H capillariasis is a neglected, but serious, hepatic disease with a worldwide distribution caused by the nematode Calodium hepaticum. The nematode has a monoxenous life cycle and can infect any mammalian liver but mainly affects rodents, while humans are an accidental host. Infection occurs after ingestion of embryonated eggs from contaminated soil. The larvae hatch in the intestine, migrate, mature, and mate in the liver parenchyma, with hundreds unembryonated eggs laid. The eggs remain viable in the liver and are released into the environment after death of the host. In the soil, the eggs reach the infective stage. Poor sanitation and living conditions predispose to infection. There is a higher incidence in children attributable to higher soil-to-hand-to-mouth contact. Pica is an additional risk, particularly when presenting as geophagia. A 3-year-old Afghan girl born in Belgium and living in an asylum seeker center was referred for persistent high fever and abdominal pain. A history of pica was present. Pallor, weakness, and hepatomegaly were observed on clinical examination. Blood tests revealed elevated C-reactive protein (151 mg/L), ALT (360 IU/L), AST (207 IU/L), IgM levels (13.05 g/L), microcytic anemia (8.3 g/dL), and eosinophilia (12,750/μL). Stool cultures were negative. Abdominal ultrasound examination showed hepatosplenomegaly with ascites. FibroScan revealed minor fibrosis with a stage F1. Serology for Fasciola hepatica and Toxocara canis was positive. Liver biopsy revealed adult nematodes and eggs. The child was treated with triclabendazole (10 mg/kg/day) for 2 days then albendazole (50 mg/kg/day) and methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) for 5 days. She responded well. Twenty days after treatment, she presented with a relapse. A review of the liver biopsy identified the diagnostic features of C. hepaticum (Fig. 1). This diagnosis was confirmed by PCR on the liver tissue. The positive Fasciola and Toxocara serologic tests were determined to be cross-reactions. Albendazole course was continued for 100 days (25 mg/kg/day) and corticosteroids (1 mg/kg/day) for 50 days followed by degressive weaning with positive clinical and biological response. The clinical presentation of hepatic capillariasis is nonspecific. Prolonged fever, anemia, hepatomegaly, eosinophilia, hyperglobulinaemia and elevated levels of liver enzymes are usually present.1,2,5 Clinical, biochemical and radiological correlation may assist in diagnosis but definitive diagnosis requires liver biopsy. The parasite and its eggs are undetectable in feces. Serological detection of antibodies to C. hepaticum may be useful but is limited by antigen availability and the absence of a commercially available test. Antibodies to C. hepaticum can cross-react in serological tests for Toxocara, Schistosoma, and Dirofilaria immitis. Clinical prognosis is defined by the intensity of infestation and ranges from mild to severe or fatal. Survival rates increases with early diagnosis. Treatment consists of a combination of corticosteroids and anthelmintics. Hepatic capillariasis is rare, but should be taken into account in a child presenting with persistent fever, hepatomegaly and eosinophilia. Currently, biopsy remains the cornerstone of diagnosis. The development of serological tests would be beneficial to early diagnosis and treatment, which improves prognosis.


This paper argues that for religion, social inclusion is not certain once gained, but needs to be constantly renegotiated in response to continued challenges, even for mainstream religious organisations such as the Catholic Church. The paper will analyse the Catholic Church's involvement in the Australian public sphere, and after a brief overview of the history of Catholicism's struggle for equal status in Australia, will consider its response to recent challenges to maintain its position of inclusion and relevance in Australian society. This will include an examination of its handling of sexual abuse allegations brought forward by the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, and its attempts to promote its vision of ethics and morals in the face of calls for marriage equality and other social issues in a society of greater religious diversity.


: According to the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory of colloid stability, the balance of the van der Waals attraction and the electrostatic repulsion acting between colloidal particles determines the stability of their suspensions. The DLVO theory can be applied to hard particles with no surface structures. Biocolloidal particles such as cells, on the other hand, are not simple hard particles but can be modeled as soft particles, i.e., hard particles covered with a surface layer of poly-electrolytes. In this review article, we start with the traditional DLVO theory and then discuss a new theory of interactions between soft particles, which can be applied to the interaction of biocolloidal particles.


A research aiming at the motions and mooring line tensions of the world largest 26.6×104m3 liquefied natural gas(LNG)carrier was carried out using the way of different berth lengths and mooring styles in a physical model test.Accordingly,A Berth Length Optimization Plan was put forward focuses on reducing vessel movements and averaging line tensions distribution after analyzing different berth lengths schemes,which strongly provides reasonable and scientific basis for the project designing.


Abstract 1. Explanations for web relocation invoking optimal foraging require reliable differentiation between individual sites and overall habitat quality. We characterised natural conditions of resource variability over 20 days in artificial webs of the orb‐web spider Gasteracantha fornicata to examine this requirement.


In the work, 6 PbO-4 BaO-20 Na2O-40 Nb2O5-30 SiO2 glass-ceramic plates with large size were successfully fabricated. The sizes of glass ceramic dielectrics are 100 mm×100 mm×4 mm and the corresponding capacitances is 4.5 nF. Charge-discharge properties of glass-ceramic capacitors were investigated by measuring their hysteresis loops and pulsed discharge current-time curves with different RLC load and discharged voltages. The results show that the glass ceramic capacitors have high discharge energy efficiency at high electric field. The discharged energy efficiency is 92% calculated from P-E curves under 15kV/mm. Moreover, for the capacitor with the capacitance of 4.5 nF, over 73% of stored energy was released within 200 ns under 11.25 kV/mm. The glass-ceramic capacitors are very promising for pulsed power applications.


We have achieved electrically-pumped lasing at room temperature in microresonators 1.5-5 μm in diameter on a 3×8 mm2 chip which contains several hundred thousand lasers. Yield on the chip is very high and the reliability is sufficient to allow a portable demonstration to be scheduled. The microlasers (μlasers) have an active medium containing three quantum wells of 80 Å Ing0.2Ga0.8As with 100 Å GaAs barriers. The smallest lasers thus have active material volumes <0.05 μm3. The mirrors were GaAs/AlAs quarter-wave stacks with 20.5 pairs on the bottom n-doped and 12 pairs, p-doped, on top. Additionally the top mirror had a fraction of a quarter wave AlAs, 30 Å δ-doped GaAs, and was capped by 1500 Å Au. The semiconductor heterostructure was grown by molecular beam epitaxy, and chemically assisted ion beam etching etched through the Au cap and the >5 μm heterostructure. Our setup uses white light to illuminate the etched side of the μlaser array which is imaged onto a CCD camera and displayed on a TV monitor. The shadow of an electrical probe tip used to activate the lasers is also viewed and when the top of a μlaser is contacted, its bright output is clearly seen. Translating the μlaser array underneath the probe tip allows us to "yield test" several dozen lasers in a few seconds. Lasers from all regions of the chip appear to operate quite uniformly. The number of lasers on the chip are sufficiently large to allow us to demonstrate destructive overdrive of some of the lasers without concern of running out of them. On another chip with similar μlasers we show CW operation.


Author(s): Govind, Arathi | Advisor(s): Roberts, T. Carlis | Abstract: This dissertation concerns four well known South Asian American musicians based in New YorkCity and the San Francisco Bay Area: Vijay Iyer, Sunny Jain, Rekha Malhotra (DJ Rekha), andRupa Marya. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted from 2016-2017, supported by aMargery Lowens Dissertation Fellowship from the Society for American Music and a grant fromthe Center for Race and Gender at UC Berkeley. My work, which included conductinginterviews, archival research, and attending numerous concerts, rallies, and protests, investigateshow the four central artists use their work in music as a means to further aims of achieving racialequity. Ultimately, I argue that contemporary racialization of brown people, particularly in thepost-9/11 and Trump Era United States, has led to increased involvement in racial justiceadvocacy work among South Asian American musicians.In the first chapter of my dissertation, I use Howard Becker's theory on art worlds and BenedictAnderson's idea of imagined communities as starting points to show how political solidarities, asdefined by Sally Scholz, create and constitute activist networks among these musicians. Each ofthe central chapters concerns one of the artists, highlighting how their musical practice advancesracial justice causes. My chapter on Iyer shows how he uses his privileged status to re-orient hisprimarily White audiences' attention toward structural racism in public concerts, interviews, andlectures. My chapter on Sunny Jain highlights how his seemingly utopic musical and politicalideals emanate from the religious Jain concept of anekantavada ("pluralism"). In the thirdchapter, on Malhotra (DJ Rekha), I show how Basement Bhangra, a party she organized monthlyfrom 1997-2017, served as a space to fundraise and organize for progressive political causes.Finally, I look at Rupa Marya's simultaneous careers as a physician and musician as extensionsof her work as a healer and anti-capitalist. Throughout the chapters, I examine how these artists'left-leaning music networks overlap, maintaining that these connections have as much to do withtheir politics as their shared cultural heritage.


The paper presents a Smalltalk-80 framework dedicated to an operational simulation and evaluation of prototype-based languages. Its principle could be applied to the comparison of any set of similar languages. The ability to reuse code is widely used and the framework architecture makes it possible to implement very easily an object model and an evaluator for a new language by deriving and extending classes representing other similar languages. Prototype-based languages are currently proposed as a substitute to class-based languages for a higher flexibility in manipulating objects. These languages all revolve around the same basic ideas : object-centered representation, dynamic addition of behavior and slots, cloning operations and a message delegation mechanism. As for any emerging technology, existing languages propose variations on the main concepts. Our framework includes a taxonomy of interpreters for the widely known prototype-based languages. Basic classes implement some "minimal" kernel languages and alternative models such as Self, Act1, ObjectLisp and Actra's examplars are derived from them


Based on whether the Chinese and the U.S. interest rates and exchange rate agreeing with covered interest rate parity theory or not, granger causality test and co-integration test were utilized to analyze Chinese and the U.S. interest rates and exchange rate from the perspectives of the relation and the transmission mechanism of them. The research found that, without regard to institution and economic environment factors, the interest rate parity theory was nearly tenable; when the effects of the institution and economic environment factors was comparatively strong, interest rates of China and the USA influenced each other directly. Otherwise, they influenced each other by exchange rate. Finally, conclusions and policy suggestions were pointed out.


Gurdwaras have a pivotal position in the religious, social and political life of the Sikhs. Gurdwaras have also played a vital role in shaping the course of events of the Sikh history and in the development of the Sikh religious tradition since 1469. The important Gurdwaras were built at sites associated with important incidents in the lives of the Gurus or at places which are important milestones in Sikh history; or they have been erected in memory of the martyrs who gave up their lives in defence of their faith during the long period of persecution to which the Sikhs were subjected. Historically, Gurdwara succeeded Dharmsal. Guru Arjan had compiled pothi or granth (later Guru Granth Sahib) of holy hymns in 1604, the Dharmsal where these pothis were placed was therefore considered as the Guru's abode, Gurdwara. Architecturally Gurdwaras have evolved from a simple single room structure to magnificent structures with elaborate detailing and decoration. This paper tries to trace the architectural evolution of Gurdwaras over a period of time.


In this paper, a new SFP based on protocol 802.3ab are discussed. First, the paper described the design rules of 1000 Base-T SFP from the aspects of circuitry design, PCB design and EMC design. Following the design rules, we fabricated high performance 1000Base-T SFP which can transmit the signal of 1 000 Mbit/s over the Category 5 cable up to 180 meters in full duplex transmission mode, and has 10/100/1 000 Mbit/s adaptive ability.


Flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) tests on carbon steel in boiler feed water of power plants were carried out. The FAC of carbon steel was remarkably inhibited by adding film forming amines of Dodecylamine (DDA) and Octadecylamine (ODA) into the boiler water. Furthermore, the FAC inhibition mechanism of the film forming amines was investigated by polarization tests and zeta potential measurements. It was suggested that the film forming amines adsorbed on the steel surface and on the oxide film formed, inhibiting the corrosion reactions on the steel and protecting the oxide film, thereby the FAC was inhibited.


..................................................................................................... iv DEDICATION ...................................................................................................v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................... vi CHAPTER ....................................................................................................... 1 Non-Traditional Therapeutic Interventions for At-risk Youth & Students with Complex Support Needs: Equine Therapy .......................................... 1 Historical Perspective ................................................................................ 4 Statement of the Problem ........................................................................ 11 Purpose ................................................................................................... 12 Justification for the Study ....................................................................... 16 Non-traditional Therapeutic Interventions—Why Use Other Types of Therapy At All? .................................................................................................................. 19 Anticipated Limitations of this Study & Therapeutic Approach ........................ 21 Research Questions................................................................................. 23 Interview Questions ................................................................................. 23 Definition of Terms .................................................................................. 24 Theoretical and Conceptual Framework: Significance of the Study .................. 26 CHAPTER 2................................................................................................... 28 Literature Review .................................................................................... 28 Human-Animal Bond .............................................................................. 30 Children & Animal Bond ......................................................................... 34 Horse & Human Connection .................................................................... 38 Equine Therapy ....................................................................................... 39 CHAPTER 3................................................................................................... 46


Background — The development of systemic inflammation is a key pathogenetic mechanism in progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fatty acids (FAs) and their oxidized derivatives serve as essential regulators of inflammation. The relationship between systemic inflammation and FA metabolism in COPD is poorly understood. In our research, we focused on examining the FA composition of the leukocyte membrane in COPD and the FA metabolism in association with systemic inflammation. Objective — We examined 137 patients with mild, moderate, or severe COPD. The control group comprised 32 healthy non-smokers. Methods — Blood cytokines and immune cell subpopulations were evaluated by flow cytometry. The FA composition of the leukocyte membranes was analyzed by gas chromatography. The concentrations of eicosanoids (thromboxane B2 (TXB2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4)) in plasma were measured by ELISA. Results — Our results implied systemic inflammation in all patients with COPD. The analysis of the FA composition of leukocyte membrane demonstrated increased level of saturated FAs and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), along with reduced levels of monounsaturated FAs and n-3 PUFAs, in patients with COPD. The TXB2 and LTB4 content was increasing in COPD patients. We established a significant correlation with n-6 PUFAs, immune cells, and cytokines, which was indicative of an important role of FAs in the progress of systemic inflammation in COPD. Conclusion — Thus, FA modification of immune cells in patients with chronic pathologies of the bronchopulmonary system leads not only to disruption of the cell membrane structure, but also to the pathology of immune response regulation, and contributes to the development of the inflammatory process. The latter is a decisive factor in the pathogenesis of COPD.


ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) is the world's largest ground-based facility for observations in the millimeter/submillimeter regime. One of ALMA's outstanding characteristics is the large effort dedicated to the quality assurance (QA) of the calibrated and imaged data products offered to the astronomical community. The Data Management Group (DMG), in charge of the data processing, review, and delivery of the ALMA data, consists of approximately 60 experts in data reduction, from the ALMA Regional Centers (ARCs) and the Joint ALMA Observatory (JAO), distributed in fourteen countries. With a throughput of more than 3,000 datasets per year, meeting the goal of delivering the pipeline-able data products within 30 days after data acquisition is a huge challenge. This paper presents (a) the history of data processing at ALMA, (b) the challenges our team had and is still facing, (c) the methodology followed to mitigate the operational risks, (d) the ongoing optimization initiatives, (e) the current data processing status, (f) the strategy which is being followed so that, in a few Cycles from now, a team of approximately 10 data reducers (DRs) at JAO can process and review some 80% of the datasets collected during an observing cycle, and, finally, (g) the important role of the ARCs for processing the remaining datasets.


A new compressive spectral video system is proposed to obtain a four dimensional (4D) spectral and temporal image signal. Coded aperture and spectral LEDs are introduced to give spatial and spectral modulations. We experimentally verified the 4D reconstruction performance of this proposed imager.


Faced with the rivalry of the powers of the East and West for world domination, the way is opened to understand what are the interacting factors that determine the competitive advantages of both blocs in the race to achieve technological supremacy. The debate on how business strategies have been generated in East and West has been part of different interpretations, an analysis of the competitive advantages and disadvantages of both versions from the second post-war period and the different scenarios for which it has been necessary transited the cold war in international competition.


Background. The problem of inclusion of a foreign cultural element into another national art space is of great scientific interest, particularly William Shakespeare's artistic heritage into the German culture. The purpose of the study is to analyze the Shakespearean characters, themes, motifs in the German novel of the XX century. Materials and methods. The subject of research is the features of reception of the Shakespearean drama and reconstruction of the German character of Hamlet. The main research method is the comparative method in combination with the complex descriptive text analysis. Results. In the analysis of the text there were found several types of reception of Shakespeare: citation of Shakespeare's text, allusions to the tragedy «Hamlet», the characters identified with the Shakespeare's character, Hamlet's motives and situations. Hamlet situations are the starting point in development of the plot. Conclusions. The research showed that Hamlet situations and self-identification of the protagonist with the image of Hamlet are used to transmit the feeling of guilt in the dehumanized world. Rejection of Hamletism symbolizes atonement and the turn to humanism.


Objective: To evaluate the value of dual-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)to the diagnosis of sex chromosome abnormality. Methods: (-satellits DNA probe of X、Y chromosome were used to FISH with blood samples from 29 patients who were suspected having sex chromosome abnormality by conventional cytogenetics. Results: The karyotypes 45,X(10)、45,X/46,XX(2)、45,X/46,Xr(X)(1)、47,XXY(13)、47,XYY(2)and 47,XXX(1) were detected by dual-colour FISH. Conclusion Dual-colour FISH can precisely and rapidly detect the sex chromosome abnormalityies. Thus it is a necessary complement to the conventional cytogenetics.


Enterprise information retrieval is quite challenging than web based information retrieval due to retrieval from heterogeneous distributed data sources and need for higher accuracy in retrieval [17]. In our earlier work, collaborative fusion guided by active feedback is proposed for information retrieval in enterprise environment. Applying three dimensions of user similarity, user-document search history and document similarity, collaborative information fusion based retrieval was proposed in that work However the work did not consider enforcing fine grained access control on the retrieval which is very important requirement in enterprise environment. In this work, fine grained access controlled information retrieval on enterprise environment, with zero leakage assurance thorough direct or inference is proposed. Fine grained access control is ensured with help of CP-ABE. Concept masking is done with CP-ABE and unmasked when user satisfies the query access right criteria.


Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Diagnosing cancer early on can save many lives. Pathologists have to look at tissue microarray (TMA) images manually to identify tumors, which can be time-consuming, inconsistent and subjective. Existing algorithms that automatically detect tumors have either not achieved the accuracy level of a pathologist or require substantial human involvements. A major challenge is that TMA images with different shapes, sizes, and locations can have the same score. Learning staining patterns in TMA images requires a huge number of images, which are severely limited due to privacy concerns and regulations in medical organizations. TMA images from different cancer types may have common characteristics that could provide valuable information, but using them directly harms the accuracy. By selective transfer learning from multiple small auxiliary sets, the proposed algorithm is able to extract knowledge from tissue images showing a ``similar"scoring pattern but with different cancer types. Remarkably, transfer learning has made it possible for the algorithm to break the critical accuracy barrier -- the proposed algorithm reports an accuracy of 75.9% on breast cancer TMA images from the Stanford Tissue Microarray Database, achieving the 75\% accuracy level of pathologists. This will allow pathologists to confidently use automatic algorithms to assist them in recognizing tumors consistently with a higher accuracy in real time.


This paper considers a numerical assessment of the self-propulsion performance of a damaged ferry carrying cars in irregular waves. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations were performed to see whether the ferry complied with the Safe Return to Port (SRtP) regulations of Lloyd's register, which require that damaged passenger ships should be able to return to port with a speed of 6 knots (3.09 m/s) in Beaufort 8 sea conditions. Two situations were considered for the damaged conditions, i.e., 1) the portside propeller was blocked but the engine room was not flooded and 2) the portside propeller was blocked and one engine room was flooded. The self-propulsion results for the car ferry in intact condition and in the damaged conditions were assessed as follows. First, we validated that the portside propeller was blocked in calm water based on the available experimental results provided by KRISO. The active thrust of starboard propeller with the portside propeller blocked was calculated in Beaufort 8 sea conditions, and the results were compared with the experimental results provided by MARIN, and there was reasonable agreement. The thrust provided by the propeller and the brake horsepower (BHP) with one engine room flooded were compared with the values when the engine room was not flooded. The numerical results were compared with the maximum thrust of the propeller and the maximum brake horse power of the engine to determine whether the damaged car ferry could attain a speed of 6 knots(3.09 m/s). Received 30 November 2018, revised 2 January 2019, accepted 14 January 2019 Corresponding author Il-Ryong Park: +82-51-890-2595, email@example.com ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-5716 c 2019, The Korean Society of Ocean Engineers This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution non-commercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


This paper presents the findings from a study evaluating sustainable freight distribution in Dublin City Centre with a particular focus on Urban Distribution Centres (UDCs) and managing the last mile of deliveries. A survey of city centre organisations is described and relevant delivery patterns (origins, destination, types of goods delivered) are compared to those contained in a previous feasibility analysis in order to ascertain UDC opportunities in Dublin. A real-life commercial example of a UDC is also described. Ireland's largest grocery distributor operates this UDC. The operational efficiencies and the wider benefits of the UDC are described in the paper. In addition, a commercial example of managing the last mile of deliveries through a city centre delivery platform is detailed. The delivery platform is managed by a leading logistics service provider. TRB 2005 Annual Meeting CD-ROM Paper revised from original submittal. Finnegan, Finlay, O'Mahony and O'Sullivan 3 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to document some of the main findings of a freight distribution study in Dublin City Centre. The motivation behind the study lies in a desire to provide a long-term sustainable solution for freight deliveries in the city. The paper outlines the results of a survey of deliveries to organisations in Dublin City Centre and discusses the suitability of Urban Distribution Centres (UDCs) as a delivery management policy for the city. The results of the delivery survey will be compared with results from a previous feasibility survey (1) in order to identify similar trends in delivery patterns. Of particular interest are the origins of the deliveries and the types of goods transported. This information may help to identify locations for possible UDCs and also clarify the type of goods that may be suited to the centres. The focus on UDCs as a possible strategy for managing deliveries is largely due to the continued interest in the UDC concept over the past number of years. This may be attributed to a number of factors (2): 1. Awareness on behalf of local planners and policy makers that innovative and perhaps radical solutions to freight distribution are needed to cope with chronic city centre congestion 2. Established transport and distribution operators striving to obtain competitive advantage through new and improved freight consolidation and urban delivery operations 3. Heightened awareness of the environmental problems linked to road freight transport resulting in pedestrianisation schemes, time bans on deliveries and weight restrictions on lorries in towns and cities, all of which support the case for trans-shipment before final delivery 4. The increased popularity of co-operation and partnerships along the supply chain, for example between retailers and major contract distribution companies. This paper commences with a description of the survey of deliveries to Dublin City Centre. Findings from the survey are described along with a description of a planned distribution centre by Ireland's largest grocery distributor. Finally, a case study of a delivery platform in the city centre dealing with parcel and post deliveries is provided. DUBLIN CITY CENTRE DELIVERY SURVEY The survey of businesses in the city centre is the follow-up data collection exercise to the pilot survey described in (1) and forms the primary source of freight related data for the freight distribution study. In order to maximise survey response, it was decided to request businesses to complete a delivery diary for a typical delivery day. The delivery diary can be viewed in Figure 1. As a starting point, members of a trade association, the Dublin City Centre Business Association (DCCBA) were surveyed. The DCCBA represents a number of business sectors including property, finance, catering, tourism, retail and other general service businesses. Members of the DCCBA constitute the major commercial interests in Dublin City Centre. 175 DCCBA members received survey diaries and in total 21 survey forms were returned. Therefore an initial response rate of 12% was achieved. With membership of over 700, many of which are located in the city centre, the Licensed Vintners' Association (LVA) provided an opportunity to survey the delivery patterns of bars in Dublin City Centre. For the purpose of the survey 73 survey forms were posted out to LVA members (approximately 10% of total TRB 2005 Annual Meeting CD-ROM Paper revised from original submittal. Finnegan, Finlay, O'Mahony and O'Sullivan 4 membership). 16 responses were received from LVA members amounting to a response rate of almost 22%. Two further postal surveys of additional trade associations produced an aggregated response rate of 10%. In the light of the response rates to the postal surveys, it was decided to personally distribute survey forms to businesses on predetermined streets. These streets constitute the primary shopping streets in Dublin City Centre and include: Dawson Street, Nassau Street, Suffolk Street, Dame Street, Kildare Street, Westmoreland Street, Aston Quay, Ormond Quay, Middle/Lower Abbey Street and Henry Street This survey approach was useful from the perspective that helpful feedback and comments made by personnel in the shops surveyed were noted along with the data that was collected. Comments made related to companies' reactions to restrictions in place for delivery times. Also, a number of comments focused on the number of loading bays available close to the premises. Numerous businesses pointed to the fact that deliveries are often forced to park on street because loading bays are often illegally occupied. In total the survey captured 906 individual deliveries. Businesses were categorised into 12 distinct categories. The breakdown of the number of deliveries to each category can be seen in Table 1. Survey Results With regard to the nature of delivery vehicle usage, it was found that vans were the most prevalent type of vehicle used, accounting for approximately 55% of all deliveries. Trucks accounted for 40% of the total, while cars and motorcycles only accounted for 6%. The number of trucks captured in the survey (354 in total) is a cause for concern from an accessibility perspective and also from an environmental viewpoint. It highlights the need for more novel delivery solutions for Dublin to minimise the effects of large vehicles on the streets of the city. The average number of miles travelled from supplier to business destination was calculated as 13.65. However, this varied from business to business, for example the average distance for deliveries to pharmaceutical businesses, restaurants and bars was 10.39, 18.45 and 9.39 respectively. The average dwell time for deliveries was 14 minutes while in the pilot survey the average dwell time was 23 minutes. Frequency of deliveries is analysed firstly according to time of day. Figure 2 shows the number of deliveries arriving each hour. The busiest period for deliveries occurs between 9am and 12pm. The number of deliveries peaks between 10-11am with 16% of the total arriving during this time. Only 2% of deliveries occurred between 5pm and 11pm. Frequency of deliveries was also analysed according to geographical area. Delivery origin locations were categorised according to the Dublin Transportation Office (DTO) coarse zone transport modelling system, which contains 21 zones, as shown in Figure 3. Table 2 shows that the top six delivery generating areas are the south west of the city (zone 6), the city centre (zone 1), outside of Ireland, south Dublin (zone 12), the north west of the city (zone 4) and outside of the Greater Dublin Area (GDA) (GDA includes the counties of Dublin, Kildare, Louth, Meath and Wicklow). For the purposes of comparison, it is useful to note that in the pilot feasibility survey, the top six delivery generating zones were Zone 1, Zone 6, Zone 12 and Zone 14. Therefore Zones 1, 6 and 12 are common to both the pilot survey and the overall business survey indicating a strong level of origin generation in these areas. Having analysed the frequency of deliveries from zones, the next step in the survey analysis was to examine whether certain categories of goods could be linked to certain zones. Table 3 shows the proportion of goods originating in the six high delivery-generating zones. TRB 2005 Annual Meeting CD-ROM Paper revised from original submittal. Finnegan, Finlay, O'Mahony and O'Sullivan 5 Although food/beverages feature strongly in all of the zones, there are a number of instances of other goods categories that are prominent in particular zones. These include: • Alcohol in zones 1, 6 and 21 • Pharmaceuticals/Cosmetics in zone 12 • Stationary/Books/Newspapers in all six zones • Household/Hardware Goods in zone 21 and outside Ireland • Clothing/Shoes in zone 21 and outside Ireland In terms of the packaging used for deliveries, boxes were found to be the most common type used (53%). In approximately 10% of cases, no packaging was used and the goods were delivered loose. Pallets were used in a further 10% of cases, while parcels, kegs and cartons accounted for 7% 6% and 6% respectively. Various other forms of packaging were used in the remainder of deliveries. Earlier analysis of the packaging used in the pilot survey indicated a correlation coefficient of –0.126 between the type of packaging and the type of goods. This coefficient indicated a very weak relationship between the two variables. When the same correlation exercise was carried out for the overall survey (again using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient as a measurement), a correlation coefficient of 0.224 was obtained. Although still a relatively low figure, it points to a very mild relationship between the variables. The coefficient of determination (COD) is an indication of how far variation in one variable is accounted for by the other variable. In the case of the overall survey, a coefficient of determination of 5% was obtained. In the


Most existing wearable displays for augmented reality (AR) have only one fixed focal plane and hence suffer from vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC). In contrast, light field displays allow users to accurately focus at any depth free of VAC. This paper presents a series of text-based visual search tasks to systematically and quantitatively compare a near-eye light field display with a conventional AR display, specifically in regards to how participants wearing such displays would perform in a virtual-real integration task. Participant performance is evaluated by the speed and accuracy they can complete a trial. The results show that the light field AR glasses lead to significantly higher user performance than the conventional AR glasses. In addition, 80% of the participants prefer the light field AR glasses over the conventional AR glasses.


This paper presents ART-SHT (Sculptural HyperText), a tool we have developed that supports sculptural authoring. We face more and more such tasks, as Web-based scholarly authoring, where one first needs to understand relationships among a large number of collected pieces of information, which are potentially connected to one another, and to add modify, or replace them by creating new information pieces or further retrieving related information pieces from a wide variety of resources. Inspired by the notion of sculptural hypertext, we view this type of task sculptural authoring. ART-SHT integrates spatial hypertext with hierarchy browsing. The 3-column view technique of a filesystem browsing tool (ART-FSB) we have developed is used to specify inbound and outbound links with a focused node. The space view technique of ART#001, a spatial hypertext tool we have developed for early stages of writing, is used to represent relationships among the existing nodes. In ART-SHT, explicitly created links in the 3-column view are represented with straight lines connecting nodes in the space. A scenario derived from the actual usage of ART-SHT illustrates essential aspects of the system.


Real property valuation can be defined as combining and processing the factors affecting the value and, on the basis of the processed data, determining unit value according to market conditions. Real property valuation is a wide subject with many different aspects due to various factors affecting the value. Accurate determination of real property value and accurate estimation of taxes on property are among the most important economic pillars of the society. Furthermore, accurate determination of value of public property allows for generation of sources which provide more income to the national economy. It is also important to determine public property value accurately not only for selling but also for the purposes of renting, easement acquisition and payment of damages for unlawful occupation. Advances in information technology have led to improvements in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) which have been used for realestate valuation purposes. GIS has been gaining more significance, since data bases created for realestate valuation are location based and also there is the necessity to analyse a large number of factors. This study examined realestate valuation and focused on newly developed GIS aided methods. One of these methods, Nominal Valuation was used to create real property value map of the town of Afyonkarahisar. Inaddition another valuation method AHP was used and results compared. Keywords :GIS, Real Property Valuation, Value Maps, Nominal, AHP


Summary The growth of 120 Friesian heifers born into one herd over a period of 12 years was studied for the period from 6 months of age to calving at about 30–35 months of age. Live weights were recorded weekly and rates of live-weight gain were calculated for each 3-month period for each animal. Δt 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age the heifers weighed 360, 590, 800 and 950 lb. The coefficients of variation of live weight did not vary with age and averaged ±10·0%. Coefficients of variation of live-weight gain increased from ± 20% at 6–9 months of age to ±60% at 24–27 months of age. Growth rate declined by 0·02 lb/day from 12 months to 30 months of age for animals under constant managerial conditions. Heifers wintered indoors grew faster than those wintered outdoors. The growth of younger animals was decreased more by outdoor wintering (a reduction of 0·6 lb/day at 15 months) than was the growth rate of older animals (a reduction of 0·3 lb/day at 21 months of age). When live-weight gain was low in winter there was marked compensatory growth at grass the following summer. Pregnant heifers grew 0·1 lb/day faster in early pregnancy and 0·6 lb/day faster in the last 4 months of pregnancy than did barren heifers. There was no appreciable difference between the live-weight gain of spring- and autumn-born heifers. With an autumn calving policy spring-born heifers were served and conceived 135 days earlier and weighed 106 lb less at calving than did autumn-born heifers. There was little difference in the milk yield of the two groups in 305 days of the first lactation. The regression equation of live weight (lb) on age (months) to 3rd calving was W = 1449 – 2027 e-0·042t. It was concluded that in the interests of economic rearing the dairy farmer could with advantage exercise greater control of the relationship between nutrition and growth during high cost winter periods and low cost summer periods.


The growing revolution in wind energy encourages for more accurate models for wind speed forecasting and wind power generation prediction. This paper presents a new technique for wind speed forecasting based on using a time series model relating the predicted interval to its corresponding one and two year old data. A set of data that extends to 72 hours is used in investigating the accuracy of the model for predicting wind speeds up 24 hours ahead. Obtained results, form the proposed model, are compared with their corresponding values generated when using the persistence model. The presented results validate the effectiveness of the new prediction models for wind speed


Based on ARM11 processor S3C6410 and internet of things technology, this paper constructs an embedded laboratory monitoring system. A USB camera and various kinds of sensors are used to get environment parameters and response to abnormal conditions. This system mainly constructs the hard-ware platform based on S3C6410 processor, including the video module, the IR module, the fire warning module and so on. A client and a server side are designed for system software. The visual graphic interface of client side makes users be able to check labs in real time conveniently and intuitively. Meanwhile, users can set underlying parameters according to their actual demand. The server side is in charge of collecting environmental data generated by the video monitor and sensors. And then, the server will complete the task about analyzing, disposing and storing those information in real time.


We propose a novel scheme to generate return-to-zero differential phase-shift keyed (RZ-DPSK) and carrier-suppressed RZ-DPSK (CSRZ-DPSK) formats based on the differential Mach-Zehnder modulator (DMZM), which can adjust the operating point of the modulator and control chirp conditions easily. It is more cost-effective due to its simple configuration.


Meander-type structures have become very useful in modern microwave devices and have the following advantages: compactness, light weight, high bandwidth. These structures are used in antennas, delay lines, filters and allow to reduce the size of the device while keeping the same frequency characteristics. This paper reviews the different applications, structures and modeling methods of the meander-type structures.


In this paper, we are interested in compactly coding hyperspectral images for applications requiring a progressive and exact reconstruction. For this purpose, a two-step procedure is envisaged. Firstly, a spectral clustering of the whole data set is carried out. Then, within each spectral cluster, a band-ordering of the images is operated and the spectral and spatial similarities are simultaneously taken into account through an extended version of a lifting-based decomposition scheme. Our contribution relies on coupling these two steps and in optimizing the band-ordering procedure.


e13612Background: The observed increase in the incidence rate of BC has been described due, in part, to higher, effective public health campaigns for screening, higher sensitivity among diagnostic ...


a NSW Agriculture, Pasture Research Unit, PO Box 63 Ber b NSW c Department of Agriculture Victoria, Pyke St Bairnsdale 3875 d Department of Agriculture Victoria, Warragul District Centre, 70 Smith St Warragul 3820 e CSIRO, Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures, Cunningham Laboratory, Carmody Rd St Lucia 4067 f CSIRO, Division of Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra 2601 g N h NSW Agriculture, Research and Advisory Station, Grafton 2460


Arguments presented in this paper and the evidence from the Tasmanian Successful School Principals Project support broadening what counts for successful schools and school leadership. This broadening needs to embrace student outcomes, including non-cognitive social outcomes such as student empowerment. In examining who should provide the evidence for successful school leadership the need for triangulation, that is, multiple sources of evidence, became clear. Research employing only principal perceptions of success, especially on the importance of and improvement in student outcomes, should be examined much more critically than has occurred in the past.


Context is the basis of ambiguity which involves both association and activation. Only by synthesizing the connectionism with the modulationism can we more effectively explain and understand the working mechanisms of ambiguity.


Electron microscopy and techniques of light microscopy supplementary to those used in preparation of material for the original description of C. sabellariae have made possible a more nearly complete understanding of its morphology. Several characteristics of this orthonectid strengthen the validity of the genus Ciliocincta, and link it more closely to Stoecharthrum than to either Rhopalura or Intoshia. With the exception of 3 rings of jacket cells near the anterior end, which have 2 closely placed transverse rows of cilia, and 4 cells of ring 13 of the female (just anterior to the genital pore), which have cilia scattered over their posterior portions, the ciliation is restricted to single transverse rows near either the anterior or posterior margins, or both, of the cells. Although longitudinally oriented contractile cells are found in both the male and female, and although there is another complex of contractile cells in the vicinity of the genital pore, in neither sex are there cells of the type which form the core of the axial mass in the posterior part of the body of R. ophiocomae and which contain filaments whose ultrastructure resembles that of filaments in collagen cells. While preparing the original description (Kozloff, 1965) of Ciliocincta sabellariae, I was persuaded that it could not be placed in either of the two genera (Rhopalura, Stoecharthrum) to which the known species of orthonectids had conventionally been referred. After studying Stoecharthrum giardi and five species which had been assigned to Rhopalura, I became convinced that Ciliocincta is indeed a valid genus, much closer to Stoecharthrum than to Rhopalura, and that the genus Intoshia should be restored for at least the two species which Giard (1877) had named I. linei and I. leptoplanae. Rhopalura must be restricted to R. ophiocomae Giard (1877) and a few other orthonectids which are clearly conspecific with it. A review of the genera and described species of orthonectids is to be published sep-


We describe a data modeI, and the corresponding data definition language, which have been designed and developed for the management of graphicaI objects in a logic data base environment. The principle feature of the mode! is a set of new concepts that try to eliminate the defects of the most commonly used graphicaI system models. The model has been integrated in an existing Logic Data Base Management System, EDBLOG, to obtain GRAPHEDBLOG, an LDBMS in which graphical and non graphical information is handled in a uniform (declarative) way.


Abstract. Fracture mechanics studies on glass by indentation has become predominant in recent times. Interest in it has become more prominent due to a large application of such materials in areas of engineering applications encountering fluctuating stresses induced thermally, mechanically or physically. However, glass subjected to repeated indentation at a point prior to crack initiation with subcritical loads phenomenological to metal fatigue has not been systematically investigated, Repeated indentation at a single point with different subcritical loads (0-1 N, 0" 15N, 0.25N, 0.50N, 1.0N) was performed till radial cracks occurred. The length of the diagonal was measured after each indentation, which was found to increase with indentation cycle eventually leading to crack initiation. This observation was analysed considering the elastic plastic component and the residual stress developed during each cycle. A mathematical model has been postulated to correlate the contribution of cumulative residual stress for crack initiation.


The following article gives a brief account of some empirical research done in the 1980s in the UK by the present author with his colleague, Ibrahim Abdel-Ghany of Minia University, Egypt. At the time both researchers were working at the University of East Anglia at Norwich, England. This work is partly based on empirical arguments, and on conceptual analysis about the syllabus-worthiness of different kinds of targets and attainments in maths. The thrust of the argument is that it is essential that we teach children maths in such a way that they hold their knowledge of maths with 'application readiness' rather than 'application unreadiness'. The meaning of these terms will be explained in section three, after an account has been given of the nature of conceptual analysis and why it is needed. The article also describes some empirical research which established that in some schools in the UK children aged 10-11 years did not have their knowledge of elementary mathematics in a state of application readiness at the time the research was conducted.


Thank you for downloading introduction to rabbinic literature. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this introduction to rabbinic literature, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their laptop. introduction to rabbinic literature is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the introduction to rabbinic literature is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Charging and power supply for mobile devices is disclosed. A USB-compliant charging and power supply circuit (112) includes switch-mode battery charging circuitry for receiving power from an external power source and for supplying output power through an output node to an electronic system (114) of an electronic communication device and a battery (116). Battery isolation circuitry (208) includes a semiconductor switch (252) connecting the output node to the battery (116). The battery isolation circuitry (208) senses voltage at the output node and variably restricts current to the battery (116) when the voltage is below a minimum voltage value by operationally controlling the semiconductor switch (252) as current passes through it. During variable current restriction the electronic system (114) is supplied required power with said battery (116) being supplied any additional available power.


Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), which involve progressive damage to function and structure neurons, are chronic, progressive, generally incurable, and sometimes fatal. The types and severity of impairments, as well as their impact on daily living, vary greatly from person to person. As a result, people with NDD often face long-term, changing levels of disability and must learn to cope with and manage disability over time. This Practice Guideline discusses the etiology, epidemiology, and incidence of multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and transverse myelitis to provide background information for readers to understand how each disease can lead to disability and thus the need for occupational therapy services. Using an evidence-based perspective and key concepts from the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process , this guideline provides an overview of the occupational therapy process and defines the occupational therapy domain and interventions that occur within the boundaries of acceptable practice, as well as explains the evidence available to support these interventions.


Abstract Nowadays, fishery and aquaculture products form an important fraction of the protein requirement and food of many people on the earth. The hike in prices of these essential products seems necessary owing to the increase in demand and consumption of these products in the country. The price transmission from the international market to the domestic market of tunas was  investigated in the present research. For this purpose, the elasticity of substitution between tunas imports with goods produced in Iran (Armington Elasticity) was calculated. Armington  elasticity reflects a degree of substitution between commodities produced domestically and those produced  abroad. A greater elasticity indicates that buyers did not discriminate between domestic and foreign produced commodities and the buyers considered them same. Therefore, any policy to influence the price of imported commodities will be effective in regulating the prices of commodities produced domestically.  In the present study, in order to calculate the Armington elasticity, the annual data for the year's between1974 - 2014 was used along with the technique of maximum entropy (ME). In addition to Armington elasticity, the least square estimated and vector error correction model (ECM) were estimated using entropy maximization. The results showed that Armington tension in the long-term was greater than that in the short-term. Even though this means the product has been imported, it however serves as an alternative for domestically produced commodities; therefore, buyers do not  see any difference between them. Additionally, the prices of these products have been affected by global prices and  the swings in global prices can be transported  more easily in the long-term than in the short-term to the internal market for these products.


Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is an effective method for solving nonlinear differential equations. In this paper, some modifications of this method has been proposed to initial value problem of Bratu Type model. The combination of Laplace transform and homotopy perturbation (LHPM), the new homotopy perturbation method (NHPM) and Laplace new homotopy perturbation method (LNHPM) are applied, and the solutions are considered as an infinite series that converge rapidly to the exact solutions.


Motivation is a change in energy in a person's personality, characterized by the emergence of feelings (affective) and reactions to achieve goals. Learning is observing, reading, imitating, trying something yourself, listening, following directions. The implementation of online learning is not something new for students. Still, online learning is not as effective as face-to-face learning because online learning is not too free to express problems; this is caused by factors such as internet signals, cellphones / or similar tools which can be used for the internet, and others. This has an impact on student learning motivation. This research aims to find out students' learning motivation in online/online learning during the covid 19 period. The research used in this study is survey research; this study aims to describe/explain events or circumstances. Based on the results of data analysis, students' learning motivation in online learning is the highest or equal to 70% of the average ideal value. This shows that students' learning motivation is less than or equal to 70%. It can be stated that covid 19 has an impact on students' learning motivation.


This study of classical Balinese masks aims at discovering and introducing the local and traditional Balinese values with a hope that the result might become input for mask development in Indonesia. The focus of the study is the mask forms, especially those related to symbols in religious belief. The data were collected from references, informants chosen proportionally through purposive sampling and notes from historic sources as well as direct field notes. The result shows that based on structure and form there is similarity between classical Balinese masks and puppets. The similarity can be seen from their dots, lines, shapes, colors, and textures. The form elements reached the peak since the fall of Majapahit. The art traditions of East Java that had gone through synthesis were continued in Bali and accumulated with the local culture. The process enriched the existing arts, producing pajegan, panca, and bobondreasan masks. The masks are used as educational media applied in Hindu religious teachings and philosophy. The characters are taken from Mahabaratha and Ramayana epics. Keywords: visual structure, classical Balinese masks


AbstractThe security of drinking water distribution operation is an important issue that has received increasing interest within the last few years. The U.S. EPA has issued guidelines for water utilities regarding which qualitative and quantitative metrics to monitor, and what response actions to take from the moment a contamination event alarm has been triggered, until the contamination has been accommodated and the system has returned to normal operation. Expanded sampling is a type of response action in which the water utilities examine water quality at certain locations in the network after a contamination event has been detected to help evaluate the contamination impact and locate the source-area. In this work, we propose a computational approach, based on decision trees, for choosing a sequence of nodes in the distribution network to perform expanded sampling, such that the water contamination impact is evaluated and the source-area is isolated, with as few manual quality samplings as possible. To i...


We describe an extraordinarily bright-coloured new species of lamprophiid snake from Makira reserve in the North East of Madagascar, assigned to the subfamily Pseudoxyrhophiinae. Liophidium pattoni sp. n. is characterised by four pink-red longitudinal lines on a black dorsum, a yellow venter and a pink-red ventral side of tail. It had previously been photographed at Masoala National Park in northeastern Madagascar and possibly elsewhere, but its generic assignment was uncertain because no specimens were available for study. Molecular phylogenetic analyses on the basis of DNA sequences of the cytochrome b, 6S rRNA and nuclear c-mos genes are concordant in placing the new species sister to Liophidium rhodogaster, and these two species sister to a clade containing the remaining Liophidium species included. Besides its unique colour and a substantial genetic differentiation, L. pattoni differs from almost all Liophidium by meristic characters, the only exception being L. torquatum that exhibits overlaps in scale counts with the new species but differs by its colouration, with lack of pink-red colour on the back, a dark band in the neck, and transversal lines of spots on the venter. Next to the yellow-black Stenophis citrinus, this is the second pseudoxyrhophiine from Madagascar with such bright and potentially aposematic colour, although these two species both are not aggressive and, as far as is known, not dangerously toxic.


Biofuels play an increasingly important role in motor fuel market. The list of biofuels (bio-components) in accordance with EU legislations contains a number of substances not widely used in the market. Traditionally these include: fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, in the Czech Republic methyl ether of rape seed oil) and bioethanol (also ethyl terc. buthyl ether ETBE, based on bioethanol). The availability and possible utilizations of bio-component fuels in Czech Republic and Serbia are discussed. Additional attention is paid on the identification of the possibilities to improve effectiveness of rape seeds cultivation and utilization of by-products from FAME production (utilization of sew, rape-meal and glycerol) which will allow fulfilment of the sustainability criteria for the first generation biofuels. The new approaches on renewable co-processing are commented. The concept of 3E (emissions, energy demand, and economics) is introduced specifying three main attributes for effective production of FAME production in accordance with legal compliances. Bio-components price change is analyzed in comparison to the price of motor fuels, identifying possible (speculative) crude price break-even point at the level of 149-176 USD/bbl at which point bio-fuels would become economically cost effective for the use by refiners.


This paper is mainly reviewed about the diagnostics, assessments and treatments on cerebral palsy literature from the western medicine to the traditional Chinese medicine through the recent five years. Organizing and including common assessments and western mainly rehabilitation methods, in the background of the emerging of traditional Chinese medicine which can play an important role on the treatments of cerebral palsy by absorbing western rehabilitation theory. The combination of the western medicine and the traditional Chinese medicine would reduce pain of children with cerebral palsy.


The utility model discloses an automatic paint spraying machine which comprises a frame. A worktable is rotatably connected on the frame and driven by a rotation power device, a plurality of rotating shafts are annularly distributed on the worktable and rotatably connected on the worktable, workpiece seats for mounting workpieces are mounted on shaft sections of the rotating shafts projecting over the upper surface of the worktable, the shaft sections of the rotating shafts projecting over the lower surface of the worktable are connected with a rotating shaft driving device mounted on the worktable through a transmission chain through power, a guide rail positioned above the worktable is arranged on the frame, a slider driven by a sliding driving device is slidably connected on the guide rail, a swing mechanism is mounted on the slider, and a spray gun is connected on the swing mechanism. The automatic paint spraying machine has the advantages of high paint spraying efficiency, low labor intensity and fine spraying quality.


Three-dimensional orbits in the vicinity of the interior libration point (Li) of the Sun-Earth/Moon barycenter system are currently being considered for use with a number of missions planned for the 1990s. Since such libration point trajectories are, in general, unstable, spacecraft moving on these paths must use some form of trajectory control to remain close to their nominal orbit. The primary goal of this effort is the development of a Stationkeeping strategy applicable to such trajectories. A method is presented that uses maneuvers executed (impulsively) at discrete time intervals. The analysis includes some investigation of a number of the problem parameters that affect the overall maneuver costs. Simulations are designed to provide representative station- keeping costs for a spacecraft moving in a libration point trajectory, and preliminary results are summarized. RAJECTORY planning for a number of scientific mis- sions scheduled for launch in the 1990s includes the possi- ble use of three-dimensi onal halo or Lissajous orbits in the vicinity of the interior L! libration point of the Sun-Earth/ Moon barycenter system.1 This effort is directed toward the development of a Stationkeeping strategy that can be used to maintain spacecraft near such nominal libration point trajec- tories. A significant number of analyses have been completed that involve Stationkeeping methods for Earth orbiting satel- lites; maintaining a spacecraft on a libration point orbit, how- ever, has received limited attention. In the late 1960s, Far- quhar2 developed a number of possible Stationkeeping strat- egies for libration point orbits. Later, in 1974, a station- keeping method for spacecraft moving on halo orbits in the vicinity of the Earth-Moon translunar libration point L2 was published by Breakwell et al. 3 In contrast, specific mission requirements influenced the design of the Stationkeeping strat- egy for the first libration point mission. When the Interna- tional Sun-Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3) satellite was injected into a halo orbit associated with the interior L! libration point of the Sun-Earth system in 1978, a series of maneuvers exe- cuted at approximately three-month intervals was used for Stationkeeping.4 More recently, a series of papers have pre- sented results from studies that use Floquet and invariant manifold theories to develop a ''loose" Stationkeeping strat- egy for halo-type orbits.5"8 Similar to ISEE-3, the method also uses discrete maneuvers, applied at varying time intervals, that control the trajectory near the nominal path. A significant goal of this study is the development of a potentially ''tight" control strategy for Stationkeeping that can be applied to both halo and Lissajous trajectories (as well as other possible types of libration point paths). In this approach, the allowable deviation of the actual trajectory relative to the nominal path can be varied over a wide range depending on mission require- ments. Of course, low costs are desirable as well.


This passage has introduced a new method that drives the sensorless brushless DC motor using Infineon 16 bits special MCU.It samples and detects the voltage of the motor's stator coils during the PWM's switching-on,obtain the right time when back-EMF reaches the zero point.And then we revises the errors through the simple linear operation and conclude the commutation time of three-phase power transistor.As the result's show,the method proves to be high precise,of strong anti-interference ability.At the same time,the hardware circuits of the detection is simple and easy for realization.


Conjugated polymer materials with good photoelectric performance, solution processing ability and flexibility are widely used as active layers in optoelectronic devices. Here, using Stille and Suzuki coupling reactions, we designed and synthesized two new conjugated polymers, poly(1,2-bis(2,5-bis(iso-octyloxy)phenylenevinylene-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)) (PVBT) and poly(1,2-bis(2,5-bis(n-octyloxy)phenylenevinylene-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)) (nPVBT), which contain structural element styrene fragments and an conjugated unit benzothiadiazole. Styrene fragments are conducive to luminescent properties of materials, such as phenylenevinylene (PPV) derivatives, while benzothiadiazole unit is electron withdrawing, and matches with many structural units of a donor. The conjugated polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatog-raphy (GPC), elemental analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate that each of these two polymers has good thermal stability. Their melting points were around 240 ~ 250 ℃ and decomposition temperatures around 380 ℃ . Due to the presence of the structural alkoxy chains, these two polymers exhibit good solubility, which is conducive to solution-processed film formation. PVBT and nPVBT have strong fluorescence characters with maximum emission in the range of 590 ~ 605 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield of these two polymers in dichloromethane solution (1 × 10 - 5 mol•L - 1 ) is 23% ~ 35%, were modulated to be - 5.73 and - 5.61 eV, and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level were - 3.37 and - 3.32 eV, respectively. Typical p-type transporting property was determined by using PVBT and nPVBT films as active layers in organic field effect transistors. Because of the improved conjugation of the skeleton structures and the close packing between benzothiadiazole of main chains, these two conjugated polymers both exhibit efficient charge transport characteristics with saturation hole carrier mobility is up to 1.1 × 10 - 4 cm 2 •V - 1 •s - 1 and high switching on/off ratio of 10 3 ~ 10 4 . This work provides new insight into the development of high-performance optoelectronic conjugated polymer materials and sheds light on the research of organic optoelectronic integrated devices.


The amounts of eight metal elements,such as Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn,Mg,Na,K,Ca,in longan(rind,sarcocarp,kernel),in the same area were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometer(FAAS) with microwave digestion.Under the best conditions of instruments,the additional standard recoveries of these analytical elements were in the range of 95.0%—102.2%,and RSD were in the range of 0.4%—1.6%.The method is simple,rapid and convenient with high accuracy and good precision,and applied to the determination of standard and actual samples with satisfactory results.The testing results can also provide useful data for the research of nutritive value,pesticide effect and pharmacodynamicsof longan.


The muscles surrounding the human eye are capable of performing a wide range of expressions such as squinting, blinking, frowning, and raising eyebrows. This work explores the use of these ocular expressions to expand the input vocabularies of hands-free interactions. We conducted a series of user studies: 1) to understand which eye expressions users could consistently perform among all possible expressions, 2) to explore how these expressions can be used for hands-free interactions through a user-defined design process. Our study results showed that most participants could consistently perform 9 of the 18 possible eye expressions. Also, in the user define study the participants used the eye expressions to create hands-free interactions for the state-of-the-art augmented reality (AR) head-mounted displays.


Nanocrystalline Sb-doped SnO 2 particles were prepared by sol-gel and their particle growth was controlled by niobium oxide. In the present synthesis, SnCl 4 and SbCl 3 , as precursors, were dissolved and hydrolyzed in ethylene glycol at 80-120°C, and further 0.1 mol% Nb 2 O 5 through its precursor NbCl 5 was mixed to the above solution. The mixture was then dried at 120-150°C and calcinated at 600°C for 2 hours. By XRD and TEM, Sb-doped SnO 2 nanoparticles were highly crystalline and their mean crystal size was ca. 10-20 nm with narrow particle size distribution. As the addition of antimony increased, the crystallinity and particle size distribution of SnO 2 particles had the trend to decrease.


The article studies the regulatory and legal basis of the advocacy institution functioning in Ukraine. The special attention is paid to the analysis of the Law "On Bar and Advocacy" adopted on May 5, 2012 by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, which made the advocacy practice more progressive and modern, with clearly defined opportunities for effective protection of the rights, freedoms and interests of man and citizen. The received results may be used for further strengthening the regulatory legal basis of the functioning of the advocacy institute in Ukraine in the process of legislation enhancement.


Abstract:  Introduction:  Among elderly allograft recipients non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy. We have previously shown that malignancies are associated with a higher intensity of ciclosporin A (CsA)‐induced immunosuppression.


A mass spectrometer equipped with an electron‐velocity selector has been used to measure five ionization potentials of molecular oxygen. These results are in good agreement with the available spectroscopic data, and in addition are consistent with earlier work done by the indirect RPD method. The structural features of the ionization‐efficiency curve are discussed in the light of recent theoretical studies. It is concluded that for oxygen the computed transition probabilities are generally incorrect, except for the ground state of O2+. Using a second apparatus with an electron selector of improved construction, but no mass analysis, the transitions to individual vibrational levels of the 2IIg ground state of O2+ have been observed. The transition probabilities are in reasonable agreement with theory.


It is pointed out that in figures published in 1978 and constituting the latest available data, ships' officers and pilots had the next to the highest risk of dying from liver cirrhosis. The response of the shipping industry in the UK is discussed, as well as what disciplinary procedures are available under the 1979 Code of Conduct for the Merchant Navy. It is suggested that breath testing equipment be carried onboard. The Drinkwatchers Maritime Project, which aims to help seafarers who may be concerned about their drinking to contain their consumption within harmless limits, is mentioned and a contact is given.


: New anthanthrone-based polycyclic scaffolds possessing peripheral crowed quinodimethanes have been prepared. While the compounds adopt a closed-shell butterfly shaped structure in the ground state, a concave-to-convex fluxional dynamic inversion is accessible with a low energy barrier through an open-shell diradicaloid transition-state. Mainly driven by the release of strain attributed to the steric hindrance at the peri position of the anthanthrone core, a low-lying open-shell diradical is accessible through planarization of the core, which can be achieved by thermal excitation in solution. Alternatively, planarization can be achieved by application of mild pressure in the solid state, in which case the diradical remains kinetically trapped in an excited open-shell configuration. Cross-information from quantum chemistry, Raman spectroscopy and magnetic experiments allow us to corroborate these hypotheses and determine that the resulting nanographene-like structure possess unpaired electrons mainly localized at the exo-anthanthrene carbons bearing phenyl substituents. electronic graphene molecular versions), 1 intrinsic stable spin density investigate aspects In summary, a chemically robust, highly contorted closed-shell anthanthrone-based quinodimethane has been prepared. In solution, heating promotes the dynamic inversion of the structure through a planar open-shell intermediate in which the triplet state becomes increasingly populated at higher temperatures. Under application of mild mechanical stress (0.3 GPA), the molecule also undergoes planarization, forming a kinetically trapped diradical, which can be characterized in the solid state. The main driving force for the stabilization of the diradical in the quinodimethane units is the release of strain induced by the anthanthrone core, providing a rare example of closed-shell to open-shell transition not driven by the formation of additional Clar sextets. While this rare example of − bond breaking by mechanochemistry opens the way to the generation of diradicaloid species with accessible high spin states from robust quinoidal structure, current work is focused on stabilizing the diradical state through the design of novel functionalized anthanthrone-based polycyclic aromatics.


Image data compression is process to remove the redundant and irrelevant information from the image so that only essential information can be represented using less number of bits to reduce the storage size, transmission bandwidth and transmission time requirements. With Increase in Resolution of images and size there is continuous need of powerful compression techniques that provide higher compression ratio with higher performance in terms of better Peak signal to Noise Ratio and low Maximum Absolute Error ( MAE) . Consultative Committee for Space Data System (CCSDS) which is consortium of leading space agencies has defined such powerful compression standard called CCSDS "Image Data Compression". It provides performance comparable to leading compression algorithms like JPEG2000 /SPIHT etc. This image compression standard is based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), low frequency DWT coefficient (DC-coefficient) quantization & Golomb-Rice coding and bit plane encoding of Higher frequency (AC) coefficients An outcome is produced for encoding performed to the low frequency substance of the DWT translated image because the human visual system is more delicate to the low frequency segment and encoding is carried out just on low frequency contains that gives lossy compression but accomplished high compression ratio. In this paper analyse the image with different quntization factor and shows that how many quntization bits are possible in image of low frequncy co-efficients and image visulization is available after reconstructing of image. Here in different images cheak with different quntization factor and cheak their compression parameter and image visulization.


The data on atomic absorption determination of the content of trace elements in the tissues and organs of some invertebrate species sampled in January 2021 from the by-catch in the Eleginus gracilis fishery in the Terpeniya Bay, the Sea of Okhotsk are presented. The concentrations of toxic normalized trace elements (As, Pb, Cd) in commercial species are shown not to exceed the permissible levels.


Urban growth driven by uncontrolled expansion is one of the greatest problems that reduces the fertile lands in Karbala Governorate, Iraq. This phenomenon is the cause for variety of urban environmental problems such as an increase in local temperature, cost of land, and loss of agricultural produce.  Multiple images of different time periods were used, passing them through a series of image processing steps according to the methodology of work to achieve the aims of the paper by calculating land cover changes for Karbala City from 1992 to 2013. The aim of this research is to take the temporal and subtle changes in urbanization and land cover primarily to take into account a superior perception of the connection and activities between urban growth and urban environmental problems. To take action and greater control of land surface features, the data from Landsat 4 (MSS) 1992, Landsat 7 Thematic Mapper (ETM) 2003, and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) 2013 were used to deliver the research's aim.


Simple Summary Currently procedures used to obtain samples from the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) and protocols used to perform their respective analyses do not allow a multidisciplinary approach of this system. In fact, the investigations applied on the GIT, when performed singularly, could impair or limit the other analyses, because the currently procedures do not consider the needs of other disciplines. This means that the analyses to perform must be selected a priori, sacrificing the collection of other types of data and leads to the risk of losing important information, especially for wildlife species. To solve this conflict, we implement and standardize a new methodological approach to the GIT of marine mammals, which allow the collection of samples for different disciplines at the same time, performing the respective analyses, interpret and compare their results in a multidisciplinary way. The compatibility of multiple analyses allows the gaining of more information about the cause of death of stranded marine mammals and to enhance the knowledge of their biology and ecology. Abstract Organs and content of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of marine mammals are relevant for a variety of investigations and provide data to researchers from different fields. Currently used protocols applied to the GIT for specific analysis limit the possibility to execute other investigations and important information could be lost. To ensure a proper sample collection and a multidisciplinary investigation of the GIT of marine mammals, a new multi-sieves tool and a specific protocol have been developed. This new device and approach allowed the simultaneous sampling of the GIT and its content for the main investigations concerned. The samples collected during these preliminary trials were suitable to perform all the different research procedures considered in this work. The obtained results show that with a few and easy procedural adjustments, a multidisciplinary sampling and evaluation of the GIT of marine mammals is possible. This will reduce the risk of losing important data aimed at understanding the cause of death of the animal, but also biology and ecology of marine mammals, and other important data for their conservation and habitats management.


Potable water is important for the sustenance and survival of human beings and other living organisms. The present study deals with the evaluation of the drinking water quality in a city of Selangor, Malaysia and to compare the quality of drinking water from various households and restaurants by measuring the various physical and chemical parameters such as dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate, pH, coliform, turbidity and phosphate using the water monitoring kit. All samples showed no abnormal values for dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity and nitrate. The results showed that the contents of total coliform, phosphate and pH exceeded the standard. It was seen that out of 100 drinking water samples, 38 samples had E. coli count exceeding the acceptable limit and hence are considered contaminated. 69 samples were collected from houses and 28 samples (40%) out of them were contaminated. Among the 27 samples collected from the restaurants, 10 samples (37%) were contaminated. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in the quality of drinking water collected from houses as compared to the restaurants (P value = 0.56). The pH levels for 99% of the samples were within the acceptable range. 1% of the drinking water samples had phosphate level that slightly exceeded the standards.


Details concerning the influences of ultra-fine WS_2 powder additive(0.3~0.5 μ), used as an extreme-pressure additive, on the tribological characteristics of high-temperature lithium soap grease are summarized, and the mechanism by which the additive affects the characteristics is discussed.


A nutritional health vermicelli was prepared by adding the tuber of Rhizoma dioscoreae, a nutritional vegetable with pharmacological values. Results showed the best formula of Rhizoma dioscoreae vermicelli were: Rhizoma dioscoreae 8%, salt 1.5%, sodium alginate 0.2% and egg 4%. The product had bright color, special taste and was rich in nutrition.


lived or died anyway, and patients who did not have surgery also either lived or died. Readers may find this highly relevant in their own future and those of their loved ones. Chapter 6, on fracking, earthquakes, and Oklahoma oil wells, is relevant now (in case you had any doubt, yes, fracking is causing Oklahoma earthquakes, whatever business-overly-friendly Oklahoma officials claim). Journalism professors, students, and professionals will find highly useful for their work Chapters 9 ("Improving Data Displays: The Media's and Ours"), 10 ("Inside Out Plots"), and 11 ("A Century and a Half of Moral Statistics: Plotting Evidence to Affect Social Policy"). Chapter 13 is a fascinating cost–benefit analysis of public schoolteacher tenure (it costs less than not having it), and Chapter 17 is a cost–benefit analysis of obtaining a lot of data over less data (being in the education section, Wainer frames it as a problem of "worthless subscores" from small parts of big standardized exams). This book has something in it for everyone, and a lot in it for educators, journalists, and government bureaucrats of all types. But it should be used only as a supplementary text to books such as Phil Meyer's Precision Journalism (4th ed.), a more comprehensive statistics text, a more comprehensive data visualization text, or a more comprehensive research methods text (depending on what course you are teaching).


The substance P (SP) analogues [DArg1, DPhe5, DTrp7,9, Leu11] SP (AntD) and [Arg6, DTrp7,9, MePhe8] SP (6–11) (AntG) inhibit the action of many different neuropeptides including SP. These analogues might be useful in the treatment of small cell lung cancer but their mechanism of action is unclear. Here, we analyzed the effect of AntD and AntG on neuropeptide vs. guanosine 5′‐3‐O‐(thio) triphosphate (GTPγS) stimulated inositol phosphate generation in permeabilized Swiss 3T3 cells. AntD inhibited vasopressin and bombesin stimulated inositol phosphate formation (IC50 of 0.75 μM and 2 μM, respectively). Similarly, AntG inhibited vasopressin‐stimulated inositol phosphate generation with an IC50 of 1 μM. Strikingly, neither AntD up to 10 μM nor AntG up to 20 μM was able to inhibit GTPγS‐stimulated inositol phosphate generation. Dose‐response curves of neuropeptide‐induced inositol phosphate generation were dramatically displaced to the right by either 10 μM AntD or 20 μM AntG. However, neither antagonist affected the dose response of GTPγS‐stimulated inositol phosphate generation. Furthermore, 20 μM AntD had no effect on AIF−4‐induced inositol phosphates in COS‐1 cells transfected with Gαq. AntD inhibited [3H]vasopressin binding competitively in intact Swiss 3T3 cells and both AntD and AntG inhibited [3H]vasopressin binding in Swiss 3T3 and rat liver membranes. Scatchard analysis revealed that AntD inhibited vasopressin binding by reducing receptor affinity without affecting receptor number in both intact and membrane preparations of Swiss 3T3 cells. The results strongly suggest that SP analogues AntD and AntG block the action of the Ca2+ mobilizing neuropeptides at the receptor level, rather than inhibiting G protein‐stimulated inositol phosphate production. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


It is an inorganic mass spectrometer introduced that can measure a relevant and large or the full mass spectrum range at the same time comprising a suitable ion source (eg. As an ICP mass spectrometer with an ICP ion source), an ion transfer region, an ion optical system for separating ions from a plasma beam, a mass spectrometer of the Mattauch-Herzon type having CPO optics to condition the ion beam prior to the entry slot and a solid state multi-channel detector, which is substantially separated from ground potential and the potential of the magnet.


John J. Holland, Professor Emeritus of Biological Sciences at the University of California, San Diego, died in October, 2013. John was a pioneer in RNA virology, changing the way we think about RNA virus evolution. He was a scientific leader who served the virology community at the international, national, and university levels. John was an outstanding teacher and mentor who will be greatly missed. We thank John9s many friends, colleagues, trainees, and family for contributing their remembrances of this remarkable scientist.


Abstract A feather mite Hyonyssus sulcatus n. sp. is described from the Tit-hylia Pholidornis rushiae Hartlaub, 1857 (Passeriformes: Remizidae) collected in Cameroon. Host associations of the genus Hyonyssus Gaud and Mouchet, 1959 are briefly discussed. Based on current knowledge of host associations, it is hypothesized that the genus Hyonyssus evolved on the African barbets (Piciformes: Lybiidae) and developed on this host group by cospeciation. Further, some representatives of this mite genus have transferred to woodpeckers of the genus Dendropicos Malherbe, 1849 (Piciformes: Picidae). The ancestor of H. sulcatus n. sp. probably appeared on the passerine host P. rushiae due to host shifting from a woodpecker host of the genus Dendropicos.


It has long been recognized that free-living nematodes utilize specific recogni tion mechanisms for finding their hosts or prey in the soil. One of the earliest observations described the attraction of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita to tomato roots grown in sterile petri plates (62). If nematodes were unable to detect signals emanating from a food source, food finding would be a random, inefficient process. Such is not the case. The general consensus, based on experimental evidence and the morphologic con figuration of purported sensory structures located in the cephalic region, is that in nematodes the primary food-finding mechanisms are governed by chemotac tic factors emanating from the host or prey (22). Other stimuli, such as thermal, vibratory, or tactile stimuli (29), are believed to play a minor role, if any, in food-finding behavior. Once the nematode reaches the potential food source, it faces further barriers before it can commence feeding. For plant nematodes this includes recognition of an area of the root susceptible to attack. For bacteriophagous nematodes, recognizing certain species of bacteria as good food sources is vital, for these nematodes will not grow and reproduce on all bacteria. Molecular recognition of "good" and "bad" bacteria undoubtedly comes into play, but here again definitive data are lacking.


This editorial refers to 'Effect of exercise training on plasma levels of C-reactive protein in healthy adults: the HERITAGE Family Study'† by T.A. Lakka et al ., on page 2018

Over the past decade, the role of inflammation in developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been clearly demonstrated. In virtually all phases, from initiation to plaque rupture, cytokines, other bioactive molecules, and inflammatory cells are involved. The analysis of these factors could theoretically be used for diagnostic purposes. Among the cytokines and acute-phase reactants, high-sensitivity (hs) C-reactive protein has proved to be most suitable for clinical use. C-reactive protein can play an active role in the inflammatory process, which includes enhancing the uptake of damaged cells by macrophages, activating endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules, and decreasing the release of endothelial nitric oxide.

Hs-C-reactive protein has shown a dose–response relationship to ischaemic heart disease, independent of known major risk factors. Three levels of hs-C-reactive protein have been proposed in the recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control and the American Heart Association (AHA): low, 3.0 mg/L.1 In a meta-analysis of prospective population-based studies, when the upper tertile was compared with the lower tertile, the relative odds ratio for a major coronary event was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.6–2.5).2 The interrelationship between C-reactive protein and the metabolic syndrome is strong: median baseline C-reactive protein levels rose linearly from 0.68 mg/L in individuals without signs of the metabolic syndrome to 5.75 mg/L in those with all five characteristics of the syndrome.3

However, several questions regarding the role of hs-C-reactive protein in clinical practice remain unanswered: for which major events it has predictive value; does it include cerebral, coronary, and peripheral vascular beds; does it reflect the degree of vascular wall inflammation; is it sensitive to change; does it …

*Corresponding author. Tel: +46 491 782000; fax: +46 491 782494. E-mail address : joep{at}ltkalmar.se


People with depressed mood can feel sad, anxious, empty, hopeless, helpless, worthless, meaningless, guilty, irritable, ashamed and restless. They may lose interest in activities that were once pleasurable, experience loss of appetite or overeating, have problems related to concentrating, remembering details or making decisions, and may contemplate, attempt or commit suicide. Insomnia, excessive sleeping, fatigue, aches, pains, digestive problems or reduced energy may also be present. Depression will be the second leading cause of disease burden worldwide 2020. Despite these considerable costs, current pharmacological and psychological interventions have limited acceptability and effectiveness, up to 60% of depressed persons do not adequately respond to pharmacological antidepressant treatment and 30% do not adhere to medication. The exact origins of apitherapy are difficult to pinpoint and can be traced back to ancient Egypt, Greece and has been practiced in China for 3-5000 years. Use of bee products in human treatments traced back thousands of years and healing properties are included in many religious texts including the Veda, Bible and Quran. Now it is being practical all over the world. In the USA the history of apitherapy goes back about 100 years. Bees are very important instruments in the health world, such as treating depression, neurological disease, muscle cramps, skin tumors, and nerve pain. Property to cure the disease obtained from some natural products such as; honey bee, royal jelly and sting/bee venom. Method of using bee products as one form of treatment eventually led to apitherapy technique. This therapy has been known since ancient Egyptian times, about 1870 BC. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of live bee sting acupuncture on first episode depression. Setting: the study was carried out at Minofya University Hospital, psychiatric outpatient clinic. Subjects: A total of 37 young adult volunteers who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria during the period from December 2013 to December 2014. Tools: Two tools were utilized by the researchers for data collection. I- structure interview demographic data: structure interview schedule. II- Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The results: The results revealed that volunteers had moderate and severe depression (59.5, 40.5) respectively before live bee sting acupuncture. The volunteers had no and mild depression (59.5, 40.5) respectively after 6 months of live bee sting acupuncture and absolutely no depression after 12 months.


The purposes of this study were to determine whether cortical spreading depression occurs outside of the infarct produced by photothrombotic vascular occlu sion, and also the direction of spreading. Focal cerebral thrombotic infarction was produced by irradiating the ex posed skull of anesthetized rats with green light (560 nm) following systemic injection of rose bengal dye. At prox imal sites (-2 mm anterior to the infarct border), tran sient, severe hyperemic episodes (THEs) lasting 1-2 min were intermittently recorded. THE frequency was great est in the first hour and declined over a 3-h period. THEs were accompanied (and usually preceded) by a precipi tous rise in [K +]0 (from-3 to >40 mM) and were asso ciated with increases in local tissue oxygen tension (tP02). Following the rise in [K + ]0' clearance of [K +]0 to its pre-THE baseline preceded baseline recovery of CBF. Previous studies have defined marked differences between the consequences of severe focal and glob al cerebral ischemia. During global ischemia, elec trical, ion transport, and oxidative metabolic activ ities cease; this results in declines of creatine phos phate (PCr) and ATP, suppression of synaptic functioning, loss of transmembrane ion gradients, and accumulation of intracellular calcium ion (re view by Siesjo and Bengtsson, 1989). Following the onset of focal brain ischemia in many animal models, similar deteriorative changes ensue in the ischemic core as in tissue subjected to global ischemia (Hillered et al., 1989; Heiss et al., These data indicate that THEs were reactive to physio logic events resembling cortical spreading depression (CSD), which provoked increased demand for oxygen and blood flow, and which spread from proximal sites to areas more distal (-4 mm) from the rim of the evolving infarct. MK-801 (1 mg/kg, i. v.) inhibited subsequent CSD-like episodes. We conclude that photothrombosis induced ischemia provoked CSD which was triggered ei ther within the infarct core or in the infarct rim and spread to more distal sites. Whether multiple episodes of CSD during infarct generation are responsible for the remote consequences of focal brain injury remains to be deter mined. 1992); but in the infarct rim, different effects were evident which could signal residual pathophysiol ogy. After middle cerebral artery occlusion (M CAo) in rats, for example, time-dependent heterogeneous changes in glucose consumption and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were recorded within the infarct rim These CSD-like events were defined by criteria which characterized CSD in nor …


To evaluate dispositional coping strategies as predictors for changes in well‐being after 1 year in older patients with cancer (OCP) and 2 control groups.


A composite coating containing WC/12Co cermet and Fe 43 Cr 16 MO 16 C 15 B 10 metallic glass was successfully deposited onto type 304 stainless steel by high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying, and the microstructure and tribological properties were investigated. The microstructure of the coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy/electron probe micro-analysis (SEM/EPMA) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The hardness and tribological properties of the coating were tested with a Vickers hardness tester and reciprocating wear tester, respectively. The composite coating, in which flattened WC/12Co was embedded in amorphous Fe 43 Cr 16 MO 16 C 15 B 10 layers, exhibited high hardness, good wear resistance and a low friction coefficient compared to the monolithic coating. The addition of 8% WC/12Co to the Fe 43 Cr 16 MO 16 C 15 B 10 matrix increased the cross-sectional hardness from 660 to 870 HV and reduced the friction coefficient from 0.65 to 0.5. WC/12Co reinforcement plays an important role in improving the tribological properties of the Fe 43 Cr 16 Mo 16 C 15 B 10 coating.