The magnetic properties of electron-doped perovskite manganites, $({\mathrm{Gd}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{y}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x\ensuremath{-}y}){\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ ($x=0.08$ and 0.05, $0.1\ensuremath{\leqslant}yl1$), were investigated as a function of the average ionic radius of the $A$-site cations (i.e., $\mathrm{Gd}$, $\mathrm{Ca}$ and $\mathrm{Sr}$), $⟨{r}_{A}⟩$using polycrystalline samples. For the samples with $x=0.08$, as $y$ increased from 0, the low temperature phase changed from an antiferromagnetic insulator (AFI) to a ferromagnetic metal (FM) at $y\ensuremath{\sim}0.35$ which corresponds to $⟨{r}_{A}⟩=1.25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$. The magnitude of the N\'eel temperature was found to correlate with the bandwidth of the $\mathrm{Mn}\ensuremath{-}3d$ band. On the other hand, for the samples with $yg0.5$, a small saturation magnetization suggested the coexistence of the FM and AFI phase; in other words, magnetic phase separation occurred below the Curie temperature $(\ensuremath{\sim}120\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$. A scaling analysis of the resistivity of $({\mathrm{Gd}}_{0.08}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{y}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.92\ensuremath{-}y}){\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ indicated that a percolation transition between FM clusters was induced by the decrease in $⟨{r}_{A}⟩$.


Twenty‐two species belonging to 11 genera of zoosporic fungi were collected from 10 freshwater sites and from five species of leeches on sesame and hemp seeds, maize grains and Pinus pollen grains as baits at 22°C. Dictyuchus, Achlya, Pythium, Allomyces and Saprolegnia were the most common genera. The highest population of zoosporic fungi was estimated from Batracobdelloides tricarinata, the lowest from Barbronia assiuti.


ABSTRACT Like tea, the leaves of Turkish thyme (Thymus vulgaris) can be boiled in water to produce an extract. This is widely used as syrup for the treatment of coughs and bronchitis at alternative medicine clinics in many parts of the world. In the current study, we assessed the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of thyme. The antioxidant activities of both ethanol and aqueous extracts of thyme were determined using various in vitro methods. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined to be a gallic acid equivalent and a quercetin equivalent, respectively. Finally, the quantities of the phenolic compounds were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The total phenolic compounds in the aqueous extract and ethanol extracts of Turkish thyme were 256.0 μg gallic acid equivalent/mg dried extract and 158.0 μg gallic acid equivalent/mg dried extract, respectively. Conversely, the total flavonoid compounds in both extracts were 44.2 μg and 36.6 μg quercetin equivalent/mg dried extract, respectively. For the first time, we determined phenolic contents and investigated the antioxidant potential of thyme. The results indicate that Turkish thyme is a good dietary source with phenolic properties.


As one gets older, one of the changes which can occur is one's sleep pattern. I now find that I can easily fall asleep in my evening bed but invariably wake up in the wee small hours of the morning.


In mining, one of the methods of exploitation which is still the most used in rock salt deposits of potassium and magnesium salts is the method with abandoned rooms and pillars. The correct dimensioning of rooms and pillars (safety pillars) supporting is particularly important from the point of view of security exploitation but also the stability of the entire underground structures, protection and rational exploitation of the deposit, especially in terms of stability and surface protection updated when measures to avoid the occurrence of lands surface movements are imposed. Ensuring the stability of underground voids created by the exploitation of rock salt by solid way, requires the complex studies of correct knowledge of the geomechanical characteristics, the microand macroscopic behaviour of salt, but also for the rocks where the salt deposit is quartered; a particular importance in this direction, is the study of the phenomena of dilatancy and especially the involvement of the time factor to determine the characteristics and rheological parameters, features which can be assessed through the period of maintaining the stability of underground structure during exploitation, and after those, exhaustion.


BACKGROUND
Surgical treatment of obesity is cost-effective and improves life expectancy. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and adjustable gastric banding (AGB) are dominant surgical techniques, but RYGB is the only publicly insured procedure in all Canadian provinces. Private clinics currently offer AGB with minimal wait times. We sought to compare RYGB in public facilities with AGB in private clinics in terms of cost, wait times and certain aspects of patient care.

METHODS
We conducted telephone interviews of all bariatric surgery providers across Canada (100% response rate). We asked about various aspects of care, such as wait time, cost, pre- and postoperative care and surgeon experience.

RESULTS
The median out-of-pocket cost for AGB at private facilities is $16,000 (range $13,160-$18,375). Private clinics have much shorter wait times for AGB than public facilities do for RYGB (1 v. 21 mo, p < 0.001). Private clinics provide significantly fewer preoperative visits with multidisciplinary health professionals (2.7 v. 4.3, p = 0.045), and 5 of 12 (42%) private clinics conduct AGB surgeries without on-site critical care for high-risk (based on the respondents' definitions) patients.

CONCLUSION
Private clinics performing AGB offer short wait times, but the cost is high. We found a great deal of variation between pre- and postoperative care among bariatric surgery facilities, and in some cases patient care appears to be less comprehensive. Our findings suggest that further research on obesity treatment is needed to inform policy so that all Canadians can have equitable and timely access to proven, evidence-based care.


In this paper we develop a new approach to nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations with Gaussian noise. Our aim is to provide an abstract framework which is applicable to a large class of SPDEs and includes many important cases of nonlinear parabolic problems which are of quasi- or semilinear type. This first part is on local existence and well-posedness. A second part in preparation is on blow-up criteria and regularization. Our theory is formulated in an L p -setting, and because of this we can deal with nonlinearities in a very efficient way. Applications to several concrete problems and their quasilinear variants are given. This includes Burgers' equation, the Allen–Cahn equation, the Cahn–Hilliard equation, reaction–diffusion equations, and the porous media equation. The interplay of the nonlinearities and the critical spaces of initial data leads to new results and insights for these SPDEs. The proofs are based on recent developments in maximal regularity theory for the linearized problem for deterministic and stochastic evolution equations. In particular, our theory can be seen as a stochastic version of the theory of critical spaces due to Prüss–Simonett–Wilke (2018). Sharp weighted time-regularity allow us to deal with rough initial values and obtain instantaneous regularization results. The abstract well-posedness results are obtained by a combination of several sophisticated splitting and truncation arguments.


The invention relates to an intelligent tunnel type photosynthetic bacterium culture device. The device is composed of the following members: a frame (1), a culture tube (2), a refrigerating module (3), a heating module (4), a pressurizing pump (5), a control valve (6), a LED light group (7), a wireless control module (8), a bacterium liquid collecting box (9), a nutrition liquid box (10), a liquid acid box (11), a liquid alkali box (12), a bacterium liquid box (13), and a photosynthetic bacterium culture execution system (14). The device is characterized in that the culture tunnel (2) is composed of seven layers of pipelines, each layer of pipeline is connected by a material inlet valve (6) and a material outlet valve (6), each pipeline is provided with a nutrition liquid switch valve, a liquid acid switch valve and a liquid alkali switch valve, the switch valves are connected to the corresponding pressurizing pumps through plastic pipes; the top part of each layer is provided with an LED light group (7), according to the culture days, the flow-type culture is carried out 1 to 7 days; the upper part of the device body is provided with a refrigerating module (3), the lower part of the device body is provided with a heating module (4), and the wireless control module (8) with a control mode of ZigBee protocol is connected to the photosynthetic bacterium culture execution system (14).


We have long known two rather independent facts, in diverse fields, that are brought together in this interesting paper. First, in neuroscience we know that the amygdala is involved in several aspects of emotion, most notably as regards the memory of events (especially fearful situations). Second, in clinical psychology, we have also long known that patients with mental health problems have difficulty recalling specific aspects of their previous life experience: some (for example, in depression) seem especially impaired in recalling gist rather than detail, while the converse is true for other states (those of an anxious or traumatic nature). This latter finding is especially important for psychoanalysis and related psychotherapies because so much of the therapeutic experience is mediated by the ability of the client to consciously recall his or her life experiences and to place them in a coherent narrative. The findings of Adolphs et al. bring together these two strands and allow us to better understand the role of emotion in the reexperiencing of a personal narrative in studies of patients with focal lesions to the amygdala and related structures. The patients are asked to recall images that may be neutral (a car ride for relaxation) or emotionally valenced (a car ride to recover the body of a dead child), with later questions about gist (e.g., who are the characters in the image) or details (background specifics, such as cloud formations). The findings show that the amygdala seems to be central for the recall of gist, while the hippocampus is critical for the recall of detail—with selective loss of each category after selective lesions. We also know that powerful affective experiences are associated with enormous changes in hormones, such as cortisol, that modify the ability of brain regions such as the amygdala and hippocampus to lay down memories—which goes some way to explaining the fact that events experienced in powerful affective states (such as trauma) produce good gist information, but poor recall of detail.


he people of France and the Netherlands have spoken. As a result of their referendums this spring, the European Union constitution is dead, as is Turkish membership in the EU, and progress in areas from services deregulation to Balkan enlargement will now be much more difficult. Yet for the chattering classes the outcome was an opportunity to repolish long-held positions. In the face of implacable opposition to Turkish membership , The Economist blithely interpreted the rejection of a proposed EU constitution as evidence that Europe has gone too far, too fast—except, of course, on enlargement. Oxford's Timothy Garton Ash, a perennial optimist about the reconciliation of Britain's transatlantic and European vocations, espied another promising moment for Blairite diplomacy. The court philosopher of continental social democracy, Jürgen Habermas, called on European leaders (read: his former student, German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer) to recapture the " idealism of 1968 " by leading a leftist movement against neoliberal US hegemony. With quintessentially French misanthropy, Serge July of Libération accused French politicians of opportunism and French voters of racism. Across the Atlantic, Weekly Standard editor Bill Kristol, undeterred by the massive protest vote against European economic reform, called for rejection of the welfare state, open borders to immigration , and an embrace of America. It is time to view Europe as it really is. Far from demonstrating that the European Union is in decline or disarray, the constitutional crisis demonstrates its essential stability and legitimacy. The central error of the European constitutional framers was one of style and symbolism rather than substance. The constitution contained a set of modest reforms, very much in line with European popular preferences. Yet European leaders upset the emerging pragmatic settlement by dressing up the reforms as a grand scheme for constitutional revision and popular democratization of the EU. Looking back in 50 years, historians will not see this year' s referendums as the end of the EU—or as the beginning of the end. The union remains the most successful experiment in political institution building since World War II. Historians will see instead the last gasp of idealistic European federal-ism born in the mid-1940s, symbolized by the phrase " ever closer union " and aimed at establishing a United States of Europe. It is time to recognize that the EU can neither aspire to replace nation states nor seek democratic legitimacy in the same way nations do. The current …


Sir,

This interesting study reports that many people with 'mild untreated' primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) do not progress to require parathyroidectomy during an average of 4.7 years of follow-up.1 The authors also report decreases in serum calcium during follow-up of up to 12 years in this cohort despite concomitant increases in serum parathyroid hormone concentrations. Though the authors consider it unlikely, these paradoxical findings might reflect reductions in vitamin D status due to …


The research and education in communication studies in China have stepped into the sober stage.What is the noumenon of communication studies? How to pinpoint the position of communication studies in journalism disciplines? What are the differences between communication studies and journalism? What is the future of the research and education in communication studies? Such above-mentioned problems have been puzzling China's academia and education circle.


The Novel Coronavirus disease has taught us all to live the new normal way. As the virus transmission is mainly person-to-person through droplets, the outbreak has forced, even the general population to wear mask all the time when outdoors or meeting people. Everyone is educating the public about wearing the masks correctly by covering face and nose completely, however, correct methods of disposal of these used masks, which may be infected, is not being discussed. Proper biological waste management system is not followed while discarding the used masks and hence jeopardising the community health.


We have studied the resonance lines of indium using a Fabry-Perot interferometer and find indeed that λ4101 (5p^2P_(1/2)—6s^2'S_(1/2) has four distinct components as reported by Jackson, which, while it does not determine the nuclear moment, requires that it be greater than 1/2.


An Advanced Water Treatment Plant (AWTP) for potable water recycling in Davis Station Antarctica was trialed using secondary effluent at Selfs Point in Hobart, Tasmania, for nine months. The trials demonstrated the reliability of performance of a seven barrier treatment process consisting of ozonation, ceramic microfiltration (MF), biologically activated carbon, reverse osmosis, ultra-violet disinfection, calcite contactor and chlorination. The seven treatment barriers were required to meet the high log removal values (LRV) required for pathogens in small systems during disease outbreak, and on-line verification of process performance was required for operation with infrequent operator attention. On-line verification of pathogen LRVs, a low turbidity filtrate of approximately 0.1 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit), no long-term fouling and no requirement for clean-in-place (CIP) was achieved with the ceramic MF. A pressure decay test was also reliably implemented on the reverse osmosis system to achieve a 2 LRV for protozoa, and this barrier required only 2–3 CIP treatments each year. The ozonation process achieved 2 LRV for bacteria and virus with no requirement for an ozone residual, provided the ozone dose was >11.7 mg/L. Extensive screening using multi-residue gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) database methods that can screen for more than 1200 chemicals found that few chemicals pass through the barriers to the final product and rejected (discharge) water streams. The AWTP plant required 1.93 kWh/m3 when operated in the mode required for Davis Station and was predicted to require 1.27 kWh/m3 if scaled up to 10 ML/day. The AWTP will be shipped to Davis Station for further trials before possible implementation for water recycling. The process may have application in other small remote communities.


Hyperfine structure in the 313→303 rotation—inversion transition of deuterated ammonia NH2D at 18 807.7 Mc/sec has been studied with a beam maser microwave spectrometer giving a linewidth of 7 kc/sec. All details of the observed hyperfine structure have been accounted for in terms of the various quadrupole, spin—rotation, and spin—spin interactions of the four coupling nuclei. The hyperfine coupling constants which have been determined with the aid of a digital electronic computer are, for the 313 state: (eqJQ)D=—62.5±1.0 kc/sec, CD=—2.7±0.3 kc/sec, CH=—13.6±0.5 kc/sec; and for the 303 state: (eqJQ)D=—73.9±1.0 kc/sec, CD=—2.7±0.3 kc/sec, CH=—12.3±0.5 kc/sec. On the assumption that the electric field at the deuteron is cylindrically symmetric about the N—D bond direction ξ, we find that (eVξξQ)D=282±12 kc/sec, or Vξξ=1.38±0.06×1015 statV/cm2, where Vξξ is the second derivative of the electrostatic potential along ξ.


IL-15 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the development and activation of NK cells and is a potential target for inflammatory disease therapy. Studies conducted in IL-15- and IL-15R knockout mice identified IL-15 as an important cytokine for NK cell homeostasis. Consistent with this information derived from genetically modified mice, we demonstrated that neutralizing IL-15 with a mouse anti-mouse IL-15 mAb (M96) depletes C57BL/6 mouse NK cells. An mAb directed against macaque IL-15 (Hu714MuXHu) was manufactured and demonstrated to block IL-15–induced activation of nonhuman primate (NHP) NK cells in vitro. Neutralization of macaque IL-15 by parenteral administration of Hu714MuXHu reduces (>95%) circulating NK cell counts in NHPs. A blocking mAb directed against human IL-15 (huIL-15; AMG 714) was manufactured. Unexpectedly, when human subjects were treated with the blocking anti–IL-15 Ab AMG 714 in clinical trials, no reductions in circulating NK cell counts were observed despite achieving significantly higher exposures than the levels of Hu714MuXHu needed to cause NK cell count reductions in NHPs in vivo. Both AMG 714 and Hu714MuXHu are able to block huIL-15 activity in a human T cell blast proliferation and IFN- g production assay. Both Abs block huIL-15–mediated Stat5 activation and CD69 expression in human NK cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that NK cell homeostasis is obligatorily dependent upon IL-15 in both mice and NHPs, but that IL-15 is dispensable for maintenance of


It was experimentally verified that the Pendellosung fringes in the X-ray diffraction pattern of section type are of hyperbolic form in a wedge-shaped perfect crystal as predicted theoretically (N. Kato: Acta cryst. 14 (1961) 526, 627). This amounts to a direct proof to the fact that the dispersion surface of crystal waves is also of hyperbolic form. Based on this fact, a method of obtaining the structure factors by means of Pendellosung fringes is proposed. The atomic scattering factors were redetermined by this method for (511) and (444) reflections of Si single crystal: they were found to be 5.85 and 4.20 respectively. The method is useful in the cases of higher order reflections. The agreement between the present results and the previous ones (H. Hattori, et al. : J. Phys. Soc. Japan 20 (1965) 988) is satisfactory.


To test a number of hypotheses regarding determinants of long-run trends Abstract in nondefense government expenditures, regression equations were estimated by the method of least squares using the following dependent variables: government purchases of goods and services (i.e., resource-using public expenditures) excluding defense; government transfer payments; and nondefense public expenditures, the sum of the first two. All were deflated for price level change and population growth. Three periods were used: 1900-1928, 1929-1969, and 1900-1969. The research tends to validate the influence of "Baumol's Disease, " which implies exponential growth of public expenditures on account of price effects due to a systematic public-private productivity-growth differential. The results cast doubt on the Peacock-Wiseman "displacement effect," which holds that public expenditures grow more rapidly than normally, immediately following wars or other "social upheavals, " because these events shift taxpayers' notions of maximum tolerable levels of taxation.


The impact of the Soviet collapse had been felt stronger in northeast Arctic regions than in other ones of Russia. Disintegration of the USSR, political and economic reforms produced abrupt changes in the demographic situation. Since 1991, the process of stable population decrease became natural and, above all, due to migration. Unlike other demographic processes, migration responded quickly to the changes going on in society. This process was set off by the slash of the army and closure of numerous industrial enterprises based on natural resources use as these became unprofitable in the conditions of market economy. Market orientation immediately laid bare the relative overpopulation of the northern regions which the people were in a hurry to leave. In 1990-2013 the total population of Chukotka, the northeastern –most part of Russia, declined more than threefold mainly due to mass migration outflow of the Russian population and other than indigenous peoples. Rate of decrease in number of people (69%) in Chukotka was the highest one in Russian Federation. More than 75% was the shrinking population in Iul'tinskiy, Chaunskiy, and Shmidtovskiy rayons. While the share of Russian, Ukrainian, and Tatar and other than indigenous peoples in total population has decreased, the share of Chukchi, Inuits, Evens increased. Reflecting the post-Soviet change in population dynamics, distinct types of transformation of human settlements and can be found in Chukotka. The first type is of the Soviet-period settlements, inhabited largely by indigenous population, whose numbers have not changed much. An example of this is Amguema Village in Iul'tinskiy rayon. Its population decreased in post-Soviet time, but much less than in other settlements of the rayon with essentially Russian population. The second type is of the Soviet-period settlements, but considerably depopulated, inhabited mostly by Russian population. Considerably depopulated settlements, with essentially Russian population, where there co-exist abandoned and preserved residential neighborhoods forms the third type. Ugolnye Kopi settlement, where in the abandoned part there used to live military personnel until military base was closed, is an example of this type. The fourth type are depopulated, demolished, abundant settlements that used to be inhabited by non-indigenous population employed at mining enterprises based on exhaustible mineral resources or by servicemen. The on-site analysis in Iul'tinskiy rayon showed that during the post-Soviet period due to the closing down of the Iul'tinskiy Mining and Dressing Plant and its servicing enterprises in 1994, Iul'tin Township and the settlements Svetlyi, Geologicheskii, and Vostochnyi were demolished. By field research we revealed 38 demolished human settlements in Chukotka. The opening of new enterprises in post-Soviet time based on natural resources utilization and mainly related to placer gold mining leads to the emergence of temporary workers' settlements, migrant workers' residences. Such settlements consist of the fifth type in our classification. Human settlements of northeast Arctic regions of Russia have changed in the post-Soviet period and are continuing to evolve under the impact of population dynamics and natural resources development.


Abstract This study is intentionally functional, and, from the data collection aspect, is a descriptive survey. The statistical data for the present study includes low-power electronic and electric products in Guilan Province. A total of 384 consumers were chosen using the random cluster sampling method. We have used confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to analyze the given data. The findings show that there is a significant relationship among brand-perceived quality, green brand image, (GBI) and brand value, but not with the green brand-perceived value (GBPV). In addition, the results of the study show that brand credibility has a significant relationship with the GBPV and GBI, but not with the GBPV and GBI, each of which are associated with the green brand in a different way. At the end of this survey, you will read about the intermediate variables, all of which are acceptable, except the intermediate variables of brand credibility and GBI.


This contribution presents a new algorithm (NORFREA) to select fuzzy rules from a grid partition of the input domain. Besides using an efficiency measure for the rules, this algorithm employs an heuristic technique to reduce the influence of the initial grid structure. Different benchmarks of classification problems are included to illustrate the advantages of this algorithm.


The proposal of Quality Education is to meet the demand for social and educational development.Being an important part of college education,English teaching plays an elementary role in quality education,This article is concerned with how to improve English teaching and promote quality education to bring up talents with high quality for our society.


Dent gauges are instruments used to measure the dents created in vehicles during a car crash. These measurements are very important in assessing the crash impact, crash investigation and further helping the material selection improvement of the vehicle. The existing depth gauges can measure the dent depth along only a single direction. The model we developed has the ability to traverse along all the three axes (X, Y & Z axes) so that mapping of the depths at different points can be extensively made, which makes this model unique.


KAHN, E & E. J. LINHARES FERREIRA (1995). A new species of Astrocaryum (Palmae) from Acre, Brazil. Candollea 50: 321-328. In English, English and French abstracts. A new species of the genus Astrocaryum (Palmae, Arecoideae, Cocoeae) from the western region of Brazilian Amazonia is described. A key including allied species is given. RÉSUMÉ KAHN, E & E. J. LINHARES FERREIRA (1995). Une nouvelle espèce d'Astrocaryum (Palmae) d'Acre, Brésil. Canddea 50: 321-328. En anglais, résumés anglais et français. Une nouvelle espèce du genre Astrocuryurn (Palmae, Arecoideae, Cocoeae) de la région occidentale de l'Amazonie brisilienne est décrite. Une clé dichotomique permet de la différencier des especes les plus proches. KEY-WORDS: PALMAE Astrocaryum Taxonomy Brazil. The upper Moa River valley is the westernmost region of Brazil, located at about one hundred air kilometres from Pucallpa, Department of Ucayali, Peru. This tributary of the Jurua River is nearer from the Andes than Iquitos, the capital of Peruvian Amazonia, is. Palm flora in this region includes Subandean genera, such as Abhanes, Aphandra, Catoblastus, Chamaedorea, Chelyocarpus, Dictyocaryum, Iriartea, Phytelephas, Wettinia, and most Amazonian genera which also occur in the neighbouring Peruvian Amazonia (KAHN & GRANVILLE, 1992; KAHN & MOUSSA, 1994a, b). Four species of Astrocaryum have been found along the Moa River valley: A. chainbira Burret, A. clzonta Martius, A. jauari Martius, and a new species here described. Astrocaryum faranae F. Kahn & E. Ferreira, spec. nov. (Fig. 1-3). Ab A. carrioso Kahn & Millán differt floris pistillati calyce truncato non plicato ad apicem, Type: Brazil. Upper Moa River, Acre, Francis Kahn h Farana Moussa 3560 (Holotype CEN; corolla calyce longiore non plicata ad apicem, aculeatis epicarpii usque 14 mm. longis. isotypes, G, NY, P). A medium-sized, multistemmedpalm, usually 2-3 adult axes togèther. Stem up to 4m in height, 18-20 cm in diameter, covered with spiny persistent sheaths of the dead leaves. Leaves up to 10; sheath and petiole 75-110 cm long, gray-tomentose, adaxial side with gray-tomentose, black, up to 3 cm long spines, abaxial side with flattened, gray to black, 1-10 cm long spines in sparse groups . _ _ _ ~ _ ì CODEN. CNDLAR ISSN 0373-2967 50(2) 321 (1995) I CONSERVATOIRE ET JARDIN BOTANIQUES DE GENEVE 1995 o


Abstract : This test program quantified the fire extinguishment performance of the candidate Halon 1211 replacement agents, perfluorohexane and Halotron I. Both of these agents were tested head-to-head with Halon 1211 for several typical aircraft fire scenarios. The following tests were conducted: agent throw-range tests, dry-pool fire extinguishment tests, three-dimensional inclined plane running fuel fire tests, simulated engine-nacelle running-fuel fire tests, and simulated wheel-well fires involving hydraulic fluid. All tests except the wheel well fire used JP-4 as the fuel. Amerex Model 600 (150-pound wheeled) extinguishers were used to dispense the agent in each test. Halon 1211, Perfluorohexane, Halotron 1, Clean fire extinguishing agents.


Purpose - The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of 'unmanned cafes' on the network through big data analysis, and to identify the latest trends in rapidly changing consumer perception. Based on this, I would like to suggest that it can be used as basic data for the revitalization of unmanned cafes and differentiated marketing strategies.
Design/methodology/approach - This study collected documents containing unmanned cafe keywords for about three years, and the data collected using text mining techniques were analyzed using methods such as keyword frequency analysis, centrality analysis, and keyword network analysis.
Findings - First, the top 10 words with a high frequency of appearance were identified in the order of unmanned cafes, unmanned cafes, start-up, operation, coffee, time, coffee machine, franchise, and robot cafes. Second, visualization of the semantic network confirmed that the key keyword "unmanned cafe" was at the center of the keyword cluster.
Research implications or Originality - Using big data to collect and analyze keywords with high web visibility, we tried to identify new issues or trends in unmanned cafe recognition, which consists of keywords related to start-ups, mainly deals with topics related to start-ups when unmanned cafes are mentioned on the network.


On the basis of a literature and statistics analysis, it is pointed out that the Chinese male basketball team enjoys a strength in the paint, and three-point long shot leaves some room for improvement. On the other hand, three-point long shot boosts the strength in the paint. The paper puts forward a feasible strategy of enlarging three-point area in the domestic basketball matches to improve three-point long shot.


One of the sapstain fungal species isolated from the stained sapwood of a Japanese black pine in Korea was characterized. The fungal species is tolerant to cycloheximide and has Petosum-like synnema and Sporothrix type synanamorph which are found in the anamorphs of the Ophiostoma piceae complex group. But the species could not form perithecia on MEA. Based on cultural and morphological properties and analysis of the -tubulin gene sequence, the fungal species was identified as Ophiostoma quercus. Here, we report mycological characteristics of the anamorphic stage of Ophiostoma quercus isolated in Korea.


Top-down mass spectrometry (MS) is an increasingly important technique for protein characterization. However, in many biological MS experiments, the practicality of applying top-down methodologies is still limited at higher molecular mass. In large part this is due to detrimental effect resulting from the partitioning of the mass spectral signal into an increasing number of isotopic peaks as molecular mass increases. Reducing the isotopologue distribution of proteins via depletion of heavy stable isotopes was first reported over twenty years ago (Marshall, Senko, Li, Li, Dillon, Guan, and Logan. Protein Molecular Mass to 1 Da by 13C, 15N Double-Depletion and FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 433-434) and has been demonstrated for several small proteins. Here we extend this approach, introducing a new highly efficient method for the production of recombinant proteins depleted in 13C and 15N and demonstrating its advantages for top-down analysis of larger proteins (up to ~50 kDa). FT-ICR MS of isotopically depleted proteins reveal dramatically reduced isotope distributions with the monoisotopic signal observed up to 50 kDa. In top-down fragmentation experiments, the reduced spectral complexity alleviates fragment-ion signal overlap; the presence of monoisotopic signals allows assignment with higher mass accuracy; and the dramatic increase in signal-to-noise ratio (up to 7-fold) permits vastly reduced acquisition times. These compounding benefits allow the assignment of ~3-fold more fragment ions than comparable analyses of proteins with natural isotopic abundances. Finally, we demonstrate greatly increased sequence coverage in time-limited top-down experiments - highlighting advantages for top-down LC-MS/MS workflows and top-down proteomics.


A dynamic simulation system for voltage source converter based high voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)based on the modular multilevel converter(MMC)topology is described,which is a back to back simulation system.With a real project as the prototype supplier,equivalent simulation for the AC system,converter valves,converter transformers,and DC cables are briefly treated,while the parameter design and simulation ratio design for AC system,DC system,converter valves, converter transformers are given.The measurement units for this system are the same as those for the project.Fault simulation and fault point setting are also dealt with.Finally,the results for steady-state and fault ride-through test are presented.The waves from the simulation system are compared with those of the field project,the results showing the dynamic simulation system can accurately simulate the steady-state and transient characteristics of the actual project as provide experimental verification for the design of control and protection system of VSC-HVDC.


The development of Sleeve Mounted Propeller have been proceeded to improve on fitting method of conventional propeller. This improved system, propeller secured on shaft with sleeve, has characteristics as follows;(1) Based facing up of propeller as the propeller can be faced up with the sleeve instead of the propeller shaft.(2) Simplified machining of the propeller shaft so as to get along without the tapered and screwed end.To prove the reliability, a model propeller was prepared and tested. As a result, the system was confirmed to be reliable and a great number of information for the design was obtained.


Objective To study the affinities of medicinal material non-component carrier and active components of Chinese drugs.Methods The original components in each medicinal material of the counter-zuojin prescription was eliminated,and the affined chromatographic sta-tionary phase was made from non-component medicinal carrier respectively.The components in counter-zuojin prescriptions,Radix Coptis and Fructus evodiae were separated with the alcohol-water as mobile phase.The alcohol-water emulsion was continuously collected each 30mL as a sample units,the affinities of non-component carrier stationary phase and components extracted from original materials was determined with fingerprint by HPLC and estimated with total quan-tum statistic moment.Results The central one-rank moment of counter-zuojin extract through Radix Copis stationary phase column was approximated very much to Fructus evodiae in 31st~ 60th mL of the extract,the central one-rank moment of Radix Copis extract in 0~30th mL and 31st~60th mL through Fructus evodiae stationary phase column was approximated very much to that of Radix Copis sample,and the central one-rank moment of Fructus Evodiae extract


Irradiation embrittlement of SQV2A steel was evaluated by magnetic methods. Thermal aging (TA) and electron irradiation (EI) specimens were prepared to evaluate the thermal aging and the irradiation damage effects separately. B‐H loops changed with TA and EI. Higher harmonics of AC magnetization signals were sensitive to micro‐structure changing of specimens. The intensity of the 3rd harmonics increased linearly with over 100 years of equivalent operation time by Larson‐Miller parameter of nuclear power plants.


There are many factors that influence the side resistance prediction of drilled shafts in poor quality rock. As part of a bridge replacement project in Oregon, we evaluated the performance of various design methodologies for predicting the side resistance in poor quality rock. In particular, we looked at the side resistance predicted in poor quality rock from the rock mass strength developed using Rock Quality Designation (RQD) as well as the Geological Strength Index (GSI) developed by Hoek and Brown. We predicted the capacities of drilled shafts at several bents along the bridge alignment and compared the estimated bedrock socket required to resist the structural loading. This paper summarizes the determination of rock mass quality using the RQD and GSI methods, describes the prediction methods used for determining the side resistance in poor quality rock, presents the comparison of RQD versus GSI predicted design values, and evaluates the performance of the predictive methods and discusses the difference in cost associated with the drilled shaft lengths predicted by each method. Based on the results of this study, using the RQD methods without any specific laboratory strength or deformation test results may under predict the ultimate shaft resistance within poor quality rock, i.e., RQD < 60 percent.


Abstract This article traces the development of national teaching standards, the introduction of compulsory teaching qualifications, and other recent policy initiatives for improving the quality of teaching in further education (FE) colleges in England. The article argues that the significance of these developments is that hitherto the FE college sector has been unregulated by Government with no statutory requirement for teaching qualifications or standards of professional practice. The article critically analyses the change from a local, voluntarist and unregulated FE sector to a much more nationally regulated one. I argue that although these developments represent a significant effort to raise the quality of teaching in FE colleges, there are contradictions between the growing regulation on the one hand and growing diversity of learners and learning contexts on the other. Furthermore, I suggest that in the absence of any clear professional identity and culture among FE college teachers, there is a danger that the national teaching standards are being mechanically and uncritically applied to initial teacher training courses and that the endorsement process has become a regulatory paper exercise, not focusing on teaching and learning. This article highlights and analyses the dangers of adopting an over-regulatory approach to teaching in FE colleges because of the wide diversity of practice required by FE college teachers to meet the diverse learning needs of FE college students.


Never before have so many generations in nursing been asked to work together. The coexistence of 3 generations in nursing is leading to intergenerational conflict. The current intergenerational conflict is not enticing Generation X to seek or maintain nursing careers, therefore exacerbating the current nursing shortage. Using the theoretic frameworks of Conflict and Cohort theories, this article will examine and suggest the impact of generational diversity on the future of nursing.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are very useful for data acquisition in harsh environments or where the maintenance of wired infrastructure would not be viable. Despite of these advantages WSN nodes have a limited range ratio thus to collect data on long distance is necessary to construct a path with many relay nodes to reach the destination. Another limitation of these networks is that they often rely on batteries to operate, which can cause a serious limitation in the network lifetime. In this work it was developed a solution based on a Multi-hop WSN to collect data on long distance, WSN lifetime. This could be done by modifications at RFBee Libraries that reinforces the importance of flexibility and portability of this device.


This study proposes a compact four-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system to operate within a frequency range of 3.2–5.75 GHz to serve in 5G new radio (NR) sub-6 GHz n77/n78/n79 and 5 GHz WLAN with good impedance matching. To increase the isolation between the MIMO antenna elements with low complexity and cost, the antenna elements are orthogonally oriented to each other with distance spacing of 0.3λ˳ between elements, including electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure, defected ground structure (DGS), capacitive elements (CE), and neutralization line (NL). The simulation results show that the measured mutual coupling between the array elements is improved from -20 to -45 dB. The envelope correlation coefficient is enhanced. In addition, the diversity gain, mean effective gain, and total active reflection coefficient are improved simultaneously. The suggested structure has been designed on CST Microwave Studio 2019. The antennas' overall dimensions for all methods are the same as they approach 46 mm × 46 mm × 1.6 mm. The measured gain of the proposed designs ranges from 6 to 9 dBi, and the radiation efficiency approaches 90%. The antennas are fabricated and tested, where better experimental results are noticed compared to the simulation results. Our antennas are designed over FR-4 substrate with a noticeable cost reduction. Each antenna element has a dimension of 15 mm × 23 mm × 1.6 mm. An "EL" slot into the radiating element and two identical stubs coupled to the partial ground are used to improve the impedance matching and radiation characteristics across the bands of interest. The isolation decreases by 22 dB using the EBG method, reaching the value of -65 dB. Meanwhile, the isolation decreases by 19 dB using the DGS method, reaching -60 dB. Due to gaps between adjacent unit cells and the capacitance generated from the dielectric gap between the top metallic patch and ground plane, the EBG method gives the best results. However, in the CE method, capacitances resulting from the four transmission lines in the bottom side of the antennas (parasitic elements) decrease the isolation by 15 dB, reaching -40 dB. NL method makes the isolation to reach the value of -55 dB. Accordingly, the proposed antenna arrays support 5G NR sub-6 GHz n77/n78/n79 and 5 GHz WLAN, where n77 (3.3–4.2 GHz), n78 (3.3–3.80 GHz), and n79 (4.4–5.0 GHz) require a wideband coverage that extends from 3.3 GHz to at least 5.0 GHz.


My first quarter at Lowood seemed an age; and not the golden age either: it comprised an irksome struggle with difficulties in habituating myself to new rules and unwonted tasks. The fear of failure in these points harassed me worse than the physical hardships...


Rudolf Carnap is a great philosopher of modern Western philosophy of the twentieth century. His thoughts relate to the topics of logics and linguistics in which the conception of semantics occupies an important position. He built a fairly complete semantic system in his classic work, Introduction to Semantics. The study of the logical thoughts of semantics of R. Carnap not only has important theoretical significance for philosophy and logics, but also suggests problems of linguistics and mathematics.


This is not your conventional commentary based upon the historicalcritical method, with its obvious gains and acknowledged limitations. Jobling invites us into a very different world of interpretation which goes under various names. His commentary is based on a reader-oriented hermeneutic instead of a tightly focused search for authorial intent. J. also levels with the reader by candidly sharing the perplexities and doubts that emerged from his own reading of the text. Perhaps it is time to acknowledge a healthy plurality of methods for dealing with the fecundity of the revealed word. Scholarly depth and discipline should never be sacrificed in our commentaries, but there is now a greater awareness that those gains can be mobilized in a legitimate pursuit of contemporary purposes. The newer literary criticism focuses on the internal, rhetorical workings of the text, the assumption being that the text itself produces a world in which the reader may profitably participate. This requires much discipline and restraint lest the text be turned into anything one wants to make of it. But from this relatively new perspective J. has conscientiously wrestled with Israel's passionate testimony to God's venture with the people of Israel. He has tried to read the text in ways which can stir the hearts and minds of people entering a new millennium. J. had three main goals. The first was to test the possibility of organizing his book on the three guiding categories of recent ideological criticism: class, gender, and race. J. deals sequentially with these categories. The second aim was to read 1 Samuel as a book, complete in itself, even though it is actually part of a larger story, the Deuteronomic History, Israel's powerful testimony of her encounter with Yahweh, the Lord of history. A third aim was to reflect upon 1 Samuel as a historical document growing out of a broadly conflictual situation in Israel of the Iron Age. 1 Samuel is part of a national autobiography that reaches its final form long after the events it narrates and discloses an acute anxiety over the relationship of Israel's present to her past. In a world in which interpretation of God's word has sometimes been used to control or oppress women, it is healthy to see a concern for a solidly grounded hermeneutic. "While women characters are not so intrinsic to the action in 1 Sam as they are in Judges and Ruth, they have a very significant presence in a great variety of roles The variety of cases must continue to be investigated with a variety of feminist methods" (194). J.'s engagement with the text of 1 Samuel is vivid personal testimony of a concerned commentator on issues of our day; it challenges all of us to rethink and even reorder our commitments to pressing social issues. In a word, this is


Some studies have found that church attendance is negatively associated with economic growth and that belief in hell or heaven is positively associated with economic growth. The implication of this assertion is that 'believing rather than belonging' is what matters for economic performance as far as religion is concerned. Using logistic regression model on the data set of a metropolitan area, we have provided another evidence to further the empirical scholarship on the effect of religion on economic performance .We showed that church attendance perversely affects savings but belief may not matter significantly for savings decision of household after we have controlled for liquidity constraint, family ties and income uncertainty. We found that savings is negatively related to church attendance but belief in hell does not matter for household savings.


Theoretical considerations have lead to the following formula for the torque M in highly twisted monofilaments with a circular cross-section: where d = the filament diameter; ρ/d = the relative radial distance from the axis; τ[ρ/d] = the shear stress at ρ/d from the axis. With this formula it appears to he possible to compare the torques in highly twisted filaments which have been subjected to different treatments before twisting, in such a way that the influence of the resulting differences in diameter can be separated from the effects of the differences in molecular structure. The infiuence of the differences in diameter can be eliminated by changing over from the observed torque M to the "reduced torque" M 1 (= M/d 3, d = filament diameter), i.e., the torque which would exist in the filament under geometrically similar conditions if this filament had a diameter of unit length. Experiments were made on nylon 6 monofilaments in order to investigate the effect of processes, such as drawing and heat-settin...


Alberta's oil-sands hold almost all of Canada's crude bitumen resources within one of the world's largest deposits of extra heavy crude oil. Its established reserves of crude bitumen have been favorably compared with the conventional oil reserves of Saudi Arabia. (The term established reserves refers to recoverable hydrocarbons as originally described in the report by the Joint Task Force on Uniform Reserves Terminology under the auspices of the Canadian Inter-Provincial Advisory Committee on Energy [the IPACE system]. As defined, established reserves are those reserves recoverable with current technology under present and anticipated economic conditions that are proven by drilling plus that contiguous part interpreted to exist with reasonable certainty.) Alberta's oil-sand industry has been the source of large investments since the 1960s, but investment has been particularly strong in the past decade. Crude bitumen production in Alberta has more than doubled in this period and is expected to reach more than 3 million bbl/day during the next decade, as the pace of oil-sand development accelerates. (In this chapter, volumes are expressed in barrels [bbl]). This chapter contains a forecast of the potential production from this vast resource, with consideration for reserves, markets, and the economic viability of crude bitumen production within Alberta.


ABSTRACT There is a recognised need for bridging the gap between science and policy making aiming at the reduction of landslide disaster risk. A growing body of literature articulates the significance of scientific contributions on landslide risk assessment at different spatial–temporal scales. However, most studies in this field have mainly focused on landslide hazards, whereas vulnerability has not been treated in much detail. The present study aimed to portray the challenge involved within the integrated landslide disaster risk management sphere to avoid the configuration of new disaster risk. It should be understood whereby that landslide exposure is exacerbated by current population growth and the intensification of the use of land and resources linked to profitable activities, which in turn lead to rural transformation and a greater extent of socio-economic occupation of depreciated land in areas susceptible to hazards, urban sprawling and even expensive housing on unstable slopes. This analysis provides evidence about the need to encourage integrated landslide disaster risk management (ILDRiM), not only in the sense of reducing existing risk, but to prevent new landslide disaster risk. Thereupon, recognising and addressing landslide root causes and disaster risk drivers strongly intertwined to exposure and vulnerability should be prioritised, whereas the need of informed disaster risk governance must neither be neglected.


In confined environments, the precocious reproductive efficiency of "tilapias" (various cichlid species belonging to the genera Oreochromis, Sarotherodon and Tilapia ) can rapidly lead to overcrowding and nanism. Therefore, the artificial control of reproduction in these species is very important for success in their culture. Such a control may consist either in completely preventing fry production in a population, in order to improve growth, or in favouring synchronous massive productions of alevins, in order to set up cultures with homogeneous populations.At present, some of the most intensive techniques are based on the separate rearing of male fish, either after manual sorting or following hormonal inversion treatments leading to monosex populations. New ways of obtaining a male monosex progeny are suggested, based on the viability and fertility of a new genotype YY. Recent data on the sex differentiation of tilapia gonad suggest the possible use of steroids which have been identified in vitro during the early stages of development of the testis and which exhibit high masculinizing potentialities; these studies also suggest the tentative use of specific inhibitors of the activity of some of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the above mentioned steroids.The occurrence of parental care is an important factor in the reproductive efficiency of tilapias. Recent data show close relationships between the chronology of the mouth-brooding behaviour in Oreochromis , and that of the ovarian cycle. A better knowledge of the underlying physiological factors may facilitate the development of new techniques for the inhibition and/or the synchronization of reproduction.


Summary—A meta-analysis of nine published outcome studies detailing the effects of Moral Reconation Therapy on recidivism in parolees and probationers is presented. The studies included in the meta-analysis had a total of 2,460 MRT-treated individuals and 7,679 individuals in control groups. Only one of the studies included in this report had any affiliation with the developers of MRT. A statistically significant reduction in recidivism, defined as rearrests or reincarcerations, was found (p = .00006) with a transformed effect size of .2238. The results are consistent with a prior meta-analysis on MRT recidivism outcomes with incarcerated felons.


The present invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical chemical formulations. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for producing a uniform hydrogel and such hydrogels, including fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF-18) compound. When the hydrogel of the invention is one formed in situ, it can be used in the treatment of cartilage disorders, such as osteoarthritis or cartilage injury.


Abstract The effect of drying on the cation (CEC) and anion (AEC) exchange capacity, and on potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) adsorption by three New Zealand soils was investigated. Air‐drying resulted in no significant changes in these properties compared with the field‐moist samples. Oven‐drying at 105°C significantly decreased the CEC and increased the AEC of most soils compared with air‐dried samples. The decrease in CEC was related to increased solubility of organic matter and a decrease in surface area on which charge could be developed. The increase in AEC was attributed to a decrease in soil pH. Potassium and Mg adsorption by two soils decreased following oven‐drying. This was consistent with the effect of drying on CEC. For the remaining soil, K adsorption increased following oven‐drying. This was attributed to K fixation.


Ultra Dynamic Voltage Scaling (UDVS) techniques are used to minimize the power consumption. Here in order to reduce sub threshold leakage because of reduction in gate oxide thickness by keep changing the supply voltage according to the mode of operation. Designing memories with dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) capability is gaining more importance because leakage power can be reduced by UDVS. UDVS is to scale the supply voltage by using assists circuits for different modes of the cell operation. In this paper three write assist circuits and 8T cell circuits have been designed along with read assist schemes to avoid read failure even for less stable cell. In this paper 8T SRAM is implemented in 45nm technology. The speed and power utilization of SRAM memories affects the performance; power utilization is the main disadvantage is to improve battery life and lower heat dissipation. In order to overcome above the disadvantages these Read Assist (RA) techniques are used.


s. I also must acknowledge her students whom I have worked with directly including Stacey Winham and Siddharth Roy, both of whom did an immense amount of work on the projects within this dissertation. I also owe thanks to the data managers and statisticians on the Cancer and Leukemia Group B team including Dee Watson, Chen Jiang, Ivo Shterev, and Susan Halabi for their work on the analysis in Chapter 3. The final piece of our collaborative team is the individuals and institutions that helped with the genotyping on this project. I need to thank our collaborators at Gentris Corp. including L. Scott Clark and Nathan Campbell who performed the genotyping for Chapters 1 and 2 and the team at the Riken Center for Genomic Medicine under the direction of Michiaki Kubo who performed the genome-wide genotyping for Chapter 3. I would also like to acknowledge a number of individuals within the Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy (IPIT) and the Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics (DPET). During my time in the lab I have interacted with brilliant scientists and great friends. I particularly appreciate the scientific guidance I have received from Michael


: We examined 80 patients (mean age - 52.6 ± 6.5 years, duration of the disease - 5.4 ± 2.6 years) with male gout. The total coronary risk (TFR) was determined in all patients with gout. Low TFR less than 5% was observed only in 9 10% patients, and the average 5-20% was observed in 35.6% patients. As expected, there was a statistically significant correlation between the number of main RF and TFR values (r = 0.25, p> 0.05, in all cases). Patients with low TFR significantly differed from patients with high TFR in terms of the main clinical characteristics reflecting the severity of gout. In gout, the TFR value correlates with the number and severity of the main risk factors and indicators reflecting the severity of the disease.


A study was performed on 7090 persons living in the rural sections of Aomori prefecture with the Haemconbistixpaper test. 79% of them were women and 21% men. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1) From the total group, 385 pevsons (5.4%) had their former and a new disease-symptoms. And among them 255 persons (6.8%) who formed A group had heart disease, hypertension, nephritis and cystitis. In the diagnosis of these diseases the urine test is so important, that it has to be used.2) From the urine PH-test results, the majority of 7, 090 persons had acid reaction in their urine and only 2% all women had alcalic reaction.3) From the urine protein test results, 7.5% of them had urine protein (+)-(++++) and 0.55%(++)-(++++). But we can not find the difference among their sex, age and living districts.4) From the urine test results 2.8% had urine sugar (+)-(++++), and 1.0%(++)-(++++), We can not find the difference between their age and living district, but there are many persons living on a farm with urine sugar.5) From urine sugar test results 3.5% persons over 40 years old had urine sugar (+)-(++++), and 8.1% all men over 40 years old had urine sugar (+)-(++++). But there are 34 womens under 40 years old with urine sugar.6) 0.71% of persons over 40 years old had sugar and protein in their urine.7) From of urine latent blood reaction results, 65 persons (0.91%) had (++)-(++++) p, and the majority of them were women living on a farm.


We propose a new PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) reduction scheme for MC-CDMA (multicarrier-CDMA) using subcarrier scrambling. Based on the fact that the PAPR of the MC-CDMA signal is highly dependent on the scrambling pattern of the subcarriers irrespective of users' data symbols, we searched the optimum fixed scrambling patterns for each combination of user spreading codes to achieve the minimum PAPR. This enables the system to allocate the optimum scrambling pattern dynamically during system operation. The proposed scheme achieves a significant reduction in the PAPR compared to random scrambling, especially for a small number of users. We also propose a simple suboptimum scrambling scheme where a common scrambling pattern is used irrespective of the code combinations.


This is a retrospective study of the complications occurring at hemodialysis sessions and the nursing care given to patients with chronic kidney failure. There were 125 subjects. The most common complications found were high and low blood pressure. Nursing care during the treatment gave priority to monitoring vital signs, administering medication and guidance on body weight. However, it was noticed that care was provided frequently, such as changing position and checking the level of awareness, although they are not recorded in the evaluation sheet.


Transition metal [Pt(IV), Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II)] complexes of 5-amino-1-(aryl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (aryl =C6H5, C6H4CH3 and C6H4-OCH3) were prepared and characterized by microchemical analyses, infrared, electronic spectra and thermogravimetric analyses. The infrared spectra showed that these ligands coordinate to metal ions in a bidentate manner. Moreover, octahedral structures are suggested for all the studied complexes.


Introduction - Aberdeen and its image, James Naughtie the growth of the city, John S. Smith people in the city, J. Andrew and D. Blaikie the 19th century economy, Richard Perren survival and decline - the economy 1918-1970, Richard Perren the oil economy, David Newlands working life in the city, William W. Knox politics before 1918, W. Hamish fraser local government, Clive H. Lee social welfare - poverty and health, Clive H. Lee housing, Nicholas J. WIlliams education, Sydney Wood religion, Peter Hills elite society, Iain G.C. Hutchinson leisure and culture - the 19th century, Irene Maver leisure and social change - the 20th century, Irene Maver the press, W. Hamish Fraser villages and suburbs, John S. Smith epilogue - the city and its people.


TRUE IDENTITY features Jim (vocals) and Aram (guitar) from CHAMPION together again, along with Vancouver hardcore veterans from KEEP IT CLEAR, BLUE ...


The invention relates to radiation engineering. The inventive method for irradiating objects consists in generating the pulsed ionising radiation and exposing objects to the effect thereof. Said irradiation is carried out by an electron beam or X-rays Such that said objects are subjected to the radiation treatment and sterilised. A type of radiation, treatment mode and irradiation field are selected using a set of replaceable sealed-off electron or X-ray tubes. The irradiation field is generated by one or more modules and by spatial handling of modules with respect to an irradiated object. The inven tive method is carried out with a device for irradiating an object, comprising a power Supply unit, control unit and high-voltage unit provided with a sealed-off electron or X-ray tube. The device further comprises a set of replaceable sealed-off electron and/or X-ray tubes and at least one module consisting of the high-voltage unit and a sealed-off electron and/or X-ray tube selected from the set. The body of the high-voltage unit is provided with at least one jack for fixing and replacing the sealed-off electron or X-ray tube provided with a standard mating unit.


Colonoscopy is a powerful tool for the detection and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). The impact of colonoscopy on cancer prevention derives from the removal of CRC precursors, and removal of adenomas is known to reduce CRC mortality. 1 Detection of adenomas also predicts risk of metachronous neoplasia, and patients with adenomas and serrated lesions are advised to return for surveillance colonoscopy. 2 Predictors of risk of metachronous neoplasia on surveillance include the presence of an de fi ned as an adenoma with high grade dysplasia, villous change, or size ≥ 10 mm. Compared to those with no polyps, individ-uals with an advanced adenoma or large serrated polyp have a 3 – 4-fold increased risk for CRC. 3 Assessment of polyp size is therefore routine and relevant, because assignment of conventional adenomas and serrated-class polyps into size categories of ≤ 9 and ≥ 10 mm determines recommended surveillance in guidelines 2


In the 4th industrial revolution era, the transport's role acquires a special role in organizing the functioning of large systems (production, logistics, service, etc.). Technical and technological changes (for example, the appearance of autonomous vehicles leads to a shift in emphasis and roles: the influence of the human factor is reduced and issues of increasing reliability and safety are of particular importance. Monitoring vehicle technical condition and its diagnostics are important during the operation phase, because this eliminates the possible failures causes and predicted the vehicle life cycle, as well as the define pre-failure conditions. Besides, the service organization problems are also relevant because the transport system security depends more and more on the vehicles technical condition, communications, and infrastructure facilities. The article proposes a possible solution to manage the service system by creating common information space that based on relevant information and the new analysis methods uses, can increase the transport system's efficiency and reliability as a whole. The structure of the decision support system is proposed. It includes modules for data collection, storage, data mining, decision-making and a user interface. To process the accumulated data, the use of OLAP technologies is proposed.


According to the propagation properties of ultra-wideband (UWB) signals in wireless channels, stochastic bridge processes are employed to generate stochastic rays, which are used to model propagation trajectories of UWB multipath components. The basic random variables describing the properties of channels are constructed, and then a probabilistic method for predicting the power distribution at some site in site-specific channel is established. The power distribution of UWB signals along an arbitrary path in indoor channels is calculated. The results demonstrate that the probabilistic algorithm is stable. The power distribution in some region in channels is simulated, and the effects on the prediction of the power distribution with different diversity methods are investigated. Simulation results indicate that there is not clear advantage in the all Rake mode; and if the tap number is small, there are similar results between the partial Rake mode and the selective Rake mode. Finally, the statistical characteristics of received power are analyzed, and the comparison between the probabilistic method and the conventional ray tracing method is carried out.


The invention discloses a hinge structure of a steel pier column of a portal frame platform bridge and a bearing platform and a construction method thereof. A column bottom steel plate is arranged at the bottom of the steel pier column, and a reinforced rib plate is welded between the column bottom steel plate and the steel pier column; a bearing platform embedded steel plate is arranged at the top surface of a concrete bearing platform, and the bottom surface of the bearing platform embedded steel plate is connected with a shear plate and a shear reinforcing steel bar arranged in the concrete bearing platform; movable hinge supports are arranged between the column bottom steel plate and the bearing platform embedded steel plate, each movable hinge support comprises an ear plate type upper rib plate and an ear plate type lower rib plate which are connected through a pin shaft and are arranged at interval, the ear plate type upper rib plate is connected with the column bottom steel plate through a movable hinge top plate, and the ear plate type lower rib plate is connected with the bearing platform embedded steel plate through a movable hinge soleplate. The hinge structure, provided by the invention, has the advantages of simple structure, convenience for manufacturing, reasonable stress, and capability of safely reliably transferring inner force and deformation generated by computing load for the novel portal frame platform bridge so as to reduce the height of a girder of the portal frame platform bridge structure, improve the landscape effect, and reduce the engineering investment.


OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy and tolerance of prednisone and IVIg (Tegeline®, LFB) in CIDP treatment on a one year follow up.
BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids, plasma exchanges and IVIg reduce impairment in CIDP patients on a short term period. ICE study showed IVIg efficacy over 48 weeks. Nobile-Orazio series found that IVIg for 6 months was less frequently discontinued than methylprednisolone, but after therapy discontinuation, more patients on IVIg worsened.
DESIGN/METHODS: 40 CIDP patients were randomized to receive tapering dose of prednisone (0.8 mg/kg) or a monthly course of IVIg (2g/kg) during 6 months and were followed 6 months more. The primary end point was response to treatment defined by at least one point less on the blinded INCAT score at 3 months in comparison to baseline. The secondary end points were the number of patients who recovered (INCAT upper limbs 0; lower limbs  1) at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and tolerance of treatments.
RESULTS: Five patients were excluded after randomisation and 35 (24 men and 11 women, mean age 58.1) received treatment: 17 prednisone and 18 IVIg. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were not different. After 3 months, 22/35 patients improved, 14 with IVIg and 8 with prednisone (p=0.06). Nine patients were stable, 6 under prednisone and 3 under IVIg. Three patients worsened under prednisone. IVIg was discontinued in 1 patient because of allergic reaction. At the end of the study (12 months) 7 patients recovered, 4 under IVIg and 3 under prednisone (p=0.735).Three expected SAE occurred with IVIg and one unexpected SAE with prednisone.
CONCLUSIONS: IVIg and prednisone are effective and safe in 6 month treatment of CIDP. We did not show difference between the treatments but IVIg seem to be faster and more powerful to improve patients when prednisone should have a more lasting effect.
STUDY SUPPORTED BY: LFB BIOTECHNOLOGIES Disclosure: Dr. Camdessanche has received research support from LFB Biotechnologies. Dr. Ferraud has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lagrange has nothing to disclose. Dr. Viala has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Guy Renouil has nothing to disclose. Dr. Louis Leonard has nothing to disclose. Dr. Echaniz-Laguna has received personal compensation for activities with Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Besson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bouhour has nothing to disclose. Dr. Delmont has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fromont has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gallard has nothing to disclose. Dr. Magot has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nicolas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Uzenot has nothing to disclose. Dr. Karine has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stojkovic has received personal compensation for activities with LFB. Dr. Wiertlevski has nothing to disclose. Dr. Celia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Antoine has nothing to disclose.


,†, Despite an increasing use of high-dose therapy of i.v. gammaglobulin (IVIg) in the treatment of various T cell– and Ab-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, comprehension of the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic benefit has remained a major challenge. Particularly, the effect of IVIg in T cell–mediated autoimmune conditions remains unexplored. Using an actively induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model, a T cell–mediated autoimmune condition, we demonstrate that IVIg inhibits the differentiation of naive CD4 T cells into encephalitogenic subsets (Th1 and Th17 cells) and concomitantly induces an expansion of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Further, IVIg renders effector T cells less pathogenic by decreasing the expression of encephalitogenic molecular players like GM-CSF and podoplanin. Intriguingly and contrary to the current arguments, the inhibitory Fc g RIIB is dispensable for IVIg-mediated reciprocal modulation of effector and regulatory CD4 subsets. Additionally, F(ab 9 ) 2 fragments also retained this function of IVIg. IVIg or F(ab 9 ) 2 fragments decrease the sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor on CD4 cells, thus sequestering these cells in the draining lymph nodes and decreasing their infiltration into the CNS. Our study reveals a novel role of Igs in the modulation of polarization and trafficking of T lymphocytes, accounting for the observed beneficial pathway in a K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis model. Using EAE, a T cell–mediated autoimmunity, we show that IVIg is able to inhibit Th17 and Th1 cells independent of Fc g RIIB. Additionally, increase of Treg, inhibition of GM-CSF and podoplanin, and modulation of CD4 T cell trafficking by IVIg does not require Fc g RIIB. We also re-port that F(ab 9 ) 2 fragments of IVIg retained the capacity to delay the onset of EAE and reciprocally regulate CD4 subsets similar to intact IVIg. However, exploring the role of SIGNR1 (a receptor for sialylated IgG) and a -2,6 sialylation on the Fc portion of IgG in this regulatory shift of CD4 subsets by IVIg is an interesting perspective.Further,IVIg or F(ab 9 ) 2 fragments effectively inhibited the infiltration of Th1, Th17, and Treg to CNS, which is in consensus with previous reports (13, 15). We observed an increased accu-mulation of CD4 cells in the DLN by IVIg and their concomitant decrease in circulation and the target organ. We provide mecha-nistic evidence for this interference of lymphocyte trafficking.


Storage systems rely on predicting future workload behavior for making decisions in components such as caches, block allocators, and prefetchers. However, they are often oblivious to the applications using them, and rely on features such as access frequencies or offsets. This limits the prediction accuracy they can achieve. We propose a new approach to prediction in storage systems, inspired by recent multi-task learning successes in NLP. Instead of relying on low-level features, we propose to train a machine learning model on unstructured application-level features that are already available in distributed tracing systems, widely deployed in data centers. While these features are predictive, the long-tailed, heterogeneous and dynamic nature of data center workloads means that training such models is expensive and needs to be repeated when workloads shift or the prediction task changes. We address this problem through a multi-task model that jointly learns how to perform different storage-related tasks. The aspiration is that when a new scenario is encountered, the model can be fine-tuned to the new task with a small number of samples instead of data-intensive end-to-end training. We present an instance of this approach, based on the Census distributed tracing framework and a shared multi-task Transformer model underpinning 4 task-specific models. We demonstrate that this shared model is stable over time, and can be co-trained to perform all four tasks. We believe that this approach represents a new strategy for ML in storage systems and shows that storage prediction tasks that have traditionally been treated as separate can share information.


Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities across the world and it has become a major issue for the commuters in all the cities. The delay of respective light is hardcoded in the traffic light and it is not dependent on traffic. This creates unnecessary waiting for drivers, which could not be endurable in every case, as being in time, is important to everyone. Density, speed, and flow are the three critical parameters for road traffic analysis. As the number of road Users constantly increases, and resources provided by current infrastructures are limited, the control of traffic has become a very important issue in the present. Also, one of the major problems faced by heavy traffic is by Ambulances. The aim of this project is to solve traffic congestion which is a severe problem in many modern cities all over the world. The traffic density is controlled using a microcontroller. This the system contains IR transmitter and IR receiver which are mounted on either side of roads respectively. The IR system gets activated whenever any vehicle passes on a road between IR transmitter and IR receiver. The objective for usage of IR sensor is to detect obstacles. The microcontroller controls the IR system and counts the number of vehicles passing on the road. The microcontroller also stores vehicles count in its memory. Based on different vehicles count, the microcontroller takes the decision and updates the traffic light delays as a result. It calculates the glowing time of LED according to the density of vehicles. If the density is more, LED will glow for a longer time than normal average and vice versa. It means that the timing of the traffic lights is set according to the density of the vehicles. This helps in the reduction of the traffic congestion and it has a scope for further expansion in the future. By measuring the traffic lined up on a particular road the signal timings are adjusted to let that particular way clear out and then the next populated one. It also consists of an emergency override that allows traffic authorities to remotely let go a particular signal in case an ambulance or important vehicle arrives on that way.


Based on the finite time convergence stability theory, a finite time convergent sliding-mode guidance law with terminal impact angle constraint is presented. By considering the dynamics of the acceleration autopilot of a missile as a first-order lag, the autopilot lag is designed in the guidance law. It is proved that the line-of-sight(LOS) rate can converge to zero before impact and the terminal flight path angle can meet the specified impact requirement in a finite time. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Competitive action in different arenas of management in the Finnish grocery trade 1991-2005
Jukka I. Mattila, Helsinki School of Economics
Ph.D Student since 2003-, estimated final date 2011
firstname.lastname@example.com
Organizational performance and competition constitute a paradox, which has been left unnoticed by the researchers. Organizational performance is based on
competitiveness, an abstract construct which is the connecting force of managerial action and organizational development. However, competitiveness is defined ex
ante and it is realized and made visible only in action and reaction in the markets in competition. Thus, organizational performance is a measure of ex post validity,
which has little predictive power to forthcoming tests of sustaining the demands of the future markets. Almost anything can be used as a determinant of organizational
performance. Although useful for stated purposes, both practically and theoretically, such measures in isolation do not give a clear picture of the constituents the
behavior, the competitive action in the field. (Saviotti & Krafft 2004, 2)
According to Teulings (1986), Tainio et al. (1983), managers have to deal with differing logics of action, which are dispersed into separate arenas of management.
The arenas apparently involve their own particular rules, norms basic problems, and conditions. They each represent divergent spheres, with their own logic and
condition for managerial action. The added value and competiveness of the firm is produced by different mechanisms and by different processes at the differentiated
arenas.
I propose three arenas of management as follows: 1) The institutional arena, where the management meets legislative constraints as well as other institutional forces
of the environment. 2) The capital and ownership arena in which the management meets the challenges of ownership. 3) The Business and operations arena, in which
the task of the management is to find and improve possibilities of selling goods and services. In this paper, I use the idea of managerial arenas to show how different
logics of management have dominated certain management arenas in the Finnish Grocery trade between 1991 and 2005. The data consists of 12 CEO interviews of
the 4 Finnish food retail groups. The time frame long enough to notice the changes in the context (the business environment) and in the focal companies and the
reciprocal interrelationship of the two. The analytical approach is a case study design, which has borrowed methods of historical inquiry. (Uskiden & Kieser 2004)


This study examines a special education therapeutic private school in an urban city. The purpose of this study is to look at the problems special needs students face outside of school before and after they are referred to this school. I want to find out what techniques and programs are implemented within this school that help these mentally disabled students cope with their issues and ultimately transition back into their district public schools. I interview top administrators within the school and support my data through a quantitative data analysis by Wagner et al (2005 and 2006). Ultimately, I find that the Cary Grant School has many programs in place to positively affect students socially and academically. The newest program in place is a Positive Behavioral System known as the Color System. To date, little research has been done on PBS model in private special needs schools, therefore it is necessary for more research to be done on the topic.


Main results For the long term operation (LTO) of LWRs, it is necessary to evaluate the safety and integrity of materials and components based on scientific knowledge. Meanwhile, in order to conduct research in the name of LTO, basic experimental or evaluation methods are also required. We will elucidate the degradation mechanism of reactor pressure vessels, core internals, piping and insulation cables for safe LTO by improving evaluation methods, experimental techniques and facilities.


The Costa do Sol Region, with its coastal municipalities, presents outstanding natural landscapes that interest the visitor, yet these tourist attractions, in the great majority, are part of protected natural areas. Many of these natural areas currently make up the Costa do Sol State Park, which represents a fragmented integral protection conservation unit, the first and only one created in Brazil and which is the empirical object of this work. In this sense, the overall objective of this study was to identify the importance of the Costa do Sol State Park (PECS) as a tourist product of the Costa do Sol Region and to highlight the need for environmental preservation to exploit the region's natural resources in the long term. For that, a qualitative research of descriptive character was developed. The study presents general characteristics of the management model implemented in the State Park of Costa do Sol (PECS). Next, the perceptions of the tourism managers of the municipalities that are part of the Costa do Sol State Park, in relation to the management model and the increased tourism in the Park areas, were reported. From the analysis of the PECS management model, some actions were proposed to be increased in the areas of the Park by the managing body and the municipal secretariats of tourism, aiming to promote improvements in the management of the public use of this Conservation Unit.


Background: Numerous epidemiological and experimental researches indicate that in utero exposure to some environmental chemicals and prescribed drugs during pregnancy can mediate various embryonic abnormalities and complications via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which damages cellular macromolecules. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sulfonamide-associated nephrotoxicity with possible underlying mechanisms in chicken embryo. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, one hundred fertile eggs were obtained and divided into five groups: 1) control group (without injection), 2) group injected with 2 mg sulfadiazine, 3) group injected with 10 mg sulfadiazine, 4) group injected with 30 mg sulfadiazine and 5) group injected with 70 mg sulfadiazine. After hatching, the renal tissue from the newly hatched chick was harvested for histopathologic investigation and also measurement of oxidative stress parameters [the ferric reducing capacity assay, the glutathione content (GSH) and the situation of lipid peroxidation (LPO)] by spectrophotometer. Results: Histologic examination of the renal tissue revealed that sulfadiazine induces hydropic degeneration, tubular necrosis, glomerular and tubular atrophy, formation of hyaline cast, congestion, hemorrhage, interstitial nephritis and fibrosis. Conclusions: Result showed the dose-dependent administration of sulfadiazine significantly altered the histopathologic structure of renal tissues of chickens. Furthermore, the major histopathologic events in the course of sulfadiazine cytotoxicity are renal tubule epithelial cell necrosis, interstitial nephritis and fibrosis, formation of hyaline cast and congestion and hemorrhage, although sulfadiazine at dose 30 mg and 70 mg caused perturbation in antioxidant defense system by marked increase in LPO, and decrease in GSH.


Physical properties of Dragon's head seed, and other grains, are necessary for the design of equipment handling, transporting, processing and storing of the crop. A range of physical properties of Dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica) were determined as a function of moisture content. As the moisture content increased from 7.18 to 48.46 % (d.b.), the average length, width, thickness and the geometric mean diameter varied from 4.48 to 4.97 mm, 1.69 to 1.85 mm, 1.16 to 1.35 mm and 1.97 to 2.31 mm, respectively. In the same moisture range, studies on Dragon's head showed that, sphericity, surface area, thousand seed mass and true density increased from 41.73 to 46.50 %, 12.16 to 16.79 mm 2 and 9.75 to 11.17 g and 837.2 to 1047 kg/m 3 , respectively. As the moisture content increased from 7.18 to 48.46 % (d.b.), bulk density decreased from 584.23 to 438.26 kg/m 3 whereas the angle of repose and porosity increased from 27.16 to 43.33o and 30.17 to 58.12 %, respectively. The static coefficient of friction of Dragon's head seeds increased linearly against surfaces of three structural materials, namely, glass (0.25–0.63), plywood (0.42-0.70), and galvanized iron (0.32–0.64) as the moisture content increased from 7.18 % to 48.46 % (d.b.).


We propose an effective lattice Hamiltonian for monolayer MoS${}_{2}$ in order to describe the low-energy band structure and investigate the effect of perpendicular electric and magnetic fields on its electronic structure. We derive a tight-binding model based on the hybridization of the $d$ orbitals of molybdenum and $p$ orbitals of sulfur atoms and then introduce a modified two-band continuum model of monolayer MoS${}_{2}$ by exploiting the quasidegenerate partitioning method. Our theory proves that the low-energy excitations of the system are no longer massive Dirac fermions. It reveals a difference between electron and hole masses and provides trigonal warping effects. Furthermore, we predict a valley-degeneracy-breaking effect in the Landau levels. In addition, we also show that applying a gate voltage perpendicular to the monolayer modifies the electronic structure, including the band gap and effective masses.


Based on the work of Fergola, Zhang and Cerasuolo, a bacteria-immunity model with the mechanism of periodic quorum sensing is formulated, which describes the competition between bacteria and immune cells. A discrete delay is introduced to characterise the time between when bacteria receive signal molecules and then combat with immune cells. In this paper, we focus on a subsystem of the bacteria-immunity model and investigate the existence of a positively periodic solution, and then study its global stability.


We have developed a new algorithm for determining the cross- section range of the heart from a sequence of SPECT projection images. The new algorithm provides accurate estimation of the heart range for a fully automatic myocardial perfusion SPECT processing system. The limits of the heart range are used for reconstructing transverse images for the subsequent analysis. The basis of the approach is the 1D pseudo motion analysis which has three major components, spatial feature to position mapping, knowledge-driven analysis of heart region, and heart range determination. The main advantage of the algorithm is that the processing is fully automatic regarding no user intervention and is less sensitive to the image intensity distribution comparing to other existing methods.


Five commonly imported freshwater ornamental fish: Poecilia reticulata (guppy); Xiphophorus maculatus (platy); Paracheirodon innesi (neon tetra); Paracheirodon axelrodi (cardinal tetra); and Gyrinocheilus aymonieri (sucking catfish), 361 individuals in total, were examined for parasites immediately after being released from quarantine in Australia. Ten parasites species were found: Camallanus cotti; Centrocestus formosanus; Bothriocephalus acheilognathi; Urocleidoides reticulatus; Tetrahymena corlissi; Chilodonella piscicola; Hexamita sp.; Cryptobia sp.; Chloromyxum sp.; and an unidentified larval nematode. Though shipments had come from up to five different exporting companies, parasite prevalence was uniformly high. We suggest that prior to release, fish transported internationally should be checked for high risk pathogens such as Camallanus cotti, B. acheilognathi and Centrocestus formosanus, and treated for common infections such as Hexamita sp., Cryptobia sp. T. corlissi and Chilodonella piscicola to inhibit the spread of disease and enhance the survival of the fish.


Abstract In recent decades, scholars have documented how globalisation and mobility have changed our relationship with linguistic, social and cultural norms. Yet in most educational contexts, evaluation systems still tend to support the teaching of homogeneous knowledge mastered by all, and to portray linguistic standards as key for social mobility. Drawing on qualitative interviews conducted with students on an international and multilingual higher education programme, this paper examines what the students claim they learn from a programme premised instead on the circulation of a multiplicity of norms, standards and practices. The interviews, conducted on the basis of a co-inquiry approach, suggest that the students learn to 1) deal productively and agentively with tensions, 2) rethink their positions and 3) open up to unexpected experiences when teachers support them in navigating multiple norms. In conclusion, the paper highlights how the research elucidates two kinds of norms at play in the programme, institutional and lived norms, and the relationship between them. It also reflects on the utility of discussing multilayered norms (Canagarajah 2006) openly in a globalised higher education context.


Ce(subscript 1-x)Ti(subscript x)O2 hollow nanospheres were successfully synthesized via the Kirkendall effect under solvothermal conditions, which were characterized by means of XRD, TEM and XPS. The results showed that the hollow nanospheres were 65 nm in sizes, which was smaller than that of the original CeO2 nanospheres. The Ce(subscript 1-x)Ti(subscript x)O2 hollow nanospheres were face-centered cubic structure as the same as CeO2 nanospheres. The influences of react temperature and Ti/Ce molar ratio were also discussed. The investigations indicated that high quality hollow nanospheres formed when Ti/Ce molar ratio was 8:10 at 190℃ for 8 h.


This attractively produced, extensively referenced, and well illustrated study traces Catholic education from its earliest days to the present in the area which became the Ballarat Diocese in 1874.When Victoria became a separate colony from New South Wales in 1851, it inherited a publicly funded system of denominational schools as well as a parallel system of government schools.The Catholic Diocese of Melbourne, established three years earlier, now covered the whole of the new colony. Provision of Catholic education, as for other Australian dioceses, was a priority, and, with the secularizing Victorian Public Education Act of 1872—which withdrew funding from the denominational schools—became a matter of urgency for the diocese and of resulting public conflict in the colony. Blee traces this conflict in the context of the sectarianism of the times which it exacerbated. She feels that accommodation with the government could have been negotiated and that Catholic parents, through the policy-driven retention of Catholic schools, became deprived of choice and the personal religious education of their children. However, as her later documentation indicates, Catholic parents responded with marked generosity to the hierarchy's summons to shoulder the financing of these schools.


ABSTRACT The use of animals in medical research raises ethical challenges. In light of this moral issue, this study sought to investigate and compare people's attitudes toward the use of ten animal species in medical research based on data collected from China (n = 504; men = 294, women = 210), Japan (n = 900; men = 446, women = 454), and the Netherlands (n = 506; men = 259, women = 247) using online questionnaires. We also aimed to explore the relationship between people's ethical ideology (idealism and relativism) and their attitudes toward animal use in medical research. Data were analyzed using both chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis. We found that the Chinese group showed a higher level of acceptability for using all ten animal species in medical research, as compared with the Dutch and Japanese respondents. Regarding people's attitudes toward animal-based medical research, ethical idealism was found to be a predictor for Dutch people, and ethical relativism for the Japanese group. Neither ethical idealism nor relativism showed predictive correlations with Chinese people's attitudes toward using any animal species in medical research. Significant negative correlations were found between people's acceptability for using animals in medical research and their attitudes toward animals in general, across the three countries. Our findings indicate that ethical ideologies behave differently in predicting people's attitudes toward animal-based medical research in China, Japan, and the Netherlands, which might be due to different levels of animal welfare and differing cultures between countries. In conclusion, the integration of ethical variables and social value preferences of a given society is of crucial importance in broadening people's understanding of balancing animal welfare concerns with the facilitation of scientific research.


The embodiment of the utility model discloses a grounding device of a transformer substation. The grounding device comprises: a U-shaped clamp element, a fixed flat iron screw, a grounded screw, and a butterfly-like clamp. The U-shaped clamp element includes a U-shaped clamp end and a hole-contained end; a first screw hole is arranged on a clamp branch of the U-shaped clamp end; the fixed flat iron screw is sleevedly connected to the U-shaped clamp element by the first screw hole; a second screw hole is arranged on the hole-contained end and the grounded screw is sleevedly arranged on the U-shaped clamp element by the second screw hole; one end of the grounded screw is provided with a grounded bolt for connecting a ground wire and the other end of the grounded screw is provided with screw threads for sleevedly connecting the butterfly-like clamp. According to the grounding device provided by the utility model, damages of the grounded flat iron and the ground wire can be avoided and a problem of ground wire matching can be solved.


This paper analyses how the Canadian experience of class actions could contribute to the improvement of access to justice in Latin American, in a scene that damages are no longer restricted to state borders. For that, the text clarifies the concept of transnational class actions and how they could improve the prevention and reparation of damages that are no longer restricted to state borders. Then, based on the Canadian experience, that are different models of class actions, proposals are made for the admissibility and enforcement of transnational class actions in Latin American context. Keywords: Transnational class actions; Latin America; Canada.


not only for its complex structure but also for its photochemical roll in the production of food that sustains all living things on this planet. Isolation and structure elucidation work began during the end of nineteenth century. This monumental activity that started with Willstätter, culminated in elucidation of the complete structure for Chlorophyll 'a' only by the middle of twentieth century. Most of these outstanding works, stretched over half a century, took place when modern organic chemistry was at its infancy. The synthesis of Chlorophyll 'a' by R. B. Woodward1 is acclaimed was an outstanding achievement in organic synthesis and ranks amongst the shinning gems in synthesis. The preliminary analysis for the synthesis, the persistent planned attach on this complex, delicate chemistry by his school and the logic of the famous Woodwardian approach are all good lessons for any discerning student of Organic Synthesis.