Meteor impacts can induce unique pressure‐dependent structural changes in minerals due to the propagation of shock waves. Plagioclase—ubiquitous throughout the Earth's crust, extraterrestrial bodies, and meteorites—is commonly used for reconstructing the impact history and conditions of the parent bodies. However, there have been unresolved inconsistencies in the interpretation of shock transformations across previous studies: The pressure at which amorphization begins and the process by which it occurs is the subject of ongoing debate. Here, we utilize time‐resolved in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to probe the phase transformation pathway of plagioclase during shock compression at a sub‐nanosecond timescale. Direct amorphization begins at pressures much lower than what was previously assumed, just above the Hugoniot elastic limit of 5 GPa, with full amorphization to a high‐density amorphous phase, observed at 32(10) GPa and 20 ns. Upon release, the material partially recrystallizes back into the original structure, demonstrating a memory effect.


The article introduced the experience of continuing medical education in Kelamayi center hospital.The author summarized that ideological education,establishing organization,standardization management system and providing funds were the important factors for continuing medical education development.Some suggestions of how to develop the continuing medical education were discussed.


Mucocele is benign painless swelling of minor salivary gland, which most commonly involves lower lip and is characterized as diffuse and fl uctuant. It is characterized by accumulation of mucin with spherical, well-circumscribed transparent, bluish colored lesion. Most of the time mococele is smaller than 1 cm extravasation cyst is mostly seen in association minor salivary gland whereas retention cyst in association with major salivary gland. Many treatment modalities have been mentioned in the literature, and surgical excision is advocated. The aim of this article is to emphasize on different treatment modalities and present a case report of complete excision of mucocele.


It is generally agreed that the principal process involved in ultrafiltration is one of sieve action, complicated by adsorption and other effects arising from the extremely large ratio of pore length to pore diameter in all ultrafilter membranes (1-5). The present paper discusses the r61e of sieving when a monodisperse system is forced through a perfectly isoporous falter membrane, under conditions of "normal" filtration (5), when the primary adsorbing capacity of the membrane has been satisfied, and blocking effects are absent. Under such conditions, it has often been implicitly assumed that the disperse phase either passes the filter in undiminished concentration or is completely retained. Thus, when filtration of a disperse system through membranes of different porosities yields filtrates of different concentrations, it appears that there are different sizes of particles in the suspension or solution. On this basis, it has been concluded, for example, that certain lyophobic hydrosols (6) and suspensions of urease (7) and bacteriophage (8) are polydisperse. However, while some of these systems probably do contain particles of varying sizes, the occurrence of a sieving effect (i.e., partial retention of the disperse phase in ultrafiltration) is not a criterion of polydispersion. As a matter of fact, sieving occurs in the ultrafiltration of proteins (9) which are known through the results of ultracentrifugal analysis to be virtually monodisperse (10, 11). The semi-quantitative theoretical treatment outlined below shows that such sieving in the filtration of a monodisperse system may be anticipated on statistical grounds, on the basis of simple steric limitations in the penetration of filter pores. ~


The community structure and succession of autotrophic picoplankton in several oligotrophic to hypertrophic German freshwater ecosystems were studied with emphasis on the occurrence and characterization of chlorophyte picoplankton. Depending on the trophic status and the time of the year, the relation of green eukaryotic picoplankton to picocyanobacteria, the contribution of the picoplankton to the total phytoplankton biomass, and the succession and dominance of picoplankton groups changed considerably. A significant correlation between the picoplankton abundances, their biomass and their biomass contribution could not be found. Although the chlorophyte picoplankton were similar with respect to their ultrastructure, phylogenetic analyses of the rbcL genes revealed that these organisms evolved independently within several green algal lineages. The most common picoplanktonic green algae in the lakes that were studied belong to the genera Choricystis and Pseudodictyosphaerium. Considering the new molecular biological findings, the systematics of picoplanktonic green algae from freshwater and marine habitats are discussed.


AbstractThe assessment of water availability using hydrological models is subject to modeling uncertainties. Model performance evaluation based on conventional likelihood measures on an overall tim...


This paper address a novel method for nonholonomic Wheeled Mobile Robot (NWMR) trajectory tracking using a hybrid controller. In the essential of the proposed scheme, hybrid algorithm includes fuzzy logic based Regulation, Pole-Placement and Tracking (F-RST). The hybrid controller easily track the reference trajectory and linearize the nonlinear behavior of robot under the influence of uncertainty and disturbance. To ensure the efficiency of suggested controller the performance of hybrid controller is compared with the classical RST and Back-stepping controller. Simulation results shows that the control strategy is effectively work over nonlinear simulations of kinematic and dynamic model of WMR and system response shows a good convergence and robustness towards stability with zero steady-state error and very less transient error.


This paper presents the application of the emulated bistatic radar (EBR) geometries to 3D interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar (In-ISAR) imaging techniques. The EBR is introduced into the height estimation of a target in order to reduce the expenses and complexity associated with standard interferometric processing systems, while the In-ISAR technique is reformulated to incorporate an EBR configuration. Simulation results show that the theoretical analysis is correct and the interferometric imaging algorithm is effective to the EBR configuration.


Heat transfer characteristics (HTCs) of a metallic rod during quenching were investigated in saturated water-based nanofluids and the results were compared to distilled water. In this study, a 50 mm length of cylindrical copper rod with a diameter of 15 mm was rapidly quenched at an initial temperature of 600 ℃ in saturated water-based nanofluids under atmospheric pressure. Three different types of nanoparticles (Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2) were used to obtain water-based nanofluids with 0.001% particle volume fraction. In this experiment, heat transfer rates were evaluated using the cooling curves (temperature vs time) of the copper rod quenched in different quenching media. Results showed that the quenching heat transfer in nanofluids was stochastic during the first quenching, with SiO2 showing a deterioration in HTC, enhancement was observed in Al2O3 and TiO2 compared to distilled water in the present work. However, after successive quenching, from second to seventh, all nanofluids demonstrated enhancement in the cooling time, with quenching in TiO2 nanofluid showing the most significant enhancement compared to distilled water. Some deposition of nanoparticles on the surface of the rod was noticed, due to oxidation in distilled water quench, and mixed oxidation and nanoparticles deposition in the nanofluid quench. The present work suggested oxidation lead to deterioration of HTC, but a mixed effect of oxidation and nanoparticles deposition during the quenching process, altered the surface roughness of the rod surface and improved wettability. Hence, it was possible that the effect of surface structure vapour during film boiling influenced the dynamics of the bubbles in nucleate boiling and therefore enhanced the rapid cooling of the rod.


This article demonstrates for the first time the merits of an immediate InAlGaN capping layer over self-assembled InxGa1−xN/GaN quantum dots (QDs) coaxially grown on the m-plane and r-plane of n-GaN nanowires on Si (111) substrate using metal organic chemical vapor deposition. For comparative analysis, we prepared InGaN/GaN QD samples both with and without quaternary capping. InAlGaN capping layer acted as a strain-driven phase separation alloy. Inhomogeneous surface strain over the dots helped this quaternary alloy in forming an indium concentration gradient over InxGa1−xN QDs and thus, indium out-diffusion from the dots was reduced. Quaternary alloy capped samples exhibited vertically stacked, highly dense, pyramidal InxGa1−xN/GaN QDs of improved carrier confinement grown as the active region on n-GaN NWs. In contrast, the nonexistence of InAlGaN capping over InGaN/GaN QDs caused deformation of the dots due to In–Ga inter-diffusion between the dots and the GaN barrier layer. Three kinds of InxGa1−xN/GaN QDs of different x with an InAlGaN capping layer were fabricated coaxially on n-GaN nanowire, whose emission wavelength were 380 nm, 450 nm and 510 nm respectively. These coaxially fabricated InxGa1−xN/GaN QDs on defect free n-GaN nanowires have various excellent characteristics and can be widely applicable to new optoelectronics semiconductor devices.


Welfare participation has been a longstanding issue of public debate for over the past 50 years, however participation remains largely understudied in welfare literature. Various public policies, racial discrimination, the war on poverty, fictitious political depictions of the "welfare queen", and a call for more stringent eligibility requirements all led up to the passage of welfare reform in the 1990s creating the new Temporary Aid for Needy Families (TANF) program. Under the new welfare program, work requirements and time limits narrowed the field of eligibility. The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that influence US welfare participation rates among the eligible poor in 2010. By analyzing demographic data in all 100 counties in North Carolina and 88 counties in Ohio, I examine a number of factors associated with Welfareto-work participation rates among those financially eligible. I include additional specified examinations focusing on predominantly White counties (OH n=24; NC n=10) in chapter 4, versus the more racially diverse counties (OH n=64; NC n=90) in chapter 3. I find that in each state (Ohio and North Carolina) there are different factors associated with participation rates among the eligible poor. The spatial inequalities between counties within states, and between states, vary in association with welfare-to-work participation. These findings have implications at the federal, state, and county level in regards to welfare policies that would be beneficial to truly providing aid to those in need at the local level.


Mauritius has a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients are often unaware of injuries to their feet. Early intervention is vital to prevent small injuries from turning into non-healing ulcers that could potentially result in gangrene and amputation. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge of diabetic patients in Mauritius about foot care, the prevention of foot problems and their application of foot care practices. A quantitative descriptive survey was done. A structured interview schedule was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 120 diabetic patients in five regional hospitals in Mauritius (n=120) during 2010. More than half of the respondents had not received any specific health education about foot care (62.5%; n=75). This could explain why many respondents did not adhere to basic precautions to prevent foot ulcerations such as checking water temperature, inspecting the soles of their feet, checking foot pulses and using moisturising cream. Of the respondents, 75.0% (n=90) were unaware that foot screening should be done annually while 46.7% (n=56) indicated that doctors did not inspect their feet during visits. Foot care education should be considered as an important component of diabetic health education and should be tailored according to the needs of the individual patients. It is the responsibility of all health professionals to determine whether patients understand what is being taught and to determine to what extent this knowledge is put into practice.


This paper is a tentative research into the bachelor's degree theses of an undergraduate college in Fujian province.Our analysis shows that students'inadequate ability in information retrieval is one of the important reasons that result in the low quality,and even,the plagiarism of the theses.It is thus suggested that it is essential to improve the present service functions of the libraries in colleges and universities.A deeper reflection on the relationship between the traditional service functions of library and the bachelor's degree thesis writing may shed some light on how to solve the existing problems.


The objective was to determine crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) digestibility of fish meal, defatted black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) larva meal, and adult BSF fed to pigs. Eight castrated male pigs with a body weight of 72.6 kg (standard deviation = 10.4) surgically fitted with T-cannulas in the distal ileum were individually housed in pens that were equipped with a feeder and a nipple drinker. The pigs were allotted to a replicated 4×5 incomplete Latin square design with 4 diets and 5 periods to obtain 9 replicates. Three experimental diets were prepared to contain fish meal (686 g/kg CP and 75 g/kg ether extract), defatted BSF larva meal (595 g/kg CP and 76 g/kg ether extract), and adult BSF (590 g/kg CP and 268 g/kg ether extract) as the sole source of AA. Additionally, a nitrogen-free diet based on corn starch and sucrose was formulated to determine the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. All diets contained 5 g/kg chromium oxide as an indigestible marker. Each period consisted of 4 days of adaptation and 2 days of ileal digesta collection. The coefficient of standardised ileal digestibility (CSID) of CP in defatted BSF larva meal was lower (0.738 vs 0.883; P<0.05) than that in fish meal but was higher (P<0.05) than that in adult BSF (0.561). The CSID of all indispensable AA except for methionine and phenylalanine in defatted BSF larva meal was lower (P<0.05) than that in fish meal. The CSID of all AA except for proline in defatted BSF larva meal was higher (P<0.05) than that in adult BSF. Overall, AA in defatted BSF larva meal were less digestible than those in fish meal when fed to growing pigs but were more digestible than those in adult BSF.


A device for storage of infants has an at least partially with a collar (11) provided with receiving area of a cot (10), whereby standing infant bed at a on a base (B) Adult bed (20) for common vertical movement with the adult bed releasably secured is. The children's bed (10) is on a separate frame (14) on the ground (B), the frame (14) has a vertically adjustable locking means (15) for fixing of the cot (10). Characterized in that the locking device (15) fastened in the adult bed (20) state of the baby bed (10) is in a dissolved and suspended state, the vertical movement of the cot (10) relative to its frame (14) together with the adult bed (20) permitted, and that the locking device (15) is fixed automatically when releasing the connection of the cot (10) with the adult bed (20), there is provided an easy, safe and reliable to operate apparatus for the storage of infants. However, the device can also be designed to achieve the same effect such that a coupling to an adult bed is not possible. In this case, the locking device (15) in a manually operated, the released state can be transferred which allows a vertical movement of the cot (10) relative to its frame (14), wherein the locking device (15) is automatically fixed at the completion of the manual operation. (Fig. 1)


We have proposed batch fabrication of silicon pyramids with upward CNTs on the tips at one time by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. To synthesize upward CNTs on the pyramid tips, an upward electric field was applied to the silicon pyramid array during the CVD process. By electric field simulation and verifying experiment on silicon one-dimensional array structures, we found that CNTs tended to grow from sharp tips in our method. We fabricated the silicon pyramid array with sharp tips by anisotropic wet etching. After the CVD process, CNTs growing from the tips of the pyramids were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result, about 70% of 100 times 100 silicon pyramid array had CNTs on the tips. Our method would be valuable for fabricating probes of atomic force microscope (AFM) with CNTs on the tips (CNT-AFM probes).


The development impact fee (DIF) zoning is used to adequately provide the pre-planned urban infrastructures in those urban and regional sectors where significant urban sprawl has already taken place followed by the rapid population growth. The infrastructure installation fees are levied to those landowners whose properties belong to the DIF zone in which they enjoy the direct benefits that accrue from the installed infrastructures. While the law is deemed to be equitable in that the actual beneficiaries pay for their benefits, it is required to designate the zone boundaries accurately and consistently since they are the very dividers that differentiate the legitimate fee-payers and the free-riders. This study, especially, tries to test a seemingly advanced alternative, so-called the cost-weighted distance measure, as a potential candidate to replace the current air-distance measures to designate the zone boundaries. The statistics indicate that the coefficient of variation for major indices spread from 11.75 to 35.6 in the case of the latter method, it only ranges from 0.21 to 0.76 in the case of the former. The zonal outcomes also show much higher consistency in their shapes. It is hoped, in this context, that the study findings could possibly be adopted in the future research efforts expected soon to amend and improve the current DIF zoning law.


This paper introduced the control survey,the construction survey and the GPS leveling of the twentieth street cross river bridge project in Harbin.Several application proposals about GPS technology were put forward in the high accuracy construction control network.


The present work proposes to evaluate the contribution of the insertion of photovoltaic solar generation in the power quality in a distribution network in Marechal Deodoro-AL. The simulations were performed through the ATPDraw (Alternative Transient Program) software. These simulations were in situations of overload, considering the system in maximum imbalance allowed by PRODIST (Distribution Procedures) and in permanent regime. The currents of the photovoltaic solar generators have a unit power factor, and they even inject about 320 A in one of the buses of the feeder segment. The results obtained through graphs show that with the insertion of photovoltaic systems in the network there is a contribution of up to 2% in the voltage level, in case of overload, contributing in the quality of energy to the consumer.


L-type horizontal well has became a new well type for CBM development in Qinshui Basin, And the staged fracturing technique of horizontal well is the key technology to improve gas production of single well for coalbed gas. At present, the main fracturing technology of horizontal well is the fracturing technology of tubing carrying a packer at the bottom, and daily gas production of it exceed 10000 cubic meters in Zhengzhuang with ultra-low permeability. And the average daily gas production of a well is more than 6000 cubic meters. In recent years, we have gradually explored different fracturing technologies, containing plug-perforation joint fracturing, coiled tubing fracturing and staged fracturing of spray gun with expanding diameter. Taking the L-type horizontal wells of the casing fracturing in Qinnan as the research object, the adaptability analysis and the evaluation of development effect of four fracturing technologies, including the fracturing of common tubing carrying a packer at the bottom, the fracturing of spray gun with expanding diameter, plug-perforation joint fracturing and coiled tubing fracturing, are carried out. The analysis results show that the fracturing technology of tubing carrying a single packer at the bottom has the advantages of simplicity, low price and good effect on development, which can be used as the main technology of the L-type horizontal wells of the casing fracturing.


The invention to which the divided portions, the divided output to the gate of a high voltage to the common voltage compensation circuit according to the gate voltage to compensate for the optimum common voltage according to the gate high voltage (VGH) change; An addition section for adding to the output a voltage output from the common voltage feedback and the voltage-dividing unit; And it is configured by a differential amplifier to output the common voltage compensation differential amplifying a voltage output from the addition section.


Nasal valve collapse is one of several causes of nasal obstruction. The safety and efficacy of a temperature‐controlled radiofrequency (RF) device for the treatment of the nasal valve for nasal airway obstruction (NAO) has been established in single‐arm studies. The objective of this trial was to compare active device treatment against a sham procedure (control).


A Latin square is said to be odd if it contains an odd number of rows and columns that are odd permutations. Otherwise, it is said to be even. Let the number of even Latin squares of order n be denoted els(n), and the number of odd Latin squares of order n be denoted ols(n). The following table summarizes the numbers of even and odd Latin squares for small n. n els(n) ols(n) els(n)-ols(n) Sloane A114628 A114629 A114630 1 1 0 1 2 2 0 2 3 6 6 0 4 576 0 576 5 80640 80640 0 6 505958400 306892800...


By proving a topological Paley-Wiener Theorem for Riemannian symmetric spaces of non-compact type, we show that a non-zero invariant differential operator is a homeomorphism from the space of test functions onto its image and hence surjective when extended to the space of distributions.


This work presents a performance evaluation approach of commercial numerical distance relays on little longer than half-wavelength transmission lines. Sliding fault simulations have been carried out in Alternative Transient Program using Bergeron and JMarti line models considering ideal and real transposition for different fault inception angles. The simulated voltage and current signals were applied through a programmable test set to a commercial relay. The results showed a good agreement between the apparent impedances and the positive-sequence impedances to the faults in cases of faults applied up to approximately 514 km from the sending end of the transmission line.


This study investigated the effect of gender grouping on cooperative learning on the basis of student achievement and science-teaming attitude. Homogeneous and heterogeneous gender groupings were used in the treatment groups for the learning strategies of earth science. Traditional instruction was performed for the control group. Three classes at a middle school were assigned to the groups. Before the treatment instruction, a questionnaire about science-learning attitude was administered to 144 students, and their scores were utilized as covariate. Then, the same questionnaire was given with a test of science achievement designed in this study. The changes in both achievement and attitude among the three groups were analyzed statistically. Significant differences were not shown in science achievement or in the difference of gender with respect to perceptions about science. There were significant changes between the homogeneous and heterogeneous gender grouping in their attitudes toward science instruction. Here the cooperative learning group, regardless of the gender grouping, tends to exhibit more positive perceptions towards their learning environment than the control group, particularly in female students.


Low-temperature thermochronology based on the isotopic chronology analysis is the most important tecton-thermal chronology dating method and is the most important branch and forward field of geochronology study.The research field mainly focuses on fission track dating and(U-Th)/He dating.The advance of low-temperature thermochronology in recent years is introduced firstly.Then,taking Dangyang synclinore and Jingshan region,mid Yangtze area for example,the application of low-temperature thermochronology to tecton-thermal history analysis of superimposed basins is discussed.The analysis results show that the dating indicators of different types of low temperature thermochronology can effectively constraint the tecton-thermal evolution process of a geological body when the paleo-temperature is 240℃.This gives a quantitative low temperature thermochronology evidence for studying tecton-thermal history of superimposed basins.


Climate change, one of the greatest challenges of our time, has gained increased global attention in recent years. Its far-reaching impact on the planet and human societies necessitates a thorough understanding of its causes, consequences, and potential solutions. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of climate change, exploring its implications, driving factors, and strategies to mitigate its effects.


Two approaches to modelling surface erosion are described which can be used to explain the development of geomorphological features. The first approach uses non-linear wave theory and shows how surface gradient discontinuities can arise as the erosion of an initially smooth surface proceeds. For isotropic erosion, surface shapes may be predicted by a simple application of the Huyghens wavefront construction and Snell's law at media boundaries. A second approach uses a computational cellular method. The general shapes predicted by the computer simulations are shown to agree with those determined from the wave approach. The application of the cellular method to problems of geomorphological interest are discussed.


By conventional measures that focus on diseases, injuries, and mortality, children in the United States are healthier now than even a few decades ago. They are less likely to die in childhood and more likely to be protected by immunizations against serious infectious diseases. Rates of death from injuries and exposures to some environmental hazards have decreased. The infant mortality rate has declined from 26 per 1000 in 1960 to 7 per 1000 in 2003, while the mortality rate among those younger than 5 years has declined from 30 per 1000 to 8 per 1000 during these years. Should these facts be reassuring? Are correct measures being used to evaluate child health? If not, how should child health be assessed? Language: en


The book is rooted in a five-year interdisciplinary project of the Center for Understanding Sustainable Prosperity in the UK, which dealt with the concept of 'good life' in the face of global multiple crises. Part of which was related to the arts and culture and their role in dealing with current socio-economic and environmental crises. The topic of the book is timely and surprisingly under-researched. ideas and studies presented in the the prevailing perspectives on cultural and creative industries as desired tools to boost economic recovery to enhance economic growth, urban revitalization, and social inclusiveness. It is an important contribution which disenchants the creative work – often perceived as green per se – and points to the environmental costs, such as the resource use, pollution or waste associated with some of the creative sectors. It also exposes the issues of multiple social inequalities inside the creative economy. On the other hand, it shows huge potential inside the creativity field for becoming a tool for radical transformation of the economic growth-centered development model.


Little is known about the physiologic determinants of 6-minute walk distance in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We investigated the demographic, pulmonary function, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic determinants of 6-minute walk distance in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis evaluated for lung transplantation. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 130 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who completed a lung transplantation evaluation at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania between 2005 and 2010. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to generate an explanatory model for 6-minute walk distance. After adjustment for age, sex, race, height, and weight, the presence of right ventricular dilation was associated with a decrease of 50.9 m (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.4–93.3) in 6-minute walk distance (P = 0:02). For each 200-mL reduction in forced vital capacity, the walk distance decreased by 15.0 m (95% CI, 9.0–21.1; P < 0:001). For every increase of 1 Wood unit in pulmonary vascular resistance, the walk distance decreased by 17.3 m (95% CI, 5.1–29.5; P = 0:006). Six-minute walk distance in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis depends in part on circulatory impairment and the degree of restrictive lung disease. Future trials that target right ventricular morphology, pulmonary vascular resistance, and forced vital capacity may potentially improve exercise capacity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.


Reliable Yankee dryer performance is a key contributor to the smooth operation of every tissue machine. This paper will explore how through the use of 3D TRASAR Technology for Yankee Dryer Systems from Nalco, tissue manufacturers are able to protect this vital mill asset by monitoring/controlling critical parameters within the Yankee dryer condensate system. When applied, 3D TRASAR Technology for Yankee dryer systems is able to monitor/control the return condensate system to ensure that appropriate chemical treatment programs are applied in response to the dynamic nature of the Yankee dryer steam system. Through examination of the chemical reactions occurring within the return condensate system and customer case histories, this paper reviews the actual performance results achieved through use of this technology including:


The formulation of the energy principle proposed by Boozer [Phys. Plasmas 6, 831 (1999)] for the analysis of the toroidal plasma stability with respect to the resistive wall modes is discussed. One of its main features is the introduction of a surface current on the "control surface," through which the influence of an external environment on the plasma is simulated. Here the classical example "ideal plasma-vacuum-the ideal wall" is used to show that, with such modeling, the energy conservation in the ideal magnetohydrodynamics is broken. This can be one of the possible reasons of the systematic discrepancy of plasma stability limits calculated with the VALEN code [Bialek et al. Phys. Plasmas 8, 2170 (2001)], where the discussed model is used, from the results of other codes.


In the Netherlands, as in many other Western countries, state compensation for violent crime victimization is only to be granted if the applicant provides a plausible victimization story and did not contribute to the crime. However, due to the discretion left to those who decide upon requests for state compensation, decisions about state compensation may be subject to the influence of legally irrelevant factors. This study investigated the potential influence of one such legally irrelevant factor: feelings of sympathy for the applicant. Forty-seven lawyers who work for the Dutch Violent Offences Compensation Fund (VOCF) were presented five vignettes about a fictitious act of violent crime and asked to rate their feelings of sympathy for the victims and to indicate how they would decide about the victims' requests for state compensation. Results indicate that feelings of sympathy may indeed play a role in the decision-making process.


The principle of active laser imaging guidance technology is introduced.Three kinds of scannerless imaging system are analyzed,such as based on the phase scannerless imaging technology,based on the multiple-slit streak tube imaging technology and based on array technology.Their principle,characteristics and the current development are investigated.The application in the navigation of the cruising missile is discussed.Valuable conclusions are proposed for the application of scannerless active laser imaging guidance technology in certain circumstance.


Abnormal bowing of the bones in children following trauma, interpreted as a plastic deformation of bone, is recognized in only past two decades as a clinical and radiological entity. These unusual fractures may be missed initially due to absence of typical fracture lines. Missing the diagnosis may cause permanent disability. A two and half year old boy with acute plastic bowing fracture of fibula with intact ipsilateral tibia is presented.


AMedical conditions require proper attention as some of them especially those occurring in women that are expecting pregnancy require proper care. Although pregnancy exposes them to several critical health conditions, most of these conditions were actually in existence before pregnancy with their causes traced back to poor nutrition resulting from food intake. However, there have been a good number of food recommendation systems in existence with few of them being context-aware. This work is aimed at performing a critical review of the food recommender systems that considers medical conditions and design the food ontology for critical medical conditions that adopts the pathology test results of patients in caring for the existing medical conditions such as pregnancy. Focus of the framework is on deploying a multilingual ontology-based approach in addition to other required approaches for recommendations. This work also introduces the addition of uncooked food in the food ontology for recommendations. The proposed food ontology for critical medical conditions considers the required nutrients based on the combination of several factors including the pathology test results, location/language, medical conditions and user preferences. The use of this food ontology framework for food recommender is reliable due to the additional factors.


We present a novel multigrid scheme based on a cut‐cell formulation on regular staggered grids which generates compatible systems of linear equations on all levels of the multigrid hierarchy. This geometrically motivated formulation is derived from a finite volume approach and exhibits an improved rate of convergence compared to previous methods. Existing fluid solvers with voxelized domains can directly benefit from this approach by only modifying the representation of the non‐fluid domain. The necessary building blocks are fully parallelizable and can therefore benefit from multi‐ and many‐core architectures.


The increasing use of distributed electronic networks to enhance C3I capability raises the issue of vulnerability to network attack and its impact on C3I. This paper reports preliminary work in the modelling and simulation of these C3I networks to analyse their vulnerability to different forms of attack. A discrete event model is used to simulate the complex traffic flow across the network. Standard measures of network performance are used, such as capacity, throughput, loss probability and delay, as well as the impact on C3I systems themselves. The vulnerability of the C3I system is expressed in terms of the degradations in network and C3I performance when exposed to different attack scenarios resulting in loss of system components.


The city of Beirut is home to a very large number of historic monuments. Given the recent development boom following the years of civil strife, modern projects have begun to encroach on the spaces afforded older monuments. Recently, excavation works adjacent to the Lady of Annunciation Church resulted in severe cracking and deformations within the walls and floors of the stone and brick structure. The shoring provisions which were executed within the excavated lot consisted of contiguous bored piles with pre-stressed anchors. The failure occurred when the excavation works had progressed to a level of about 12m below original grade. Faced with the imminent catastrophic collapse of the church, the Municipality of Beirut ordered the immediate backfilling of the site in order to limit further movements. The case study presented in this paper includes the details and results of the geotechnical forensic investigation which included an array of measures and efforts, all implemented in an environment of urgency, given the need to find the cause of the failure, and propose and implement remedial measures which would spare the church. The analyses, monitoring measures and actual remedial works adopted and successfully completed at the site are presented and discussed.


The emphasis on increased turbofan fuel efficiency requires advanced turbofan designs that will integrate higher engine bypass ratios and shorter nacelles. The resulting acoustic signature of these designs will have a more broadband character as well as a smaller available area for liner installation. This two-fold impact compels a need for an improvement in the state of the art in liner technology. Increasing the acoustic absorption efficacy over a broader frequency range is a means to address this need. An acoustic liner development and optimization process was conceived and employed to achieve and demonstrate an improved broadband liner design concept. A series of increasing technology readiness level liner studies were conducted to enhance the optimization methodology while validating the concept. This progression spanned several NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate programs/projects due to its relevance. This article reviews the development and evaluation process of the multi-degree-of-freedom liner technology concept from formation through simple experimental models to a flight test over an approximate 10-year period, focusing on the discrete tests comprising the development.


Over the past three decades, computer models have been developed to study building evacuation. Regardless of the complexity of these models, they all account for human characteristics such as physical movement represented by walking speeds. The current study expands previous research by introducing other human performance behaviors, which include maximum walking speed, and normal and maximum crawling speeds. Twenty-six college students participated in the study. Results indicate significant differences between normal walking speed and each of maximum walking speed, normal and maximum crawling speeds. The study also normalizes the results to walking. In addition, the study suggests that other human performance measures such as fatigue and physical exertion should be accounted for in future evacuation models.


The high intensity of flooding in Indonesia makes people have to be aware of flood disasters. An important factor in flood disaster management is community preparedness which requires knowledge about flood disaster risks. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge with flood disaster preparedness in the community. This research design is correlation analytic with cross sectional approach. The population of this study were all responsible family heads aged 20-50 years, totalling 143 families. In this study using simple random sampling (n = 38 people). The instrument used was a questionnaire. The results showed that most of the respondents had sufficient knowledge 25 people (65.8%), most of the respondents were alert to flood disasters 25 people (65.8%). The results of the Spearman Rho test analysis obtained a pvalue of 0.000 less than α (0.05) and a coefficient correlation value of 0.678 so that H1 is accepted, which means that there is a strong relationship between the level of knowledge and preparedness for flood disasters in the community. Knowledge will affect the community's concern to be ready and alert in anticipating disasters, especially for those who live in areas vulnerable to flooding.


.-. -_ The Parke-Taylor multigluon amplitudes are examined in the multi-R,egge kinematics, which assumes strong rapidity ordering of the produced gluons, and are used to compute the n-gluon production cross section and the gluon-gluon total cross section. Submitted to Physics Letters B * Work supported by the Department of Energy, contract DE-AC03-76SF00515. In hadron scattering processes with large momentum transfer Q2, of the order of the center of mass energy s, we evaluate the physical quantities of interest by performing perturbative QCD calculations of parton cross sections as series expansions in the strong coupling constant cr,. Since the calculation of the coefficients in the series becomes quickly complicated as one goes to higher orders in the expansion, only very few coefficients are usually computed, that is calculations are performed at a fixed (and small) order in ad. At the Tevatron, LHC and SSC hadron colliders a new kinematical region, the semihard region, characterized by scattering processes with s >> Q2 >> A&,, becomes important. In this region the momentum transfer is large enough to allow perturbative QCD calculations, but so much smaller than the center of mass energy that processes with production of a large number of partons become relevant. In the series expansion of the parton cross section each coefficient contains the logarithm _ of alarge ratio of kinematical invariants, of the order of In (s/Q2), and the effective expansion parameter becomes the product oS In (s/Q2), which may be O(1). Thus . .-. -_ in the series expansion we have to retain many higher orders, which open up several real channels and are the cause of the abundant production of partons. To keep all this into account properly it is useful to have techniques that resum all the orders in the effective expansion parameter. To this end it is necessary to have analytical, albeit approximate, expressions for multiparton amplitudes. In the semihard region, the leading contribution to scattering processes always comes from the exchange of a particle of highest spin, in our case a gluon, in the crossed channel"' . In the case of multiple gluon emission the rapidity interval between the scattered partons is filled with gluons. In the multi-Regge kinematics, which yields the leading logarithmic contribution to the cross section, the rapidi_ ties of the emitted gluons are strongly ordered. Fadin, Kuraev and Lipatov"] computed long ago the multigluon amplitude in the multi-Regge kinematics. This amplitude contains all the virtual radiative corrections, whose effect is to reggeize the gluons exchanged in the crossed channel*']13' . Balitsky, Fadin, Kuraev and Lipatov (BFKL)"] computed then the total parton-parton cross section, by putting


Samuel Naumbourg (1815-1880) was a cantor-composer and scholar who rejuvenated synagogue song in Paris, according to modern musical practices. The French government commissioned him to arrange a service to be introduced into all French synagogues. As a result of this endeavor, in 1845 Naumbourg earned the title of Chief Cantor of Paris.Naumbourg had close contact with the leading musicians of his time. Included in his three volume opus ZEMIROT YISRAEL (vols. 1 and 2 published in 1847; vol 3, 1857) are, in addition to his own compositions, works and adaptations by HaLevy and Mayerbeer, and three compositions dedicated to Rossini.Naumbourg was held in great esteem by the Paris community and was appointed professor of Liturgical Music at the Seminaire Israelite. BBThe song has always been considered the most powerful adjunct of the prayer; it inspires meditation, it creates a mood of fervor, touches the heart of mankind and renders it open to religious feelings. Almost all nations of antiquity, in which existed ceremonies of the (Jewish) religion, recognized the power of Music. In fact, which art is more effective to incite joy or sadness, to render happiness sweeter and affliction less bitter? Music opens the human heart to the most noble feelings and produces, among all the members of a congregation, such a harmony of thoughts and sentiments, that the souls of all seemed mingled into one. Sacred writing teaches us that Song and Music were employed in all solemn moments of domestic and religious life. A thousand voices of the huge choirs resounded in the Temple, holidays and victories were celebrated by song and the sounds of instruments, and Music was not missing at any great event of public life.1 It is not without interest that the history of our religious song follows the course of the Bible and draws out all the solemn musical occasions that the Bible mentions. According to Genesis (4:21) the invention of Music is attributed to Jubal, the son of Lemech but it is only 600 years after the deluge that the Scripture again speaks of Music, at the time when Jacob was pursued by Laban (Genesis 31:27). Two hundred and forty-eight years later, in the crossing of the Red Sea, we find the first religious hymn intoned by Moses and the Hebrew People. Further (Numbers 10:2), there is talk of trumpets destined to reunite the community and to give the signal for departure, and of the Shofar2 that is held for the celebration of the first day of Tishre (ibid 29:1). The scripture again keeps silent about our subject from the death of Moses until the time of the Judges; but here we find the second hymn sung by Deborah and Barak (Judges 5:1) and a hundred years later, at the event of the unfortunate daughter of Jephte, the dance and tambourine are spoken of (ibid 10:34). From this epoch until that of Samuel's, there is no trace of music in the holy books. Samuel instituted a school of Prophets3 where Song and Music were undoubtedly made part of the instruction.Under the reign of Saul, holy King by Samuel, we find two musical circumstances which are quite remarkable. Saul, after his coronation, encounters a band of men inspired by the divine spirit, prophesizing to the sounds of instruments; at their approach, he himself is seized by holy inspiration and he prophesizes with them (Samuel 10:5-6). Later, the prey of dark melancholy, the King sends for young David, who by his admirable playing and his inspired songs dissipates the dark torments which cloud his soul (ibid. 17:23).On David's succession to the throne of Israel (2890 year of the creation), interest in music took a greater bound. The royal poet exclusively dedicated his art to the glorification of God and he composed these hymns and psalms which extol the praises of the Lord in such magnificent language. These holy songs are truly heavenly inspirations and no people in history possesses any as sublime.4 David first made use of music in religious ceremonies when he transported the Holy Ark from the house of Obed-Edom to Jerusalem, during which occasion the King and the people danced to the accompaniment of Song and trumpets, in front of the Holy Ark. …


Background: Acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a rare complication which often results in the loss of kidney graft. The objective of this retrospective monocentric study was to evaluate three different approaches to AMR. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated data files from 1226 patients who had undergone renal transplantation in 1/2002 – 12/2008. In 2002 2003, patients with AMR were treated with 5 plasmaphereses (PP group, n= 13), and in 2004 2008 they received 5 PP along with intravenous immunoglobulin (PP+ IVIG, 0.2g/kg, n=21). Third group consisted of patients with persistence of presence of donor specific antibodies who received a single dose of rituximab (PP+ IVIG+ anti-CD20, n= 11). At 12 months followup data were analyzed. Results: First year graft survival was significantly higher in the PP+ IVIG group than in PP group (90.5% vs. 46.2%; p= 0.027), similarly patient survival was higher in the same group (95.2% vs. 76.9%; p= 0.001). The incidence of infectious complications was similar. First year graft survival in rituximab group was 63.5%. Conclusion: In this retrospective single center study the superiority of plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin was proven in the treatment of early acute antibody-mediated rejection of renal allograft.


: This paper, presents a theoretical description, elucidating conceptions of mentoring for beginning teachers and the knowledge base of mentors' courses in the Israeli school system. This theoretical description is based upon the practical experience gained in these courses. Mentoring is perceived as a gradual, dialectic function, replete with tension and conflicts, for which specific training is required. The challenges inherent in these internal tensions stimulate discussion and thought. No matter how effective teachers may be at their jobs, they will have to rethink their professional function when serving as mentors. This paper serves to provide the rationale and primary guidelines for mentoring courses. The professional conception of mentoring, as it has emerged in Israel, bears implications for teacher education and mentoring and their respective contributions to the entire educational system.


The present invention relates to a thermal management device that is constructed from flexible graphite. In one embodiment, the thermal management device includes a wick structure inside the shell. In certain preferred embodiments, the core structure consists of a collection of expanded graphite. In another embodiment, the shell of the device includes a wick structure used by the flexible graphite and desired. In certain preferred embodiments, the flexible graphite shell is fluid impermeable. The present invention further encompasses the above-described method for fabricating a thermal management device.


Profile/base organization in cognitive linguistics emphasizes a hierarchy of salience imposed on construal by usage events of some concept. Shift in terms of profile/base alignment is highly likely to occur in a cross-linguistic/cultural context. Granted two definitive features of translation, i.e., accountability of a TT to the ST's textually-grounded intention, unless the TT has an otherwise stated intention, and systematicity attained within the TT itself, whether the shift(s) in a translation are explainable and how fall within our concern. This paper has examined the profile/base organization in two Chinese translations of the opening paragraph of William Faulkner's The Sound and The Fury, and attempted to locate the factors to account for the textual realization in the TTs as such.


We developed a laser system at 457 nm based on a CW ring Ti:Sap laser and an enhanced cavity SHG in LBO and KN crystals with linewidth < 30 KHz for interferometry experiments with Mg atomic beams. For laser cooling and deflection of a Mg beam, a laser system at 285 nm based on a ring R6G CW dye laser and SHG in BBO nonlinear crystal has been realized. The results of Mg interferometry experiments in four-beam Borde' geometry and the results of Zeeman cooling experiments in a transverse magnetic field are presented. Zero order interference fringes corresponding to the recoil doublet with the resolution of approximately 30 KHz were detected. A Mg beam with a flux of approximately 1011 atoms/s, the mean velocity of approximately 200 m/s, and the width of velocity distribution of approximately 50 m/s (FWHM) have been obtained.


A bedload movement detector of novel design was installed in a gravel-bed stream as a component of the ongoing research on sediment transport dynamics in the Stuart–Takla Experimental Watersheds in north-central British Columbia, Canada. The device is designed to collect information on the patterns and timing of bedload transport during a flood event. The device is based on a passive magnetic sensor that produces signals of 10−2 to 10−5 V as its magnetic field is disturbed by passing clasts. A series of 82 sensors is housed in an aluminum beam placed across the stream, inserted such that its surface is flush with the gravel bed. The device can be raised or lowered to compensate for bed aggradation and scour. A data acquisition system gathers voltage signals from the sensors at rates of 30 to 100 Hz. This device is sensitive enough to record the movement of most volcanic, metamorphic, granitic and ultramafic clasts larger than a few millimetres.

O'Ne-ell Creek watershed is a 68 km2 tributary basin of the Middle River drainage system in the northern headwaters of the Fraser River. Bedload transport generally occurs twice a year in the Stuart–Takla streams: once during spring floods and again during salmon spawning activity. Bedload moved only during two days in 1998, at the peak of the relatively small nival flood in May. Nevertheless, the device detected at least 3×106 passing clasts. A continuous record of bedload transport was obtained, showing: a pulsating pattern of activity seemingly independent of stage, lateral movement of the transport zone, and a sudden onset of bed movement with a tapered cessation.

We anticipate that more sophisticated calibration of the sensors and accelerated sampling rates will provide detailed information on the size and/or velocity and magnetic permeability of particles moving over the device, and will contribute to a better understanding of bedload transport. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Results are reported of a clinical examination and surgical treatment of seven cases with gastro-jejunocolic fistulas and five cases with gastroileoanastomosis. The clinical picture, irrigography, steatorrhea, hypoproteinemia, etc. are stressed upon as important for the diagnosis. The operation result depended on the degree of the resorbtive disturbances, on successful reanimation and frequent postoperative complications. Postoperative lethality is five out of 12 cases.


Objective To study the neurotoxicity effects of avermectine to the rat nervous system on the nerve metabolism enzyme,discussed the neurologic toxic effect mechanism of avermectine on rats.Methods Seventy-two Wistar rats(clean animal grade) were randomly grouped by weight and divided into three groups.Rats were treated every daily with 0(normal sodium control group) or 2.5,5.0 mg/kg body weight of avermetine solution by intragastic administration of 20 ml/kg weight,for three times;eight rats were executed each group separately after 7 d,14 d and 21 d,the body weight,the cerebrum weight were detected,the organ body ratio were calculated and the activity of the glutamine gynthetase(GS),the lactic dehydrogenase(LDH),the creatine kinase(CK) were determined also,as well as the activity of calcineurin(CaN) in the cerebrum.Results Avermectine may caused excited symptom such were determined also,as restlessness,threshless,fighting in 5 mg/kg avermctine group.7 d after avermectine intragastic administration the symptom were abolition,and the rats changed to be silence,general fatigue,and unsteadiness in such group.On the countrary the rats of 2.5 mg/kg avermectine group had no symptoms.Avermectine had no influence to the rat body weight growth and brain body ratio,compared with control group(P 0.05).2.5 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg avermetine groups can increased the activity of LDH,GS,CK in cerebrum,and decreased the activity of CaN in cerebrum,compared with control group(P0.05 or P0.01).There had no statistics difference in different sex(P0.05).Conclusion Avermectine may cause the toxic effect in rat nervous system through creating the nerve metabolism enzyme activity.


In present article the author has tried to define Sadik Transform in distributional sense. Some of the properties of Sadik transform are proved. Boehmian Space for Sadik distributional transform is defined along with some basic properties.


We propose and demonstrate a cascaded LC-SLM module combined the phase- and amplitude-modulated characteristics of two LC-SLMs to dynamically perform three-dimensional object reconstruction of digital holograms. Both analytical and experimental results are presented and discussed.


The aim of present study was the isolation, purification, partial characterization and antibacterial activities of compound produced by some actinomycetes from sedimented waters. Actinomycetes are gram positive, non motile, non capsulated bacteria that are characterized by the formation of branching filaments. The emergence of pathogenic bacteria which are resistant to multiple antibiotics, represent growing threat to human health and has given additional importance to the search for the newer drugs. Approximately two-thirds of the known secondary metabolites are produced by members of the order actinomycetales. The water samples of the region of Tamilnadu, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh have the capability to produce Actinomycetes. Luria-Bertani agar medium was one of the best medium for the isolation of Actinomycetes from sedimented water. The antibacterial assay of isolated Actinomycetes was carried out against some gram positive and gram negative microorganisms. The cultural characteristics of the isolated strains were studied from the antibacterial assay and the strain ST6 was selected for further study. Fermentation of ST6 was carried out by using synthetic medium 1. The recovery of the fermentation broth was carried by vaccum filtration and centrifugation. Extract of supernatants S1, S2 were carried out by using solvent ethyl acetate, chloroform. The two extracts SAM 1, SAM 11 were recovered. Their antibacterial activity was studied by using E.coli (ATCC 11880), S.aureus (ATCC 29737), S. typhi (ATCC 2356), M.luteus (ATCC 11880). The zone of inhibition was observed. Sam 11 showed good zone of inhibition as compared to SAM 1. The analysis of the two extracts were carried out by the Rf values were found to be as 0.8 (SAM 1), 0.79 (SAM 11). Also from UV and IR studies the SAM 1 and SAM 11 showed the λmax of 230nm and 250nm. The IR spectrum of SAM 1 indicated the functional groups like C=O, C-O, NH, aromatic substituted compound and for SAM 11 indicated the functional groups like C=O, C-O, NH, HX and aromatic substituted compound. The DNA of ST6 was extracted by cell lysis technique and purification was carried out by agarose gel electrophoresis. The DNA bands were separated according to the molecular weight as compared with standard marker DNA.


Abstract Background Asthma is a treatable chronic disease of airway inflammation with varying levels of control and severity. Biological therapy is an effective evidence-based treatment for patients with allergic and eosinophilic phenotypes of asthma who are classified as poorly controlled moderate to severe asthma. Yet, evidence-based treatments are infrequently used to support effective care of poorly controlled moderate and severe asthma. This quality improvement (QI) project aimed to increase the number of patients with uncontrolled moderate to severe asthma at an outpatient asthma center who are screened and referred for biologic therapy when appropriate. Methods A guideline-based biologic screening protocol was implemented using plan-do-study-act (PDSA) methodology allowing for a systematic approach for implementation, monitoring and making adjustments. A pre- and post-independent groups comparative design was utilized to evaluate screening and referral data. Results Screening improved significantly from pre- (n = 30, 23.8%) to post-implementation (n = 17, 70.8%), p < 0.001; phi = .372. Referrals to biologics also improved from 42.4% (n = 28) to 93.3% (n = 14), p < 0.001; phi = .396. Providers reported increased knowledge, confidence, and satisfaction with the asthma screening protocol at post-implementation. Conclusions The implementation of an asthma screening protocol for asthma patients in an ambulatory center is an effective way of increasing screening for eligibility for biologic therapy. Adhering to the standard of care based on evidence-based guidelines increased access to biologic therapy with a higher percentage of patients being referred for therapy.


Method of comparative examination with test bacterial carrier was used to observe experimentally the accuracy to Songlin chemical indicators of ethylen e oxide in indicating the germicidal efficacy of ethylene oxide. The results indicated that under conditions of 48±2℃and relative humidity of70%±10%, after sterilization treatment with ethylene oxide 800±20 mg/L, the spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger on the bacterial carrier were killed, the test syringes were sterilized and the colors of both chemical indicators changed from original red to standard blue. When the sterilization time was not long enough to kill the bacterial spore or treatment with the same temperature and relative humidity in the absence of ethylene oxide, the color of the indicators remained to be red. The results of indication are reliable.


Organic thin film transistors(OTFTs) were simulated by a SPICE model adopted in hydrogenated amorphous TFTs(a-Si:H). The gate voltage-dependent mobilities were assumed to fit the representative current-voltage characteristics. The optimal fitting procedures were suggested to compare the experimental data with the mathematical expressions used in the amorphous TFTs. Each SPICE parameter explains the gate dependent mobilities in OTFTs originating from the distribution of trap sites for the hopping conduction.


The ACD-IDEA database, originally developed by the authors, stores main results of scientific publications on animal experiments realized around the world during the last 100 years. In this paper a common statistical analysis of this database is presented. On the basis of the knowledge extracted from this database, a rule-based model is developed that is able to estimate lethal drug dosages for a given groups of compounds and animals. A decision tree is designed and a set of association rules with exceptions is created. This model can be used for determining lethal dosage values for drugs of the category "General anesthetic compounds" and for animals of the group "rabbit, cat, dog, guinea pig". This model can also be used in a diverse set of problems of pharmacological research and education.


This paper is for making intelligent service models and presents examples using those models. The intelligence in a robot is necessary to make a robot provide much proper services to users. To do so, a lot of things are needed: service's mechanism, service models, and so on. In this paper, we just concentrate on modeling services. There would be several ways to provide an intelligent service. Here, we use Bayesian networks to model a service and each model represents each target situation including contextual information. Using the advantage of the Bayesian networks, services can be served even if there's no enough data to start them and/or even if under uncertainty


The research effort into unmanned and autonomous ships has increased significantly over the last decade. Although not all required technology is currently commercially available, consensus is that from a technical standpoint, unmanned shipping is possible. The next question is: is it economically feasible to operate an unmanned ship. The article investigates which operation parameters influence the economic feasibility of differently sized unmanned ships the most.


It is important for enterprises to communicate effectively with customers and satisfy their different requirements in the new environment. Customer relationship management system has been studied and datamining technology has been applied in CRM system in this article.


This article analyzes Immanuel Kant's concept of radical evil within the broader corpus of Kant's practical works in order to ascertain whether suicidal terrorism can be interpreted using his philosophical framework. Said analysis establishes the dynamic between radical evil and other characteristics of Kantian human nature – unsocial-sociability and propensity towards humanity, whilst focusing on the political implications of said dynamic. When analyzed utilizing the established framework of politics of radical evil, suicidal terrorism reveals the extremities of human behavior as well as potential flaws of Kantian philosophy.


Previous chapter discussed shortcomings in cost optimization of non-hierarchical mobile access network. Non-hierarchical mobile access network is a fading architecture with several issues like (i) no concrete levels at access layer (ii) less number of network components are involved, (iii) cost optimization based on limited number of network components, and (iv) cost optimization is NP hard and needs better heuristic algorithm. This chapter discusses solutions to overcome the above issues by using hierarchical mobile access network. So that, performance in modern advanced mobile networks can be improved by incorporating these proposed techniques.


The concept of relevance has played a major role in the evaluation of information retrieval and its research without much consideration of users. While methodological deficiencies have been noted and criticized, the study of relevance is still suffering from much discussion of alternative methods. This article discusses the need to develop the concept of user-based relevance for the benefit of users and for the meaningful development of future research in information retrieval. Some of the characteristics of users' criteria of relevance are examined from the literature. The use of a qualitative research approach is suggested as an alternative methodology for studying user-based relevance along with a discussion of the essential characteristics and the core philosophical assumptions underlying the inquiry paradigm. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Objective To investigate the characteristics of acute non-pesticide poisoning in elder people.Methods 89 cases(≥60 years old) of acute non-pesticide poisoning and 761 cases of poisoning (60 years old) was collected.The study indexes included the causes of poisoning,kind of poison,way of poisoning,time of poison contact,etc.Results Among the 89 cases,male to female ratio was 1∶1.07,the major poison was sedative-hypnotics(38.2%),carbon monoxide(36%),cardiovascular drug poisoning(12.4%),alcohol(9.0%) and others(4.5%),the admission rate was 49.9%,the mortality rate was 2.2%.Conclusions The major poisons of acute non-a pesticide poisoning were drug and carbon monoxide.


Access to potable and safe water is one of the basic needs, which is important for health, productivity and quality of life. Recognizing the importance of providing safe drinking water supply and improved sanitation, Concern Universal (CU) has been a leading NGO in Malawi in
the water and sanitation sector, with an ambitious target of providing adequate domestic water and basic sanitation
facilities to the rural communities of Malawi. CU promotes and advocates the need to introduce low cost and appropriate technology in the water and sanitation sector. Given the present coverage and technologies available,
Malawi urgently needs to find a means of accelerating its populations' access to clean safe water and adequate sanitation
facilities. CU plays a role in identifying appropriate and low cost existing and new technologies in water and sanitation, such as alternative drilling methods.


Protecting the interests of mid-and-small investors is one of the key problems to be solved in present security market.This paper analyses the relationship between corporate governance and the protection of mid-and-small investor' s interests from the aspects of theory and present conditions.And based on this analysis,the paper puts forward strategies of perfecting corporate governance and protecting the interests of mid-and-smaU investors from the perspectives of share structure,board governance,information disclosure and the perfecting of legal system.


In our region, the spread of COVID-19 has deepened the vulnerability of millions of small producers and agricultural workers, intensifying uncertainty for this large part of the population. This new reality is even more intense in countries with high levels of food insecurity, since they are more exposed to the pandemic, are particularly vulnerable to a range of threats and have limited installed capacities to cope with additional risks. Consequently, if this situation is not effectively addressed in the region, the risk is that all the progress made in overcoming poverty and hunger and achieving Sustainable Development Goals will come to nothing.


In this paper, a higher‐order alternative‐direction‐implicit (ADI) finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method is presented. The dispersion analysis is performed and the results are compared with those derived from the regular ADI‐FDTD method. Based on the dispersion analysis, a guideline for choosing an appropriate time step in the ADI‐FDTD implementation is also developed. Both numerical simulation and dispersion analysis demonstrate the advantage of this higher order ADI‐FDTD method for improving accuracy. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 8–12, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10808


Figures Acknowledgments Introduction 1 The Urban Canadian Grandparents 2 The Upper Country Ojibwa Grandparent 3 Charles Sr's Fur Trade Career 4 Charles and Charlotte in Montreal 5 A Wild Man's Land and a World of Virgil 6 Farmer and Cavalry Man: Charles Jr 7 Ojibwa Chief and Montreal Policeman: Charles Jr 8 Soldier, Clerk, and a Last Adventure: James 9 Dandy Turned Hero: William 10 Suppressing Riots in Montreal: William 11 Murder, Militia, and Military Intelligence: William 12 The Ermatinger Women 13 A Lost Past, a Future Unattained Appendices Notes Bibliography Index


Analytical models have been extensively used to analyze the performance of production systems. Due to their enormous state spaces, the analysis of such models is very often approximated and limited to stationary first moment performance measures. However, in presence of randomness, the system performance observed in the short-medium run can be significantly different from the long term average performance. Moreover, modern systems often never reach the steady state due to the continuous product and process modifications that take place over time. Therefore, the analysis of higher order system performance measures in the short run has recently attracted more and more attention both by scientist and practitioners. This paper proposes an approximate model to analyze the performance of asynchronous production lines with finite capacity buffers. The transient probabilities of such model are analyzed by assuming a quasi product form. This assumption simplifies the dependency structure of the model and leads to a relatively small set of ordinary differential equations (ODE) that can be used to compute an approximation of the transient probabilities. The accuracy of this approximate method is studied by comparing the numerical results with those provided by simulation.


Abstract . The speed of culinary industry development in Bandung nowadays needs promotion activities which can reach consumer more wider, one of them by using twitter @infobdg service as a promotion media . The @ infobdg account needs an activity action of mixed marketing as a stimulus so that culinary entrepreneurs tend to promote through its service as  a respond of  the stimulus. The study aims is to know about the correlation between mixed activity and marketing that @infobdg has done which supported by 7 aspects such as, product, price, promotions, people, physical evidence , and process follows by the culinary entrepreneurs interest in Bandung as followers to promote via  the @infobdg account . The methodology study is quantitative goes to correlation methods. By means of samples amounting to 48 culinary entrepreneur respondents in Bandung as followers cooperate with @infobdg, so that the study used  a totally technical sampling. The conclusion of this study illustrates there is a sufficient correlation means presence between mixed marketing activities of @ infobdg with  the product, price, promotions, people, physical evidence, and process. And also there is a place aspect which has low correlation but it makes sure that  entrepreneurs interest in Bandung as followers. Keywords:


The nasoalveolar molding (NAM) therapy is advocated to reduce the severity of alveolar cleft and nasal deformity. NAM therapy has demonstrated to be an effective method for reducing cleft and improve nose anatomy. This paper presents a case report of three cleft lip and palate individuals treated with NAM therapy. Furthermore, the paper highlights the advantages of NAM therapy along with an enumeration of literature suggesting in favor of NAM therapy and otherwise. Regardless of controversies and divergent views involved with NAM therapy, the immediate success of NAM therapy facilitating primary lip repair surgery cannot be under-emphasized.


The purpose of this study in vitro investigation was to evaluate the dimensional stability of dental digital models made by impression scanning method. Twenty working models were produced. Twenty impressions were made from study models. The dimensional stability of models of two groups (stone and digital models) was examined using six landmark distances. Stone models were measured through digital vernier calipers. Digital models were measured by the computer program. Statistical analyses were performed with Wilcoxon rank sum test (). The mean of six landmark distances were significantly larger in the stone models than in the digital models (p


This paper presents a new voice conversion algorithm which modiies the utterance of a source speaker to sound like speech from a target speaker. We refer to the method as Speaker Transformation Algorithm using Segmental Codebooks (STASC). A novel method is proposed which nds accurate alignments between source and target speaker utterances. Using the alignments, source speaker acoustic characteristics are mapped to target speaker acoustic characteristics. The acoustic parameters included in the mapping are vocal tract, excitation, intonation, energy, and duration characteristics. Informal listening tests suggest that convincing voice conversion is achieved while maintaining high speech quality. The performance of the proposed system is also evaluated on a simple Gaussian mixture model based speaker identiication system, and the results show that the transformed speech is assigned higher likelihood by the target speaker model when compared to the source speaker model. z Permission is hereby granted to publish this abstract separately.


This contribution investigates the role of courtiers in the Neo-Assyrian period. Focussing on the frequently used titles ša-rēši andmazzāz pāni, we aim at reaching a more sophisticated understanding of the rather loosely defined concept of courtiership. The persona of Bēl-ibni, a military commander attested with both titles, serves as a case study. By investigating his career and personal circumstances, and by comparing the results to the overall evidence regarding the two titles, we then examine in how far Bēl-ibni can be considered a representative courtier, or whether he was an exceptional case. The study concludes with an evaluation of the similarities and differences between the overlapping titles ša-rēši undmazzāz pāni, while at the same time providing a more refined account of courtiership in Assyria.


: In the early 2000s, there was a change in the perception of urban vista in Korea and discussions of vista plans by the local governments. Seoul Metropolitan City, 31 cities and counties in Gyeonggi-do, and provincial metropolitan cities are obliged to apply vista guidelines when constructing new buildings through its established basic vista plan. However, when registering an Architectural Information System(e-AIS, Seumteo), the vista guidelines issued by the local governments has no consistency in design variations for the facades of buildings and there is no way to verify such variations which could raise concerns among public officials. As such, they have to count on the subjective judgement by the person in charge rather than objective assessment. To this end, numerical methods through BIM (Building Information Modeling) and related tools can be applied to find a way to numerically verify the variations for facade designs of buildings. The BIM softwares has an advantage in easy revision and editing of architectural books using the three-dimensional parametric modeling. Accordingly, the waste of administrative resources can be prevented by utilizing BIM library for building licenses and permits in the future. Although there are several softwares available, this study used Bentley Architecture software, which is widely used in Korea. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggests to mandatorily supply BIM library in consideration of the total area of buildings, when registering for building licenses and permits to Architectural Information System(e-AIS, Seumteo).


Rapid advancement on digitalisation is changing the way buildings are planned, designed, built and managed nowadays. A collaborative computer-based environment known as Building Information Modelling (BIM) is one of the advancements introduced as a platform to boost up the efficiency of the construction industry. However, poorly designed, constructed and managed building or infrastructure contribute to environmental issues such as CO2 emissions and energy consumption. Thus, attachment of sustainability element in BIM not only increase the efficiency of the project but also can help to plan, design and construct in a more environmentally friendly way. A study on the overall energy use throughout the construction life cycle is needed to identify the most critical stages and to develop energy-reduction strategies via BIM. Thus, this paper provides an intensive review of BIM understanding, its energy analysis practices in the construction phase and existing building environmental assessment tools in BIM. To achieve this, an in-depth review was carried out focusing on the content analysis of a few journal articles related to BIM, energy analysis and sustainability assessment tool. Hence, this paper contributes by discussing the wide variety of building environmental assessment instruments and categorising existing tools to be used in the BIM.


Absolute rate coefficient for the gas-phase reaction of NO3 with 3-fluoropropene has been measured using the discharge-flow technique coupled to a LIF detection system for a range of temperatures from 296 K to 430 K. The measured room temperature rate constant is (0.39 ± 0.02) × 10−14 molecule−1 cm3 s−1. The Arrhenius expression k = (7.17 ± 3.34) × 10−12 exp[−(2248 ± 169)/T] is proposed for the reaction.

The reactivity of alkenes containing halogen atoms is discussed and compared to that of simple alkenes, on the basis of the correlations between the reactivity against NO3 and the ionization potential of the alkenes.

Tropospheric half life of 3-fluoropropene has been estimated at night and during daytime for typical NO3 and OH trophospheric concentrations. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet: 29: 927–932, 1997.


This review article on mercury compounds deals with the differences on toxicity of different forms of this metal, the Brazilian regulation for its disposal and the usual methods of determination. Besides that, the text gives special emphasis on the methods used for the treatment and disposal of residues containing mercury, as well as the new developments being made in this area.


Bayesian inference is the process of arriving at estimates of the model parameters reflecting the blending of information from different sources. Most commonly, two sources of information are considered: prior knowledge or beliefs and observed data. The discrepancy (or lack thereof) between them and their relative strength determines how far away the resulting Bayesian estimate is from the corresponding classical estimate. Along with the point estimate, which most often is the posterior mean, in the Bayesian setting one has available the whole posterior distribution, allowing for a richer analysis.

Keywords:

Bayesian inference;
hyperparameters;
noninformative priors;
Jeffreys' prior;
credible interval;
data precision;
prior precision;
location parameter;
scale parameter


To reduce the impact on microgrid stability due to the high penetration of distributed energy sources, a novel method based on the virtual synchronous machine (VSM) is used to enhance the dynamic characteristics. The effective allocation of inverters in parallel and power distribution is a key issue for microgrids when the distributed power sources are connected in parallel. This paper proposes a control strategy based on the theory of VSM, which mimics the rotational inertia and damping characteristics of synchronous generators to achieve smooth microgrid control, and analyses the control model of VSM. A case study of the islanded operation of multi-energy sources based on virtual synchronous control is simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The simulation results show that the control strategy enables the smooth control of the microgrid and accurate power distribution for multiple inverters.


We have investigated the electronic structures of intermetallic multilayer (ML) films of [Co(2A)/Pd(xA)] (x: the thickness of the Pd sublayer; x = 1 A, 3 A, 5 A, 7 A, 9 A) by employing soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). Both Co 2p XAS and XMCD spectra are found to be similar to one another, as well as to those of Co metal, providing evidence for the metallic bonding of Co ions in [Co/Pd] ML films. By analyzing the measured Co 2p XMCD spectra, we have determined the orbital magnetic moments and the spin magnetic moments of Co ions in [Co(2A)/Pd(xA)] ML films. Based on this analysis, we have found that the orbital magnetic moments are enhanced greatly when x increases from 1 A to 3 A, and then do not change much for x ≥ 3 A. This finding suggests that the interface spin-orbit coupling plays an important role in determining the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in [Co/Pd] ML films.


Malaria is one of the leading causes of death in Africa, and it is highly endemic in Nigeria. It is responsible for about 70% of out-patient attendance at secondary health care facilities in Lagos State. This study assessed the diagnostic performance of three malaria detection methods among Nigerian airport workers. 268 blood samples were collected from febrile and non-febrile Airport workers in Lagos, and processed using three diagnostic methods: thick and thin Giemsa blood stained microscopy method for parasite species identification and count; SD-Bioline PfLDH/panLDH rapid diagnostic test (RDT) device; and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification as a two step procedure using dried blood spot (DBS). A total prevalence of 2.6% was detected by microscopy, 4.1% by RDT and 4.9% by PCR. Microscopy parasite density is 22 to 5.837/µl at prevalence rate of 4.9%. The species identified were 69% Plasmodium falciparum and 31% Plasmodium malariae, while P. falciparum and P. malariae co-infections were observed. The performance evaluation shows PCR having 100% sensitivity while microscopy and RDT had 53.8 and 84.6%, respectively. The negative predictive values are 97.8, 99.3 and 100% for microscopy, RDT and PCR respectively. The result of the PCR and RDT methods indicated that the gold standard method (microscopy) is less sensitive because additional 2.3% positive cases were detected by the PCR method


When George C. Marshall, the organizer of victory as US Army Chief of Staff during World War II, became Secretary of State in January 1947, he faced not only a staggering array of serious foreign policy questions but also a US State Department rendered ineffective by neglect, maladministration and low morale. Soon after his arrival, Marshall asked George F. Kennan to head a new component in the Department's structure - the Policy Planning Staff. In this work, the author scrutinizes Kennan's subsequent influence over foreign policy-making during the crucial years from 1947 to 1950. Despite the amount of literature on the origins of the Cold War, this study casts new light on American foreign policy during the Truman administration, showing how policies actually came about. It covers the wider spectrum of discussion and decision within the State Department and beyond. Miscamble argues that American foreign policy from 1947 to 1950 was not simply a working out of a clearly delineated strategy of containment. Far from dictating policies, the "containment" doctrine was actually formed in a piecemeal and pragmatic manner.


This paper proposes a new image compression technique based on successive application of a 2-D single-sideband analysis/synthesis system and the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) discrete cosine transform (DCT) lossy transform coder. A 2-D separable single-sideband (SSB) analysis/synthesis system, which is developed in terms of a 2-D separable weighted overlapped-add method of analysis/synthesis and which allows overlap between adjacent spatial domain windows, is used first to reduce the image size in the spatial domain. The JPEG discrete cosine transform is then used to reduce the image size in the frequency domain. These two successive compression processes combine to form a powerful image compressor. The overall compression of images in this technique can reach up to about 97 percent of their original size without much of the image quality being lost.


1 Long‐term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic efficacy comprises two components: a synaptic component consisting of increased field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), and a component consisting of a larger population spike amplitude for a given EPSP size (E‐S potentiation). In hippocampal CA1 neurons, delivery of three weak bursts (5 pulses at 100 Hz, 20 min intervals) induced LTP in both the EPSP and E‐S components. In the same cells, reversal of LTP (depotentiation, DP) in the field EPSP and the E‐S component was achieved by delivering three trains of low‐frequency stimuli (LFS; 200 pulses at 1 Hz, 20 min intervals). 2 The effects of adenosine A1 and A2 receptor antagonists on the synaptic and E‐S components of LTP and DP in CA1 neurons were studied by perfusing guinea‐pig hippocampal slices with either 8‐cyclopentyltheophylline (8‐CPT) or CP‐66713. 3 When bursts or LFS were applied to CA1 inputs in the presence of the A1 receptor antagonist 8‐CPT, the field EPSP was enhanced in LTP and attenuated in DP, while the E‐S relationship was not significantly affected in either LTP or DP. 4 When similar experiments were performed using the A2 receptor antagonist CP‐66713, the field EPSP was blocked in LTP, but facilitated in DP, while E‐S potentiation was enhanced during both LTP and DP. 5 The results show that A1 and A2 adenosine receptors modulate both the synaptic and E‐S components of the induction and reversal of LTP. Based on these results, we discuss the key issue of the contribution of these receptors to the dynamics of neuronal plasticity modification in hippocampal CA1 neurons.


We realize a Zeeman slower of an atom in main group III of the Periodic Table, otherwise known as the "triel elements." Despite the fact that our atom of choice (namely indium) does not have a ground state cycling transition suitable for laser cooling, slowing is achieved by driving the transition | 5 P 3 / 2 , F = 6 (cid:105) → | 5 D 5 / 2 , F = 7 (cid:105) , where the lower-energy state is metastable. Using a slower based on permanent magnets in a transverse-field configuration, we observe a bright slowed atomic beam at our design goal velocity of 70 m/s. The techniques presented here can straightforwardly extend to other triel atoms such as thallium, aluminum, and gallium. Furthermore, this work opens the possibility of cooling group-III atoms to ultracold temperatures. Slowing is accomplished with a 326 nm laser, two 410 nm repumpers, and two 451 nm repumpers, all of which are combined using dichroic mirrors (DM) and sent through the Zeeman slower. An independent 326 nm probe laser intersects with the atomic beam at θ = 45 ◦ in the science chamber. To measure the longitudinal atomic velocity distribution, fluorescence is collected with an EMCCD camera.


The linear response of an oblique overdriven detonation to imposed free‐stream disturbances or to periodic movements of the wedge is examined. The free‐stream disturbances are assumed to be steady vorticity waves and the wedge motions are considered to be time periodic oscillations either about a fixed pivot point or along the plane of symmetry of the wedge aligned with the incoming stream. All disturbances are assumed to have wavelengths large compared to the thickness of the detonation so that the detonation is considered to be a region of infinitesimal thickness in which a finite amount of heat is released. The response to the imposed disturbances is a function of the Mach number of the incoming flow, the wedge angle, and the exothermicity of the reaction within the detonation. It is shown that, as the degree of overdrive increases, the amplitude of the response increases significantly; furthermore, a fundamental difference in the dependence of the response on the parameters of the problem is found bet...


An effective method based upon cardinal Hermite interpolant multiscaling functions is proposed for the solution of the one-dimensional parabolic partial differential equation with given initial condition and known boundary conditions and subject to overspecification at a point in the spatial domain. The properties of multiscaling functions are first presented. These properties together with a collocation method are then utilized to reduce the parabolic inverse problem to the solution of algebraic equations. The scheme described is efficient. The numerical results obtained using the present algorithms for test problems show that this method can solve the model effectively.


The purpose of the study was to verify a structural equation model that constructs the causations among self-management, achievement goal orientation, and coping style in boxing players on the basis of theoretical contexts in past research. In order to do this, data was collected from a specifically-selected group of currently playing 205 Combat Sports athletes. Combat are wrestling and boxing. The research was conducted using a survey designed on ASMQ, TEOSQ, and KASCS(a revised version of ASCS adapted to Korean conditions). Data was analyzed using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 5.0, while the frequency analysis, factor analysis, confidence level analysis, corelation analysis, and structural equation model analysis were done. The results suggest that the structural equation model hypothesized in this study is appropriate.


This work involves chemical modification of cotton fabrics by natural, biocompatible, and biodegradable polysaccharide — chitosan — followed by incorporating silver nanoparticles in the fabrics. The excellent chelating property of chitosan binds the silver metal ions that are later on reduced to nanoparticles giving rise to chitosan-attached nanosilver-loaded fabrics. The silver nanoparticles-loaded chitosan-attached fabric has been characterized by surface plasmon resonance, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis. These chitosan-attached nanosilver-loaded fabrics exhibit excellent antibacterial action against model bacteria E. coli.


This article deconstructs the wave of moral panic caused by reggaeton in Cuba to suggest that behind issues of "national" and "legitimate" culture lays a social but mainly political rejection to the marginal subject that this music brings to the fore. Reggaeton's embracing of money is a painful reminder to the authorities of the dreadful consequences of the dual economy and of the increasing gap between emergent values rooted in everyday life experience and socialist ideology. The text also discusses ethnographic work at performance venues that shows how this genre has been particularly successful in articulating not only the values and subjectivities of an underclass, but also the practices of symbolic distinction of more upward class sectors. In a different direction, the article exposes how reggaeton further participates in change, through discourses that voice the contradictory responses of male identity to the impact of sex tourism and the role of money in romantic relationships.


The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on 25 September 2015. All UN member states signed on to 17 goals with 169 targets that are intended to guide act...


Corporate social responsibility is not new to India. This charitable action of the companies, however, is now blended with a mandatory constraint. The paper discuss about the provisions of the CSR norms as per the new Companies Act 2013, the process of its implementation, responsibilities of the company board and the CSR committee, list of activities that qualify for the CSR fulfillment, and penalties for breach. The paper also discusses the perceived influence against mandatory CSR, industry response, the issue of anchoring CSR spending to the minimum mandatory requirement, estimate of the scale of total CSR spending, and the Channels of CSR spending by companies.


Data analysis of social media postings can provide a wealth of information about the health of individual users, health across groups, and even access to healthy food choices in neighborhoods. In this paper, we analyze Twitter postings of 140 characters or less, known as tweets, to infer user health status over time. Tweets and in turn their users' health are scored according to semantic analysis, sentiment analysis, emoticon classification, meta-data analysis, and profiling over time. The purpose of the analysis includes individually targeted healthcare personalization, determining health disparities, discovering health access limitations, advertising, and public health monitoring. The approach is analyzed on over 12,000 tweets spanning as far back as 2010 for 10 classes of users active on Twitter.


The paper analyzed the situation of visualization in teaching mould technology,brought forward a plan to strength the application of visualization,so to accelerate the combination of modern teaching and traditional teaching.


The Interactive Yoga Studio is a unique space for a yoga practitioner to achieve a deeper level of realization. This studio can be used by a regular daily practitioner, and can also be utilized for learning the poses in a more accurate way and encourages longer holdings of the each poses. The interactive visuals not only keeps the interest constant throughout the practice, but also guides the practitioners to stay in the poses for a healthy duration. Author


In this paper, a new space vector current control scheme for shunt active power filters is introduced with a three-level neutral point-clamped voltage source inverter as well as a standard two-level voltage source inverter. Then, the proposed control is compared with the other space vector current control method to evaluate inherent advantages and drawbacks of the control schemes. The proposed control can selectively choose harmonic current components by real time Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to generate the compensation current. The proposed current control utilizes a rotating coordinate system processing the information of the actual position of the grid-voltage space vector which is remarkably important in active power filter application, and chooses switching states from the switching table implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). With the proposed control, the total harmonic distortion of the compensated grid current, the average switching frequency, and switching power loss are significantly reduced.


People have been attaching increasing importance to national consciousness in recent years. Why is there a general tendency for national consciousness to become stronger in today's world? And why are even the socialist countries no exception? This is indeed an issue worth studying. My paper, "A Preliminary Analysis of 'National Consciousness,'" was basically limited to explanation and interpretation and did not touch on the subject. In this article I intend, on the basis of the previous article, to conduct a cursory analysis of the relationship between socialism and national consciousness.


Four chiral copper(Ⅱ) complexes derived from two novel chiral compounds (S) (-) α substituted 2 hydroxy 5 methylbenzylamine were synthesized. All the complexes were used as catalysts in the asymmetric cyclopropanation reaction of styrene, 1,1 diphenylethylene and 2,5 dimethyl 2,4 hexadiene. It is found that the more effective catalysts are related to complexes with ligands prepared from optically active amine and 2 hydroxy 1 naphthylaldehyde.