The purpose of this research note is to examine if the attitude toward science of the Swiss citizens is related to their confidence in Swiss institutions, precisely in political institutions. Based on the results of one survey (Eurobarometer 2001), we show that the attitude toward science is moderately related to the confidence, that the number of significant relationship of each institution depend on the level of confidence of the institution, and that we distinguish two types of relation: linear and inverted U-shaped.


Aiming at collecting faint seismic data,MEMS sensor technology was applied to design a seismic data acquisition system. The system design based on MEMS accelerometer and 24-bit ADC convertor was presented. Precision instrumentation amplifier was used to deal with the differential signal from MEMS sensor. In this mix-signal system,isolation scheme was adopted when design PCB to isolate the digital and analog circuit to suppress interference from each other. The magnetic coupling isolator was used to isolate the communication interface between ADC convertor and micro controller. According to the command transmitted from upper system by LabVIEW,real-time seismic data could be displayed in the form of waveform and stored in SD card. The software process and hardware design of the system was analyzed. The signal generator was used to measure the accuracy and frequency response of the system,the process of data acquisition was tested under a simulated environment. The experimental results indicate that system accuracy reaches the magnitude of 10 μV,the quality of acceleration signal reconstruction is good and the designed system meets requirements of seismic data acquisition.


Chaerephonjohorensis, a wrinkled lipped bat ofthe family molossidae was recorded
in mount Jerai, Kedah. this new record for Kedah was caught at hutan Lipur air
terjun Batu hampar. this species was previously recorded in Krau wildlife reserve,
taman negara, Johor (type locality) and a single locality in sumatra. this new record
extends the current distribution of this species right up to northwest of Peninsular
malaysia. Other notable discovery includes 25 species of small mammals.


For the past few years, the incidence of tuberculosis was rising around the world. Pulmonary tuberculosis was easy to be diagnosed by its typical symptom and physical sign. But misdiagnosis and mistreatment of tuberculosis such as pelvic-peritoneal tuberculosis was frequent because of multiplex clinical manifestation and lack of specific diagnosis criteria. Some diagnostic methods of female pelvic-peritoneal tuberculosis were discussed.


Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer has become a widely used technology for the introduction and expression of foreign genes in eukaryotic cells. There are, however, certain limitations to these viral vectors such as efficiency, specificity, and safety. Lentiviral vectors based on human immunodeficien...


The expressions of fluid velocity under several conditions during gas atomization according to the unsteady flow mechanics are propsed, and the basic ways to maintain the stability of fluid flow is analyzed


We consider the problem of model-checking some of the well-known trace-based information flow properties from the literature for classes of infinite-state system models. We first define some language-theoretic operations that help to characterize language inclusion in terms of these properties. This gives us a reduction of the language inclusion problem for a class of system models, say F , to the model checking problem for F , whenever F is effectively closed under these language-theoretic operations. We apply this result to show that the problem of model-checking any of these properties for One Counter Nets, One-Counter Automata, Basic Parallel Processes, and some properties for deterministic One Counter Automata, is undecidable. We also consider the class of Visibly Pushdown Systems and show that their model-checking problem is undecidable for a couple of properties. For the special case when all confidential events are internal we show that model-checking each of these properties for Visibly Pushdown Systems becomes decidable.


The opening laboratory's construction and teaching are helpful in raising students' comprehensive quality and creation ability.In this paper,the problems existed in the open laboratory were analyzed and the measures to solve it were proposed.Reforming the experimental system and the experimental course is the key point of the open lab,enhancing the experiment assistants' quality and improving the teaching pattern are the guarantee for the open lab,and the diversification of laboratory management mode is the condition to the open lab.


Finance structure of enterprises has great impact on the management structure and business performance. In recent years, many discussions and disputes about state stock reduction, corporation finance structure, and reform of management structure are widely occurred in the society. The paper analyzes and investigates the representative listed companies in China so as to give some reasonable suggestions for the present companies in their finance structure and management structure.


Which functional mechanism will be more appropriate for regional economic growth in China's economy? this thesis conducts theoretical analysis concerned the functional mechanism conducts empirical test on the various effects of human capital based on the two-way fixed effects panel model and carries out robustness testing based on panel quantile regression. It is found that the direct effects of human capital outweigh its indirect effects with opposite signs, and it is mainly attributed to the poor matching of the technology introduced in the channel of domestic and international technology. There have been abundant theories and assumptions about the effects of human capital on economic growth in the international research field. Nelson (2005) divided the relevant theories into two theoretical systems: accumulation theories and assimilation theories. Accumulation theories deal with the direct influences of human capital on economic growth, which involve the direct input of human capital into the production of end products as a factor of production and assume the contributory role of new human capital in economic growth. This is an exploration of the flow effect of human capital, with the empirical test generally based on the MRW (1992) growth regression framework. While assimilation theories is a theoretical mechanism where human capital exerts indirect effects on economic growth through total factor productivity or technological advances and they emphasize the indirect effects of human capital stock on economic growth, with the empirical tests generally based on the growth regression framework of Benhabib and Spiegel (1994). And the above two kinds of the functional mechanism of human capital can also be called growth effects and level effects (Dowrick, 2003). Besides, the internal mechanism of level effects can be further extended, that is, the influences on technological advances through innovation and technology spillover. And from the perspective of regional level, the source of technology spillover largely contain the source of domestic technology spillover and the source of international technology spillover (Kuo and Yang, 2008; Zhang and Sun, 2012). In addition, human capital can also affect economic growth indirectly through its complementarity with the physical capital. So it can be found that human capital can influence economic growth through various and varied functional mechanisms. But for China's regional economy, which functional mechanism will be more appropriate to account for the facts of different regional economic growth in the current period? In response to this question, this thesis conducts theoretical analysis concerned the functional mechanism of human capital on regional


"The world has enough for both of us" has come to be a regular refrain of Chinese and Indian leaders. Even academic commentaries sometimes use this argument to explain why Asia's two fastest growing economies and increasingly dynamic billion-plus-strong societies will not clash as they pursue peaceful development. Their relationship continues to be examined in simplistic dichotomies of competition or cooperation, rivals or partners, friends or foes, etc., ignoring the complex nature of their evolution and interactions. This paper argues that their continued rapid economic growth and resultant ever-expanding engagement with the external world is not completely innocent, and that their growth has begun to influence their bilateral relations. Prima facie, multilateral forums provide China and India with a relatively neutral playground in which the two countries have gradually begun to decipher their stronger commonality of interests in addressing their regional/global challenges within multilateral settings. This expanding mutual trust and understanding at the multilateral level is expected to have a positive impact on the nature of their historically complicated bilateral equations. No doubt, their difficult bilateral engagement also impacts their interactions at the multilateral level and their mutual trust deficit circumscribes their joint strategies in multilateral forums. Yet, on balance, contemporary Sino-Indian relations seem to mark a clear shift in the center of gravity from a bilateral to a multilateral matrix. This shift is now discernible enough to stand scrutiny and also to guide the future direction of Sino-Indian equations. ********** No single nation-state, however powerful, can successfully tackle its security and developmental challenges without engaging in multilateral partnerships. Given the nature of emerging challenges of national development and security, even bilateral relations have to be increasingly located in multilateral settings. Especially as emerging powers begin to engage in new global challenges like terrorism, climate change, energy security and global economic recovery, new disjunctions in the international system threaten an uncertain future. But while multilateralism may be relatively easy and effective in engaging problematic actors and issues, it has its own fault lines. Multilateralism is generally a misfit for making quick responses and building consensus. This can circumscribe even bilateral initiatives. Multilateralism also carries historical baggage. Emerging nations feel restricted by dated yet influential regional and global norms rooted in post-Second World War multilateral frameworks. (1) The largest and most visible frameworks--the UN and the Bretton Woods institutions--have themselves been the subject of debate for several decades, though the international community has yet to propose viable alternatives or identify options for structural reform of existing multilateral frameworks. Meanwhile, commitment of member states to such frameworks and their norms provides at best only a minimum guarantee of circumspection; it often does not define national policies. If anything, the rising tide of multilateralism often makes these powers skeptical of existing norms. Bilateralism, more often, remains the mainstay of emerging powers' newfound interest in multilateralism. While outwardly expressing support for multilateralism, most states continue to work on a bilateral basis to support multilateral discussion and have a fallback position if multilateralism does not deliver. These trends in multilateralism suggest that successful multilateral action largely depends upon issues of multilateral concern having been discussed first in bilateral channels. The resolution of at least some of the contentions at the bilateral level allows discussion at the multilateral level to focus on specifics. (2) This is especially true of Asia, whose participation and influence in post-Second World War multilateral institutions have been either minimal or tied to their relations with P5 countries, i. …


School of Computer Science and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China, Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China, Shijiazhuang Meteorological Bureau, Shijiazhuang, China, School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China


The invention discloses a preparation method of a graphite toughened wear-resisting electronic cigarette oil-conducting rope and the electronic cigarette oil-conducting rope. The electronic cigarette oil-conducting rope is prepared through the following steps: adding a graphite material modified by a coupling agent into polymer resin to form graphite-added glass fiber sizing liquid; and after drawing the graphite-added glass fiber sizing liquid into fibers, winding the fibers to form the electronic cigarette oil-conducting rope. Graphite improved glass fibers/polymer composite fibers have good toughness and heat-conducting capability; and raw materials are cheap and preparation processes are simple and convenient. With the adoption of the electronic cigarette oil-conducting rope disclosed by the invention, the problems of a traditional oil-conducting rope that the toughness is not enough, the tensile strength is poor, the wear resistance is poor and the like are solved very well; and meanwhile, the heat-conducting capability is enhanced, and electronic cigarette elements are prevented being damaged by dry burning.


1. School of Education, Can Tho University, An Khanh ward, Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam 2. College of Natural Science, Can Tho University, An Khanh ward, Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam 3. College of Rural Development, Can Tho University, An Khanh ward, Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam 4. College of Environment and Natural resources, Can Tho University, An Khanh ward, Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam 5. Faculty of Agriculture and Fishery, University of Cuu Long, Phu Quoi ward, Long Ho district, Can Tho 890000, Vietnam *Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com


Using a novel technique of surface mediated magic cluster with identical size, in which the Si(111) surface is used as a template for ordering the cluster, we have fabricated the artificial nanocluster crystals of In, Ga and Al. The atomic structures, formation mechanism and stability of the nanoclusters were studied with in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy observation combined with first-principles total energy calculations. Our study shows that delicate control of growth kinetics is extremely pivotal for the cluster crystal fabrication, and there is essentially no limitation to this method. The high thermal stability and unique structure make these artificial nanocluster crystals promising for various applications.


This paper analyses the development status of high-tech industry in Guangdong,and makes use of single-equation econometric model to analyze the quantitative influence of high-tech industry development which is imposed by capital,manpower and technology.At last,this paper gives policy advice to promote the development of high-tech industry in Guangdong.


A benefit-oriented socio-economic system causes environmental problems that become obvious and more serious on the earth. Therefore, every country in the world is making various efforts to solve serious environmental issues for making the sustainable society. And it is thought that environmental education should play a key role to make the efforts fruitful. Especially, enterprises should be given an important role on environmental education in the future society. This study inquires present activities done by enterprises on environmental education analyze their achievement and aims to clarify the role and prospects on environmental education in the future that the enterprise should carry out. The major results of this research are as follows; First, The approach form of the enterprise concerning environmental education can be classified into four stages, namely "beginning stage", "evolution stage", "development stage" and "partnership stage". Present activities on environmental education have not been reached there though "partnership stage" will be necessary for the sustainable society. Second, In the execution of environmental education, it independently works on environmental education in the enterprise that strongly recognizes the importance of environmental communication with citizens. In other words, it can be said a leading enterprise concerning environmental education. Third, Recognition of the enterprise concerning the importance of environmental education again and the establishment of the positive posture are important.


【Task】 The present invention is an aircraft fuselage section (1), the aircraft fuselage, and to a method of producing a carcass part (1). A Carcass part (1), the first inner tube (2) and a second inner tube (3) is produced in an initial production step, enclosed by the inner tube (2, 3) next outer tube (4) which is manufactured by. To provide additional stability to the spatial secure and tubes (2, 3, 4), the inner tube (2, 3) between the inner tube (2, 3) and outer tube (4) surrounded by arranged straps (5,6). .FIELD 4


Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common in man. The bacterium primarily resides in the human stomach, where it plays a significant role in gastric disease. The oral cavity has been proposed as a reservoir for gastric H. pylori, which has been detected by culture and PCR in both dental plaque and saliva. This infection responds to antibiotic treatment, although in some patients, the infection can be difficult to eradicate and there is a significant rate of recurrence. This article will discuss the basic principles of integrated medical testing in patients with complex Helicobacter pylori infection.


Delirium is an acute confusional state, often associated with long‑term hospitalization, oxygen supplementation, the male sex and an older age. Since the start of the corona‑ virus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic, there was an abrupt increase in intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and hospitalization in general, as well as in the need for oxygen therapy and enforced isolation due to the contagion risk. This caused a sudden increase in the episodes of delirium. The diagnosis of delirium, however, remains a difficult task, as it can often be misdiagnosed or confused with underlying dementia, particularly among the elderly. The present study describes present eight cases of patients admitted to hospital due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, who manifested delirium. Notably, only one of the patients had psychiatric comorbidities prior to hospitalization. The most prevalent sex was the male (7:1) one, the mean age of the patients was 81.7±4 years, and the mean duration of hospitalization was 23.6±6 days. In total, 3 patients had a virological recovery and were discharged, 3 had a clinical recovery and were transferred to a lower intensity COVID‑19 facility and 2 patients did not survive. In the eight cases described herein, the mortality rate was 25%. Delirium was found to be commonly associated with a higher mortality rate and a longer hospitalization period. Therefore, it is imperative to develop protocols and tools with which to rapidly assess delirium and treat it accordingly. In addition, it is fundamental to improve the quality of life of hospitalized patients, supporting behavioral therapy and the environmental factors that can affect patients, to prevent delirium as well. © 2023 Spandidos Publications. All Rights Reserved.


The authors present several bounds on the structured singular value (SSV). They first adopt a generalized notion of which is useful for problems where uncertainties are assumed to be bounded in an l/sub p/-induced matrix norm. Two different types of bounds, in terms of Perron root and interaction parameters, respectively, are given for the new SSV, and their relations are discussed. These bounds are useful in that they are easy to compute and may be further analyzed to provide insights useful in design.<<ETX>>


A complex web of roads, walkways and public transport systems can hide areas of geographical isolation very difficult to analyze. Random walks are used to spot the structural details of urban fabric.


The presence of moisture in a transformer needs to be monitored throughout its service life. Moisture deteriorates transformer insulation by decreasing both electrical and mechanical strength. High moisture content accelerates solid insulation aging, reduces the breakdown strength and makes the transformer vulnerable to the overload conditions due to high temperature spot bubbling. In addition to that, partial discharge can occur in a high voltage region because of the moisture disturbance. Traditional indirect estimation of the moisture concentration in the solid insulation of power transformers includes testing the oil samples as well as measurement of the insulation resistance and loss tangent (50/60 Hz) of the transformer. However, these methods usually give limited information and may lead to wrong conclusions. Direct measurement is not viable and may not be representative to take a paper sample from the surface insulation because moisture distribution is not homogeneous along the insulation geometry. Dielectric Frequency Response, DFR was introduced more than 20 years ago and has been thoroughly evaluated and proven. Several documents have been published summarizing the research work and field tests all over the world. DFR is a practical non-intrusive and non-destructive technique for moisture condition assessment in power transformers, a breakthrough compared with traditional methods. Scientists, researchers and utility operators have shown great interest in the development and application of DFR technique. In this paper, the limitation of traditional methods is presented at first. Later, a comprehensive review of DFR method demonstrates its advantages over traditional methods. Finally, latest research about the mathematical model, temperature correction and test voltage is included to answer common questions regarding the application of DFR method.


An intersection graph of curves in the plane is called a string graph. Matoušek almost completely settled a conjecture of the authors by showing that every string graph with m edges admits a vertex separator of size $O(\sqrt{m}\log m)$. In the present note, this bound is combined with a result of the authors, according to which every dense string graph contains a large complete balanced bipartite graph. Three applications are given concerning string graphs G with n vertices: (i) if Kt ⊈ G for some t, then the chromatic number of G is at most (log n)O(log t); (ii) if Kt,t ⊈ G, then G has at most t(log t)O(1)n edges,; and (iii) a lopsided Ramsey-type result, which shows that the Erdős–Hajnal conjecture almost holds for string graphs.


Approaches to advertising have changed dramatically over the past 50 years, from Newspapers to Mass media via Radio and Cinema, from Television sets to internet and e-mail. Now the next target is in sightSocial Networking. With advances in technology consumers are now in control of the media message they want to become exposed to. They have the option of watching TV programmes without having to view advertisements, they can listen to radio without having to hear the advertisements, they can alter their mail boxes so that SPAM mail goes directly to their junk folder and they can minimise advert pop ups when surfing online. Marketers are being forced to consider another form of marketing that would reach target customers in a new way. This paper examines how Facebook, has incorporated advertising into its site and highlights the methods employed to aid companies in reaching their customers in innovative ways. Keywords-Facebook, social networks, advertising, ads


Dr. E. G. GRAHAM LITTLE showed a case of extensive cicatricial alopecia. Patient, female, aged 50 years. The condition dated from 1927. At the edge of the bald areas there was still some follicular inflammation present, but there had been no active suppuration at any time. There were no lesions elsewhere upon the skin, but there was a curious condition of the tongue ; the whole of the surface was occupied by exaggerated white papillae, and the tongue was so tender as to give pain in mastication, and exhibited a tendency to bleed. This symptom had persisted for a considerable time. There was no evidence of lichen planus upon the buccal mucosa, and the appearance of the tongue did not altogether suggest lichen planus, the whitening being too universal to support that diagnosis. The patient had been under the care of one of his colleagues on account of osteo-arthritis for many years.


Abstract:This essay considers how caricature aesthetics, which feature overloading, incongruity, and animation, undermine caricature functionality, which includes economical representation, the perpetuation of stereotypes, and the affirmation of pre-held beliefs and opinions. Analyzing this contradictory logic assists in theorizing contemporary media environments that suffer from "hypernormalization," that rely on the condensation and acceleration of information, and that explicitly use caricatural logics in political satire, news media, and social media more broadly. This essay's analysis of caricature theories and practices builds on what Wittgenstein referred to as "seeing as" and demonstrates the critical value of reflecting on perceptual and conceptual entanglement.


In the transceiver system (1000) by the array antenna by (# 1 ~ # 4) receives the radio wave signal is multiplied by the adaptive array (1010.1 ~ 1010.M) a respective received weight vectors, separated from the respective user signal. Calculated by the reception signal coefficient vector means the received signal power, channel allocation means for calculating cross-correlation values (1020) reception signal coefficient vector of a user and a new user has been connected to calculation, and calculating the received signal power means (1030) ( 1050) allocated transmission channel.


In recent years, the Grid technology has been studied and developed by many researchers. In the conventional Grid environment, data is changed by using TCP/IP. However, as long as the architecture is based on packet switching, realization of high performance computing is difficult. Thus we propose a new architecture, the λ computing environment. In the λ computing environment, network switches and computing nodes are connected each other with optical fibers, and by establishing optical wavelength path between shared memories on the computing nodes, we can offer high performance computing. In this paper, we establish the λ computing environment using the AWG-STAR system, and design data sharing structure for OpenMP library which is parallel computing programming language utilizing shared memory. Moreover, we evaluate the performance by executing an OpenMP application and show the advantage over the existing parallel computing in PC cluster environment.


Objective:To investigate the method and effect of the laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of congenital hepatic cyst.Methods:From March 2000 to March 2009,82 cases(16 males,66 females,aged 19-81 years,mean age 46 years) with congenital hepatic cyst received laparoscopic fenestration drainage were analyzed retrospectively,the operation duration,bleeding volume and complications were observed.Results:All procedures were successfully accomplished.The operation duration was 30~120 min,mean time 46 min,the amount of bleeding volume was 20~100 ml,mean 46 ml.There was no conversion to open abdominal operation.There was 5 cases recurrence in 6 months to 9 years follow-up.Conclusion:Laparoscopic fenestration drainage is a safe,reliable surgical approach in hepatic cyst patients with minimal injury and rapid healing,and should be the preferable choice for the patients with congenital hepatic cyst.


Atherosclerotic disease of the renal arteries can reduce blood flow to the kidneys leading to disorders including hypertension and renal insufficiency. Patients who benefit from invasive revascularization procedures have significant pressure drops at the renal artery stenoses. A computational methodology is presented for measuring pressure drops at renal artery stenoses from magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The methodology is comprised of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of blood flow with realistic vessel shape and flow rates. Realistic vessel shape is derived from contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with a deformable model. Flow rates are measured from phase-contrast MR respectively. The methodology was applied to the case of a patient with 30% stenosis of a renal artery. The finite element solution was obtained with a volumetric mesh of 10/sup 6/ elements. A physical flow-through model was constructed with similar shape, flow rates and fluid viscosity. The peak pressure drop measured by the CFD model was 60% greater than that measured from the physical flow-through model (33.8 mmHg and 21.1 mmHg respectively). The blood velocity vector field was obtained with particle image velocimetry (PIV) and will be used for improvement of the CFD model.


The clinical laboratory has seen some major changes, a revolution if you will, in the quality of testing services over the past decade. Some of this change has come through a better understanding of statistical theory and its direct application to concepts of error detection and false rejection, resulting in a blossoming of applications in many different quality-control (QC) rules, as championed by James Westgard. Another noteworthy component of this quality revolution has come through advances in analytical technology. Test systems are becoming more automated and feature internal self-diagnostics. Discrete analyzers lend themselves to more extensive monitoring of each specific function. Also, automation is being extended to the preanalytical and postanalytical phases. A third element in this quality revolution is the broad-based awareness of total quality management throughout the diagnostics business, from manufacturers to laboratories to physicians and patients. All of these factors help define the quality of laboratory services today. Because of this quality revolution, the momentum of change appears to be bringing us new …


QIAGEN Leipzig developed the pigtype ® product line of ELISA tests for screening for swine zoonoses. This product line now includes ELISA for detection of salmonella-, Yersinia -, Trichinella-, and Toxoplasma-antibodies in swine. These pig type assays are validated for serum and meat juice samples and are officially approved by the German Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut. In order to follow the seroprofiling concept, the pigtype ELISA reagents and assay protocols are standardized. This product concept allows combining serological salmonella monitoring with serological testing for other zoonosis.


With the rise in environmental concerns among the stakeholders of businesses, firms are responding with strategic environmental marketing activities designed to meet the growing demand for environmentally friendly processes, products and packaging. Part of an ongoing major research project being undertaken in Bradford Management Centre, empirically analyses the development of environmentally conscious product strategies (ECPS) in the broader framework of strategic environmental marketing. A multi‐case study approach is applied and qualitative methods are used for the data collection in the UK and Germany. The data collected are analysed in terms of strategies (corporate and product level) and structure and processes (internal and external). Suggests that companies in the UK have started internalizing the ecological externalities into their product strategies and a few of them have actually achieved success. Identifies and discusses key factors for the achievement of both environmental and commercial success of ECPS.


This paper formulates the general problem of photon emission in particle scattering using a classical and quantum mechanical approach. The connection between the classical short collision time (SCT) and Born results is examined for various special classifications of problems. In the dipole case the two formulations yield results that can be expressed in the same form and for arbitrary scattering potential. For quadrupole emission the SCT and Born results are the same only for a short-range potential, however. The quadrupole problem is more sensitive to details in the process because the calculation requires an expansion of the total amplitude for the process to lowest order in the photon wave number or momentum. The special case of photon emission associated with spin-flip transitions during scattering is considered for spin-1/2 particles. Like classical magnetic dipole radiation, there is no infrared divergence feature for this type of emission. 16 refs.


The concern caused by extensive killing of marketable Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, in the interior of British Columbia by the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk., has necessitated studies on many phases of the beetles' biology and behaviour. Among these has been a study of the beetles' flight. Although this insect flies for only a few brief periods during its life, these periods are vital in terms of the extension and location of areas of infestation.


Noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium (LVNC) is a new clinical entity firstly described by Engberding and Bender in 1984. LVNC is characterized by the presence of numerous prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses within the left ventricle. Recently, it has been demonstrated by two‐dimensional (2D) speckle‐tracking echocardiography (STE), that left ventricular (LV) basal and LV apical rotations are in the same direction resulting in the near absence of LV twist in LVNC patients, which was called as "LV solid/rigid body rotation." Three‐dimensional (3D)‐STE has just been introduced, and found to be an accurate method for the evaluation of LV rotation mechanics. The aim of this report was to confirm LV "rigid body rotation" in an LVNC patient by 3D‐STE.


2014 Si and Ge single crystal targets were bombarded with high doses of 40 keV Ar+ ions ( > 1017 ions/cm2). The variation of the sputtering yield S as function of the target temperature (50-500°C) has been studied. The measurements of S lead to a determination of the annealing temperature (~ 350 °C for Ge and ~ 400 °C for Si). The sputtering yields of perfect single-crystal Ge targets have been measured. Classification Physics Abstracts 7.180 Tome 10 No 4 Juillet 1975


A commentary on

When the world becomes 'too real': a Bayesian explanation of autistic perception

by Pellicano, E., and Burr, D. (2012). Trends Cogn. Sci. 16, 504–510.

In a recent article entitled "When the world becomes 'too real': Bayesian explanation of autistic perception," Elizabeth Pellicano and David Burr (Pellicano and Burr, 2012b) introduce an intriguing new hypothesis, a Bayesian account, concerning the possible origins of perceptual deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This Bayesian account explains why ASD impacts perception in systematic ways, but it does not clearly explain how. Most prominently, the Bayesian account lacks connections to the neural computation performed by the brain, and does not provide mechanistic explanations for ASD (Rust and Stocker, 2010; Colombo and Series, 2012). Nor does the Bayesian account explain what the biological origin is of the "prior"—the essential addition of the Bayesian models. In Marr's terminology (Marr, 1982), Pellicano and Burr paper proposes a computational-level explanation for ASD, but not an account for the other two levels, representation and implementation. We propose that a predictive coding framework (schematized in Figure Figure1)1) may fill the gap and generate a testable framework open to further experimental investigations.

Figure 1

A schematic representation of the predictive coding framework. Input arrives from the sensory organs, and is processed in a "low-level" area. This processed information is sent to a higher area. Based on this input the higher area tries ...

In Pellicano and Burr's general Bayesian approach, perception is based on the integration of stimulus information (encapsulated in the likelihood) and regularizing (contextual) information based on previous experience (the "prior"). Often, the prior draws perception away from the veridical stimulus characteristics [e.g., people perceive a Kanizsa triangle above three circles, instead of three pac-men: see Figure Figure11 in Pellicano and Burr (2012b)]. Pellicano and Burr suggest that people with ASD have weak priors compared to the typically-developing population, explaining a key finding that autistic observers are less influenced by contextual information, and hence see the world more accurately (as it actually is), as their perception is less modulated by experience. This Bayesian account provides an explanation for the bias favoring local over global processing in ASD.

The predictive coding framework provides a natural implementation of the prior used in the Bayesian model proposed by Pellicano and Burr. In predictive coding schemes, higher brain areas attempt to "explain" input from lower brain areas, and then project these predictions down to lower areas, where the predicted sensory information is subtracted from the input (i.e., predicted information is discounted). This feedback operates in a hierarchical manner (Figure (Figure1),1), and the predictions fed-back to lower areas constitute the (empirically-derived) "priors" (Feldman and Friston, 2010). Such empirical priors have been computationally implemented (Rao and Ballard, 1999; Feldman and Friston, 2010), and thus are open to experimental scrutiny. An added advantage of this framework is that it naturally explains the often-observed decrease in global processing in people with ASD, and concomitant increase in local processing (Happe and Frith, 2006; Mottron et al., 2006).

The predictive coding framework also provides an elegant way to implement both endogenous (top-down) and exogenous (bottom-up) attention within the same framework. The framework can therefore guide detailed investigations of whether perceptual deficits in ASD are due to malfunctioning of certain higher-level brain areas, or instead due to an attentional bias toward lower-level stimulus characteristics (Plaisted, 2001; Mottron et al., 2006).

Exogenous attention is linked to the prediction error in the predictive coding framework. Specifically, when the predictions ("priors") do not match the input, expectations are violated, and a prediction error (i.e., the difference between the expected and the observed sensory information) is generated at lower levels. The prediction error constitutes a "surprise" (Feldman and Friston, 2010), which can be thought of as a trigger for exogenous attention. With decreased high-level processing in ASD (e.g., Brosnan et al., 2004; Happe and Frith, 2006), predictions are presumably less precise (or less strong, i.e., hypo-priors; Pellicano and Burr, 2012b), and thus prediction errors ("surprises") will increase. As a result, the sensory systems of people with ASD will be constantly bombarded by new "surprises", and hence overloaded with sensory stimulation.

Endogenous attention can also be readily included in the predictive coding framework as a modulation of feedforward information (as explained in Feldman and Friston, 2010). Empirical evidence for such modulation exists (Zhang and Luck, 2009). Within the predictive coding framework, decreased influence of higher visual areas on perception, manifested in decreased activity (e.g., Belmonte et al., 2004; Schultz, 2005) or decreased (functional) connectivity (Just et al., 2004; Liu et al., 2011), could be due to decreased functioning of higher levels, or alternatively to decreased endogenous modulation of attention (Mottron et al., 2006), or both. Developing quantitative computational models may help us disentangle these possibilities.

The predictive coding framework may also provide valuable insights into the developmental origins of ASD. Because of the recurrent nature of the predictive coding framework, it is possible that a dysfunction in one level causes a dysfunction in another level, which in turn feeds back to create a vicious circle. If this cycle occurs during development, it could potentially spiral out of control, contributing to ASD. Such scenarios go beyond a simple Bayesian account based on priors and likelihoods and could be investigated with computational models in the future (Rao and Ballard, 1999; Feldman and Friston, 2010).

Finally, in a recent comment on Pellicano and Burr's paper, Brock (Brock, 2012) suggested that instead of hypo-priors, one may assume that people with ASD have reduced sensory noise. Although this is theoretically possible, Pellicano and Burr countered (Pellicano and Burr, 2012a) that there is in fact experimental evidence for increased neural noise in ASD. We would add that the hypothesis of reduced sensory noise also predicts a reduced variance in the intra-individual perceptual responses to identical (visual) stimuli, whereas a hypo-prior would be associated with an increase in variance. Although the literature on this issue is not extensive, intra-individual response time variability is reportedly greater in ASD than in the typical population (Geurts et al., 2008).

In summary, the predictive coding framework complements the Bayesian approach introduced by Pellicano and Burr, providing a general account of why certain perceptual, and potentially social deficits (cf., Kilner et al., 2007) exist, and how biological substrates and computational mechanisms can give rise to these deficits in ASD.


Co-substrate of papaya seeds (PS) with dairy cow manure (DCM) resulted an increase of organic matter (OM) content and not all OM could be digested properly in the continuous digester. This research was conducted to measure methane production of slurry that study. The experiment used MSP, BP, NaOH, batch type digester with completely randomized design. The treatments were R1 (100% DCM), R2 (95% DCM and 5% PS non germination) and R3 (95% DCM and 5% PS germination) with 5 replications. Data were analysed using analysis of variance. The observed variables were methane production, pH value, dry matter reduction (DMR) and OM reduction (OMR). Methane production showed significantly different (P<0.05), namely: 5.28; 7.19 and 6.26 l/l for R1, R2 and R3. The limited hydraulic retention time of substrate in continuous digester caused not all of the OM in R2 and R3 to be properly digested and is still left in the slurry. The decrease methane production of R3 than R2 was due to better nutrient content of R2 so that it was digested better while in the continuous digester. The higher DMR, OMR and methane production in R2 and R3 than R1 indicate that the use of BP as a co-substrate with DCM can increase the OM content and its quality and some of OM is still left in the slurry.


Although the Bélanger‐Böss theorem of critical flow has been widely applied in open channel hydraulics, it was derived from the laws governing ideal frictionless flow. This study explores a more general expression of this theorem and examines its applicability to flow with friction and sediment transport. It demonstrates that the theorem can be more generally presented as the principle of minimum energy (PME), with maximum efficiency of energy use and minimum friction or minimum energy dissipation as its equivalents. Critical flow depth under frictionless conditions, the best hydraulic section where friction is introduced, and the most efficient alluvial channel geometry where both friction and sediment transport apply are all shown to be the products of PME. Because PME in liquids characterizes the stationary state of motion in solid materials, flow tends to rapidly expend excess energy when more than minimally demanded energy is available. This leads to the formation of relatively stable but dynamic energy‐consuming meandering and braided channel planforms and explains the existence of various extremal hypotheses.


Gender and race play significant roles in how people view and experience the world. In certain contexts both gender and race may activate doubts about onepsilas career-related performance- and coping-related capabilities. This paper presents findings on the effects of gender and race in the undergraduate pipeline of the computing disciplines (i.e., computer engineering, computer science, software engineering, information systems, and information technology) through the more proximal impacts of stereotyping, coping self-efficacy and collective self-esteem. Data were collected in Fall 2004 from 1,208 computing discipline and 581 non-computing discipline students attending forty-two colleges and universities across the United States. Twenty-one of these institutions were Historically Black Colleges and Universities and 21 were Predominantly White Institutions. Data were analyzed using statistical and data mining techniques to investigate the influence of stereotyping, coping self-efficacy and collective self-esteem in the computing disciplines.


This Article examines the phenomenon of philanthrocapitalism in current education reform, with a focus on the Common Core State Learning Standards initiative. Part I describes the role that a small group of philanthropists played in setting and catalyzing the Standards development and implementation. This description includes private philanthropists' interactions with federal, state, and local government actors and other stakeholders. It also examines their work in the political process and the public discourse. Part II then considers the Common Core initiative over the last five years, including the role of philanthrocapitalists, nonprofits, and the state and federal governments, and the recent public backlash against and reconsiderations of the Standards. Part III considers the proper scope and limits of private philanthropists' role in public education policymaking from the perspective of public law norms, governance, and policymaking. Drawing upon structural governance models designed to support robust public engagement in education policymaking, as well as those designed to prevent agency capture, the Article closes by considering methods for placing appropriate boundaries on the influence of philanthrocapitalists. At the same time, it acknowledges the difficulty of imposing meaningful limits in a political environment dominated by the influence of private wealth.


Different statistical properties of laser illumination through atmospheric turbulence have already been derived either in the small or strong perturbation regimes. However, modeling the instantaneous illumination remains useful for the estimation of optical system performances. using an end-to-end propagation model based on a split step algorithm leads up to heavy calculations. We propose a simplified model to provide instantaneous laser illuminations according to the C2/n profile. This simplified method has been implemented. Hypothesis taken into account and cross check with a numerical end-to-end model developed at Onera are presented.


A group of leading critical writers in the school of governmentality studies have recently called for a debate over the methodological and political direction of studies of complex modes of government beyond the confines of the State. This paper traces the divisions within the field to Foucault's ambiguous methodological legacy, in particular to an impoverished theorization of sovereignty. Rather, this paper emphasizes its centripetal function, within and between nation-States, in maintaining hybrid forms of liberal rule in the effort to manage the centrifugal tendencies endemic in a pluralist, liberal order. These modes of rule operate in tension with the role of liberalism as critique. On the basis of this analysis, is argued that radical critique within this field is limited, erroneously distances critique from liberalism and would be unduly restrictive for governmentality theorists who wish to perform a more central role as public intellectuals. Liberalism could once more be the principal focus for a normatively committed form of governmentality studies, which, in turn, could emerge as its principal vehicle for immanent critique and renewal.


The software testing state of practice is not as good as it ought to be. To reduce the gap between the state of practice and the state of the art, improvement in software testing is necessary. Existing improvement models focus too little on, or lack important aspects of, software testing. Therefore a new model is required. This paper describes a test improvement model called TIM. The model functions as a guidebook for test improvement. It is mainly inspired by SEI's Capability Maturity Model and Gelperin's Testability Maturity Model. TIM introduces new perspectives to test improvement, with explicit focus on cost‐effectiveness and risk management. The model addresses five 'key areas' of testing: organization, planning and tracking, test cases, testware and reviews. TIM also includes an assessment procedure. The model is continuously revised as knowledge is gained through research and experience of use. This paper presents results from three applications of TIM. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Based on the analysis and understanding of impeller structure and function, combined with the data information in the process of design and intelligent manufacturing, the content and characteristics of data information are analyzed, and the current research status of impeller design is summarized. The data information of the whole life cycle of impeller is taken as the research object. The characteristics and functions of the data pool are analyzed. The second development is carried out for the design of the impeller by combining with the three-dimensional software UG. The archiving data pool for the intelligent manufacturing of impeller is designed, and the overall framework of the archiving data pool of impeller is constructed. The data fusion of archive data pool is achieved by Java, hive and other components and modules to build Hadoop platform, such as data index search, data filtering, data extraction and other fusion functions. A large number of data generated in the process of impeller design and intelligent manufacturing can be processed, analyzed and extracted more clearly to achieve the purpose of data processing. These researches not only play an important role in data storage and processing, but also have great significance in improving the efficiency and accuracy of impeller design and intelligent manufacturing.


Preliminary experiments carried out in the summer of 1928 had indicated that sampling methods might be used to obtain a satisfactorily precise estimate of the yield of small cereal plots(1). It was thought desirable to test the method more thoroughly, and to compare the estimates with figures obtained by large-scale methods. Accordingly samples were taken from all the plots of the three Rothamsted cereal experiments of 1928, the plots later being harvested with a binder in the ordinary manner. Samples were also taken from the 16 plots of a small experiment on barley at Wellingore, Lines., but no direct measurement of total yield was made for these plots. There were 210 plots in all, but of these 50 were sampled in four sections, corresponding with minor differences in manurial treatment; so that the total number of plots dealt with amounted to 360. The large-scale method, however, treated each of the 50 as a single plot, and thus provided only 210 yield figures.


Aim. The article presents the value of different methods of sampling biopsy during endoscopy with cytological and morphological examination of biopsy material in the diagnostic algorithm of various pathological processes of the respiratory system. Methods and results. The retrospective cohort study of 194 biopsy cases that were obtained during endoscopic studies with morphological study of biopsy material for 2011–2012 periods was presented in the article. The method of biopsy obtaining at endoscopy was determined by the nature and spread of the pathological process in the bronchi and/or lung tissue, which is specified directly in the course of bronchoscopy. In 31.44% of cases it was established that the most often diagnosis was «malignant lung neoplasm» in result of the endoscopy. The parameters of sensitivity, diagnostic value and effectiveness of cytological and histological examinations were calculated. Cytological studies were characterized by high levels of sensitivity and diagnostic value in cases of diagnosis of malignant and benign tumors, non-specific inflammation of the bronchus and lung in cases of direct biopsy at fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FBS) (100.0%). For verification of the diagnosis of benign tumors, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and «rare» diseases of the respiratory system the histological examination of the material from transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) was most important, the value of these indicators was 100.0%. Conclusion. Effectiveness of the complex morphological study of biopsy material at direct biopsy at FBS was 80.5%, while TBLB – 73.6%. Overall effectiveness of complex cytological-histological examination of biopsies in endoscopic studies was 77.05%.


It is clear from this summary that the discretionary power which the President has, either as civil executive or commander-in-chief of the armed forces, is such that it may be used to embroil the country in dangerous controversy and even war with other states. The proposal to extend it by statute to include the placing of restrictions on the exportation of certain commodities from the United States in time of foreign war will, if adopted, involve only a slight addition to the sum total of the vast power which admittedly he already possesses. If this augmentation of his power in the domain of international relations will make him a potential dictator and endanger the peace and security of the nation, consistency would seem to require that he should be deprived of the far greater and potentially more dangerous powers which he already possesses. But no one has seriously proposed that this should be done and there is little in our past experience to justify an argument in support of such a proposal. Professor Corwin, who has made a detailed study of the subject, concludes that "on the whole, therefore, the net result of a century and a quarter of contest for power and influence in determining the international destinies of the country remains decisively and conspicuously in favor of the President." It would seem that, if there is a discernible tendency, it is in the direction of increasing rather than diminishing the President's power in the domain of international relations. The Supreme Court in its opinion in the recent Chaco arms embargo case pointed / out that if embarrassment—perhaps serious embarrassment—is to be avoided / in the conduct of the foreign affairs of the country, it is necessary to accord I to the President a degree of discretion and freedom which would not be ad-/ missible in the conduct of domestic affairs. The court also emphasized that' u the sources of information at the command of the Executive and his ability li to act with promptness and dispatch when prompt action may be necessary, // make him a more efficient and maybe a safer organ to be trusted than the'/ Congress would be. JAMES W. GABNEE


The scientific migration from the Nazi Germany to the USA is the subject of close attention by experts who study development of historical science in the USA and, in particular, such a trend as History of Germany. In the USA before the second half of the XX century not much attention was paid to the history of European countries, and a few researches on the history of Great Britain and France are just some isolated examples. Expat historians had changed the situation. The article presents an analysis of political views of German historians who left for the USA after Nazis had come to power. German expat historians are divided into two groups: 1. emigrants of "the first wave" who earned their qualification in History in Germany and worked as instructors at German universities; and 2. emigrants of "the second wave" who were brought to the USA by their parents and obtained education in the host country. Along with the financial support the US government provided the German emigrants with an opportunity to continue their scientific and educational activities. The research activities by German expat historians embraced such a significant topic as the reasons of Nazis' coming to power. The most important trends of their research are: sustainability of the historical pattern of Germany, the so called 'extraordinary path'; the reasons for the Weimar Republic collapse; the role of the upper middle class and the army leadership as well as the intellectual elite of Germany in Hitler's coming to power; the intellectual origin of Nazism; the ideas of 'the conservative revolution'; the mass culture. Expat historians were the first ones who turned to the issues of 'Holocaust'. The article reveals the influence of 'the Cold War' and the doctrine of totalitarianism on the study of Nazism. The article touches upon the problems of interaction between expat historians and their colleagues in the Federative Republic of Germany and the impact the former made on modernization of the historical science in the West Germany.


Mass attenuation coefficients for pyrolytic graphite have been determined by an X-ray energy-dispersive method with a relative experimental error of about 0.5%. Results are given for the Fe, Co, Cu and Mo Kα1 and Kβ1 lines.


.......................................................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................................................iv Declaration...................................................................................................................................................v Abbreviations and List of Acronyms........................................................................................................vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................... ..........................................................................................viii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1 1.0 Background and problem context ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Problem statement .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 The purpose of the study and key research questions ......................................................................... 3 1.3 Objectives of the research ................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Rationale for the study ........................................................................................................................ 4 1.5 Concepts and definition of important terms ....................................................................................... 5 1.5.1 Small-scale farmers ................................................................................................................ 5 1.5.2 Horticulture ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.5.3 Poverty ................................................................................................................................... 6 1.5.4 Household .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.6 Dissertation organisation .................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER TWO: CONTEXTUALISING THE IMPORTANCE OF HORTICULTURE DEVELOPMENT TO THE ZAMBIAN ECONOMY ...... .................................................................8 2.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Understanding the geographical and historical context ...................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Geographical context ............................................................................................................. 8 2.1.2 Historical backdrop ................................................................................................................ 9 2.2 An overview of the horticultural industry in Zambia ....................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Significance of horticulture to the economy and to poverty alleviation .............................. 15 2.2.2 Market segmentation of horticulture .................................................................................... 17 2.3 Market channels of horticulture ........................................................................................................ 18 2.3.1 Structure and behaviour of horticulture markets .................................................................. 20 2.3.2 Supply and demand .............................................................................................................. 20 2.4 The importance of horticulture to poverty alleviation ...................................................................... 21 2.4.1 Patterns and determinants of poverty reduction ................................................................... 21 2.4.2 Challenges to the performance of small-scale farmers ........................................................ 22 2.4.3 Market access ....................................................................................................................... 23 2.5 The integration of horticulture into the Zambian development trajectory ........................................ 24 2.5.1 Existing competition in the supply chains ........................................................................... 24


Thinking about applying? The application process opens on 1 February 2013 and closes on 1 April 2013. Further details and entry criteria can be found on the website. Organised by the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Emerging Technologies Competition is open to any individuals working in the chemicals science sector either at university, public sector research organisations or small companies based in the UK.


Strate-Building Strategy by Sports is the sport strategy newly promulgated by Japan.It aims at identifying the new sport culture to establish five key developing areas including mass sports,athletic sports,the effective coordination of sports organizations to improve transparency,fairness and configure the support of the foundation of society.This paper explained the policy's main goal content,analysed the policies promulgated that background and reasons that,revealed sports development route transformation of Japan's theory"State-Building by Sports".


The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts are reported for a variety of carbonates (δ 154),thiocarbonates (δ 193 for OCSO, δ 170 for SCOO), dithiocarbonates (δ 215 for SCSO, δ 188 forSCOS) and trithiocarbonates (δ 224).


This paper examines the causality between electricity consumption and economic growth in Nigeria, with a focus on sectorial analysis. The sectors considered are manufacturing sector, agriculture sector, and the service sector. The study covers the periods from 1981 to 2014. The study was done in a vector error correction model (VECM). The results show that the causality run from  manufacturing sector to electricity consumption in long run, but a bidirectional causality in the short run, from electricity consumption to service sector output  in the long run, and  from electricity consumption to service sector output in long run. There is no short run causality between electricity consumption and service sector and agricultural sectors outputs. The paper concludes with the recommendation that government should be careful in implementing electricity conservation policy


Abstract : It is shown that under certain approximations the basic system of equations governing the propagation of ion acoustic waves can be reduced to the Kortweg-deVries equation. (Author)


BETITA DIDN'T LEAVE HER TENACIOUS, LET'S-GET-IT-DONE APPROACH TO activism back in the twentieth century. Combining the same passion she had at age twenty with the wisdom accumulated during 50 years of political battle, she threw herself into the fights for peace and justice in the twenty-first century. Within hours of the first plane hitting the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, activists in the Bay Area were gathering to grieve and plan. Phone lines and living rooms filled with expressions of mourning and efforts to get news of loved ones. Radicals reached out to one another for support, ideas, and advice, for everyone knew that extremely difficult weeks, months, and years lay ahead. Meetings, vigils, and other activities were organized to mourn the victims of the September 11 crimes against humanity, and to call for a US government response that did not lead to war or to racist attacks against Arabs and Muslims. Betita was in the thick of it. By September 20, eleven Bay Area activists, including Betita, had formed an ad-hoc committee to organize systematic political discussions of the new political terrain. A series of forums, seminars, "Old Comrades" meetings, and "Radicals of All Generations" gatherings followed. Several hundred activists participated and offered a host of ideas about projects that might help to stem the tide of jingoism, revenge-seeking, and drum-beating for war that, fanned by the Bush administration and most of the country's political elite, was sweeping the land. Among the ideas suggested was to start a free, in-print tabloid that would bring an accessible antiwar message in English and Spanish to a broad audience. It was a time when antiwar voices--in fact, any voice that dared talk about the connections between US interventions, support for dictatorships in the Middle East, and September 11--were all but excluded from public debate. It was no surprise that Betita, with her years of experience working on radical publications, would be one of the most enthusiastic proponents of giving this ambitious idea a try. In November, Betita was one of an intergenerational group of activists--primarily people of color--that was taking concrete steps to launch such a paper. She helped to hone the vision for a publication to be called War Times/Tiempo de Guerras that would take advantage of a new educational moment to reach people--especially but not exclusively communities of color and working-class and immigrant communities--who were open to an antiwar message, but were not necessarily yet in the antiwar camp. Our initial plan was to print 10,000 copies of a pilot issue and to distribute them in the San Francisco Bay Area, with the hope of eventually distributing it nationally. …


Using the straight-ahead approximation, nucleon-meson cascade calculations were carried out for several solarflare proton spectra incident on a shield. The shield material has approximately the properties of aluminum. Both spherical-shell and slab geometries are considered. (auth)


Estimation of the alkaline phosphates isoenzymes in paired maternal serum and amniotic fluids in term uncomplicated pregnancies and in patients with pre-eclampsia, showed poor correlation coefficients between the levels of both heat stable and heat labile isoenzymes. There was a statistically significant fall in AF (P less than .05) HSAP in pre-eclampsia and a highly significant rise of HLAP in meconial liquor. It is concluded that the poor correlation between the levels of HSAP in maternal serum and amniotic fluid (despite their common source of origin), the normal levels of HLAP in maternal serum in the presence of significantly high levels of HSAP in maternal serum in the presence of significantly diminished levels in amniotic fluid point to a state of relatively diminished permeability of the chorioamniotic membranes to the alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in Nigerians.


Existing per-flow measurement solutions provide coarse-grained information for ISPs to manage their networks, that are insufficient for many new emerging applications such as reverse billing, where charges associated with accessing a web service are billed back to the web service provider rather than the users. For such applications, it is important to construct the entire session tree that represents the transitive closure of all traffic downloaded as a result of a user accessing a given web service. Automated construction of the session tree based on network traffic observation is challenging mainly due to the complex composition of modern web services. In this paper, we present COBWEB, a system that performs automated in-network cobbling and monitoring of web services traffic. Using extensive evaluation using over 700GB of traces, we show COBWEB can achieve good accuracy with low (<; 5%) false positive and negative rates.


Comment on Hoffman et al, page [3053][1]

Hoffman and colleagues provide evidence for the link between the coagulation process, wound healing, and angiogenesis. Compared with wild-type mice, those with Christmas disease lacking coagulation factor IX (FIX) developed subcutaneous hematomas and


The Kidney. An Outline of Normal and Abnormal Structure and Function By H. E. DE WARDENER. Fourth Edition. Pp. 432, illustrated. Edinburgh and London: Churchill Livingstone, 1973. £5.50. Since the third edition of this book in 1967 there have been important developments in the field of renal disease, notably the use of immunofluorescent techniques in the study of renal biopsy material and as an aid to the investigation of the immunological mechanisms involved in glomerular disease. There have been considerable advances in what is known about divalent cation and nitrogen metabolism in chronic renal failure, and in the handling by the kidney of sodium in health and disease. The new edition of Professor de Wardener's book amply covers these advances to which the author has himself made so many important contributions. The book remains probably the best balanced and most readable of all texts on renal physiology and disease. It is balanced both in its views, content and style, which is in a large part owing to the fact that it is written by one author.


Blind source separation (BSS) aims to recover an unobserved signal $S$ from its mixture $X=f(S)$ under the condition that the effecting transformation $f$ is invertible but unknown. As this is a basic problem with many practical applications, a fundamental issue is to understand how the solutions to this problem behave when their supporting statistical prior assumptions are violated. In the classical context of linear mixtures, we present a general framework for analysing such violations and quantifying their impact on the blind recovery of $S$ from $X$. Modelling $S$ as a multidimensional stochastic process, we introduce an informative topology on the space of possible causes underlying a mixture $X$, and show that the behaviour of a generic BSS-solution in response to general deviations from its defining structural assumptions can be profitably analysed in the form of explicit continuity guarantees with respect to this topology. This allows for a flexible and convenient quantification of general model uncertainty scenarios and amounts to the first comprehensive robustness framework for BSS. Our approach is entirely constructive, and we demonstrate its utility with novel theoretical guarantees for a number of statistical applications.


Enterprise has many kinds of knowledge management methods. But what kind of knowledge management method is more effective to technological innovation? Four kinds of typical approaches for enterprises knowledge management are advanced; they are knowledge content accumulation,human network building,business process integration and core competence cultivation. Then,an empirical research framework of enterprise knowledge management approachtechnological innovation process-technological innovation performance is set up and research hypotheses are put forward. And with the data of survey questionnaires,research hypotheses are empirically checked through the structural equations. The results indicate that human network building knowledge management approach has a significant positive effect on the concept idea activities of technological innovation; business process integration and knowledge content accumulation approaches have greater positive influence on the activities of research and development production; and on the verification and listed phase,human network building and core competence cultivation approaches of knowledge management are relatively effective. Finally,based on the study,some suggestions on the improvement of enterprise technological innovation performance of practical feasible path are put forward.


Abstract : The Test Program Set Cost Algorithm provides a methodology for identifying and quantifying the funding costs of major tasks in Test Program Sets (TPS's) development. Areas that are addressed by the study include the learning curve effect, impact of ATE maturity, impact of UUT (Unit Under Test) Testability, effect of design guides on development and life-cycle costs, management-controlled cost factors, utilization of Automatic Test Program Generation (ATPG), development costs vs. life-cycle costs, fault insertion and customer 'sell-off', and commercial vs. military support. The basic algorithm deals with the analysis, coding, checkout and sell-off of a test program set but other factors such as overhead support, interface device design, ATE compatibility, etc., are discussed. The application and usage of the algorithm should provide a valuable estimating tool to assess costs associated with Test Program Set development. (Author)


The frequent allelic deletions observed on the short arm of chromosome 11 in ovarian tumors suggest that the WTI gene, a proposed tumor‐suppressor gene located on chromosome 11 p 13 and expressed in the human fetal genitourinary system, may contribute to the development of ovarian neoplasms. Structural and sequence analysis of the entire coding portions of the WTI gene did not reveal any abnormalities in the 20 ovarian tumor specimens (13 of which showed 11p13 allelic deletions) and 5 cell lines which we analyzed. These findings invalidate the hypothesis that the WTI gene functions as a classical tumor‐suppressor gene in ovarian tumorigenesis and suggest that a different recessive oncogene may be "exposed" by the observed 11 p 13 allelic deletions. Expression analysis showed that the WTI gene was transcriptionally active in all the tumors tested, but considerable variations in the mRNA levels were found. This apparent variability, which should be confirmed at the cellular level in the tumor specimens, was also observed in the ovarian tumor‐cell lines. Finally, WTI expression data were evaluated in conjunction with immunohistochemical data on p53. The possible functional effects of altered WTI mRNA expression in ovarian tumors are discussed, taking into account the potential WTI/p53 protein interaction. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The brittleductile transition of ethylene/1-octene copolymer (POE) toughened polyamide 6 (PA6) was studied at various temperatures. The experimental results show that the critical interparticle distance (IDc) is independent of the POE content, and the POE particle size at lower temperatures, that is, the temperature is much lower than the brittleductile transition temperature (T?BDm) of PA6. At higher temperatures, however, especially temperatures close to the T?BDm, the IDc depends on the POE particle size. This indicates that Wu's criterion for rubber toughening, specifically that the IDc is a material property of the matrix, independent of rubber volume fraction and particle size, is inapplicable at higher temperatures for the brittleductile transition of the POE toughened PA6. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013


A sealant for blocking the leakage of high-temp. team, hydrocarbon and flue fume under pressure is prepared from carrier material (phosphate, silicate, etc.), solidifying agent, filler and organic assistant through mechanical mixing. It is applied to the leakage position through installing a mould, high-pressure injection of the said sealant, and solidifying. Its temp. tolerance is 800 deg.C.


Under the simple medical condition and medical and weak health work, the author organized the city youth medical personnel to go to countryside to diagnose and treat disease and relief the peasant complaint, held the medical lecture and train medical personnel, made the diagnose and treat program standard, propagandaed the disease prevention and cure ,made the medical knowledge pervasion, relieved the short of medicine, promoted the country doctor level, powerfully reinforced the peasant concept of health care, strengthened the youth consciousness of responsibility of ser-vice the country medicine, enhanced the cooperation between city and country on medicine, impulsed the reform of new countryside medical system, and provided the new thinking of the reasonable allocation of medical resources and the construction of harmony society.


Spray quenching process is nitrogen, water mixture as the cooling medium of the new quenching process. The research shows that the flow of water and nitrogen pressure can be controlled to achieve the purpose of cooling rate. T10 steel as a cylindrical test object, the different ratio of water flow, nitrogen pressure as different quenching conditions, it cooled from 780 °C to 10 °C time ranging from 48 to 270 seconds, and the surface of the core after quenching hardness changes in operating conditions as occurred with the change.


An array antenna system with innovative signal processing can enhance the resolution of a signal direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. Super resolution algorithms take advantage of array antenna structures to better process the incoming signals. They also have the ability to identify multiple targets. This paper explores the eigen-analysis category of super resolution algorithm. A class of Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithms known as a root-MUSIC algorithm is presented in this paper. The root-MUSIC method is based on the eigenvectors of the sensor array correlation matrix. It obtains the signal estimation by examining the roots of the spectrum polynomial. The peaks in the spectrum space correspond to the roots of the polynomial lying close to the unit circle. Statistical analysis of the performance of the processing algorithm and processing resource requirements are discussed in this paper. Extensive computer simulations are used to show the performance of the algorithms.


A kinetics investigation of the interchangeable process in the equilibrium between the Z- and E-isomers of a stable phosphorus ylide involving a 2-mercaptobenzoxazol has been undertaken by the variable temperature 1H-NMR technique. Activation parameters such as k−1, k1, ktotal, Ea1, Ea-1, Eatotal, ΔS#, ΔH#, and ΔG# along with thermodynamic parameters alike Ke, ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS° were obtained from experimental data for the forward and reverse steps of opposing reaction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 42A: 101–107, 2013.


This paper addresses the Reform of Criminal Procedure, 2008 after more than three years of operation. Includes the study of Law No 11689 and Law no 11.690 of June 9, 2008, Law No 11719 of June 20, 2008 and Law no. It also includes the study of the Law No 11.767/2008 who treated the sanctity of the attorney's office and Law No 11.767/08 which became disciplinary hearings by videoconference. It's made a foreshortened history of the idea of reform of criminal procedure and then goes on to analyze the items highlighted the reform of criminal procedure 2008. After all is done the conclusion of this study, analyzing the state of global reform of 2008.


The method of Factor analysis was used to study the relationships of sugarcane leaf net photosynthetic rate( P n),intercellular CO 2 concentration( C i),stomatal conductance( G s),transpiration rate( T r),water use efficiency( WUE),PS II photochemical efficiency( F v / F m),PSII potential activity( F v / F o) with drought resistance of sugarcane. The results showed that 7 photosynthetic indexes were divided into 2 factors by factor analysis and the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 87. 6%. F v / F o,P n,F v / F m,G s and T r played important roles in factor 1 and C i,WUE dominated in factor 2. Factor analysis of the sugarcane varieties and agronomic characters were basically the same. The results show that the use of factor analysis of photosynthetic traits is feasible.


Abstract Background and purpose: Although management fashions have been discussed for nearly 30 years, a certain amount of time had to pass before the discussions were based on factual data. This research mainly aims to trace management approaches in some selected international indices over nearly half a century. In this study, the basic question of how the historical course of management fashions has developed has been answered by following the development course. Methods: The Descriptive Statistical method was preferred in the study because of its suitability to the subject's essence, the purpose of the research, and the research question's answer. The research was carried out based on the data collected about management trends by scanning the Web of Science and Scopus databases covering 1975-2020. Results: Management fashions follow rapid adoption, implementation, disappointment, and abandonment. Research results; show that the lack of knowledge and awareness of management fashions poses a significant waste of time and intellectual capital. This determination is crucial, especially for young researchers and new generation managers. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that while new approaches that have tangible counterparts and can be grounded continue, approaches that do not have concrete counterparts disappear, causing a waste of time and mental effort.


Asthma is one of the most common chronic and inflammatory respiratory diseases, which is estimated to affect 1–10% of the population in different regions across the world. Previous studies have shown that recombinant Ling‐Zhi 8 (rLZ‐8), an immunoregulatory protein originally extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, plays multiple roles in regulating murine immune cells, including T cells. Here, we examined whether rLZ‐8 would ameliorate pulmonary inflammation in a model of asthma‐like mice. We found that rLZ‐8 significantly inhibited the lung inflammation and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, including dendritic cells and eosinophils, in OVA‐induced asthmatic mice. It also deceased IL‐17A level but increased IL‐10 level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) while reducing RORγt mRNA expression and enhancing Foxp3 mRNA level in the lung tissue. Flow cytometry studies demonstrated that rLZ‐8 remarkably down‐regulated Th17 cells but upregulated Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, rather than influencing Th1 versus Th2 cells. Experiments in vitro also showed that rLZ‐8 suppressed murine CD3+ T cell proliferation and reduced the frequency of Th17 cells while promoting the differentiation of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs. Moreover, rIL‐8 similarly altered human Th17/Treg generation or their balance in vitro. Finally, we found that rLZ‐8 suppressed signaling pathways of both STAT3 and NF‐κB (P100/P52) in murine lung tissue as well as cultured T cells. Thus, we have demonstrated that rLZ‐8 attenuates pulmonary inflammation through regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells in OVA‐induced asthmatic mice and that rLZ‐8 may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of asthma in clinic.


We report the first Vivaldi arrays monolithically fabricated exclusively using commercial, low-cost, 3-D metal printing (direct metal laser sintering [DMLS]). Furthermore, we developed one of the first dual-polarized Vivaldi arrays on a triangular lattice, and compare it to a square lattice array. The triangular lattice is attractive because it has a 15.5% larger cell size compared to the square lattice and can be more naturally truncated into a wide range of aperture shapes such as a rectangle, hexagon, or triangle. Both arrays operate at 3–20 GHz and scan angles out to 60° from normal. The fabrication process is significantly simplified compared to previously published Vivaldi arrays since the antenna is ready for use directly after the standard printing process is complete. This rapid manufacturing is further expedited by printing the "Sub-Miniature Push-on, Micro" (SMPM) connectors directly onto the radiating elements, which simplifies assembly and reduces cost compared to utilizing discrete RF connectors. The arrays have a modular design that allows for combining multiple subarrays together for arbitrarily increasing the aperture size. Simulations and measurements show that our arrays have similar performance as previously published Vivaldi arrays, but with simpler fabrication.


The great task of prophecy was the transformation of the religion of Israel. To this task it gave itself with unselfish and unremitting zeal and achieved a large measure of success. The glory of the prophets is that they knew where to place the emphasis in religion. They sought to substitute for rites and ceremonies, splendid and sincere as they were, still more splendid ideals and purposes. They would make religion a genuine heart experience, changing and controlling all the currents of life. A passion for justice, truth, and mercy must be far more highly prized than any degree of zeal for sacrifices and institutions. True religion is a right attitude of mind and heart toward God and man. Prophecy moves not in the sphere of the external and mechanical, but in that of the inner and vital. The best formulation of the religious ideal of prophecy is that furnished by the description of the "new covenant" in Jer., chap. 31. The prophets' teaching concerning atonement runs along different lines from those followed by the preprophetic teaching on the one hand, and the priestly conceptions on the other. The reason for this lies in the prophets' conception of sin. For them sin is an attitude, or an act of the will. There can be no unconscious, "unwitting, " or automatic sinning. Sin is not an accident, but a choice. Man wills to be and do evil rather than good. Therefore sacrifices and offerings in themselves can be of no effect in appeasing God when angry on account of sin. Nothing will serve to assuage the divine wrath save the total abandonment of the evil ways or thoughts that have occasioned the wrath. No gifts can atone to the Lord of the whole earth for violations of his moral and spiritual law. Resolute turning away from evil is the only thing required; but it is an indispensable prerequisite of pardon and the restoration of divine favor. Repentance precedes forgiveness. A humble and contrite heart is the only recom-


Abstract Introduction: To introduce an innovative technique of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy (TSV) with ultrasonic lithotripter for severe persistent hematospermia. Materials and Methods: From May 2012 to December 2015, totally 14 patients with severe persistent hematospermia underwent TSV with an ultrasonic lithotripter. For the patient with a positive urine solution microorganism culture, the sensitive antimicrobial therapy is administrated and the negative culture outcome is confirmed before the TSV procedure.1,2 Under general anesthesia, the patient is positioned in the standard lithotomy position. The 8F rigid ureteroscopy used as the seminal vesiculoscopy is inserted retrogradely, under the guidance of a 0.032-inch Zebra guidewire, through the utricular orifice at the verumontanum.3 After entering the lumen, the Zebra guidewire is further introduced through the ejaculatory duct orifice to guide the ureteroscopy entering seminal vesicle. If the orifice is masked behind a thin transparent membra...


Catheter ablation of perimitral atrial tachycardia (PMAT) is challenging. Epicardial conduction of the Marshall bundle (MB) across the mitral isthmus (MI) remains an important cause of recurrent tachycardia. The role of ethanol infusion into the vein of Marshall (EI‐VOM) for PMAT has not been fully elucidated.


A depositional model for the coals of the Tradewater Formation and associated rock units was constructed as a predictive device for the occurrence of economically important low sulfur coal. Twenty-one cores were examined and ninety-eight coal samples were analyzed for maceral, ash, and sulfur contents. These data were then analyzed to determine regional variation as well as vertical variation in single coal columns. Core data indicate that the majority of the Tradewater rocks consist of irregularly distributed, coarsening-upward, fine-grained detrital material which was deposited in shallow bodies of water. Minor fossiliferous shales and limestones suggest a marine influence. Less common coarse-grained, fining-upward sequences appear to be deposits of meandering channels. Like the detrital rocks, the coal seams are also irregularly distributed and exhibit variable petrographic and chemical properties reflecting changes in the Eh and pH of the coal swamp waters as well as detrital influx into the swamps. These swamps were relatively limited in extent and probably occupied the upper reaches of the tidal zone. The lack of significant stratigraphic and geographic trends in the regional data suggests that this mode of deposition was widespread and continued for a long period of time. 42 references, 19 figures, 9 tables.


Method for wireless communication, device, and computer program product is provided. The device collects information about the interference non-serving cell, and uses that information may be a UE for improving the decoding of the serving cell signal. The method from the serving evolved Node B (eNB), to perform the method comprising: receiving information including one or more transmission characteristics of at least one non-serving cell, interference cancellation, at least one of the demodulation it contains the door, or on the basis of the received information, provide improved channel quality indicator (CQI). .FIELD 8


This study was done on edible, inedible and poisonous macrofungi collected around the Balikesir-Manisa highway from two different areas (roadside and background area) in 1998-1999. Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Co, Cd, Ni and Pb contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer in 256 samples belonging to 24 macrofungi species. The habitat, edibility and distribution of the taxa in the families were listed. According to mean dry weight (DW), Mn, Co and Cd contents were high in Omphalotus olearius (DC.: Fr.) Fr., which is a poisonous macrofungus species compared to the others; however, Fe levels were also extremely high. The lowest Cu, Mn and Fe contents were found in Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murr., which is an edible macrofungus. The highest Pb and Zn contents were determined in Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. as 6.5 mg/kg and 274 mg/kg respectively. The contents of Ni and Cd seemed to be lower the near road.


In recent years, juvenile and family court judges and others have searched for better approaches to cases in which maltreatment of children overlaps with the abuse of a spouse or partner. Extensive research over the past few decades has demonstrated that the two are often closely related, and yet conventional remedies often address the problems separately. Indeed, in some cases, one problem is addressed in ways that exacerbate the other.


The improvement of the synthesis of P507 solvent impregnated resins,and the performance of adsorption and separation of Zr(Ⅵ) and Hf(Ⅵ) in H2SO4 by these resins were performed.The adsorption of Zr(Ⅵ) and Hf(Ⅵ) has been carried out in the different acidity and temperature and separation coefficients were obtained.The optimum time of adsorption equilibrium was studied and the separation coefficients in the conditions of various percentage content Hf(Ⅵ) and the elution facts of Zr(Ⅵ) and Hf(Ⅵ) were done.


A 66-year-old woman with a history of gastric cancer underwent cataract surgery. A few days later, herpes zoster ophthalmicus developed. The incidence of herpes zoster ophthalmicus after cataract surgery, as found in this patient, may be rare.


From an internal electromotive voltage calculated from the internal phase angle and reactive power control loop is calculated from the effective power control loop, by calculating the target value of the output current of the power converter, the system interconnection, etc., change of control method by supplying electric power converter that does not require, it made it possible to build easy autonomous power supply system of handling.


The research focuses on the analysis of characteristics of the German federal states that are significant in attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Greenfield projects. Multinational enterprise's goal is to achieve the highest gain when investing in certain regions and consequently certain attributes play a crucial role in encouraging or deterring investments in a certain location. Using the Conditional logit model I have tried to asses which state characteristics are more relevant for policymakers when trying to attract more foreign investors in one of the sixteen states part of the German Federal Republic.


BACKGROUND
Human brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM) is the utmost hostile malignancy, currently lack of successful cure and deprived prognosis.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the anticancer effects of syringic acid (SA) on human cancer GBM cells.

METHODOLOGY
The different doses of SA were added to GBM cells to fix its outcome on viability, invasion, relocation, apoptosis, and mRNA and protein levels. Hence, we explored the anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, and apoptotic activity of SA against GBM human U-251 cells.

RESULTS
MTT assay and live/dead assay revealed the anti-proliferative activity of SA on U-251 glioma cells. Apoptotic activity of SA was showed by DAPI staining, caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 mRNA expressions. The cell cycle regulation was also confirmed by reducing the mRNA expression of cyclinD1, CDK4, and CDK6. Treatment of SA with U-251 cells suppressed MMPs expressions and enhanced TIMPs proteins levels.

CONCLUSION
Our findings put forward that SA could prevent GBM cells invasion and relocation. SA is an ideal neuroprotective agent for controlling brain malignancy.


The problem of shortage of modern, opened for everyone climbing walls in Ekaterinburg is discussed. Systematized are the most effective suggestions for the constructing and equipping climbing centers.


It is difficult to make any choice without clarity relating to the criteria of choice and the various alternatives from which a choice is to be made. This implies that there should be a meaningful and clear presentation of the alternatives in the light of the choice criteria. The choice criteria depend on the objectives one seeks, and the alternatives depend on the actual information relating to the implications of various feasible courses of action. If the objectives are clearly perceived and are such as can be quantified and combined into a single quantitative measure and if the information relating to all the feasible courses of action is perfect and is such as can be expressed in quantitative terms and hence in terms of the choice criteria, the choice problem indeed would be simple, and the selection process would be mechanical; there would be no managerial problem. However, reality is different. The objectives may not be clear, and some of them may be such as cannot be quantified and measured; further, the relative significance of the various objectives changes with time and circumstances. In addition, the objectives may not be independent of the extent of information with regard to the alternative courses of action, and this information can never be perfect: not only is the future uncertain and unknowable, but also information relating to the present as well as the past is always incomplete.' Thus the decision-making process becomes complex, and the appropriateness of a specific decision depends on the ability of decision-making organs to respond creatively to the challenge for action.2