This paper sets out to look at the state of the iron and steel industry in Uganda, comparing and contrasting the local position with that of other steel producers worldwide with the purpose of highlighting ways to improve the production processes and quality of the steel considering the existing resources and the possibility of their reinforcement using viable modern scientific methods of exploitation as justified by current market development trends. Data was collected through industrial visits and individual interviews at different steel mills, foundries and related metal products user industries and stakeholders. Extensive review of relevant literature has also been done. Overall, the Ugandan steel industry is dominated by local small-scale industrialists and a few medium to large –scale producers. Obsolete technology, lack of proper training and appropriate technology transfer initiative and absolute lack of research and development at enterprise level have held back productivity, capacity utilization, product diversification and enterprise advancement. The major raw material is scrap iron which is also getting scarce. Quality related issues have also not been effectively addressed to ensure that only standard and reliable products reach end users. The harnessing of existing raw materials and increased government significance in the exploitation of mineral resources deposits are aspects that the iron and steel industry needs address urgently.


The accelerated development of Health Maintenance Organizations on a broad scale is being encouraged as a method of improving and rationalizing services in the American health care system. Prepaid group practice plans can also serve as an important resource for training future primary care physicians. They provide an organizational setting in which interns and residents can be trained in the care of ambulatory patients, senior physicians who can serve as role models during training years, and a mode of practice to which physicians in training might aspire. Information is presented here on the current use of the large PPGP's for training medical students and housestaff, and the reasons for the limited involvement of these Plans in educational activities. The initial modest efforts of one university sponsored PPGP (Harvard Community Health Plan) are presented as an indication of some of the approaches being explored. A number of obstacles must be overcome if these efforts are to be expanded and the full potential of PPGP's in the education of future physicians to be realized.


The United States and the United Kingdom are two very different countries when it comes to the role of government in health care and the practice of law. Differences in legal philosophy have directly affected the practice of health care and the concept of 'standard of care' in both the United States and the United Kingdom. However, these differences are a recent occurrence. For per the concept of standard of care, the United States and the United Kingdom share a common history and common originating philosophy. From the period when the first English colonies were being established in North America to the early part of the 20th century, medical practice and the concept of standard of care were very similar in the United States and the United Kingdom. The similarity between the two countries came to an end with the enactments of the National Health Service Acts of 1946, 1947, 1948, and the landmark court ruling in Bolam v. Friern Hospital Management Committee in 1957.


Dynamic analysis of a RC beam system under explosion loads is performed in this paper.The beam system can be classified as the second type beam with flexible supports.Computational model for the RC beam system has been established,and then formulae for the dynamic analysis of the beam system in elastic stage and plastic stage are deduced.Governing factors and their effects on the dynamic responses of the beam system are also discussed.The study indicates that the structural vibration of the beam system depends mainly on the fundamental frequency of supporting member ω0 and the parameterωθ .The higher the fundamental frequency and parameterωθ ,the larger the dynamic coefficient.The effect of supporting member can be neglected when ω 0 ≥ 5ω,and assumed to be rigid.


This study aims to obtain nano-sized magnetite nanoparticles and study the effect
of temperature on the function of the crystal structure of magnetite nanoparticles.
Synthesis is done by mixing natural sand with HCl as solvent and NaOH as a
precipitant ultrasonic. Function of temperature was varied from 30⁰ C, 50⁰ C, and
80⁰ C and seen its effect on the cubic crystal structure formed from the sample.
Sample test results magnetite nanoparticles were characterized by using XRD (XRay
Difraction) to determine the phase formation and the size of the crystals
formed and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) to determine the morphology
of the sample. From the results of the characterization of unknown fraction of the
sample volume decreases due to the appearance of another phase in the form (α-
Fe2O3), in addition to the sample of magnetite nanoparticles have a face-centered
cubic structure (Face Centered Cubic) with the crystal fields in accordance with
the standard crystal field JCPDS (Joint Committee of Powder standart) no.19-629
with the size of crystals at temperatures 30⁰ C of (22.62 ± 1.56) nm, at a
temperature of 50⁰ C (24.30 ± 1.20) nm, and the temperature of 80⁰ C (20 , 60 ±
0.60) nm. The results showed that the sonochemical method with a function of
temperature can reduce the size of magnetite nanoparticles and no effect on the
crystal structure of magnetite nanoparticles.


While acknowledging the challenges of resolving some relatively new kinds of inter-creditor conflicts, most of the panelists expressed confidence that today's distressed investors, working within the context of a streamlined Chapter 11 process, can be expected to play a major role in preserving values for creditors. At the same time, such investors will help perform the critical economic function of ensuring, in Douglas Baird's words, that those companies that should survive do survive and that corporate assets, whether liquidated piecemeal or kept within the firm, end up in their highest-valued uses with their most efficient users. The second half of the discussion focuses on some of the potential problems, or obstacles to the working of these market forces. For example, how will distressed situations play out in cases involving dispersed creditors, such as the holders of CDOs and CLOs? Will there be negative side effects from other financial innovations such as credit derivatives? Against the current backdrop of troubled credit markets and the possibility of growing defaults, a distinguished group of bankruptcy academics and practitioners explore a number of questions raised by the emergence of increasingly active distressed investors: Are these relatively new market forces and mechanisms at least partly responsible for today's historically low default rates? Can they be expected to continue keeping default rates low, even if the economy goes into recession? And perhaps most important, by preventing or delaying defaults, will these new reorganization methods end up increasing recoveries and preserving value? The second half of the discussion focuses on some of the potential problems, or obstacles to the working of these market forces. For example, how will distressed situations play out in cases involving dispersed creditors, such as the holders of CDOs and CLOs? Will there be negative side effects from other financial innovations such as credit derivatives? While acknowledging the challenges of resolving some relatively new kinds of inter-creditor conflicts, most of the panelists expressed confidence that today's distressed investors, working within the context of a streamlined Chapter 11 process, can be expected to play a major role in preserving values for creditors. At the same time, such investors will help perform the critical economic function of ensuring, in Douglas Baird's words, that those companies that should survive do survive and that corporate assets, whether liquidated piecemeal or kept within the firm, end up in their highest-valued uses with their most efficient users.


Nonresponse to neoadjuvant therapy is a significant challenge for clinicians managing solid cancers. This study aimed to determine whether epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) was associated with nonresponse to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.


In order to improve the durability and economy of a hybrid power system composed of a battery and supercapacitors, a control strategy that can reduce fluctuations of the battery current is regarded as a significant tool to deal with this issue. This paper puts forwards a disturbance rejection control strategy for a hybrid power system taking into account the degradation of the battery. First, the degradation estimation of the battery is done by the model-driven method based on the degradation model and Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF). Considering the transient and sinusoidal disturbance from the load in such a hybrid system, it is indispensable to smooth the behavior of the battery current in order to ensure the lifespan of the battery. Moreover, the constraints for the hybrid system should be considered for safety purposes. In order to deal with these demands, a cascaded voltage control loop based on a super twisting controller and proportional integral controller with an anti-windup scheme is designed for regulating the DC bus voltage in an inner voltage loop and supercapacitors' voltage in an outer voltage loop, respectively. The specific feature of the proposed control method is that it operates like a low-pass filter so as to reduce the oscillations on the DC bus.


Abstract : Three preceding reports presented the effects of shortening training time in Avionics Fundamentals and Aviation Electronics Technician R (Radar) training upon the final comprehensive examination in these courses and upon performance in a subsequent equipment course. This report compares on-the-job performance of graduates from the four groups receiving differing lengths of training. The results indicated that shortening training time did affect supervisors' ratings of fleet performance for groups matched on the basis of grades made in a short course taken prior to training in aviation electronics. (Author)


Background. Rust is a dangerous flax disease, which reduces the yield and quality of products. The choice of methods of breeding for resistance should be based on knowledge of the processes occurring in the fungi population, and leading to changes in its virulence. Materials and methods. The article describes the results of over then 40 years observation of the flax rust pathogen Melampsora lini (Pers.) Lev. populations' virulence during the study of resistance of accessions from VIR world flax collection on artificial infectious background. Late sparse sowings were infected by last year's infected with fungi straw. The method of this background creation allows one to maintain a natural flow of race-forming process. Results. Susceptibility of 45 relatively resistant accessions from 1978 to 2011 is presented. The significant narrowing of the fungi populations' virulence, caused by the spread in flax sowing zone cultivars with polygenic resistance, providing a calm epidemiological situation for several decades, was shown. Now under the influence of the distribution of varieties with different types of resistance, fungi turned into depression. Conclusion. The modern trend of breeding, mainly aimed at the creation of varieties with vertical resistance, and in the absence of control over the originality of their R-genes can lead to a new round of the disease development.


Perturbation methods are used to analyze the receptivity and early evolution of boundary‐layer instabilities over a wavy surface. The length scale for the surface variation is considered to be much smaller than the natural instability wavelength. This provides a simplified model for distributed roughness. Acoustic disturbances in the free stream couple with steady perturbations resulting from the waviness to force traveling‐wave modes. At first order, the disturbance field contains a Stokes mode resulting from the acoustic perturbation, and a pair of steady modes resulting from the surface variation. Interactions between these modes produce steady, unsteady, and traveling‐wave modes at second order. Further interactions, at third order, then produce a forcing that is close to resonance with the natural instabilities. The near‐resonant forcing provides for a distributed energy transfer into the natural‐instability eigenmode resulting in a nonlocalized receptivity. The total amplitude resulting from the rec...


The Nee-Kovasznay model is applied to the three turbulent shear flows ; the wall region of the turbulent boundary layer, the plane mixing layer and the turbulent Rayleigh problem. The model equation is solved analytically, partly by the use of a technique analogous to the integral method for turbulence prediction. The former two applications are intended to determine the two unknown parameters in the model by comparing the theory with experiment, the results of which are A =0.20 and B =2.2. In the third problem approximate solutions for the mean velocity and the turbulent viscosity are obtained and compared with experiments. Agreements are satisfactory. The theory shows also some disagreements, which may be due to the lack of the concept of `coherent structure' in the model.


Abstract : The work reported in this thesis used readily available components to implement a data acquisition system for a pulsed ultrasonic data collection facility. Use of hardware with controlling software is necessary to collect waveforms of acoustic potential at a given distance from the transmitting source. Precise movement and positioning of and acoustic receiver in the collection plane is accomplished by use of an xy coordinate motor-driven slide assembly. A signal generator and transient digitizer transmit and digitize the signal, respectively. These components are brought together synchronously using LabVIEW instrumentation software. This work provides an efficient means to collect waveform data which can be used to verify computer code written previously for the purpose of modeling pulsed ultrasonic acoustic diffraction patterns. LabVIEW, C, Diffraction, Ultrasonic propagation.


The wide band-gap of two-dimensional (2D) MoTe2 makes it impossible to directly detect terahertz waves. In this paper, a planar THz antenna-based 2D MoTe2 detection structure is proposed for THz detection. Numerical study shows that the designed and optimized double bow-tie Au planar antennas structure achieves extremely strong terahertz wave coupling in a narrow band at 0.1THz, and the absorption reaches 99.99%, and the enhanced local field distributed in central region of antennas. The absorption of the double bow-tie antennas is 1.3 times than that of the single bow-tie antennas with the same main structure parameters. When combine the double bow-tie antennas with 2D MoTe2, 0.1THz wave was detected by them under a small bias applied on the antennas. The carriers among the detector are brought about by the injected electrons from the Au antennas by the electromagnetic-induced well. The experimental results show that the detection structure has good ohmic characteristics, and the detection responsivity is 0.02mA/W, and the specific detection rate is 4.67×10 5Jones. This kind of antenna-based 2D materials terahertz wave detector can easily adjust detection wavelength by changing structure parameters of antennas, which has potential applications in terahertz detection technology.


This paper presents a user interface that was designed for people with sever aging related conditions as well as mobility and speech disabilities. Proposed user interface uses augmented reality to highlight objects in the environment. Augmented reality is created using a projection mapping technique. Depth sensor is used to perform object detection on a planar surface. This sensor is also used as part of a camera-projector system to perform automatic projection mapping. This paper presents the user interface system architecture. We also provide a detailed description of the camera-projector system calibration procedure.


Objective of the study was focused on the formation of novel herbal product from wild herbs and various dry fruits. Herbs are of high medicinal value and dry fruits have antioxidant activities. The ingredients used in were Withania somnifera, Piper longum, Asparagus racemosus, Pueraria tuberose, Elettaria cardamomum, Pistacia vera, Citrullus vulagaris, Cucumis melo and Prunus dulcis. These ingredients were tested for proximate analysis for moisture, ash, fat, fiber, proteins and carbohydrates. Apart from these they were also tested individually for their antioxidant activity DPPH method and total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Phenolic content was found to be highest in Piper lognum and antioxidant activity in Citrullus vulgaris. These tests were also done on the final product from these compounds. The total fat content and moisture were found to be higher in the product. The final product can be effective as antioxidant, fertility enhancer, anticancer, providing immunity in children and control of cardiovascular problems. The product is of high and effective food value. However, physiochemical studies are required to establish the nature and type of compounds responsible for the bioactivity of the herbal product.


Abstract. The erythrocyte sialoglycoprotein was purified from cells with complementary ABO(H), MN and Ss phenotypes. Serological examination of the sialoglycoprotein preparations demonstrated that this molecule does not carry the ABO(H), I or Ss antigens. The results also suggest that Ss activity may be associated with a minor erythrocyte glycoprotein. The characteristics of the ABO(H) and I antigens are consistent with earlier suggestions that these antigens are carried on complex glycolipids.


A Chinese man presented to our Accident and Emergency (A&E) department repeatedly for fever and respiratory symptoms. He was finally diagnosed to have polymyositis. Fever and respiratory symptoms are common presenting complaints to our A&E department and this case illustrates the importance of establishing a diagnosis in a patient with fever but without an obvious septic focus.


Abstract
The competitiveness of tourist destinations has been the subject of great research interest in recent decades. Nevertheless, and despite the diversity in the literature, studies focusing on the empirical validation of tourism destination models of competitiveness have still to be completed. Hence, this research project seeks to contribute to filling this shortcoming through the identification and evaluation of the factors underlying tourism destination competitiveness in Portugal. The study methodology adopted requires primary data that were sourced from a questionnaire deployed as a structured research instrument based upon the variables put forward by the Dwyer and Kim model (2003). Through recourse to structural equation models, the results report the existence of significant relationships between resources, supply and tourism destination management as the core and essential factors to the competitiveness of a particular tourist destination.


Wood materials are commonly used in structures because of its availability in everywhere, easiness in its processing, nice appearance, appropriate strength, weight ratio, etc. Appropriate used of wood materials in structures depend on the knowing of its properties. The properties of wood materials change with its variety and the conditions of region in which they are grown. Poplar trees have fast grown and low price. Therefore, they are widely grown in Tokat-Niksar area and used in farm structures. In this research, the log samples of poplar trees were randomly selected from wood shops to determine their physical and mechanical properties. The unit weight, shrinkage, expansion, compressive strength, tensile strength, bending strength, spliting strength and modulus of elasticity of the samples were experimentally determined. Turkish standards were followed to do necessary tests.


High angular resolution near-infrared images, obtained with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope adaptive optics system, are combined with archival Hubble Space Telescope data to investigate the central regions of the nearby Sb galaxy M81 (NGC3031). The spectral-energy distribution of the circumnuclear region, which extends out to 1. ′′ 5 (∼ 24 pc if µ 0 = 27.5) from the nucleus, can be modelled as a combination of an old metal-rich population and emission from hot dust. Thermal emission has been detected near other AGN, and simple models indicate that hot dust can account for ∼ 20% of the light in K within 0. ′′ 5 of the M81 nucleus. An elongated structure with M V ∼ −7, which may be an area of active star formation, is detected 0. ′′ 45 from the nucleus. At distances in excess of 1. ′′ 5 from the nucleus the J − K color of the M81 bulge is not significantly different from what is seen in M31. The HST data are also used to search for bright globular clusters within 2kpc of the center of M81. The area within 0.26 kpc of the M81 nucleus is largely devoid of bright globular clusters, in agreement with what is seen in the central regions of the Galaxy and M31. However, our survey indicates that there may be ∼ 45 ± 12 globular cluster candidates with M V ≤ −7 within 2 kpc of the galaxy center, which is consistent with what would be infered from the Milky-Way cluster system after adjusting for differences in the total number of clusters.


Microgrids have been rapidly deployed in electric power systems in recent years with significant accompanying benefits. The load frequency control or secondary frequency control problem of microgrid in islanded mode has been addressed in this paper. The microgrid system is comprised of renewable energy sources like wind turbine generator (WTG), solar photovoltaic (SPV), and autonomous electric energy generation sources like diesel generator (DG), and fuel cells (FC) along with two energy storage devices namely battery energy storage system (BESS) and flywheel energy storage system (FESS). The proposed fractional order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller is designed by using stability boundary locus (SBL) technique to stabilize the frequency changes due to fluctuations in loads, wind speeds and solar intensity in the presence of communication time delay. The FOPID controller delivers the control signal to the generating sources by employing the communication channels. These communication channels are prone to time delay. The time delay can affect the microgrid system stability and in worst case the microgrid system may become unstable. The efficacy of the proposed controller is verified by the simulation results.


Deuteration of disopyramide, 4-diisopropylamino-2-(2-pyridyl)-2-phenylbutyramide, was accomplished in an excess of 2H2SO4 at 125–135°C. Incorporation of 2-4 atoms of deuterium occurs with 65% recovery of disopyramide. At higher temperatures (150°C) greater incorporation of deuterium occurs, but substantial decomposition reduces the recovery of disopyramide to 25%.


The commercialization of natural enemies and their increased use in pest management present applied entomologists and ecologists with formidable challenges. A response to these challenges requires reducing the cost of mass-rearing and manipulating natural enemies; improving the success rate and predictability of biological control procedures; and demonstrating the effectiveness, ecological benefits, and safety of biological control under commercial conditions.


A computer processing method or system for character information is characterized in that: strokes of any Chinese character include only 'horizontal stroke, vertical stroke, left-falling stroke, right-falling stroke, turning stroke', and each of the strokes may correspond to a segment in a corresponding angle direction in the same 'Union Jack' shape, and 'reasonable', that is, regular assigning, coding, converting, and quantization operation can be performed on different strokes in a uniform and precise manner.


In neuroimaging analysis, fMRI can well assess the function changes for brain diseases with no obvious structural lesions. To date, most deep-learning-based fMRI studies have employed functional connectivity (FC) as the basic feature for disease classification. However, FC is calculated on time series of predefined regions of interest and neglects detailed information contained in each voxel. Another drawback of using FC is the limited sample size for the training of deep models. The low representation ability of FC leads to poor performance in clinical practice, especially when dealing with multimodal medical data involving multiple types of visual signals and textual records for brain diseases. To overcome this bottleneck problem in the fMRI feature modality, we propose BrainFormer, an end-to-end functional interaction learning method for brain disease classification with single fMRI volume. Unlike traditional deep learning methods that construct convolution and transformers on FC, BrainFormer learns the functional interaction from fMRI signals, by modeling the local cues within each voxel with 3D convolutions and capturing the global correlations among distant regions with specially designed global attention mechanisms from shallow layers to deep layers. Meanwhile, BrainFormer can deal with multimodal medical data including fMRI volume, structural MRI, FC features and phenotypic data to achieve more comprehensive brain disease diagnosis. We evaluate BrainFormer on five independent multi-site datasets on autism, Alzheimer's disease, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and headache disorders. The results demonstrate its effectiveness and generalizability for multiple brain diseases diagnosis with multimodal features. BrainFormer may promote precision of neuroimaging-based diagnosis in clinical practice and motivate future studies on fMRI analysis.


Through the quality control for the gravelly soil straight core wall at the earth dam of Qiaoqi hydropower station, this paper summarized the quality control method of coarse-grained impervious soil, for reference to similar projects in the aspects such as construction quality ensuring, quicken the construction progress and the economy benefit improvement.


In this paper we shall introduce a stationary natural mapping in w*algebra generated by a two-sided representation of a D* -algebra 01 with a motion <̂ ( e.g. cf. U8])— a D*algebra 01 is mean by a normed -algebra with an approximate identity and a motion Gr is mean by a group of #automorphisms on<7l(the motion has been introduced by Segal for C* -algebra)* Next, applying the stationary natural mapping and the decomposition theorem of Segal (cf* Th.4 and its proof of [71) we shall prove an ergodic decoraposition of a Or -stationary semitrace of separable 01 under a restriction which generalizes an irreducible decomposition of finite semitrace (cf. Th.l of C91, I), ergodic decomposition of Cr -stationary trace (cf. Th.6 of C8]) and ergodic decomposition of invariant regular measure on a compact metric space with a group of homeαmorphisms (cf. Th. in App, II of [3] and Th,7 of C73).


Lanczos‐type product methods (LTPMs), in which the residuals are defined by the product of stabilizing polynomials and the Bi‐CG residuals, are effective iterative solvers for large sparse nonsymmetric linear systems. Bi‐CGstab(L) and GPBi‐CG are popular LTPMs and can be viewed as two different generalizations of other typical methods, such as CGS, Bi‐CGSTAB, and Bi‐CGStab2. Bi‐CGstab(L) uses stabilizing polynomials of degree L, while GPBi‐CG uses polynomials given by a three‐term recurrence (or equivalently, a coupled two‐term recurrence) modeled after the Lanczos residual polynomials. Therefore, Bi‐CGstab(L) and GPBi‐CG have different aspects of generalization as a framework of LTPMs. In the present paper, we propose novel stabilizing polynomials, which combine the above two types of polynomials. The resulting method is referred to as GPBi‐CGstab(L). Numerical experiments demonstrate that our presented method is more effective than conventional LTPMs.


The purpose of this research was to examine co-relations and co-effects among physique. physical fitness and skill for the improvement of 50-meter Crawl ,swimming performance. The analyzed subjects were of 82 male and female high school students in P city who either won pries in national swimming competitions or were highly-skilled sites having more than four-year career. The results by canonical correlation analysis of whale subjects. gender, and main event are as follows. 1. In terms of relative influence of physique. the most highly affecting variables were respectively right height (33.99%) among height(28.76%), upper limb length(22.22%) and weight(15.03%). 2, In terms of relative influence of physical fitness. the most highly affecting variables were respectively right hand grip strength(27.82%) among VO2max(l·min-1)(27.07%). left hand grip strength(25.56%).VO2max(㎖·㎏·min-1)(13.53%). shoulder flexsion(3.76%)and shoulder extension(2.26%). 3. In terms of relative influence of skill the most highly affecting variables were respectively water flow velocity by stroke(51.77%) among record only by kick(39.0l%), water flow velocity by kick(4.96%) and record only by stroke(4.26%). 4. In terms of relative influence of whole subjects the most highly affecting variables were respectively stroke(18.67%) among kick(12.76%), sitting height(12.06%), hand grip(27.82%) among VO2max(l·min-1)(27.07%), left hand grip(25.56%), VO2max(㎖·㎏-1·min-1)(13.53%), shoulder flexsion(3.76%) and shoulder extension (2.26%). height(10.21%). right hand grip strength(9.28%), left hand grip strength(8.58%). VO2max (l·min-l) (7.89%), upper arm length(7.89%) and weight(5.34%).


Abstract As part of an extensive survey of the temperature and currents of Lake Erie, a vertical automatic profiling system (EVAPS) was deployed for three days in August 1980. This system consisted of acoustic current meters, temperature sensors and a pressure gauge. The buoyant sensor package was winched from the bottom up and down through the water column. The system collected essentially continuous vertical temperature and velocity profiles. From these profiles, the barotropic component of the flow was extracted; it shows the presence of longitudinal seiche and lunar tidal motions and demonstrates favourable agreement with a numerical model. An experimental momentum balance allows the identification of the important terms (Coriolis force, pressure gradient and local acceleration) and the crude estimation of the numerical value of the wind drag coefficient. The baroclinic part of the flow was decomposed into the three lowest order empirically‐computed internal wave modes. The first and second modes coul...


Both environmental and economic factors have driven the development of recycling routes for the increasing amount of composite waste generated. This paper presents a new paradigm to fully recycle epoxy‐based carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. After immersing the composite in ethylene glycol (EG) and increasing the temperature, the epoxy matrix can be dissolved as the EG molecules participate in bond exchange reactions (BERs) within the covalent adaptable network (CAN), effectively breaking the long polymer chains into small segments. The clean carbon fibers can be then reclaimed with the same dimensions and mechanical properties as those of fresh ones. Both the dissolution rate and the minimum amount of EG required to fully dissolve the CAN are experimentally determined. Further heating the dissolved solution leads to repolymerization of the epoxy matrix, so a new generation of composite can be fabricated by using the recycled fiber and epoxy; in this way a closed‐loop near 100% recycling paradigm is realized. In addition, epoxy composites with surface damage are shown to be fully repaired. Both the recycled and the repaired composites exhibit the same level of mechanical properties as fresh materials.


Image constitutes the core of Mao Zedong's Poems.This paper first briefly introduces two concepts of reception aesthetics,meaning indeterminacy and horizon of expectation.It then applies these two concepts to analyze the various strategies of translating images in Mao Zedong's poems.The poems' indeterminacy and the difference in expectation horizon lead to readers' various imaginations.Therefore,translators,as privileged readers,can produce different versions.With special reference to the image translation in REPLY TO LI SHUYI —to the tune of Butterflies Love Flowers,this paper attempts to shed light on translators' different translating strategies of the same image from the perspective of reception aesthetics.


TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL, also called Apo2L), a novel member of TNF superfamily, induces apoptosis in transformed cell lines of diverse origin. TRAIL is expressed in most of the cells, and the expression is up-regulated in activated T cells. Four receptors for TRAIL have been identified, and there is complex interplay between TRAIL and TRAIL receptors in vivo. The actual biological function of TRAIL/TRAIL receptor is still not clear. Growing evidence has demonstrated that members of TNF superfamily transduce signals after engagement with their receptors. Cross-linking of TRAIL by plate-bound rTRAIL receptor, death receptor 4-Fc fusion protein enhanced T cell proliferation and increased IFN- g production in conjunction with immobilized suboptimal anti-CD3 stimulation in mouse splenocytes. The increase of T cell proliferation by death receptor 4-Fc was dose dependent, and this effect could be blocked by soluble rTRAIL proteins, indicating the occurrence of reverse signaling through TRAIL on T cell. The enhanced secretion of IFN- g mediated via TRAIL could be blocked by SB203580, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-specific inhibitor. Thus, in addition to its role in inducing apoptosis by binding to the death receptors, TRAIL itself can enhance T cell proliferation after TCR engagement and signal the augmentation of IFN- g secretion via a p38-dependent pathway. This provides another example of reverse signaling by a member of TNF superfamily. In conclusion, our data suggest that TRAIL can itself transduce a reverse signal, and this may shed light on the biological function of TRAIL. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 167: 1347–1352.


abstract:This essay explores the unavoidable transfer of ethical accountability to Holocaust perpetrator descendants, as seen in Jonathan Safran Foer's Everything is Illuminated. Building upon Maurice Halbwachs's theory of collective memory and Marianne Hirsch's theory of postmemory, this essay hypothesizes that Foer uses physical, metaphorical, and structural strings to transfer memories across generations and transmit repercussions such as judgment, guilt, and accountability to perpetrator descendants, a group frequently neglected in Holocaust research. This analysis expands the current scholarly conversation regarding post-Holocaust moral responsibility and demonstrates its transmission to later generations.


In this paper spatially interconnected (ladder) systems have been discussed. First, the multidimensional, in that case, 2D - continuous in time and discrete in the spatial variable, has been introduced. Next, the temporal dynamics has been discretized, which has allowed to create the general, discrete model for the system dynamics. It has been assumed that system elements are the subject of uncertainty of the norm bounded form. Finally, robust stability testing and robust stabilizing controller design conditions have been proposed and its effectiveness is illustrated by an simulation example.


AIM:To observe the sealing effect of ethanolic extract of propolis(EEP)with different concentration on human dentinal tubules,and to provide the morphological basis for propolis in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity.METHODS:Thirty-five dentin specimens with 3㎜×3㎜×2㎜ discs from fresh isolated maxillary premolars were randomly divided into 7 groups(groupA,B,C,D,E,F and G).After being cleaned and etched,groupA,B and C were vanished by 10g/L,20g/L and 30g/L ethanolic extracts of propolis(EEP)respectively,group D was vanished by fluoride vanish,and group E was served as the control.Then the sealing status of dentinal tubule was observed by scanning electronic microscope(SEM).The group showing the most sealing effect among 3 propolis groups was marked as"X".Group F was vanished by propolis at concentration of "X",and group G was varnished by fluoride vanish.After being brushed by toothbrush,the morphological changes of dentinal tubules were observed by SEM.RESULTS:30g/L ethanolic extracts of propolis(EEP)could seal dentinal tubules completely,and enter into dentinal tubules to a certain depth.and the effect of sealing was not noticeably weakened after tooth brushing.CONCLUSION:Propolis shows good effect of sealing dentinal tubules and may have a value of being further studied in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity.


Purpose The original Clinical Research Appraisal Inventory (CRAI), which assesses the self-confidence of trainees in performing different aspects of clinical research, comprises 92 items. Completing the lengthy CRAI is time-consuming and represents a considerable burden to respondents, yet the CRAI provides useful data for evaluating research training programs. The purpose of this study is to develop a shortened version of the CRAI and to test its validity and reliability. Method Trainees in clinical research degree and career development programs at the University of Pittsburgh's Institute for Clinical Research Education completed the 92-item CRAI between 2007 and 2012, inclusive. The authors conducted, first, exploratory factor analysis on a training dataset (2007–2010) to reduce the number of items and, then, confirmatory factor analyses on a testing dataset (2011–2012) to test the psychometric properties of the shortened version. Results Of 546 trainees, 394 (72%) provided study data. Exploratory factor analysis revealed six distinct factors, and confirmatory factor analysis identified the two items with the highest loadings per factor, for a total of 12 items. Cronbach alpha for the six new factors ranged from 0.80 to 0.94. Factors in the 12-item CRAI were strongly and significantly associated with factors in the 92-item CRAI; correlations ranged from 0.82 to0.96 (P < .001 for each). Conclusions The 12-item CRAI is faster and less burdensome to complete but retains the strong psychometric properties of the original CRAI.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the mechanisms of injury from crashes during competitive off-road bicycling (mountain biking) and to examine the type, location, and severity of the resulting injuries.

METHODS
We examined and interviewed all bicyclists injured while competing at 7 off-road bicycling events. Information regarding the direction of fall and the presence of a collision or mechanical failure was obtained, and the injury patterns were compared.

RESULTS
There were 97 injured riders, with a mean age of 28.3 years. Most victims were male (74%), and all cyclists wore helmets. Most injuries were minor and involved the extremities (70.5%). Injuries sustained from falling forward over the handlebars occurred more often than from falling to the side (65% vs 25%), tended to lead to injuries that were more severe (mean injury severity score [ISS] = 3.4 vs 1.7, P < .05), and produced more head and neck injuries (56% vs 8%, P < .05). Falls to the side generally led to a lower extremity injury (88% vs 57%, P < .05). Riders who were involved in collisions had injuries that were similar in severity and location to those of riders who had no collision.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that off-road bicyclists whose mechanism of injury involves falling forward over the handlebars are at risk for more severe injury, especially to the head and neck.


I thank Professor Atamanalp for the thoughtful discussion regarding our paper entitled "Colectomy for caecal and sigmoid volvulus: a national analysis of outcomes and risk factors for postoperative complications." We would like to congratulate him on his cited work of 1,026 patients with sigmoid volvulus as this is the largest series in the published literature(1). We appreciate his attentive consideration of our data and would like to respond.


This specification discloses a display apparatus, the GUI through the statistical processing of the usage pattern shown and a control method. Display device according to the present disclosure, an output unit for displaying containing the toolbar display; A sensing unit for sensing a user input on the screen; And a control unit for controlling the output section to display a screen corresponding to the type of received user from the sensing unit; in the display value containing the toolbar is included a plurality of the input window, the controller, the input window of the input number, the frequency, cycle analysis by the high frequency of use of the input window according to a predetermined reference input window can be controlled so that it is displayed in the location corresponding to the user's eye level.


part in an international Congress of Polar Explorers, and a Polar Exhibition, to be held in Bergen in 1940. Unfortunately the project had to be abandoned owing to the outbreak of the Second World War. After the end of the Second World War, international scientific co-operation in the Antarctic continued at individual level until the suggestion, in 1950, of a third International Polar Year developed into the familiar International Geophysical Year, 1957-58, the organization of which is summarized in the SCAR Manual. Selected bibliography


This article describes the representation of Muhammad Ali in the federal case that led to restoration of his boxing license in New York State and ultimately in other jurisdictions. An unusual aspect of the litgation is the manner in which the author's childhood experiences led him to the theory that ultimately persuaded a federal court to find the actions of the New York Athletic Commission unconstitutionally arbitrary and capricious.


Introduction: Few studies have evaluated the effect of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis on lung function in pregnancy and the appropriate mode of delivery. Case Series: Case 1 details a young multiparous female affected by pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis with the need for baseline oxygen therapy outside of pregnancy and fetus with severe growth restriction requiring delivery at term by cesarean section. Case 2 includes a young multiparous female with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis with an uncomplicated pregnancy course and delivery at term by cesarean section. Conclusion: In patients with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lung function typically remains stable in pregnancy. Interstitial lung disease may affect birth weight. There may be a recommendation for delivery by cesarean section to reduce pneumothorax risk.


This paper attempts to design a triple band h-slot antenna by using feed line technique. These bands cover GSM mobile phone system (0.9 and 1.8 GHz) and ISM band which is used for Bluetooth and wireless local area network bands applications. The CST microwave studio software is used as a tool for simulation. This antenna is an attractive candidate for important applications like mobile phone communication systems, mobile phone jammer application, and so on.


Abstract Autophagy is a highly conserved pathway for physiological metabolism. Bilayer vesicles transport their contents to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy is therefore a means of removing intracellular viruses and other pathogens in mammalian cells. However, the role of autophagy in virus infection is complex. Several viruses have developed a way to escape autophagy-dependent degradation and replicate themselves through autophagy. This article summarizes the fundamental mechanism and function of autophagy and its role in infection with viruses such as HIV, HTLV-1, and other retroviruses.


One of the biggest challenges in education is teaching mathematics, especially to children. It has been proven that difficulties students face when learning basic mathematics are often the result of previously acquired misconceptions. These misconceptions prevent the student from understanding new concepts and will eventually create a psychological barrier that prevents the student from learning more advanced mathematics. The conventional classroom environment does not provide the teacher with the most efficient means to detect and correct such misconceptions. The goal of our research is to develop an e-learning system for basic mathematics that is capable of providing each student with personalized content to overcome these misconceptions. The system uses a multi-agent architecture to monitor the activity of the student while simultaneously observing and modeling the student's knowledge and misconceptions. Lessons and exam questions are chosen dynamically by the multi-agent system to cover the prerequisites of new lessons depending on the profile of the user.


We report measurements by deep level transient spectroscopy of electron emission from the deep donor level (DX center) in Si‐doped GaAs and AlxGa1−xAs of very low Al content. For the first time, discrete emission rates corresponding to different local configurations of Ga and Al atoms around the Si donor are resolved. The large change in emission kinetics previously observed between GaAs and AlxGa1−xAs (x≥0.14) is thus shown to arise from the local alloy disorder which is absent in GaAs.


Social marketing aims to influence the behaviours of target audiences to achieve social goals for 'social good' (Peattie & Peattie, 2009): that which benefits individuals, the community and/or broader society (Rothschild, 1999). However, Andreasen (2003) argues the field generally focuses on facilitating the adoption, rather than the maintenance, of target behaviours. This is problematic since it is typically consumers' sustained performance of target behaviours that is ultimately crucial to social good (Andreasen, 2003, 2004). For instance, in social marketing's primary domain of public health (Gordon, 2011), many health behaviours need to be repeated over time in order to be effective. Sustained abstinence from smoking, for example, is required for health benefit (Feldman & Christensen, 2008). Despite this, limited social marketing research examines the drivers of maintained healthy behaviour (Logie-MacIver & Piacentini, 2010). This is an important shortcoming since it is generally more difficult to perform, and therefore facilitate, behaviours that need to be repeated over time (Evans, 2006; McKenzie-Mohr, 2000). Thus, improved understanding of the drivers of maintenance behaviour, particularly in the public health domain, is vital.

Within the public health domain, many social goals, such as improved population health and reduced burden of disease, can be achieved by facilitating the repeat use of preventative and curative health services. Sustained use of therapeutic mental health services, for example, is central to improved wellbeing for those experiencing mental ill-health (e.g. Melartin et al., 2005; Ogrodniczuk et al., 2005). However, extant social marketing literature focuses on the impact of intrinsic, individual factors, while largely neglecting the effects of extrinsic service attributes, on the sustained use of health services (e.g. Masser et al., 2009; Zainuddin et al., 2011). Thus, the sufficiency of current understanding of this target behaviour is uncertain, since services marketing research shows service attributes are dominant drivers of service continuance (Paul et al., 2009). This research, consistent with social marketing's adaption and adoption of commercial marketing theories and principles (Dann, 2010), therefore aims to explore the impact of service attributes on the sustained use of health services.
This study contributes to social marketing literature by improving understanding of the drivers of maintenance behaviour. In particular, it explores the impact of service attributes on a target audience's repeat use of a health service: target behaviour that is instrumental to the key social goal of improved personal welfare (Andreasen, 1994). This is aligned with the call for greater focus on public services in social marketing research (Wood, 2012). Further, it provides qualitative insight into the usefulness of the theory of repeat purchase drivers for consumer services (Paul et al., 2009) in the context of non-commercial consumer services. Last, it offers social marketers knowledge of the service attributes, which are directly controllable, that could be employed to influence target audiences' sustained use of health services.


Data mining is a term which proceeds with large amount of data. Online news classification is vast area of data mining. As large numbers of articles are published it is time consuming task to select the interesting one. In the previous research work the manual system were into action as the people were used to extract the news manually. A lot of research work has been already done in this field. So in research work the method of news classification is proposed define a hybrid model for the inner classification of clusters. It divide every cluster into sub clusters with the help of K mean, CART, SVM, HMM algorithms.


The rise of IoT has made possible the development of personalized services, like industrial services that often deal with massive amounts of data. However, as IoT grows, its threats are even greater. The false data injection (FDI) attack stands out as being one of the most harmful to data networks like IoT. The majority of current systems to handle this attack do not take into account the data validation, especially on the data clustering service. This work introduces CONFINIT, an intrusion detection system against FDI attacks on the data dissemination service into dense IoT. It combines watchdog surveillance and collaborative consensus among IoT devices for getting the swift detection of attackers. CONFINIT was evaluated in the NS-3 simulator into a dense industrial IoT and it has gotten detection rates of 99%, 3.2% of false negative and 3.6% of false positive rates, adding up to 35% in clustering without FDI attackers.


Based on the theoretical and methodological foundations of self-identification, it is important not only to determine its essence and its relationship to other events close to it, but also to reveal its socio-psychological mechanism. An analysis of the scientific literature on research problems shows that, first of all, self-determination is essentially a special process, a mental activity aimed at analyzing the external world, distinguishing its content and significance, generalizing the identified objects.


Geographic information system(GIS)has been widdy used in the fields of disease control and prevention for its processing spatial data.The article summarized its current application on HIV/AIDS associated research,composed of five major aspects,and provided evidence for further application.As the improvement of data collecting and sharing capacity,GIS would play more important role for AIDS prevention and control in the future.


Evaluation tools of anxiety and depression are useful for diagnosis and clinical management orientation before the changes caused by cancer experiences. The present study compared psychometric advantages and disadvantages of instruments commonly used in specialized services in Oncology: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). There were 200 patients diagnosed with cancer and in chemotherapy treatment participating in the study, being 30.5% men and 69.5% women, aged between 18 to 89 years (M=56.8; SD=15). The instruments showed coefficients of reliability varying between .74 and .84. The evaluated psychometric characteristics indicated better values for HADS-D and GAD-7. However, HADS-A and PHQ-9 were also found to be suitable for evaluation of anxiety and depression. We suggest the adoption of these instruments for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of cancer patients, especially in psychological and social domains.


Here, we present coupled geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb-S isotopic data of Early Cretaceous primitive gabbros from the North China craton. Strikingly, these rocks have highly unradiogenic lead compositions (206Pb/204Pb = 16.58 ± 0.24) and anchor one extreme end member (low 206Pb/204Pb and 143Nd/144Nd) in the global array of oceanic-island volcanics. Our study shows that they originated from an Archean fluid-metasomatized refractory peridotite source, in which highly unradiogenic lead was preferentially released with subducted Archean seawater and sequestered into recrystallized sulfides at shallow mantle depths. Sulfide/silicate partition coefficients for lead show a negative pressure dependence: Lead is more enriched in sulfide with decreasing pressure. Sulfide-bearing and iron-poor harzburgite as well as dunite residues at shallow mantle are expected to develop low U/Pb (and thereby low time-integrated 206Pb/204Pb) relative to a deeper upper-mantle source. Our preferred interpretation is that an Archean, highly unradiogenic lead reservoir may be stored in the spinel-facies refractory cratonic mantle. INTRODUCTION The lead (Pb) isotopic composition in Earth's interior is an important parameter that must be accounted for by models that seek to explain the differentiation history of the Earth. The mean continental crust and most oceanic basalts (ocean-island basalt [OIB]; mid-oceanic ridge basalt [MORB]) have apparently higher 206Pb/204Pb and 207Pb/204Pb ratios than the bulk silicate earth estimates, and lie either on or immediately to the right of the so-called "meteorite isochron" (Hofmann, 2008). This has been termed the "lead paradox" (Allègre, 1968) and requires the existence of a missing unradiogenic Pb reservoir inside Earth (Hofmann, 2008), which has been argued to have been dissolved in the iron-rich core (Wood and Halliday, 2010) or to reside in the silicate Earth (lower continental crust [Lee et al., 2012; Huang et al., 2014]) or lithospheric mantle (Malaviarachchi et al., 2008; Burton et al., 2012). Notably, metal–silicate melt partition coefficients for Pb (Lagos et al., 2008) suggest that Pb behaves as a lithophile (DPb < 1), implying that the high 206Pb/204Pb values observed in OIBs and MORBs cannot be explained easily by high U/Pb ratios in Earth's mantle resulting from Pb pumping to the core (Lagos et al., 2008). Lagos et al. (2008) and Hart and Gaetani (2016) experimentally demonstrated that, as a chalcophile element, Pb is more compatible in sulfide with decreasing pressure (<4.5 GPa; DPb ≫ 1), thus indicating that sulfide is the main host of Pb in sulfide-bearing silicate systematics. U is more incompatible in olivine (ol) and orthopyroxene (opx) than in clinopyroxene (cpx) and garnet (grt; i.e., the main carriers of U in upper mantle; DU < DU < DU < 1; Salters and Longhi, 1999; Parman et al., 2005). Because cpx is preferentially exhausted during melting, U becomes more depleted in cpx-poor peridotite at spinel-facies depths (Parman et al., 2005). Therefore, sulfide-bearing harzburgite/ dunite residues at shallow (spinel-facies) mantle depths are expected to be more enriched in Pb but more depleted in U, and thereby retain lower U/Pb. Accordingly, a shallow, early-formed refractory mantle domain will evolve to a relatively low time-integrated 206Pb/204Pb value. Furthermore, DPb correlates negatively with oxygen fugacity (Lagos et al., 2008), which implies that Pb becomes more compatible in reduced sulfides (DPb ≫ 1). Therefore, cratonic peridotite could make Pb-rich sulfides survive in the mantle for long periods of time due to its low oxygen fugacity (mean ΔlogfO2 = –2.83), which is considerably lower than modern oceanic or suprasubduction peridotites (mean ΔlogfO2 = +0.51; Foley, 2011). If this is true, then a shallow, reduced refractory cratonic mantle that persisted for billions of years is a likely candidate for the highly unradiogenic Pb reservoir. Here, we present geochemistry and Sr-NdPb-S isotope analyses on the Early Cretaceous Jinan gabbros from within the North China craton (NCC). Our data reveal that Pb excess over U in the shallow cratonic mantle could play a key role in the formation of an unradiogenic Pb reservoir. GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND SAMPLE DESCRIPTION The NCC has been divided into the Eastern block, the Western block, and the intervening Trans–North China orogen (Fig. 1A), based on age, lithological assemblage, tectonic evolution, and pressure-temperature-time (P-T-t) paths (Zhao et al., 2001). The Eastern block lost its thick lithospheric keel by delamination or thermal erosion (Liu et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2014). Its extensive magmatic activity and diachronous decratonization started ca. 200 Ma and clustered around 130–120 Ma (Zhang et al., 2014). The Shandong Province is situated in the eastern margin of the NCC (Fig. 1B), where Mesozoic voluminous intrusive and volcanic rocks formed in response to the rapid motion of the Pacific plate (Zhang et al., 2014). The Jinan high-Mg gabbros studied here (127.3 ± 0.7 Ma; Fig. DR1 in the GSA Data Repository1) were emplaced within the Ordovician marbles in the western Shandong Province. Sulfide (pyrite ± chalcopyrite) *E-mail: email@example.com 1GSA Data Repository item 2020172, analytical methods, Figures DR1 and DR2, and Tables DR1–DR5, is available online at http://www.geosociety.org/datarepository/2020/, or on request from firstname.lastname@example.com. Published online XX Month 2020


The effects of different types of fibers on the physical and mechanical behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) are reported. In particular, the flow behavior, mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact resistance) and morphology are examined. It has been found that all the fibers studied behave as effective reinforcing agents for the polypropylene matrix. In fact, a notable increase of the mechanical properties is observed in presence of the fibers, the aramid ones being the most effective. Moreover, dynamic-mechanical measurements provide a further confirmation of the reinforcement effect of the fibers, where a sensible increment of the storage modulus in presence of the fibers is obtained. The morphology of the composites is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A good fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion is observed, in particular, for aramid and glass fiber-reinforced composites. As expected, a good adhesion at the fiber-matrix interface gives rise to a sensible increment of composites properties.


.......................................................................................................................................... I Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................................... III Dedication ..................................................................................................................................... V Thesis Format .............................................................................................................................. VI List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ X List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. XII Chapter 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 1 General introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Literature Review: Mustard Seeds and their Phenolic Compounds ....................................... 5 2.1 Mustard seed ......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Processing of mustard and mustard seed products ......................................................... 9 2.1.2 Mustard Components .................................................................................................... 12 2.1.3 Mustard allergy ............................................................................................................. 12 2.2. Phenolics ............................................................................................................................ 14 2.2.1 Sinapates ....................................................................................................................... 15 2.3 Extraction of phenolic compounds ...................................................................................... 22 2.3.1 Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) .......................................................................... 23 2.4 Foodborne pathogens .......................................................................................................... 29


The microwave reflectometer is a popular non-intrusive plasma density diagnostic instrument on tokamaks that provides centimeter and millisecond level resolution. The ultrashort-pulse reflectometer (USPR) achieves plasma density measurement by emitting a chirped wave containing a broadband signal and measuring the time of flight from different frequency components. A USPR system is currently being built on EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) to meet the needs of diagnostic of the pedestal density evolution, such as high-frequency small edge-localized modes. In order to predict the density reconstruction of the EAST USPR system, this work presents a numerical simulation study of the beam propagation of the chirped wave of extraordinary waves (X-mode) in the plasma based on Python. The electron density profile has been successfully reconstructed by the reflection signal interpretation. The small gap between the right-hand cut-off layer and the electron cyclotron resonance layer, due to the low plasma density on the plasma edge, causes unexpected leakage from the transmitting microwave beam to the pedestal and the core region. This kind of 'tunneling' effect will cause the reflected signal to have energy loss in the low-frequency band. The study also discusses the influence of the poloidal magnetic field on the reflected signal. The spatial variation of the poloidal magnetic field will lead to the conversion between extraordinary (X) waves and ordinary (O) waves, which leads to energy loss in the reflected signals. The simulation results show that the 'tunneling' effect and the O-X mode conversion effect have little effect on the EAST USPR system. Therefore, the currently designed transmit power meets the working requirements.


In finely dispersed ores of a stratiform uranium ore show of a new genetic type, we identified the complex relations between the oxide and silicate phases of uranium mineralization. These show this ore show to be of the hydrothermal group in which similar phenomena have been known for a long time. It is concluded that the mutual transformation of the oxide and silicate phases is more common than previously supposed.


Recent developments in production of chloride-free fertilisers prompted a test of effects of chloride on seed germination in soil. NPK nutrient salt mixtures, based on KCl or KNO3, were tested at 5 rates, in soil at 0.1 or 1.0 bar water tension at 10°C; other experiments on wheat and maize also used 2 and 3 bar tension and 20°C. Salt and chloride sensitivity varied widely; lettuce, cauliflower and sugar beet were most sensitive to chloride, but wheat and maize were also sensitive at high rates, high temperatures and in dry soil. Germination was never better with chloride-based than nitrate-based mixtures.


Objective To establish a method for determining sennoside A and sennoside B in Rhubarbs by HPLC.Methods sennoside A and sennoside B was analysed by using Hypersil C18column(4.6mm×250mm,25μm)with the mobile phase of tetrahydrofuran-water-acetic acid(15∶85∶1.5)at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min,and the detective wavelength was 350nm.Results The linear range of sennoside A was from 0.176g/L to 1.76g/L(r= 0.999 5),and the linear range of sennoside B was from 0.12g/L to 1.2g/L(r=0.999 5).The average recoveries were 100.44%for sennoside A(RSD =2.44%)and 101.37%for sennoside B(RSD =2.28%).Conclusion The method is simple,accurate and suitable for the determination of sennoside A and sennoside B in Rhubarb.


Majority of the population of the country resides in rural India. Indian Banks are very much reluctant to reach and serve the rural people. Reasons for this are lack of awareness, low incomes/assets and illiteracy among the rural population. Being a commercial entity, all banks in India prefer to deal in any financial activities which are profitable to them. Banks feel costlier to reach the remote places through brick and mortar branches to serve the rural people. A transformation through technology in the banking sector is required for the financial inclusion of all the individual of India. This review paper is an effort to identify the best possible way to increase the reach of banking sector in rural India.


Objective To explore the correlation between injection syncope and pa tients' position to enhance injection safety of patients. Methods Patients fro m outpatient and emergency department, who would take intramuscular injection, i ntravenous injection and phlebotomization were randomly divided into three group s:sitting group, half-lying group and lying group, respectively sitting on bench , half lying in sofa and lying in the bed when they took their injection and phl ebotomization. As for each patient with syncope, it was recorded his/her gender, age, medicine, position, symptoms and signs, blood pressure, treatment and reco very. Results The occurrence rate of syncope of sitting group is significantly higher than that of half-lying group and lying group. In 2 minutes after syncope , blood pressure of sitting group was lower than that of half-lying group and ly ing group. There were significant differences (P0.01). The rate of short-time u nconsciousness of sitting group was higher than that of the other two groups. Th e differences had obvious statistical significance (P0.05). Conclusion When p atients taking injection and phlebotomization, taking half-lying position and ly ing position can reduce the syncope rate effectively and patients' symptoms and signs, which should be spread in clinic.


The topology of weak convergence does not account for the growth of information over time contained in the filtration of an adapted stochastic process. For example, two adapted stochastic processes can have very similar laws but give completely different results in applications such as optimal stopping, queuing theory, or stochastic programming. To address this, Aldous introduced extended weak convergence, and subsequently, Hoover and Keisler showed that both weak convergence and extended weak convergence are just the first two topologies in a sequence of topologies that get increasingly finer. By using so-called higher rank expected signatures to describe laws of stochastic processes that evolve in spaces of laws of stochastic processes we derive metrics and embeddings that induce the Hoover--Keisler topology of any given rank.


This paper proposed an electromagnetic NDT method for inspection and characterization of railhead fatigue oblique crack using vertical magnetization.The characteristics of natural crack initiation and propagation induced by rolling contact fatigue(RCF)were analyzed and simplified for theoretical investigation of vertical magnetization test.The relationship between detection signals and crack dimensions,such as inclined angle with running surface,growth path with different turning angles,propagation depth and length of surface crack and buried depth of sub-surface crack,were provided by carrying out 2-D static FEM simulation.The results demonstrated that this approach could effectively recognize surface and sub-surface oblique crack and their propagation characteristics.This approach is suitable for rail RCF damage inspection and fault early warning of high speed railway.


one familiar with the writers of the last century must have observed that there is at least one striking difference in the way they gave medicines, as contrasted with the present day. Such medicines as could be used in powder were very generally so given. Now, I have no hesitation in saying that, of tlle different ways in which a medicine may be administered, this way is by far the mnost likely to prove efficacious. The medicine is given in the simplest form, and is consequently much less likely to be in any way injured by preparation. The processes put in force to give medicines a different form, such as infusions, decoctions, tinctures, and extracts, are all more or less capable of altering-to say the least of it-tihe effects of the entire class taken from the vegetable kingdom. It is for this reasorn that the conviction is strong on my mind that the physicians of the last century were more successful in the treatment of disease than those of the present day. AMany of their medicines were given in a more effective form, and the result was in proportion. Actincg on this idea, I have long been in the habit of ordering medicines in the form of powder; and each succeeding year has onlv the more strongly satisfied me of the efficacy of the )lan. As examples of medicines so used, I may instance colombo, cinchona bark, uva ursi, and others; in fact, whenever I can get the medicine in powder, I prefer it. That there are objections to this mode of using themn I admit. Tl'o many it is an unpleasant way of taking tlhem, and it occasionally occurs that the other preparations of a medicine will be borne when the powder will inot. But these are exceptional cases, and scarcely affect the general principle. Last winter I had the honour of reading a paper chiefly on the use of uva ursi in cases of phthisis; and I then spoke particularly of giving the medicine in the form of powder; that in this way I had found it very efficacious; and that, being a cheap medicine, it could be continued with the poorer classes for a long period-a matter of considerable moment in the management of such a disease. I would just observe of it here, that I still continue to find it a valuable medicine, and that in by far the majority of cases I use it in the form of powder. To recapitulate: 1. To ensure the full effects of any medicines, they must be given in larger doses than is at present done. 2. As examples of this principle, sarsaparilla, benzoic acid, the dilute nitric acid, and the preparations of colchicum, may be mentioned. 3. The adulteration of medicines, or the substitute of cheaper articles, is a common cause of their failure. 4. The introduction of new medicines or preparations into practice tends to increase the difficulties of therapeutics, by enlarging the field for observation. 5. In testinig the effects of medicines, every care should be taken that the experiment is an exact one; and, when possible, the medicine should be given per se. 6. When the nature of the substance admits of it, there are good grounds for believing the form of powder is the most efficacious in which it can be administered.


The Condaghe di San Pietro di Silki (manuscript n. 95 of the Biblioteca Universitaria di Sassari) is a document dating from the 12th to the 14th century written in mediaeval Sardinian language. It is composed of several sections, one of which represents the condaghe's oldest core (condake vetere), while the others are more recent and were gradually added to the earliest register. The document gives an account of the life, economy and possessions of a monastery of nuns in Silky, near Sassari, and of other religious institutions in the neighboring areas. The chronological confusion of the documents included in the manuscript is generally due to the lack of dates and of historically known figures, as well as to the alterations of the original order made during the constitution of the Condaghe. This contribution aims to analyze the main historical, linguistic and graphical aspects of the condake vetere and to identify the most relevant features that distinguish it from the later additions.


By computer algebra technique and computer computations, we solve the mesh morsification problems 1.10 and present a classification of irreducible mesh roots systems, for some of the simply-laced Dynkin diagrams $\rmDelta \in \{\mathbb{A}_n,\mathbb{D}_n, \mathbb{E}_6, \mathbb{E}_7, \mathbb{E}_8\}$. The methods we use show an importance of computer algebra tools in solving difficult modern algebra problems of enough high complexity that had no solution by means of standard theoretical tools only. Inspired by results of Sato [Linear Algebra Appl. 4062005, 99-108] and a mesh quiver description of indecomposable representations of finite-dimensional algebras and their derived categories explained in [London Math. Soc. Lecture Notes Series, Vol. 119, 1988] and [Fund. Inform. 1092011, 425-462] see also 5.11, given a Dynkin diagram Δ, with n vertices and the Euler quadratic form q$_\rmDelta : \mathbb{Z}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}$, we study the set Mor$_\rmDelta \subseteq \mathbb{M}_{n} \mathbb{Z}$ of all morsifications of q$_\rmDelta$ [37], i.e., the non-singular matrices A $in \mathbb{M}_{n}\mathbb{Z}$ such that its Coxeter matrix Cox$_A$ := -A · A$^{-tr}$ lies in Gln, \mathbb{Z} and q$_{\rmDelta}$ v = v · A · v$^{tr}$, for all v $\in \mathbb{Z}n$. The matrix Weyl group \mathbb{W}$_\rmDelta$ 2.13 acts on Mor$_\rmDelta$ and the determinant detA $\in$ \mathbb{Z}, the order cA $\ge2$ of CoxA i.e. the Coxeter number, and the Coxeter polynomial cox$_A$ t := dett ·E-Cox$_A$ $\in$ \mathbb{Z}[t] are $\mathbb{W}_\rmDelta$-invariant. Moreover, the finite set $R_{q\rmDelta} = \{v \in \mthbb{Z}^n; q_\rmDelta v = 1\}$ of roots of q$_\rmDelta$ is Cox$_A$-invariant. The following problems are studied in the paper: a determine the $\mathbb{W}_\rmDelta$-orbits \cal{Orb}A of Mor$_\rmDelta$ and the set $\cal{CPol}_\rmDelta = \{cox_{A}t; A \in Mor_\rmDelta\}$, b construct a finite minimal Cox$_A$-mesh quiver in $\mathbb{Z}^n$ containing all Cox$_A$-orbits of the finite set $R_{q\rmDelta}$ of roots of q$_\rmDelta$;. We prove that \cal{CPol}$_\rmDelta$ is a finite set and we construct algorithms allowing us to solve the problems for the morsifications $A = [a_{ij}] \in Mor_\rmDelta$, with $|a_{ij}| \le 2$. In this case, by computer algebra technique and computer computations, we prove that, for $n \le 8$, the number of the $\mathbb{W}_\rmDelta$-orbits \cal{Orb}A is at most 6, $s_\rmDelta := |\cal{CPol}_\rmDelta| \le 9$ and, given A,A' $\in$ Mor$_\rmDelta$ and $n \le 7$, the following three conditions are equivalent: i A' = $B^{tr}$ · A · B, for some B $\in$ Gln, \mathbb{Z}, ii cox$_{A}$t = cox$_{A'}$ t, and iii cA · det A = c$_{A'}$ · det A'. We also show that s$_{\rmDelta}$ equals 6, 5, and 9, if $\rmDelta$ is the diagram $\mathbb{E}_6$, $\mathbb{E}_7$, and $\mathbb{E}_8$, respectively.


Background On May 8, 2021, Elon Musk, a well-recognized entrepreneur and business magnate, revealed on a popular television show that he has Asperger syndrome. Research has shown that people's perceptions of a condition are modified when influential individuals in society publicly disclose their diagnoses. It was anticipated that Musk's disclosure would contribute to discussions on the internet about the syndrome, and also to a potential change in the perception of this condition. Objective The objective of this study was to compare the types of information contained in popular tweets about Asperger syndrome as well as their engagement and sentiment before and after Musk's disclosure. Methods We extracted tweets that were published 1 week before and after Musk's disclosure that had received >30 likes and included the terms "Aspergers" or "Aspie." The content of each post was classified by 2 independent coders as to whether the information provided was valid, contained misinformation, or was neutral. Furthermore, we analyzed the engagement on these posts and the expressed sentiment by using the AFINN sentiment analysis tool. Results We extracted a total of 227 popular tweets (34 posted the week before Musk's announcement and 193 posted the week after). We classified 210 (92.5%) of the tweets as neutral, 13 (5.7%) tweets as informative, and 4 (1.8%) as containing misinformation. Both informative and misinformative tweets were posted after Musk's disclosure. Popular tweets posted before Musk's disclosure were significantly more engaging (received more comments, retweets, and likes) than the tweets posted the week after. We did not find a significant difference in the sentiment expressed in the tweets posted before and after the announcement. Conclusions The use of social media platforms by health authorities, autism associations, and other stakeholders has the potential to increase the awareness and acceptance of knowledge about autism and Asperger syndrome. When prominent figures disclose their diagnoses, the number of posts about their particular condition tends to increase and thus promote a potential opportunity for greater outreach to the general public about that condition.


China Statistics Monthly. [Chicago: China Statistics Archives, University of Illinois at Chicago, subscription per annum $240.] China Statistics Series. [Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Occasional, price varies.] Statistics are the staff of professional life for many social scientists and historians. These researching in the China field have long been faced with a dearth of statistical data, and that which existed was generally unreliable. Such is no longer the case. As the Chinese began to rebuild or, in fact, build for the first time the national statistical system in the 1980s, Chinese and foreign researchers have begun to base their analyses on newly available, and reasonably reliable, data. Consequently a new empiricism is penetrating the China field. The "statistical revolution" has been equally important for Chinese policymakers who can now root their policy programmes more in empirical reality. Feasibility studies have become de rigueur. This has been central to the replacement of policy by fiat with the more consultative policy process that emerged during the 1980s. The State Statistical Bureau (Zhongguo tongjiju) of China regularly collects and collates these data from the national to the household level, and makes them available in the Zhongguo tongji nianjian and other fora. In 1985 the State Statistical Bureau gave the China Statistics Archives at the University of Illinois/Chicago exclusive rights to publish SSB data abroad in English. China Statistics Monthly is the principal outlet of this collaborative project. Each issue includes regional and time series data on employment and labour productivity; industrial and rural output; investment and construction; prices; foreign trade and tourism; retail sales and household consumption; key indicators for Special Economic Zones; and quarterly financial data. Since 1988 the annual China Statistical Abstract has made available in English a wide variety of economic, financial, trade, social, cultural, scientific, public health and other data. Other occasional volumes in the China Statistics Series include China Social Statistics 1986; China Rural Statistics 1988; China Urban Statistics 1988; and China Trade and Price Statistics 1988. Want to know the national number of annual divorces, pork intake, steel output, letters posted, GVIO, retail sales of wrist watches, Sino-Algerian trade, or residential floor space in Guizhou province? Look no further than these volumes. Clear and useful explanatory notes by the series editors make it easier to gain statistical control of these unique data. Reasonably priced given the unique data they contain, China Statistics Monthly and the attendant volumes should be a mandatory mainstay of all professional China libraries and are providing a great service to the China field.


Designing healthy places from urban design with high walkability: Kashiwa-no-ha walkable design guidelines Urban design to improve walkability is being promoted around the world. This paper presents an example of regional design aiming at improving walkability in Kashiwa-no-ha area, Kashiwa City, Chiba Prefecture. The Kashiwa-no-ha walkable design guidelines were established with reference to prior guidelines and research. The guidelines set out 40 specific approaches and conducted case studies on nine streets. Through this project, future issues and prospects of urban design to improve walkability were organized.


The Q community (delivered by the Health Foundation) and Nesta have worked in partnership to develop a tool that sets out the skills and attitudes needed for collaborative and creative problem solving. The Skills map is a reflection tool that supports teams to better understand and explore the blend of skills required for collaborative working. It is focused on how teams can work together, is informed by evidence, and supports practical application. It includes activities for how teams can better understand their strengths as well as identify where the potential gaps might be.


Recent developments in literacy teaching have tended to target the needs of primary, rather than high school pupils and focus on technical, rather than affective aspects of reading. This paper describes a questionnaire‐based study undertaken to identify perceptions and views held by Key Stage 3 readers of different ages, genders and abilities. Outcomes support previous research, indicating differences between boys and girls and older and younger pupils, particularly in relation to reading preferences. Reading engagement appears to be linked to reading ability. EPs are challenged to offer perspectives that can contribute to literacy development at casework and curriculum levels.


The utility model discloses a manipulator assembly of flexible fingers. The manipulator assembly comprises a base, an arm assembly and a flexible hand, wherein the flexible hand comprises a finger pedestal connected to the arm assembly, at least two flexible mechanical fingers with a mutual clamping structure and a driving part which is used for driving the flexible mechanical fingers to grab and loose; and each flexible mechanical finger at least comprises three knuckles which are sequentially hinged to form a plane rocker mechanism. According to the manipulator assembly of the flexible fingers, the driving part drives the flexible mechanical fingers to grab and loose in a simulating mode when the fingers with the knuckles are used for clamping irregular workpieces, so that the manipulator assembly can adapt to the clamping of workpieces in different shapes and is high in universality; and at least clamping surfaces of the knuckles at fingertips are made of flexible materials, so that the surfaces of the workpieces can be protected from being damaged, the clamping area can be enlarged, the manipulator assembly can be used for clamping the workpieces which have high requirements on surface accuracy and surface quality, contributes to ensuring the quality of the workpieces and saves on-site use cost.


The paper considers the problem of robust estimating a periodic function in a continuous time regression model with dependent disturbances given by a general square integrable semimartingale with unknown distribution. An example of such a noise is non-gaussian Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with the L\'evy process subordinator, which is used to model the financial Black-Scholes type markets with jumps. An adaptive model selection procedure, based on the weighted least square estimates, is proposed. Under general moment conditions on the noise distribution, sharp non-asymptotic oracle inequalities for the robust risks have been derived and the robust efficiency of the model selection procedure has been shown.


There exists in nature many examples of systems presenting self-limiting behaviour: population dynamics, structure engineering, Townsend's electron breakdown, nuclear decay in radioactive equilibrium, histeresis process, meteorological models, etcetera. In this work we call attention to the advantages the use of a variational formulation should provide to the study of self-regulated systems, such as a unified description of the related phenomena, further comprehension of the internal structure and symmetries of the related equations, and the determination of the equilibria points via the energy function. We study the case of logistic systems, obtaining explicitly several s-equivalent Lagrangeans corresponding to the Verhulst's equation. Some dynamical properties are discussed in the light of this approach. Expressions for the mean energy function are also obtained. Keywords: logistic equation, Verhulst's Lagrangean, self-regulated systems. PACS: 02.30.Zz, 45.20.Jj, 87.23.Cc


This study was conducted to estimate methane emissions from domestic wastewater handling in Thailand during 1990-2008 by comparing the revised 1996 IPCC guidelines with the 2006 IPCC guidelines using results from activity data, assumptions and major parameters. The results using the revised 1996 IPCC guidelines showed that the methane emissions from domestic wastewater handling were higher than when using 2006 IPCC guidelines by about 1.49-1.64 times. These were due to the different parameters used and their assumptions including the fraction of population income group and the degree of utilization of treatment or discharge for each income group used in the 2006 IPCC guidelines. The differences in this study are due to the assumption of data of income fraction which is based on gross provincial product (GPP). Methane emissions from this study were higher than estimates reported elsewhere. The results were due to different BOD loads and different assumptions of urban and rural populations.


Banking plays a very important and strategic role in supporting national economic development so that banks need to maintain their performance in order to operate optimally. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of Green Accounting and Firm Size on Bank Performance with Firm Growth as a moderating variable. The population in this study are banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 2019-2021 and consistently publishing their annual reports and sustainability reports on the Indonesian Stock Exchange website. The samples used in this study were 37 out of 40 companies that met the criteria. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling method. Data analysis used in this study using multiple linear regression analysis with the EViews software. The results of this study indicate that the green accounting variable as measured by the green banking index has a negative effect on bank performance. Meanwhile, the firm size variable as measured by the natural logarithm of total assets has a positive effect on bank performance. The moderating variable, namely firm growth as measured by asset growth, weakens the relationship between green accounting and firm size on bank Performance.


A composite friction unit includes a three dimensional composite body formed of a substantially uniform array of predominately glass strands of primary reinforcing fibers in matrix of phenolic resin material, the reinforcing fibers distributed throughout the body in a predetermined uniform distribution and orientation, and a substantially uniform array and distribution of secondary fibers extending transverse to the primary fibers thereby forming a friction unit having a predetermined size and configuration and uniform distribution and alignment of fibers throughout.


The work is interested in the use and recontextualization of certain legal lexis in the representation of mediatized legal discourse. Specifically, it focuses on the media portrayal of Amanda Knox, the American university exchange student who was convicted of and subsequently acquitted for the murder of British Exchange student, Meredith Kercher. A corpus-assisted empirical analysis of word frequencies and keywords is aimed at uncovering examples of recontextualization and misrepresentation of legal terms and concepts. The data are analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. From a theoretical point of view, the work is informed by the notion that distinctive contextual characteristics of the system, culture, language, and society and the frames and scripts that these imply must be taken into consideration when analyzing (mediatized) legal discourse. Crucially, it argues that recontextualization is both a selective and on-going process, which in the case of mediatized legal discourse can lead to mispresentation of both rules of law and the systems through which legal systems acquire 'their meaningfulness and meaning' (Cao 2007).


The shoot and leaf characteristics of 240 accessions of loquat germplasm resources which came from different origin region in Fuzhou national fruit germplasm nursery were investigated.The results indicated that there were abundant genetic diversity in all 6 characteristics,including length of central shoot,thickness of central shoot,length of lateral shoot,thickness of lateral shoot,length of leaf blade and width of leaf blade.There were extremely significant correlation between length of central shoot and thickness of central shoot,length of central shoot and length of lateral shoot,length of lateral shoot and thickness of lateral shoot,length of lateral shoot and thickness of central shoot,length of leaf blade and width of leaf blade.Both shoot length and thickness of loquat germplasm accessions from foreign countries were smaller than those of domestic species,but length and width of leaf blade were opposite.The characteristics of cultivated species including length of central shoot,thickness of central shoot,length of lateral shoot,thickness of lateral shoot,length of leaf blade and width of leaf blade were bigger than those of wild species and wild relatives.There was no obvious difference in length of central shoot,thickness of central shoot,length of lateral shoot,thickness of lateral shoot and length of leaf blade between the loquats of red and white color of flesh.


The present invention relates to a rigid reinforcing the truss member to place tension on the side of the truss member so that the camber (camber) is formed to the truss members by the fixing of the tension member composite beam. And synthetic viewing truss members for added strength rigid truss To this end, the support member, and the camber members, and the tension member, and a fixing member. The truss member is formed long in the length direction. Support members are respectively fixed to both ends of the truss member, it is formed through the first portion in the longitudinal direction of the truss member. Camber is at least one member is arranged in the truss member between the support member and is formed through the second portion in a longitudinal direction of the truss member. Tension member provides a bending stress to the truss members by passing through the first portion and the first through the second through. The fixing member is then secured to each support member in a tense state bending stress is provided in the truss members member. In this case, it is formed at a position higher than the second through-section with respect to the height direction of the first through-section truss members.


Abstract : From May to September 1939 Japan and the Soviet Union engaged in what started out as a small border clash but quickly escalated into a large undeclared war in the Mongolian plains near the city of Nomonhan. The Soviets won by employing over 1,000 tanks against the Kwantung Army's predominately infantry force by executing a near perfect double envelopment. However, the isolation of the battlefield, combined with the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, overshadowed the conflict. But today, both the Soviets and the Japanese examine the Nomonhan Incident in minute detail. It even serves as a case study at the advanced tactical schools of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force. The intent of this paper is to look at the development of the Kwantung Army from a strategic perspective using the Nomonhan Incident as a backdrop. Specific emphasis will be placed on identifying and analyzing the Kwantung Army's relationship with Imperial Japanese Army and the civilian authorities located in Tokyo. In the final analysis, the incident was a major contributor to the Japanese strategic decision to pursue a southern axis of advance in 1941, rather than joining the German attack on Russia.


It is questionable if early selection for resistance to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum reduces the efficiency of selection for grain yield in common beans. For this, it was used the segregating population of the cross between two common bean lines: CI107 (susceptible) x BRSMG Madreperola (resistant). Selection for resistance was carried out in F2and F3, obtaining three types of progenies: not selected (A), selected only in F2(B), and selected in F2and F3(C). The progenies obtained were evaluated for grain yield and pathogen occurrence in experiments. In F3:5, it was used 289 treatments (96 progenies A, 96 B, 95 C and 2 checks (T)); in F3:6, 196 treatments (64 A, 64 B, 64 C and 4 T); in F3:7, 81 treatments (26 A, 26 B, 26 C and 3 T). Selection of plants resistant to anthracnose in early generations increases the successful selection for grain yield in later generations.


Age discrimination is commonplace in the NHS. A review completed on behalf of the Department of Health in 2009 found that some decisions about referrals are based solely on the patient's age, rather than the individual's needs or fitness level. Some people are denied treatments on the grounds that they are no longer of working age - even though it is becoming difficult to define what age that is.


OBJECTIVE To establish an HPLC method for determination of diclofenac sodium in Diclofenac Sodium Enteric-coated Tablets.METHODS Using Diamonsil ODS(150×4.6mm,5μm)as coulmn,phosphate buffered solution(pH2.5)-methanol(25∶75)as mobile phase,and the flow rate was 1.0mL·min-1,detection wavelength was 284nm.RESULTS The linear range was 1.04~20.8mg·L-1 for diclofenac sodium(r=0.9999,n=5).The average recovery were 100.1%.CONCLUSION This method was rapid,simple and accurate.It can be used for determination of diclofenac sodium in Diclofenac Sodium Enteric-coated Tablets


The control systems in an infrared remote controller are designed using VHDL.The VHDL design is verified through simulation and implemented using FPGA.The System functions include key data codes and custom codes reading,infrared emitting code generating and emitting,etc.The VHDL codes of the systems are reusable and can be embedded in systems requiring infrared remote control.


Dengue fever (DF) is globally emerging mosquito born viral disease. Pakistan is at high risk of dengue fever due to unavailability of vaccine, crowded cities, inadequate sanitation, unsafe water and large number of refugees. The present study was intended to investigate the epidemiology of DF in Faisalabad, Pakistan. This was a retrospective study to measure the frequency and distribution of the disease. Total 1509 cases of Dengue fever were admitted in Allied Hospital, Faisalabad during 6 months. Case- control epidemiological study was also conducted to identify some of the risk factors of the disease. For this purpose cases (n = 200) and control (n = 200) were confirmed through identification of antibodies against Dengue virus (immunoglobulin G) in the serum. The pre-tested questionnaires were used to collect the data on various factors. The results showed that the relative incidence of DF was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in males (71%) than in females (29%). The most susceptible age group was 21-30 years with relative incidence of 34%. Relative incidence was highest (43%) in the month of October. Various factors which were found associated with the disease were People working in Lahore, people visiting Lahore during epidemic, excessive travelling, presence of disease in the family or neighboring houses, people living near watery areas, immunocompromised persons and low level of awareness. Further epidemiological studies are needed to establish the effect of risk factor on population.


To propose a Double ended with read decoupled 8T Static RAM cell, uses the double connectivity of the bit-lines that help in fastly discharging the read data from the stored SRAM cell and improves the cell performance by reducing power consumption and  its delay. The proposed cell consumes low power and gives high performance than the existing single ended 8T SRAM-cell.  In this analysis by varying the cell supply voltage and observed the scale down the voltage from 2.2v to 1.2v, maximum power reduction is observed in this proposed cell than existing single ended 8T cell.  That is power reduction of proposed cell is significantly reduced to 110.53uw to 316.59nw as compared to the existing cell power reduction is 247.22uw to 704.12nw. At particular cell supply voltage 2.2v, delay time of proposed cell is 35.231ps  then existing single ended 8t cell is 25.014ns. the entire design & simulation is implemented in the pyxis tool -130 nanometer scaling CMOS technology. Application : SRAM have been wide range of applications, used in every memory used display devices for example handheld devices like mobile phones, laptops….etc.,