The quantitative and qualitative contents of free and total amino acids were estimated in hyphae of six isolates of Rhizoctonia solani. Such isolates were varied in their virulence on bean ( Phasiolus vulgaris ) Giza-3 cultivar. It has been found that the mycelium of the high virulent isolates (4,5,6) contained higher amounts of total amino acids than that of the less virulent isolates (1,2,3). The mean content of lucine was the highest 1760.76 mg/100g fresh weight of the total amino acids of all fungal isolates. However, the least means of total amino acids were found with proline 107.352 mg/100g f.w and cystine 16.710. The rest of total amino acids were varied between the fungal isolates in which the high virulent isolates (4,5,6) contained high amount of Glutamic (1086.164, 1245.230 and 2202.330 mg/100g f.w respectively), Glycine (1346.484, 1431.663 and 2530.702 mg/100g f.w respectively) and lucine (2009.396, 2194.982 and 3465.961 mg/100g f.w respectively). On the other hand Histidine was found also in high concentration (755.084 mg/100g f.w) in hyphae of the high virulent isolate No.6 which could be related to virulenc. In case of free amino acid, the highest contents means were found with thrionine (105.442 mg/100g f.w) and glutamic (144.803 mg/100g f.w). Both high virulent isolates 5 and 6 contained the high amounts of Aspartic (64.810 and 136.821 mg/100g f.w respectively) and Glutamic (218.626 and 294.383 mg/100g f.w respectively) . The least amounts of free amino acids in hyphae of all isolates were proline, Cystine, Lucine and Phenylalanine. The distribution of free amino acids concentrations was varied between the different isolats and does not follow specific trend. Such data indicate that virulence of certain fungal isolates could be related to the amount of some total amino acids rather than free amino acids.


The present invention discloses a method of generating adjacent district, the method is as follows: Load the digital map of planning district that need generate the list of adjacent district, then calculate the power of the receiving signal with the use of region geographic data and the data of base stations, and then generate the covering map of service district according to the power of the receiving signal; Generate the adjacent district list of each service district grid by grid, in the covering map of the service district; Determine the signal intensity and telephone traffic of each adjacent district in the switching band; Sort each adjacent district by the weighting value of the signal intensity and telephone traffic in the switching band, and then determine the priority of this service area in the list of adjacent districts; choose adjacent district for each service area, in accordance with the number of adjacent districts required by each service district. With the use of this invention, the relationship of adjacent area could be relatively accurate achieved in the network planning, so precise district would be chosen and network quality would be optimized.


OF DISSERTATION ...........................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................xii LIST OF FIGURES ...........................................................................................................xiv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................1 I.1: HYPOTHESES ..................................................................................................9 CHAPTER II: REAL-WORLD CORRELATIONS OF EPIBIONTS WITH DIVERSITY, BIOMASS, AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF FISHES ................................................................ 13 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 13 MATERIALS AND METHODS ...................................................................................... 15 II.1: STUDY SITES ............................................................................................... 15 II.2: FISH SURVEYS............................................................................................. 19 II.3: EPIBIONT SURVEYS ..................................................................................... 20 II.4: ABIOTIC FACTORS....................................................................................... 21 II.5: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS............................................................................... 21 RESULTS .................................................................................................................. 22 II.6: GENERAL RESULTS ..................................................................................... 22 II.7: DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF FISHES ...................................................... 23 II.8: AGE CLASSES.............................................................................................. 28 II.9: ABIOTIC FACTORS....................................................................................... 29 II.10: COMMUNITY LEVEL EFFECTS .................................................................... 30


We investigate the value of horizontal turbulent diffusivity η by numerical calculation of thermal convection. In this study, we introduce a new method whereby the turbulent diffusivity is estimated by monitoring the time development of the passive scalar, which is initially distributed in a given Gaussian function with a spatial scale d0. Our conclusions are as follows: (1) assuming the relation η = Lcvrms/3, where vrms is the root-mean-square (rms) velocity, the characteristic length Lc is restricted by the shortest one among the pressure (density) scale height and the region depth. (2) The value of turbulent diffusivity becomes greater with the larger initial distribution scale d0. (3) The approximation of turbulent diffusion holds better when the ratio of the initial distribution scale d0 to the characteristic length Lc is larger.


The invention discloses a network text segmenting method based on the genetic algorithm, used for segmenting short network texts. The method comprises the following steps of: evaluating a Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model corresponding to a corpus by using a Gibbs sampling method, inferring latent topic information using the model, representing texts by using the latent topic information; then transforming a text-segmenting process into a multi-target optimum process by using a parallel genetic algorithm, and calculating the coherency of segmented units, the divergence among the segmented units and fitness functions by using deeper semantic information; and carrying out the genetic iteration of the text segmenting process, and determining whether the segmenting process terminates based on the similarity among multi-iteration results or the upper limit of iterations to obtain the global optimal solution for segmenting the texts. Therefore, the invention improves the accuracy for segmenting the short network texts.


unconstitutional in Loving v. Virginia. Although this case promotes marital freedom and racial equality, there are still significant legal and social barriers to the free formation of intimate relationships. Marriage continues to be the sole measure of commitment, mixed relationships continue to be rare, and same-sex marriage is legal in only eight out of fifty states. Most discussion of Loving celebrates the symbolic dismantling of marital racial discrimination. This book, however, takes a more critical approach to ask how Loving has influenced the "loving" of America. How far have we come since then, and what effect did the case have on individual lives?


The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducts a census of agriculture every five years. A major focus after the 2002 Census was to improve the speed and efficiency of the edit and imputation system for the 2007 Census. The imputation routine developed for 2007 achieved the speed goals set forth during the 2007 Census planning phase, but no effort was made to benchmark the new procedure against other SAS search techniques. This study compared the search method used in the 2007 Census of Agriculture imputation routine with five alternative SAS techniques for finding a record in a SAS dataset. The results showed that the temporary array technique used in the 2007 Census had the fastest response times with the least variation among the techniques tested.


Aims: This review of literature aimed to assess the role and establish the current status of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) in the management of benign and malignant rectal lesions. Methods: Areview of the literature was undertaken through the Medline database and by cross-referencing previous publications, thus identifying 54 relevant publications on TEM in the management of rectal lesions. Aggregated results of various parameters were calculated but statistical comparisons deemed unsuitable due to heterogeneity of data. Results: The TEM procedure is associated with good functional results, morbidity of 4% and zero procedure-related mortality. The local recurrence rates after TEM excision is 4.5% (range 0–14) for benign rectal lesions, 6% (0–13) for T1 cancers, 14% (range 0–50) for T2 cancers and 20% (range 14–67%) for T3 cancers. Local recurrences after TEM can be surgically salvaged with good disease free survival rates. Conclusions: The TEM procedure clearly offers the benefits of good exposure of the operative field allowing extremely precise dissection and access to high rectal lesions unresectable by other methods. For pTis and low risk pT1 lesions, the oncological results are comparable to the more traditional formal resection. The routine use of TEM for high-risk pT1 and higher stage lesions is not an oncologically sound choice at the present moment.


The "International Temperature Formula" generally in use since 1910 does no more correspond to the cells and the demands of precision of today. Therefore a new equation was determined for the relation of the emf to temperature from 10 to 30 °C based on very exact measurements of emf and temperature: Et E20 − [39,78 (t − 20) + 0,936 (t − 20)2 − 0,0086 (t − 20)3] · 10-6.


e19532 Background: Cancer patients, especially those with lung cancer, have an elevated risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Additionally, chemotherapy (CTX) has been found to be associated with a higher incidence of VTE. This study assessed the incidence, timing, and risk factors for VTE, and the association between VTE and survival among CTX-treated patients with lung cancer.

METHODS
Using Florida Medicaid administrative claims data (FY 2000-2008), patients with any diagnosis of primary lung cancer and ≥1 claim for CTX (date of first claim was index) within 4 months of diagnosis were selected. Patients with VTE prior to CTX initiation and those enrolled in Medicare or an HMO in the index or prior month were excluded. Cox proportional hazards models were developed to assess risk factors for VTE and the impact of VTE (as a time-dependent variable) on overall survival.

RESULTS
Of 15,749 lung cancer patients, 2,242 met all study inclusion criteria (mean age 56 years, 52% female). The incidence of VTE was 6.8 per 100 person-years among patients not receiving CTX versus 11.6 per 100 person-years among those on CTX (P<.001). Among lung cancer patients undergoing CTX and developing VTE, median time to occurrence was 109 days, with 61% and 82% of patients experiencing an event within 6 and 12 months, respectively. Risk of incident VTE increased with comorbidity (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] =1.53 for Charlson comorbidity score of 1 vs 0; P=.006, and HR=1.61 for a comorbidity score of 2 vs 0; P=.013) and presence of metastatic lung cancer (HR=1.75; P<.001). Controlling for the above and other characteristics, presence of VTE was significantly associated with faster time-to-death (HR=1.80; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that VTE was common among lung cancer patients and occurred more often among those receiving chemotherapy compared to those not receiving chemotherapy. The underlying mechanism of this association is yet unknown. Majority of VTE events occurred within 6 months of initiating CTX. The occurrence of a VTE event was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality. Clinical studies of strategies to prevent VTE in this high-risk population are warranted.


It is widely agreed that the state of art in methodologies, techniques and tools for embedded systems development is many years behind their desktop counterparts. The job of the embedded software developer is further complicated by the increasing tendency of system designers to shift functionality and complexity away from hardware and into software. As part of an ongoing research at Philips Semiconductors, we have been investigating solutions to the two main problems of productivity and reliability in embedded software development. This paper describes our research effort in this investigation. Specifically, the paper first describes the requirements on embedded systems and their development challenges. It then provides a literature survey of some techniques that address the issues of productivity and reliability. With this background the paper proposes a model driven architectural approach to embedded software development.


to the empty metaphors that Gogol ́ is so famous for presenting. Likewise, Valentino provides his readers a comparative look at the sense of manliness embodied by Vronsky and Levin in Tolstoi's novel Anna Karenina. Valentino emphasizes how it is in these two characters where there begins to be a "shift from landed (virtuous) to symbolic (virtual) conceptions of property" (88). Modern ideas of masculinity and virtue transform in a commercial environment. The final substantive chapter—before the conclusion—compares Nabokov's Lolita with Pasternak's Doctor Zhivago. The protagonist in each of these masterpieces provides fascinating fodder for an analysis of masculinity norms, as we witness the decline of the heroic norm and the rise of the commercial one. On the one hand, Valentino explains, there is Zhivago, a suffering hero, and on the other, Humbert, who represents something "fundamentally material and plastic." Reflecting this contrast, Humbert envisions his love object instrumentally, someone to be had, while Zhivago imagines Lara as the "whole of his life" and "all God's earth" (108). The contrast revolves around ownership, property and ultimately love and virtue. Overall, this volume, which tackles many of the central themes of comparative study of Russia and the west, ends with a discussion of Don DeLillo and Cosmopolis in a comparative frame. In this sense, A Woman in the Window is a comment on the state of virtue in the modern world, as it asks the central question of how have processes of modernization and economic transformation impacted notions of masculinity and virtue in Russian consciousness and self-definition. In this sense, it is a useful read for those of us interested in thinking about how modern Russian literature and culture fits into a larger conversation about the rise of consumerism so characteristic of the modern world. The one area where Valentino might have been more analytical is in regards to his grounding in gender theory. There is an entire literature about meanings of manhood in Russia, Europe, the U.S., and beyond that might have helped him think through the insistence on single gender narratives and unified subjectivities.


The Conservation Reserve Program has repeatedly been demonstrated to provide habitat benefits for grassland birds (Allen 1994, Dunn et al. 1993, Kantrud et al. 1993). Established by the United States Congress as part of the 1985 Food Security Act (Farm Bill), the Conservation Reserve program was initially intended to reduce soil erosion by removing the most erodible soils from production. The program quickly took on the additional goals of controlling commodity production and improving wildlife habitat. Since 1985 the program has taken out of production some 36 million acres of cropland nationwide. Each farmer entering a CRP contract agrees not to plant crops on the contracted fields for 10 years. Instead one of about 20 conservation cover types is established on the land. About 85% of CRP acres have been planted in either tame (domestic) pasture grasses and legumes or in native grasses, with the rest planted in trees or a specified combination of vegetation types. Native grass cover was established on about 20% of CRP land nationwide (NRCS 1997). In 1996 a new Farm Bill extended the CRP for another ten years at the same rate of enrollment (up to 36 million acres nationwide). Among the benefits most stressed in the new rules is habitat enhancement. While it is clear that habitat benefits do result from CRP, it is less certain which conditions provide significantly better or poorer habitat benefits. From a habitat restoration perspective, the type of cover planted is an essential factor in the quality of habitat created--and the types of species that benefit--on CRP fields. Information on relative value of habitat types could increase the environmental effectiveness of the program and optimize the tremendous amounts of money and land invested in the CRP.


The record of the Association for the year ending the 30th of June shows a struggle crowned with some measure of success. Despite the ever increasing prices of labor and materials the work has not been greatly hampered, and its condition is at least as favorable as it was a year ago. Friends interested in the Association have made efforts to widen the support of the undertaking and have thus increased the income from one source sufficiently to counteract what was lost from another. A few new friends of the organization have been discovered from month to month, and they have made themselves felt as both promoters of the study of the Negro and donors of funds to keep the effort above pecuniary embarrassment. The National Advisory Committee authorized at the last annual meeting has gone into action and has stirred up certain communities not hitherto reached, but the nation-wide appeal has not been extended throughout the country as planned. Some members of the Committee made the mistake of thinking that they were merely being asked to use their names for dressing up the stationery, and these must be weeded out to make room for persons who are ready to play their part in the national campaign.


Despite the many excellent papers on classification of sedimentary rocks, there is still so much loose and variable usage of names that it is not possible to be certain--or, at times, to have even a good notion--of the intended meanings of names found in the literature. If intelligible communication contributes anything to progress in sedimentary petrology, then the existing state of affairs must constitute an appreciable drag on progress. This paper is presented to re-draw End_Page 483------------------------------ attention to this lamentable state, to plead for wider employment of clearly defined names, and to offer a general system of nomenclature which could provide a means of achieving greater uniformity and precision in terminology. This system is not in the least revolutionary but merely proposes restricted meaning for many existing names and a general scheme for systematically deriving other names. Guiding principles are: (1) names should be based on petrographic features; (2) these features should be established, not inferred; (3) the system for naming rocks should be flexible enough to apply both in the field and in the laboratory; and (4) names should be just as quantitative as the means of examination permits. The classical concept of sedimentary rocks as mixtures of mechanical and chemical fractions is the principal nomenclatural basis in this system. The main name reflects the most abundant constituent of the dominant fraction. A finer division of silicate sandstone than is customarily made is believed practical and desirable. Three terms are proposed to fill a conspicuous gap in terminology. Aggregal and integral describe textures of mechanical and chemical origin, respectively, but are defined petrographically. Accretic, a correlative term with clastic, describes aggregal textures composed of grains formed by accretion. Integral textures include those which are crystalline and amorphous. The most important point concerning nomenclature is that the reader understand the terminology employed by the writer. This can be assured by reference to an explicit classification or nomenclatural system. End_of_Article - Last_Page 484------------


The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) may facilitate attention to social stimuli by influencing early stage bottom-up processing although findings in relation to different emotional expressions are inconsistent and its influence on top-down cognitive processing mechanisms unclear. In the current double-blind, placebo (PLC) controlled, between subject design study we therefore recruited 71 male subjects to investigate the effects of intranasal OXT (24IU) on both bottom-up attention allocation and top-down attention inhibition using a visual antisaccade paradigm with concurrent eye movement acquisition. Our results show that OXT increased antisaccade errors for social stimuli (all types of emotional faces), but not shapes. This effect of OXT was modulated by trait behavioral inhibition and there was also evidence for reduced state anxiety after OXT treatment. Antisaccades are under volitional control and therefore this indicates that OXT treatment produced reduced top-down inhibition. However, the overall findings are consistent with OXT acting to reduce top-down control of attention as a result of increasing bottom-up early attentional processing of social, but not non-social, stimuli in situations where the two systems are in potential conflict. This effect of OXT is also modulated by individual levels of trait behavioral inhibition possibly as a result of an anxiolytic action.


Maritime Education and Training (MET) throughout the Globe is carried out in accordance with the International STCW (Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers 1978) Convention (as amended in 1995, 1997, and very recently in 2010) of International Maritime Organisation (IMO), a sub United Nations Organisation. Code A of STCW Convention enholds the mandatory provisions to be maintained by Parties in order to give full and complete effect to the Convention whereas Code B enholds recommended guidance to assist Parties to the Convention as recently amended in 2010. Moreover, IMO and White List Exercise of STCW 2010 identifies the STCW Parties which had been found to give full and complete effect to the provisions of the revised STCW Convention whereas IMO and Quality Standards Exercise of STCW carries out an independent evaluation on sight, covering all aspects of training and the administration of the certification system; conducted at intervals of not more than 5 years through IMO Competent Person Panels assessing Country Reports of Administrations which are Parties to IMO. This paper will describe types and concepts of MET on worldwide basis as well as the implementation of the IMO Quality Standards System in Turkey in MET Institutions through the liaison of Higher Education Council(YOK) and Undersecretariat of Maritime Affairs of Turkey(UMA), the Administration which is Party to IMO.


committee could be imagined than that given last week by the joint secretaries, Dr. Peter Bartley and Mr. Anthony F. Hunter; and this journal, in particular, is indebted to Mr. Hunter as Science Secretary. The joint secretaries, with their colleagues in charge of separate aspects of the meeting, displayed a genius for organization. The first meeting of such a size in New Zealand presented them with a challenge, and they met it with triumph. Now everyone has gone back to Britain, to Australia, to Canada, to Central Africa, to Eire, to India, to Malaya. They have gone back with vivid memories of a great Commonwealth occasion and with the virtue that comes from making new and true friends, who in their turn have gone back to their arduous work in the North and the South Islands of New Zealand. To them all we say, "Hail and Farewell."


The invention relates to substrate sections provided with a pressure-sensitive adhesive surface which are sealed in bags to protect against degradation of the active ingredients. The pressure-sensitive adhesive surface is covered by a carrier layer which at least partially projects further than said adhesive surface. The carrier layer is subdivided by an incision which forms a removal aid. During storage, adhesive in cold flow can escape through this incision, causing adhesion to the bag. Said substrate sections are characterised in that the carrier layer is configured as two carrier-layer sections (2, 3) which overlap in their adjoining areas (4), in order to improve storage stability by preventing the adhesive from escaping.


Remote sensing investigation shows that soil erosion area is about 4.1911 million square kilometers for twelve provinces of the west region of China. It is 86.86% of the total soil erosion area of China and 62.31% of total area of west region. It has been the crucial factor to limit the sustainable development of society and economy in the west region. Soil erosion destroys land resource, reduces soil fertility, limits grain increase production, affects water resource environment, and causes disaster and ecology environment imbalance, etc.. It is suggested that some prevention countermeasures for treating soil erosion, should been token in order to reduce harms of soil erosion to the lowest level.


This scientific article discusses thermal phenomena that occur during the cutting process, examples of measuring the temperature of the cutting process. 4 methods of measuring the cutting temperature were proposed and the most suitable method was determined. Method 1- determine the average temperature that will be in the cutter. Method 2-artificial thermocouple method. Method 3 is a method of experimentally obtaining the temperature distribution in certain areas of the cutter. Method 4 is a method of obtaining analog or experimental data using calculations. These methods were fully reviewed, advantages were compared with disadvantages, and the most optimal method was chosen. In addition, the influence of the tool on the cutting process was noted. For example, a decrease in the proportion of heat entering the tool does not mean a decrease in temperature on the contact pads of the tool and on the cutting wedge itself. On the contrary, as the cutting speed increases, the temperature increases significantly. The influence of the material on the accuracy of the cutting process was also noted. As an example, the material of 40X steel was taken. Taking into account its thermal conductivity, the temperature deformation that occurs during the cutting process was revealed. That is, the higher the thermal conductivity of the processed material, the more heat is transferred to the workpiece. In addition, this article also talked about the impact of the intensity of tool wear.


Abstract This essay proposes a revisionist historiography of Late Ottoman foreign relations and (para)diplomacy and examines previously overlooked forms, venues, geographies, and levels of Ottoman engagements with the international. The article first draws out a historical sketch of Ottoman diplomatic practices and demonstrates how the empire participated in, and influenced the ways in which the (Western, colonial) 'diplomatic system' developed throughout the long nineteenth century. It then offers a critical reading of the rich, but uneven historiography of Ottoman foreign affairs, long caught up in 'modernisationist' and 'westernisation' paradigms. We elucidate the relation of this body of scholarship to some of its precursors in older, pre-1923 strands of literature that centred on the pervasive trope of the 'Eastern question' and mystified Ottoman agency. We overturn the main teleological and Eurocentric axioms of this literature by giving voice to some of its contemporary Ottoman critics. Turning to comparative history and postcolonial critiques of IR, we juxtapose the Ottoman Empire with other often ignored 'peripheral' polities in Latin America to suggest new pathways for writing more inclusive kinds of international history that do not conform to conventional hierarchizations of the world between a European centre and its supposed global peripheries.


This study aims at finding an answer to the question: what is the opinion / perception of prospective teachers of chemistry, that are currently in the development of initial training, the difficulty of specialized content that they will teach and whose attending? will be built future skills for their students. This pedagogical approach is supported by at least two goals of modern education focus on moving information in the formative dimension of the educational process, the full development of personality centering the educational action of the contents on the training skills to ensure the functioning knowledge of students procurement.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a process for developing a metadata element set that will describe e‐government resources in digital collections. The outcome of the process is a metadata schema that reuses as many elements as possible from existing specifications and standards (termed as an e‐government metadata application profile). The use of e‐government metadata is to facilitate the electronic categorization and storage of governmental resources, as well as to enhance users' electronic interactions with the public sector.Design/methodology/approach – The paper extends an initial process presented in the context of the European Standardization Committee CEN/ISSS, proposing four steps for developing the application profile: determine the resources to be described by the metadata, identify the stakeholder groups who will use the metadata, determine the use of metadata for each stakeholder group, and specify the metadata elements corresponding to each use.Findings – The steps of the pr...


Objective To evaluate the value of color Doppler ultrasonography for diagnosing hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods Blood flow condition of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and the relationship between tumors and the portal vein were observed by color Doppler ultrasonography in 42 patients who were confirmed in the pathological examination.Results The rate of color blood flow displaying in hilar cholangiocarcinoma was 64.3 %,the diagnostic accuracy was 71.4 % in comparison with surgical and histopathologic findings.It was found that no relationship exists between tumor size and the portal vein involvement as well as the rate of blood flow displaying in the tumor.Hilar cholangiocarcinoma had to be distinguished from primary selerosing cholangitis,Mirizzi syndrome,gallbladder cancer accompanied with hilar bile duct involvement,and hepatocellular carcinoma caused bile duct embolus.Conclusions Color Doppler ultrasonography is a sensitive,convenient and non invasive method and provides important information for preoperative evaluation of resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.


Every business in Poland was affected by the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The negative impact on industries varied, this was due to the specifics of each industry, such as providing direct-to-consumer services. Pandemic restrictions caused such companies to not function and often declare bankruptcy and close down in the market. In the study, the author focused on family businesses, which have their own characteristics and 99% are micro and small businesses. What because of their low level of savings, they operate in monthly accounts, using the principle of "from 1 to 30 each month". The reason for this is the low level of savings and profit generation. As a result, this type of companies is not immune to the negative factors that determine the functioning of family businesses. The purpose of the author's study was to obtain information on what are the effects of the pandemic in companies that are among some of the most affected industries in the economy. For this purpose, the researcher conducted a study using the interview method. With the information obtained in the qualitative research, the research objective was achieved. The result of this work was the recommendations placed at the end of the publication.


Abstract At present, an innovative manganese–carbon (Mn–C) microelectrolysis material was initially put forward by our research group and has already obtained the Chinese invention patent. Moreover, this technology has been widely applied in industrial facilities for pretreating high-concentration organic wastewater across China. Synthesis and characterization of the enhanced Mn–C microelectrolysis material has been reported in this article. Effects of several experimental factors, including initial conventional method of chemical oxygen demand (CODcr) concentration, pH, and aeration strength, were assessed for gasification wastewater in the synthetic ammonia industry. Results showed that under optimal operating conditions of an initial concentration of CODcr of 1,100 mg/L, an initial pH of 3, reaction time for 2 h, and an aeration rate of 1,200 L/h, a maximal removal efficiency of CODcr of 67.3% was achieved. In addition, constant removal efficiency nearly up to 85% CODcr could be obtained by adding 0.5 ...


Collimator performance is critical to the successful operation of any collider. Building on previous GdfidL simulations of collimator jaws, this paper describes simulations where STL files of the complete assembly are investigated and wakefield performance is determined and optimised.


The ultrastructures for petals for two cultivars (Samantha and Diplomat) of cut rose flowers ( Rosa hybrida ) were comparatively observed by SEM. The upper surfaces of petals both for Samantha and Diplomat were protuberated and the protuberances were composed of projected ridges while the undersur-faces were composed of irregular projected ridges and cavities. Significant differences were observed in the structure of both upper surfaces and undersurfaces between the two cultivars. The dynamic change in petal ultrastructure of vase cut flowers was also observed.


This article examines the effect of Aid for Trade (AfT) flows on services export diversification in recipient-countries. The empirical analysis has relied on a sample of 100 recipient-countries (of which 31 Least developed countries – LDCs) over the period 2002-2014 and used the two-step system Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) approach. It shows that total AfT flows always exert a positive effect on services export diversification over the full sample, with the magnitude of this positive effect being higher for less advanced countries such as LDCs than for relatively advanced economies. This finding also applies to the effect of the cumulated AfT flows on services export diversification. However, we find that the components of total AfT flows - namely AfT for services sectors and AfT for non-services sectors - exert a higher positive effect on services diversification in less advanced countries, notably LDCs than in relatively advanced countries. Specifically, for countries whose real per capita income exceed a certain level, these two types of capital inflows are associated with greater services export concentration. These findings have important policy implications for developing countries and notably the poorest countries among them.


This paper proposes an automated system for recognizing plant species based on leaf images. Plant leaf images of three plant types are analyzed using Gabor Filter by varying the filter parameters. Leaf images are convolved with Gabor filters followed by a separation of the real and imaginary portions of the signal. Absolute difference between the real and imaginary signals form the scalar feature value used for discrimination. Associated parameters like filter size, standard deviation, phase shift and orientation are varied to investigate which combination provides the best recognition accuracies. Classification is done by subtracting the test samples from the mean of the training set. The data set consists of 120 images divided into 3 classes. Accuracy obtained is comparable to the best results reported in literature. General Terms Pattern Recognition, Texture, Shape


To study the change of cellular immune function in pathological classification and different TNM in patients with lung cancer.Methods T lymphocyte subsets were detected by Biotin-Streptavidin-Peroxidase,and NK activity was detected by Streptavidin-HRP/AP in serum in 106 patients with lung cancer.46 healthy persons were chosen as control.Results The cellular immune function of lung cancer patients was markedly impaired and NK activity,CD 3+,and CD 4+ were all remarkably decreased,while CD 8+ increased,thus ratio of CD 4+/CD 8+ decreased accordingly (P0.01).NK activity in undifferent carcinoma was lower than in squamous cell carcinoma,but CD 8+was higher than in squamous cell carcinoma (P0.05).CD 3+,CD 4+,CD 8+,and CD 4+/CD 8+ ratio of III?IV staged lung cancer patients were significantly lower than those of I?II staged.Conclusion The results reveal that the cellular immune function in patients with lung cancer was disorder remarkably.Detection of T lymphocyte subsets and NK activity may be useful in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of lung camcer


Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate the long-term near-transfer effects of computerized working memory (WM) training on standard WM tasks in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Method Sixty-seven children aged 10–12 years in Vestfold/Telemark counties (Norway) diagnosed with F90.0 Hyperkinetic disorder (ICD-10) were randomly assigned to training or control group. The training group participated in a 25-day training program at school, while the control group received treatment-as-usual. Participants were tested one week before intervention, immediately after and eight months later. Based on a component analysis, six measures of WM were grouped into composites representing Visual, Auditory and Manipulation WM. Results The training group had significant long-term differential gains compared to the control group on all outcome measures. Performance gains for the training group were significantly higher in the visual domain than in the auditory domain. The differential gain in Manipulation WM persisted after controlling for an increase in simple storage capacity. Conclusion Systematic training resulted in a long-term positive gain in performance on similar tasks, indicating the viability of training interventions for children with ADHD. The results provide evidence for both domain-general and domain-specific models. Far-transfer effects were not investigated in this article. Trial Registration: Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN19133620


Jean-Pierre Bemba is on trial before the International Criminal Court (ICC) based on the legal theory of command responsibility for crimes allegedly committed by Congolese soldiers deployed in the Central African Republic (CAR) at the request of the country's President Ange-Felix Patasse during the 2002–2003 conflict. Various ICC actors, including prosecutors, judges, witnesses, defense lawyers and victim representatives, have uncritically adopted the term 'Banyamulenge,' ordinarily an ethnonym for an eastern Congolese community, to refer to the purported perpetrators of these crimes. This article digs into the origins of the collective labeling of Bemba's combatants in the CAR. It also examines the possible impact that negative narratives associated with Banyamulenge in the Bemba case may have on the already explosive identity politics in (eastern) Democratic Republic of Congo.


Wet-chemical analyses (41) of tourmaline from granitic
pegmatites (barren, barren-pocket, beryl, lepidolite types) in
the Moldanubicum, Czech Republic revealed that members of the
oxy-subgroup ĄV common oxy-schorl, minor oxy-dravite and rare
oxy-foitite are more abundant relative to the relevant members
of the hydroxy-subgroup. The primary substitution mechanisms in
tourmaline show combination of heterovalent substitutions:
YAlWO YR2+-1W(OH)-1, XďYAl2WO XNa-1YR2+-2W(OH)-1, XďYAl
XNa-1YR2+-1 and Xď W(OH) XNa-1WO-1, and homovalent
substitutions: Fe2+Mg-1 and (OH)F-1. Tourmalines with the
chemistry expressed by the general formula
X(Na0.5ď0.5)Y(R2+2Al)ZAl6(BO3)3Si6O18V(OH)3W(O0.5OH0.5)
crystallized in very similar PT conditions in granitic systems
saturated on Na, Al, Si and H2O, it indicates the importance of
short-range order requirements on tourmaline chemical
composition. Abundance of heterovalent substitutions involving
the W-site requires determination of light elements (H, B, F,
Li) and Fe2+/Fe3+ in tourmalines to specify substitution
mechanisms with certainty. Normalization of electron-microprobe
data of (Fe,Mg)-rich, (Ca,Li,F)-poor tourmalines from granitic
pegmatites on (OH,F)3.5O0.5, which is more probable than
(OH,F)4, seems to be suitable.


The problem of physical separation of solids from liquids in very dilute concentrations by hydrocyclone concentration is considered in two parts. First, the effect of feed concentration, volume split, feed flowrate, cone angle, inlet diameter and vortex finder length on separation efficiency and energy loss are investigated. The relationship between the separation efficiency; and the energy loss is also studied.

Secondly, the effect of three different designs of body shape on the separation efficiency and energy loss is investigated.

In this study statistical concepts are used extensively in the design of experiments and the analysis of experimental results.

On etudie en deux parties, le probleme de la separation physique de matieres solides de liquides tres dilues, au moyen de la concentration d'un cyclone hydraulique. On examine d'abord l'effet, sur l'efficacite de la separation et la perte d'energie, de la concentration et du debit de l'alimentation, la separation du volume, l'angle du cone, le diametre de l'orifice d'entree et la longueur du viseur pour le tourbillon. On etudie egalement le rapport entre l'efficacite de la separation et la perte d'energie.

On etudie dans la seconde partie, l'effet que produisent trois conceptions differentes de la forme des massifs sur l'efficacite de la separation et la perte d'energie.

On emploie sur une grande echelle, dans la recherche precitee, des concepts statistiques pour mettre au point les experiences et analyser Ies resultats qu'on en obtient.


With the intention to better understand the biological mechanism of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and antidepressants, we looked at the effects of stress and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on a measure of astrocyte reactivity in nonhuman primate (NHP) models of stress. We focused on hippocampal astrocytes because they regulate both neural activity and neurogenesis and have been characterized as a crucial cell type in regulating inflammation in response to stress. During stress, astrocytes become reactive and lose the ability to support neuronal function. In addition, reactive astrocytes can increase inflammatory signals and contribute to behavioral deficits associated with stress. For this project, we hypothesized that stress would lead to astrocyte reactivity in the NHP hippocampus, and that SSRI treatment would be associated with decreased astrocyte reactivity. We also hypothesized that astrocyte reactivity would be positively correlated with anhedonia-like behaviors and reduced neurogenesis in the hippocampus. In this study we show that chronic separation stress in NHPs leads to increased signs of astrogliosis in the NHP hippocampus. Furthermore, we show that measures of increased astrogliosis inversely correlate with adult hippocampal neurogenesis in NHPs, as well as with higher anhedonia scores. Overall, our findings were consistent with our initial hypotheses that hippocampal astrogliosis is an important mechanism in stress-induced cognitive and behavioral deficits. By observing the association between adult separation stress, SSRI treatments, and astrocyte reactivity in the NHP hippocampus, we aimed to provide insight into the non-neuronal cellular changes that occur in the NHP hippocampus during stress and antidepressant treatment.


After a brief introduction on the scientific objectives of the LARES/WEBER-SAT satellite we present the recent measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect using the nodes of the LAGEOS and LAGEOS 2 satellites and using the Earth gravity model EIGENGRACE02S obtained by the GRACE space mission, we also include some determination of the rate of change of the lowest order Earth's even zonal harmonics. Finally, we describe an interesting possibility of testing the Brane-World unified theory of fundamental interactions by the use of a specially designed LARES/WEBER-SAT satellite.


The fabrication of a freestanding three-dimensional (3D) graphene nano-ribbon open cell foam electrode is reported based upon a facile high temperature (1700 °C) low vacuum (50 Torr) process. The graphene nano-ribbon (GNR) foam comprises on average 4 graphene layers and has an O/C ratio of 0.14; a quasi-graphene structure. This unique material is demonstrated to be electrochemically useful, with the electrochemical properties and resultant electroanalytical performance of the novel freestanding 3D GNR foam electrode reported for the first time. Electrochemical characterisation is performed via cyclic voltammetry in aqueous solutions using a range of electro-active redox probes and biologically relevant analytes, namely potassium ferrocyanide(II), hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride, uric acid (UA), acetaminophen (AP) and dopamine hydrochloride (DA). Analytical performance is evaluated and benchmarked through comparisons of the 3D GNR foam to other carbon based 3D foam electrodes, namely pristine graphene and reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) alternatives. We show that the 3D GNR foam electrode possesses favourable heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) properties when compared to the alternative carbon based 3D foams, likely due to improved coverage of reactive edge plane like-sites/defects on its structure. In terms of the electroanalytical response of the 3D GNR foam electrode, it is found to give rise to an improved linear range and limit of detection towards some analytes; however, in certain cases the alternative carbon based 3D foams out-performed the GNR foam. These findings question the need of 'only' fast HET properties and suggest a compromise is required (for improved sensing capabilities to be realised) between HET speeds, the presence/absence of oxygenated species and the accessibility of the electrode's active surface area. This work offers insight to those working in the field of electrochemistry, particularly electroanalysis and those searching for new carbon based 3D foam electrode materials.


The temperature-dependent characteristics of fluorescence of transient-metal doped and/or rare-earth-doped YAG has made these materials the focus of fluorescence thermometer. This article reports growth and fluorescence characteristics of Cr3+: YAG crystal fiber used for thermometer based on fluorescence decay time. Using a long pure YAG crystal fiber as the seed and a 0.1 at. % Cr2O3-doped Y3Al5O12 sintered powder rod as the source rod, a YAG fiber thermal probe with Cr3+-ions doped end was grown by laser heated pedestal growth method. The crystal fiber shows good optical properties and mechanical strength and offers advantages of compact construct, high performance and ability to withstand high temperature. The fluorescence decay characteristics of the crystal fiber, including the temperature dependence of both fluorescence decay time and intensity, were comprehensively investigated. The experimental results indicated the Cr3+:YAG crystal fiber showed a monotonic relationship between the fluorescence lifetime and temperature over a wide temperature range from cryogenic to high temperature(>500°C). The fiber was found to be an excellent candidate material to be used as a fiber thermometer based on fluorescence lifetime. This thermometer may be used as temperature monitor in microwave treatment and Medium Voltage substations.


One approach to decreasing the size and weight of a helmet-mounted display while maintaining a wide-field-of-view and adequate image resolution is to use a partial binocular-overlap configuration. With a partial binocular-overlap helmet-mounted display the user would see a central binocular image flanked by two monocular images. Properly implemented, the user should not be aware of the partial-overlap condition, but would benefit from the reduced weight, decreased size, and extended field-of-view. However, the successful implementation of a partial-overlap design requires understanding of and solutions for several complex problems.


Rapid prototyping (RP) technologies, which are based on computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing, are widely employed in traditional industries. They are capable of achieving extensive and detailed control over the architecture of objects to be formed and therefore are increasingly used in the biomedical engineering field. Selective laser sintering (SLS), a versatile RP technique, uses a laser beam to selectively sinter powdered materials to form three-dimensional objects according to designs that can be based on data obtained from computer-based medical imaging technologies. In this article relating to biomedical applications, the principle, materials, machine modification, and parameter optimization for SLS are reviewed. Biomedical applications of SLS, especially in the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds and drug/biomolecule delivery vehicles, are presented and discussed. SLS exhibits great potential for many applications in biomedical engineering.


Today, functional disorders of the digestive system remain an actual problem of practical pediatrics and a common reason for parents to see doctors. Population survey suggest that during the first year of life, about half of the children have at least one of the symptoms of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and often a combination of several symptoms. Goal  of research: to evaluate the clinical efficiency of antireflux blends in children with the syndrome of regurgitation. Materials and methods.  The 42 children aged 1 to 12 months were examined. Also during the children's clinical research was assessed a physical and mental development, neurological status. To exclude organic lesions of the digestive system, called pyloric stenosis, was used a modern ultrasound examination of the stomach. The main group consisted of 20 children who received anti-reflux milk formula, which has a polysaccharide — gum as a thickener. The comparison group consisted of 22 children who received a polysaccharide — starch as a thickener. Results.  In children who received anti-reflux therapeutic mixtures, with the content of two types of thickeners: gums and modified starch were identified changes in the intensity and frequency of regurgitation. Research experience has shown that the antireflux effect of the mixture, which contains gum as a thickener, occurs faster and has the most pronounced effect. Conclusions.  Correction of regurgitation syndrome in children should be complex and divided into several successive stages: explanatory work with the purpose of psychological support of parents, the use of progressive therapy when feeding the child, the normalization of the feeding schedule and the implementation of adequate diet therapy. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee (LEC) of a participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.


The e ffi ciency of the tight selection criteria used in the 2011 dataset by the ATLAS experiment to identify photons is measured using 4.9 fb − 1 of pp collision data. Three independent data-driven methods are used to estimate the identification e ffi ciency in di ff erent regions of pseudorapidity η and as a function of the photon transverse momentum E T in the 15 − 300 GeV range. The three measurements give consistent results, and are combined in the overlapping E T regions into a single data-driven e ffi ciency map. The comparison of this data-driven e ffi ciency map with that predicted by the ATLAS simulation shows significant disagreements in some η and E T regions, where the simulation systematically predicts higher photon identification e ffi ciency values. A simple data-driven correction procedure, implemented by slightly shifting the simulated electromagnetic shower shapes, restores the agreement with the data-driven values within ± 5%.


Extracted from text ... Reducing fatalities is often harder than reducing other loss
incidents, as most companies worldwide have recognised.
Eliminating the potential for further fatal incidents from the
workplace should be measurable and this measurement function
should be the priority of any manager and risk official.
It is commonly known that managing safety through procedures
is only partially effective and depends heavily on the safety
culture in the organisation. Rules are made in partnership, but
more often than not, people do not follow them. Reducing the
potential for fatal incidents therefore requires a set of fatality
prevention standards and serious consideration of ..


Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT) is a manualized treatment commonly used in correctional settings to address perceived moral failing and associated problematic behaviors (e.g., substance use and criminal conduct). Many social work students are introduced to MRT as a treatment modality during field placements in correctional contexts. As a group modality that draws from cognitive-behavioral interventions and 12-step recovery programs, MRT has been touted as a cost-effective and evidence-based intervention. However, there are substantial reasons to question MRT's appropriateness as an intervention taught to social work practicum students. Using several of the CSWE EPAS standards as guideposts, this paper addresses several key areas of concern with regard to the role of MRT in the training of social work students. Through our analysis of MRT's curriculum, we identify areas of concern with regard to MRT's ability to teach social work students how to ethically practice, engage diversity and difference in practice, or utilize research to inform practice. Despite the widespread use of MRT in correctional counseling contexts, we conclude that MRT is unsuitable for use in accredited social work field placements. Educators and accreditation agencies should critically evaluate the treatment models social work students learn and practice in field placements.


The clay–microbial consortium is ubiquitous in the soil near the mining area and plays an important role in the transport of heavy metals. In this study, Chlorella sorokiniana FK was separated from lead–zinc mine tailings. The montmorillonite–Chlorella sorokiniana FK system as a typical case was applied to study Pb(II) biomineralization in the presence of usually co-existent Ca(II) and further reduce the migration and transformation of Pb(II) in the Ca(II) environment. Chlorella sorokiniana FK showed good resistance to Pb(II), and the addition of montmorillonite provided a more stable pH environment, which is conducive to the stability of Pb(II)-bearing bio-minerals. Montmorillonite created a low-biotoxicity environment in the overall process, especially less Pb(II) bio-adsorption capacity of individual Chlorella to protect the process of mineralization effectively. Batch experiment results also demonstrated that montmorillonite as the formation site of bio-minerals results in dispersed minerals on the surface of Chlorella and Chlorella–MMT composite, which is beneficial to the survival of Chlorella. Moreover, Pb(II)-bearing phosphate minerals tended to form in the Ca(II) environment rather than without Ca(II). This study demonstrated the mechanism of Pb(II) immobilization induced by Chlorella in the Ca(II) environment, further presenting a green, sustainable, and effective strategy for Pb(II) bio-immobilization combining clay minerals and microorganisms. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


and other markers of allergy. The results obtained substantiate the advisability of the eosinophilic neurotoxin test as a non-invasive method in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal food allergy


We present an end-to-end measurement method for the detection of traffic shaping. Traffic shaping is typically implemented using token buckets, allowing a maximum burst of traffic to be serviced at the peak capacity of the link, while any remaining traffic is serviced at a lower shaping rate. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we develop an active end-to-end detection mechanism, referred to as ShaperProbe, that can infer whether a particular path is subject to traffic shaping, and in that case, estimate the shaper characteristics. Second, we analyze results from a large-scale deployment of ShaperProbe on M-Lab over the last 24 months, detecting traffic shaping in several major ISPs. Our deployment has received more than one million runs so far from 5,700 ISPs.


In this paper,  we introduce a modified Halpern algorithm  to approximate a common fixed points of quasi-nonexpansive and firmly nonexpansive mappings in real Hilbert spaces. We start by showing that  $Fix(T_1) \intersection Fix(T_2)= Fix( T_1oT_2)$ without commuting assumption and etablish strong converge theorems for the proposed iterative process. Our convergence theorems extend and improve some known corresponding results in the contemporary  literature  for a wider class of nonexpansive type-mappings in HIlbert spaces. Finally, applications of our theorems to equilibrium problems and inclusion problems are given.


Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are herpesviruses associated with human malignancies. As exosomes can shuttle many herpesvirus‐associated biomolecules from host cells to recipient cells, the exosomal pathway is utilized by herpesviruses to achieve extensive infections and even oncogenesis. In this review, we discuss the oncogenic biomolecules present in exosomes derived from KSHV‐ and EBV‐infected cells. Moreover, oncogenesis via exosomal biomolecules mainly occurs through three processes, including regulation of downstream signals, promotion of immune dysfunction and transformation of cells. Also, the exosomes may provide diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets specific for KSHV‐ and EBV‐associated malignancies.


The use of Consol at long ranges in ships is hampered by the lack of facilities for accurate plotting. Of necessity ocean charts (scale 1:1,000,000 to 1:12,000,000) are used; and on these it is not practicable to plot running fixes, lay off position lines from celestial observations or to compare a succession of cross bearings with any degree of accuracy. When Consol bearings can be plotted on a large scale chart and used in conjunction with other position lines, such as Marcq. St. Hilaire, lines of soundings, m.f./d.f., &c, they are of assistance in defining an observed position; this is especially so in conditions of poor visibility, such as prevail in the approaches to the British Isles and in the North Atlantic.


Starting with a manifold $M$ and a semi-free action of $S^3$ on it, we have the Smith-Gysin sequence: $$ \cdots \to H^{*}( M) \to H^{*-3}(M/S^3, M^{S^3}) \oplus H^{*} (M^{S^3}) \to H^{*+1}(M/S^3, M^{S^3}) \to H^{*+1}(M) \to \cdots $$ In this paper, we construct a Smith-Gysin sequence that does not require the semi-free condition. This sequence includes a new term, referred to as the"exotic term,"which depends on the subset $M^{S^1}$: $$ \cdots \to H^{*}(M) \to H^{*-3} (M/S^3, \Sigma/S^3) \oplus H^{*}(M^{S^3}) \oplus \left( H^{*-2}(M^{S^1})\right)^{-\mathbb{Z}_2} \to H^{*+1}(M/S^3,M^{S^3}) \to H^{*+1}(M) \to \cdots $$ Here, $\Sigma \subset M$ is the subset of points in $M$ whose isotropy groups are infinite. The group $\mathbb{Z}_2$ acts on $M^{S^1}$ by $j \in S^3$.


Effect of three levels of gypsum (5, 10 and 20 t/ha corresponding to 25, 50 and 100% of gypsum requirement) with and without farmyard manure (FYM) and sandust on soil properties and crop yield in a highly saline-sodic soil (alluvial origin) of semi-arid tract was studied in a field experiment. Gypsum application followed by leaching markedly reduced the soluble salt content, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), pH and water-soluble boron and increased the hydraulic conductivity of soil. Increasing dose of gypsum (from 5 to 20 t/ha) brought about progressive improvement in hydraulic conductivity and decrease in ESP, pH and boron content. Addition of gypsum either with FYM or sawdust was not of much advantage over gypsum alone. Gypsum @ 20 t/ha (100% GR) and leaching during two successive monsoon seasons with the raising of two crops (barley and rice) although reduced salt content and boron to nearly normal level up to 92 cm depth, pH, ESP and hydraulic conductivity were affected in the top 23 cm layer only.


Arthur Miller, one of the renowned playwrights of America, is famous for his fantastic playwriting technique. He is the one playwright who projected middle-class America with its flaws and merits. He always believed in theater as the mirror of society and is known for successfully experimenting with expressionism on the American stage. Eventually, Death of a Salesman was translated into many languages in the world and staged in different countries. The dramatic technique became so popular that many playwrights were inspired. Mahesh Dattani is one such popular Indian English playwright who uses expressionism successfully on the Indian stage. Dattani is a committed theater practitioner from Bengaluru, a south Indian city. He runs his theater group known as Playpen and stages almost all his plays himself before he allows others to do them. His interest in middle-class Indians is evident in his writings. The present paper closely studies the use of expressionism by both these playwrights situated on either side of the globe. Though they are writing about different societies, their intention seems to be the same -to show the inner personality of a person or a society. It could be the person in the society or the society itself in which a set of characters live. Miller makes use of expressionism to reveal the psyche of Willy Loman, and thus, brings to our notice the great American dream with an average American caught in it. Dattani picturizes the underbelly of middle-class Indian society, its psyche, and various issues concerned with it. The present paper also examines these two playwrights' usage of the theatrical technique closely.


Bin-packing problem is widely applied in the modern society. A Hybrid Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm, which is combined with CF and Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm, is proposed in this paper to solve the Bin-packing problem. Experiment results compared with GA shows that the Hybrid Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm has a good performance with broad and prosperous application.


For many critics, Charles Dickens's use of the sea produces problematic effects, as solid features of his nautical scenes continually dissolve into literary cliché. By contrast, this chapter suggests that it is the mobile doubleness of the literary sea—at once unique and commonplace, credible and implausible—that appeals to Dickens. The discussion focuses on Dombey and Son and the Uncommercial Traveller essay 'The Shipwreck', tracing clichéd marine associations (including the sea as divine), figures (the midshipman), and set-pieces (the shipwreck). By involving the sea in his prose, Dickens often finds a means by which both his characters and the individuals he encounters as a journalist can be made to coexist in his imagination with their ideal or literary doubles.


CONTROL ID: 452674 PRESENTATION TYPE: Oral CATEGORY: Soft magnetic materials & applications PRESENTER: Mi-Young Im TITLE: Direct Observation of Barkhausen Avalanches during Nucleation-Mediated Magnetization Reversal on a nanoscale Shin, Sung-Chul a AUTHORS (LAST NAME, FIRST NAME): Im, Mi-Young s ; Fischer, Peter s ; Kim, Dong-Hyun 2 ; INSTITUTIONS (ALL): 1. CXRO, LBNL, Berkeley, CA, USA. 2. Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea. 3. Department of Physics and Center for Nanospinics of Spintronic Materials, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea. Digest Body: Since the first discovery of Barkhausen avalanches magnetization reversal phenomena are considered as prototype examples of complex dynamical systems exhibiting non-trivial fluctuations which can be described by well defined scaling behavior [1]. Barkhausen avalanches occur in the magnetization reversal process as discrete and sudden magnetization changes under an external magnetic field. Of fundamental interest are fluctuating quantities such as Barkhausen jump size and duration showing a power-law scaling behavior. Most studies reported so far have been mainly performed by theoretical predictions and indirect probes through a classical inductive technique. Recently, substantial progress was enabled by direct observations of the phenomenon using magnetic microscopies [2]. However, they have been carried out on the micrometer scale and concentrated mainly on the Barkhausen avalanches process during the flexible magnetic domain wall motion. We investigated the Barkhausen avalanches process under nucleation-mediated magnetization reversal at the nanometer scale utilizing high resolution soft X-ray microscopy at beamline 6.1.2 at the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley CA, which provides a spatial resolution down to 15 nm [3]. Nanogranular CoCrPt alloy thin films which are promising candidates for high-density perpendicular magnetic recording media, were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering at ambient temperature. The magnetic domain configurations were recorded at the Co L3 absorption edge (777eV) with varying applied magnetic fields in full hysteresis cycles. Typical domain configurations taken at applied magnetic fields of +400, +200, 0 Oe in the major hysteresis loop are shown in Fig. 1(a). As demonstrated in the figure the magnetization reversal of the CoCrPt sample is governed by the magnetic domain nucleation process. TEM studies indicate that the nucleation-mediated process of magnetization reversal observed in this system is due to switching of individual grains segregated by higher Cr concentration at grain boundaries. Fig. 1 (b) shows the Barkhausen jump distribution in two-dimensional space, where green and red structures represent the Barkhausen avalanches observed at applied magnetic field of +200 and 0 Oe, respectively. One clearly notes that Barkhausen avalanches vividly illustrate the randomness of size, shape, and location. The random behavior in the locations of the Barkahusen avalanches implies that the numerous pinning sites due to the Cr compositional segregation in this system are randomly distributed and strongly localized. The statistical nature of Barkhausen avalanches was studied by repetitive measurement for magnetic domain configurations at each applied magnetic field of +400, +200, 0 Oe. Through


This paper investigates tracking of multiple unknown objects in a video stream. Objects for tracking are added to the tracking list dynamically with the video going on. The task is to track all the moving objects in the video and obtain the trajectory of each object. In this paper, we propose a novel tracking strategy which can effectively locate a new moving object in the scene and its trajectory. Our strategy combines foreground extraction and optical flow points tracker. We extract the foreground using an improved Gaussian mixture model which can filter out the background. In order to determine the position of an object in latest frame, we calculate the displacement of objects' feature points in previous frame using pyramidal Lucas-Kanade tracker. The reliability of the tracker can be degraded by a variety of factors, including illumination change, poor image contrast, occlusion of feature. To track the object more accurately, we implement a forward-backward error filter to evaluate the quality of results. Besides the already existing objects, our method also can detect new intruding object and add it into the track list, we implement a foreground search procedure to realize it. We develop an improved mix background model which can extract the video stream foreground real-time for moving objects detection. At the end of this paper, we illustrate the efficacy of our method by showing the performance of an example tracking system with this strategy.


Because of their potential application on short wavelength laser,RE3+ ions doped up-conversion luminescence materials have been widely concerned.This paper summarized several common up-conversion luminescence mechanisms on the rare earth ions,analysised up-conversion luminescence of the Tm3+ ions under the different pumping wavelengths and the dependence of up-conversion efficiency on laser pulse duration,sensitization and matrix element,reviewed the current research status on Tm3+ doped up-conversion luminescence materials.Furthermore,the researches and applications in future on Tm3+doped up-conversion materials were prospected.


Community-oriented policing is an integral part of work at grass-root police stations. Therefore, it is significant and hard for public security...


Neel temperature in good agreement with the experimental measurements using the generalised gradient approximation. However, we could not reproduce experimental results for ferromagnetic cubic SrCoO3 . We could obtain much better agreement with experiment introducing randomly distributed oxygen vacancies modelling experimental nearly stochiometric SrCoO3 samples using a coherent-potential approximation. We found that the double exchange interaction between Co atoms via the oxygen atoms is responsible for ferromagnetism in these materials. The strength of the Co-O-Co bonds, which determines mainly the exchange interaction in these systems, depends on the localisation of Co 3d electrons and the number of O vacancies.


ABSTRACT This personal essay explores Leland Roloff's influence on the author, who was an undergraduate advisee near the end of Roloff's teaching career. For a student intent on becoming both an academic and a writer, Roloff modeled conscious address to these sometimes divergent projects. His teaching methods called on students to exercise both intellectual and artistic skills, and to reflect in their work on the conjunction and disjunction of those spheres. The essay explores three sites of influence: (1) Roloff's Archetypal and Psychological Approaches to Literature, in which his presentation of the Greek god Hephaistos had a deep and enduring impact on the author's personal insight, academic work, and literary-performative work; (2) the significance of Roloff's guidance through Goethe's Faust as a meditation on teachers, students, and academic inquiry; and (3) the author's encounter with Roloff's own articulation of himself as a teacher through the papers held in the Northwestern University Archive. In every area, the essay draws on primary source material, including the author's student course notes and personal journal, written responses from Roloff on academic work and in later correspondence, and material from the Leland Roloff Papers. The essay reflects on the nature of these textual sources, their embodied presence, and the performativity of their interleaving. Finally, the essay closes on the author's first and most enduring impression of Leland Roloff: his treatment of students as artists, not student-artists or aspirants, but as already-responsible artists.


Micro-structural investigation of polyurethanes (PUs) with different chain structure has been reported. Polarized optical microscopic studies of aliphatic polyurethanes demonstrate the development of micro clusters with increasing hard segment content (HSC) and crystallization. DSC and XRD results support the crystalline and amorphous nature of aliphatic and aromatic PUs, respectively. Self-assembled biphasic morphology is discernible in aliphatic polyurethane while nanometer size domains are observed in aromatic PUs. The dimension of micro-domain has been measured by using AFM and established its size as independent of hard segment content. The self-assembly is greater for higher HSC aliphatic PUs leading to the formation of bigger domain while the meager hydrogen bond formation restricts the domain size of aromatic polyurethanes. Segmented morphology of surface as well as in bulk of aliphatic polyurethanes is evident from SEM and TEM images and grows with increasing HSC. In contrast, homogeneous and amorphous nature has been observed for aromatic PUs. In situ segregation of phases in aliphatic PUs have been captured through light transmittance and optical images which is categorically absent in aromatic polyurethane. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011


Objective To evaluate the effect of dental health instruction on dental anxiety of patients undergoing dental implantation.Methods A total of 60 patients needing implantation were randomly selected as the trial and control group,with 30 patients in each group.The modified dental anxiety scale was used to evaluate the dental anxiety degree of all patients at 30 min and 2 min before operation.The dental health instruction was given to the trial group between two evaluations.Results The anxiety degree of trial group at 2 min before operation was significantly lower than that of trial group at 30 min before operation(P0.05) and that of control group at 2 min before operation(P0.01).There was no significant difference between control group and trial group at 30 min before operation(P0.05).The anxiety index and pain index of trial group after operation were significantly lower than that of control group(P0.05).Conclusion The dental health instruction was effective to release dental anxiety and pain of patients undergoing implantation.


Lightning surge protection in low voltage power supply system plays more and more prominent security role.Especially in lightning prone areas,due to lightning's role directly affects the power distribution equipments and electrical equipments for the safe operation and operator safety.The lightning surge protection in low voltage power supply system is applied in Guizhou Yonggui Machine's and Electromotor's Manufacture and Repair Co.,Ltd.The safe operation of the company's equipments and operator safety are ensured.The labor productivity and economic benefits are improved.


Aims:  The aim of the study was to characterize the clinical course of post‐varicella idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and to asses the risk of acquiring ITP after varicella infection.


We study the sensitivity reach of $0.5-2$ TeV $e^+ e^-$ linear colliders in the context of the ADD model, in which gravity becomes strong at TeV scale. We include the real emission channel $e^+ e^- \to \gamma G$, as well as the virtual-graviton-exchange channels $e^+ e^- \to \gamma \gamma, q\bar q, \mu^+\mu^-, \tau^+ \tau^-, e^+ e^-$. Assuming no excess of events over the standard model predictions, we obtain the lower 95% C.L. limits on the effective Planck scale. These limits are better than those obtained in the Run II's of the Tevatron and comparable to those of the LHC.


The paper presents the design and the performance of a pulsed magnetic field system for quasi-optical polarization THz (100 - 1000 GHz) spectroscopy capable to obtain 50 T at room temperature in Voigt and Faraday geometries, using backward wave oscillators as radiation sources. The developed facility is compact and relatively cheap. This allows one to realize the spectroscopy in magnetic fields up to 50 T in scientific communities with restricted financial and personnel opportunities.


The presence of gravity generalizes the notion of scale invariance to Weyl invariance, namely, invariance under local rescalings of the metric. In this work, we have computed the Weyl anomaly for various classically scale or Weyl invariant theories, making particular emphasis on the differences that arise when gravity is taken as a dynamical fluctuation instead of as a non-dynamical background field. We find that the value of the anomaly for the Weyl invariant coupling of scalar fields to gravity is sensitive to the dynamical character of the gravitational field, even when computed in constant curvature backgrounds. We also discuss to what extent those effects are potentially observable.


1910 n engl j med 350;18 www.nejm.org april 29, 2004 1999, nearly a third of all recognized pregnancies ended in abortion, either induced or spontaneous, yet only 4 percent of all maternal deaths during that time were associated with any type of abortion.3 Dr. Marchetti asks why dilatation and evacuation is not used to evacuate the uterus in the case of fetal death. In fact, the procedure is routinely used for that purpose. She also points out that the difference between the death of a fetus in utero, out of sight, and in full view during a destructive procedure is the degree to which the event offends our sensibilities. We agree. Michael F. Greene, M.D. Jeffrey L. Ecker, M.D.


The invention discloses a method for preparing fish liver soup. The method comprises the following steps: (1) removing fishy smell of fish liver; (2) preparing red bean paste; (3) preparing fish liver soup, namely mixing and cooking fish liver paste, pectin, agar, cane sugar, malt syrup, red bean paste and black sesame. According to the method, fish liver is selected, washed, soaked at a low temperature to remove fishy smell, precooked and ground into paste, is matched with hand-made red bean paste, and is saccharified and cooked together with cane sugar and malt syrup to remove the fishy smell to prepare the fish liver soup. The fish liver soup is transparent and red-moistened, taste smooth and fine, has sweet flavor without fishy smell, is rich in nutrition, and can be used as leisure food for supplying vitamin A, vitamin D and trace minerals for adolescents, middle aged and elderly people. The method is a novel means for deep processing and fine eating of fish liver, and has an important meaning for value-added processing of leftovers of aquatic products.


Abstract : Sonic fatigue is being considered as one of the major design parameters for the new generation of high-speed flight vehicles. Efficient and accurate analysis methods for predicting nonlinear random response and estimating fatigue life of surface panels are urgently needed. A brief review of the various analysis methods for nonlinear random vibrations of aircraft surface panels is given. An efficient element finite modal formulation is presented for the prediction of panel response at high sound pressure levels and elevated temperatures. Band-limited Gaussian white noise is generated as input excitation.. Numerical results were compared with linear analytical and Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation solutions for validation of the present method. Number of modes, mesh size, and integration time steps for accurate and converged response predictions were also presented. Examples are given for a simply supposed isotropic and a clamped composite panel at various combinations of sound pressure level and temperature. Numerical results include time-histories, root mean square values of maximum deflection and strain, probability distribution functions, power spectrum densities (PSD), and higher statistical moments of maximum deflection and strain. The PSD can be used for fatigue life estimation.


This study describes the in‐vitro interaction of the gastrokinetic agent 2[1‐(4‐piperonyl)piperazinyl]benzothiazole (VB20B7) with the 5‐hydroxytryptamine 5‐HT3 and 5‐HT4 receptor subtypes, using functional as well as radioligand binding studies. The benzamide derivative cisapride was used as a comparison.


In spite of the fact that at present exists quite a few operative methodses, directed on reconstruction of insolvency lieocecal valve, united opinion, for functions given division of the bowels no. The aim of our study was to examine the biomechanics of the closer abilities of ileocecal valve, according to deep study of the anatomical forming the area ileocecal junction. In the course of studies was installed that in rate deskside ileocecal junction, external ligaments, pleats of the wall of the caecum, original musclearchitectonic, as well as geometry of the lips Bauhin's dampers, play the important role in mechanism of the closing ileocecal valve.


Mentha piperta L. var peppermint oil is one of the most important essential oil products in the world due to its application in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.

The present study was aimed to examine the biological activities including antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of oil extracted from peppermint leaves using a solvent extraction method.

The oil extraction was done in Soxhlet apparatus using hexane as a solvent. The antimicrobial experiment was conducted as three factor experiment involving one source extract; hexane as a solvent; four test pathogens in a completely randomized in three replications.

The results of physicochemical properties of peppermint oil indicated that oil yield (41.15%), specific gravity (0.90), acid value (1.54mg/g), free fatty acid (0.78%), and peroxide value (3.70). The antioxidant activities were assessed based on ascorbic acid content, DPPH, and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activities. The M. piperita leaf oil was recorded ascorbic acid content (45.56%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH (9.50%), and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activity (78.30%). The mean zone of inhibition against bacterial pathogens ranged from 11.80±0.42 mm to 16.75±0.35mm, while 14.65±0.50to 16.75±0.28mm against fungal pathogens. The oil extract has exhibited the strongest bactericidal activity with MIC (0.03µl/ml) and the corresponding MBC (0.06 µl/ml) against S. aureus. For antifungal activity. C albicans was the most susceptible to MIC (0.12µl/ml) and MFC (0.25µl/ml).

The result of this study was that the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of peppermint oil extract demonstrated the quality and stability of the oil extract.


The immersed tunnelling technique is commonly used for river or sea crossings worldwidely. Seismic safety criterions of immersed tunnels involve the shear stiffness, axial stiffness, flexural stiffness, and opening deformations of the immersion joints. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct mechanical analysis of joint between immersed tunnel elements. A pseudo-static numerical analysis of an immersion joint is presented in this paper, mainly involving the modelling method, loading mechanism and results. In this model, anchor bolts connecting shear keys and concrete segments are replaced by an assumed equivalent layer and the vibration isolation is simplified as tolerated value of contact. Additionally, the nonlinear feature of GINA gasket is also taken into consideration in this model. It can be concluded that the mechanical property of GINA gasket is significantly affected by both flexure and axial loadings. In contrast, the loading effects on the behaviours of shear keys can be neglected, which indicates hysteresis characters under cyclic loadings. The numerical results and conclusions are benefit to the further large-scale model tests of immersion joint in progress, and more related further publications are expected in future.


Nanostructured materials have been attracting increased attention for a wide variety of applications due to their superior properties compared to their bulk counterparts. In recent times, in the literature, it can be found attempts to insert transition metals (Co, Cu, Ni, Cr, Ti…) into mesoporous frameworks generally by wet impregnation or co- precipitation showing various drawbacks such as an excessive use of solvents, high energy consumption or costly refining steps. Supercritical fluid deposition (SFD) is an alternative technique, one-pot process, which is able to reduce operational times. An organometallic precursor is dissolved in a supercritical fluid, usually CO2, and adsorbed on the mesoporous support. Precursor can then be thermally broken down and/or chemically reduced, and metal or metal oxide nanoparticles are precipitated on the surface and in the pores of the support. Finally, CO2 is released together with organic byproducts leading to a dry and solvent free material. The excellent properties of scCO2 (low viscosity and high diffusivity) and their tunability with P and T, make it as an interesting reaction medium for such kind of processes. Moreover, CO2 is an environmental friendly solvent. This work presents the synthesis and characterization by means of different techniques (SEM, TEM, ICP…) of nanomaterials using SFD. Two different metals, cobalt and nickel, have been deposited into two mesoporous-organized silicas: MCM-41 and MCM-48 respectively. Metallocenes have been used as organometallic precursors. Experimental results have shown an homogenous distribution of metallic nanoparticles showing the convenience of the SFD process.


Complexes of 2,4-pentanedione (acetylacetone, acac), [Cu(acac)2], [VO(acac)2] and [CO(acac)3], and the chromium(III) derivative of 3-methyl-2,4-pentanedione (methylacetylacetone, meac), [Cr(meac)3], the ligands bis(benzoylacetone)ethylenediimine and bis(salicylidene)ethylenediimine, and their cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) chelates were analysed by laser desorption mass spectrometry (LAMMA) and compared to electron impact (EI) results. The positive ion LAMMA spectra generally reveal mostly small fragments, although metal cationization peaks are seen for most complexes. Negative ion LAMMA produce carbon clusters and some structurally important fragments.


With the continuous development of substation automation technology, some typical problems have been exposed in the construction and operation of smart substation based on IEC 61850 protocol, such as complex data model mapping, lack of model control means and low efficiency of engineering debugging. In view of the above problems, this paper studies the data architecture and data source of substation monitoring system, and proposes a method of data synchronization based on model, which effectively reduces the difficulty of operation and maintenance personnel debugging, and greatly improves the operation and maintenance efficiency of intelligent substation monitoring system.


The electrical conduction through polycation stabilized short (15 base-pairs, ~5.4nm) double standard (ds)-DNA molecules are measured at ambient. The metal-DNA interface properties are studied by functionalizing the DNA with a thiol group attachment at their 3' and 5' ends using different spacers. The thermodynamically stable ds-DNA strands are prepared from the single DNA chains and their complements in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and immobilized between isolated pairs of gold (Au) electrodes. Molecular scale gaps between contacts were formed by an electromigration technique performed on a lithographically defined Au micro-wire that is e-beam evaporated over oxidized silicon substrate using a molecular adhesion monolayer. The DNA strands are stabilized by exposing to a polycation environment (spermidine in PBS). In the 15 base-pair double strands, the conductivity is observed to change systematically with DNA sequence and end-group structure.


Background: Maternal and child mortality remain major global public health challenges. Majority of the world's maternal mortality occur in low–income countries including Ghana, where financial barriers make maternal healthcare inaccessible to many womenduring obstetric emergencies, resulting in avoidable maternal deaths. Ghana implemented a free maternal care policy nation-wide in 2008 .to provide pregnant women antenatal, delivery and postnatal care in public, and accredited private healthcare facilities. This work assesses the impact of the policy on selected Maternal and Child Health (MCH) indicators in Ghana.Methods: Literature on financial barriers to maternal healthcare in Low Income Countries (LICs) was reviewed. WHO databases were searched for MCH indicators for Ghana from 2000-2011, aggregated and trends analysed. Additional data was obtained from Maamobi Polyclinic, Koforidua Regional Hospital (KRH), and the Korle Bu Teaching Hospitals (KBTH). These were statistically analysed for trends to assess the policy's impact on these indicators.Results: Over four years of implementation, average antenatal coverage increased by 2%, skilled birth attendance 11%; contraceptive prevalence unchanged and unmet need for contraception rose marginally. Under-5 mortality declined by 22%. KBTH recorded increased antenatal (ANC) attendance and decreased annual deliveries that were non-significant. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) increased by 89/100,000LB; Caesarean section (C/S) rate rose by 5.5%, fresh still birth (FSB) rate increased and Neonatal intensive careunit (NICU) admissions surged 21%. KRH recorded significant increases in deliveries by 2114; C/S rate by 3% while MMR reduced by 0.56% (562/100,000LB). However, the FSB proportion increased by 13%, ANC attendance reduced by 567, annual deliveries rose by300, C/S rate and FSB increased by 3% and 11% respectively per year at the Maamobi Polyclinic.Conclusion: Encouraging trends were observed in the MCH indicators attributable to the policy. Increasing FSB rates indicate inadequate care quality especially intra-partum monitoring possibly due to over-stretched staff and facilities from rising patient loads.


On the scion overgrowing phenomenon of'P.armeniaeaefolia/P.betulaefolia'in field,the P.betulifoliaantilogous grafting was taken as contrast and the mechanism of graft compatibility was discussed by observing the effects of cicatrization on the anatomical structures and analyzing the physiological change of graft union.The results revealed that the ratio of wood and bark of P.armeniaeaefolia was significant less than P.betulaefolia.Observing the anatomical structures of graft union,we found that the graft healing process was approximately divided into 4stages,which were the insulating layer forming,callus forming,connecting and differentiating of callus of the scion and stock,and the conducting tissue forming respectively.On the rate of cicatrization of graft union,'P.armeniaeaefolia/P.betulaefolia' was slower 6days than'P.betulaefolia/P.betulaefolia';Compared with'P.betulaefolia/P.betulaefolia',the polyphenol oxidase(PPO)and Phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL)activity of graft union of'P.armeniaeaefolia/P.betulaefolia'changed obviously.In addition to the individual observation point(grafted 18days),the PPO activity of'P.armeniaeaefolia/P.betulaefolia'was relatively higher than'P.betulaefolia/P.betulaefolia'in the most healing process.The lignin in the two grafting combination presented the tendency that rose at the later stage of grafting healing,but,the increasing tendency in'P.betulaefolia/P.betulaefolia'combination was more obvious.The max value of soluble sugar content in'P.betulaefolia/P.betulaefolia'combination appeared earlier than'P.armeniaeaefolia/P.betulaefolia'.The change trend of soluble protein in two combinations was basically the same,but,the soluble protein content of 'P.betulaefolia/P.betulaefolia'was obviously higher than'P.armeniaeaefolia/P.betulaefolia'.


AbstractTo date there have been few studies of the effects of liquid metals on fatigue crack propagation. In this paper, the effects of liquid gallium on the room temperature fatigue crack propagation characteristics of a leaded brass are examined. In particular, the effects of load ratio and cyclic frequency are studied. Previous models for the effect of liquid metal on fatigue crack propagation are discussed in the context of this work and a new model for fatigue crack propagation in liquid metals is proposed.MST/1889


Workforce is a tangible and talent-driven asset for high-performing organisations in today's global economy. Arguably, if workforce is not adequately planned, it impacts the effective execution of future business strategies. This research uses Standard Chartered and HSBC Holdings as a case study. A sample size of 60 participants is selected and descriptive data analysis employed to examine the online survey questionnaire. The findings indicate that HRA helps organisations to develop and sustain high-quality planning and eliminates the conventional obstacles HRA provides. It aligns strategic planning by head counting and establishing a clear view of talent demand and supply problems. It is a useful tool used to evaluate the impact of their decision and prioritise future investments in the workforce. Key identifiers include: Control, employee production efficiency, and structure.  The study recommends organisations combine demand planning and internal supply analysis to identify workforce gaps and plan accordingly.


Fingerprint identification technology has been widely used in such enterprises and public institutions like public security organs,banks,securities business and so on.Introduces the fingerprint identification technology used in ID authentication,provides a solution for the network ID authentication system based on fingerprint identification,gives the system topology and software architecture.This system also gives the different application software for different field,may be applied in the long-distance network database access rights and the ID confirmation and so on,and enhances the security of on-line service activity.


Groser Muggelsee and Langer See are limnologically similar but during an investi- gation from 1990 until 1993 marked differences were observed in the species that dominated during the summer blooms. Two distinct planktonic communities could be recognised, one dominated by "Planktothrix agardhii" and the other by "Aphanizomenon flos-aquae/Micro- cystis spp.". A sensitive moment for the differentiation of the plankton development to the one or the other cyanobacterial summer bloom was the time, when the total nitrogen to total phos- phorus ratio (TN:TP ratio) dropped to a critical value of 16:1. In addition, the phytoplankton composition at the time when this ratio is reached is of decisive importance. Rapid growth of the N2-fixing A. flos-aquae was favoured at TN:TP<16:1 in both lakes, when the timing of the critical TN:TP ratio and low biomass of P. agardhii coincided (clear water phase). Through- out all the investigated years in Groser Muggelsee, the rapid growth of the heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria A. flos-aquae started at the time when TN:TP=16:1, even if this critical ratio was delayed by several weeks. However, if P. agardhii biovolume exceeded 6 mm 3 l -1 at the time when the critical TN:TP ratio was reached, then the mass development of this cyano- bacteria continued during summer and into autumn, whereas A. flos-aquae were only present in traces. Therefore, A. flos-aquae reached high biovolumes only when TN:TP<16:1, while the growth of P. agardhii seemed to be independent of seasonal variation of the TN:TP ratio. Differences between "P. agardhii" and "A. flos-aquae/Microcystis spp." dominated years were not restricted to cyanobacterial species, but were also seen in the diatom assemblages. A com- parison, based on biovolumes of 15 dominant cyanobacteria and diatoms, showed that seaso- nal changes in phytoplankton in "P. agardhii"-years were more gradual than the drastic shifts observed in "A. flos-aquae/Microcystis spp."-years.


In this paper, we consider a multi-hop energy harvesting (EH) communication system in a full-duplex mode, considering arrival data and harvested energy curves in the source and the relays. Our model covers all possible harvesting profiles by considering a general function (including both continuous and discrete functions). This model includes the EH system with discrete arrival processes as a special case. We investigate the throughput maximization problem considering least utilized energy in the source and relays and find the optimal offline algorithm. We propose a three-step algorithm: 1) solving a point-to-point throughput maximization problem at the source; 2) solving a point-to-point throughput maximization problem at the relay (after applying the solution of first step as the input of this second problem); and 3) minimizing utilized energy in the source. We show this algorithm gives the optimal throughput. In addition, we find the relation between the optimal algorithm for the completion time minimization problem and the proposed algorithm for the throughput maximization problem. Further, for the throughput maximization problem, we propose an online algorithm and show that it is more efficient than the benchmark one (which is a direct application of an existing point-to-point online algorithm to the multi-hop system).