The end face of the gear are scrapped due to a large number of holes on the surface.Macrostructure,microstructure,chemical composition are analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectrometry,optical microscopy and hydrogen analysis,and scrap reasons were discussed.The results showed that raw material had serious banded segregation,and end face segregation in corrosive environment formed holes,which made the gear scrapped.


Supersonic outflows from objects as varied as stellar jets, massive stars, and novae often exhibit multiple shock waves that overlap one another. When the intersection angle between two shock waves exceeds a critical value, the system reconfigures its geometry to create a normal shock known as a Mach stem where the shocks meet. Mach stems are important for interpreting emission-line images of shocked gas because a normal shock produces higher postshock temperatures, and therefore a higher-excitation spectrum than does an oblique shock. In this paper, we summarize the results of a series of numerical simulations and laboratory experiments designed to quantify how Mach stems behave in supersonic plasmas that are the norm in astrophysical flows. The experiments test analytical predictions for critical angles where Mach stems should form, and quantify how Mach stems grow and decay as intersection angles between the incident shock and a surface change. While small Mach stems are destroyed by surface irregularities and subcritical angles, larger ones persist in these situations and can regrow if the intersection angle changes to become more favorable. The experimental and numerical results show that although Mach stems occur only over a limited range of intersection angles and size scales, within these ranges they are relatively robust, and hence are a viable explanation for variable bright knots observed in Hubble Space Telescope images at the intersections of some bow shocks in stellar jets.


A 45-year-old woman presented to the emergency department 3 days after the acute onset of severe dysphagia, breathy dysphonia, and earache and pulsatile tinnitus in the left ear. Her medical history was unremarkable. Physical examination revealed leftward deviation of the protruded tongue that was consistent with a lesion in cranial nerve XII, hypernasal speech and rightward deviation of the soft palate on phonation that was consistent with lesions in cranial nerves IX and X, and a paralyzed left vocal cord detected on laryngoscopic examination that was consistent with a lesion in cranial nerve X (see video). Axial magnetic resonance images . . .


The objectives of this study were to investigate changes in the U.S. apparel import market, using data from major exporting countries from 1967 to 1977. The major exporting countries were divided into five regions, and 12 apparel cate gories were selected for analysis. Markov analysis was used to project the market shares of the five regions from 1978 to the year 2000. A comparison of actual and projected market shares indicated that most of the major changes in market shares had occurred by 1977. The overall stability of import market shares was also shown by the fact that market shares in 1987 and 2000 were close for 10 of the 12 categories examined. The Far East was the major supplier to the U.S. for most apparel categories, followed by developing countries in other parts of the world. In contrast, Japan, Western Europe, and Canada have ceased to be major factors in the U.S. import market. The dominance of imports from the developing regions is not surprising in view of the labor-intensive nature of apparel produc tion.


This paper summarizes the diversity of wing markings among Neuroptera from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Daohugou Village,Ningcheng C ounty,Inner Mongolia,China. Based on our studies of three thousand and forty specimens,we found twelve distinct types of wing markings in seven classes. We propose that the diversity of wing markings is closely related to the adaptability to the specific environment and the defense mechanism against predators during the Middle Jurassic.


Efkcfs offirding a yrotci~i scrpplcrno~nf fo dairy :llc(liojs iirlriur~ flrc dry pcrioii or7 pcrj1rrrli7iicr dlrrir~x flrc~j~lloioirr~ lr~cfnfior~ Z ~ J L ~ Y ~ inzlrsfigi7t(d if7 till(] ~ x p t ~ i ~ ~ z ( l i ~ f s . H ~ I s f ( ~ i ~ ~ - F r i ~ ~ s i a ~ i COZLIS ~LX'YC 11air~7d foalards thr rrzd of Illetation, 17~111, after dr!/ing off, oncJ of each pair rt~ct~izjed n fyl~ic~zl dry caul n~rlriagcrr~rrlf r~>girlic c?f ad libitum gunss siliz~r (rxpruirnr~it l), or 11 mix of grass silage 1711d disfill~~rs' grnir~s or i1rc.ssci1 berf l~lrlp (ex~~rrirnc~~t 2). Tlw of1ir.r coz~ls uJc7ue offrrr~d rrstrictrd ~ C C P ~ S to tht, sari(' basal diet, fogefhru zuifh ad libitum accrss fo h~lrlr!~ sfraiu ntril 0.5 kg/iIay high pn~tcirz ~ n a i z ~ ::lufcn nl~nl. D~lrivrg the follozuing lacfafiour, a~~iirrals frorrr both grot~ps iilertJ trr.afc.d suitholrt rqferrncr to dry pr'riod trmf~nr~~it, arid were ofivcd eq~~nl accrss to tlrc salnc lacfnfior~ dirt. Data mere> a~ial!ysed 11y ir~ralysis ofz~nrinncc c$experivricnf nlcarzs rand by parallel cc~rvc anrrlysis lrsing sample rncans. In rxperimrnf 1, milk yields wcrr similar (27.2 v. 27.9 (s.c.d. 2.12) kg/dayfor control and s ~ ~ p p l ~ w z c ~ ~ f r d nni7izals uespectiz~rly) h ~ l f 117ilk protein yiclds, and hencc7 cotzcentmfions, ulerc significaunfly higher (I' < 0.001) from supplcrne~ztcd ani~nnls (28.9 v. 31.8 (s.tl.d. 0.58) g/kg). In exp~~uiinenf 2, milk yields were significantly higher (P < 0.001) from slrpplcrt7enfed nninlals ( n ~ ~ n n 33.3 v. 35.4 (s.e.d. 1.66) kg/day; however, rr~illc protcirl yiclds zijt3re also ~i~pnifica~tly itrcrtwstd (P < 0,001) and thc. change in milk profrin co~~ccnfmtior~ runs sn7all. No ii$ferencr, in dry-matter infuktl ii~ns rrcorded in a subset ofa~limals during curly lucfntion in experinrent 2. If is lrypotliesized tliaf the rrnfrrnal Iahil~ body protcin pool zuus wrnintainrd or reyle~~ish~d during the dr!y pried by fhp puozlision of fhc protein supplt~r~icnt, and that this had a si~~nificanf ~flecf on s~rbsrytrcnt lactation prrfor~imncc.


The increase in viscosity of a polar liquid which occurs when a constant electric field is applied across the capillary in which the liquid is flowing saturates at a high field intensity, and no further viscosity increase occurs (fig. 1(a)). This saturation effect has a long time-constant, and disappears if a very low frequency field of 1 c.p.s. is substituted for the D. C, field (fig. 1(b)); this behaviour is inconsistent with the theory that the viscosity increase is a spurious electrode effect.


A new supersonic facility was developed to study the effects of turbulence intensity and mean flow compressibility on freely propagating flame kernels in a M = 1.5 channel flow. Two devices, a passive grid of holes and an active grid of rotating vanes, were used to generate turbulence. The 5 × 5 cm test section was optically accessible on four sides and had variable divergence walls on two sides to account for Fanno and Rayleigh flow deceleration. Methane-air freely propagating flame kernels were ignited with a single pulse of a frequency doubled green (532 nm) Nd:YAG laser and imaged via simultaneous high speed OH* chemiluminescence and high speed Schlieren photography. Planar velocity statistics were measured using particle image velocimetry. The generated turbulence intensity and isotropy are compared for the baseline and passive/active grids. Turbulent burning velocity trends are presented versus turbulence intensity and equivalence ratio. The flame speeds are fit to a functional dependence on the laminar flame speed and RMS velocity fluctuation and compared to classical low speed formulations.


Immunization over the years has been so effective that its ability to save lives of under-five children globally and more has promoted its usage all over the world especially in the developing countries. The aim of the study was to determine the factors responsible for missed opportunities of immunization among children of 0-5 years in Mgbundukwu Model Primary Health Center, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The study was guided by four objectives and research questions. The study employed a descriptive survey design. A sample size of 120 was drawn using simple random sampling technique and data was collected using a self-developed structured questionnaire. The Standard World Health Organization, Expanded Programme on Immunization (WHO EPI) protocol was used for assessing missed opportunities for immunization. Data obtained were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The result showed that majority of mothers (94.0%) have heard of National Programme on Immunization (NPI), mothers who had heard of immunization from the health facilities had the highest percentage of 55.0%. The result also shows an increased prevalence of missed opportunity for immunization 61(61.0%), missed opportunity for immunization was more common for OPV3 (13.33%) compared to other vaccines, the factors responsible for the missed opportunity for immunization were failure to attend antenatal care and home delivery, concern about vaccine safety, long distance trekking/walking to health center, long waiting time, lack of money, lack of vaccine at the health center when visited and lack of information about day of immunization. It was recommended that health awareness campaign targeted at caretakers on the importance of immunization should be carried out regularly and government should encourage community participation in immunization programmes.


Antipsychotics (APs) are a class of psychotrophic medication primarily used to managepsychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally inschizophrenia but also in a range of other psychotic disorders. Biotransformation is a major mechanism for APs elimination. Most APs undergo biotransformation, or metabolism, after they enter the body. There are three phases of APs metabolism. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase (mixed function oxidase) plays a central role in the most APs biotransformation. CYP's functional activity depends on gene-drug and drug-drug interaction and influences on occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). So, it is extremely important for a practicing psychiatrist to know the oxidation pathway of APs, since most of them are metabolized in the liver and this is important both to prevent ADRs and to avoid unwanted drug-drug interactions, which will undoubtedly increase theeffectiveness and safety of AP therapy.


Five one-hour exercise periods a week for 8 weeks included walking-jogging, swimming, gymnastics and ballgames for 26 healthy male and female 69-year-old pensioners. The mean maximal oxygen uptake of the men increased from 28.9 ml-kg-1-min-1 before training to 32.0 ml-kg-1-min-1 after training and for the women from 27.9 to 31.3 ml-kg-1-min-1. Muscle malate dehydrogenase activity was increased while that for lactate dehydrogenase decreased or remained the same. The activity of these enzymes was higher in the male both before and after training when compared with the female. However, the percentage number of slow twitch muscle fibers was nearly the same in both groups. Prolyl hydroxylase activity was increased after training especially in the female subjects. These results show that endurance-type training leads to an enhanced capacity for aerobic metabolism in older subjects and that collagen metabolism in skeletal muscles is affected by physical training.


Public-sector education in Australia is in utter disarray. No area from pre-school to postgraduate education is exempt. Not only is there a marked shift in public demand from the public to the private sector; there is a drift away from education altogether. Although relative retention rates for girls are rising, overall school retention rates are falling. People are quitting full-time education earlier. The reduction in demand for education at the senior levels is occurring at a faster rate than can be explained in terms of the reduced growth rate of that section of the population.


Traditionally, error in equating observed scores on two versions of a test is defined as the difference between the transformations that equate the quantiles of their distributions in the sample and population of test takers. But it is argued that if the goal of equating is to adjust the scores of test takers on one version of the test to make them indistinguishable from those on another, equating error should be defined as the degree to which the equated scores realize this goal. Two equivalent definitions of equating error based on this criterion are formulated. It is shown how these definitions allow one to evaluate such key quantities as the bias and mean squared error of any equating method if the tests fit a unidimensional response model. Several alternative applications of the ideas for the case in which the tests do not fit a unidimensional response model are discussed. Index terms: bias in equating; local equating; equating error; equipercentile equating; IRT observed-score equating; mean squared error of equating; observed-score equating.


Raman spectroscopy is utilized to study the evaluation of vacancies in PbTiO3 thin films subjected to hydrogen atmosphere heat treatment. The B1 mode consisted of only oxygen ion vibration was shifted to lower frequency with increasing heat treatment temperature. It was considered that the oxygen ions were lacking from PbTiO3, and that oxygen vacancies were generated. It was found that the frequency of the B1 mode is proportional to oxygen ion content. Pb ions were also lacking in the PbTiO3 thin films with oxygen ions and the number of oxygen vacancies was larger than that of Pb ions. We suggest that the Raman spectroscopy is a suitable tool for the evaluation of oxygen vacancies in PbTiO3 thin films.


The authors describe an adaptive split-path filter structure for calculating line spectral pair (LSP) coefficients by using the least-mean-squares (LMS) algorithm. The two split filters are constructed as a cascade of second-order sections and the filter parameters are equivalent to the LSP coefficients. Adaptation is based on minimizing the output errors of the two filters independently, which is computationally simpler and has a much faster convergence rate. A subband predictive coder that divides speech into three subbands, each encoded with fourth-order LSP coefficients representing each of the three predictive filters, has been simulated on an IBM PC. Preliminary results indicate that output speech produced at 12 to 16 kb/s is highly intelligible and has a quality comparable to the 16 kb/s continuously variable slope delta (CVSD) method.<<ETX>>


University libraries manage not only commercial electronic resources, but also documents generated by research and educational activities at their own institutions. Libraries are committed to disseminating these electronic documents, which usually requires that they compile and store them as well as guaranteeing their preservation. The best way to achieve this objective is e-information repositories. We briefly present an overview of the free software available to develop repositories, with a special focus on the software used to build Catalan cooperative repositories. We also review desireable system characteristics, such as the use of open communication standards between repositories, preservation strategies for digital content, and user communities.


India is a territory of diversity, extending from Himalaya in North to Kanyakumari in South, from Gujarat in West to Arunachal Pradesh in East. Each state of India has its uniqueness in terms of residing communities and their cultural aspects like costumes, traditions, rituals, attitudes, beliefs, language, arts and crafts. Cultural and traditional diversity make India multicultural nation where culture and people are very closely related with each other. The arts and crafts reflect rich heritage of India through beautiful designs inspired from monuments, architecture, religion, nature, etc. Arts and crafts define the cultural layers of a particular place and community. Every corner of India reflects definite International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 11 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

https://www.ijcmas.com/8-11-2019/Pooja Rani, et al.pdf


In this article, we assume that there exist the pseudoscalar DD¯s0*(2317) and D*D¯s1*(2460) molecular states Z1,2 and construct the color singlet-singlet molecule-type interpolating currents to study their masses with the QCD sum rules. In calculations, we consider the contributions of the vacuum condensates up to dimension-10 and use the formula μ=MX/Y/Z2−(2Mc)2 to determine the energy scales of the QCD spectral densities. The numerical results, MZ1=4.61−0.08+0.11GeV and MZ2=4.60−0.06+0.07GeV , which lie above the DD¯s0*(2317) and D*D¯s1*(2460) thresholds respectively, indicate that the DD¯s0*(2317) and D*D¯s1*(2460) are difficult to form bound state molecular states, the Z1,2 are probably resonance states.


The lateral pattering of polymer light emitting devices (PLEDs) on the micro- and even sub-micrometer level is a challenging task. Being able to fabricate devices with sub-micrometer active device dimensions will, however, open new possibilities for fundamental studies as well as enable improvements in device performance. Therefore, in this study an electron beam-based patterning method for conjugated polymers is evaluated, where the structuring is achieved by deliberate degradation and alteration of the molecular structure accompanied by a change in the emission properties. We find that the typical feature size accomplished with this method is approx. 2 μm for the active line width in PLEDs, while the in-depth investigation of the structures shows that the lateral resolution is found to be approx. 500 nm.


The invention belongs to the technical field of novel uses of drugs and in particular relates to an application of human albumin in preparing a drug for treating subarachnoid hemorrhage. Confirmed by experiments, the human albumin with a certain concentration can be used for improving early brain injuries after the subarachnoid hemorrhage, including relieving brain edema, lowering the death and the apoptosis of nerve cells and improving the damage to blood brain barrier, thus protecting brain tissues. The application can be used for preparing the drug for treating the subarachnoid hemorrhage, particularly to the drug for treating nerve injury after the subarachnoid hemorrhage.


Summary The laryngeal musk airway was used to resuscitate a patient in whom direct andjbreoptic laryngoscopy were impossible because of cervical pathology and pulmonary oedema. The laryngeal mask airway may be an alternative to tracheal intubation in emergency resuscitation. Key words Equipnient; laryngeal mask. Intuhution; difficult. The laryngeal mask airway* (LMA) was developed by Brain' as a device which could be inserted in a blind manner to provide an airway for anaesthesia. He also described the use of a prototype LMA to facilitate positive pressure ventilation of the lungs during anaesthesia. Subse- quently, Brain' described three cases in which a prototype LMA was used for anaesthesia after tracheal intubation had been abandoned because the cords could not be visua- lised. A third paper' suggested use of the LMA to control the airway during emergency resuscitation. We had to use the device for this latter purpose within a week of its arrival at our hospital. Placement of the LMA was easy despite our lack of experience in its use. and resuscitation successful.


Unum type-II based Sets-Of-Real-Numbers (SORN) arithmetic is a recently proposed, promising number representation providing fast and low complex implementations of arithmetic operations at the expense of low resolution. The format can be applied for constraining large optimization problems by means of preprocessing. In this work SORN arithmetic is applied for reducing the latency of a Sphere Decoder by excluding a number of solutions in advance. In particular, a comprehensive hardware implementation is presented, consisting of an adapted Sphere Decoder, as well as SORN and matrix preprocessing. Logic and physical synthesis evaluations show that the mean number of visited nodes within the Sphere Decoder can be reduced by up to 76%, resulting in an overall latency reduction of up to 20%. This improvement comes with an area and energy increase of up to 58% and 83%, respectively, compared to a standard Schnorr-Euchner Sphere Decoder.


Software designers usually overlook Analysis Model Because of its complexity,and make Design Model directly from Use Case Model.But this method cannot verify the accuracy of the use cases.This paper presents a modeling method of firstly from Use Case Model to Analysis Model,then mapping Analysis Model to Design Model,and describes the principle of this method,explains specifically how to distinguish Analysis Class from Use Case Model,and discusses deeply how to obtain the attributes of Entity Class and how to design the operations of Analysis Class.


Background: An F231L mutation in the DNA repair complex ERCC1-XPF causes severe disorders. Results: The observed enhanced dissociation of the mutant ERCC1-XPF helix-hairpin-helix dimer relates to an altered orientation for the interaction anchor Phe894 of XPF near Phe231 of ERCC1. Conclusion: The local structure around Phe231 is essential for complex stability. Significance: Studying mutations interfering with DNA repair is crucial to understand endonuclease-related diseases. The ERCC1-XPF heterodimer, a structure-specific DNA endonuclease, is best known for its function in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. The ERCC1 point mutation F231L, located at the hydrophobic interaction interface of ERCC1 (excision repair cross-complementation group 1) and XPF (xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F), leads to severe NER pathway deficiencies. Here, we analyze biophysical properties and report the NMR structure of the complex of the C-terminal tandem helix-hairpin-helix domains of ERCC1-XPF that contains this mutation. The structures of wild type and the F231L mutant are very similar. The F231L mutation results in only a small disturbance of the ERCC1-XPF interface, where, in contrast to Phe231, Leu231 lacks interactions stabilizing the ERCC1-XPF complex. One of the two anchor points is severely distorted, and this results in a more dynamic complex, causing reduced stability and an increased dissociation rate of the mutant complex as compared with wild type. These data provide a biophysical explanation for the severe NER deficiencies caused by this mutation.


Wheel and wheelhouses contribute up to 20-30% of the aerodynamic drag of passenger cars. Simulating the flow field around wheels is challenging due to the complexity of the flow structures generated by tires and rims, wheel rotation, tire deformation and contact with the ground. High accuracy is usually obtained with transient simulations that treat rim rotation with the Sliding Mesh (SM) approach, which is also computationally expensive. Previous studies have confirmed that the application of a tangential velocity component to the rim surface is unphysical for open rims, while a Moving Reference Frame (MRF) is lacking accuracy and the averaged results depend on the initial spokes position. These methods do not consider the dynamic nature of the problem. This work proposes the use of the Actuator Line (AL) and Rotor Disk (RD) approaches as alternatives for simulating open rims with much lower computational cost. They are based on the introduction of volume forces to resemble the presence of the spokes and require a preliminary aerodynamic characterization of the body. The new methods are compared to SM, Rotating Wall Boundary Condition (RWBC) and MRF applied to an isolated rotating wheel case. A good agreement is observed for the most relevant flow features, with consistent reductions in computational cost. Specifically, AL keeps the transient features of the problem, while RD provides a much less expensive steady-state solution. As a result, both AL and RD are promising alternatives for the simulation of rotating wheels.


A greatly improved, reliable protocol for the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of dialkyl phosphites with aryl bromides has been developed. The use of an alcoholic solvent was the key to high yields in the synthesis of a broad variety of arylphosphonates, with Pd(OAc) 2 /PPh 3 as the catalyst and a sterically demanding tertiary amine as the base.


In globalized space the information innovative technologies have a very high degree of requirement for various branches of national economy. In the developed countries as a result of highly technological systems, application has achieved powerful results in production of high-quality agricultural manufacture with less expenses and the cost of production and by that have promoted solution of independence provision of food among national economy branches. The newest technologies are applied by farmers of the developed countries to get high-quality production in plant growing and cattle raising branches. Application of information – innovative technologies in a number of agricultural production branches of Tajik Republic promotes the solution of some independent food provision problems.


Sustainable crop production in the era of increasing input price is adding extra burden while the cultivable land is reducing at an alarming pace. This research article aims to test the hypothesis that the leaf cutting as an agronomic practice could be a better prospective in increasing rice grain production. An experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, to assess the effect of leaf cutting on plant growth and yield of selected BRRI released Aman varieties. The experiment consisted of five rice varieties namely BRRI dhan32, BRRI dhan33, BRRI dhan39, BRRI dhan62, and BRRI dhan56 treated either as control or leaf cutting (except flag and penultimate leaf). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Leaf cutting was observed with detrimental effect on the usual plant growth and yield performances. Irrespective of all studied varieties, the highest value was obtained while no leaf cutting was performed. BRRI dhan39 was found to be the highest yield producing variety in terms of greater flag leaf length, leaf breadth, flag leaf area, required less time to grain filling, filled grain panicle-1, filled grain%, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index in leaf cutting condition followed by BRRI dhan32 in terms of plant height, chlorophyll content, tiller hill-1 and straw yield. No significant differences in yield contributing parameters except the panicle hill-1 were observed in leaf cutting condition compared to control. Leaf cutting at heading (except flag leaf and penultimate leaves) reduced average 10-20% loss of grain yield. BRRI dhan62 shown highly affected by leaf cutting compared to the rest other varieties. Therefore, it can be concluded by suggesting that leaf cutting reduces plant functional efficiency which can be improved by enhancing photosynthetic capacity through proper management of leaf architecture.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 1-9


First published in 1858 and unavailable since the 1970s, "An Inquiry into the Law of Negro Slavery in the United States of America" was the first and only treatise published by a southern author on slavery law. Thomas R. R. Cobb, often referred to as the James Madison of the Confederacy, was an ardent secessionist and a prominent lawyer in antebellum Georgia. The work, based on extensive scholarship on the Roman law of slavery and racist to the core, fully explicates the southern defense of slavery. An important practical manual for legal practitioners and judges at the time of its publication and an essential tool for scholars and students of slavery and legal history ever since, the work is also the most significant summary of proslavery legal theory."


Final value control of linear plants is discussed. An expression for the closed loop fundamental matrix in terms of the open loop transition matrix is presented. It is shown that for scalar minimum energy final value control the singularities in the feedback loops are inversely proportional to the order of the derivative being fed back. That is, the position loop has an ηth order singularity, the velocity loop an η—lth order singularity, etc. A partially closed loop control is developed that allows the highest-order feedback singularity to be set between η and zero. Those results are illustrated by examples.


Television as a source of media entertainment is a relatively new phenomenon in India, with the entry of foreign channels being permitted only in 1991. Prior to this (from 1959), state-controlled television was beamed through one channel, Doordarshan (DD). The self-proclaimed aim at that time was for education of the masses. Apart from news, programmes on improved farming techniques and the like were aired for just a couple of hours daily and had little appeal in the cities. Later, an hour of entertainment in the form of film music and the airing of a movie on Sunday evenings were included. So 1991 marked a watershed, as TV antennae mushroomed in cities and villages all across the country, to receive entertainment from the skies. Kirk Johnson, the author of Television & Social Change in Rural India, has set about the important task of finding out what impact this type of media has had in the villages ofindia. He selected the village ofDanawli in Maharashtra, near Panchgani where he grew up, as the ideal one for study, given its size, location, mix of caste and class, and availability of television. He starts off with a discussion of theory addressing mass communication and social change. The role of communication in development strategy is now recognized by scholars and governments alike. Johnson cites the 1989 study of Hartmann, Patil & Dighe to confirm that 'media exposure emerged as a significant factor ' influencing better agricultural and health practices, positive attitudes towards women and an important source of political and other news (p. 57). Further, Johnson states that the relationship between media and culture is both all-pervasive and symbiotic, and that television is arguably the most powerful agent of change than other media. By promoting consumerism, it also narrows the gap between village and city, north and south. Describing village dynamics, Johnson cautions us against the twin myths of self-sufficiency in villages and harmony in village life. For instance, basics, such as oil, salt and sugar have to be purchased in towns, and produce from the villages, such as milk and groundnuts are sold in towns and at weekly markets. The author observes that conflict is a daily occurrence within the village, as villagers are constantly striving against each other seeing any gain by one member of the community as a loss for others. Over 50 per cent of the families in Danawli comprise one to four persons, with an increased tendency of male siblings to seek work in the cities. There are primarily two castes, Marathas and Mahars (untouchables), the latter who converted en masse to Buddhism, and are now referred to as Buddhists. Caste-lines are reportedly getting diffused by class, as the author states that occupational mobility and increased education and knowledge among the Mahars, is elevating their position in society. The class distinction exists primarily between the landed and the landless, but there exists an interdependence both among the castes and the classes in the village. Danawli receives DD as its sole television network. With the loss of its monopoly in the nineties, DD had to be more competitive in its programming to attract viewers. It began to add on more entertainment features. Dividing programming under the categories of Informative, Developmental, Art & Culture and Entertainment, Johnson's research corroborates that of other scholars: entertainment programmes are the most popular, and are watched the most (in numbers of viewing hours). Demographically, children are the largest number of viewers, followed by men and then women; the number of viewing hours of each of these groups is also concomitantly largest among children, followed by the men and then women. Eleven per cent of viewing time comprises advertisements. It would appear that this element has given rise to aspirations and consumerism that is slowly eroding traditional village garb, customs and life-style. While this is a very significant development in terms of bringing villages out of their isolation and into the global consumer economy, other sociological changes are even more significant. Johnson documents village life now geared around television programme scheduling. For instance, women leave the fields earlier to prepare for dinner, in time to be free to watch evening television programmes. According to Johnson, people are sleeping less because of this. Gender relations are altered too, with men now assisting women with chores, such as drawing water from wells, etc., in order to complete the work quickly in time for the shows. In addition, Johnson notes that with groups of people watching television together, there is now a familiarity between unrelated males and females that did not exist before. The chi ldren, especially males, seem to do less and less, their sole occupation being to watch television. The impact is also evident in the younger members of the village, who are moving away from traditional behaviour patterns and challenging the elders of the community. They have mentally accepted the concept of 'love marriage' as opposed to 'arranged marriage', although they do not necessarily practice it, just as they deny the existence of caste. Village elders attest to the fact that the young have now moved away from the community activities of bhajans


Blocked landslides are widespread in Moscow. The displacement of such landslides connects with Upper Jurassic clays. As a rule, these landslides have huge web depth. This depends on the possibility of huge damage. The last one obstructs stabilizing measures. Landslides have regressive (inside slope) development and durable (tens and hundreds of years) periods of slow deformations (1-30 centimeter per year). Such deformations give place to short periods of activation with displacements of some meters and more. In Moscow activation of such landslides threatens to cultural heritage, site which also a part of UNESCO. depth.


BACKGROUND: The incorporation of 4HB units into P(3HB) improves the material application potential as the copolymer exhibits a wide range of physical properties ranging from crystalline plastic to elastic rubber depending on the copolymer composition. Thus, the prospects of synthesizing P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymer with various compositions of 4HB would increase its effectiveness as biomaterial. RESULTS: The residual cell dry weight (RCDW) and PHA concentration obtained under optimized conditions, namely C/N ratio 30, K2HPO4 6.1 g L -1 , incubation period 66 h, temperature 32 ◦ C and volume-to-flask ratio 47/250 mL increased from 2.9 g L -1 to 4.9 g L -1 and 4.2 g L -1 to 7.6 g L -1 , respectively. P(3HB-co-4HB) with varied Mn between 26 kDa and 270 kDa were successfully synthesizedusingcombinationsofoleicacid,1,6-hexanedioland/or1,4-butanediol.ThetensilestrengthandYoung'smodulus of the copolymers varied from 2 MPa to 24 MPa and 13 MPa to 192 MPa, respectively.Tm andTg decreased with increasing 4HB molar fractions from 170 ◦ Ct o 68 ◦ Ca nd 2.5 ◦ Ct o−31 ◦ C, respectively.


The story is well known of the Pharisees who, wishing to trap Jesus, demanded of him whether Jewish law permitted payment of taxes to the Roman Emperor. Asked whose head appeared on the coins with which the taxes were paid, they answered, "Caesar's." "Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's," Jesus replied to their original question, "and unto God the things which are god'^."^ Since then Popes and Emperors have been vigorously stamping their effigies on whatever their power would permit and demanding their due be rendered unto them. Ever since then, too, politicians, philosophers and theologians have scratched their white or balding heads and argued interminably over what in fact belonged to Caesar and what to God. The liberal movement for the separation of Church and State, largely a nineteenth-century phenomenon, seemed to have the answer to the problem in consigning to Caesar the control of temporal matters and to God the spiritual world. If only the separation of Church and State had occurred before the Europeans bumped into America on their way to the Orient, and if only human existence could be so neatly divided between the temporal and the spiritual, the Public Archives of Canada (PAC) might not today be forced to re-examine its role in the realm of religious archives.


Introduction: Dynamic structure of the ring of asteroids was well studied in the past a few decades and can give a good overview of the evolution of the orbits of small bodies of the Solar System. At present day the asteroid belt is a nearest laboratory for the simulation of the formation of the Solar System bodies in the early stages of its evolution. Classification of asteroids in their chemical composition shows that in the central part of the asteroid belt (about 2.7 AU) located mainly asteroids class M, metallic asteroids. In the outer part of the belt (about 3.2 AU) carbonaceous asteroids are located. In the inner part of the belt (about 2.5 AU) silicate asteroids [3]. According to this classification, the asteroid belt has a special distribution of bodies. According to the distribution of bodies the denser bodies are located in the central part of the ring. If the mechanism of formation of the planets was the same, we can assume that this distribution was also same of other proto-planetary rings of the proto-planetary disk. What is a reason for such a special distribution of bodies? The study of the formation of planetary systems intensified in the last decade due to the discovery of new planetary systems. In 2008 a group of German astronomers from the Max Planck Institute of Astronomy have discovered a planet on the star TW Hydra. TW Hydra refers to a type of T Tauri. At the moment it is important to answer the following two questions. Firstly, what is the way in which the first dense bodies formed? Secondly, what is the reason for which in the asteroid belt small bodies could not come together and form one large planet? According to a survey [4] the destruction and fragmentation of proto-planetary disks occurs under the disk photoevaporation by the central star. Formation of the first dense bodies could occur in the centers of the turbulent motion of gas and dust particles [4]. Compression of a proto-stellar clouds and the formation of the proto-planetary disk and rings: Compression of a proto-stellar clouds and the formation of the proto-planetary disk is accompanied by the movement of light gases from the central part of the disk to its periphery (Fig. 1). The main forces that support the proto-planetary disk in equilibrium are the force of gravitational attraction δFg = 4πGρ0u and gas pressure δFP, occurs when a change in the density ρ = ρ0 + δρ on the value of δρ, where u the value of the isothermal displacement of gas and dust particles [5]. Equating these forces, we obtain the condition: δFP = 4πGρ0u, under which gas and dust particles in the proto-planetary disk will generally be in a state of equilibrium. Gravitational instability would arise in the case if will satisfied the inequality δFg > δFP. In this case, the density of gas and dust particles will increase. If δFg < δFP, gas and dust particles will be scattered.


This paper examines the reporter–source interview in television news production. The starting point is that the interview as part of news production is largely ignored as a subject of research, especially considering its central importance in journalism. The interview is usually looked at as a method to gain information from interviewees. This study looks at the interview in a more constructivist way. The central claim is that the interview functions as a "news-generating machine" that compels replies from interviewees that can be used as raw material for news stories. The article brings forth the importance of the "pre-interview", it examines and exemplifies standard question strategies, such as negative questions, and how the interviewee replies are edited and represented as news. In doing so, the article also shows how certain questions' strategies are linked with the making of such common news frames as "the problem frame", "the attraction" and "psychological news narratives".


The synthesis of graphene-based composite materials for Li-ion batteries using an in situ growing technique is first proposed in this work. Graphene frame supported silicon@graphitic carbon granules were obtained through a one-step solid-state reaction using iron phthalocyanine (FePc) and silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) as the precursors. Nitrogen-doped graphene was grown in situ around the SiNPs by pyrolyzing and re-carbonizing FePc, and a cross-linked graphene frame network was gradually formed. Simultaneously, SiNPs were wrapped by a thin graphitic carbon layer, and the strong interconnections between the graphene, graphitic carbon and SiNPs led to a spontaneous self-assembly process, resulting in the formation of μm scale granules with available nanoporosities and irregular channels. The self-assembled granules with excellent electrical conductivity can effectively accommodate the volume change of the SiNPs during the repeating discharge–charge processes, therefore high capacity, long cycle life, high Coulombic efficiency and superb rate capability have been realized. The synthesis strategy is facile, safe, low-cost and can be easily industrialized, providing a broadly applicable route for the in situ synthesis of more functional graphene-based composite materials.


The proposal is for a sensor for determining the gas component concentration in gas mixtures. The sensor has a solid oxygen-ion-conducting electrolyte (10) having a first measuring electrode (11) which catalyses the equilibrium setting of the gas mixture and a second measuring electrode (12) which does not catalyse or only slightly catalyses the equilibrium setting of the exhaust gas, and a heating device (16) to control the temperature of the measuring electrodes (11, 12). The first (11) and second (12) measuring electrodes are arranged in different temperature regions of the solid electrolyte (10) in such a way that the catalytic activity of the measuring electrodes (11, 12) can be adjusted via the temperature. The sensor is particularly suitable for monitoring the function ability of catalysts in exhaust gas purification devices of internal combustion engines.


The subject innovation discloses a one-piece pre-charging relay. More specifically, the subject innovation relates to an integral precharge relay which is provided in the battery disconnect unit serving as the switching to a position that is provided in the electric vehicle location or stop supplying power switching circuit. According to an embodiment of the subject innovation, by implementing a single element formed integrally with one-piece pre-charge relay and the precharge resistor, it is possible to make more space on the battery disconnect unit frame, reducing the battery disconnect unit assembly structure it is capable of simplifying the effectiveness.


The coalition of Social Democrats (SPD) and Greens won the German election of 22 September 2002 by the smallest of margins. Never has an election produced such a small difference between the incumbent government and opposition parties. Never had election night been as dramatic as the night of 22/23 September 2002 when the victory of the 'red–green' coalition became more and more certain only in the small hours of the next morning, whereas normally exit polls provide a fairly clear picture shortly after the polling stations have closed, and the party bosses are able to discuss the results on national television during the eight o'clock news. The closeness of the race and the fact that many voters made up their minds in the last days before going to the polling booths had made it difficult for the polling institutes to predict the result accurately. Less than 9,000 votes separated the SPD, the party polling the largest number of votes, and the Christian Democrats (CDU plus CSU), the second largest political force in the country in terms of voters and members. Both SPD and CDU/CSU gained 38.5 per cent of the vote. The victory of the 'red–green' coalition was in no small measure due to the strong performance of the Green Party, which defended its position as the third largest party with 8.6 per cent of the vote, followed by the Free Democrats (FDP) with 7.4 per cent of the vote (Table 1). However, the success of the incumbent government would have been unlikely without the failure of the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) to clear the five per cent threshold of Germany's electoral law. As a result, the PDS received only the two seats it won in two Berlin constituencies. The federal government led by Chancellor Gerhard Schröder (SPD) and Foreign Secretary Joseph ('Joschka') Fischer was widely perceived to have been given a serious warning, but also a 'second chance' by the voters. In keeping with previous elections, the populist right and extreme right-wing parties failed to make significant inroads. Neither the populist law and order party Partei Rechtsstaatliche Offensive (PRO) led by the (now disgraced) Hamburg Senator Ronald Schill nor the extreme right-wing parties (Republikaner, German People's Party [DVU] and the National Democratic Party [NPD]) were able to gain more than one per cent of the votes. As a result, the incumbent 'red–green' coalition led by Chancellor Schröder controlled 306 out of 603 seats in the Bundestag, which constituted a narrow overall majority (Table 1). This majority was stabilised by the Social


The development of bacterial resistance toward commonly used antibiotics represents an increasing threat to public health. So far, resistances have been developed to all clinically used antimicrobial agents. Among the antibiotics, the glycopeptide vancomycin (1; Scheme 1) is of great clinical importance for the treatment of infections by Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococci, Enterococci, and Streptococci. In contrast to other antibiotics, it has been used for nearly 30 years without any observation of resistance. Although relatively expensive and difficult to administer, vancomycin has gained the reputation as an antibiotic of last resort in the treatment of infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. 2] Major concerns evolved, however, when resistance against vancomycin was reported for strains of Enterococci in 1988 and was observed in staphylococcal isolates almost ten years later. The active principle of glycopeptides is a highly specific, noncovalent binding to the C-terminal D-Ala ± D-Ala peptide motif of the UDP-muramyl pentapeptide that is a precursor of the bacterial cell wall biosynthesis (UDP uridine diphosphate) ; this binding involves five hydrogen bonds. Subsequent transglycosylation (chain elongation) and transpeptidation (cross-linking) steps in the cell-wall assembly are inhibited and lethal cell lysis of the bacterium results (Figure 1).


ABSTRACT  In this article, I aim to contribute to the ongoing discussion on the changing public role of anthropology by exploring the rise of branded ethnographic practices in consumer research. I argue that a juncture in the "New Economy"—the conjoining of corporate interest in branding, technology, and consumers, with vast social changes—may explain the rapid growth of ethnography for consumer research and predict its future direction. An analysis of branded propaganda from ethnographic vendors that claim their technology-enhanced methods innovate "classic" anthropological practices discloses the way corporations employ technologically mediated means to focus on the reflexive self in consumer research. In this analysis, I reveal that technological methodologies are central to the production of branded ethnographic practices, as forms of branding and technology legitimate consumer–corporate flows of interaction. The conclusion raises awareness to the ways in which modern branding practices reconstruct anthropology in public discourse. [Keywords: branding, consumer research, ethnography, reflexivity, technology]


Relaxing the assumption that one's risk assets have nothing to do with his/her wealth in the Mossin's rational insurance purchasing model, an extension to the model is proposed, which assumes that one's risk asset is a function of his/her wealth, and the function may be incremental, descending or invariant. The insurance demands are analyzed in these three situations and the following results are achieved: The impact of the wealth on the insurance demands is determined by the ratio of the risk assets to the wealth, the risk probability, the premium rate, etc. Furthermore, the panel data of 1999-2010 from the provinces of China are analyzed, and it is revealed that the insurance demand is elastic in most provinces, and the average elasticity of the life insurance is 0.227 which is higher than the property insurance, and there is no significant linear correlation between the elasticity of the insurance demands and the per capita GDP in the same province, and the deviation of the elasticity of the life insurance demand is higher than the property insurance demand.


Abstract : The Smart Mine Simulator (SMS) is a computer simulation that runs on two UNIX workstations and operates in the SIMNET/BDS-D distributed simulation environment. It simulates smart antiarmor mines, two variations of smart antihelicopter mines, and conventional antiarmor mines, enabling these mines to participate in SIMNET exercises for analytic, training, demonstration, or other purposes. This document describes the SMS structure, its algorithms for simulating mines, and how to install and use it. The document is intended to support both the planning of distributed simulation exercises and the installation and operation of the SMS on simulation networks.


The effective and comprehensive improvement of farmers' quality through the development of the compulsory education in the rural area is the key to improve its development of the economy and society in a rapid and harmonious way. This essay will analyze the actuality and the problems of the compulsory education in the rural area in Hebei Province followed with the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. It is expected that this essay would have some positive functions on the building of harmonious and well-being society in the rural area in Hebei Province.


Disclosed is - each wireless sensor installed in the wheel (100) and a receiver, - assigned to each sensor (100), thus, in particular, makes it possible to identify the signal to the receiver it relates replace a defective sensor (100) type of particular pressure monitoring device of a wheel of the vehicle (V) with a unique identifier number. The method includes - remove the defective sensor (100), - to identify the unique identifier number for the defective sensor (100), reading, - to identify the communication protocol used in the vehicle, read, - the allocated communication protocols identifier number nor 'assigned to the peculiar identification number, and, at the same time, - the new sensor (200, 200 in order to utilize the communication protocol new unused sensor (200, 200)' programming the) to a method which is characterized in that it consists. The present invention also relates to a device capable of performing the method (D) and the sensor (200). Application is the detection of the data available in the wheel of the vehicle. .FIELD 1


The Management of New Sleeper Gold Corporation (the "Company") is responsible for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and information contained in the Annual Report. The consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles and, where appropriate, reflect management's best estimates and judgments. Financial information contained elsewhere in this report is consistent with the consolidated financial statements. Management maintains accounting systems and internal control to produce reliable financial statements and provide reasonable assurance that assets are properly safeguarded.


Purpose MBL and OXA-48 genes in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) have emerged as a major public health problem worldwide, including Thailand. Due to the lack of susceptibility data and dosing regimens of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) against CRE in Thailand, especially in colistin-resistant era, we aimed to demonstrate in vitro susceptibility data of CZA and optimal dose based on Monte Carlo simulation of CZA to expand the treatment options. Patients and Methods We collected 49 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) clinical isolates from unique patients at Phramongkutklao Hospital (June–October 2020). CZA disk diffusion and E-test testing were performed to obtain minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Each drug regimen was simulated using the Monte Carlo technique to calculate the probability of target attainment (PTA) and the cumulative fraction of response (CFR). Results The most common genotypes of CRKP were blaOXA-48 (53.1%) and blaOXA-48 +blaNDM (42.8%). CZA showed 47.7% and 90.5% susceptible rate against all genotypes of carbapenemases and OXA-48 type CRKP isolates. The MIC50 and MIC90 of CZA against CRKP were 2 and >256 µg/mL. The categorical agreement (CA) between disk diffusion and E-test testing of CZA against CRKP was 95.4%. The CZA dosing regimens of 2.5 g infused 2–3 h every 8 h achieved ≥90% of the target of free ceftazidime plasma concentration over MIC (%fTime >MIC) ≥50% and 100% against isolates MICs of ≤8 and ≤8 µg/mL, respectively. The avibactam regimens also provided 100%fTime at 0.5 µg/mL. Based on CFR ≥90%, no CZA regimens were effective against all of the studied CRKP isolates except CRKP carrying OXA-48. Conclusion CZA exhibited a fairly susceptible rate among the OXA-48-positive isolates in Thailand. The current suggested dose of CZA with prolonged infusion appears appropriate to achieve the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets of ceftazidime and avibactam against CRKP carrying blaOXA-48.


There is a wealth of literature on the design of ex post compensation mechanisms for natural disasters. However, more research needs to be done on the manner in which these mechanisms could steer citizens toward adopting individual-level preventive and protection measures in the face of flood risks. We have provided a comparative legal analysis of the financial compensation mechanisms following floods, be it through insurance, public funds, or a combination of both, with an empirical focus on Belgium, the Netherlands, England, and France. Similarities and differences between the methods in which these compensation mechanisms for flood damages enhance resilience were analyzed. The comparative analysis especially focused on the link between the recovery strategy on the one hand and prevention and mitigation strategies on the other. There is great potential within the recovery strategy for promoting preventive action, for example in terms of discouraging citizens from living in high-risk areas, or encouraging the uptake of mitigation measures, such as adaptive building. However, this large potential has yet to be realized, in part because of insufficient consideration and promotion of these connections within existing legal frameworks. We have made recommendations about how the linkages between strategies can be further improved. These recommendations relate to, among others, the promotion of resilient reinstatement through recovery mechanisms and the removal of legal barriers preventing the establishment of link-inducing measures.


ABSTRACT In the present paper, the effects of hygrothermal ageing on the bulk mechanical properties and lap-shear strength of the novel bio-based epichlorohydrin/cardanol adhesive have been studied by tension tests, fracture toughness tests and single-lap shear tests on bonded CFRP and aluminum specimens. The thermomechanical properties of the adhesive have been characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis tests. Ageing of the specimens has been realized inside an environmental chamber under the conditions of 70°C/85%RH until saturation. The glass transition temperature of the adhesive is reduced by 13.8%. The results from the tension tests reveal that ageing has caused a reduction of Young's modulus by 13.4% and of tensile strength by 34.9%. Fracture toughness is reduced by 3.2% while the plasticity caused by the ageing has led to a less brittle behavior. Contrary to the bulk mechanical properties, the lap-shear strength of both the CFRP and aluminum joints is not affected. These findings reveal that although Tg and tensile properties of the bio-adhesive are significantly reduced by the ageing, the fracture toughness and lap-shear strength, which largely determine the adhesion capacity of the adhesive, are not affected.


The presentation is directed to the description of the actual situation of the geodetic infrastructure of Barcelona
and l'Estartit sites for sea level determination and contribution to regional sea level rise


Abstract : The research performed under these Grants involved the development and application of the positorn annihilation technique to defect studies in metals. The experiments performed during the last three years divide into three categories: (a) the study of the applicability of the simple trapping model to positron annihilation in pure lead as a function of temperature; (b) the study of vacancy-impurity interactions in Pb(Cd) and Pb(Tl) alloys, in order to test the excitonic model of 'fast diffusion' of some impurities in Pb; and (c) the design and testing of multidetector angular correlation setup to perform momentum density measurements in metals with hydrogen, in order to study the role of hydrogen in the electronic structure of pure metals.


A method of parametric feahlre modeling based on knowledge is dirmssed in the paper, and the system structure and realition of the parametric feature modeling system based on knowledge is pmnted. By setting up a product repository, this method can not only efficiently accomplish dimensiondriven and featuredriven in the parametric feature modeling but also display 3D-model of the product in time and put forward real-time adjusting plan according to product model. As a result the product design becomes easier and more efficient Combining the design process of shaft parts, the CAD system of shaft parts is developed.


Objective: to demonstrate clinical cases using fragments of electrocardiograms in adolescents with repolarization disorders on the electrocardiogram. Material and methods. Clinical cases and fragments of ECG of children with repolarization disorders on the electrocardiogram have been presented. Results. Various functional tests make it possible to get important information for the differential diagnosis between the norm and pathology. Conclusion. Repolarization disorders in adolescents may be due to a number of reasons, so in-depth cardiac examination may be needed.


Several recent numerical studies have examined the effects of neutrino neutral-current scattering on fast flavor conversion (FFC). Those studies are in apparent conflict, with some finding enhancement of flavor conversion and others finding suppression. The ones that report enhancement all use homogeneous models, and we discuss in detail the self-consistency issues that they face as a result. We reproduce scattering-enhanced FFC in our own homogeneous calculations, showing that it occurs for both neutral- and charged-current scattering and that it is due to isotropization of the angular distributions over time. Because this is the very feature of the calculations that is not self-consistent, we conclude that the enhancement effect is of unclear astrophysical relevance and may not occur in natural environments.


Recently, several methods such as private ANM, EM-PC and Priv-PC have been proposed to perform differentially private causal discovery in various scenarios including bivariate, multivariate Gaussian and categorical cases. However, there is little effort on how to conduct private nonlinear causal discovery from numerical data. This work tries to challenge this problem. To this end, we propose a method to infer nonlinear causal relations from observed numerical data by using regression-based conditional independence test (RCIT) that consists of kernel ridge regression (KRR) and Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC) with permutation approximation. Sensitivity analysis for RCIT is given and a private constraint-based causal discovery framework with differential privacy guarantee is developed. Extensive simulations and real-world experiments for both conditional independence test and causal discovery are conducted, which show that our method is effective in handling nonlinear numerical cases and easy to implement. The source code of our method and data are available at https://github.com/Causality-Inference/PCD.


organizations' redefinition of their own mission, the study identifies other factors—some related, others separate—which limit the groups' influence on both routine educational policies (budget, personnel, curriculum) and episodic ones (e.g., desegregation in all three cities, school safety in Boston, collective bargaining in Los Angeles). The related factors explaining the decline in the power of community groups involve organizational characteristics: leadership style, membership, and decision-making processes. Service organizations are more likely to be led by paid staff than by rotating elected community residents. This feature inhibits the development of a political force based on numbers, and contributes to collusion between school and neighborhood bureaucracies. In short, as an organization's function moves from advocacy to service, there is less leadership development and more staff cooptation. Moreover, service organizations have less membership mobilization and less internal democracy than do advocacy groups. The organization comes to view" residents more as clients needing assistance rather than as comrades working collectively.


In early September, throughout south central Africa, seasonal clearing of dry vegetation and the production of charcoal for cooking leads to intense smoke haze and ozone formation. Ozone soundings made over Lusaka during a six-day period in early September 2000 recorded layers of high ozone (greater than 125 ppbv at 5 km) during two stagnant periods, interspersed by a frontal passage that reduced boundary layer ozone by 30 percent. Smoke aerosol column variations aloft and total ozone were monitored by a sun photometer. During the 6-day measurement period, surface ozone concentrations ranged from 50-95 ppbv and integrated tropospheric ozone from the soundings was 39- 54 Dobson Units (note 1.3 km elevation at the launch site). High ozone concentrations above the mixed and inversion layers were advected from rural burning regions in western Zambia where SAFARI aircraft and ground-based instruments observed intense biomass fires and elevated aerosol and trace gas amounts. TOMS tropospheric ozone and smoke aerosols products show the distribution of biomass burning and associated pollution throughout southern Africa in September 2000. Animations of satellite images and trajectories confirm pollutant recirculation over south central African fires, exit of ozone from Mozambique and Tanzania to the Indian Ocean and the characteristic buildup of tropospheric ozone over the Atlantic from western African outflow.


Introduction: The aim of this study is to describe the frequency, nature, severity, and progression of cardiac abnormalities in a cohort of Dutch sarcoglycanopathy patients. Methods: In this cross‐sectional cohort study, patients were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire and assigned a functional score. Electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and 24‐h ECG were performed. Results: Twenty‐four patients with sarcoglycanopathy had a median age of 25 years (range, 8–59 years). Beta blockers were used by 13%, and 17% used angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors. ECG abnormalities were present in 5 (21%), and 4 (17%) fulfilled the criteria for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). There were no significant differences in median age or severity of disease between patients with or without DCM. Eleven patients were examined earlier. Median follow‐up time was 10 years. Two of the 11 patients (18%) developed DCM during follow‐up. Conclusions: Seventeen percent of the patients with sarcoglycanopathy were found to have dilated cardiomyopathy. We recommend biannual cardiac monitoring, including ECG and echocardiography. Muscle Nerve 50: 909–913, 2014


This is a story about clock watching...

In 3 weeks' time I celebrate a year of blogging [almost] every day as well as 6 months 'clean'


The 119Sn Mossbauer spectrum of the title compound shows the highest isomer shift, with no detectable quadrupole splitting, so far recorded for a tin(II) species and the crystal structure reveals a nine co-ordinate arrangement of fluorine atoms around the tin atom, with a distortion in geometry compatible with the presence of the lone pair of electrons.


This article compares John Millington Synge's The Aran Islands (1907) and Amitav Ghosh's In An Antique Land (1992), travelogues, histories, and anthropological investigations of maritime societies. Both books tell of a world marked by syncretism and synthesis, and deep and unbroken time, and their narratives are fractured, fragmented, temporally promiscuous, and logically paratactical. In comparing these two books, the article asks what it means, and what it could yield, to read together two accounts of oceanic lives from opposite ends of the twentieth century and from distinct continents and oceans? What emerges is the outline of a 'speculative practice of weak comparison' that allows us to extend how we understand the contexts of an object of study called 'Irish' literature. By rethinking the scale of Irish literature, the article concludes, we necessarily decentre Ireland, and find opportunities to disaggregate Irish literature and its Irishness, setting a new agenda for comparative studies of Ireland that range widely in space and time.


A survey concerning language use and language identity of Miao language in the West of Hunan shows that although Maio language still remains dynamic and active,the number of people speaking Miao language is decreasing continuously and the area where people speak Miao language is shrinking. Apparently,there appears a significant intergenerational differences in the use of Maio language. The weakening of the mother tongue and the widespread use of Chinese dialects by Miao people profoundly reflects the features that the mother tongue identity of Miao nationality is weakening and Chinese language identity is instrumentally and practically strengthening. It is of great significance to grasp the mechanisms and characteristics of language identity so as to understand language identity of the Miao nationality and carry out the work of language rotection in Western Hunan Province.


Objective Using the rat model of apomorphine\|induced erection, the present study aimed to detect the effects of anti\|androgen on erectile function, and to explore its possible mechanisms.Methods Male adult Sprague\|Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (non\|operated, sham operated and castrated). The effects of castration, testosterone and anti\|androgen flutamide on apomorphine\|induced erections and yawns were evaluated. Results Rats responded reliably to all doses of apomorphine (20,40,80,160 μg/kg) by the exhibition of a phenomenon of erections and yawns. Castration completely suppressed the apomorphine\|induced erections and dramatically decreased yawning response ( P 0 05). Castrated rats treated with testosterone partly reversed erectile response, and recover yawns to the level of the non\|operated group. A single dose of flutamide (50 mg/kg) significantly decreased apomorphine\|induced erections ( P 0 05), but didn't affect the yawning response.Conclusion Penile Erectile function is testosterone dependent. Anti\|androgen flutamide can markedly interfere with erectile function. The rat model of apomorphine\|induced erections can be used to screen anti\|androgen.


It is shown that the experimentally observed increase of Young's modulus in single-layer graphene with low density of point defects leads to a noticeable enhancement of the thermal conductivity in a wide temperature range.


The invention provides a kind of metal joining method, including: keep the connecting portion (11) of the first metal parts (10) and the connecting portion (21) of the second metal parts (20) so that its step facing with each other;By the connecting portion of the connecting portion and the second metal parts that pressure is applied to the first metal parts so that it abuts against each other and makes the connecting portion of the first metal parts and the connecting portion deformation of the second metal parts, and remove the step of the oxide-film of the connecting portion of the first metal parts and the connecting portion of the second metal parts;And utilize diffusion to connect the step connecting portion of the first metal parts and the connecting portion of the second metal parts of removing oxide-film being connected to each other.Result, it is easy to ground reduces cost and can stably guarantee quality.


The article takes into an account of the extraction of different types of biochemical analysis of Pigeon pea with an insecticide (Tafgor) in a laboratory condition. Pigeon pea is a perennial tropical legume grown mainly in India. It belongs to the family Fabaceae. More than any other legumes adapted to the region, Pigeon pea uniquely combines optimal nutritional profiles and high tolerance to environmental stresses, high biomass productivity. Environmental stresses play a crucial role in the productivity, survival and reproductive biology of plants and crops. They result in diminish and loss of crop production. Dimethoate is a widely used organophosphate and acaricide. TAFGOR insecticide (Dimethoate), used as a test chemical, was guaranteed at reagent from Rallis limited, India. First stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1g. of test chemical in 1L of distilled water. we have chosen only 8 concentrations (control,50,100,200,400,600,800,1000) for biochemical analysis. This experiment is done under laboratory conditions with sowing 10 seeds in 8 germination bowls which contain 200 gm. of soil and sand (3:1). The following day, after the exposure of seeds to light, there is rapid elongation of radicle and plumule. The percentage of amino acid content in root and shoot increases at 200 PPM and then decreases at 1000 PPM. The percentage of sugar in root and shoot increases at 400 PPM but decreases at 1000 PPM is 204.70%.and 51.71%. The percentage of protein of shoot is at 400 PPM increases but at 1000 PPM it decreases up to 56.81%. Similarly, in root the percentage of protein decreases at 200 PPM and at 1000 PPM it is 52.94%. At 200 PPM and 1000 PPM the percentage of DNA are 822.99% and 461.38% respectively. Similarly, in root, the percentage of DNA at 200 PPM is 373.42% and at 1000 PPM, it is 209.35%. Due to positive effect, at first it increases to the 200 PPM and after that it decreases due to more toxic effect. At 200 PPM and 1000 PPM the percentage of RNA are 117.01% and 96.35% respectively. Similarly, in root the percentage of RNA is 121.25% and at 1000 PPM it is 82.72%. Due to positive toxicity at first it increases to the 200 PPM and after that it decreases due to more toxic effect. The percentage of the biochemical contents increases from control to 200 or 400 PPM and then the percentage becomes lesser due to more toxic effect.


A Study of Effective Modes of Presentation Skills as required by B-School Students vis-a-vis upwardly mobile lower and mid-level Executive Suite alike.


Nowadays, energy policy makers in Turkey are discussing about transition to regional energy pricing policy due to the illegal usage rates in some regions in the country. A possible transition to regional pricing policy needs a detailed analysis on development of regional energy networks. By developing such networks, outer-dependency of energy can be reduced in regions and energy costs can reduce by using energy generation potential from renewable resources within regional networks. Moreover, the existing energy grid can be considered as a backup option to satisfy shortened demand after generation from renewable resources. In other words, grid-connected hybrid energy systems can be a promising solution to satisfy energy demand at a lower cost. Hybrid energy systems are discovered as a beneficial way to provide sustainable energy supply in regions with renewable energy potential. On the other hand, these kind of energy systems requires an analytic investigation in terms of design and operation, because of the existence of different energy resources. So, optimization of system design and operation decisions are extremely important. In this paper, optimization of a hybrid energy network is considered and a linear programming model to optimize operation decisions in a hybrid energy network for a town is proposed. The proposed model is solved on a numerical example with 10 demand points and 2 generation plants. An operation strategy for the numerical example is obtained after solution with a commercial LP solver. This model can be used a decision support tool for policy makers in development of energy policies.


The invention discloses an acrylic and fleece coarse gauge weft knitting double-napped shell fabric and a production method thereof. By taking terylene stretch yarns as ground yarns and high-shrinkage acrylon/fleece/fine denier acrylic fiber blending yarns as terry yarns, the weft knitting double-napped shell fabric is produced by finishing after conducting napping on a single-side terry fabric which is knitted by a coarse gauge single-side circular terry weft knitting machine, wherein the count of the terylene stretch yarns is 150D/96F; the blending ratio range of the high-shrinkage acrylon/fleece/fine denier acrylic fiber blending yarns is 30-40/10/50-60; and the count of the blending yarns is 20-30/2. The acrylic and fleece coarse gauge weft knitting double-napped shell fabric integrates softness, fluffiness, massiness, plumpness, elasticity, air permeability and warmth retention property into one body, thus being suitable for making knitted jackets as well as sport or leisure coats in autumn and winter.


Simple Summary Plasmas are used in various forms and with various functions in gynaecology. Knowledge on plasma–tissue effects and target coverage is crucial to achieve complete treatment, reduce recurrence, and limit damage to healthy tissues. In this review, historical and future plasma applications are summarized, and the depths of (non-)thermal effects are evaluated in tissues of the female pelvis. A literature search was performed in the Medline Ovid, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Fourteen articles were found with data on thermal effects depth. For plasma-assisted electrosurgical devices, depths (<2.4 mm) relied on current dispersion in tissue. In turn, for electrically neutral argon plasma, depths remained superficial (<1.0 mm). The depth and uniformity of cold atmospheric plasma effects requires further investigation. This review identifies upcoming and potentially high-gain applications of plasma in the field of gynaecology, of which the therapeutic effectiveness must be examined in translational and clinical studies. Abstract Medical use of (non-)thermal plasmas is an emerging field in gynaecology. However, data on plasma energy dispersion remain limited. This systematic review presents an overview of plasma devices, fields of effective application, and impact of use factors and device settings on tissues in the female pelvis, including the uterus, ovaries, cervix, vagina, vulva, colon, omentum, mesenterium, and peritoneum. A search of the literature was performed on 4 January 2023 in the Medline Ovid, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Devices were classified as plasma-assisted electrosurgery (ES) using electrothermal energy, neutral argon plasma (NAP) using kinetic particle energy, or cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) using non-thermal biochemical reactions. In total, 8958 articles were identified, of which 310 were scanned, and 14 were included due to containing quantitative data on depths or volumes of tissues reached. Plasma-assisted ES devices produce a thermal effects depth of <2.4 mm. In turn, NAP effects remained superficial, <1.0 mm. So far, the depth and uniformity of CAP effects are insufficiently understood. These data are crucial to achieve complete treatment, reduce recurrence, and limit damage to healthy tissues (e.g., prevent perforations or preserve parenchyma). Upcoming and potentially high-gain applications are discussed, and deficits in current evidence are identified.


Adaptive optics (AO) systems are well demonstrated in the literature with both laboratory and real-world systems being developed. Some of these systems have employed MEMS deformable mirrors as their active corrective element. More recent work in AO for astronomical applications has focused on providing correction in more than one conjugate plane. Additionally, horizontal path AO systems are exploring correction in multiple conjugate planes. This provides challenges for a laboratory system as the aberrations need to be generated and corrected in more than one plane in the optical system. Our work with compact AO systems employing MEMS technology in addition to liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) driven aberration generators has been scaled up to a two conjugate plane testbed. Using two SLM based aberration generators and two separate wavefront sensors, the system can apply correction with two MEMS deformable mirrors. The challenges in such a system are to properly match non-identical components and weight the correction algorithm for correcting in two planes. This paper demonstrates preliminary results and analysis with this system with wavefront data and residual error measurements.


An investigation was conducted into the effects of increasing plasma prolactin concentration with long photoperiod or suppressing it with bromocryptine on the fertility of ewe lambs. One hundred and twenty dim Forest ewe lambs were divided into three groups: group C was kept as a control; group L was exposed to a long photoperiod (16 h light: 8 h dark) and group B was given daily injections of 1 mg bromocryptine from 12 days before until 21 days after mating. All three groups were mated in late November, 30 days after housing, following progestagen/PMSG treatment. Post-mating prolactin concentrations were significantly higher in group L and lower in group B compared with group C (P > 0·05). There was a tendency for pregnancy rate and the number of corpora lutea to be represented by viable foetuses to be lower in group L than in group C ( P 0·05). In a second experiment, 100 Welsh Χ Texel ewe lambs were given treatment C or L. Embryo survival tended to be lower and crown rump length, embryo weight and amniotic sac width were reduced at 25 days post mating in the animals given treatment L, compared with those given treatment C ( P P


To some extent, the sedimentary sequence with the largest groundwater reserves in northern Sahara is marked by a certain water table level, regionally known as the "Continental Intercalaire" (CI). "Continental Intercalaire" (CI) refers to "Continental Intercalar" widely distributed among three countries. Algeria, Tunisia and Libya, which have significant potential of water resources. As it is the only water resource relatively easily accessible to the inhabitants of the Sahara, it is widely developed. The physico-chemical characteristics of statistical processing in principal component analysis (PCA) and the chemical phase measurement of groundwater in the unconfined aquifer captured by "Foggaras" (traditional system irrigation composed of well system linked by a horizontal channel from their bases) and the deep drillings located in the study area were accessible. Therefore, there were some favorable conditions for comparing the chemistry of these waters with the standards of potability established by the World Health Organization. Then, the study detected the origin of excessive mineralization and the excessive content of Na, Cl, K, Mg and Ca that originated from the leaching of the clay and carbonate layers of the "Continental Intercalaire". In addition, the enrichment in NO2-, NO3- and SO42- was due to the excessive use of fertilizer in the whole region for shallower Foggaras waters, and this study also showed the dominant chemical facies of groundwater related to the significant abundance of these mineral salts in this thick aquifer horizon.


This research focuses on significance of psychomotricity diagnostic of body coordination skills of elementary school pupils. The level of body coordination skills is not only important for identification of preconditions for sports talents, but also in many situations of everyday life. Clumsiness influences everyday activities, school performance and leisure time activities. Trampoline Body Coordination Test was chosen for the purpose of evaluating the levels of body coordination skills in this research. The goal of this project was to verify whether it is possible to use Trampoline Body Coordination Test in schools in the Czech Republic, where the test is not standardized. The test could be useful for recognizing early signs of different kinds of developmental coordination disorder. Teachers need to undertake a course to be able to use this test. The biggest concern is safety of pupils because using trampoline can be risky if pupils do not follow the given rules of the test.


The nature of luminescence centers created by La3+ isoelectronic impurities (IIs) in Y3Al5O12 (YAG) crystals has been considered. The La3+ dopant in YAG crystals gives rise to intensive UV luminescence in the complex band peaked at 4.28 eV at 300 K with a decay time of the main component of 575 ns. It has been shown that the complex UV emission band in YAG:La crystals in the 10–300 K range is a superposition of the luminescence of excitons localized near La dopants (LE(La) centers), the recombination luminescence of La3+ ions in the positions of Y3+ cations (LaY centers) and the low-intensive recombination luminescence of YAl antisite defects in the bands peaked at 4.65–4.62, 4.29–4.25 and 3.86–3.84 eV, respectively. In the visible range the emission spectra of YAG:La crystals also consist of the luminescence of F+ and F-centers in the bands peaked at 3.1 and 2.69 eV with a decay time of the main components of 2.3 ns and in the μs-ms range, respectively. It has been shown that the luminescence of F+ and F-centers in YAG:La crystals can be excited by emission of LE(LaY) and LaY centers.


The conversion to no-tillage (NT) may seem risky to some producers who rely on tillage to control weeds, some insect pests and disease-causing pathogens that can reduce crop yield. Weeds, arthropods, and disease incidence were monitored in silage corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) agroecosystems with CT and newly established NT plots in Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec. During the first 2 establishment years, there were more annual grass and fewer annual broadleaf weeds in NT than in CT plots, but the surface area covered by weeds (broadleaf,grasses and perennials) was greater in CT than NT plots. Foliar arthropods were more numerous in soybean than corn plots in both years, but were unaffected by tillage. There were more ground-dwelling generalist predators, especially Coleoptera and Carabidae, in CT than NT plots, while spiders and harvestmen (Araneae and Opiliones) were dominant in NT plots. Crop damage from insect pests and diseases was below economic thresholds, but 5 yr of yield monit...


The invention aims at providing a graft based on polypropylene, which is convenient to manufacture and has sufficient adhesive force after being prepared into an adhesive, and can serve as an adhesive after being blended with polyolefin and a ramification thereof before use. The graft is formed by grafting acid on polymer; the materials of the polymer contain at least two polypropylene compounds; the melt index of the graft is 1.5 to 30 times that of the materials of the polymer; meanwhile, the degradability of polypropylene can be controlled during grafting. The invention further comprises an adhesive based on polypropylene. The adhesive is formed by grafting the graft and then blending the graft with the polymer, and the proportion of the graft the adhesive is 40 weight percent or lower.


This study explores some of the factors that affect board chair change within three years after initial public offering (IPO). In Taiwan and other emerging economies, controlling shareholders usually occupy board chair positions and control the firms. Thus change in board chairs may mean controlling shareholders losing their control rights. Because control rights protect property rights and bring private benefits for controlling shareholders, controlling shareholders may like to adopt some strategies to defend their control rights in the IPO process. Using data from 525 IPO firms listed in Taiwan during 2000-2005, this study finds that IPO underpricing, CEO duality, and smaller board size all decrease the likelihood of board chair change, suggesting that these are all possible means for controlling shareholders to defend their control rights in the IPO process. The results of this study are consistent with those of prior research that argues that the main agency problem in Taiwan and other emerging economies are not between shareholders and top managers but between controlling shareholders and minority shareholders.


Owing to Japan's invasion of Taiwan in 1616 AD, the Ming government decided to reorganize the tasks of the coastal defense in Fu-jian, thus one of the tasks was to consolidate the forces on the two sides across the Taiwan Strait. The consolidation would combine the navy in Xia-men and the navy in Peng-hu to form the Wu-peng Armad in order to firmly control the Taiwan Strait and to protect people living around the coast of the mainland. However, there were a lot of problems with this arrangement. The isolation of Peng-hu from the mainland made communication and transportation difficult. Besides, the shortage in the system of the Wu-peng Armada led to the new arrangement not working as designed. As a result, this ground breaking arrangement was abandoned by the Ming government in less than six years.


Purpose of Article . The study deals with the definition of the perspective directions of cultural and educational activities of public libraries (from the example of the libraries of the South of Ukraine). Methodology. The research methodology consists in application of socio-cultural approach and questionnaire method. This method allows to determine the opinion of librarians on the subject of the forms of cultural and educational activities at the present stage. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the extension of representations about the perspective directions of cultural and educational activities of public libraries: national-patriotic education, local history, ecological education, cultural and leisure activities, social partnership. The results of the exit-polls of librarians of public libraries of the South of Ukraine are given to determine their attitudes to the implementation of cultural and educational activities of the libraries. Conclusions. The study proves the existence of the attitude of librarians of public libraries in the South of Ukraine to the directions and forms of cultural and educational activities. The most part of the interviewed librarians believes that today the national-patriotic education of young people is the most important direction of cultural and educational activities. Librarians of public libraries prefer interactive forms, readers' associations and membership clubs. Non-library events are also identified as active events (show, art cafe, etc). Librarians of public libraries of the South of Ukraine note the importance of communication with partners, list up the factors of effective influence and factors that hinder successful partnerships in one of the main directions of the libraries -cultural and educational activities.


& IN SEPTEMBER 2018, a large group of European funding agencies called "cOAlition S" published "Plan S"—a 10-point program to make all their funded research publicly available under a strict Open Access (OA) publication model by 2020. cOAlition S founders include heavyweights such as the European Research Council ERC, France's ANR, and U.K. Research and Innovation. Many other European funding agencies (e.g., Germany's DFG and Switzerland's SNF) have pledged support for—but not yet signed—Plan S. DFG and SNF, however, are signatories to the much older OA2020 initiative, which has similar goals as Plan S though is less prescriptive in how to reach them.While dominated by European universities and their libraries, OA2020 also features about a dozen U.S. institutions, including the University of California system.


AbstractTwo classes of fuzzy mappings, called pseudolinear and g-pseudolinear fuzzy mappings are introduced by relaxing thedefinitions of pseudo-convex and pseudo-invex fuzzy mappings. First, some characterizations of pseudolinear and g-pseudolinear fuzzy mappings are obtained. Then, characterizations of the solution sets of pseudolinear and g-pseudolinearfuzzy programs are derived. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Fuzzy numbers; Convex fuzzy mappings; Pseudolinear fuzzy mappings 1. IntroductionSeveral convexity concepts [1–18] has been considered by many authors in optimization. In [11,19,20,22,23,25] different types of convexity and generalized convexity of fuzzy mappings are defined and theirproperties are studied. Equally important is the concept of pseudolinearity and g-pseudolinearity, which wereintroduced and studied in [1,4,7,9,10].We propose in this paper the concept of pseudolinear fuzzy mappings by relaxing the definition of pseudo-convex fuzzy mappings. The concept of g-pseudolinear fuzzy mappings is also introduced by relaxing the def-inition of pseudo-invex fuzzy mappings. By means of the basic properties of pseudolinear fuzzy mappings, thesolution set of a pseudolinear fuzzy program is characterized. Then, characterizations of the solution set of ang-pseudolinear program are also derived.


Switched reluctance motor due to its simplicity has been in demand now a day. In this paper speed control of switched reluctance motor is investigated. Here two types of controllers are used in the control design i.e. conventional PI controller and sliding mode controller. The responses for step changes in reference speed and load torque are compared and the performances evaluated. The simulation results show improved transient and steady state performance and robustness of the SRM based drive system with sliding mode controllers. The work is completely done in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.


The utility model discloses a large-angle light output LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamp, which comprises a lamp cap, a radiating lamp holder and a bulb, wherein the radiating lamp holder is arranged in the bulb and has a hollow structure; an LED driver is arranged in the radiating lamp holder; the upper end of the radiating lamp holder is provided with a base plate; and the base plate is provided with a plurality of LED chips and is covered by a spherical lens. The appearance of the LED lamp is the same as the shape of the conventional incandescent lamp; except for the internal structure, a production line can be shared by the large-angle light output LED lamp and the incandescent lamp; and the spherical lens is additionally arranged outside the base plate, the light output angle is increased and can reach over 300 degrees, and meanwhile, the lighting effect is improved.


We have determined the HLA-DR and HLA-DQ phenotypes of 24 black patients with vitiligo and compared these with phenotypes of 143 local black controls. HLA-DR4 was significantly increased in patients, 38% vs 11% for controls. HLA-DQw3 was also increased in patients, 58% vs 32% for controls and may be explained in part by linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DR4. When patients were subgrouped according to family history of autoimmune disease and compared with controls, the increase in HLA-DR4 and HLA-DQw3 segregated with a positive family history. HLA-DRw6 in patients with a negative family history of autoimmune disease (64%) was significantly greater than the 10% in patients with a positive family history. When patients were subgrouped according to age at onset of disease, HLA-DR4 was increased in those with early onset of disease (younger than 20 years) while HLA-DRw6 was greater in patients who were older at onset of disease. These findings support the hypothesis of an immunogenetic influence on the expression of vitiligo in black patients with vitiligo.


The invention discloses a processing method of a fish and meat composite type gelled food. The processing method comprises the following steps of: a, firstly, respectively rinsing and dehydrating pig lean meat and fish, then comminuting and mixing, adding salt and composite phosphate and fully chopping and uniformly mixing and carrying out a kneading treatment, pickling more than 12 hours, wherein a Na2CO3 solution the pH of which is 10.5-11.5 is adopted for rinsing; b, adding 0.4-0.5 % of TGase and 10-15% of soybean protein, clystering after uniformly mixing, and vibrating 5-10 minutes under 200+/-500 Mpa pressure; and c, finally cooking with water to ripe, and preserving after cooling. The fish and pork composite type coagulation food prepared by the invention can obtain nutrition of the fish and pork through compositing, meanwhile, the gel strength is improved, and the fish and pork composite type coagulation food has good mouthfeel.


A linear driving a reciprocating piston pump. Suction pump body segment between the valve and the suction port and discharge port of the valve chamber, the middle section of the discharge space form a cylindrical piston cylinder; end of the suction valve, the permanent magnet extreme N, S pole permanent magnet and a discharge end valve is connected through a link frame and coupling structure constituting the cylindrical piston; piston by the solenoid driver circuit N pole and the S pole solenoid driver. Mouthpiece valve tightly fitted inside the suction port, discharge port valves tightly fitted inside the discharge port. End of the suction valve is connected via a linkage to the N-terminal of the permanent magnet; permanent magnet and the S terminal is connected through a link connected with the exhaust end of the valve frame. N pole and the S pole magnetic solenoid coils are set in the suction section and the discharge section of the pump body.


The flu problem is becoming more urgent, as the incidence in Ukraine over the last decade is 7-8 million people annually, of which about 30% are children. Hospitalization of children under 5 years 120-123 per 100 thousand population per year and average bed-day is 6.5 days. Influenza complications are a major threat to the lives of children. According to the Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 5.4 million people were infected with influenza and SARS during the 2018/2019 epidemic, 65.3% of whom were children. The flu claimed the lives of 64 Ukrainians, including 12 children, under the age of 17. None of the dead were vaccinated for the flu, 11 people did not seek medical help at all, and one of five people sought help with a critical deterioration in health on the 6 day or later. Among 2927 laboratory-tested influenza patients, 30% had positive results, with the predominance of type A influenza virus. For the purpose of the publication, the authors set out to focus on the circumstances of the occurrence of Ray syndrome with the analysis of a clinical case of a 2 years child, who was in the regional clinical infectious hospital, in the intensive care unit. The condition of the child was found to be severe and a fatal incident was noted on the 5th day of stay in the department of the intensive care unit in the regional infectious hospital. The final clinical diagnosis after a detailed laboratory and instrumental examination was made at an expanded council of doctors of the regional clinical infectious hospital in Poltava and the above mentioned narrow specialists: Flu A / H1N1, toxic form, severe course. Toxic encephalopathy. Brain edema, dislocation of its structures. Toxic hepatitis. Ascites. Erosive gastritis. Gastrointestinal bleeding. Acute kidney damage. Gastrointestinal bleeding. Anuria. Acute renal failure. ICE Syndrome. Non-rheumatic carditis (pancarditis, pericarditis). Heart failure 3 degree. Polyseritis. Deficiency anemia. Ray syndrome.