the plot of source resistance fall precisely on a straight line these assumptions are likely to be true. The values of the correlation coefficients presented in Table 1 do suggest that in most cases a straight line fits the data well. However, the degree of linearity seems to vary between hearts. Sometimes a slightly curved line seems to fit the results better than a straight line. Two extreme examples, measured for two different hearts, are shown in Figure 9. When a more curved relationship is found it is always in the direction shown in Figure 9. This sort of curvature is in agreement with the observation of Bergel (discussion of Elzinga and Westerhof) that the predicted mean hydromotive pressure obtained by extrapolation is greater than the measured mean hydromotive pressure determined from an isovolumic beat. The cause of this is not yet clear to us. However, in a physiological working range (mean left ventricular pressure of 50-70 mm Hg and mean aortic flow of 2-5 cm/sec) a linear approach seems to be reasonable. In conclusion we would like to state that the source impedance concept appears to be a useful tool to describe the pumping ability of the heart in quantitative terms. Occlusion of a part of the coronary arterial system affects the hydromotive pressure but not the source resistance. The pumping ability of the left heart can, after infarction, be restored almost completely by an increase in left atrial filling pressure. The Frank-Starling mechanism which the heart can use to compensate for the effects of a loss in contractile tissue therefore seems to be very effective in this situation.


To deal with noises in partial label learning (PLL), existing approaches try to perform disambiguation either by identifying the ground-truth label or by averaging the candidate labels. However, these methods can be easily misled by the false-positive noisy labels in the candidate set, and fail to generalize well in testing. When labeling information is ambiguous, learning paradigms should depend more on underlying data structure. Large margin nearest neighbour (LMNN) is a popular strategy to consider instance and class correlations in supervised learning, but can not be directly used in weakly-supervised PLL due to the ambiguity of labeling information. In this paper, we first define similarly and differently labeled pairs as well as the similarity weight to evaluate the similarties between any two instances. We then propose a novel PLL method called Generalized Large Margin $k$NN for Partial Label Learning (GLMNN-PLL), which adapts the framework of LMNN to PLL by modifying the constraint from 'the same class' to 'similarly-labeled'. GLMNN-PLL aims to learn a new metric and perform disambiguation by reorganizing the underlying data structure, that is, making similarly labeled instances closer to each other while making differently labeled instances seperated by a large margin. As two close instances with shared labels do not necessarily belong to the same class, we put a weight on each instance pair. An efficient algorithm is designed to optimize the proposed method and the convergence is analyzed in this paper. Moreover, we present a theoretical analysis of the generalization error bound for GLMNN-PLL. Comprehensive experiments on controlled UCI datasets as well as real-world partial label datasets from various domains demonstrate the superiorities of the proposed method.


Abstract In this paper a controller based on neural networks is proposed to achieve output trajectory tracking of affine nonlinear systems. The control method is developed for systems which can be transformed to normal form with a positive definite control gain matrix. The neural networks are used to perform an approximated input–output feedback when the nonlinear functions of the normal form dynamics are unknown. The network learning is based on a stability algorithm which is inspired by the well known adaptive control theory. The global stability of the closed–loop system is analyzed and the applicability of the method on robot manipulators is evinced. Simulations on a robot manipulator example are made to show the performances of the proposed controller.


In our initial report "Detecting BS in Health Care," we identified our top ten BS concepts and trends within the health care industry, and encouraged our readers to hone their "BS detection skills." Many of you have let us know that we "left some BS on the table." For example, there are more Old English terms for BS that we missed—such as babble, bafflegab, bilge, blather, blarney, bosh—and these are just from the b's. This time around we make bolder assertions about other possible forms of BS—including some sacred cows—that might make some readers uncomfortable.


The authors report 2 cases with similarities to the cases of "catastrophic migraine" reported by Fisher. Both cases involved sudden onset in migrainous women of 1 or more ischemic strokes in the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) territory. The 1st case had been using oral contraceptives (OCs) for 5 months; the 2nd had end-stage polycystic renal disease with hypertension. Computerized axial tomography performed in the 1st case on the 5th day after hospital admission for sharp rapidly worsening headache showed a low density area in the deep and superficial territory of the PCA. In the 2nd case there was a low density area in the right occipital and left parieto-occipital regions. It is possible that a stroke regardless of its etiology causes a migrainous attack in susceptible individuals. On the other hand the peculiar occurrence of stroke in the PCA territory may be due to hemodynamic disturbances induced in that region by the migrainous attack. 4 of the 10 cases presented by Fisher were receiving or had received hormonal therapy.


Sym004 is a 1:1 mixture of two antibodies targeting non‐overlapping epitopes of the epidermal growth factor receptor that antagonizes ligand binding and induces receptor downregulation. In preclinical models, it has superior antitumor activity to cetuximab and panitumumab. Japanese adults aged ≥20 years with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status of 0/1 and life expectancy ≥3 months were eligible. Patients in Part A (dose escalation) had refractory or recurrent late‐stage solid tumors and received Sym004 6 mg/kg/wk (n = 3), 9 mg/kg loading/6 mg/kg/wk (n = 6), 12 mg/kg/wk (n = 6), or 18 mg/kg biweekly (n = 6). Patients in expansion Part B (n = 30) had esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and received Sym004 at the dose recommended from Part A. Fifty‐one patients received Sym004. No dose‐limiting toxicities were observed in Part A. A dose of 12 mg/kg/wk was selected for Part B. All patients in Part B experienced treatment‐related adverse events, most commonly dermatitis acneiform (76.7%). Eighteen grade ≥3 treatment‐related adverse events and five serious adverse events occurred (cardiac arrest, lung infection, interstitial lung disease, toxic skin eruption, blood creatinine increase). Two patients had treatment‐related adverse events resulting in death (cardiac arrest and blood creatinine increase). Five patients in Part B had a best overall response of partial response, 12 stable diseases and 12 disease progression (1 not evaluable). The objective response rate was 16.7% (95% CI: 5.6%‐34.7%). Sym004 therapy was well tolerated with no dose‐limiting toxicities at any dose studied. Evidence of antitumor activity was seen in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01955473.


Of the 554 burials investigated at Aleika 3 cemetery, 517 date to the 2 nd – beginning of the 5 th cc., and 37 – to the end of the 11 th – the 12 th c. The grave goods from some of the earlier burials allow assuming that the community to which the site belonged could have been a polyethnic one, most probably including representatives of the Wielbark culture in a Baltic milieu. In the group of older graves (2 nd – beginning of the 5 th cc.), horses have been found in 52 of the men's burials, most of which (48 out of 52) date to the end of the 2 nd – beginning of the 3 d cc. The numerous analogies from the Danube region and the chronology of the oldest burials allow assuming that the ritual had found its way to Sambia as a result of Germanic-Sarmatian contacts in the time of Marcomanni wars. The abundant finds of imported Roman goods, including luxury items, most probably indicate that the community was an active participant in the amber trade.


Nanotechnology is a scientific and technological combination, integrating various fields, such as physics [1], chemistry [2], biotechnology and engineering [3]. It is considered as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers [4]. The interesting potential of nanotechnology, due to the special properties of nanomaterials, leads to a great number of applications, which are developed in order to improve the quality of life [5]. Nanomedicine is a specialized branch of medicine that applies the fundamentals of nanotechnology to the prevention and/or the treatment of various diseases [6]. Thus, nanomedicine involves the utilization of nanostructured materials for diagnosis, delivery, detection or actuation purposes in a living organism [7]. There are numerous companies specializing in the fabrication of new forms of nanosized matter, with anticipated applications that include medical therapeutics and diagnostics, energy production, molecular computing and structural materials [4,8]. Nanotechnology can enhance drug delivery to those areas which were unfavorable for macromolecules to approach [9]. Furthermore, it offers new implantable sensing technologies, providing accurate medical information [10]. Cancer and cardiovascular diseases diagnosis and treatment, dental applications and development of bone implants are among the most famous applications of nanomedicine [11-16]. Diabetes is considered to be among the major afflictions of modern western society. Recent studies demonstrated that around approximately 9.3 percent of the global adult population suffered from diabetes in 2019 [17]. According to mathematical models, based on clinical data, by the year 2045, this percentage is expected to rise to almost 11 percent [17,18]. Diabetes is typically characterized by increased thirst, excessive weight loss or excessive desire to eat, increased urge for urination and thus resulting in abnormal increase in blood glucose level [19,20]. It is classified as Type 1, Type 2 or gestational diabetes mellitus, depending on the reason for high blood sugar [19-21]. In type 1-diabetes, the body cannot produce insulin due to loss of β-cells, as a result of T-cell mediated autoimmune attack [22]. The common approach of this condition is a prescribed insulin replacement therapy, including injections of long-acting insulin at mealtimes [23]. An insulin-resistance combined with insulin deficiency Crimson Publishers Wings to the Research Review Article


The optical conductance of monolayer graphene is defined solely by the fine structure constant, α = $e^2 /\hbar c$ (where e is the electron charge, $\hbar $ is Dirac's constant and c is the speed of light). The absorbance has been predicted to be independent of frequency. In principle, the interband optical absorption in zero‐gap graphene could be saturated readily under strong excitation due to Pauli blocking. Here, use of atomic layer graphene as saturable absorber in a mode‐locked fiber laser for the generation of ultrashort soliton pulses (756 fs) at the telecommunication band is demonstrated. The modulation depth can be tuned in a wide range from 66.5% to 6.2% by varying the graphene thickness. These results suggest that ultrathin graphene films are potentially useful as optical elements in fiber lasers. Graphene as a laser mode locker can have many merits such as lower saturation intensity, ultrafast recovery time, tunable modulation depth, and wideband tunability.


The fisheries industry continues to be one of the main contributors to economic growth. The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia reports that the total capture fisheries production rises every year. In 2016 it was recorded to produce 6.83 million tons. Comparison of safety records from the fishing industry with other industrial sectors shows that it continues to be the most dangerous occupation with a sizeable margin. The safety and efficiency of fishing vessel fleet activities is highly dependent on the quality of management decisions. The causal relationships from accidents involving fishing vessels are identified through an analysis of emergencies and fishing incidents. The purpose of this study is to improve the safety of shipping by applying the risk of accidents of fishing vessel by using Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) methodology. The result show that Mechanical failure has a highest risk followed by Vessel Foundering, Falling Overboard and Other. With the right control measure the cost can be minimized 10 – 50 %. The cause of accident is caused by human factor. Increasing the safety of the shipping is necessary with increase the competence of human and law enforcement of shipping activities especially.


Universal exhibitions were true emblems of modernity in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as vehicles of artistic and technical paradigms of each country. Portugal's participation, from the first Republic to the Estado Novo regime encompass different political and economic circumstances which moulded the strategies to adopt in each participation, and therefore the architectural style that should be used to convey a certain image of the country. The concept of 'Empire' dominates the discourse, to be translated into appropriate architectural options of its exhibition pavilions. This sparked a debate between architects and key cultural and political agents, selected as jurors for the architectural tenders held for the Portuguese Pavilions. Evaluating these events means identifying pivotal participants, their proposals and their thoughts on the issue of a representative ʻnational style'. This particular period also dwells with the issue of implementing modern architecture, distanced from eclectic historicisms yet rooted in vernacular elements.


Software reuse is one of the vital attribute which has high
qualification in software engineering. The reuse of any existing components
can improve the productivity, quality, reliability, and it can also notably
lower total costs and saves time. Thus , it is so important to use software
reuse in this research. However, to make a pakej of interactive learning, any components
should introduce reuse in the integral modul so that modul can raise good
quality in making the modul of interactive learning. Furthermore, this project
must identify and classify the features of software reuse towards the pakej of
interactive learning especially for the young children. Besides that, a
prototype for generating the results that have been done by the users by
using software reuse can effort in different learning modules.


It is known that more than 70% of the current antibiotics have been produced by Streptomyces; therefore, the main goal of the present study was to isolate halophiles Streptomyces to investigate their antimicrobial properties on the expression of the pathogenic genes of clinically resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To this aim, isolation of Streptomyces from soil was performed by serial dilution method, and cultivation on ISP2 and SCA medium. The secondary metabolite was extracted by ethyl acetate method. The presence of exo A, alg D and oprl genes were determined by PCR in 50 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The inhibitory effect of active metabolites on gene expression were investigated by employing the real-time PCR technique. The purification of secondary metabolites were performed by employing the HPLC technique. Moreover, the FTIR technique was employed to determine the functional groups to help performing identifications by employing the LC-MS technique. Finally, selected Streptomyces was identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Accordingly, the possible forms of Streptomyces were isolated and identified, in which Streptomyces number 25 had the highest growth inhibition zone against the clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The obtained results of molecular analysis showed 95.4% similarity to Streptomyces tunisiensis. The effect of selected Streptomyces secondary metabolites reduced expressions of both of exo A and algD genes in 1024μg/mL concentration. In this regard, the potent fraction could be known as an isobutyl Nonactin analogue. The concluding remarks of this work showed the antimicrobial activity of halophilus Streptomyces species against the resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the ability of producing antibiotics proposing for running further investigations to determine the active compound structures.


Title of Thesis: STREAM MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN URBANIZING WATERSHEDS IN MARYLAND, USA Aaron A. Moore, Master of Science, 2003 Thesis directed by: Professor Margaret A. Palmer Department of Entomology The conversion of agricultural landscapes into residential developments is a prominent form of land use change in Maryland. Macroinvertebrates were sampled in Maryland headwater streams, and used to test for differences in diversity and abundance between agricultural and developed sites. Macroinvertebrate richness was highest in the agricultural streams, possibly due to a negative relationship between richness and impervious surface cover. The nature of farming operations and their proximity to the stream may contribute to increased richness values. In Chapter 2, I compare macroinvertebrate communities collected with singlehabitat and multi-habitat sampling methods. Communities were compared using IBI scores, and the community variables comprising these IBI's. Several community variables differed between methods, however the IBI scores calculated using the two methods were strongly correlated. Single-habitat samples had a slightly stronger relationship with development, indicating that they may be better for monitoring important focal sites. STREAM MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN URBANIZING WATERSHEDS IN MARYLAND, USA


Separation technology of quercetin from the Forsythia by ion precipitation methods was optimized with response surface methodology(RSM).According to single factor experiment result,the mathematical model was established by Box-behnken central composite design using the zinc acetate and sodium carbonate dosage,precipitation temperature as influencing factors,and the quercetin extraction ratio as response value.The results showed that extraction rate of quercetin from Forsythia was 9.76% under the sodium carbonate and zinc acetate dosage for 0.65 g and 1.41 g,50 ℃ precipitation 40 min.


Whether the upstream and downstream members in a supply chain (considering environmental objectives) simultaneously stabilize economic benefits has become an important problem in the process of green development. However, few quantitative studies on green supply chains have considered environmental and economic benefits to realize multi-objective optimization. To study operation and cooperation strategies with a consideration of the different objective on the level of supply chain, we first establish a green supply chain game model with profit and environment objectives simultaneously considered by the manufacturer. Then, we analyze the multi-objective decisions of the supply chain members under centralized control using a manufacturer-led Stackelberg game and revenue-sharing contract. Using the manufacturer's environmental preference as a variable, the effects of environmental benefits on the supply chain are also investigated. Finally, this study determines that the manufacturer's profit will be reduced after considering the objective of environmental benefits, while the retailer's profit, product greenness, and environmental benefits will be improved. Meanwhile, the total profit of the green supply chain will first increase and then decrease. In particular, a revenue-sharing contract can facilitate the coordination of multiple objectives; in this way, both the manufacturer and the retailer achieve higher profits and environmental benefits compared to a decentralized control condition, which is of great significance in achieving a win–win situation for the economy and the environment.


Models of human performance which include concepts of task or procedural complexity have been used to evaluate the design of specific procedures which are dictated either by the airline or the flight environment (such as a specific airport). The procedures and environment as they currently exist can be modeled producing a profile across time of the output variable of the model. The variable that has been of most interest to us is pilot workload. One way in which we are using these modeling procedures is to compare a complex departure procedure with another departure procedure which is considered to be typical of most departures. Pilot workload profiles were obtained for the pilot-flying and the pilot-not-flying for each departure. A comparison was made of the profiles from the two departures and it was indicated that the more complex departure greatly increased the workload of the pilots, especially the pilot-flying. The complex departure procedure was analyzed looking particularly at the requirements that produced large peaks in pilot workload for either pilot, and recommendations are being made for changes to the procedure based on this analysis. The value of using such a modeling procedure in the airline environment will be discussed including other possible application areas.


In conjunction with the failure mechanism of a glass/epoxy cross-ply lami nate under tension, the tree-shaped secondary failure was detected in our laboratory. Stress concentration which is induced by transverse cracking is the cause of the secondary failure. A theoretical approach to the failure is made in this paper on the basis of stress distributions and energy consideration.


In this work, we aim at enhancing the sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance sensors towards the detection of biomolecule interactions by means of nanopatterning of the sensor surface. Use of nanostructured interfaces in combination with SPR is a promising step towards realizing biosensors with high efficiency and sensitivity. Nanopatterned surfaces enable multi-dimensional control over the behavior of surface-immobilized probe molecules. By means of a combination of self-assembled monolayer technology, colloidal lithography, and reactive ion etching, nanopatterns with either antibody confining or non-confining characteristics were produced and analyzed via photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. Antibody immobilization on the patterns and subsequent specific binding of antigen was traced in real time by means of a surface plasmon resonance sensor. It was found that confining nanopatterns yield an increase in antibody activity towards antigen capture on surface of up to 120%, depending on the protocol used for their immobilization.


The aspect of the interpretative process of article 7 of CISG, which demands that one should not read the Convention through the lenses of domestic law but rather in an autonomous manner, is discussed. An attempt is made to assist courts and tribunals to be aware of, and avoid the most common pitfalls in the application of the CISG, by using two practical examples.


Based on a 96-meter-span rigid tied arch bridge,variational arch bridge models are established in this paper.The influences of variation arch rib section on the mechanical behavior of this system bridge are studied.Analytical results show that the variational arch rib section would have greatest impact on its deformation and stress.It also have large impact on bridge dynamic characteristic and stability but there is slight influence on tied bar.The results show that for the sequential variational arch rib section on about 100-meter-span rigid tied arch bridge when the area ratio of vault and the foot of arch is 5/6,the mechanical behavior of overall bridge is the best.


OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to present the development of the Communication Concerns in Parents with Cancer Scale (CCPCS) and to evaluate its psychometric properties in mothers with cancer.

METHODS
Two hundred and twenty-nine mothers with cancer participated in this study. Participants reported on parenting concerns, depressive and anxiety symptoms and quality of life. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to explore the factor structure of the new scale. Concurrent and convergent validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated/obtained. To measure invariance according to type of cancer and time passed since diagnosis, a multi-group analysis was used.

RESULTS
EFA suggested that the scale comprised one factor that explained 75.63% of the total variance. The developed CCPCS had high internal consistency. Communication concerns were positively associated with other parenting concerns, as well as anxiety and depression symptoms. Test of measurement invariance showed scalar invariance for type of cancer, and residual invariance for time passed since diagnosis.

CONCLUSION
The CCPCS seems to be a promising scale to measure communication concerns in mothers with cancer for clinical and research purposes. Knowing the impact of communication concerns in the mother's process of adaptation to cancer can provide clues for the psycho-oncological care offered.


IT governance is an effective way of realizing IT business value and evading the risk of IT, and it is a new challenge enterprises faced. The traditional researches on IT governance are focus on structure and configuration of the IT function, as well as the locus of responsibility for key IT decisions. And enterprise lacks an integrated system framework for IT governance implementing. The paper based on the alignment between IT and business strategy, taking the IT governance structure, distribution of responsibility of key IT decisions, IT governance process, and evaluation of IT governance performance into one integrated framework. It can help managers have a good understanding of IT governance and provides guidance for IT governance implementing.


pointedly, what he is asking for is " the ' planned dissolution ' of the Latin Church into a considerable number of distinct, autonomous ' patriarchates ' " (p. 132) . These suggestions, although not original, are intriguing. They deserve, however, more than three pages. What is needed is a detailed presentation of these changes, indicating their historical context, their advantages and disadvantages, and their practical implementation. Despite the criticisms given above, there is much good material to be found in this crisply written book. I agree in general with Hill's judgment that Church authority should embody a collegial rather than a monarchical ecclesiology. He shows that the MC ecclesiology has a solid foundation in scripture and tradition and its cornerstone is the theology of the local Church. Furthermore, he is correct in insisting that the doctrines of collegiality and the priesthood of the faithful are urgent questions in contemporary ecclesiology and that they have broad ecumenical ramifications. He speaks convincingly of greater lay participation, local autonomy, consultation, and accountability. At the same time, his partisanship leads him to caricature the MP view. He will not persuade many MP supporters by criticizing their "highhanded authoritarianism and paternalism " (p. 53) and " ecclesiastical dishonesty " (p. 127) or by claiming that the Roman Curia " is neuro· tically obsessed with the matter of papal authority" (p. 114). Hill makes many valid and important points, but, on occasion, he weakens them by exaggeration. At times his partisan style overcomes his theo· logical substance.


It is expected that wide-bandgap devices like silicon-carbide MOSFETs and gallium-nitride HEMTs could replace Si devices in power electronics converters to reach higher system efficiency. This paper adopts the conventional half-bridge LLC topology to realize a 10-kW all-SiC bidirectional charger used in electric vehicles. Though it is a well-known topology for the unidirectional charger, it has not been comprehensively explored for the bidirectional energy flow yet. A double-pulse-test (DPT) platform is utilized to provide accurate power losses. A state-space model is built to obtain accurate switching current waveforms, which is eventually combined with the DPT results to accurately predict the system efficiency. Based on this model, to further enhance the system efficiency, the dc-bus voltage is varied with LLC dc/dc converter running at the resonant frequency through the whole power range. Experimental results validated that the proposed approach could realize the bidirectional power flow. By varying the dc-bus voltage, the V2G and G2V modes reach ~96 % wall-to-battery efficiency.


This paper reviews the progress in recent research in drugs of bio-macromolecules.The controlled delivery of peptide and protein is briefly introduced in the first part.Many efforts have been focus on protecting the protein from digestion and extending the circulation by chemically linking poly(ethylene glycol).The development in gene therapy including targeting cells,increasing efficiency of transactions and reducing toxicity is introduced in the second part.The stimulus responsive drug delivery systems for protein and gene are also summarized.


PurposeThis study explored how board diversity affects environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in the Italian banking sector. Specifically, this study examined whether the presence of specific corporate governance (CG) characteristics (board diversity) in Italian Cooperative Credit banks is related to ESG dimensions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examined a sample of 247 Italian Cooperative Credit banks for the period 2017–2021 and developed an econometric model by applying unbalanced panel data with firm fixed effects and controls per year. To verify the research hypotheses, the authors analyzed board diversity in terms of board attributes variables (size, gender diversity, age, activity, independence and corporate social responsibility/sustainability committee (CSR) and measured ESG dimensions using the ESG score provided by Refinitiv.FindingsThe findings suggest that board size, independence and the existence of a CSR/sustainability committee positively affect banks' ESG performance, while no significant relationship between board average age and ESG performance was found. The study also explored how the critical mass of women on a board affects ESG performance by testing the positive impact of gender diversity on ESG dimensions only up to a certain threshold of female directors.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is highly relevant to managers and investors who consider ESG issues in their decision-making processes. The findings support regulators by offering insights into ways to improve ESG performance through the specific design and application of governance mechanisms.Practical implicationsFrom a practical perspective, this investigation has implications for both practitioners and regulators, suggesting that chief executive officers (CEOs) and managers should pay more attention to CG aspects to improve ESG performance and that policy-makers should give greater consideration to these aspects of CG in their efforts to enhance ESG performance.Originality/valueThis study offers an in-depth analysis of banks' ESG practices and attempts to bridge the gap in the literature on ESG in the Italian banking industry. This study is the first to investigate the relationship between CG variables and ESG dimensions in this context.


By monitoring and diagnosing the bearing vibration during startup and onload operation of overhauled Unit 8 in Shaoguan Power Plant,the cause of the vibration is clarified and corresponding countermeasures formulated,thus eliminating unacceptable bearing vibration at generator rotor whirling speed and the halfspeed vortex on No2 and No3 bearings during onload operation of the unit,and greatly enhancing the safety of the unit.


As the university digital library is faced with hundreds of millions of Internet users,learning the characteristics of the users is a must to carrying out the personalized service for the library. Thus it is extremely necessary for the library to establish personal digital profiles and to make subsequent inductive researches on the archival information of the users. Through the establishment and analysis of the archival information of users in the digital library under the environment of network,the digital library can grasp the demand and behavioral characteristics of the network users exactly so as to better the personalized service to network users.


Prevailing design modeling techniques are not designed to generally model decisions made throughout software lifecycle, nor to support automatic modularity analysis. We have developed an analyzable design representation called an augmented constraint network (ACN), and an algorithm to decompose a big ACN model into smaller subACNs. To evaluate the effectiveness of the decomposition algorithm in terms of enabling parallel implementation and the feasibility of modeling and analyzing software decisions made in practice using our framework, we apply our techniques to an online student society financial management project. Among other results, the experiment shows that (1) our framework is general enough to uniformly model decisions made within different project stages, such as requirement analysis and architecture design; (2) each sub-ACN, automatically decomposed using our prototype tool, Simon, corresponds to an independent responsibility assignment that can be implemented in parallel; and (3) our approach supports automatic traceability and change impact analysis.


As with the growth of social media marketing, conventional marketing tactics have increasingly been abandoned, and customer purchasing behaviours have transformed as well. Social media marketing techniques are founded on social media platforms where consumers actively seek information about a product or service and the opinions of other consumers before making a purchasing decision. The sharing of brands, product reviews, and user experiences is a component of e-WOM, or electronic word of mouth, in which information is transmitted and received via the Internet. Electronic word-of-mouth and social media marketing will have an effect on brand loyalty and, eventually, on consumers' purchase intentions. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of social media marketing, brand loyalty, and electronic word-of-mouth on customers' purchase intentions, using the purchase of a mobile smart phone as an example. 200 questionnaires will be collected in Guangzhou at the conclusion of the study. Five alternative theories are advanced and examined. The findings indicate that social media marketing, brand loyalty, and electronic word of mouth all have a significant impact on customer behaviours that result in buy or repurchase intentions. These findings imply that social media marketing should place a premium on positive word of mouth, generating a favourable impression, and promoting consumer involvement in order to foster brand loyalty.


Through conducting preparation of evading duty and differring between it and tax evasion, managing strategies will be understood and taken seriansly by dealers and accountants. Base on the promises of the tax law or no violation of it, enterprises organize and arrange the activities of operating, investment, and managing money in oder to save tax costs and tax gains, to reach the maximum after-tax profit. Enterprises should establish consciousness of tax preparation, protect their own rights and interests in legal way, therefore improve their benefit. It is their duty to pay taxes while it is also their right to conduct preparation of evade duty according to the law.


THE PURPOSE of this report is to present the clinical findings in a typical case of optic neuroencephalomyelopathy (neuromyelitis optica) with corroborative pathologic studies. This syndrome was first described by Allbutt 1 in 1870 but was so well summarized and analyzed by Devic 2 in 1894 that it is usually associated with his name. It consists of bilateral optic or retrobulbar neuritis and ascending myelitis manifested by paraplegia of the upper motor neuron type, which is commonly preceded by sensory disturbances. As pointed out in the standard textbooks of neurology and in a recent and excellent review of the literature by Silbermann, 3 this condition must be differentiated from the more acute encephalomyelitis arising spontaneously or after acute infections, from encephalitis periaxialis diffusa (Schilder's disease), which occurs in infancy and in childhood, and from the more chronic and relapsing multiple sclerosis. Often called diffuse myelitis with optic neuritis, neuromyelitis optica,


Private set intersection (PSI) all two parties need to calculate the intersection of the sender and the receiver, and do not need to communicate with each other. At present this protocol is widely used in the field of information security. and PSI based on different technologies has been proposed. However, it is difficult for existing psi protocols to determine the best solution in each scenario. especially because they are not compared in the same environment. In addition, the existing psi protocols are several orders of magnitude slower than the hash method in practice,.


Background— Levodopa is the most effective therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), but chronic treatment is associated with the development of potentially disabling motor complications. Experimental studies suggest that motor complications are due to non-physiologic, intermittent administration of the drug, and can be reduced with continuous delivery. Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is a form of levodopa that can be delivered continuously through an intrajejunal percutaneous tube. Methods— We performed a 12-week double-blind, double-dummy, double-titration, multi-center trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LCIG compared to optimized, oral, immediate-release levodopa-carbidopa (LC-IR) in advanced PD patients with motor complications. The primary endpoint was change from baseline to final visit in motor "Off" time. Motor "On" time without troublesome dyskinesia was the key secondary endpoint. Findings— 71 patients with advanced PD were randomized to receive continuous LCIG infusion plus placebo LC-IR capsules (n=37) or to receive LC-IR capsules plus continuous placebo LCIG infusion (n=34). Both groups were titrated to optimal effect. 93% of subjects (n=66) completed the trial. In comparison to LC-IR, LCIG significantly reduced "Off" time by a mean (±SE) of 1·91±0·57 hours (P=0·0015) and increased "On" time without troublesome dyskinesia by a mean of 1·86±0·65 hours (P=0·006). Adverse events were primarily related to the surgical procedure and the device, and while potentially serious, were not associated with residual deficit or mortality. Interpretation— In comparison to standard oral LC-IR, LCIG significantly reduced "Off" time and increased "On" time without troublesome dyskinesia in patients with advanced PD. Adverse events were largely due to the procedure and the device. Benefits are of greater magnitude than have been obtained with medical therapies to date, and represent the first demonstration of the benefit of continuous levodopa delivery in a double-blind controlled study.


Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a common presenting problem in septic wards of Government hospitals. Ignorance plays a role in application of counter irritants as a remedy for minor ailments, which may result in necrotizing fasciitis.
 Aim: A pilot study was conducted to identify an association between application of counter irritants and subsequent development of NF.
 Materials and Methods: Patients presented with features of NF were queried with a structured pro forma regarding application of counter irritants.
 Results: Seventy six out of One Hundred and Ten patients confessed to application of various aromatic resinous substances. Conclusion: There is a strong index of suspicion that irritant balms may be one of the etiological agent or an aggravating factor in causation of NF.


targeted on the auditing report for listed corporations in the Chinese economic ring, the paper makes a comparative study on the contents and form of auditing report in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. There are reasons for the differences existed in the auditing report,the paper says that we can use the experiences of auditing report in both Hong Kong and Taiwan, and to reform the auditing report system in Mainland China.


Malignant eccrine poroma is a rare disease with approximately 200 cases reported in the literature. Regional cutaneous and systemic metastases are rarely observed and their management has been generally unsuccessful. We report on a case in which topical 5‐fluorouracil application and intra‐arterial chemotherapy with docetaxel resulted in a histologically confirmed complete response of multiple regional skin metastases for more than 2 years. Despite intravenous administration of docetaxel, slow progression of systemic disease was observed.


Using the exact solution methods developed and illustrated previously, we systematically explore (ω, k) space in order to determine all the unstable modes of velocity-shear-produced electromagnetic waves in magnetized, relativistic electron beams (here ω and k are the complex frequency and real wavenumber). This is done for various physical parameters of the problem, namely shear factor and ratio of pipe to beam radii. The solution of the dispersion relation is supplemented by a marginal stability analysis based on the behaviour of the turning points of the purely real-frequency solution ωr, (k): these are bifurcation points where complex solutions originate or terminate.


In this paper, at first, compressive sensing theory involves introducing measurement matrices to dedicate the signal dimension and so sensing cost reduction, and sparse domain to examine the conditions for the possibility of signal recovering, are explained. In addition, three well known recovery algorithms called Matching Pursuit (MP), Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP), and L1-Norm are briefly introduced. Then, the performance of three mentioned recovery algorithms are compared with respect to the mean square error (MSE) and the result images quality. For this purpose, Gaussian and Bernoulli as the measurement matrices are used, where Haar and Fourier as sparse domains are applied.


Eighteen students (K–11th grade) with emotional/behavioral disorders who were at-risk for change of placement to more restrictive settings participated. Construct validity of functional behavioral assessment (FBA) was assessed with a multifunction-multimethod matrix that showed excellent convergent and divergent agreement with combined FBA methods and functional analysis results. Treatment validity was assessed with random assignment to either a FBA with consultation condition (FBC) or to a behavioral consultation without FBA condition (BC). Growth curve analysis showed a significant decrease in inappropriate behavior from baseline to treatment for both treatment groups compared to a control group. The efficiency of teachers' implementation effected treatment validity. Effect sizes showed that regardless of treatment condition that interventions with good fidelity realized the largest effect (d 1.14). Social and habilitative validity was assessed with telephone interviews conducted a year after treatment. Sixty-five percent attributed the students' problem behaviors to their thoughts or feelings, whereas only 25% attributed it to classroom variables. Many (57%) indicated the most helpful intervention would be individual counseling, whereas only 14% indicated a more involved classroom management plan would be useful.


This work analyzes the different kinds of authorship in the 16 core Spanish communication journals from 2007 to 2009. Individual and multiple authorship of the 1,182 articles published by these journals are quantified and classified according to the number of authors and its aggregation by institution; the typology of collaborations is established; and the profile of the field is drawn. The results reveal a growing field with increasing but still limited emergence of collective authorships and collaboration networks.


The content of the crude protein, the crude fiber, ash and DMD in the forage samples collected from sheep esophageal fistula were compared with those collected by hand plucking method, and there were significantly different between them (P0.01),especially in October .The results also indicated that the forage sample collected by the hand plucking method did not reflect the complete and real condition of the diets by grazing sheep onalpine pasture .


The aim of present study was to assess the relationship among morphological traits and identify the components that define body conformation in a synthetic White Leghorn strain using multivariate procedure principal component analysis. Data were collected from the records of synthetic White Leghorn strain maintained at Poultry Breeding Farm, LUVAS, Hisar. A total of 12 different morphological traits, viz. 40 week body weight, beak length, comb length, keel length, body length, breast girth, breast angle, radius-ulna length, shank length, shank circumference, back length and tail length were recorded and statistical analysis revealed the means for corresponding traits as 1972.65 g, 2.25 cm, 10.74 cm, 12.61 cm, 33.10 cm, 31.40 cm, 55.19 degree, 13.28 cm, 8.37 cm, 4.33 cm, 26.58 cm and 22.94 cm, respectively. Phenotypic correlations among considered body measurements were found to be positive and highly significant varying from 0.394 (breast angle-back length) to 0.965 (body length-back length). All body measurements taken into the study showed high correlation with 40 week body weight indicating the possible use of body measurements in predicting body weight in synthetic White Leghorn strain. The extracted single component explained 75.307% of the total variability in the original parameters and had high loadings for all the considered traits except breast angle. Communality estimates varied from 0.313 (breast angle) to 0.900 (body length) in present study. Further, low communality estimate for breast angle observed in this study indicated that breast angle is frail in elucidating the total variation in body measurements of synthetic White Leghorn strain.


We consider multiple non-interacting quantum mechanical two-level systems coupled to a common bosonic bath and study its quantum phase transition with Monte Carlo simulations using a continuous imaginary time cluster algorithm. The common bath induces an effective ferromagnetic interaction between the otherwise independent two-level systems, which can be quantified by an effective interaction strength. For degenerate energy levels above a critical value of the bath coupling strength $\alpha$ all two-level systems freeze into the same state and the critical value $\alpha_c$ decreases asymptotically as $1/N$ with increasing $N$. For a finite number, $N$, of two-level systems the quantum phase transition (at zero temperature) is in the same universality class as the single spin-boson model, in the limit $N\to\infty$ the system shows mean-field critical behavior independent of the power of the spectral function of the bosonic bath. We also study the influence of a spatial separation of the spins in a bath of bosonic modes with linear dispersion relation on the location and characteristics of the phase transition as well as on correlations between the two-level systems.


Spring environments are groundwater dependent ecosystems, which play an important role for biodiversity. In Swedish forests there is an abundance of springs, many of which risk being affected by forestry nearby. In the EU project GRIP on LIFE IP where, among others, the Swedish Forest Agency take part, wetlands and streams will be brought to attention and possibly restored. In these biotopes, spring environments are included. The purpose of this master thesis is to provide knowledge about how springs can be affected by forestry nearby and how it is possible to measure and also to prevent these changes.

A literature study, an analysis of groundwater data and a field study have been performed. The literature study showed among other things that that a common effect from deforestation is an increased groundwater level and that a common threat to spring environments is damage from soil disturbance. In the data analysis, groundwater levels from groundwater stations close to deforested areas were studied. Two different methods were used: visual evaluation with linear regression, and modified double mass analysis. In the field trip, two locations with springs close to deforested areas were visited, and among other things, a measurement of water flow was performed with an object floating on the water surface.

The result from the modified double mass analysis showed an increase of the groundwater level following deforestation in two of seven groundwater stations. The visual evaluation with linear regression showed not to be a suitable method for this kind of data analysis. In the field study, more springs than were stated in SGU's spring archive were found. None of them were harmed by soil disturbance. The method for measuring water flow gave a relatively vague result and could not be used in one of the springs.

The fact that the groundwater stations were not optimally placed for this study was a source of error for the data analysis, which possibly could have shown ground water level increases in more cases had the stations been placed so that they definitely had hydraulic contact with the deforestation areas. However, modified double mass analysis showed to be a useful tool for examining changes in groundwater levels over time. A more reliable method of measuring spring water flows than the one used in the field study seems to be to use a flow meter, for springs with a distinct flow.

Even if deforestation would result in an increased groundwater level and spring water flow, it is not certain that it would have a negative impact on the spring environment. However, it might make the soil waterlogged which in turn increases the risk of soil disturbance. There are recognized methods of preservation of nature values in forestry and established goals from the forest sector specified for springs and spring affected areas. However, forest owners can be unaware of springs on their land and the value of the springs, which increases the risk of harming the spring environments. It is to some extent possible to restore damaged spring environments but a first priority should be to protect the spring environments and thereby prevent negative effects on them.


Within the last decade, organizational scholars have grown increasingly aware of the importance of capturing phenomenon at the within-person level of analysis, tracking how constructs–such as emotions, justice, motivation, and performance–vary across measurement occasions. Although within-person sampling methods provide data that better matches many psychological theories, these methods still leave significant gaps in psychological processes, failing to precisely capture how, when, and why constructs change over the course of time. To address this limitation, we suggest using continuous rating assessments to fully capture the "in vivo" experience of employees when the theoretical focus is on within-event dynamics. In this paper, we discuss best practices for implementing continuous rating methodology, review past research that has used it, consider organizational questions that could be addressed with such a methodology, and discuss analytic tools that are suitable for data produced from this technique.


A simple approximate method is described for finding the surface charge and current density on a thin torus of arbitrary cross section. A torus with an elliptical cross section is discussed as an example. The solution of this problem is important, in particular, for calculating the equilibrium of a toroidal plasma in a magnetic field.


THE American literature on economies and diseconomies of large-scale firms in agriculture is a curious mixture of riches and poverty. There are numerous empirical studies of size economies in agriculture, supplemented in the past decade by a growing volume of synthesized data, using simulation models and engineering-economic approaches [4]. But there are virtually no studies that explore in breadth and detail the problems that would arise if we had truly large-scale firms. The deficiency is easily explained though less easily excused. With a handful of exceptions, there are no truly large-scale firms in American agriculture. The few that exist are sensitive to investigation or study and remain generally inaccessible to economists and researchers if not always to Fortune reporters [3, 6]. There are no valid data on input-output relations, management problems, or marketing structures to use in synthesizing a 100,000-acre corn and oil-seed farm for Iowa, a 5,000-cow dairy farm under Minnesota conditions, or a 50,000-acre irrigated cotton farm in the Imperial Valley of California. Yet producing units (it is misleading to say farms) of these sizes and types exist in the Soviet Union, India, in the Sudan, and elsewhere. It is not madness to suggest that they could develop in the United States, and some Florida, Texas, and California farms seem well on the way. The intent of this paper is to speculate (it cannot be more than that) on some of the probable consequences if they should.


A review of works devoted to the problem of energy transfer by a beam of radio waves is presented. Methods and algorithms for finding optimum phase and amplitude distributions in radiating wireless power transmission systems are developed. Numerical methods of the phase synthesis of antennas for a field in the Fresnel area are elaborated. The example of the synthesis field is shown. The uniform-amplitude antenna system of 10 sub apertures was taken. The initial phase distribution was zero. The distribution of the radiated field in the Fresnel area is investigated. It was required to suppress the level of radiation in the zone of the second side lobe to keep the maximum possible value of power transmitting efficiency. In accordance with the described algorithm, after three iterations, the level of the second side lobe has decreased by more than 20 dB while the power transmission efficiency has fallen by less than 2%.


This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of soursop (Annona muricata L.) extract on Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to in vivo 28-day repeated doses. The extract was given to the study group via force feeding. In the 28-day study, Annona muricata L. extract was dosed at 0 (CD, control dose), 0.5 (LD, low dose), 1.0 (MD, medium dose), 2.0g/kg (HD, high dose) body weight. For control group, distilled water was given to the animals. Administration of Annona muricata L. extract did not cause negative effect in blood hematology even though a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in platelet level was noted. Result from serum biochemical test showed that the consumption of the extract did not result in liver and kidney failure. The total antioxidant status (TAS) increased significantly as the dosages increased. However the incresase were within the normal laboratory limits.


X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD; OMIM 300100), the most frequent peroxisomal disorder, presents as a severe neurodegenerative disease with widely varying clinical phenotypes. The biochemical characteristic of X-ALD is the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA), which should normally be degraded by the peroxisomal b-oxidation pathway, in plasma and tissues of X-ALD patients. It is still a mystery how increased VLCFA levels are connected to the pathophysiology of X-ALD, i.e. the loss of myelin on nerve fibers and the destruction of adrenocortical cells. In 1993, the disease-associated gene ABCD1 (ALD) was identified by Mosser and coworkers using a positional cloning strategy [1] and surprisingly turned out to encode a peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette (ABC) half transporter, the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP). Now, eleven years later, the function of this protein still remains to be elucidated and no satisfying cure for the fatal course of X-ALD is available. Next to ALDP, three additional mammalian peroxisomal ABC half transporters have been identified: ALDRP, PMP70 and P70R, which share 66, 35 and 25 % identity, respectively, with ALDP and are encoded by the genes ABCD2, ABCD3 and ABCD4, respectively. Thus, ALDR is the protein most closely related to ALDP and based on the high degree of amino acid conservation, hope was raised that ALDP and ALDR would have similar or overlapping functions. Already at that time, a novel strategy for treatment of X-ALD was suggested based on pharmacological stimulation of the related ABCD2 gene in disease-relevant cell types, in order to increase the amount of ALDRP to compensate for loss of ALDP in X-ALD patients. The principle of this therapeutic approach and the results obtained so far will be the subject of this chapter.


ABSTRACT Deforestation and land-cover changes have transformed the Argentinian Dry Chaco into a mosaic dominated by crops and ranch fields. Although land-use activities are seen as one of the major driving forces of biodiversity loss, the specific impacts in this ecoregion are poorly understood. In this study, we analyse the effects of land uses and management on ground-dwelling spiders in agroecosystems of the Dry Chaco, in the North of Argentina. We identified four land-use classes: secondary forests, pastures, orchards, and crops. Additionally, 15 environmental variables were recorded within these land-use classes. Management, tree cover and species richness of trees, shrubs and herbs were the most important variables determining spider community composition. Three families, lycosids (Lycosidae), thomisids (Thomisidae), and zodariids (Zodariidae), were associated as taxonomic indicators as well as functional indicators of the different groups of land uses; thus suggesting that functional traits of ground-dwelling spiders reflect habitat changes within the agricultural landscape they inhabit.


The present methodology described the chemo-selective hydrogenation of various nitroarenes in a flow reactor under polystyrene supported rhodium in a catalyst-cartridge (Cart-Rh@PS) as a heterogeneous nano-catalyst.


Abstract:Collaboration has become an essential feature of academic research globally. It offers a number of benefits to the participating institutions, such as improved research output, enhanced visibility and higher ranking in academic league tables. The University of Nigeria is currently involved with many of such collaborations with institutions in different parts of the world. The essential features of these collaborations include the exchange of staff and students and the joint participation in funded research. Over the years, these collaborations have yielded the desired benefits to our university and our partners. Thus, in spite of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated disruptions, we intend to retain all existing collaborations, while seeking and fostering new ones in various fields. In addition, we intend to take advantage of the opportunities created by virtual or remote connections to continue to be part of the global network of researchers.</abs>


The aim of this article is an analysis of the Iranian policy towards the region of Western Balkans, mainly the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, since the early 1990s until present days. The security and political dimensions of mutual relation between Iran and Bosnia and Herzegovina are examined. This country has been on the focus of Iranian foreign policy for decades. The article maps Iranian political, religious and cultural activities in the country during and after the civil war. One of the main outcomes of the text is the analysis of stagnation, and we might say even fall of Iranian influence in the region caused by changing of the international atmosphere, Iranian regime itself and the decline of Iranian money flow to Bosnia and Herzegovina caused by problematic economic situation in the Islamic Republic suffering the lack of sources.


This paper develops a discussion begun in earlier papers between 2010 and 2012 by members of the Technological Literacy Division of ASEE. Technological literacy is a muddled concept for which reason members of the Technological Literacy Division led by John Krupczak have found it necessary to distinguish between two literaciesengineering and technological [1]. Accompanying this work, Mani Mina and others have also established a framework for the design and implementation of minor courses for the development of engineering and technological literacy among non-engineers [2]. It follows immediately from the argument that if engineering is necessarily a component of liberal education, and that if it is used as the focal point of a program of integrated study, the barriers that have been erected between liberal education and vocational education break down [3]. The first intention of this paper is to argue that the pursuit of technological literacy necessarily involves the pursuit of engineering literacy. Secondly, it demonstrates a model of technological literacy in which the two literacies are conflated. It is shown that the capabilities required by the model would also meet the requirements of such groups of employers as those who responded to the report from the Minnesota Office of Higher Education [3]. The third intention is to argue that reconciliation between the two literacies is more easily accomplished if new curriculum structures can be embraced. While it is understood that particular notions of curriculum structure are deeply embedded in a culture, it is argued that this embededness prevents a culture from reflecting on how it should respond to the explosion in knowledge that has occurred in the last century. This requires thinking outside the box about alternative curriculum structures. A model curriculum for a college engineering and technological literacy program is described. Its framework is derived from elements of an experimental program in technology education designed for the transition year of Irish post-primary education. It was based on Whitehead's theory of rhythm in learning. Following a brief introduction the paper begins with a discussion of the differences between engineering and technological literacy Introduction; defining technological and engineering literacy Irrespective of the internet, knowledge in all areas of learning information continues to expand, and the internet makes it readily available. How it is handled, as the flow of papers published in IEEE Technology and Society and other journals show, is becoming increasingly problematic for knowledge is one of the most useful mechanisms of control that we have. Ease of information availability brings with it problems of ownership, intellectual property rights, privacy, and in extremis secrecy. Its handling also brings with it the need for higher order thinking skills in order for individuals and groups to cope with major moral issues as well as such things as new types of social relationship, psychological problems of IT addiction, and issues relating to personal feelings of control. To deal with these problems the new knowledge area of technological literacy has been developed. Recently the idea of "engineering literacy" has been added to the concept of technological literacy. As might be expected this has caused some confusion. How technological and engineering literacies are differentiated from each other is a matter of considerable importance. For example, Krupczak has pointed out (private communication) P ge 24356.2 2 that many groups are now combining technological literacy and engineering literacy without much concern for distinguishing between the two. In this respect he draws attention to the fact that the US based International Technology Association has recently changed its name to the International Technology and Engineering Association (ITEA) [4]. This association has been involved in the development of a test of engineering and technological literacy as part of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAERP) test in the US [5]. Krupczak argues, perhaps controversially, that ITEA appended engineering to its name and mission with little outward indication of any change in its philosophical alignment. This is unsurprising since the Association is representative of school teachers, few of whom would have practised engineering. The problem underlines the value of the work undertaken by Krupczak and his colleagues in clarifying these terms as a basis for philosophical discussion. Krupczak et al in their justification of the development of programs in engineering and technological literacy write that since "engineering concepts are pervasive in decision making within industry, government, education, health care" every citizen should be exposed in their education "to the central ideas and principles underlying our technological society" [1]. They find support for this view in the National Academy of Engineering's reports on "Technically Speaking: Why all Americans Need to Know more about Technology", and "Changing the Conversation. Messages for Improving Public Understanding of Engineering" [6]. No wonder then that a variety of courses in the guise of technological literacy have been introduced in the United States, or that there is much discourse about their content arising from the meaning that technology has for different groups of people. For example, a key issue for engineering policy makers is whether "technology" and "engineering" are synonymous "concepts". That this should be an issue is not surprising for, while there seems to be a public stereotype of the "technologist", a term that is often linked with "scientist" there seems to be no great perception of what it is that engineers do, or of the significance of the term "engineering". This may be regarded as harmful to the image of the engineer and consequently to the engineer's status in society. So a key question for engineers is where does engineering literacy fit into the muddle that has become technological literacy? The Krupczak et al, paper grew out of an attempt by members of the Technological Literacy Division of the American Society for Engineering Education to respond to these issues. They set out to offer a "well-defined understanding of each of these areas" as "an essential first step in developing a means to promote these understandings in the undergraduate general education program". They presented several different ways of distinguishing between engineering and technological literacy. In one of them they argued that "engineering literacy is viewed as having a focus directed more toward the process of creating technological artefacts or systems." In contrast "technological literacy includes a broader view of products or results of the engineering process as well as the relation between technology and society". Krupzcak et al acknowledge that the "extent to which engineering and technological literacy form a subset of each other remains a topic for future discussion and investigation". On the basis of a process/product view of the issue Krupczak et al argue that a person who is P ge 24356.3 3 technologically literate would have a "knowledge or ability to design, analyze or otherwise create the constituent parts of the....", and they give the example of the motor car. This may be compared with the broader view cited immediately above [1]. They point out that in spite of the fact that "technology can be viewed as identifiable things that result from engineering or related work" and should therefore "include some knowledge of these concepts, systems and processes" the "term engineering is not treated systematically by any of the technological literacy standards" [1]. The implications for the curriculum are profound. At one extreme, content arises from consideration of the impact of technology on society and individuals in particular, and at the other end of the spectrum, it arises from the needs of non-engineers to deal with engineers and engineering in their everyday activities. Given this scenario it is possible to envisage two (or more) entirely different programs in technological literacy. The question arises as to how these two might be linked in order to generate a common understanding of what it is to be engineering and technologically literate. The purpose of this study is to argue that reconciliation between the two literacies is more easily accomplished if new approaches to curriculum structure can be embraced. While it is understood that the present notion of curriculum structure is deeply embedded in cultures, it is argued that this prevents a culture from reflecting in its programs the explosion of knowledge that has brought with it a much greater understanding of how individuals and teams learn, or the need for non-uniform blocks of knowledge that inform that understanding. A curriculum model that steps outside the plausibility structure will be presented. Engineering, technology, liberal education and the development of transferable skills In a paper to the Technological Literacy Division of ASEE in 2010 it was argued that engineering was necessarily a component of liberal education [7]. The defining characteristic of liberal education was "enlargement of mind". This "enlargement" was achieved by the capacity to perceive inter-relationships between the areas that comprise "universal knowledge" as it is currently understood. It follows that consideration of the "product" (technological literacy) without consideration of the "process" (engineering literacy) is not a liberal education. Furthermore, although not expressed in this way in the classical literature on the topic, this "enlargement" contributed to the development of the whole person, an aim that is often expressed by liberal educators. The paper demonstrated how engineering problem solving and finding mirrored the process of liberal education. The solution of engineering p


a,b: different letters in the same row show statistical differences (P<0.05). *No of usable oocytes / ovary = No of quality 1 oocytes / ovary + No of quality 2 oocytes / ovary + No of quality 3 oocytes / ovary Conclusions The number of usable oocytes is the same between slicing and aspiration in sheep. In the other hand, in goat the number is greater in slicing. Between sheep and goat the number of usable oocytes is greater in goat both in slicing and aspiration.


Making Modifications Arginylation of β-actin regulates cell motility and the actin cytoskeleton, but how differential arginylation of the two highly similar actin isoforms—β and γ—is achieved in vivo is unclear. Zhang et al. (p. 1534; see the Perspective by Weygand-Durasevic and Ibba) describe a cotranslational mechanism that selectively regulates the arginylation of proteins through degradation and is dependent on the nucleotide coding sequence coupled to the translation speed. The work provides an explanation for the different N-terminal arginylation states of β- and γ-actin in vivo and suggests translation rate affected by nucleotide coding sequence confers different posttranslational states to proteins and selectively regulates protein degradation. The translational speed of proteins influences whether they are cotranslationally degraded after arginylation. The mammalian cytoskeletal proteins β- and γ-actin are highly homologous, but only β-actin is amino-terminally arginylated in vivo, which regulates its function. We examined the metabolic fate of exogenously expressed arginylated and nonarginylated actin isoforms. Arginylated γ-actin, unlike β-, was highly unstable and was selectively ubiquitinated and degraded in vivo. This instability was regulated by the differences in the nucleotide coding sequence between the two actin isoforms, which conferred different translation rates. γ-actin was translated more slowly than β-actin, and this slower processing resulted in the exposure of a normally hidden lysine residue for ubiquitination, leading to the preferential degradation of γ-actin upon arginylation. This degradation mechanism, coupled to nucleotide coding sequence, may regulate protein arginylation in vivo.


At present, application of SystemVue is mainly concentrated on communication field. It is rarely used in the radar system simulation. Symtem Vue has superior performance in simulation, which can satisfy the needs of simulation system in radar network. This paper is focused on its application in data fusion system of radar network. Firstly, the basic situation of SystemVue is introduced briefly. Then, aiming at fire control radar network and combined with Matlab, the data fusion system construction is completed based on SystemVue simulation platform, thus the feasibility of using SystemVue for simulating data fusion system is verified. And at the same time, the visibility and flexibility of SystemVue in system simulation is proved. For its unique advantages, SystemVue simulation software will have great application prospect in the field of radar system simulation.


Abstract Most maintenance models assume perfect maintenance, where a system becomes as good as new after each maintenance action. However, in reality system's performance deteriorates over time. This work investigates a system's performance when subjected to failures which are imperfectly repaired. Two cases are regarded: Maintenance by repair and replacement and maintenance by probabilistic repair and replacement. The objective is to asses the system's long run behavior by deriving closed expressions for its operational probability.


The authors are to be congratulated for providing the mining and geotechnical community with a well documented account explaining why a disastrous flow movement of tailings occurred from the breach of the Merriespruit gold tailings impoundment in South Africa in 1994. Lessons learned from this disaster should not be lost on the profession. Some important aspects however beg further elaboration and recognition.


Ag(BF4) reacts with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) of the type 1,3-dialkyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (LR, R = Me, Et, i-Pr) under formation of [Ag(LR)2]+ complexes. [Ag(LEt)2](BF4) and [Ag(Li-Pr)2](BF4) can be isolated from such procedures as air-stable solids, while the methyl derivative decomposes rapidly in the reaction mixture. The Ag–carbene bond lengths in [Ag(Li-Pr)2](BF4) are 2.08(1) A. This is in accordance with the bonding situation in other Ag NHC complexes and does on its own not allow conclusions to be drawn concerning the bonding order or the reactivity of the compound.

Reactions of [Ag(LEt)2](BF4) with common rhenium(V) starting materials such as [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] or (NBu4)[ReOCl4] give the known ReV NHC complex [ReO2(LEt)4]+. This transmetallation reaction represents a new approach to rhenium or technetium NHC complexes which possess potential for applications in nuclear medicine.


Synthesis of nano-BaWO4 by a modified combustion technique and its suitability for various applications are reported. The structure and phase purity of the sample analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform Raman, and infrared spectroscopy show that the sample is phase pure with tetragonal structure. The particle size from the transmission electron microscopy is 22 nm. The basic optical properties and optical constants of the nano BaWO4 are studied using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy which showed that the material is a wide band gap semiconductor with band gap of 4.1 eV. The sample shows poor transmittance in ultraviolet region while maximum in visible-near infrared regions. The photoluminescence spectra show intense emission in blue region. The sample is sintered at low temperature of 810°C, without any sintering aid. Surface morphology of the sample is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The dielectric constant and loss factor measured at 5 MHz are 9 and . The temperature coefficient of dielectric constant is −22 ppm/°C. The experimental results obtained in the present work claim the potential use of nano BaWO4 as UV filters, transparent films for window layers on solar cells, antireflection coatings, scintillators, detectors, and for LTCC applications.


The paper presents a novel approach to semantic Web service matchmaking, which involves a use of multilinear data representation and processing. The proposed solution involves the use of a novel tensor data filtering method based on a set of covariance matrices derived from a hierarchical tensor structure. We provide results of experimental evaluation of the proposed solution conducted with the use of the Semantic Service Selection (S3) contest dataset. The evaluation has been done using the standard Information Retrieval methodology that assumes the methodologically correct partitioning of the dataset on mutually exclusive subsets: the training set and the testing set. The experimental evaluation results presented in the paper indicate superiority of the covariance-based tensor filtering method over other state-of-the-art tensor processing methods in terms of the matchmaking quality measured using mean average precision and Area Under the ROC curve (AUROC) measures. Keywords–Semantic Service Selection; tensor-based multirelational data modeling.


Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of the decompression of the infraorbital canal in treating trigeminal neuralgia(Ⅱ),and further to study the pathogenesis out of foramen ovale. Methods: 31 patients with the trigeminal neuralgia(Ⅱ) which the infraorbital and anterior superior alveolar nerves are involved were treated by the decompression of the infraorbital canal. 30 patients were followed up. The period of follow-up was 6.1 months in average(1~10 months). Results: Among 30 patients, 50%(15/30) cases had an excellent response, 36.7%(11/30) cases had a good response, and 13.3%(4/30) cases had a poor response. The postoperative successful rate( excellent and good) was 86.7%(26/30). The relief time of 26 patients was in 24 hours after operation. Conclusions: Decompression of the infraorbital canal has higher successful rate and lower incident rate of the complications. It can be used as a first-chosen method to treat trigeminal neuralgia(Ⅱ) excluding the compression on other parts of trigeminal nerve. The clinic experiences also support the hypothesis that the compression in bone canal/foramen can also induce trigeminal neuralgia.


The effect of pesticides on human, animal and environmental health has been cause of concern in the scientific community for a long time. Numerous studies have reported that pesticides are not harmless and that their use can lead to harmful biological effects in the medium and long term, in exposed human and animals, and their offspring. The importance of early detection of genetic damage is that it allows us to take the necessary measures to reduce or eliminate the exposure to the deleterious agent when damage is still reversible, and thus to prevent and to diminish the risk of developing tumors or other alterations. In this paper we reviewed the main concepts in the field, the usefulness of genotoxicity studies and we compiled studies performed during the last twenty years on genetic monitoring of people occupationally exposed to pesticides. We think that genotoxicity tests, including that include chromosomal aberrations, micronucleous, sister chromatid exchanges and comet assays, should be considered as essential tools in the implementation of complete medical supervision for people exposed to potential environmental pollutants, particularly for those living in the same place as others who where others have already developed some type of malignancy. This action is particularly important at early stages to prevent the occurrence of tumors, especially from environmental origins.


The purpose of the study here reported is to determine how the ratings of teachers made by nine graduate students compare with the ratings made by the principal and the assistant principal when the same score card is used. Eight of the graduate students were men, all of whom had had experience as principals or superintendents in cities of more than io,ooo population. The ninth student was a woman, who had been a special supervisor of languages in secondary schools in a city of more than 0oo,ooo population. The score card was applied to fifteen teachers in service, all of whom were instructors in a high school. These fifteen high-school teachers had been in the particular' school system for more than five years and were selected because of this fact. It was assumed that the principal and the assistant principal knew the strong and the weak points of these teachers, and their judgment on the rating scale is used as the criterion for judging the ability of the graduate students to rate the efficiency of teachers' work. The rating scale was made up as follows: i. Personal fitness a) General appearance b) Mental poise c) Vitality 2. Classroom management a) Discipline b) Care of routine c) Care of room d) Study supervision 3. Teaching skill a) Evidence of careful planning b) Vitalized instruction


Out of 4036 independent reflections, 3828 with I > 2 sigma were used in structural calculations effected by the program ''Syntex XTL'' on a Nova 1200 minicomputer and by the program ''Struktura'' on an ES-1022 computer. The heavy-atom method was used to make the final refinement to R = 0.037, taking account of the anisotropy of the thermal vibrations of the atoms. The atomic coordinates are listed in a table.


This is a theoretical discussion, in the light of the ideas of Paulo Freire, on education and the work of nursing as a profession that educates/is educated. Education happens all the time, in the relation of citizens with one another, with the world and with themselves, being a historical, social, cultural and permanent process. Nurses develop an educational role, with both the clients and the health team, therefore, it is important to highlight the necessity to reflect more deeply about their formation. This is only the beginning of the path that is necessary to explore in the search for being more.


This study represent an experimental study of PCM floor radiant heating system. The results obtained from the study are summarized as follows; 1) PCM floor radiant heating system is an inser-tion of a 10 mm thick PCM into the existing standard floor structure, which has the advantage of good construct ability due to no additional process. 2) It was confirmed that the PCM thread remains higher than the normal room. In particular, it was found that the temperature of hot water pipes under the pipes was maintained at 36℃ or higher after four hours after the boiler was stopped. Therefore, we have seen that the room temperature of the PCM floor radiant heating system is longer than the general floor heating system, PCM Floor Radiant Heating is considered to improve the comfort of indoor residents.


Lately there has been much focus on the use of alcohol in the community, specifically among young people. This in part has been driven by current political and media attention. There has, however, been much less focus on alcohol use amongst people who regularly inject drugs (injecting drug users, IDUs). People who regularly inject drugs are particularly at risk for alcohol related harms due to a high prevalence of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Sixty-two percent of IDU interviewed (n=1912) in the Australian NSP Survey were found to have HCV antibodies and the prevalence was higher for indigenous and recently incarcerated IDUs (National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research 2007) . Given that the consumption of alcohol has been found to exacerbate HCV infection and to increase the risk of both non-fatal and fatal opioid overdose and depressant overdose (Darke, Ross et al. 1996; Schiff and Ozden 2004; Coffin, Tracy et al. 2007; Darke, Duflou et al. 2007) it is timely to assess the impact of risky drinking among injecting drug users. The 2008 Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS) provided an opportunity to do this by examining alcohol use amongst a sentinel sample of regular IDU.


Studies on linear and nonlinear imperfections in the SLS storage ring operated at 2.4 GeV are presented. The influence of spurious vertical dispersion and linear coupling on the vertical emittance and possible correction schemes are discussed. The deterioration of the dynamic aperture caused by higher order multipoles is investigated based on field calculations. Furthermore the influence of ground waves on the orbit stability is estimated.


The study of polyacrylate dispersant by the domestic companies is progressing with its widely used in SC.In this paper,the effect of the polyacrylate dispersant with different structure and different manufacturers were tested on the tebuconazole 430 g·L~(-1) SC,imidacloprid 600 g·L~(-1) SC and chlorothalonil 720 g·L~(-1)·L~(-1) SC.The results showed that the viscosity,particles size and heat storage stability of the products were different between the used polyacrylate dispersant from the different domestic and international manufacturers,but no obvious effect on the application.


The study investigates the effects of mandatory political representation of women and non-forward castes in India (73rd Constitutional Amendment) on development preferences and social equity. We used systematic content analysis of proceedings from meetings of 155 rural village assemblies. The study revealed overemphasis on physical infrastructure, relative neglect of health and education, influence of state government directives and marginalization of gender issues. However, there was higher likelihood of articulation of non forward caste‐related issues by non‐forward caste chairpersons. A paradigm shift in the development perspective of local governments, stressing investments in leadership development is needed. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In the recent past, the Colombian government, with the approval of Congress, has embarked on new strategies to advance structural economic reforms and macroeconomic stability, reform the regulatory institutions and systems of control, and improve law and order. This report is prepared on the basis of the findings of a review of accounting and auditing standards and practices in Colombia. The review exercise focused mainly on the strengths and weaknesses of the institutional framework that supports a corporate financial reporting system in the country. The current legal and regulatory requirements on accounting have led to issuance of conflicting accounting standards from multiple sources. Legal arrangements that gave various regulatory bodies the right to determine the accounting requirements for entities falling under their jurisdiction have led to the predominance of special-purpose financial reporting. In practice, there is no operational concept of general-purpose financial reporting. This report provides policy recommendations to improve accounting and auditing practices, including strengthening enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance with accounting and auditing requirements and a professional code of ethics for auditors. In this context, it is recommended that a statutory regulatory body be established. Other policy recommendations include the creation of a Higher Council that would be responsible for issuing International Accounting Standards (IAS) and International Standards on Auditing (ISA) as local mandatory requirements for public interest entities; establishment of a new professional organization for auditors of financial statements; reformation of accounting curriculum and significant improvements in teaching capacity of accounting instructors at universities; and organization of training programs on practical aspects of IAS and ISA for accountants, auditors, and others.


Understanding the genetic basis of reproductive isolation is a central issue in the study of speciation. Structural variants (SVs); that is, structural changes in DNA, including inversions, translocations, insertions, deletions, and duplications, are common in a broad range of organisms and have been hypothesized to play a central role in speciation. Recent advances in molecular and statistical methods have identified structural variants, especially inversions, underlying ecologically important traits; thus, suggesting these mutations contribute to adaptation. However, the contribution of structural variants to reproductive isolation between species—and the underlying mechanism by which structural variants most often contribute to speciation—remain unclear. Here, we review (i) different mechanisms by which structural variants can generate or maintain reproductive isolation; (ii) patterns expected with these different mechanisms; and (iii) relevant empirical examples of each. We also summarize the available sequencing and bioinformatic methods to detect structural variants. Lastly, we suggest empirical approaches and new research directions to help obtain a more complete assessment of the role of structural variants in speciation.


A novel strategy for the synthesis of zinc thioporphyrazine nanospheres is presented. The uniform spheres were fabricated through a polymerization reaction without using any template or emulsifier, which result from the covalent links between zinc tetra(2,3-bis(pentenylthio)porphyrazine (ZnPz) possessing eight long flexible chains in periphery and each with one terminal olefin group. A possible mechanism to explain the self-assembly of ZnPz nanospheres was also illuminated through monitoring nanosphere formation by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). More importantly, ZnPz nanospheres can effectively activate dioxygen in aqueous media under simulated sunlight irradiation, and showed significantly improved photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) as compared to monomeric ZnPz. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species derived from ZnPz nanospheres under light irradiation were determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technology, indicating that singlet oxygen ([Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] and hydroxyl radical (•OH) are the major reactive oxygen species. The facile synthetic methodology and the enhanced photocatalytic performance of the ZnPz nanospheres endow this novel material with the potential of being an efficient biomimetic photocatalyst for wastewater treatment.


Abstract DEVELOPING LIBRARY AND INFORMATION CENTER COLLECTIONS, 4th Ed. Library and Information Science Text Series. Edward G. Evans and Margaret R. Zarnosky. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 2000, xxvi, 595 pp. Reviewed by James R. Kelly. GUIDE TO INFORMATION SOURCES IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES. David Stern. Libraries Unlimited, Inc., 2000, $65.00, ISBN 1-56308-751. Reviewed by Syed M. A. Khan. SELECTING AND MANAGING ELECTRONIC RESOURCES: A HOW-TO-DO-IT MANUAL FOR LIBRARIANS. Vicki L. Gregory. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc., 2000. 109 pp. Reviewed by Emilie R. Algenio. MUSICAL LIBRARIANSHIP AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY. Richard Griscom. Lanham, MD, and London: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., March 2000, Music Library Association, Technical Reports, No. 27, ISBN 0-8108-3866-4. Reviewed by Lesley Jorbin.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of perceived health status on life style and resocialization of elderly people participation in sports for all program. Total of 294, elderly people participated in this study. Data ware analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression with SPSS 18.0 ver. program. The results were as following. First, perceived health status influenced significantly on their life style. Second, perceived health status influenced significantly on their resocialization. Third, life style influenced significantly on resocialization.


With the remarkable progress and wider use of agricultural chemicals in Japan, (Diag.1),the amount used per acreage comes to be now the highest in the world. Accordingly the poisoning caused by them has recently also awfully increased its extent. The introduction of organic phosphor since 1952,and of organic mercury since 1953,both in great use for rice production,seems to have brought the specific evil on the health of the farmers who have been engaged in spraying and scattering of them.


It's very mistiness to the meaning of sustainable development,which is on the basis of traditional development view as well as the abidance development of economy.But firstly,differing from traditional development view,economic durative is not equal to sustainable development;secondly,technology cannot solve all the problems during development.Thirdly,sustainable development transfers the responsibility of the developed industry country to destroy environment.Finally,it is different from the development policy that bureaucrat and technology elited drawing the future,the development policy that citizen participates in decision-making.Thus,intending development project can be unadulterated sustainable development.


We investigated the influence of fiber that can support more than one propagation mode in the detection arm on the dynamic range of optical low-coherence reflectometry setup (OLCR). We theoretically and experimentally showed that the dynamic range in this case can be limited up to 20dB by parasitic spikes in the OLCR signal due to coupling of modes with different group delays. In our experiments we used MM fiber 160 cm section (core/cladding diameter 50/125 μm) and PM fiber HB980 (Δn=2*10-4, Fibercore Ltd., UK). We also experimentally showed that the single-mode fiber in the detection arm is not altered autocorrelation field function of the source.


With the increasement of devices, especially mobile wireless devices in networks, it is necessary to provide a mechanism of service discovery so that client can discover the needed service automatically and dynamically and then access to it. In this paper, the principal problems of service discovery and common requirements to its are generlized, four leading models of service discovery are introduced according to the organization and publication of services. The analysis and comparison of several available protocols and projects of service discovery are also presented. At last, the open issues about service discovery and conclusion are put forward.


Pre-excitation syndrome is a kind of clinically common disease.It is found that pre-excitation syndrome not only promotes the happening of atrial fibrilation,changs myocardial depolarization and provocates many kinds of arhythhmia,but also affects multiple aspects of cardiomotility and causes clinic reconstruction.So,it is very meaningful to further understand pre-excitation syndrome.


Objective To understand the behavior and the health status of different ethnic groups in Lushui county,and provide basis for improving the health policy in the minority areas.Methods 246 rural families were investigated by the random sampling method in 2007.Results Among 246 survey objects,the smoking rate was 45.9 percent,the smoking period of male smokers was 21.24±9.36 years and the daily smoking amount of them was 16±5 cigarettes.The drinking rate was 30.5 percent,the drinking period of male drinkers was 16.89±9.51 years and the daily drinking amount of them was 250 ml.The smoking rate and drinking rate of male were higher than that of female(P0.001).The drinking amount of Lisu nationality male farmers was higher than that of Bai nationality ones(P=0.005).The survey objects regarded that no illness meaned healthy and their self-assessment health status was good.Conclusion The smoking and drinking behaviors were generally acted by the rural residents,especially the Lisu nationality rural men.The positive health concept wasn't widely generated yet,and the health education for farmers should be strengthened.


Abstract This article explores the trajectory of Hélio Oiticica's commitment to the notion of the constructive, from his early career to the aftermath of his 1967 work Tropicália. It addresses Oiticica's particular way of dealing with the modernist legacy in the ever‐changing Brazilian cultural context, especially after the breakdown of the concretist and neoconcretist avant‐gardes in the early 1960s. The argument is staked on a side‐by‐side examination of works and writings by the artist, and the constructive is eventually understood as a conceptual threshold which the artist simultaneously retains and transforms, so as to account for the growing need to negotiate historical and ethico‐political demands within the context of the growing complexity of his work.


[Objective] To investigate quantitatively the differences and relationship between expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and P53 protein in ovarian epithelial tumors (OET). [Methods] The quantitative parameters were examined by means of Image Analysis System. 61 cases of OET tissues were stained in VEGF antigen and P53 protein by SP immunohistochemical method. [Results] The integral optical density (IOD) and the mean optical density (MOD) of VEGF and P53 expressions were more and more increased in benign tumors, borderline tumors and ovarian epithelial carcinomas. There were significant differences among them respectively (P﹤0.01). The positive correlation were noted between VEGF expression and P53 expression (P﹤0.05). [Conclusion] VEGF and P53 protein plays an important role in the oncogenesis and development of OET, and may be served as tumor marker to evaluate the biological behavior of OET.