert Jones of Liverpool, whosefame as an orthopaedic pioneer wasbeginning to spread, also representednorthern expertise. More local wereSt George's surgeons Sir WilliamBennett and Thomas Crisp English(like Jones, later knighted), EdredMoss Corner of St Thomas's, CharlesHerbert Fagge of Guy's (not to beconfused with his uncle, the Guy'sphysician Charles


In some embodiments, a method for post write buffer memory having a one-way full duplex interface, apparatus and system are provided. For this, a buffer agent, and transmits the data to the posted write buffer is introduced for sending separate display for writing data to the address in the memory. Other embodiments are also disclosed and claimed.


The paper presents a research on the distributed control system of the material auto-compounding, analyzes the system structure, hardware structure, software structure and communication networks, and gives the scheme for carrying out. As proved in practice, it is a feasible scheme with a high ratio of quality to cost.


The optical performance of beam splitters developed for deuterium fluoride (DF) laser applications as shared- aperture components is presented. This component simultaneously has provided high reflectance in 3.8 micrometers DF laser output band and high transmittance in the visible wavelength region. The coating consists of a number of periods of multilayer stack which is reflecting in the infrared and transmitting at visible wavelengths. The period is formed of alternate high index ZnS and low index YbF3 materials layers which are transparent in the infrared and visible wavelengths. The 99.2% reflectance at 3.8 micrometers DF laser output band and 75.0% transmittance at 0.4 approximately 0.9 micrometers visible band have been obtained. The laser damaged threshold is more than 20 kw/cm2 at DF CW laser illumination.


This paper presents binomial and multinomial models for Thai language abusive speech classification in social media. While previous similar research focused on using traditional machine learning models for binomial classification, we showed that deep learning models have better performance. Our binomial and multinomial models achieved F1 scores of 0.8510 and 0.9067, respectively. These scores were significantly better than the machine learning models' respective best F1 scores of 0.7452 and 0.8090. While the bidirectional LSTM performed well, the DistilBERT had higher accuracy and recall. Moreover, the recall was especially higher for the "figurative" class where certain words were more likely to have different meanings depending on context.


This paper analyzed the main problems confronting support-type emergency management in general hospitals,introduced the experience and effect to strengthen the management of emergency key diseases in the hospital.The efficiency and success can be improved by implementation of institutionalized and routing management,emergency plan management based on the key diseases and strengthening the information construction and management.

Key words:
General hospital;  Emergency;  Key diseases;  Management


The goal is to make the host immune system responsive to antigens characteristic of cancer cells, just as a classic vaccine makes the system responsive to a viral or bacterial pathogen. Several specific strategies have now reached clinical trials; by varying means, they all seek to establish context-the molecular settings in which an antigen activates T cells.


SUMMARY

Uncoupled Photosystem I (PS I) activity driven by either reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIPH2) or N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylene diamine (TMPDH2) showed a stimulation following pre-treatment at 40–50°C, followed by inhibition at higher temperatures. The stimulation was more marked in thylakoids isolated from warm-grown plants than in those isolated from cool-grown plants. Approximately maximal rates of PS I activity were achieved at physiological temperatures (25–35°C) using highly lipophilic-reduced diaminodurene (DADH2) as an electron donor with little stimulation occurring as a result of high temperature pre-treatment. Electron transport driven by all three electron donors was markedly inhibited by KCN/HgCl2 following all pre-treatment temperatures, but relatively insensitive to ethyldimethylaminopropyl-carbodiimide (EDAC). It is suggested that the stimulation of PS I activity involves a phase change in the thylakoid membrane leading to an increase in permeability which allows enhanced access of DCPIPH2 and TMPDH2 to a common electron acceptor site located in the region of cytochrome f. The greater stimulation of electron transport in thylakoids isolated from warm-grown plants may be due to a more pronounced phase change occurring as a consequence of altered membrane composition as modified by growth temperature.


Acoustic and elastic metamaterials with space- and time-dependent material properties have received great attention recently as a means to realize nonreciprocal wave propagation. The nonreciprocal behavior of propagating waves in a spatiotemporally modulated infinite medium is usually characterized by directional bandgaps present in the frequency-wavenumber spectrum. However, less attention has been given to acoustic scattering from spatiotemporally modulated media. In this work, we consider nonreciprocal reflection and transmission from a spatiotemporally modulated, infinite elastic plate excited by a plane wave at oblique incidence. A semi-analytical approach is developed that considers the coupling between the acoustic waves and the displacement of the plate. The reflection and transmission response of the plate for each generated frequency harmonic as a function of the incident angle are reported. Finally, we find conditions on the modulation parameters that yield a large degree of nonreciprocity. The present analysis leads to potential applications in acoustic communications, such as directional wave sensing.


The properties of the large-scale global merged interaction region (GMIR) generated by the intense solar events of March and June 1991 are studied using the available solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field, and energetic particle data from the observing network of Pioneer 10 and Voyagers 1 and 2 in the outer heliosphere. At heliocentric distances extending to 55 AU the delayed effects of this enhanced solar activity are observed in the form of large increases in the solar wind velocity and interplanetary magnetic field and significant decreases in the galactic cosmic ray intensity. For low-energy ions (5-MeV protons) there was a single long-lived event extending over a period of some 6 months. Near the strongest interplanetary disturbances the H and He spectra are best represented by similar exponentials in momentum/nucleon (i.e., particle velocity at these energies). Over the rest of the event the characteristic momentum for He, (P_0)_(He) is generally ∼0.66 for hydrogen. These spectra and the consistently low H/He ratio (25.3) at 2 MeV/nucleon closely resemble that observed in corrotating interaction regions events. Despite the strong north/south asymmetry in the solar activity, the interplanetary disturbances produced the same net decrease in the galactic cosmic ray intensity of ions >70 MeV at the three widely separated spacecraft when the effects of the long-term recovery are taken into account. A comparison of the relative intensity of MeV ions at these three spacecraft suggest that the most intense solar events occurred on the back side of the Sun in time periods adjacent to the March and June episodes of solar activity. It is argued that this GMIR as a system is responsible for the low-frequency radio emission observed by the Voyager Plasma Wave experiment some 1.46 years after the onset of the March 1991 activity.


The preparation of wood sections for microscopic study normally requires considerable time and the employment of expensive equipment. With the use of an ordinary carpenter's plane and a softwood imbedding block, sections ready for staining can be prepared in a matter of minutes. Common stains such as safranin, fast green and orange G can be used to make permanent slides for the comparative interpretation of wood structure. Several desert woods were sectioned and stained, including ironwood, creosote bush, mesquite and Arizona ash.


In this paper using the idea of quasi coincidence of a fuzzy point with a fuzzy set, we introduce the notion of ( q


Questions the dominant view that shareholders have a property right over any company in which they invest, the basis of the notion of shareholder supremacy. Argues that "property rights" no longer apply within the modern company law context as share ownership has been decoupled from voting rights. Suggests that the derivative action mechanism of the Companies Act 2006 illustrates that shareholders cannot exercise effective control of management.


This chapter starts from Raymond Williams's claim to have shown how the concept of 'culture' developed out of the experience of the Industrial Revolution, demonstrating that his own evidence does not in fact support his claim. The chapter traces the development of Williams's thinking from 1945 up the publication of Culture and Society, itemizing his indebtedness to the Leavisian framework and bringing out the 'before-and-after' character of his understanding of the role of the Industrial Revolution in replacing an organic society with an atomized, selfish form of social relationship. A close analysis of Culture and Society reveals the informing historical logic of a book that has been immensely influential yet has never really been received as a work of history.


Online resources are a fundamental source of healthcare information due to the increasing popularity of the Internet, therefore ensuring accuracy and reliability of websites is crucial to improving patient education and enhancing patient outcomes. Inguinal hernia repair is the most commonly performed general surgical procedure worldwide. This study aims to analyse the quality of online patient information on inguinal hernia repair using the modified Ensuring Quality Information for Patents (EQIP) tool.

 A systematic review of online information on inguinal hernia repair was conducted using 4 search terms: "inguinal hernia", "groin hernia", "inguinal hernia repair" and "inguinoscrotal hernia". The top 100 websites for each term identified using Google were assessed using the modified EQIP tool (score 0-36). Websites for the paediatric population or intended for medical professional use were excluded from analysis.

 142 websites were eligible for analysis. 52.8% of websites originated from the UK. The median EQIP score for all websites was 17/36 (IQR 14-21). The median EQIP scores for Content, Identification and Structure were 8/18, 2/8, and 8/12, respectively. Complications of inguinal hernia repair were included in 46.5% of websites, with 9.2% providing complication rates and 14.1% providing information on how complications are handled.

 This study highlights that the current quality of online patient information on inguinal hernia repair is poor, with minimal information available on complications, hindering patients' ability to make informed decisions regarding their healthcare. To improve patient education, there is an immediate need for improved quality online resources to meet international standards.


Let g = k ⊕ s be a Cartan decomposition of a simple complex Lie algebra corresponding to the Chevalley involution. It is well known that among the set of primitive ideals with the infinitesimal character 12ρ, there is a unique maximal primitive ideal J . Let Q := U(g)/J . Let K be a connected compact subgroup with Lie algebra k so that the notion of (g,K)-modules is well defined. In this paper we show that Q is isomorphic to U(k) . In particular Q is commutative. A consequence of this result is that if W is an irreducible (g,K)-module annihilated by J , then W is K-multiplicity free and two such irreducible (g,K)-modules with a common nonzero K-type are isomorphic. 1. Statement of results Let g be a simple complex Lie algebra, a a maximal Cartan subalgebra and Φ the corresponding root system. Henceforth we fix a choice of positive roots Φ ⊆ Φ. Let θ be the Chevalley involution on g, and g = k⊕ s the corresponding Cartan decomposition. Let K be a connected compact Lie group with the complex Lie algebra k such that the adjoint action of k on s can be exponentiated to K. Then the notion of (g, K)-modules is well defined. Let U(g) be the universal enveloping algebra of g and Z(g) its center. Let χ(λ) : Z(g)→ C be the Harish-Chandra homomorphism corresponding to λ ∈ a∗. Let Jχ(λ) be the two sided ideal of U(g) generated by kerχ(λ). Suppose λ is dominant weight with respect to Φ. Let χ = χ(λ). We define (1) Ω(χ) = {J ⊂ U(g) : J is a two sided ideal and J ⊇ Jχ(λ)}. This is a partially ordered set under the usual set inclusions. A result of Dixmier states that Ω(χ) has an unique maximal element Jλ. We recall that a two-sided ideal of U(g) is called primitive if it is the annihilator ideal of an irreducible (left) U(g)-module. The ideal Jλ is a primitive ideal and thus it is the maximal primitive ideal of the infinitesimal character χ(λ). Let ρ be the half sum of the positive roots. We fix χ = χ( 2 ρ) and we let J = J 1 2 ρ be the corresponding maximal primitive ideal. Let Q = U(g)/J . A vector space V is a U(g)-bimodule if it is both a left and a right U(g)-module. If that is the case, then g acts on V by the adjoint action defined by ad(X)v = Xv − vX, where v ∈ V . Since Q is a U(g)-bimodule, we have an adjoint action of g on Q. Let Vμ denote a finite dimensional representation of g with the highest weight μ. Let V ∗ μ denote its dual representation. Its highest weight is −w0μ where w0 is the longest element in the Weyl group of g. Let Λr denote the root lattice of g with respect to a. We can now state Theorem 2.1 in [Mc]. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 22E46, 22E47. 1 2 HUNG YEAN LOKE AND GORDAN SAVIN Theorem 1.1. Let Λr denote the set of dominant weights in the root lattice such that Vμ ' V ∗ μ . Then, under the adjoint action of g, Q is multiplicity free and Q = ⊕μ∈ΛdrVμ. The inclusion k ⊂ g induces an algebra homomorphism t̃ : U(k) → Q = U(g)/J . Let U(k) and Q be the subalgebras of K-invariant elements. Note that U(k) is simply the center of U(k). Theorem 1.2. Suppose g is a complex simple Lie algebra. Let Q and t̃ as above. Then t̃ induces an algebra isomorphism t : U(k) → Q = U(g)/J . In particular Q is commutative. We state an important application of the above theorem. Corollary 1.3. Let W1 be an irreducible Harish-Chandra (g, K)-module whose annihilator ideal is equal to J . (i) Then W1 is K-multiplicity free. (ii) The set of highest weight μ of the K-types in W1 is Zariski dense in Λr ⊗ C. (iii) Suppose W2 is another irreducible Harish-Chandra (g, K)-module whose annihilator ideal is J . If W1 and W2 have a common K-type, then W1 and W2 are isomorphic (g, K)-modules. Proof. Let τ be an irreducible K-module. For i = 1, 2, we set Wi(τ) := HomK(τ,Wi). It is finite dimensional because Wi is irreducible and hence K-admissible. The action of Q on Wi induces an action of Q on Wi(τ). It is a result of Harish-Chandra that Wi(τ) is an irreducible Q-module. Furthermore if both W1(τ) and W2(τ) are nonzero isomorphic Qmodules, then W1 and W2 are isomorphic Harish-Chandra modules. See Proposition 3.5.4 in [Wa]. By Theorem 1.2, Q is commutative so dimW1(τ) = 1. This proves (i). Suppose τ is a common K-type as in (iii). The ring U(k) ' Q acts through the infinitesimal character of τ on Wi(τ). Hence W1(τ) and W2(τ) are isomorphic Q-modules so W1 and W2 are isomorphic Harish-Chandra modules. This proves (iii). By the Harish-Chandra homomorphism, U(k) ' Sym(t)K can be interpreted as the algebra of Weyl group invariant polynomials on Λr ⊗ C. Suppose the set of highest weights of the K-types of W1 lies in some algebraic subset S. Then there exists f ∈ Sym(t)K which vanishes on S + ρK . This implies that U(k) K does not act faithfully on the K-types of W1. However this contradicts Theorem 1.2 and proves (ii). In this paper we do not describe modules annihilated by J . This remains an interesting and challenging problem, solved completely only for sln by Lucas [Lu]. For example, if g = sl2, then the irreducible modules annihilated by J are precisely the components (even and odd) of two Weil representations, four representations in all. Analogs of the even Weil representations in the simply laced case are constructed as follows. Let G be the simply connected algebraic group defined over Q, corresponding to g. Let G be a non-linear 2-fold central extension of G(R). Now K is the maximal compact subgroup of G. Let B = MAN be a Borel subgroup of G corresponding to our choice of positive roots. Let δ be a pseudospherical K-type as in [A-V]. Then δ, restricted to M , is an irreducible representation of ON THE MAXIMAL PRIMITIVE IDEAL CORRESPONDING TO THE MODEL NILPOTENT ORBIT 3 M . Let Θ be the irreducible pseudo-spherical Langlands quotient of the normalized induced principal series representation IndGB(δ, 1 2 ρ). The representation Θ exhibits many interesting properties and we list some of them. • The annihilator ideal of Θ is J . One deduces this by proving that Θ has maximal τ -invariant, using Theorem 4.12 in [V1]. • The representation Θ is the local Shimura lift of a trivial representation [A-V]. • The representation Θ appears as a local component of an automorphic representation constructed via the residues of Eisenstein series [LS]. In particular, Θ is unitarizable. The representation Θ was also studied in [AHV], [H], [Kn], [T] and by Wallach (unpublished). For example, Adams, Huang and Vogan [AHV] give a conjectural description of K-types for the Lie type E8. In particular, they predict that the types are multiplicity free. Corollary 1.3 proves that. In the last section we generalize Corollary 1.3 to primitive ideals whose associated varieties are contained in the boundary of the model orbit. We would like to thank a referee for providing a crucial information here. The authors acknowledge the hospitality of the Max Planck Institute in Bonn where this work was finished. The first author has been supported by an NUS grant R146-000-131-112. The second author has been supported by an NSF grant DMS-0852429. 2. Injectivity in Theorem 1.2 The main result of this section is to prove that the homomorphism t in Theorem 1.2 is injective. We first set up some notation. We denote the root space corresponding to a root α by gα. For every root α we pick a nonzero vector Xα in the root space gα so that Xα are a part of a Chevalley basis. Let Hα = [Xα, X−α]. The Chevalley involution is defined by θ(Xα) = −X−α and θ(Hα) = −Hα. The model orbit. We now introduce the model orbit. Let Uv be the standard filtration of U(g). Let Jv = J ∩ Uv. Then Gr(J) = ⊕v=1(Jv/Jv−1) is an ideal of the symmetric algebra Sym(g) = ⊕v=0Sym(g). Using the Killing form, we identify g∗ and g. This gives an identification of Sym(g) with the algebra of polynomials on g. Let V ⊆ g be the variety defined by the ideal Gr(J). By [BB] and Corollary 4.7 in [V2], V contains a dense open orbit denoted by O which McGovern calls the model orbit [Mc]. A general description of O is as follows. Fix ∆ a set of simple roots. Let S be a maximal subset of ∆ consisting of mutually orthogonal roots, such that S contains at least one short root. Then O is the adjoint orbit of


The evolution of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with alternate air and H2 treatment was investigated for silver nanoparticles on different SiO2-based substrates (soda-lime glass, quartz glass and mesoporous SiO2). It has been shown that evolution behaviours on the three substrates are very different. For silver nanoparticles on the mesoporous SiO2 substrate, alternate air and H2 heat treatment led to the alternate disappearance and appearance of the SPR, showing the reversibility of optical changes. For a soda-lime glass substrate, the SPR absorption also disappeared after the first run heat treatment in air and re-appeared after subsequent H2 heat treatment, but the second run heat treatment in air could not induce the re-disappearance of the SPR. After alternate heating of the sample in air and H2 for four or more cycles, the SPR stayed almost unchanged. For a quartz glass substrate, however, the SPR absorption became negligible after alternate air and H2 heat treatment. Such effects of the substrate on the SPR are explained in terms of the subtle difference of the three SiO2-based substrates in micro-structure or chemical composition, and the redox of silver in the treatment atmospheres. This study could be important for the design and architectonics of new optical devices based on SiO2 materials and could also promote the understanding of the interaction of silver nanoparticles with the environment.


The scientific community of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-cell scientists had a meeting to discuss the opportunities and requirements for a new era of genome scale science for CHO cells. With multiple genome sequences available, the challenge to the field is to use approaches of systems and synthetic biology to enhance quality and yield of recombinant therapeutics from CHO.


Although the 2009 jingju (Peking opera) adaptation of Oedipus the King does not completely indigenize the Greek classic, i.e. relocating it to a time and place in Chinese culture and history, it Sinicizes the names of characters and places and retools the plot so it would better appeal to Chinese audiences. More than anything, this jingju remake of the Greek classic, as Chinese adaptations of Greek classics typically do, demythologizes and thus deemphasizes the agency of gods, Greek or their native divination substitutes, by way of highlighting the 'heroism' of the titular protagonist. What results is a Sinicized Oedipus, virtuous and well-beloved, whose nobility sustains to the very end without being 'flawed' by excessive pride, a fiery temper or paranoia. He remains devoted to the public good—to bring deliverance to his people—instead of being consumed by a headstrong quest for personal truth although the two, the public and the personal, are painfully intertwined. This reinterpretation of what is considered a quintessentially classic Greek tragedy as a 'hero tragedy' is overdetermined by the aesthetics of jingju, the sociocultural needs of the Chinese people today, and the challenges and possibilities of such transcultural adaptations, thus engendering interesting and enriching intertextual reverberations across cultures.


The bleaching temperature,bleaching time,decolorization clay dosage were researched by single factor test and orthogonal test,to research the loss of corn oil tocopherols during bleaching. The effects of the variables on the tocopherols content decreased in the order:bleaching time decolorization clay dosagebleaching temperature. The results showed that under the condition of the bleaching temperature 105 ℃,bleaching time 20 min,decolorization clay dosage 2.5%,the loss of tocopherolswas 9.3%,and the decolorization oil color was Y35R3.2. The color reached the secondary oil standard.


Self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) are grown on InGaAs/GaAs virtual substrates (VS) by molecular beam epitaxy. By growing InAs QDs on partially relaxed InGaAs layers with different thicknesses, hence with varying degrees of relaxation, we obtain InAs QDs which are aligned or grouped into distinct units. It was found that growths of InAs QDs on these VS result in preferential alignment along [1 1 0] and [1 −1 0] directions, and the thicker the InGaAs relaxed layer the higher the chance that QDs coalesce into distinct ensembles of QDs. We attribute the results to the difference in the underlying surface undulation due to different degrees of VS relaxation and to strain asymmetries, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy and high-resolution x-ray diffraction. A schematic description of InAs QD growth on partially relaxed InGaAs layers is given.


Municipal water requirements are directly related to population whereas industrial demands are related to the level and type of industrial activity. The emphasis on domestic energy production will exert a strong influence on future industrial water demands. The most critical water using regions for mining will be the western regions. Anticipated conservation measures will have a significant impact on water savings in the industrial sector where much conservation can be expected through process changes, recirculation, and several emerging technologies. Water utility planners who forecast the raw water storage volume need to consider the combined effects of anticipated population rise, industrial mix and its likely growth, and the probable savings due to conservation. The material presents some guidelines together with regional tables in an attempt to provide a framework to aid in the estimation of the present and future municipal and industrial water requirements in the western United States.


Background: Oxa1 mediates the insertion of mitochondrion-encoded precursors into the inner mitochondrial membrane. Results: Oxa1 forms a voltage- and substrate-dependent membrane pore. Conclusion: The channel properties of the Oxa1 pore are compatible with the membrane-potential regulated protein insertase. Significance: This is the first report on the pore-forming capacity of Oxa1, providing mechanistic insight into the insertase mechanism of Oxa1. The inner membrane of mitochondria is especially protein-rich. To direct proteins into the inner membrane, translocases mediate transport and membrane insertion of precursor proteins. Although the majority of mitochondrial proteins are imported from the cytoplasm, core subunits of respiratory chain complexes are inserted into the inner membrane from the matrix. Oxa1, a conserved membrane protein, mediates the insertion of mitochondrion-encoded precursors into the inner mitochondrial membrane. The molecular mechanism by which Oxa1 mediates insertion of membrane spans, entailing the translocation of hydrophilic domains across the inner membrane, is still unknown. We investigated if Oxa1 could act as a protein-conducting channel for precursor transport. Using a biophysical approach, we show that Oxa1 can form a pore capable of accommodating a translocating protein segment. After purification and reconstitution, Oxa1 acts as a cation-selective channel that specifically responds to mitochondrial export signals. The aqueous pore formed by Oxa1 displays highly dynamic characteristics with a restriction zone diameter between 0.6 and 2 nm, which would suffice for polypeptide translocation across the membrane. Single channel analyses revealed four discrete channels per active unit, suggesting that the Oxa1 complex forms several cooperative hydrophilic pores in the inner membrane. Hence, Oxa1 behaves as a pore-forming translocase that is regulated in a membrane potential and substrate-dependent manner.


Objective
To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors for M4/M5 subtypes in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Methods
A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of M4/M5 subtypes in Shanghai Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, from January 2009 to December 2014 was carried out.The long-term efficacy, prognosis and relapse factors were analyzed.

Results
The clinical data of 46 cases were collected, among which 38 cases were treated with more than 2 courses, including 22 male, 16 female, 19 cases M4 and 19 cases M5.The median age was 5 years.5-year overall survival (OS) rate and 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate were(57.7±9.3)% and (47.2±8.9)%, and 5-year EFS of M4 and M5 were (52.4±12.7)% and (45.4±11.9)%.Compared with the international risk stratification: 5-year EFS rate of favorable-risk, intermediate-risk and poor-risk were (77.2±12.4)%, (49.5±14.9)% and (25.0±19.8)% (χ2=6.305, P=0.043). Single factor analysis showed that extramedullary infiltration(χ2=4.828, P=0.028), Chromosome karyotype(χ2=10.178, P=0.017), the eighth day assessment(χ2=5.382, P=0.020) and course of treatment(χ2=4.771, P=0.029)were prognostic factors; multivariate analysis showed extramedullary infiltration (HR=5.323, 95%CI: 1.620-17.490, P=0.006) and less-than-6 courses of treatment (HR=6.186, 95%CI: 1.726-22.176, P=0.005) were the independent risk factors of affecting survival.

Conclusions
(1) Strengthening treatment and adequate courses of treatment are the critical to improve the overall curative effect in children with M4/M5 subtypes.(2) Extramedullary infiltration was the risk factor for survival and recurrence in M4/M5 subtypes.(3) It is suggested that the children who have the initial symptoms and molecular biology with poor prognostic factors choose hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as early as possible.

Key words:
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia; Acute monocytic leukemia; Acute myeloid leukemia; Chemothe-rapy; Prognosis


Graphene/polylactic acid; nano-Fe3O4/polylactic acid; and graphene/nano-Fe3O4/polylactic acid composite absorbers are independently produced by fused deposition modeling technology. The effects of the content of graphene and nano-Fe3O4 on absorbing properties are investigated. After measuring the electromagnetic parameters using the waveguide method, the absorbing property is characterized according to the transmission line theory. The distribution of graphene and nano-Fe3O4 in the matrix is observed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results show that the graphene and nanometer ferroferric oxide multicomponent absorbing agent helps to form a synergistic absorbing effect. In the frequency range 8.2–18.0 GHz; the absorber has the greatest absorbing property when the content of graphene and nanosize Fe3O4 are 5 wt% and 20 wt%, respectively.


Besides pursuing the economic goals of low costs and high profits, companies are becoming more and more aware of the environmental and social impact of their actions. Companies striving for the integrated optimization of environmental and economic perspectives within their production processes, need to be supported by tools helping to understand the effects of the decision making process. In this context, this paper describes a Decision Support System (DSS) enabling the early identification of problems occurring on manufacturing lines thus suggesting related recovery actions, together with the potential repercussions of their adoption, at economic and environmental level. The decision making process beneath the DSS starts from the aggregation of production lines sensors data in Key Performance Indicators (KPI). The data are then processed by means of an Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) based knowledge system which enables to suggest preventive maintenance interventions. The proposed maintenance activities, elaborated throughout a scheduling engine, are integrated within the weekly production schedule, according to the selected optimization policy. Preliminary tests have been carried out in manufacturing plants of IKEA industries and Brembo.


The invention discloses a docking and locating guide method of a self-elevating drilling platform and a fixed sea platform. The docking and locating guide method comprises the steps of: installing a device, guiding the drilling platform for towing, guiding the drilling platform for coarse in place, guiding an anchored board for anchoring, repeatedly measuring the position and the azimuth of the fixed platform, guiding the drilling platform for completing fine in place, and repeatedly measuring the position and the azimuth of the drilling platform so that the self-elevating drilling platform and the fixed sea platform are guided in docking and locating. The docking and locating guide method has the advantages of simple application process, light weight, small size and convenience for carrying of the device, simpleness in installing the device, elimination of diving operation, shortened project period, and increased working efficiency. A system is high in locating precision, can realize rolling precision of 0.05DEG, the pitching precision of 0.05DEG, the heading precision of 0.1 and relative position measuring precision of 0.05m, and also has the advantages of intuition, safety, reliability, real time, fault tolerance and the like.


Erin R. Anderson received her master's degree in community development and planning from Clark University in 2007 and holds bachelor's degrees in comparative history of ideas and communications from the University of Washington. While attending Clark University, Erin conducted research exploring participatory oral history as a community development strategy and also worked closely with the Worcester Women's History Project to develop a citywide oral history initiative, of which the interviews featured in this research are a part. The paper presented here originated in a Clark University graduate course, 'Gender, Work and Space', taught by Susan Hanson. Erin's additional research interests include social movement narratives, memory and place-making, and alternative media networks. She currently works as the Network Development Officer for the International Network of Street Papers in Glasgow, Scotland.


The decision in 1995 of the National Institute on Allergies and Infectious Disease not to proceed at this time with Phase III trials of candidate AIDS vaccines spotlights the renewed importance of prevention in the fight against AIDS. For the foreseeable future it is unlikely that there will be a vaccine to protect exposed individuals from this generally deadly disease. Although treatments for people with HIV/AIDS are improving rapidly and the ability of infected individuals to live with AIDS has grown tremendously as a result, prevention remains the only "vaccine" available to stop the AIDS epidemic. Consequently, assessing the efficacy of alternative strategies and approaches for preventing the spread of AIDS takes on an even greater importance than previously. This is especially true due to the national movement to a cost-driven managed health care model and the shrinkage in funds earmarked for public health efforts. As the recently issued comprehensive review of the entire National Institutes of Health AIDS research program concluded (Auerbach 1996), there is a strong need to amplify work in AIDS prevention cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis. As part of the attention now being paid to prevention efficacy and the outcome evaluation of AIDS programs, there has been growing recognition of the need to target HIV prevention to the unique characteristics and risk profiles of specific populations and to utilize theory-driven approaches to risk reduction methodology (Singer and Weeks 1996). Drug users, for example, constitute a population (or perhaps several populations with different characteristics and AIDS risk patterns) of special importance for targeted AIDS prevention. However, in the early years of the epidemic there emerged the belief that drug users would be particularly resistant to AIDS prevention behavioral change. This belief was based on the view that drug addiction and the compelling psychophysical need for a drug "fix" would cause drug users to ignore prevention messages if safer use patterns were time consuming and threatened a delay in relieving the symptoms of drug withdrawal. As Becker and Jospeh (1988:403) indicate, "There is a general impression that [drug users) are incapable of (or disinterested in) changing their behavior, while [they) view public health authorities with suspicion and distrust." There are problems with this understanding of drug users, however, as there is consistent evidence indicating that they can and do change their behavior in response to the threat of HIV infection. From relatively early in the epidemic, social science studies have noted spontaneous and program-influenced behavioral changes among drug users that were intended to reduce their risk of HlV infection (Des Jarlais et al. 1988; Selwyn et al. 1986). The most commonly reported changes in this regard are: (I) increased use of (illicitly or legally acquired) sterile needles, (2) use of needle exchange programs, (3) bleaching needles to kill the virus, and (4) reduction in the number of partners with whom an individual directly or indirectly "shares" needles. The set of papers in this special issue presents both a timely overview of the


In this paper, three kinds of prediction models based on time series analysis method are studied. Largely the process of building the wind farm short-term power forecasting model is discussed, mainly including sequence preprocessing, model identification, model order judging, parameter estimation, model testing and so on. It focuses on wind power short-term generation forecasting combined with the specific example using time series method. The example demonstrates the effectiveness and usefulness of the model. Keywords-wind power; power forecast; time series method


Background— Dominant frequencies (DFs) of activation are higher in the atria of patients with persistent than paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), and left atrial (LA)-to-right atrial (RA) DF gradients have been identified in both. However, whether such gradients are maintained as long-term persistent AF is established remains unexplored. We aimed at determining in vivo the time course in atrial DF values from paroxysmal to persistent AF in sheep and testing the hypothesis that an LA-to-RA DF difference is associated with LA drivers in persistent AF. Methods and Results— AF was induced using RA tachypacing (n=8). Electrograms were obtained weekly from an RA lead and an implantable loop recorder implanted near the LA. DFs were determined for 5-second-long electrograms (QRST subtracted) during AF in vivo and in ex vivo optical mapping. Underlying structural changes were compared with weight-matched controls (n=4). After the first AF episode, DF increased gradually during a 2-week period (7±0.21 to 9.92±0.31 Hz; n=6; P<0.05). During 9 to 24 weeks of AF, the DF values on the implantable loop recorder were higher than the RA (10.6±0.08 versus 9.3±0.1 Hz, respectively; n=7; P<0.0001). Subsequent optical mapping confirmed a DF gradient from posterior LA-to-RA (9.1±1.0 to 6.9±0.9 Hz; P<0.05) and demonstrated patterns of activation compatible with drifting rotors in the posterior LA. Persistent AF sheep showed significant enlargement of the posterior LA compared with controls. Conclusions— In the sheep, transition from paroxysmal to persistent AF shows continuous LA-to-RA DF gradients in vivo together with enlargement of the posterior LA, which harbors the highest frequency domains and patterns of activation compatible with drifting rotors.


THERE are some mildly surprising aspects to the history of taking the blood pressure. About 1710 Stephen Hales (1677-1761) made direct measurements of arterial pressure in the horse and other animals by observing the height to which the column of blood rose in a tube connected more surprising that Hales's fundamental observations should have led to little further work on the subject until a hundred years later, when Jean Leonard Marie Poiseuille (1797-1870), in the 1820's, used a mercury U-tube manometer, 7 mm, in diameter, connected to the artery by a lead tip filled with sodium bicarbonate as an anticoagulant, to demonstrate that the pressure was similar in all parts of the main arterial tree and that it varied with respiration.


[Objective]This study aimed to investigate pathological changes in various organs of piglets infected with classical swine fever and provide reliable basis for accurate diagnosis of classical swine fever. [Method]By using paraffin embedding,section slicing and HE staining,histopathological changes in the heart, liver,spleen,lung,kidney and small intestine tissues of five diseased piglets were observed. [Result]Classical swine fever virus could lead to multiple visceral and mucosal hemorrhages,inflammatory cell infiltration,necrosis and other pathological changes. [Conclusion]Classical swine fever virus can further cause progressive degeneration and necrosis of different cells,resulting in immune injury.


Fluid migration and distribution are important aspects of the evolution of sedimentary basins. An essential parameter affecting fluid flow is permeability. Even mm thick fractures have permeabilit ies many orders of magnitude above surrounding sediments, and thus have the potential of focusing fluid flow. It is a major task to establish the importance of these fractures as fluid conduits. One aspect is to determine the mechanisms of mass transport and precipitation of the fracture cements. Basically the question is whether the mineral cementing fluids are locally sourced from the wall rock by diffusion or local fluid advection, or have been externally imported and focused into the fractures, or both. Detailed investigation of vein mineral and wall rock may help in establishing the relative importance of the two major cementing processes. Here, we will focus on the use of petrographical observations. In addition, we use microscale stable isotope analysis of carbonate cemented fractures obtained with the laser ablation method (O and C) in order to establish the direction of material transfer. Fracture cements. Cemented fractures occur in various lithologies of Tertiary to Palaeozoic ages within the North Sea, including sandstones, mudrocks, chalk, limestones and volcanics. The fractures are commonly subvertical and 1-2 mm thick, rarely exceeding 1-2 cm, and they are in many cases reactivated. The fractures are cemented by a variety of minerals. However, the about 150 fracture occurrences recorded in our North Sea fracture database are dominantly cemented by carbonates. Other minerals include kaoline, baryte, pyrite and only occasional quartz. This observation contrasts with the common occurrence of quartz veins in metamorphic rocks. Bitumen is also sometimes seen as a fracture filling material. Cemented fractures may be monomineralic, or they are seen to be filled with more than one mineral type. Carbonate cement. Calcite, dolomite/ankerite and siderite are all observed. The grain size of the fracture carbonates is in most cases notably coarser than the grain size in wall rock cements.The wall rock cement is generally also carbonate, but chemically distinct from the vein mineral (e.g. siderite versus dolomite or calcite). Multiple generations of carbonate cementation in fractures occur as well, and also precipitation by carbonate preceding a quite different phase as kaoline is occasionally observed. Carbonate fractures in sandstones which are not cemented by carbonates are recorded in a few cases. Pyrite cement. Pyrite fracture cements are less common, but are observed both within sandstones and altered volcanics. Some fractures have walls lined by early pyrite, and central parts cemented by carbonate, thus documenting the presence of compositionally different fluids at various stages of fracture cementation. Kaoline cement. Fractures cemented by kaoline occur within sandstones and interlayered igneous rocks.The texture is fine grained and appear similar to pore-filling, blocky kaoline cement. Wall rock cements recorded are carbonates or clays. Baryte cement. Baryte cemented fractures are observed within all lithologies. The grains are commonly coarse compared to wall rock, which is cemented by either clays or carbonates. Both equant and elongated grains occur. Dendritic growth is recorded in one case. Quartz cement. Quartz cemented fractures are rarely observed and pure quartz veins are only found within altered igneous rocks. These are probably due to hydrothermal activities. Chert veins are seen within chalk, and carbonate fractures hosted in sandstones occasionally contain a few grains of coarse quartz, which evidence the presence of silicate fluids. Isotopes. The laser ablation method allows for very small-scale recording of variations in isotope composition (C, O) across a carbonate filled fracture. One example of such a carbon isotope profile is given in Fig. 1. The carbon isotopes demonstrate that the carbon source for fracture mineralisation was different from that of the local wall rock.If the fracture fillings has been formed by wall rock dissolution and redistribution, the 613C value of the precipitating mineral would be close to the average value of the


The background, requirements, and aerodynamic design of the modified NASA Ames 40 x 80 ft wind tunnel are reviewed, along with the systems integration and systems test results. Advancing vehicle sizes and airspeeds required a larger wind tunnel test section and a capability for 100 and 300 knots airspeed simulation. Acoustic mufflers at the inlet and exit of the nonreturn circuit provide noise suppression. The enlarged test section is intended to accomodate the complex flowfields of wings with high lift coefficients, and the drive system is designed with minimum residual swirl. Features of the fan blades are examined, along with characteristics of the test channels, control vanes and louvers, the exit, circuit losses, temperature rises during operation of the nonreturn circuit, and the facility acoustics. Specific construction problems and solutions for the conversion process are outlined, and it is noted that operational status is expected at the end of 1982.


The direct mail or telephone solicitation of targeted individuals to accept offers of preapproved credit or to apply for credit is an increasingly prevalent practice today, particularly for retailers and credit card issuers.1 The manner in which a creditor selects the individuals to receive its offers of or applications for credit is critical in identifying potential customers likely to be approved for extensions of credit under the creditor's credit criteria. Creditors commonly employ the practice of list screening, otherwise known as prescreening,2 to determine their target audience. List screening typically begins with a creditor renting a list or lists of names from various sources (e.g., magazine subscription lists). Potential customers who represent a suspected credit risk are then deleted from these lists by consumer reporting agencies, which apply various criteria specified by the creditor against information in the consumer reporting agency's files.3 Alternatively, lists of prospective customers are developed from names on file at the consumer reporting agency and are again screened using the creditor's criteria to delete those persons suspected of being less creditworthy.4 List screening is regulated under federal law, primarily by the Fair Credit Reporting Act.5 Further, although not currently directly applicable to list screening,


The paper presents both the theoretical account of the issue of foreign exchange risk premium and the actual estimates of the time-varying risk premium for the cases of the Czech koruna to euro and US dollar. The risk premium is modelled within a state space framework and estimated using the Kalman filtering procedure. Some financial market fundamentals are used to estimate the risk premium, and thus not only do the estimates give insight into the foreign exchange market behaviour but also into some linkages between the various segments of the financial market as a whole.


A silicon micro-ring resonator is used to enhance the modulation speed of a 10-Gbit/s directly modulated laser to 40 Gbit/s. The generated signal is transmitted error free over 4.5 km SSMF. Dispersion tolerance is also studied.


The treatment failure for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) frequently takes the form of local and regional recurrences. We investigated the role of lingual lymph nodes (LLNs) in the recurrence of SCC of the tongue and the floor of the mouth.


1. Studies reporting phenological changes in response to climate change are numerous and concern all groups of living organisms. Phenological changes could cause mismatching in food chains, thus inducing important perturbations in ecosystem functioning. Nevertheless, the relevancy of the conclusions drawn from phenological studies strongly depends on the estimation accuracy of such phenological changes. Many different estimators exist and some have already raised major criticism, although they continue to be used. Therefore, there is a crucial need for an extensive study documenting the behaviour of phenological estimators.


A super-ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with fractional bandwidth of 138% and wide upper stopband is proposed based on a simplified composite right/left-handed transmission line (SCRLH TL) structure. The non-uniform periodical structure can help the SCRLH TL to realise a wider passband, while the complementary split-ring resonators are etched in the ground plane to achieve better performance of the upper stopband. In addition, the slots carved around the via make it feasible to reduce the overall size. The super-UWB BPF has been designed, fabricated and measured. Good agreement is shown between measurement and simulation.


Adaptive filters are self-designing systems for information extraction which rely for their operation on a recursive algorithm (Haykin, 2001). They find application in environments where the optimum filter cannot be applied because of lack of knowledge about the signal characteristics and/or the data to be processed. This a priori knowledge required for the design of the optimum filter is commonly based on stochastic signal models, which traditionally are stationary. However, the parameters of many signals found in communication, radar, telemetry and many other fields can be represented as periodic functions of time (Gardner, 1991). When this occurs, stationary signal models cannot exploit the signal periodicities, while cyclostationary models become more suitable since they represent more reliably the statistical signal properties.1 Firstly, let us review some of the key points of cyclostationary signals, while introducing some definitions that will be used throughout this chapter. We have said that most of signals used in many fields such as communication, radar, or telemetry exhibit statistical parameters which vary periodicallywith time. The periodicities of these parameters are related to the parameters of the signalmodulation, such as the carrier frequency or the chip rate among others (Gardner, 1986; 1994). Let the second-order2 auto-correlation function of a zero-mean stochastic signal be defined as: Rxx(t,λ) E {x(t) x (λ)} (1)


Decoupled aquaponic systems are gaining popularity as a way to manage water quality in aquaponic systems to suit plant and fish growth independently. Aquaponic systems are known to be deficient in several plant-essential elements, which can be affected by solution pH to either increase or decrease available nutrients. To determine the effect of pH in a decoupled aquaponic system, a study was conducted using aquaculture effluent from tilapia culture tanks at four pH treatments: 5.0, 5.8, 6.5, and 7.0, used to irrigate a cucumber crop. Growth and yield parameters, nutrient content of the irrigation water, and nutrients incorporated into the plant tissue were collected over two growing seasons. pH did not have a practical effect on growth rate, internode length or yield over the two growing seasons. Availability and uptake of several nutrients were affected by pH, but there was no overarching effect that would necessitate its use in commercial systems. Nutrient concentrations in the aquaculture effluent would be considered low compared to hydroponic solutions; however, elemental analysis of leaf tissues was within the recommended ranges. Research into other nutrient sources provided by the system (i.e., solid particles carried with the irrigation water) would provide further information into the nutrient dynamics of this system.


The design of a computer system which directly controls tunnel barrier width in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is described. This capability allows STM scans to be performed at a speed which is automatically determined by the roughness of the surface under study. The computer system is inexpensive and designed with readily available components for the VME bus.


In this paper we focus on the interrelations between household structure and female migration among women in rural Mali. The paper considers both directions of interaction: how household structure constrains or facilitates female migration and how migration in turn leads to changes in household structure. The study is based on a longitudinal survey of migration and household change in the Upper Senegal River Valley of Mali. (EXCERPT)


For many complex systems the interaction of different scales is among the most interesting and challenging features. It seems not very successful to extract the physical properties in different scale regimes by the existing approaches, such as the structure-function and Fourier spectrum method. Fundamentally, these methods have their respective limitations, for instance scale mixing, i.e. the so-called infrared and ultraviolet effects. To make improvements in this regard, a new method, multi-level segment analysis (MSA) based on the local extrema statistics, has been developed. Benchmark (fractional Brownian motion) verifications and the important case tests (Lagrangian and two-dimensional turbulence) show that MSA can successfully reveal different scaling regimes which have remained quite controversial in turbulence research. In general the MSA method proposed here can be applied to different dynamic systems in which the concepts of multiscale and multifractality are relevant.


In the Critique of Judgment, Kant defines longing, in a footnote, as an affect which demonstrates an inchoate agreement with his doctrine of desire on the part of anyone who makes an incredible wish; "fantastic desires" indicate that we are aware that our representations have real efficacy, and longing shows that we are aware of the inadequacy of our power to fulfill our wish. Regularly indulged, longing will make the heart "flaccid" and "exhaust our powers" through years of unfulfilled desires.1 Within thirty years, however, in Schelling's later philosophy, longing is everything, the chaotic and irrational foundation of nature, God's dark and sublime essence.2 The topic of this essay is the account of longing that Johann Gottlieb Fichte provides in the System of Ethics, which contributes to the shift that transforms longing from a dreamy disposition to a primordial force. I intend first to describe what longing is within that text, especially in relation to the natural drive and the moral law. Then I want to advance a suggestion about the relation between longing and the moral law. To conclude, I will compare the affective experience of the moral law and longing. Fichte's definition of longing is "an indeterminate sensation of a need ... not determined through the concept of an object," the "feeling" of a particular drive.3 Longing is defined both as a sensation (Empfindung) and a feeling (Gefuhl). Is there any significance to using both diese terms? In Kant, there is a distinction between feeUngs, as purely subjective, internal states of the subject (which Kant restricts solely to pleasure and pain), and sensations, which refer to sensible affections insofar as they are bound up with an object.4 But Fichte alters, and to some degree, eliminates mis distinction: All feelings are originally states of the subject, and only when they are subsequently attributed to an object can they be designated as sensations.5 Both "objective" and "subjective" real content are feelings: all sensible determinations, such as purple, bitter, or hard, are considered feeUngs. But why did Fichte use the term Empfindung? In all likelihood, designating longing as a sensation simply indicates the range of longing that Fichte will later delimit. There is a terminological connotation that indicates that longing will be referred to given objects (though not immediately, since that would be contradictory); more specifically, while longing originally is indeterminate, reflection on longing reveals desires oriented toward objects that nature provides or could provide for us coincidentally or gratuitously, or as Fichte says, "as a favor."6 Apart from restriction to the sphere of nature, though, longing is a feeling without objective contextualization. Within the System of Ethics, Fichte defines feeling in the following ways. Feeling is the "sheer, immediate relation of what is objective in the I to what is subjective therein," or the relation of "being" to "consciousness."7 Insofar as feeUng manifests relations in which the subjective is dependent on the objective, it is the inverse of the will. The relation obtains when the will is inhibited and barred in its encroachments on the Not-I. Without an overture into the opposed, real world, no feeling would arise; feelings are only produced by the frustration of the will in its endeavor to completely conform the world to reason. The complete conversion of the real world to the tool of reason, however, is only an idea, and can never be genuinely effected. Accordingly, the will operates, not by eradicating feeling, but by transitioning from given feeUngs to new feelings that are in accord with the end that the will gives itself; these new feeUngs are the "product of its freedom," and accordingly, the new feeUngs express an increase in the scope of freedom.8 Fichte distinguishes between feelings and representations, saying that in the latter the subject presents itself - though as passive and is aware of itself; whereas in feeUng, there is no awareness of the subject, no conscious reflection, only the feeling. …


Contemporarily, driven by multiple factors, various new energy vehicle enterprises have developed rapidly but on the other hand. It also brings new opportunities, and various new industries rise rapidly. As new emerging enterprises, financing plays a vital role in corporation management. This paper will make a comparative analysis of various financing channels (bank loans, trust, equity financing, bond financing, venture capital, etc.). Meanwhile, in combination with the 'financing scheme selection' and 'major financing cases' of the four new energy automobile enterprises (Tesla, rivian. Lucid, NiO), the role of various financing schemes in the new energy automobile industry is studied and discussed by using the case analysis method, comparative case comparison method, literature analysis method and quantitative analysis method. The paper will give suggestions on financing channels for different new energy vehicle enterprises according to the research results. The purpose of the paper is to help the new automobile company with some advice and reference. These results shed light on guiding enterprises with different conditions to choose their own financing methods and provide financing suggestions for enterprises under different conditions.


A clock system is universal among cyanobacteria.In this study,the clock gene kaiC was cloned from Microcystis aeruginosa by PCR.Through the study of the function and finding its interacting protein,the kaiC gene in Microcystis aeruginosa was subcloned into the bait vector pGBKT7 and prey vector pGADT7 of yeast two-hybrid system.After being verified by sequencing,the recombinant plamids pGBKT7-kaiC/pGADT7-kaiC and pGBKT7-kaiC/pGADT7 were co-transferred into yeast strain AH109 by polyethylene glycol/lithium acetate method respectively and its expression products were assayed whether it can affect the growth of yeast cells and activate the reporter(β-galactosidase) genes.The transformed cells were selected on SD dropout medium lacking tryptophan,leucine,histidine and adenine at 30℃ for 3~4 days.The β-galactosidase filter assay shows that KaiC protein was not toxic to AH109 and could not activate the reporter gene.The results also demonstrated homotypic interaction of KaiC in transformed yeast cells that expressed two types of fusion proteins.The constructed plasmid pGBKT7-kaiC may serve as bait vector of yeast two hybrid GAL4 system to fish KaiC interaction protein from genomic library of Microcystis aeruginosa.