In the period from 1945 to the early 1970s, special education in Glasgow expanded as part of general developments in education born out of a post-war concern for the health of the nation. The Education (Scotland) Act of 1945 made it the duty of education authorities to ascertain which children might require 'special educational treatment' and to provide this. However, the ascertainment of handicap was, until the Education (Mentally Handicapped) (Scotland) Act of 1974, also used to discover those with 'severe' learning disabilities who were excluded from educational provision because of their perceived lack of 'educability'. The publication of the Warnock Report in 1978 heralded a new era of special educational policy in the whole of the UK. Its publication and the passing of subsequent education acts sought to promote integration and inclusion. Furthermore they stressed the need for structuring understanding of handicap around the idea of a continuum of needs and the movement away from designated categories of impairment.


This study seeks to support an interdisciplinary, theory-practice integrated work on the applied ethics of information and communication technologies (ICT). Current work on applied ICT ethics is of a disciplinary nature and seeks to apply traditional philosophical norms to novel situations that are not easily identified by analogy to previous cases. I propose an alternative view in which ICTs are seen as a moral environment and ethical agents are seen as human-computer hybrids (cyborgs) whose experiences acquire ethical value ecologically. To implement such a view, I propose employing two different kinds of semiotics: a semiotics of meaning-making that is open to the environmental effects of cyborg acts across scales, and a material semiotics that allows for interdisciplinary practitioners to recognize the modes of existence involved in the ethical issues and work out better means-ends relationships among the modes pertinent to each discipline.


Published 05/05/2019 This study was aimed to determine the in vitro effects of four newly synthesized sulfonamide derivatives (Sulfacetamid ,Sulfanilamid, sulfadiazine, sulphamethoxazole) on human serum peroxidase activity in patients with thalassemia compared to healthy subjects. Total protein, the results indicated that there was non-significant decrease in STP, while a significant increase in peroxidase activity. Also, there was a significant increase in specific activity in thalassemia patients as compared to healthy subjects in the sera of thalassemia patients compared to healthy subjects. The results revealed that all used compounds caused inhibitory affection the peroxidase activity and the highest inhibition percent were obtained at (0.18 gm/ml from Sulphacetamide, 0.01 gm/ml from Sulphamethaxazole, 0.05 gm/ml from Sulphadizine and 0.02gm/mlfrom Sulphamide). This study also determined the kinetic parameters (Km, Ki, Vmax and Vmax i) at different concentrations from substrate and each inhibitor under the same conditions by using Line weaver-Burk equation and the results indicated that the level of Km was not affected by adding the inhibitor to the enzyme reaction and equal to the level of Ki, while the levels of Vmax were decreased when the reaction of enzyme include the inhibitor. Finally, the type of inhibition was found as non-competitive inhibition to the all used sulfonamide derivatives, this type of inhibition is characterized by its effect on the maximum velocity and is obtained when the inhibitor and the substrate were linked to different sites at enzyme.


According to the qualitative and quantitative evaluation in the evaluation of online learning,online learning evaluation group and evaluation index system is designed.AHP is used to design the weights of evaluation index.Then,the paper uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to set up the mathematics model of the online learning evaluation.The model may objectively and fairly evaluate the effect of online learning quickly.


Adaptive Approaches for Medical Imaging Security Ahmed Badr Mahmood University of Guelph, 2015 Advisor: Professor Robert Dony Securing medical images is important to protect the privacy of patients and assure data integrity. Consequently, encryption and watermarking were e xplored to improve the security of medical images. A novel encryption method is introduced to reduce the implem entation time and maintain the robustness of algorithms such as AES and 3DES. This method us es selective encryption in an adaptive way. The medical image was divided according to thr eshold criteria into the region of interest (ROI) and region of background (ROB). If ROB is larg e, the two-region algorithm is used. The criteria used to determine the threshold values are the K -means or region growing. If ROB is small, multi-region algorithm is used. The multi-region algorithm is a novel adaptive approach based on the variation of information. The threshold values of the regions are obtained using genetic algorithms (GA) tuned with selected parameters. A m odified Gold code is designed as an encryption algorithm for background regions. A new algorit hm based on the Chinese remainder theorem is modified to encrypt a medium information region. T he high information region is encrypted using the AES. The results showed that implementa tio time is reduced by an average of 20% and the robustness is maintained in most cases. In some cases , the correlation coefficient is high; therefore, an adaptive stopping-criterion permut ation algorithm is designed. Non-reversible watermarking is utilized to achieve owners hip verification as well as integrity of medical images. To avoid an incorrect diagnosis, the wate rmark should not modify the informative region. Image segmentation is applied to identify th e lowest information region. Embedding maps based on location and entropy are built to reduce cr opping attack effect. The DCT domain is used to achieve better invisibility and robustnes s. GA-based adaptive embedding algorithm is designed to select the frequency coefficients among three DCT models. The GA fitness function is designed using the variance and the SSIM. Invisi bility improved to obtain better security for various modalities.


This paper presents a new method of the Double Talk Detection (DTD) for acoustic echo cancellation. The main goal is to remove the undesirable acoustic echoes produced by the coupling between the loudspeaker and the microphone of the mobile station. Acoustic Echo Canceller (AEC) based on adaptive filtering is an attractive solution. In this work, DTD using discriminative speech feature extraction from the near-end and the microphone speech signals was performed. The main purpose is to discriminate between these signals for sensing Double Talk (DT) periods. To evaluate the performance we use the NLMS algorithm to update the filter coefficients. Results obtained from the TIMIT database show that the performances of the proposed method are significantly improved, compared to the Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) and Geigel methods.


Objective To discuss the endovascular covered stenting for the treatment of renal pseudoaneurysms due to a variety of causes.Methods During the period from August 2008 to September 2012,six patients with renal pseudoaneurysm caused by renal artery injury or renal transplantation were admitted to the hospital.As the patients were not suitable for conventional embolization therapy,endovascular implantation of covered stent was carried out.The cause of pseudoaneurysm included trauma(n = 1),iatrogenic injury(n = 1) and renal transplantation(n = 4).During stent implantation procedure,anti-platelet aggregation medication was given,and after the procedure anticoagulation therapy was used for 3 days,and oral administration of plavix and aspirin was conducted for half a year,which was followed by continuous oral administration of aspirin.Results In 2 patients the bleeding stopped after the endovascular implantation of covered stent and the renal blood perfusion was well maintained,and in the remaining four patients the pseudoaneurysm was completely isolated.During the following-up period lasting 2-34 months(mean 19 months),loss of renal function was seen in two patients,who had suffered from pseudoaneurysm at transplanted renal artery anastomotic stoma and had received covered stent implantation of internal iliac artery.One patient developed infection of unknown cause,and removal of transplanted kidney had to be performed.Excellent results were achieved in the remaining patients.No recurrence of symptoms,fistula or artery stenosis occurred.Conclusion For renal pseudoaneurysm patients who are not suitable for conventional renal artery embolization therapy,endovascular implantation of covered stent may after all be accepted as an effective and proper treatment although its long-term efficacy needs to be further evaluated.


A framework to assess the reliability of an automotive motor controller with power electronics is presented in this paper. In specific, the significant power electronic device inside the controller, i.e., Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), is modeled and its operation is simulated using the Matlab/Simulink tool. By computing its thermal behavior one can predict the impact of thermo-mechanical stress on the remaining lifetime of an IGBT under different mission scenarios.


In this paper, a design of compact broadband rectangular patch antenna with double U-slots for broadband operation is presented. The antenna geometry is fed with a coaxial line feeding technique using SMA connector. The feed is connected in between the two arms of U-slots. The two slots are created on patch which is placed on the thin dielectric substrate of FR4 material with dielectric constant of 4.4 and the overall dimensions of proposed antenna is 69 mm × 62 mm × 1.6 mm. The proposed antenna geometry's performance is investigated in the frequency range of 5 GHz to 10 GHz. This geometry exhibits resonance between 7.6 GHz to 9.2 GHz. In this work we have presented broadband rectangular patch antenna with U-slot which excites single broadband operation with around 1.6 GHz (20%) bandwidth and gain greater the 5 dB. Higher bandwidth at resonant frequency was obtained as compared to the conventional patch antennas. The proposed geometry was fabricated and tested for its validation. Measured results using network analyser fairly matches with the simulated values.


In this paper we seek to exploit some of the insights of a strategic - relational approach in examining the response of business interests to the newly devolved and regionalised governance context in Britain. In the analysis, the focus is directed particularly at the changing context within which business politics operates in the British regions and, importantly, on the perceptions of business actors and interests of their position in these changing contexts. In this way, we seek to move beyond established structuralist and agency-oriented approaches to business interest representation, which have tended to underplay the influence and complexity of business perceptions in exploring the changing form of business representation. Subsequently, we present some further brief comments on the respective capacities of groups and organisations representing business, and the strategic processes that underlie business responses to the new governance arrangements, which will be important to the further development of analysis founded in the strategic - relational approach. In broad terms, we argue that business perceptions of the devolutionary context have underscored a limited restructuring of business interest representation in Britain, as business groups register the ongoing centralism that characterises the British polity. In addition, the organisation of business interest representation displays a strong path dependency, reflecting a degree of institutional stasis and the strength of perceived structures in this sphere. However, a series of relatively modest changes are underway as a variety of business interests adopt particular kinds of strategies given their specific aims and capacities.


Pyrido [1,2-a] pyrimidine ring structure is one of the most interesting heterocycles in drug design and its derivatives have various potential pharmacological activities. An interesting approach of synthesizing a new series of pyridopyrimidine derivatives containing Schiff bases of certain amino acids, as privileged moieties of expected high potential in the field of antibacterial and antitumor agents, were investigated that may provide a synergistic model. The new derivatives 1-6 were synthesized by reacting 3-formyl-2H-pyrido [1, 2-a] pyrimidine-2, 4 (3H)-dione 1b with glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, histidine, tryptophan or leucine in methanol under reflux using glacial acetic acid as catalyst. The chemical structures of the new compounds and their intermediates (1-6, 1a and 1b) were characterized, identified and confirmed by spectral analysis (IR, 1H-NMR) and elemental microanalysis (CHN) and the results were within the acceptable limits. Disc-diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the newly synthesized compounds of interest 1-6, using Pseudomonas aurginosa, Staphylococcus aurueus, Bacillus subtilus, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli. The synthesized compounds 1-6 showed variable antibacterial activities ranged between good to moderately active, when compared with standards (amoxicillin and ceftriaxone). Compounds 4-6 also showed antifungal activities. However, compounds 5 and 6 are the most potent and have promising results. Compound 6 showed a good activity against all bacterial strains and fungi tested, while compound 5 showed the highest activity against Pseudomonas auroginosa. This approach has afforded the synthesis of new pyrido-pyrimidine derivatives containing Schiff bases of certain amino acids of reasonable and promising antibacterial activities.


In 1946 the cemetery committee reported at least twice to the Welland County council. The reports included the state of cemeteries within the county boundaries and recommendations for grants to be made for their maintenance.
The committee consisted of George F. Broadley, Chairman, and Herbert T. Guess, Irvin Edward Michener and Ellis P. Morningstar.


After analysing reference studies on the accessibility of digital communications media in Spain and consulting with accessibility experts, this study identifies the access barriers for disabled people, the elderly and other groups that can be generated by journalists when producing contents for the web environment. The main barriers which can be affected by the professional practice of journalists include the following: imprecise hyperlinks, image links without text alternatives, no new window alert, images with missing or inadequate text alternatives, incorrect heading structure, inadequate marking of lists, images with printed text, poor image contrast, the semantic use of colour without offering an alternative and incorrect marking of data tables. Barriers are identified in relation to fonts that are dependent on website layout, but contain properties that can be modified by journalists. Barriers that arise in multimedia content owing to the lack of subtitles or audio description are also detected, although the possibility of including such functions requires both knowledge and specific tools that are currently beyond the reach of journalists.


During an intense period of identity construction, adolescents are disconnected from adult, civic life and the opportunity to engage in activities important to society, and to receive rewards associated with such work. Adolescents, in turn, are apathetic to the immediate problems affecting society and are unlikely to become interested and engaged adults. This study seeks to determine the affective impacts of mandatory servicelearning on adolescents, and the role that these impacts might have on helping adolescents to create a more civic-oriented identity. Data for this study were gathered through openended, semi-structured interviews with students enrolled in the 12 th grade class at an ethnically diverse, urban Catholic high school in Southern California.


Vapor and liquid equilibrium phase compositions were determined at 50, 60, 70, and 75 o C for the octafluoropropane-chlorodifluoromethane system. Measurements were made at pressures from the vapor pressure of the two pure components to the higher of the azeotropic or critical pressure for the binary systems at each temperature. The equilibrium ratios for each component were calculated at each temperature from the phase composition data


Objective:To evaluate the health problems and help-seeking activities of methadone maintenance clients.Methods:Questionnaire surrey;the number and percentage of methadone maintenance clients were added up;standard deviation(SD),median,mode and range were measured by sub-item statistics.Results:90.1% of the methadone maintenance clients said they had one or more diseases,among which morbidity rate of HCV was 84.8%;98.4% of methadone maintenance clients said they had health problems in the past 3 months,among which maximum were the incidence rate of hyposexuality(80.7%),constipation(77.0%) and hyperhidrosis(67.1%).73.0% of the male clients had erectile dysfunction(ED),56.8% female clients had irregular menses;the clients might inquire someone such as the doctors in methadone maintenance treatment clinics(60.4%) firstly,doctors


illegitimate birth (which bore no such social consequences for the father) and with little or few financial resources to rely on. As Rublack also points out, execution for infanticide continued to rise during the seventeenth century, constituting up to one-half of all executions in German towns by 1750, while manslaughter by men rarely merited capital punishment. Selection of a criminal occupation does not seem like a great deal of agency for early modern women and indeed Rublack does not propose it to be so. Her understanding of personal autonomy and individual strategies, rather, relies on a much more sophisticated examination of various women within social structures (including those of their own choosing). Her objective here is not just descriptions of what various individuals did and how they were punished but rather the self-awareness and understanding detectable in their statements. This is tricky work, especially given the complications of defense narratives at work, but Rublack is especially skilled at identifying narrative patterns (e.g., seduction by a man, coercion by a parent) as well as the unique aspects to most of her subjects' stories. The results are not mere entertaining asides but rather vivid (and necessary) reminders of the individuals behind the patterns, of the personal joys and suffering that simultaneously connect them to us and drive home the differences between our worlds. This is no mean achievement for any author; for one attempting to juggle modern, sweeping interpretive frameworks and early modern, erratic legal documents, it is a remarkable achievement.


This book traces the trajectory of Sindhi nationalism in its quest for lost glory. It examines the Sindhi nationalist movement through its various stages, ranging from pre-partition identity construction in pursuit of the separation of Sindh from Bombay, to the post-partition travails of a community which lost its identity and its capital as a result of the arrival of millions of migrants from India (Muhajirs) and of the actions of an over-bearing central government. Going beyond the state and its power play, the book examines the long history of Sindhi-Muhajir contestation for resources in the post-partition period. The book develops a comprehensive profile of the agency of nationalist parties in Sindh, including the Sindhudesh detour and the later fragmentation of the Jiye Sind movement, which was followed by the emergence of new parties. The author also analyzes the dual role of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) as an ethnic entrepreneur inside the province while operating as a federal party outside Sindh. The book covers nationalist contention at three levels: the struggle for power between Sindh and a dominant Centre; the inter-ethnic conflict between Sindhis and Muhajirs; and the intra-ethnic contestation between the Sindhi nationalists themselves and the PPP.


The paper deals with the design of an electric-driven shipborne launching device. The aim is to develop a full providing device for safe and efficient lifting, lowering and maintaining of a ship's auxiliary boat. In the first part, different types of davits are briefly discussed. The next part is devoted to the calculation of the variable mechanical load, taking into account the features of the construction and operation of the device. After that, the appropriate electric motor is selected. Finally, the onboard lifting device's electric drive operation simulation and analysis are performed.


A survey was conducted at Botswana University of Agriculture and natural Resources at Sebele content farm to determine the intensity and level of mistletoe infestation in tree species. The intensity and the total number of trees per tree species infected by the parasitic weed were determined. Acacia eriobola, Acacia mellifera, Terminalia sericea, Ziziphus mucronata, Schinus molle, Acacia tortilis, Acacia erubesens and Acacia flekii hosted the highest number of mistletoe. Results revealed significant variation in level of mistletoe infestation between tree species. A 100% infestation was recorded in some tree species such as Acacia eriobola and Ziziphus mucronata. Severely infested indigenous tree species were dying, whereas most of the exotic tree species were either not infested or have very little number of mistletoe on them. The variation observed could be due to the fact that indigenous species the frequently visited by dispensers looking for food and shelter than exotic species. In addition, there is a possibility that the mistletoe species co-evolved with the indigenous tree species and the vector may be well established on the host tree species than on exotic species.


This paper will provide the average chemist with an introduction to the information that can be gained from Fourier transform in chemistry.


Sie, R. L. L. (2009). Coalitions in Networked Innovation. Presentation at the Open University of the Netherlands Professional communities PhD cluster. December, 2, 2009, Heerlen, The Netherlands: Open University of the Netherlands.


The pressure is one of the most important factors affecting the microparticle formation when using the techmique of solution enhanced dispersion with supercritical fluids (SEDS).The relation between the microparticle's diameters of ethylcellulose and the pressure is studied,and the influences of pressure on the characteristics of amoxcillin-ethylcellulose-carbopol particles are investigated as well.It can be concluded that the diameters of the ethylcellulose microparticles and the sustained-release and adhesive drug particles decrease with the increase of pressure,but the drug contents and drug release curves are almost the same under two different pressures.


A new crystal spectrometer for slow neutron cross section measurements is described in detail. Beryllium has been found to be an exceptionally good neutron monochromator extending the useful range of crystal spectrometers to energies of about 50 ev with good resolution. The characteristics of crystals for use as neutron monochromators are discussed in regard to intensity of the Bragg reflection, resolution, spectral distribution, higher order contamination, and background. Evidence is presented concerning the precision of energy measurements with the BNL spectrometer. The energies of the lowest resonances in the following elements were found to be: iridium E0=0.654±0.003, rhodium E0=1.260±0.004, indium E0=1.458 ±0.005, rhenium E0=2.16±0.01, gold E0=4.93±0.03, and silver E0=5.235±0.035 ev. Comparison with similar measurements made with time‐of‐flight spectrometers shows that the de Broglie equation for computing neutron wavelengths is valid to within about ½ percent, the precision of present‐day experiment...


Abstract:This article discusses the identification, made by the author between 2013 and 2019, of six borrowed movements in the Hamburg vocal works of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. Four of these borrowings are from works by other composers: an aria from a Passion by Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel, which Bach had already used in his 1772 St. John Passion, then reworked for his 1779 St. Luke Passion; an aria from a New Year's cantata by Georg Benda, also adapted for the 1779 St. Luke Passion; a duet from a cantata attributed to Johann Gottlieb Graun, which Bach reworked for the 1773 pastoral installation cantata Einführungsmusik Winkler; and an aria from the oratorio La passione di Gesù Cristo by J. G. Graun, which Bach adapted for the 1782 Einführungsmusik Jänisch. (This borrowing raises some questions, since La passione does not appear in either of the catalogues associated with the disposition of Bach's library after his death.) The remaining two borrowings were derived from one of Bach's own works, the Trauungs-Cantate: an aria, adapted for the 1769 Einführungsmusik Palm; and an accompanied recitative–chorus, adapted for the 1772 Michaelmas cantata Ich will den Namen des Herrn preisen.After an overview of Bach's borrowing practices, the article summarizes the discovery of each borrowed movement in chronological order of identification. The conclusion is twofold. On one level, it can now be shown that Bach used all but one movement of his Trauungs-Cantate for his Hamburg vocal music. That work thus joins the Magnificat as a trove of movements ripe for adaptation, almost none of which Bach left untouched. On a broader level, the continued discovery of borrowings is central to understanding Bach's working procedures, the type of repertoire that he borrowed, how he altered that repertoire, and the importance of pastiche to the life of a professional musician in eighteenth-century Germany.


This paper firstly made a brief and general introduction to cardiovascular disease,explained the cause of cardiovascular disease and physical recovery mechanism and finally expounded the importance of the prevention and recovery to cardiovascular disease.


Because of the special sex,protection of privacy of transgenders' is different from that of the general natural person.In order to effectively protect transgenders' privacy,it should make a difference between transsexual information and sex information,and the transsexual information should be included into the category of privacy as one of the object of privacy.At the same time,some important rules about protection of privacy of transgenders' transsexual information should be determined,including the formulating of the hospital,media and interested parties to keep the transsexual information secret,the limitation of the privacy of the transgender appropriately as a public figure,and the publicity of the transgenders' transsexual information based on legitimate reason and so on.


Neutral thermospheric wind pattern at high lati- tudes obtained from cross-track acceleration measurements of the CHAMP satellite above both North and South polar regions are statistically analyzed in their dependence on the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) direction in the GSM y-z plane (clock angle). We compare this dependency with magnetospheric convection pattern obtained from the Clus- ter EDI plasma drift measurements under the same sorting conditions. The IMF-dependency shows some similarity with the corresponding high-latitude plasma convection in- sofar that the larger-scale convection cells, in particular the round-shaped dusk cell for B IMF y + (B IMF y ) conditions at the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere, leave their marks on the dominant general transpolar wind circulation from the day- side to the nightside. The direction of the transpolar circu- lation is generally deflected toward a duskward flow, in par- ticular in the evening to nighttime sector. The degree of de- flection correlates with the IMF clock angle. It is larger for B IMF y + than for B IMF y and is systematically larger ( 5 ) and appear less structured at the Southern Hemisphere com- pared with the Northern. Thermospheric cross-polar wind amplitudes are largest for B IMF


Cosmic rays with energies well above 1019 eV are messengers of an unknown extremely high‐energy universe. The current state and future prospects of ultra high energy cosmic ray physics are briefly reviewed.


White rot of garlic caused by a soil borne fungus ( Sclerotium cepivorum Berk) is a major production threat of garlic in Ethiopia and all over the world. During favorable weather conditions, and when susceptible varieties are in the production system, the disease can cause 100% yield loss. Furthermore, sclerotium cepivorum is an issue of great importance for dry climate producers. Its intensity also vary with different cultural practices and environmental factors. The study was initiated with the objectives of assessing the incidence and severity of garlic white rot associated with environmental factors and cultural practices under dry season in North Shewa, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. To assess production practices, data were collected using multistage sampling technique from 40 garlic producing households. The data necessary for the study was collected from those sampled garlic producers by using a structured interview. In each sampled producers, three quadrants (0.5m by 0.5m) 2-3 m apart were taken by making diagonal moves in the field. Then, incidence of white rot was assessed by counting the number of plants showing white rot symptoms in each quadrant and averages were taken for each field. The assessment results showed that about 97% of the fields were infested with white rot. Disease incidence was varied among districts, altitude range, temperature, soil type and field management practices. However, the mean disease incidence and severity were higher in Menz Mama Midir as compared to the other districts. Keywords : garlic, Sclerotium cepivorum , white rot, district DOI: 10.7176/JAAS/62-02 Publication date: March 31 st 2020


Humic acid coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (HA-MNPs) were synthesized, characterized, and studied for the removal of toxic inorganic arsenic species from aqueous media. The adsorption of As(III) and As(V) followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the observed data were accurately modeled employing the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Application of the Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion model to the observed kinetic data suggests that the adsorption occurs in three distinct stages, fast, intermediate, and slow steps. We propose the initial stage is governed by surface association, followed by intraparticle diffusion of arsenic through the HA matrix and, finally, chemical reaction or bonding between the arsenic species and HA functionality. The HA-MNP nanoadsorbent absorbs >95% of the inorganic arsenic species with an absorption capacity of 12.2–12.6 mg/g from aqueous media and is effective under a variety of conditions. Post arsenic adsorption characterization of the nanoparticles suggests ...


ABSTRACT The present investigation deals with the wear micromechanisms in hypereutectic Al–Si alloy containing Cu (AR alloy) after an isothermal heat treatment developed by the present authors. The heat-treated alloy (HT alloy) is subjected to a dry sliding wear test in a rotary tribometer under various loads against a hardened steel disk. Tests are conducted at higher temperatures, viz., at 200°C and 300°C. Worn surfaces and wear debris are characterised in the scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer to find out wear mechanisms. The study reveals that severe wear occurs in the case of AR alloy at higher temperatures due to accelerated wear processes. On the other hand, HT alloy exhibits less wear due to resistance to wear in HT alloy. This improvement in wear behaviour in HT alloy is explained by the micromechanisms of wear.


ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to know the learning method of Inquiry Learning Small Steps in the  chemistry subject through online learning with Google drive media. This study includes an assessment of  learning activities and student achievement in chemistry lesson. Object of this study were students of X  Class of Technical Audi-Video program (X TAV) in the academic year 2016/2017 of SMK PIRI 1  Yogyakarta. The number of objects examined were 15 students consisting of 15 male and 1 female  students. Stages of inquiry learning is providing problems, formulating problems, making hypotheses,  collecting data, examining hypotheses and making conclusions. Data collection using observation sheets,  tests and questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. Based on the research results  obtained that: (1) The use of google media drive can increase student learning activity in the material of  atom structure in chemistry lesson. This can be seen from the value of student activity with score 4  (good), student's response value is 85% (Very Positive) and the value of student learning result Pre cycle  is 41%, Cycle 1: 54% and Cycle 2: 85% Keywords: Learning inquiry, google drive media, media learner Received: 16 January 2018, Revised: 22 January 2018, Accepted: 24 February 2018


This study aims to examine the General Election Commission's strategy through election education in increasing the political participation of new voters based on democratic principles. This research is a qualitative research. The results of this study indicate that novice voters basically need political education regarding elections held by the General Elections Commission. The condition of beginner voters who are still vulnerable to negative politics is certainly an obstacle to the progress of democracy in Indonesia. With political education for novice voters, of course the expected results at the upcoming democratic party in 2024 are increasing awareness of young voters.


The deletion of 32 residues from the N terminus of the α1 catalytic subunit of the rat Na,K-ATPase (mutant α1M32) shifts the E1/E2 conformational equilibrium toward E1, and the combination of this deletion with mutation E233K in the M2-M3 loop acts synergistically to shift the conformation further toward E1 (Boxenbaum, N., Daly, S. E., Javaid, Z. Z., Lane, L. K., and Blostein, R. (1998)J. Biol. Chem. 273, 23086–23092). To delimit the region of the cytoplasmic N terminus involved in these interactions, the consequences of a series of N-terminal deletions of α1 beyond Δ32 were evaluated. Criteria to assess shifts in conformational equilibrium were based on effects of perturbation of the entire catalytic cycle ((i) sensitivity to vanadate inhibition, (ii) K+ sensitivity of Na-ATPase measured at micromolar ATP, (iii) changes in K′ATP, and (iv) catalytic turnover), as well as estimates of the rates of the conformational transitions of phospho- and dephosphoenzyme (E1P → E2P and E2(K+) → E1 + K+). The results show that, compared with α1M32, the deletion of up to 40 residues (α1M40) further shifts the poise toward E1. Remarkably, further deletions (mutants α1M46, α1M49, and α1M56) reverse the effect, such that these mutants increasingly resemble the wild type α1. These results suggest novel intramolecular interactions involving domains within the N terminus that impact the manner in which the N terminus/M2-M3 loop regulatory domain interacts with the M4-M5 catalytic loop to effect E1 ↔ E2 transitions.


This study demonstrates all optical switches between the four diffractive light levels of a body-centered tetragonal photonic crystal. The sample is based on holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals that are fabricated using a twobeam interference with multiple exposures. The switching mechanism bases on the effective index modulation of the PC that contains a liquid crystal/azo-dye mixture could be controlled by two pumping laser beams. The switching time between the blue-laser-pumped and the blue-and-green-laser-pumped levels is fast.


As simulations and the machines they run on become larger and more complex the inputs and outputs become more unwieldy. Increased complexity makes the setup of simulation problems difficult. It also contributes to the burden of handling and analyzing large amounts of output results. Another problem is that among a class of simulation codes (such as those for physical system simulation) there is often no single standard format or resource for input data. To run the same problem on different simulations requires a different setup for each simulation code. The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is used to represent a general set of data resources including physical system problems, materials, and test results. These resources provide a "plug and play" approach to simulation setup. For example, a particular material for a physical system can be selected from a material database. The XML-based representation of the selected material is then converted to the native format of the simulation being run and plugged into the simulation input file. In this manner a user can quickly and more easily put together a simulation setup. In the case of output data, an XML approach to regression testing includes tests and test results with XML-based representations. This facilitates the ability to query for specific tests and make comparisons between results. Also, output results can easily be converted to other formats for publishing online or on paper.


An ultralow-power low-IF receiver for BPSK modulated signals has been developed and fabricated in a standard 0.13-μm CMOS process. The receiver offers exceptionally low power consumption whilst providing a high data rate for 402405 MHz medical implant communication service (MICS). The RF front-end consists of a differential CG-CS LNA with a positive-negative-feedback technique, a frequency doubler subharmonic quadrature passive mixer driven by current input signals and loaded with a low impedance. This will minimize the LO self-mixing dc-offset and introduces a high linearity. A Novel low-power binary phase shift keying (BPSK) demodulator architecture is presented. Based on the theoretical analysis, the maximum data rate of the demodulator is derived to be 1/5th of the carrier frequency. For experimental validation, a prototype was implemented for a 4 MHz down-converted signal in a low-IF receiver. The circuit occupies 680 µm× 530 µm active chip area and consumes 4.62 mW power. The design achieves 31 dB conversion gain and an in-band IIP3 of 3 dBm. It presents a phase noise of −128dBc/Hz while the reference spur is less than −52 dBc at 1MHz offset.


Abstract: According to the agreement between Egypt and Sudan in 1959 for the full utilization of Nile water arriving Aswan, both countries agreed to build the High Aswan Dam (HAD) in 1964 to get benefits from the water which was flowing to the Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, Lake Nasser, the greatest artificial lake in the world, was created with large areas of shallow depths adjacent to the edges of the lake on both sides according to the topography of the surrounding area namely (khores). These khores increased the surface area; consequently, the estimated evaporation losses reach about 10 BCM/year in average. Reducing evaporation losses from HAD Lake is an option to increase the Egyptian available water resources. Many studies were done in order to partially or completely closure of the Khores, where the surface area of the khores of Lake Nasser is about one third of the total area of the lake, which indicates the effectiveness of its closure in decreasing the evaporation. The objectives of the research are studying the Lake Nasser's large area khores, evaluating the idea of closing these khores using different types of dams such as earthfill, rockfill and rubber dams, and the consequent saved water. Meanwhile, a preliminary cost study for the different types of dams was done to determine the most suitable dam type. This research used the land sat 4 & 5 at years 1988 and 1999 in order to identify the surface area of the lake for the lowest and highest levels respectively. Also it gets benefit from the data available at Ministry of water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI), such as the Khores bathymetric maps and the evaporation rates of Lake Nasser. The results of the study show that Kalabsha khore is the most optimum for dam closure as its entrance is suitable for dam construction, and at high water levels it has the greatest area thus, reducing the evaporation. It is highly appreciated to use rubber dam either economically or environmentally. The amount of saved water reach about 1.0 Milliard m representing 11.11% of the annual total evaporation losses from Lake Nasser, the water saved may reach 1.53 Milliard m if the water level reaches 181.52 m for considerable time span.


This study aims to determine whether the GCG principles influence and play an active role and work efficiently to the timeliness of financial reporting. The type of research used in this study is descriptive qualitative research with descriptive data analysis techniques and data collection methods used are interviews and document studies. From the results of interviews to 4 informants who are employees AJB Bumiputera 1912 Branch Samrat Manado and document studies of these companies hence this study shows that the GCG principles influence and play an active role and work efficiently on AJB Bumiputera 1912 Branch Samrat Manado with the timeliness of financial reporting at the company . From the analysis of the study document company shows that AJB Bumiputera 1912 Branch Samrat Manado reported financial reporting in a timely manner by emphasizing the principles of Good Corporate Governance in it. Based on the results of research and discussion in this study it can be concluded that, from the results of interviews with researchers and informants document research company showed that the principles of Good Corporate Governance influence and play an active and efficient role in AJB Bumiputera 1912 Branch Samrat Manado, with the timeliness of financial reporting on the company. Furthermore, interviews with informants show that transparency, accountability and responsibility have a greater influence on the timeliness of financial reporting in AJB Bumiputera 1912 of Samrat Manado Branch, compared with the fairness principle, and the principle of independence that tends to have smaller roles and lesser efficiency and efficiency. Keywords: Good Corporate Governance, Timeliness of Financial Reporting


Treatment of 3T3-Ll adipocytes with insulin re- sulted in activation of 2-deoxyglucose transport activity and translocation of glucose transporters (GLUT4 and GLUT1) from the cytoplasmic space to the plasma membrane. ML-9 (a myosin light chain kinase inhibi- tor) inhibited insulin stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose transport activity by 80% at 100 PM (ICao = 27 PM) without affecting 2-deoxyglucose transport activity in the basal state. The inhibition was independent of ex- tracellular Ca2+ concentration and almost fully revers-ible at 40 PM ML-9. ML-9 did not inhibit insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of 96-kDa protein in the wheat germ agglutinin-purified preparation and of 96- and 160-kDa proteins in intact cells. However, ML-9 inhibited insulin-induced translocation of both GLUT4 and GLUTl in a dose-dependent manner. The dose-response curves were similar to those observed for the inhibition of insulin stimulation of 2-deoxyglu-cose transport activity. Neither insulin nor ML-9 af- fected the phosphorylation state of both heavy and light chains of myosin. Therefore, it seems likely that ML-9 inhibits the


Characteristics of general fertility studies are examined and criticized and some alternative procedures are proposed. Most of the criticisms are directed not so much at the way in which the studies have been done but at problems intrinsic to cross-sectional surveys as statistical species or implicit in the complexities of the phenomenon under investigation. The following facets present in all fertility studies are examined: 1) a definition of the universe in light of the purposes to be served by the study; 2) a set of measurement procedures oriented to the dependent variable; 3) inquiry into the intervening variables of fecundability and efficacy; 4) the probing of reproductive intentions; and 5) an attempt at explanation of the findings. The conclusion is reached that the potential of cross-sectional surveys as a procedure for enlarging knowledge of reproductive behavior is near an end and that in the future such surveys should be conducted by the government as a means of providing periodic bench-mark parameters. For academic demographers 3 lines of inquiry deserve priority: 1) establishment of the correct sequences of intentions actions and outcomes in peoples lives by interviewing the same people a series of times; 2) development of the methodology for measurement of group properties which are interdependent with reproductive norms setting the stage for a sociology of reproduction; and 3) abandonment of the multipurpose survey in favor of focused inquiries.


A Monte Carlo algorithm for calculating the single-particle spin-echo small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS) correlation function is presented. It is argued that the algorithm provides a general and efficient way of calculating SESANS data for any given shape and structure.


Inertial response from remote offshore wind farms (WFs) connected through point-to-point DC links relies on emulation of the onshore AC system frequency variation at each offshore wind turbine generator (WTG). This is not straight forward for a DC grid interconnecting WFs to multiple onshore AC systems. To address this problem, this paper builds up on a communication-less approach previously reported for provision of frequency services from offshore WFs connected through a DC grid. A weighted frequency scheme is adopted which relies on the fiber optic link embedded within the sub-sea cables for fast communication of onshore frequency variations up to the offshore converters. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown analytically and also through a case study on a 4-terminal DC grid interconnecting an offshore wind farm and two onshore AC systems. 1.Introduction: 1.1 Wind Energy Wind energy is a renewable energy source, i.e. a clean source, which does not pollute or increase green house gases. Moreover, wind resources are plentiful and wind will not run out. Wind turbines generate no CO2, NOx or SOx during operation, and very little energy is required for manufacturing, maintaining and scrapping the plant. In fact, with moderate wind onshore sites, a wind turbine will recover all the energy spent in its manufacture, installation and maintenance in less than three months 1.1.1 Wind Turbines Wind turbines are used to capture wind power. The standard wind power turbine of today consists of a turbine, which has three blades and the wind upwards, so the tubular steel or concrete tower is behind the turbine. The rotor captures the wind energy at the low-speed shaft. Since most generators are designed for high speed, a gear box is used and the energy is then transferred to the high-speed shaft and then to the generator. The generator is connected to a transformer to increase the voltage level to a suitable transmission level. The power in the wind of the area A, perpendicular to the wind direction, is given by the formula: P = 1⁄2AV where P is the power, 1⁄2 is the air density and V is the wind speed. The fraction of the energy captured by a wind turbine is given by a factor Cp, called the power coefficient. 1.2 Wind Farms To increase the electricity produced and to keep the used land area at a minimum, wind turbines should be put together in a group, a so-called wind farm or wind park. A wind turbine always casts a wind shade in the downwind direction. In fact, there is a wake behind the turbine, i.e. a long trail of wind that is quite turbulent and slowed down, in comparison with the wind arriving in front of the turbine. As a rule of thumb, turbines in wind parks are usually spaced somewhere between 5 and 9 rotor diameters apart in the prevailing wind direction, and between 3 and 5 diameters apart in the direction perpendicular to the prevailing winds. 1.3 Offshore Wind Farms At sea, periods of complete calm are generally extremely rare, and quite short-lived. Thus, the effective use of wind turbine generating capacity is higher at sea than on land. One of the primary reasons for moving wind farm development offshore is the lack of suitable wind turbine sites on land. Equally important, however, is the fact that wind speeds are often significantly higher offshore than onshore. An increase of some 20% at some distance from the shore is not uncommon. Given the fact that the energy content of wind increases with the cube of wind speed, the energy yield may be some 73% higher than on land. Economically optimized turbines, subsequently, will probably yield some 50% more energy at sea than at nearby land locations. Another argument in favor of offshore wind power is the generally smooth surface of water. Thus, wind speeds do not increase as much with the height above sea level as they do on land. This implies that it may be economic to use lower (and thus cheaper) towers for wind turbines located offshore. The temperature difference between the sea surface and the air above is far less than the corresponding difference on land, particularly during the daytime. Thus, the wind is less turbulent at sea than on land. This, in turn, results in lower mechanical fatigue loads and, thus, a longer lifetime for turbines located at sea. It is most economical to wash cables into the seabed (using high-pressure water jets) rather than digging or © 2020 JETIR February 2020, Volume 7, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIRDJ06014 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 95 ploughing cables into the bottom of the sea. Cables have a high electrical capacitance, which may cause problems depending on the precise grid configuration and the distance to the shore. If the distance to the transmission grid on land is substantial, i.e. greater than approximately 100 km, an interesting alternative can be to connect the farms to the land using high voltage direct current connections (HVDC). 1.4 Wind power WIND power is likely to replace a significant proportion of fossil-fuel based generation in countries like the U.K. where around 17 GWs of offshore wind power capacity are planned to be installed by 2020. Unlike conventional synchronous power plants, wind farms (WFs) do not naturally contribute to system inertia. Replacement of a significant amount of synchronous machines with wind generation would therefore cause a drastic reduction in the effective inertia of future power systems. This would result in large frequency excursions and high rates of change of frequency (RoCoF) after an event like the loss of a generating unit, impacting the system security and stability. In the future, WFs are likely to be connected to more than one onshore AC systems through a DC grid based on voltage source converter (VSC) technology to increase the flexibility in operation and security of supply. For example, a North-Sea grid and an European Supergrid are envisaged to allow effective sharing of intermittent renewable energy sources between the European countries. Emulation of onshore grid frequencies at each WTG (required to provide inertial support) is not straightforward for offshore WFs connected to multiple onshore AC systems through a DC grid. The challenge is to deal with multiple frequency variations in different AC systems which could have opposite trends. Onshore converters within a DC grid can be controlled to allow exchange of frequency support among the host onshore AC systems. Use of frequency-voltage ( ) droop control together with existing power-voltage ( ) droop control for autonomous power sharing has been proposed. An alternative scheme using direct communication between the AC areas is reported in. However, there is hardly any paper on the frequency support provision from offshore WFs connected through DC grids. 1.5 Dc Grid Converter Control A. Control of Onshore Converter As a natural extension to point-to-point HVDC links, all but one converters in a DC grid can be controlled to maintain their respective reference power while the remaining converter controls the DC link voltage, acting as a slack converter. In case of a converter outage, only the slack converter will take up the entire share of the resulting power imbalance. Moreover, the outage of the slack converter will lead to the shut down of the DC grid. For this reason use of power-voltage ( P V ) droop in each converter is recommended as it allows all the converters to operate in DC link voltage control mode in order to achieve autonomous power sharing. The value of the droop constant influences the sharing of the power imbalance between the converters. Fig 1.1: Control of Onshore converter B. Control of Offshore Converters The offshore converters connecting the offshore wind farms to the DC grid are required to be controlled to transfer all the offshore converters act as stiff AC voltage sources which tightly regulate the offshore AC voltage (Vac) at a given frequency. The offshore frequency can be altered without significantly affecting the operation of the WF: as it is unlikely that loads will be connected directly to the offshore grid, variable frequency operation of the system is possible. © 2020 JETIR February 2020, Volume 7, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIRDJ06014 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 96 Fig1. 2: Control of Offshore converter 2.1 Basic Control Variable speed wind turbines with fully rated converter (FRC) and permanent magnet synchronous generator are considered in this study. The control strategy for the FRC WTGs is shown in Fig. 3. This includes the control loops for each converter, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and pitch angle control to regulate the power extracted from the wind extracting the maximum power from the wind. The pitch angle is kept to 0, which corresponds to the maximum power coefficients. Alternatively, for wind speeds above the rated one, the turbine operates in the rated regime with an increased pitch angle ( ) to limit the turbine speed and output power at their rated values. Fig 2.1: Wind turbine generator control 2.2 Inertial Control: The WFs can provide frequency support in two ways. A possibility is to operate according to a de-loaded optimum power extracting curve. Alternatively, temporary overproduction can be achieved through the release of the kinetic energy stored in the turbine blades by slowing the speed of the turbine or pitching the blades. In this paper we consider that the inertial response of the wind farm does not depend on de-loaded operation.There are several mechanism for extracting inertial response from WTGs. Here we employ the derivative of the frequency variations to modify the power generated from the WTGs. This particular work focuses specifically on inertial response from offshore WFs connected through DC grids. However, the proposed framework is general and also applies to primary frequency support f


The concentration of heavy metals (HMs) camium (Cd), cuprum (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in sediments of Makassar Strait was investigated. We collected sediment samples from 28 research stations. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to measure HMs in all samples. This research aims to know the levels of HMs' contamination and pollution in sediments. The analysis revealed that the concentration of all HMs is still low and inlined with the sediment standard guidelines, exception of Cu and Ni. In regards to the value of I_geo and PLI, sediment in the Makassar Strait is still normal for marine life, and sediment is included in unpolluted categories (PLI<1). The sources of HMs in this strait come from human activities in the land of Kalimantan and Sulawesi Island.


The invention is a high speed steel roll collar applied to a high speed wire rolling mill and a manufacture method thereof. The chemical compositions thereof by mass percent is as follows; C 3.0-3.5, V 5.0-7.0, Cr 4.2-4.5, Mo 9.0-10.0, Co 5.5-8.0, Al 0.4-1.0, Nb 1.5-4.0, Ti 0.10-0.25, B 0.003-0.006, RE 0.08-0.25, Zr 0.06-0.12, Mn more than 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.0, and the remainder being Fe and unavoidable trace impurities. The roll collar of the invention is treated by smelting and deteriorating followed by casting on a centrifugal casting machine. The roll collar is annealed for crude processing, quenched and back fired for fine process. The roll collar of the invention has the characteristics of high hardness, good red hardness and the like, can be applied to high speed wire rolling mill, has good abrasion resistance and equivalent to hard alloy roll collar in terms of use effect, and obviously reduced manufacture cost.


This study suggests a Naive Bayesian style method called Frequency Matrix technique, which simulates cognitive mapping in human brain, to predict personal credit rates with incomplete data sets. Its performance is compared with that of multiple discriminant analysis and logistic regression. Missing values are predicted with mean imputation method and regression imputation method for these two methods. An artificial neural network is also introduced and tested for their performance. A data set on personal credit information of 8,234 customers of Bank A is collected for the tests. The performance of Frequency Matrix technique is compared with that of other methods. The results from the tests show that the performance of Frequency Matrix technique is superior to that of other methods such as MDA-mean, Logit-mean, MDA-regression, Logit-regression, and Artificial Neural Networks.


We are interested to solve the problem of drag reduction in transonic regime. In Particular in this work, we optimize a geometrie of aircraft wing immersed in an inviscid flow. The shape is represented by using the so-called "Free-Form Deformation" approach based on 3D tensorial Bezier parameterization. In order to improve the convergence rate of the optimization algorithm and to reduce the critical dependency on the choice of the parameterization, an adaptive parameterization strategies by regularization is developed. Numerical experiment will be presented to demonstrate the efficiency of our approach by considering a geometric reconstruction problem and then a 3D shape optimization problem in aerodynamics.


The web benchmarking systems broadly used in the construction industry (CI) are designed to provide results based on key performance indicators (KPIs). No insights concerning organization overall performance and improvements targets are available. This research aims to fulfill this gap using data envelopment analysis (DEA) as a method to complement the information provided by a set of KPIs. The methodology proposed is useful to all organizations involved in benchmarking routines. To enable a more realistic assessment of CI companies, two types of DEA models were used, one allows factor weights to vary freely and the other includes weight restrictions. These models assign an efficiency score to each organization, identifying efficient organizations and providing performance improvements targets for the others. To enable suggesting targets for all organizations, expert opinion was used to specify virtual units which were included in the efficiency assessment to define a practical frontier located beyond the productivity levels of the original DEA frontier. Based on a sample of 20 Portuguese leading contractors, the Portuguese web benchmarking system for CI, icBench, was used to demonstrate the advantages of integrating the DEA method with KPIs benchmark scores.


There are many defects in traditional clinical medical education,Socratic method has been used in law and commerce education,and we find it has the feasibility and operation to use the method in clinical medical education.


The invention relates to the technical field of wet-process smoke purification treatment and particularly relates to an energy-saving and water-saving purification system for processing smoke by using a wet process and an energy-saving and water-saving purification process. The system comprises a dust collection device, a raw smoke input flue, an absorption tower and a purified smoke output flue which are sequentially connected with each other; the system also comprises at least one group of raw smoke cooling and heat exchanging device arranged in the raw smoke input flue and at least one group of heat utilization device connected with the raw smoke cooling and heat exchanging device. Compared with the prior art, the energy-saving and water-saving purification system has the advantages that the heat of raw smoke is recycled by means of the simple and optimized design, the water consumption is greatly reduced, the equipment in the system is sufficiently prevented from being corroded at high temperature, meanwhile, a great deal of heat is prevented from being discharged into the atmosphere along with the smoke, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly effects are sufficiently achieved on the premise that the operation of the whole system for processing the smoke by using the wet process is not influenced; correspondingly, the economic cost is reduced, and the energy-saving and water-saving purification system is suitable for the field of wet-process purification treatment for smoke mainly containing sulphur and nitrogen oxide (SO2 and NOx) pollutants.


Water culture experiment was carried out with winter wheat at the tillering stage to study the influence of nitrogen level on some nitrogenous substances and biomass of wheat.The results showed that with the increase of N level,the content of endogenous nitrate,and the soluble protein were all increased in leaf and root;the content of endogenous ammonia in root and leaf were largest at the 5 mmol/L and 15 mmol/L;the concentration of exogenous nitrogen were too low or too high,the content of endogenous ammonium was decreased.The content of chlorophyll per plant increased with the increase of N level,there was a biological dilution effect in content of chlorophyll.At 15 mmol/L,the water content,leaf area per plant,and the fresh weight and dry weight of root and shoot were all largest.The ultimate reason of nitrogen rate affecting growth was that nitrogen level affected the status of endogenous water.


Introducing foreign species into a semiconducting solid consti-tutes a very mighty means for modifying its electronic properties such as the electrical conductivity. The foreign atoms usually occupy substitutional sites of the host lattice, a fact which limits the size of the impurity atom as well as the achievable maximum concentration. This constraint is lifted for layered host materials which can accommodate also large guest atoms and even molecules, and the limit of high concentrations in these systems yields so-called intercalation compounds. [ 1 ] Graphite forms intercalation compounds with, e. g., stored hydrogen, [ 2 ] Li, [ 3 ] as well as K which gives rise to superconductivity. [ 4 ] Also graphene experiences strong modifi cation of its electronic properties upon intercalation. [ 5 ] While graphene grown catalyti-cally on transition metals shows strong substrate interaction, it becomes decoupled by intercalation of Au and reveals the dispersion of massless Dirac fermions associated with free graphene. [ 6 ] The technology of Au intercalation has been applied also to graphene grown on SiC [ 7 ] and may evolve into a generally applicable method. In the framework of applying intercalation technology for graphene-based electronic devices, molecules may as well be promising intercalants. We


The purpose of this review is to explore the world literature on the avian adrenal medulla from the last 20 years. Unlike the mammalian adrenal medulla, the adrenal gland in birds has chromaffin cells mixed with cortical cells. Studies have investigated the ultrastructure (both transmission and scanning electron microscopy), biochemistry, and physiology (partic- ularly interactions with other endocrine glands) of the avian adrenal medulla. Although progress has been made, it is apparent that research on the avian adrenal medulla still lags behind work on the mammalian organ.


Lianas are an important component of the structure and diversity of tropical forests and the Amazon biome is one of few natural protected areas that still support the highest level of biodiversity in the world. Generally in disturbed forests high densities of lianas are found than mature forests. The aim of this study is to investigate the richness among families and lianas abundance with different diameter classes in permanent plots in the Amazon of Mato Grosso. To the survey were placed 8 plots of 40 x 250 in a forest fragment that has been management for 30 years, where we sampled lianas species with diameter breast height (DBH) ≥ 1 cm. There were sampled 3970 stems in the permanent plots, and the two most abundant were 2 and 6 with 594 and 573 individuals respectively. The richest families were Sapindaceae, Dilleniaceae, Menispermaceae and Fabaceae. These results confirm the hypothesis that disturbed areas have more density of lianas with small DBH.


Abstract : The purpose of this investigation was to study metal ion complexation of model imides. This was accomplished by observing the effect of metal ion complexation on the carbonyl stretching frequencies of two imides, N-cyclohexyl- N-formlyacetamide and 3,5-dioxopyrrolizidine. Two metal complexes were isolated, (CuCl2)3(N-cyclohexyl-N-formylacetamide)2 and Co(3,5-dioxopyrrolizidine)2(C104) 2. It is concluded on the basis of analyzing the infrared absorption data that when an imide is fixed in a conformation represented by the one for 3,5- dioxopyrrolizidine then chelate formation takes place readily. However, when free rotation around the imide C-N bonds is possible then metal complexation takes place only at one carbonyl and then at the oxygen with the highest electron density.


Distributed Generator (DG) placement techniques are in abundance now-a-days but selection of the best among the lot is extremely important and crucial. The selected technique should improve the performance of the system to its fullest. Two such prospective techniques namely Active power loss sensitivity factor (APLSF) and Voltage sensitivity index (VSI) are chosen for analysis in this go. On close scrutiny it has been observed that these methods show fruitful results in most of the areas barring few. To enhance their performance, a fault tree analysis (FTA) is constructed to identify the probable reasons of their below par performance. Having identified all the possible causes, probability determining techniques are followed to determine the primary cause. A vivid picture of the viable causes can help to rectify the method and use it as one of the suitable candidate techniques for DG placement fulfilling all the necessary requirements.


The liver is the primary organ that metabolizes the majority of the drug. Toxicity caused by these drugs to the liver is called hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity is a major concern in tuberculosis therapy, especially Rifampicin - Isoniazid (R-H). Studies showed that these drugs induce oxidative stress in the liver. This study attempts to determine whether the ethanolic extract of Physalis ixocarpa (EEPI) protects against R-H induced hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (each group n=6 animals). Group I, control treated with normal saline (5ml/kg, b/w, p.o.). Group II, Hepatotoxicity induced by combination of R-H (each 50mg/kg, i.p.) administered up to 14 days. Group III and IV, EEPI (100 mg/kg & 200 mg/kg, b/w) were administered orally one hour before the R-H inducing agent up to 14 days. Group V, Silymarin (25 mg /kg, b/w., p.o.) was served as standard. After 14th days animals were allowed fast overnight and blood was collected through orbital puncture and animal was sacrificed then liver tissue was collected for biochemical analysis and histopathological studies. Our results show a significant reduction in the level of alkaline phosphate (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and total bilirubin. Treatment with EEPI also showed a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. EEPI also reduced the macrovesicular steatosis and ballooning caused by the R-H. The present study demonstrates that administration of ethanolic extract of Physalis ixocarpa ameliorating hepatoprotective activity as evidenced by the biochemical and histopathological parameters.


In (2) Sinkhorn showed that corresponding to each positive n × n matrix A (i.e., every aij > 0) is a unique doubly stochastic matrix of the form D1AD2 , where each Dk is a diagonal matrix with a positive main diagonal. The Dk themselves are unique up to a scalar multiple. In (3) the result was extended to show that D1AD2 could be made to have arbitrarypositive row and column sums (with the reservation, of course, that the sum of the row sums equal the sum of the column sums) where A need no longer be square.


Simple Summary The observation that genetic mutations often do not cause cancer or disease in the phenomena of mosaicism, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), and heteroplasmy provides us with important clues about the origin and nature of cancer. We should be wary that the cancer genome may lead us astray to the wrong destination on a bad expedition unless we adopt the right cancer theory to elucidate it, and adhere to the proper scientific method to investigate it. Abstract Nowadays, many professionals are sequencing the DNA and studying the cancer genome. However, if the genetic theory of cancer is flawed, our faith in the cancer genome will falter. If gene sequencing is only a tool, we should question what we are making or creating with this tool. When we do not have the right cancer theory at our disposal, we cannot be sure that what we create from the cancer genome is meaningful or useful. In this article, we illustrate that mosaicism, CHIP, and heteroplasmy dispute our traditional perspectives about a genetic origin of cancer and challenge our current narratives about the cancer genome. We caution that when we have the wrong cancer theory, big data can provide poor evidence. Precision medicine may become rather imprecise. Targeted therapy either does not work or work for the wrong reasons. The cancer genome thus becomes a paradox rather than a paradigm.


Belonging to the technical field of biological sewage treatment, the invention relates to a method for deep denitrification of an integrated biological aerated filter, and the method is suitable for deep denitrification of sewage and wastewater. A device for deep denitrification of the integrated biological aerated filter mainly comprises: a water inlet system, the integrated biological aerated filter, a carbon source adding system and a back washing system. The integrated biological aerated filter adopts an upward flow operation mode, and is divided into a nitrification area and a denitrification area through a gas-water separator. The method includes: subjecting nitrogen-containing sewage and wastewater to ammonia nitrogen oxidation by the nitrification area at the lower part of the biological aerated filter; passing the gas through an intermediate water layer, then conducting separation and discharge; and making use of the electronic donor provided by an external carbon source in the denitrification area to complete deep removal of nitrogen. The device has a small floor area and a simple process, and is easy to form integrated equipment.


Marker chromosome analysis of 18 tetraparental AKR↔CBA/H-T6 chimaeras revealed a great excess of AKR mitoses over CBA mitoses in direct preparations from lymphomyeloid tissues, corneal epithelium, intestinal epithelium and skin (Table 1). The degree of AKR dominance was strongly influenced by anatomical site (Tables 2 and 3). The testes of three out of four XY/XY males contained a marked excess of AKR germ cells and produced a parallel excess of functional AKR gametes (Table 4). Mitotic spreads in mitogen-stimulated cultures of tail blood were overwhelmingly of AKR type in 1972, but less so in 1973 (Table 5). The coat phenotypes, and breeding results from known or presumptive XX/XX females, suggest that AKR and CBA cells were numerically balanced when melanoblasts and oocytes were formed during embryonic development, and therefore that the striking deviations from equality observed in mitotic populations of adult chimaeras arose later by differential proliferation or survival of AKR cells, or both. The low frequency of lymphomas, compared with normal AKR mice, previously reported in these chimaeras cannot therefore be accounted for by insufficiency of AKR cells in the thymus or elsewhere in the lymphomyeloid tissues. One of three lymphomas studied was CBA type. This suggests that the high risk of lymphomatous transformation is not an autonomous property of AKR cells.


The factor-augmented vector autoregressive (FAVAR) model is now widely used in macroeconomics and finance. In this model, observable and unobservable factors jointly follow a vector autoregressive process, which further drives the comovement of a large number of observable variables. We study the identification restrictions for FAVAR models, and propose a likelihood-based two-step method to estimate the model. The estimation explicitly accounts for factors being partially observed. We then provide an inferential theory for the estimated factors, factor loadings, and the dynamic parameters in the VAR process. We show how and why the limiting distributions are different from the existing results. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.


We have developed a novel strategy for producing nanopores in inorganic, CMOS-compatible membranes using a tightly focused, high energy electron beam. We are able to characterize the nanopores physically (TEM, AFM) as well as electrically (ionic conductivity and "wetting" curves). Subsequently, we used the nanopore as a molecular Coulter counter to detect the size of a DNA molecule. This is the first report of the use of an inorganic nanopore for discriminating DNA molecules.


An article presents Polish institutions dedicated to adult education from the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century that are a part of the lifelong learning concept which is so common and well-recognised currently. The aim of the article is to show that lifelong learning is not a new phenomenon; rather a well-established one. The need for andragogical historical research on the development of Polish adult education institutions, especially institutions, in which the adults could experience learning, is discussed along with the methodological comments. The article presents some selected adult education institutions; 1. Institutions connected to the self-education movement from the 19th century; 2. Type of common university – the Flying University, which developed from the before mentioned movement; 3. Higher schools for adults; 4. Folk high schools; and, 5. Day rooms for adults. The institutions exemplify the changes in the way the term learning was understood; from fulfilling the cognitive needs, through the needs of social engagement to the cultural, social and ludic needs. On the other hand, they are the examples of gradual enlargement of circles involved in those learning institutions; from the intelligence to blue-collar workers and farmers, from men to women, from those highly ranked in social stratification to those ranked much lower.


The analysis of present radiation exposure from exposure parameters with a computer program gives an orientation for the radiation burden to various organs of risk in dependence from geometric imaging parameters also for spot film radiographs taken under fluoroscopy. Recommendations for practical proceeding are derived. Considering the relation between fluoroscopy and spot film dose, minimum field size and optimum field location is important in fluoroscopy. With rare-earth-screens instead of conventional high speed screens a reduction of total dose by 27% can be achieved in conventional myelography, that was used as a model for our calculations.


This experiment focuses on the three-way interaction between domain-relevant structure, attention to domain-relevant structure, and expertise in their effect on recall for field-hockey information. It was predicted that experts' recall would decrease with the amount of domain-relevant structure, but only when they were able to attend to the structure within the stimuli. Novices' recall was not predicted to vary with these factors. The study used a 3 × 2 × 2 mixed-design with one between-subjects factor, field hockey expertise (expert and novice), and two within-subjects factors, domain-relevant structure (high, moderate and low) and attention to structure (attending and non-attending). Twenty-four experts and 24 novices each listened to six audio-taped scenarios (1 in each of the 6 structure × attention conditions) describing a sequence of field hockey play and recall was tested. The results demonstrated significant main effects for expertise, structure, and attention, and interactions of (a) structure and expertise, and (b) structure and attention. Importantly, the significant structure, attention, and expertise interaction provided the first direct empirical support for the constraint attunement hypothesis (Vicente and Wang, 1998) and for that aspect of the template theory (Gobet and Simon, 1996a,b). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


As a result of clinical-experimental studies, the possibility of non-medicament correction of arterial pressure (AP) by applying compression to chest was detected. The chest dosed compression appeared to cause a com-plicated reflex-hemodynamic reaction, decrease in the AP being the most favorable result. Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of compression of the chest is the object of this study. A device we designed for this purpose was used. Compression was given to a group of patients with eleva-tion of AP upon the clinical-instrumental examination, showed ITI St. of hypertension. Forty-four patients of both genders at the age of 31 to 48 years were included in the group. Studies performed demonstrated the dosed compression effect on chest of patients with hypertension to result in a persistent hypotension reaction. Treatment was carried out once a day for 7—10 days. For the period stated, patients were given no hypotension drugs. They were subsequently observed for 5—10 days following com-pletion of their treatment. AP was measured before and after the compression. Mean diastolic pressure before treatment was 168 ±4.1 mmHg, diastolic pressure was 97 ±3.9 mmHg. Following the application of the compression procedure, the systolic pressure decreased at average of 7.2% and the diastolic pressure decreased 5.4%, making up 150/89 mmHg. Data obtained show the possibility for obtaining an immediate hypotensive effect, both in case of permanent hypertension and for hypertensive crisis. Further studies of the compression therapeutic effects, both as a possible alternative use of drugs and as an independent treatment of hypertension may be con-sidered as a promising therapeutic modality At the Tachikawa, large-scale disaster-response base, the disaster-related facilities of all relevant ministries and agencies have been stationed in a functional manner. In the event of a disaster, the base will act as a center for leading countermeasure activities, while the National Hospital Tokyo Disaster Medical Center will take charge of disaster-related medical care. and an alarm that can be one of varying degrees to match the severity of the event. Innsbruck University Hospital now can cope with the victims of a disaster up to the level of a third-degree alarm. For disasters of a more serious nature, the Civil Defense and Disaster Action Committee of the Tyrolean State Government takes over. This precautionary hospital plan covers rerouting of vehicles on the hospital grounds for order-ly patient delivery, secondary triage, infrastructure for victims waiting for and undergoing treatment, recall of off-duty personnel, reassignment of space, ensuring availability of operating rooms, making information known to relatives and the public, and the organization of a central bed referral unit. ductive and epidural blockage in Emergency and Disaster Medicine. In these cases, regional anesthesia is preferable, since its use is associated with minimal nega-tive effects on the patient's body and lower both early and late mortality, and it can be used to provide long-term analgesia. We have created a modification of epidural anesthesia by using the development of resistance to local anesthet-ics. This method is based on introducing an anesthetic solution into epidural space while gradually increasing the volume and concentration of the solution used. This methods allows us to use a more effective, minimal doses of anesthetic for creation of a threshold block. Thus, it is possible to reach a sufficient quality of anesthesia with minimal hemodynamic shifts. In this case, the blockade increases slowly, with attainment a complete anesthesia by using a minimal amount of anesthetic, yet the organ-ism has time for gradual adaptation to vegetative dener-vation and for the start of compensational mechanisms. This method has been used routinely in our department, and we have been happy with the results. This type of emergency anesthesia produces perfect analgesia and reduces the depression of cardiovascular system associated with symphathetic denervation. failure on outcome of patients with postpartum eclamptic coma who urgently need IU. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 89 postpartum patients with EC (age: 17-38 years: gestation term: 27-40 weeks). Basic intensive care measures including the administration of mechan-ical ventilation, magnesium, thiopental, human albu-min, and drugs to lower blood pressure, were not changed during the use of IU. Isolated hemoperfusion procedures were started 6-32 hours post partum (27 pts.) or after urgent section caesarea (62 pts.). Total IU volume: 3 ±0.4 L. We analyzed the dysfunction of organs (encephalo-pathy, respiratory failure, renal failure, hepatic failure, circulatory failure) on the basis of rather rough manifes-tations before starting therapy with IU and dependence of outcomes on the time between childbirth and begin-ning of IU. Results: 20 patients had an isolated brain oedema (95% survived), 36 patients had additional organ failures (91.7% survived), and 33 patients with three or more auxiliary organ system failures (84.8% survived). Specifically, the type of organ failure influenced the chance of survival: 1) respiratory failure, 88%; 2) hepatic failure, 70.5%; 3) renal failure, 70.8%; and 4) circulatory failure, 36.3%. Of the 62 patients undergoing IU after first 6-12 hours post-partum, 59 survived, and 21 of 27 patients undergoing IU after more than 12 hours post partum survived. Conclusion: In patients with postpartum eclamptic coma and three or more additional organ failures, the sur-vival rate was reduced significantly. Circulatory failure influenced the outcome of these patients more than did respiratory failure and hepato-renal failure. IU application within first 6-12 hours after delivery increases sur-vival chances in cases of eclamptic coma.


Air band modes of three-dimensional photonic crystals (3DPCs) have a higher photonic density of states, potentially enabling greater emission enhancement. However, it is challenging to introduce emitters into the "air" region without significantly disturbing the photonic band structure of the PC. Here, we overcome this difficulty by introducing a low refractive index aerogel matrix containing CdSe quantum dots (625 nm peak emission) into a titanium dioxide logpile PC. We observe that the aerogel infiltration indeed preserves the bandstructure. We measure an emission suppression of ∼0.25 times inside and an enhancement of approximately three times outside the bandgap with only one vertical unit cell.


This study suggests an improvement to the empirical model proposed by Peng (1986, Can. J. Chem. Eng. 64, 827–830) to calculate critical temperatures and critical pressures in natural gas mixtures. It aims to extend its application to natural gas mixtures containing hydrocarbons compounds up to undecane (nC11). This work focuses on establishing new matrices of coefficients Aij by obtaining new binary interactions between heavy compounds and the rest of compounds present in natural gas mixtures. The analysis considered more than 300 natural gas mixtures. Different comparisons were made between calculated critical properties, and referenced critical properties. Mean absolute errors <1.00% for the critical temperatures, and <2.70% for critical pressures were obtained. These low average deviations demonstrate the accuracy of this study, and could be considered as an easy-to-use engineering tool for estimating critical properties in natural gas mixtures, applicable to lean gas, rich gas, gas condensate, and Natural Gas Liquids (NGL).


The goal of our research is to develop a new object-oriented approach of image analysis for extraction of urban objects from very high spatial resolution images. The proposed approach is constituted of two stages: a passage of pixels to primitive objects and a passage of primitives to final objects. The first stage leaves from pixels to create primitives of objects by using a new multispectral non parametric segmentation approach. For the second stage, it is based on a fuzzy rule base and a spatial analysis. The proposed approach was applied on an Ikonos image of Sherbrooke (Canada). A confrontation with the ground truth gave a rate of 85% of good detection. These results are encouraging because the new approach does not requires any prior information or training data.


The semi-preparative biosynthesis of photochrome trans-membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin (output 810 mg), labeled with deuterium on functionally important amino acid residues  [2,3,4,5,6- 2 H5]phenylalanine, [3,5- 2 H2]tyrosine, and [2,4,5,6,7- 2 H5]tryptophan was carried out with using a photo-organotrophic halobacterium Halobacterium halobium. The protein was isolated from purple membranes by cellular autolysis by distilled water, processing of bacterial biomass by ultrasound at 22 KHz, alcohol extraction of low and high-weight molecular impurities, cellular RNA, carotenoids and lipids, with the subsequent solubilization of final product with 0,5 % (w/v) SDS-Na and fractionation by methanol. The homogenity of the synthesized bacteriorhodopsin and the selectivity of deuterium incorporation into the molecule was proved by combination of preparative and analytical protein methods including elecrtophoresis in 12,5 % (w/v) PAAG with 0,1 % (w/v) SDS-Na, gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-200, reversephase HPLC and electron impact mass-spectrometry of methyl esters of N-Dns-[ 2 H]derivatives of


: This study aims to analyze the intention of travelers to revisit Bali cultured hotels. Several previous studies have shown that the intention of traveler behavior to stay at hotels is influenced by room rate, service quality, friend/family influence, and promotion. This research applied a survey method. The research sample consisted of 161 travelers who had stayed at Bali cultured hotels. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with Smart Partial Least Square (PLS) software was selected as the technique of analysis. This study confirmed that three proposed hypotheses were supported. The affective attribute and sensory attribute variables significantly influence travelers satisfaction, and the satisfaction variable significantly influences the intention of the travelers to revisit Bali cultured hotels. Meanwhile, the cognitive attribute variable doesn't affect travelers' satisfaction.


This research titled Tourism Village Development in Badung Regency (Case Study in Baha Tourism Village). The purpose of this research is to find out of the tourism development in Baha Village since this village is disignated as tourism village in Badung. The data are collected by observation, indeepth interview and literatur study. The obtained data were analyzed in qualitative data analysis. The results of this study after being analyzed using tourism area life cycle theory that the development of Baha Tourism Village is in involvement phase where the people who have taken initiative to providing the tourist atraction service and the tourism fasilities in Baha tourism village. Beside of that in it cooperation between the people and goverment is try to make the promotion tools like website. This aims is to facilitate the tourists to get information about tourist village of Baha. From this development has also spawned the tourism organizations with the name of "Kelompok sadar Wisata" or commonly abbreviated to be "POKDARWIS"


VeteransAdministrationHospital,Sepulveda,California91343(H.P.K.,D.W.G.j;andMedicineBranch,NIH.Bethesda,Maryland20014(M.E.L.]cells are ASD-chboroacetate estenase positive, and the lineretains the same karyotypic abnormality that was present in thefresh leukemia cells of the patient. The HL-60 cell line wasderived from a patient with promyebocyticleukemia. These cellsare predominantly at the pnomyebocytestage of developmentand stain positive for peroxidase and ASD-chboroacetate esterase. The cells retain the karyotype of the fresh beukemiccells and are abbeto produce tumors in nude mice. The KG-iand HL-60 cells form myeboidcolonies in soft-gel culture andare not infected with Epstein-Barr virus.The cell lines were maintained in T-flasks (Lux ScientificCorp.) with a medium(Flow Laboratories), 2O%fetal calf serum(Grand Island Biological Co.), and penicillin and streptomycin(Grand Island Biological Co.). The cloning studies were performed with cells in the logarithmic phase of growth (2 to 4days after reseeding in fresh media). Five thousand KG-i cellsand 2000 HL-60 cells were plated in 0.3% agan-containingCSA3as previously described (20). The CSA source was conditioned media from a line of T-Iymphocytes established froma patient with hairy-cell leukemia (15). The same lot of fetalcalf serum and conditioned medium was used for all expeniments. The KG-i cells have a marked response to CSA. In thepresence of optimal CSA concentrations, the cloning efficiencywas 3%, representing a 32-fold increase in colony numberover plates not containing CSA. The HL-60 cells had a cloningefficiency of 7.2% in cultures without CSA, and there was a2.2-fold increase in colony number when optimal concentrations of CSA were added. The CSA dose-response curves forboth KG-i and HL-60 cells consistently showed maximal cobony formation with 5% conditioned medium in the plate. Asuboptimal CSA concentration (i %) was used for the steroidstudies.Dexamethasone and other steroids were added directly tothe culture dishes. Four to 5 replicate culture plates wereincubated in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2in air for i 4days. Colonies with a minimum of 50 cells were enumeratedwith an inverted microscope. The steroids, dexamethasone,progesterone, i i -deoxycortisone, i 7$-estradiob, testosteronepropionate, fluoxymesterone (fluoxy i i $, 17f1-dihydroxy-9a-fbuoro-i 7a-methyb-4-androstane-3-one), 5-a-dihydrotestostenone, 5-fl-dihydrotestosterone, androsterone, and etiochobanolone (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.) were dissolved inethanol and diluted to appropriate concentrations with tissueculture medium. Control cultures contained equivalent concentrations of ethanol. Each drug was tested in 3 or more expeniments.Studies of [3H]dexamethasone binding, competition studies,and Scatchard analysis were performed with whole cells aspreviously described (29, 34). The binding studies were done


Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major public health problem throughout the world. Adverse outcomes of chronic kidney disease can be prevented through early detection and treatment. Workers with a history of exposure to paints, glues, degreasing solvents, and cleaning solvents must be evaluated for renal impairment. Objective: To detect the prevalence of renal impairment among workers exposed to organic solvents as nephrotoxic substance. Subjects and Methods: This is a analytical case control study conducted on all workers (n=181) of a paint manufacturing factory exposed to organic solvents during their work and 186 control individual never exposed occupationally to organic solvents and engaged in administrative tasks outside the factory. we evaluated their renal function using both routine renal function tests namely; serum urea, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate in addition to urinary biomarkers; N acetyl-B-D glucosaminidase. Result: The results of the study revealed statistically significant difference between the Urinary-N-Acetyl glucosaminidase activity (NAG index); (P-value<0.001) of the workers that exposed to organic solvents and their matched controls. The proportion of exposed workers that have abnormal NAG activity (53.6%) is higher than that in their matched controls (29.6%) and represent about two fold increase in the activity with high statistically significant difference (p-value<0.0001). Conclusion: It appears that at least one of every two workers exposed to organic solvents in this factory has early renal impairment which couldn't be detected by the routine renal function tests.


This paper considers issues of modeling ultra-high frequency MEMS resonators based on acoustic Lamb waves. In addition, the analysis of factors that determine whether it is possible to increase resonators working frequency and quality factor is carried out. Influence of resonator excitation scheme and acoustic waveguide thickness for a range of piezoelectric materials (i.e. AlN, ZnO, GaN) on phase velocity for acoustic Lamb wave zero modes is investigated. As a result, we've got estimations determining dependence of resonators electromechanical coupling coefficient on their geometry.


In weight percent on the oxide-based The glass ceramic is produced by a floating (floating) method, and transparent, it is suitable as a substrate for use in display applications, such as thin film semiconductor, in particular a solar cell.


There is a major medical need for developing novel and effective approaches for repairing non‐union and critical‐sized bone defects. Although the mechanisms remain to be determined, it is known that inflammation plays a crucial role in initiating bone repair and regeneration. This study investigated the effect of short‐term (3 days) preconditioning with tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) on proliferation, mobilization, and differentiation of adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). We demonstrated that TNF‐α pre‐conditioning increased proliferation, mobilization, and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs and up‐regulated bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) protein level. BMP‐2 silencing by siRNA partially inhibited osteogenic differentiation of ASCs induced by TNF‐α; BMP‐2 pre‐conditioning also significantly increased osteogenic differentiation of ASCs but the effects were significantly smaller than those observed for TNF‐α preconditioning. Furthermore, TNF‐α treatment promoted extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinases(Erk)1/2 and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, but only Erk1/2 inhibition reduced the BMP‐2 levels and osteogenic differentiation induced by TNF‐α preconditioning. Together, these results support the hypothesis that inflammation contributes to bone regeneration by promoting proliferation, mobilization, and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs; 3 days of TNF‐α preconditioning, mimicking the short boost of inflammation normally occurring after bone injury, might serve as a feasible approach for directing stem cells into osteogenic differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 9999: XX–XX, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1737–1744, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


A producing method for low salinity air-dry Wuchang fish belongs to aquatic processing technique field, special relates to curing arts with low salinity and air dry for freshwater fish. The problems to be going to solve are curing with low salinity, drying in cool wind, packaging in vacuum, sterilizing at high temperature, preparing flavoring and juice for curing. The key of the technique scheme is that selecting fresh Wuchang fish to preprocessing, curing used flavoring for 3~5 hours at the condition of 10~15 deg.C; pressing and fermenting for 48 hours; cleaning the fish body with water of salt 2% and trickling; drying in cool wind at speed more than 5m/s for 24~30 hours at the temperature of 10~20 deg.C, which makes the water contained 35~40%; finally cooling on back pressure and getting the product. As curing with low temperature, low salinity and wet way, and the drying arts with low temperature and great wind, the quantity of salt contained can be controlled easily, meantime the technique can prevent oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid under high temperature and has low cost. The product is one kind of green food with traditional flavor and benefit to health.


Abstract This article provides a critique of the postmodernist notion that there has been of recent years a dissolution of the divide between aesthetics and practical activities, between Art and Life. It does so by considering the game of soccer from a phenomenological viewpoint, which shows that the game possesses intrinsically 'aesthetic' qualities. The conditions of possibility of such qualities are understood by introducing the idea of the 'proto‐aesthetics' of soccer and other mundane phenomena. By considering the proto‐aesthetics of the quotidian we argue that recent changes in the nature of practical life should not be regarded as due to 'aestheticisation' but rather as springing from processes of commodification.