This study involved exploring the mathematics stories of two first-generation fluent English proficient (FEP) seventh grade Latina students. The mathematics stories of a caregiver for each student and their mathematics teacher were also explored. A primary goal for this project was to understand the factors that attributed to the formation of the young girls' mathematical identities and how these identities informed their decisions to engage with mathematical activity through narrative inquiry. The results from the study showed that the mathematical identities students created were influenced by the messages they perceived were narrated by their primary caregivers and their mathematics teacher. Students used these relationships as a way to read their mathematics classrooms and make decisions regarding their level of engagement with mathematical activity. RUNNING HEADER: NARRATIVELY-CONSTRUCTED MATHEMATICAL IDENTITIES 3 Introduction Students' mathematics scores on standardized assessments are often used in placement decisions which determine both students' access to advanced coursework in mathematics, as well as their admission to colleges and universities, and ultimately career selections. Yet, Latin@ (see note at end of section) students continue to underperform on these achievement measures, and are therefore underrepresented in advanced mathematics courses and degree programs as well as mathematics related careers when compared to their White and Asian peers in the United States (NCES, 2008, NAEP, 2011). Thus, attention to students' mathematical identities is important work as the identities that students create within their mathematics classrooms have the potential to illuminate how students make sense of their mathematical experiences and then make choices about how to act in relation to them. This study involved exploring the mathematics stories of two, first-generation adolescent fluent English proficient (FEP) Latina students who attended an urban middle school in the southwestern United States. In this study, the mathematics stories of one primary caregiver for each student as well as that of their mathematics teacher were also explored. The goal for this study was to understand the factors that attributed to the formation of the young girls' mathematical identities and how these identities informed their decisions to engage with or disengage from mathematical activity. At the same time, this study sought to illuminate how middle school FEP Latina students constructed their mathematical identities and the nonmathematical influences such as relationships at home and in school that informed these identities. From this perspective, students are engaged in interpretive work with respect to these relationships, and this work is critical for making connections to mathematical contexts and constructing meaning. Furthermore, although studies that connect identity and mathematics RUNNING HEADER: NARRATIVELY-CONSTRUCTED MATHEMATICAL IDENTITIES 4 learning are increasing), there are few studies that examine students' construction of their mathematical identities through narrative inquiry and, in particular, middle school FEP Latina students' mathematical identities. By expanding mathematics scholarship to include students' mathematical identities, researchers are able to consider the extent to which students, as members of particular groups, have come to develop a relationship with and come to value mathematics. Researchers are also able to consider how mechanisms and relationships outside of the mathematics classroom contribute to students' mathematical identities. Additionally, Latin@ students, in general, tend to have poor attendance records, low test scores, high drop-out rates, and small numbers of these students attending college. Research has long indicated that Latin@ students often encounter unpleasant and ill-equipped learning environments coupled with insufficient instructional materials and ineffective teachers (Anyon, 1997; Conchas, 2001; Orfield, 1998; Trueba, 1998). These are all testaments to schools' failure to meet their needs. I argue that by examining through narrative identity inquiry how Latina students construct their mathematical identities, wider understanding of how to support this particular growing student population with higher levels of mathematics achievement can be realized even though they may be faced with challenging learning environments. A Note I use the term Latin@ to remain consistent with the new terminology recently used in the research literature and to be more inclusive of gender diversity among Latinas/os. Narrative Identity & Mathematical Identity Studies This study is framed by prior research in the area of narrative identity inquiry and mathematics learning (Black, Williams, Hernandez-Martinez, Davis, Pampaka, & Wake, 2010; Sfard & Prusak, 2005). Narrative identity inquiry focuses on questions of how individuals seek to RUNNING HEADER: NARRATIVELY-CONSTRUCTED MATHEMATICAL IDENTITIES 5 make meaning of their lives, both how they understand themselves as unique individuals and as social beings who are multiply defined by gender, ethnicity, class, and culture. At the core of these efforts regarding self-understanding is the role of the narrative. To understand the identity formation process is to understand how individuals craft narratives from experiences, tell these stories internally and to others, and ultimately apply these stories to their knowledge of self, others and the world in general. The aim of narrative as a research tool is to build understanding of why humans conduct themselves (Bruner, 1994). As a result, narrative identity inquiry allows for a more cogent understanding of how middle school FEP Latina students' form their mathematical identities. Bruner's work emphasized the significance of narrative both in constructing how we come to understand ourselves in relationship to the world and in regards to the realities we operate in. Bruner's (1994) ways of thinking and knowing serves as an important starting point for the use of narrative as a research tool. According to Bruner, people manage and organize their knowledge of the world in two distinct ways: logical-scientific and narrative modes of thought. The first seems applicable for thinking about physical objects while the second seems appropriate for thinking about people and how they make sense of their lives. Gee (1999) also argued that narratives are important sense-making mechanisms that utilize cultural models and situated meanings in order to construct socially situated identities. Thus, using a narrative identity framework that draws attention to the identities that students create within their mathematics classrooms has the potential to illuminate how students make sense of their mathematical experiences and then make choices about how to act in relation to them. RUNNING HEADER: NARRATIVELY-CONSTRUCTED MATHEMATICAL IDENTITIES 6 Research in mathematics education has begun to use identity as a research construct in an effort to better understand the relationship between students' decisions to engage with mathematical activity and the construction of students' mathematical identities (Bishop, 2012; Black, et al., 2010; Boaler & Greeno, 2000; Cobb, Gresalfi, Hodge, 2009; de Abreu, 1995; Gutstein, 2002a, 2002b; Martin, 2000; Nasir, 2002, Sfard & Prusak, 2005; Turner, Dominguez, Maldonado & Epson, 2013; Wood, 2013). The identities that students bring into the classroom intersect with those available while engaged in mathematics and the mathematical identities that students construct are affected by the ways they interpret current situations through the lenses of previous experiences and identities. Thus, the responsibility for interpreting the relevance of a given task, assigning meaning to a particular practice or deciding how to engage lies with both the students in addition to the teacher and the curriculum. Sfard and Prusak (2005) defined identity as a collection of narratives that are discursive. They contended that one's identity is the actual narrative itself as it is through discourse that an individual's identity is shaped, negotiated and people position themselves and are positioned by others. From this perspective, learning goes beyond simply constructing new and flexible understanding. It entails becoming a different person with respect to the practices and modes of interaction dictated by an individual's learning environment. Thus, the ways students talk and interact with each other can significantly influence who they are, and the potential they have to become with respect to mathematics. Boaler & Greeno (2000) examined through interviews the compatibility between students' mathematical identities and classroom mathematics practices in an effort to better understand how the alignment between the identities available to students in their secondary mathematics classrooms and their personal identities supported their participation and learning. RUNNING HEADER: NARRATIVELY-CONSTRUCTED MATHEMATICAL IDENTITIES 7 They found that the students in both the United States and the United Kingdom classrooms where the teachers encouraged individual work that these students unanimously described mathematics as a procedural, rule-bound subject that was absolute and concrete with only one right answer. As a result, the students wanted to be successful at mathematics but they did not want to be successful mathematicians. This study supports my assumption that in-school experiences are important because they shape how students think about themselves as mathematics learners. Martin's (2000) ethnographic study argued that factors such as socio-historical, socioeconomic, community, and family coupled with elements such as school, classroom, curriculum and peer groups must be studied in context in order to fully understand mathematics learning for African-American youth and how they construct their mathematic


The Society for Information Display honored six companies at Display Week 2012: Tactus Technology for best prototype in the new Innovation Zone and Dimenco, Fraunhofer COMEDD, LG Display Ocular, and Samsung Display Company as Best‐in‐Show winners from the exhibit floor.


Allogeneic bursal fragments or bursal cells (B 14 or B 19), grafted on the chorioallantois, induce splenomegaly in the recipient embryo (B 14 or B 19). This splenomegaly compares to that instigated by spleen cells. Syngeneic bursal grafts do not result in spleen enlargement. The reaction is thus caused by the MHC difference of the two lines used. We conclude that B cells may have a role in initiating the GVH-R.


Substance bans, recycling quotas, green products are some topics which affect the supply chain of the electronics industry currently. Keys for compliance are material declarations. This paper gives an overview on harmonization and standardization efforts world wide. The International Material Data System IMDS is relevant for the automotive sector, but is also a benchmark for the whole electronics industry. EIA, EICTA, and JGPSSI jointly elaborate a materials declaration guideline. In parallel national industry associations develop declaration schemes, such as the Umbrella Specifications in Germany. Standardization activities comprise e.g. the German DIN 19220. Even more, some OEM developed own requirements for material declarations. The philosophy behind all these activities is explained, as well as contradictions. The range of declarations spans from 100% declarations to simple lead free markings. But even lead free marking is not that simple: different logos and approaches for lead free are under development to guarantee compliance with the European RoHS legislation. Material declarations are useful to fulfill customer requirements and to prove legal compliance, but could also be used for "eco-design". Material content of an electronic product is just one aspect for eco-design, but an important one. The paper describes how the different approaches for material declarations can support an eco-design policy and where they might hinder eco-design. Within the technical product design process early consideration of component compositions can add a new ecological perspective to the traditional design process, preparing for coming EU legislation on eco-design. An outlook is given of how to integrate environment-related material aspects within the design process.


Based on the shortcomings of hot air with the material contact area was small and other problems in the current advection combination heating vegetables dehydrator, has carried on the improvement of cross-flow supply the wind technology. The technology of air-supply and air-induced at single side was adopted, facilitated the general layout of the equipment, the technology of air-supply at two ends and variable cross-section, enhanced the longitudinal and crosswise uniformity of air-supply, the common punching plate structure of conveying chain plate was adopted, which has met the request of two-sided transportation at the cross-flow supply the wind. Based on this, has carried on the dehydrated drying experiment for cabbage and carrot, it was indicated that comparing with single far infrared radiation heating, saving energy consumption 17.9% and 14.2% respectively when the cross-flow combination heating was adopted. This article has laid a good foundation for this equipment's further study and industrial production.


The objective of NASA's Microgravity Research Program is to utilize the low gravity environment of space to explore the nature of physical phenomena that contributes to progress in science and technology on Earth. Under the oversight of NASA Headquarters, the Microgravity Research Program Office (MRPO) at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) assumes all program management responsibilities associated with Microgravity Research and Space Product Development. One program management responsibility that plays a vital role to the success of the MRPO is the flight manifesting process for MRPO-sponsored payloads. In this paper, the authors will examine the various processes utilized by MRPO personnel in acquiring flight opportunities for MRPO-sponsored payloads.


PurposeThe purpose is to detect the nonlinearity wholesale rice price formation process in Italy in the 1995–2017 period.Design/methodology/approachA nonlinear smooth transition autoregressive (STAR)-type dynamics model is used.FindingsWholesale rice prices are significantly affected by variations in the international price of rice as well as variations in Arborio price.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations include policy recommendations for the production and commercialization of rice in Italy.Practical implicationsUnderstanding rice pricing dynamics and nonlinearity behavior is pivotal for the survival of the entire European and Italian rice supply chain.Originality/valueIn the extant literature, no evidence exists on non-linearity of rice prices in Italy.


Abstract The "Snow White" hygrometer is a low-cost, chilled-mirror hygrometer for radiosonde applications provided by a Swiss company, Meteolabor AG. A total of 54 Snow White soundings were conducted at five tropical stations in different seasons in 2000–01. All soundings were made with Vaisala RS80 radiosondes equipped either with the A-Humicap (22 soundings) or H-Humicap (32) relative humidity (RH) sensor. Comparisons of the RH with respect to liquid water between the Snow White and the different RS80 Humicap sensors are made. The Snow White measurements show reasonable agreement with the H-Humicap measurements from the surface up to ∼12 km (above −50°C air temperature), the region where the H-Humicap sensor can be considered reliable. Above 12 km, the H-Humicap sensor tends to miss small vertical-scale structures in RH due to the time lag error, but on average both instruments show no significant difference up to 14 km (−65°C). The comparison between the Snow White and A-Humicap sensors shows the known...


Fifteen of 47 radio-tagged northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) died during a 2-year study in northern California, and 11 of 33 radio-tagged California spotted owls (S. o. occidentalis) died in 2.5 years in the Sierra Nevada. Female owls with 19-g radio tags had significantly lower annual survival rates than color-banded females (P=0.006) after a forest fire in 1987 in the Klamath Mountains. There were no differences in annual survival rates between males with and without radio tags. In 1988, fewer radio-tagged pairs (17%) fledged young than color-banded pairs (88%) (P<0.001), and in 1989 radio-tagged pairs nested (7%) less ofthen than color-banded owls (64%) (P=0.0002). We suggest that spotted owl researchers avoid using backpack-mounted radio tags


This paper summarizes the basal principle and factual applications of Yeast two-hybrid system,and the new development of this technology,same time,make a prospect of it.


The capacitive drop sensor is a special capacitive sensor,which is made up of drop head and loop electrode,the variety of drop volume is inverted to the capacitive value,then test the drop volume indirectly.Introduced the theory of capactive drop sensor,got the variety of drop volume relative to the dripping process of the liquid drop and use the image processing to compute the drop volume,then get the drop volume curve based on frequency.


Background Extrahepatic body fat could be a relevant factor affecting liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of body fatty tissue in liver regeneration capacity after liver resection in a cohort of living donors. Methods We observed liver regeneration in 120 patients: 70 living donors who underwent right hepatectomy and 50 recipients who got a right graft transplantation. Liver volumetry and body fat analysis were performed based on the computed tomography images with volumetry software. The gain of liver volume was calculated between three points in time considering the absolute and percentage values: before surgery and early (median 10 days, range 4–21 days) and late (median 27 weeks, range 18–40 weeks) after surgery. Pearson's correlation was used to examine the potential correlation between adipose tissue and liver regeneration. Results Pearson's correlation showed a significant correlation between the subcutaneous fat mass index (sFMI) and early (r=0.173, P=0.030), as well late (r=0.395, P=0.0004) percental liver volume gain in the whole collective. Under stratification in donor's and recipient's collectives, the effect of extrahepatic adipose tissue appears in multiple regression only in the donor's collective: early (β =0.219, T =2.137, P=0.036) and late (β =0.390, T =2.552, P=0.015) percental volume gain. Conclusions Subcutaneous adipose tissue is a positive predictive factor to estimate the goodness of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in normosthenic donors.


Objective To evaluate the immunochromatography and antigen assay for rapid detection of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water.Methods 100 cooling water samplers were detected by culture and immunochromatographic assay to identify Legionella pneumophila(Lp1) and the other 100 samplers were detected by culture and antigen assay to identify Legionella pneumophila(Lp1).Results The sensitivity and specificity of immunochromatographic assay was 83.1% and 34.3%,and for the antigen assay they were 62.5% and 47.7%.Conclusion Immunochromatography and antigen assay can be considered as the rapid methods for the detection of Lp1 in cooling water.


AbstractThere has been a great and growing need in India for the establishment or improvement of a Cadastral System as a prerequisite for accelerated development. The measures, if any, that have been taken so far to fill this need are inadequate or have failed, mainly because of lack of insight into the complexity of the problem; frequently ad-hoc systems are being established to fulfil an urgent and for local need without any thought being given to future integration into a final national system, thus contributing to the often existing confusion, and to a waste of energy and money. The paper describes cadastral surveying practice in India from the earliest times to the present; analyses its slow growth and stagnation; recommends the use of multipurpose cadastre which would integrate title, engineering and other detailed surveys and, finally, warns that no gains are likely to be registered unless the Indian Universities and the Polytechnics are encouraged to set up survey degree and diploma courses respec...


A study was carried out to test sex ratio of the progeny that were induced by the artificial fertilization between normal female and gynogenetic diploid eggs and sex-reversed gynogenetic diploid male sperm. Sex reversed gynogenetic diploid males were produced successfully in gynogenetic diploid female by immersion treatment with -methyltestosterone at the concentration of 10 pub from mm to mm in total length. In progeny test, matings between normal females and sex-reversed gynogenetic males were not produced all female, but matings between gynogenetic diploid females and sex-reversed gynogenetic males were produced all female populations in six out of eight groups and two lots produced and female. These data showed that all-female populations were produced by crossing between gynogenetic diploid female and sex reversed gynogenetic diploid male.


Lead propensity prediction is a data-driven method used to define the value of prospects, by assigning points to them based on their engagement with the business's digital channels, based on multiple key attributes correlating to their attraction to the proposed services or items. The resulting score is closely related to the financial worth of each lead and may be revealing its position in the buying cycle. The marketing teams can then focus on generated leads and prioritize the most prominent ones to improve the conversion rates, using the assigned score on the lead scoring step. The authors investigated using a combination of a data-driven approach and Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for the lead-scoring process. The experimentation shows that the random forest (RF) is the most suitable model for this task with an accuracy score of 93.04% followed by the decision tree (DT) model of 91.47%. In contrast, when considering the training time, DT and logistic regression (LR) needed a shorter time to learn from the dataset while maintaining decent performances. In contrast, these models represent promising alternatives to the RF model especially in the case of a huge volume of transactions and prospects or in a big data context.


Abstract The full nine-dimensional vibrational problem of the H+5 complex is investigated: (i) using a model Hamiltonian which is based on the approximation that apart from the energy barrier for the internal propeller-like rotation motion all the other barriers on the potential energy hypersurface of the complex are assumed to be infinitely high, and (ii) applying an adiabatic approximation by which the nine-dimensional vibrational model Hamiltonian Schrodinger equation can be separated into three smaller subsystems. The relevant sections of the potential energy surface which are needed to describe all the vibrational modes and the major couplings between them are determined by ab initio calculations at the configuration interaction level of theory, and an analytic potential energy function is obtained by fitting to the ab initio data. The calculated energies of the low-lying bound and quasi-bound vibrational levels of the H+5 and D+5 ions allow a complete assignment of all the vibrational bands which have been observed in the photodissociation spectra of H+5 and provide dissociation energies D0 for the H+5 and D+5 ions which are in good agreement with the most recent experimental data.


Priocnemella Banks is a small Neotropical genus within Ageniellini with remarkable morphological variation between species. Some species are small and variable in colour, whereas others are large with black integument and yellow wings. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of Priocnemella based on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I and the nuclear marker long‐wavelength rhodopsin. Our results indicated that Priocnemella is a paraphyletic genus. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, we discuss the taxonomic validity of Priocnemella, its implications and a new circumscription of genera of Ageniellini. Eragenia Banks is revalidated (stat. rev.) and applied to 16 species, eight of which are newly described: Eragenia bella Waichert & Pitts sp.n., E. carinata Waichert & Pitts sp.n., E. dentata Waichert & Pitts sp.n., E. oliva Waichert & Pitts sp.n., E. pseudomicans Waichert & Pitts sp.n., E. setosa Waichert & Pitts sp.n., E. rotunda Waichert & Pitts sp.n., E. villosa Waichert & Pitts sp.n., E. abdominalis (Smith), E. amabilis (Taschenberg), E. aureicornis (Smith), E. coerulipes (Smith), E. congrua (Fox), E. isolata (Banks), E. micans (Fabricius), and E. tabascoensis (Cameron). Priocnemella fairchildi (Banks), P. insignis (Banks), P. eurytheme Banks, P. hexagona (Fox) and P. hexagona omissa Banks maintain their generic status. Phanochilus Banks is considered a junior synonym of Priocnemella and the following species are newly placed within Priocnemella: P. fuscomarginata (Fox), P. gloriosa (Smith), P. nobilitata (Smith) and P. ornata (Banks). The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Priocnemella rufothorax (Banks) is synonymized under Eragenia micans (Fabricius) (syn. n.); Priocnemella delila (Banks), Priocnemella bequaerti (Banks) and Priocnemella infelix (Banks) are junior synonyms of Eragenia aureicornis (Smith) (syn.n.) (comb.n). New combinations are proposed for Eragenia aureicornis (Smith) comb.n., Eragenia abdominalis (Smith) comb.n. and Eragenia coerulipes (Smith) comb.n. from Agenia; and Eragenia congrua (Fox) comb.n. from Salius. A neotype is designated for E. coerulipes and for E. tabascoensis. Divergence dates between species of Eragenia, ancestral areas and pattern of dispersal that shaped the current geographic distribution are discussed. The genus is about 9.8 Ma old, originating in Mesoamerica during the Miocene. Finally, newly described male genitalic characters are discussed and illustrated, and illustrated keys for males and females species of Eragenia are provided.


A topological index is a numerical parameter mathematically derived from the graph structure. In this paper, we introduce the modified multiplicative first and second neighborhood indices, multiplicative F-neighborhood index, general multiplicative neighborhood index, multiplicative inverse sum indeg neighborhood index, multiplicative harmonic neighborhood index and multiplicative symmetric division neighborhood index, first and second multiplicative Gourava neighborhood indices of a graph. We compute these newly defined multiplicative neighborhood indices for nanocones and dendrimers.


The super green architecture is a new high-rise building,its "super" is manifested mainly in the saving of energy,as well as its superior design of humanity.Although it is impossible at this stage because of many factors for leading to widespread promotion.However,we can draw a lot of useful experience that can be applied into the practice from it.


: Corona Virus Disease 2019 has promoted the development of the local living services and community-consumption market with community e-commerce emerging at this time. Xingsheng Youxuan is a leading community e-commerce platform, headquartered in Changsha, Hunan Province. The platform is mainly positioned to address the daily needs of household consumers.It relies on the community's physical convenience stores, providing users with a "pre-sale +pick-up" model. As of September 2020, there has been 300,000 stores of Xingsheng Youxuan in the country,with its GMV reaching 40 billion yuan in 2020. As one of the first community e-commerce enterprises, Xingsheng Youxuan had already established a firm foothold in the market. However, with the recognition of the market, many first-tier Internet companies entered the market one after another in the second half of 2020. Internet giants such as Ali, Tencent, Meituan, Jingdong, Byte Jump and Drip competed to join the community e-commerce track. The entry of technology giants posed a huge threat to Xingsheng Youxuan. Therefore, this paper analyzes the current operation situation of Xingsheng Youxuan, points out the problems in its operation, gives improvement suggestions to enhance its operation effectiveness, and helps the company enhance its competitiveness.


Venous leg ulcers are a multifaceted, a serious problem of modern medicine. The healing process takes from several months to a few or even several years. Treatment half of all ulcers takes an average of nine months in 20% of cases, two years in 8% of patients with more than fi ve years, and more than 70% of the cases it is possible recurrence of the disease. In view of the patients developed it is a modern concept of treating wounds, which are an indispensable element of the specialist dressings for optimal wound healing. Promote and accelerate the healing process, which have an impact on the improvement of the general condition of the patient, mental state, and as a result, quality of life. The aim of this study was to discuss the importance of specialist dressings in the treatment of leg vein ulcers using the TIME strategy. Key word: venous leg ulcers, special dressings, strategy TIME


ABSTRACT This paper proposes a novel GARCH-MIDAS-SK (G-M-SK) model that improves the basic GARCH-MIDAS (G-M) model by incorporating time-varying skewness and kurtosis. We employ our model with data concerning macroeconomic fundamentals to investigate in-sample fit and out-of-sample prediction of volatility in crude oil prices. Empirical results suggest that G-M-SK models produce the better in-sample fit than basic G-M models do. This result is also robust for the subsample of the oil market. It is equally noteworthy that modelling low-frequency macroeconomic variables better reveals the long-term volatility from time-varying skewness and kurtosis. More importantly, G-M-SK model significantly and robustly improves accuracy in predicting oil volatility. In particular, we find that data regarding macroeconomic fundamentals contribute more to forecasting volatility in oil prices than their variance does. Finally, our G-M-SK model more precisely calculates the utility incident to minimizing risk and allocating portfolios. Its results are consistent with out-of-sample forecasting results. These results are beneficial to the decision-making of the crude oil investors and policymakers alike.


This paper presents a novel architecture for a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack, which is based on the concept that every cell in the stack works at the same condition and thus each cell has the same contribution to the overall output voltage and power. To meet this proposed requirement, special flow distributors were used to evenly distribute fuel and airflow to every fuel cell in the stack. Details of the flow distributor and experimental tests of a four-cell fuel cell stack are presented in the paper. The experimental results demonstrated the desired high performance of the fuel cell stack. It is proved that the novel architecture for fuel cell stack is successful and of significance to the development of high performance fuel cell stacks.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


This paper empirically investigates cotton area casualty between sesamum for Andhra Pradesh by using the annually time series data during the period 1995–2012. Research variables are sesamum area, farm harvest price of cotton, farm harvest price of sesamum. Long-run and short-run elasticities of variables were examined using the bounds testing cointegration. The autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) demonstrates that there is a long-term relationship between the variables like cotton area and sesamum area. CUSUM and CUSUMSQ stability tests on hypothesized cotton area function were also implemented.


Inoculation cutaneous tuberculosis after tattooing is quite rare. It has been reported after BCG vaccination also. A large collection of tattoo inoculation leprosy patients and one of tattoo lupus vulgaris have been reported by the author. The local customs and rituals result in several tribal women opting for this cheap tattoo ornament. It is likely that the shared tattoo equipment, saliva or the topical preparations like soil, cowdung, etc., applied after the procedure might harbour Mycobacteria, resulting in cutaneous tuberculosis. Although history, clinical features, histology, culture and Mantoux test help in the diagnosis, it is preferable to do PCR assay whenever possible. Leprosy and cutaneous sarcoidosis should be ruled out in such cases. The chances of transmission of infectious diseases through tattooing may be reduced with strict aseptic precautions, which are difficult to practice in poor countries. The resurgence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the last two decades after the AIDS pandemic, the prevalent unhygienic conditions in many developing nations, the allure of body piercing, tattooing and injectable drug use might lead to an increase in the atypical cases of skin tuberculosis, transmitted through atypical means.


SiP modules have been widely used in consumer electronic products. Many different functions are integrated in a SiP module, and these functions generate electromagnetic coupling interference between one another at different frequencies. In order to maintain high performance in all functions in a SiP module, it is necessary to prevent coupling electromagnetic interference (EMI) between adjacent electronic components. This paper presents a new spray coating technology for compartment shielding for SiP application. The first section of this paper introduces the process flow of spray coating for compartment shielding. Unlike traditional coating process, spray coating is more effective with higher performance. The second section of the paper is S.E. measurement results. A substrate pattern similar to a SiP system with a package size of 25.8 × 26.2 × 1.1 mm is designed. S.E. value is measured through VNA with a special socket we designed, and the impact of process variations is discussed. Finally, conclusions are given.


Abstract: In this article, we concentrate on identifying all the non-zero, infinitely many integral solutions to the ternary cubic equation


Pakistan is one of the most affected countries vulnerable to climate change. Additionally, being a predominantly agricultural economy, farming community is more at risk and climate change is predicted to decrease crop yields in Pakistan as a result of higher temperature, variability in rainfall and floods. Understanding the perception and adoption strategies to climate is important to preparing farming community for climate change impact. The present study was aimed to explore determinants of adaptation strategies to climate change by farmers. The data were collected through interview schedule. Logit regression model was used to explore the factors influencing the decision of farmer adaptation strategies to climate change. The study explored that education, farming experience, annual farm income, access to television, access to extension services, access to climate change information and membership in community based organization are main factors influencing the decision of farmers to climate change adoption. The study recommends that Government must ensure extension service, climate information and credit schemes to farmers to alter the production strategies in response to climate change.


With analysis of the deficiency of traditional book management infoumation,the paper puts forward how to use intelligent Agent technology to redesign and improve the traditional system,so as to improue its individual service.


The power-saving mechanism based on ALR which is suitable for 10G EPON is presented,and its design idea in 10G EPON system is elaborated.The power-saving mechanism reduces the power consumption of ONU by employing the single threshold control policy based on bandwidth and two-way control frame message exchanging mechanism.This power-saving mechanism is validated by the simulation results.


The purpose ofthis study was to inveSdgate the relationships between physica1 fitness , life style , and he 訓山 一 status us g c π) ss s tiona 璽 da 電 a in adolescent male students . A total of 581 males aged l5to 20 yea 聡 were selec 宜 ed as subjects for thls study , The physique testS ( 6 items ) and new physical fitness tests developed by the Ministry of Educatioq Cult 田 e , SpOnS Science , and T 010gy ofJapan ( 9 i 釦 ems ) we 剛 sed . To assess life style and health − s 伽 s , a queSdonnaire consisting of 75 items was construCted . P 血 】 cipal compOnent analysis was applied to the partial coTreladon ma 【 rix , negleOdng the age − effeCt , consiSting of9 physical fitness variables . C er ' s association coe 缶 cient and theory ofq 呶 ification 1 were used tO examine the relationship berween life style , hea1 山 一 status and physical 行 tness . Cramer ' s association coeMcientS were sighficant fcr 12 variab 】es of exercise habi ち 8variables of mea } habi ち 2variables of other } ifb style , and 4 variables of hea1 { h − status . The multiple Oorre 量 aion


The Knee Complex Considered as Perceptual Systems Wangdo Kim Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia – UTEC, Lima 15063, Perú Corresponding Author: Wangdo Kim, Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia – UTEC, Lima 15063, Perú Received date: 17 June 2021; Accepted date: 24 June 2021; Published date: 30 June 2021 Citation: Kim W. The Knee Complex Considered as Perceptual Systems. J Med Case Rep Case Series 2(6): https://doi.org/10.38207/jmcrcs20210074 Copyright: © 2021 Wangdo Kim. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


The aim of this paper is to investigate an economic impact of the technological accident happened in 2009 on Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station on Khakassia, the region where this dam is located. In order to conduct it, the synthetic control method, first introduced by Abadie and Gadeazabal (2003), was applied. The disaster on Sayano-Shushenskaya dam is the most significant disaster that happened recently on hydroelectric station in Russia and caused deaths of the workers, economic and energetic losses, and ecological consequences. However, in this research, it was discovered that this catastrophe had a positive non-significant influence on Gross Regional Product (GRP) per capita of Khakassia. Such economic effect could be explained by a specific of this technological disaster, an inflow of investments and a good coordination of emergency operations.


Six radio occultation experiments were conducted with the Galileo orbiter in 1997, yielding detailed measurements of the distribution and motion of plasma surrounding Io. This distribution has two components. One is highly asymmetric, consisting of a wake or tail that appears only on the downstream side and extends to distances as large as 10 Io radii. The other resembles a bound ionosphere and is present within a few hundred kilometers of Io's surface throughout the upstream and downstream hemispheres. Motion of plasma within the wake was measured through cross correlation of data acquired simultaneously at two widely separated terrestrial antennas. Plasma near Io's equatorial plane is moving away from Io in the downstream direction. Its speed increases from 30 km s−1 at a distance of 3 Io radii from the center of Io to 57 km s−1 at 7 Io radii. The latter corresponds to corotation with Jupiter's magnetic field, which suggests that bulk plasma motion rather than wave motion is being observed. Results for the bound ionosphere include vertical profiles of electron density at 10 locations near Io's terminator. The ionosphere is substantial, with the peak density exceeding 50,000 cm−3 at 9 out of 10 locations and reaching a maximum of 277,000 cm−3. The peak density varies systematically with Io longitude, with maxima near the center of the hemispheres facing toward (0°W) and away from (180°W) Jupiter and minima near the center of the downstream (90°W) and upstream (270°W) hemispheres. This pattern may be related to the Alfvenic current system induced by Io's motion through magnetospheric plasma. The vertical extent of the bound ionosphere increases from ∼200 km near the center of the upstream hemisphere to ∼400 km near the boundary between the leading and trailing hemispheres. There is a close resemblance between one ionospheric profile and a Chapman layer, and the topside scale height implies a plasma temperature of 202±14 K if Na+ is the principal ion. Two intense volcanic hot spots, Kanehekili and 9606A, may be influencing the atmospheric structure at this location.


Motived to find the optimal subsidy strategies in the used apparel recycling supply chains}, we established a benchmark recycling model including a brand retailer and a remanufacturer, and we extended the benchmark model based on different subsidy scenarios: (a) the government subsidizes the remanufacturer, (b) the government subsidizes the retailer's remanufacturing part, (c) the government subsidizes all recycled apparel from the retailer. The constructed models showed some interesting results. (1) Both the strategies (a) \& (b) drove the same recycling efforts. The remanufacturer maybe mistakenly believe its profits could increase with the lower procurement price in scenario (b). However, the profits were the same in both scenarios. (2) The strong consumer sensitivity to recycling efforts not only increased the retailer's profits but also dropped the remanufacturer's profits. Therefore, the strong consumer sensitivity is not good for all players. (3) The donation ratio should be within a reasonable range. Otherwise, the remanufacturer's profit decreases, and even the remanufacturer withdraws from the supply chain. (4) The optimal subsidy strategy for the supply chain members is that the government subsidizes all recycled from the retailer. Based on our findings, some management insights and suggestions are presented.


In order to get the protease and mogroside, we extracted the Siraitia grosvenorii juice by adopting the composite ceramic membrane and multifunctional organic membrane. The results showed that: The recovery of enzyme activity of trapped fluid which was separated by organic membrane was 40.86% of the Siraitia grosvenorii juice, had refined 2.41 times, the rate of crude enzyme was 4.60%. But the content of mogroside in penetrative fluid was 0.85% of fresh Siraitia grosvenorii fruit. The proteinase activity of sample had no difference, which was obtained by freeze-drying or by the spray drying. But the spray drying had practical value more than freeze-drying. The reason is that freeze-drying wastes more money in equipment and time.


Biometric authentication is an effective method for automatically recognizing a person's identity. In our previous paper, we have considered palm print for human authentication. Recently, it has been found that the Finger Knuckle Print (FKP), which refers to the inherent skin patterns of the outer surface around the phalangeal joint of one's finger, has high capability to discriminate different individuals, making it an emerging biometric identifier. In this paper, the local convex direction map of the FKP image is extracted. Then, the local features of the enhanced FKP are extracted using the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) and frequency feature. SIFT are formed by means of local patterns around key-points from scale space decomposed image. Feature vectors through SURF are formed by means of local patterns around key-points which are detected using scaled up filter. The frequency range of pixel levels in each image is employed by using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). For the authentication of FKP image, we used shortest distance between the query image and the database, to evaluate their similarity. Here, we use PolyU FKP database images to examine the performance of the proposed system. The proposed biometric system is implemented in MATLAB and compared with the previous palm print human authentication system. For the same person, the matching score of the two methods are fused for the multimodal biometric recognition. The experimental results demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of this new biometric characteristic.


This paper discusses the problem of resources-limited information processing. After a review of relevant approaches in several elds, a new approach, controlled concurrency, is described and analyzed. This method is proposed for adaptive systems working under insu cient knowledge and resources. According to this method, a problemsolving activity consists of a sequence of steps which behaves like an anytime algorithm | it is interruptible, and the quality of the result is improved incrementally. The system carries out many such activities in parallel, distributes its resources among the them in a time-sharing manner, and dynamically adjusts the distribution according to the feedback of each step. The step sequence for a given problem is formed at run time, according to the system's knowledge structure, which is also dynamically formed and adjusted. Finally, this approach is compared with other approaches, and several of its properties and implications are discussed. In a computer system, all problem-solving activities cost computational resources, mainly processor time and memory space. Because these two types of resource can often be substituted by each other, this paper focuses on the management of the time resource. The paper begins by a review of the di erent assumptions about time resource made in various elds for di erent purposes. Then, a new situation, problem-solving under insufcient resources, is de ned and discussed. A resource-management mechanism, controlled concurrency, is proposed for this situation. After its basic components are introduced, the properties and implications of the mechanism are discussed and compared with those of other approaches.


Different levels of conceptual similarity in equivalent visual structures may determine the way meaning is attributed to images. The degree to which two depicted objects are of the same kind limits interpretive possibilities. In the current research, visual hyponyms (objects of the same kind) were contrasted with visual metaphors and unrelated object pairs. Hyponyms are conceptually more similar than metaphor's source and target, or two unrelated objects. Metaphorically related objects share a ground for comparison that lacks between unrelated objects. We expected viewers to interpret hyponyms more quickly than metaphors or unrelated objects. For liking, there were competing predictions: hyponyms are appreciated more because they are easier, or metaphors are liked more because successful cognitive effort is rewarded. In the first experiment viewers were asked to identify relationships in 27 object pairs. Hyponyms were identified faster than metaphors and metaphors faster than unrelated objects. In the second experiment, with the same materials, viewers were asked to rate appreciation for each object pair. This reduced viewing times substantially. Appreciation was higher for hyponyms than for visual metaphors. In a third experiment with the same materials, exposure duration was varied. Hyponyms were preferred to metaphors and unrelated objects irrespective of exposure duration.


Video compression is the art of reducing the size of video without losing important visual details and can be performed either in a lossless or lossy fashion. In order to increase the compression performance, another method called ROI (Region of Interest) based compression algorithms also exist. In this method, the ROI region is compressed using a lossless algorithm, while the non-ROI region is compressed using a lossy algorithm. In this paper, two compression algorithms that are tuned to improve the performance of the lossy and lossless compression is proposed. A lossy algorithm that combines Discrete Wavelet Packet Transformation (DWPT), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and enhanced Run Length Encoding (RLE) is proposed to compress the background and non-ROI regions. An enhanced Binary Wavelet Transformation (BWT) is proposed to perform the lossless compression on the ROI region. The enhancement operations include method to make BWT work with color video frames, reduce the searching time, reduce the time complexity and improve the compression ratio. Experimental results prove that the methods proposed are effective in compressing a video while maintaining maximum visual quality


In this paper , we introduced a new subclass  which consists of analytic and valent functions with negative coefficients in the unit disk defined by integral operator . We obtain coefficient estimates and some results including applications of Fourier series .


This article analyses the role of 'race' in Antjie Krog's non-fiction trilogy Country of My Skull (1998), A Change of Tongue (2003) and Begging to Be Black (2009). It explores her explicit use of terms such as 'heart of whiteness' and 'heart of blackness'. Claims that Krog essentialises Africa and 'black' people are investigated. The article also addresses accusations of racism in Krog's work. A partial answer to the persistent question of why Krog is so determinedly focused on 'race' is sought in the concept of complicity. There is definite specificity in the way Krog writes about 'white' perpetrators and 'black' victims in South Africa, but her trilogy should be read within the broader context of international restitution discourses, allowing for a somewhat different perspective on her contribution to the discussion of the issue of whether 'white' people belong in (South) Africa.


The development and use of a novel design of apparatus for the evaluation of pressure-density-temperature relationships for molten polymers are presented in this paper. The experimental method allows the determination of the pressure-density-temperature characteristics at high pressure (up to 1000 Bar) and temperature (up to 250°C) as appropriate. The data generated are compared with direct measurements made on an injection moulding machine. Three-dimensional relationship plots between pressure, density and temperature of the molten polyethylene can be constructed.


Selectins mediate rolling and tethering of leukocytes on the vessel wall by rapid formation and dissociatio of selectin-ligand bonds during inflammatory response. All the selectins, L-, E-, and P-


- Insecurity been a major challenge that the entire world are battling with, each with different security issues/problems. Crime rate in our society these days is becoming frightening as vehicles are been used for committing crime and research shows that perpetrator of this acts make use of stolen vehicles snatched at gun points which is causing damages to live and properties. The Nigerian vehicle inspection system adopted a manual method that involves the use of screening papers for prove of ownership which is prone to error and very easy to manipulate. There are various methods of scheming the inspectors since lots of manipulation can be done on paper. This study seek to designed a GSM-based vehicle security information management system that will sending a short message to a particular designated shortcode, which in turns bring back all necessary information needed by the vehicle inspection team to verify the authenticity of the vehicle ownership. The system is designed using PHP and MYSQL server which is used in storing data being captured, PHP is an easy to learn language, open sour ce, has large base of users and developers (community), it has larger database support and also has multiple platform support. If the system is implemented with the right technology it deserves, the rate at which vehicles will be stolen at gun-points or crime rate will be reduced if not totally eradicated and also shows that GSM is viable as a platform for managing the process of inspection of vehicles.


Pairwise alignment of DNA sequencing data is a ubiquitous task in bioinformatics and typically represents a heavy computational burden. A standard approach to speed up this task is to compute "sketches" of the DNA reads (typically via hashing-based techniques) that allow the efficient computation of pairwise alignment scores. We propose a rate-distortion framework to study the problem of computing sketches that achieve the optimal tradeoff between sketch size and alignment estimation distortion. We consider the simple setting of i.i.d. error-free sources of length $n$ and introduce a new sketching algorithm called "locational hashing." While standard approaches in the literature based on min-hashes require $B=(1/D)\cdot O(\log n)$ bits to achieve a distortion $D$, our proposed approach only requires $B=\log^{2}(1/D)\cdot O(1)$ bits. This can lead to significant computational savings in pairwise alignment estimation.


The form of a thesaurus often restricts its use to word look ups and finding related words. We present Imagisaurus, an online interactive visualizer for the Roget's Thesaurus, which not only provides a way for word lookups but also helps users quickly grasp the nature and size of the thesaurus taxonomy. Imagisaurus connects thesaurus entries with a large valence and emotion association lexicon. Easy-to- use sliders give the user fine control over depicting only those categories with the desired strength of association with positive or negative sentiment, as well as eight basic emotions. A second interactive visualization is used to explore the emotion lexicon. Both the Roget's Thesaurus and the emotion lexicon have tens of thousands of entries. Our visualizers help users better understand these lexical resources in terms of their make up as a whole.


This paper provides the first detailed analysis of a multi-group SIR epidemic model with age structure, which is given by a nonlinear system of $3n$ partial differential equations.
The basic reproduction number $\mathcal{R}_0$ is obtained as the spectral radius of the next generation operator, and it is shown that if $\mathcal{R}_0 1$, then an endemic equilibrium exists. The global asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium is also shown under additional assumptions such that the transmission coefficient is independent from the age of infective individuals and the mortality and removal rates are constant.
To our knowledge, this is the first paper which applies the method of Lyapunov functional and graph theory to a multi-dimensional PDE system.


SUMMARY Exact non-central c.d.f.'s of four criteria in the two-roots case are derived for tests of the hypothesis E ,= E2 against one-sided alternatives, where E, and E2 are covariance matrices of two normal populations. The tests are based on Roy's largest root, and on LawleyHotelling's, Pillai's and Wilks's criteria. Powers of the last three criteria have been tabulated extensively, and power comparisons have been made between the three, and also with the largest root, whose powers have been tabulated elsewhere. In addition, powers of the largest root for large deviations are also given for the canonical correlation and multivariate analysis of variance cases, providing power comparisons with the other three criteria.


Review of Alice Chauvel, Nicolle Lamerichs, and Jessica Seymour, editors. Fan Studies: Researching Popular Audiences. Freeland, Oxfordshire, UK: Inter-Disciplinary Press, £7.95 ISBN 978-1-84888-279-9.


Summary This study examined the influence of marriage type and role specialization upon understanding in Japanese couples. Two marriage types were investigated: Arranged (couples were wed as a result of prior arrangement) and Love-Match (couples were wed because of romantic attraction). On the basis of socialization theory and empirical evidence, we argued that understanding along the interpersonal dimension of affiliation corresponds roughly to expressive role skills associated with the husband and that understanding along the interpersonal dimension of control corresponds roughly to instrumental role skills associated with the wife. We hypothesized that (a) understanding would be greater among Love-Match than Arranged couples; (b) understanding among husbands would excel that of wives along the dimension of control and that understanding among wives would excel that of husbands along the dimension of affiliation; and (c) differences in understanding would be more pronounced when both the direction and m...


After summarizing the development tendency of large-scale grinding mill,the paper introduced the manufacture scheme of two half shells of mill,and carried out the process control of the two half shells.Through the study of the key technical points,a set of mature manufacture technology for shell of large-scale grinding mill was developed.


According to crop water demand,the implementation of timely and appropriate automatic irrigation is an important method to improve agricultural water use efficiency and increase crop yields.In order to solve the problem of timely and appropriate irrigation,a fuzzy controlled solar automatic irrigation system for tea trees was designed.By detecting actual soil temperature and moisture of the tea tree garden,and comparing with the optimal humidity of the growth of tea trees,taking the deviation and its change rate as the inputs,according to the fuzzy control rules established in the actual process of agricultural irrigation,automatic water-saving irrigation for the tea tree garden was achieved.Finally,simulation results in Matlab show that the system time constant is 1.5 seconds.The system is stable,and the response time meets the actual irrigation requirements.


Abstract During the last decades, there has been a growing interest and research activity in the use of activated carbon (AC) and related materials as electrodes in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, like fuel cells, supercapacitors, and lithium-ion batteries. Among other factors, electrical properties, and especially conductivity, are well-known to play a pivotal role on the performance of ACs in these devices. Furthermore, other novel applications of AC-based materials, such as in electroadsorption, electrocatalysis, sensors and actuators, and so on, also rely heavily on their unique electrical properties. Therefore, the knowledge, understanding, and rationalization of these properties are essential with a view to assessing many of the current and future technological applications of ACs. The present paper critically reviews the available literature, including the latest published reports, on the electrical conductivity of AC. The accurate measurement of this property for ACs is rather difficult and requires the application of low to moderate compression to ensure the electrical contact. Estimated conductivity values are the result of a complex combination between a number of factors, among which the intrinsic conductivity of the single particles, their degree of contact and packing should be highlighted. Intrinsic conductivity is mainly determined by the texture, surface chemistry, and graphitization degree of AC, which strongly depend on the feedstock and the preparation method. Thus, the influence of these factors on the electrical conductivity of the resulting ACs is examined. Moreover, the influence of different adsorbed chemical species, mainly oxygen and water, is also dealt with. On the other hand, special emphasis is paid to the temperature dependence of conductivity, as its analysis is a powerful tool to gain insight into the electronic band structure and electron conduction process in carbon materials. In this regard, the different proposed mechanisms for electrical conduction in AC are exposed and compared.


The article will show how the OTC market works in Peru and how the participants works closely in order to increase the volume.


This paper presents a two-phase method to solve a routing and scheduling problem that arises in public works. In this problem, the quantity of demands generally exceeds the capacity of a truck. As a result, demands have to be split into full truckloads, taking into account the various capacities in the heterogeneous fleet of vehicles that perform the transportation. Full truckload routes have to be designed and scheduled according to construction or loading constraints on pickup and delivery sites. In the first phase, we propose a linear program to split demands into full truckload requests. The second phase is a heuristic that solves a heterogeneous full truckload pickup and delivery problem with time windows and resource synchronization. The method is evaluated on instances from a real case study.


Transit Oriented Development (TOD) implementation in urban development is globally adopted by many countries in the world in a rapid manner. However, the city and regional acute problems is still propagating. An in-depth study to examine this problem is required. Thus, this paper review various study related to the integration of land use and transport with TOD. The subject of the paper will be described as follow: Method, criteria and indicators of TOD'S research, Reviewing the strategic plan and the public transport plan in the worldwide, and Cross-continent comparison of integration planning. In conclusion, practice and integration of TOD through land use and transportation is an alternative solution in acquiring the objective of the master plan and to solve urban issues such as urban congestion, reduce travel time, and car dependency.


Biodiesel is a renewable fuel which can be described chemically as a mixture of different alkyl esters. To predict its different thermophysical properties, critical properties (Pc, Tc, Vc) must be known or estimated. In this work, the use of group contribution and group interaction methods is compared regarding its goodness in the prediction of a widely measured property such as biodiesel density, as there is a lack of data of normal boiling point or densities of pure alkyl esters. The results show that a group interaction method, with the available data of 20 different biodiesels published, can predict better biodiesel density when methanol was used for the transesterification reaction. Data available for biodiesel produced with ethanol are scarcer; only six sets of biodiesel composition and density could be found, and in this case, both group interaction and group contribution methods predict density with a similar error, although more data are needed.


The interaction of parametric and self-oscillations in the presence of a delay in damping and a source of energy of limited power is considered. For the analysis, a widespread model of a mechanical frictional self-oscillating system was used. The solution of nonlinear differential equations describing the dynamics of the system is carried out using the method of direct linearization of nonlinearity, which has a number of advantages over the known methods of nonlinear mechanics (labor and time costs are reduced by several orders of magnitude; it is possible to obtain final design relations regardless of the specific type and degree of nonlinearity; there are no time-consuming and complex approximations of various orders inherent in known methods). Equations of non-stationary and stationary motions are obtained and conditions for stability of stationary oscillations are de-rived. Calculations were carried out to obtain information on the effect of the delay in damping on the dynamics of oscillations. It is established that, depending on the magnitude of the delay, the amplitude-frequency curves change their appearance, shift up/down.


The present invention relates to a system having a prosthesis shaft within the inner cylinder (30), the receiving means of the inner tube can be used with other prosthetic components in the prosthesis outer cylinder (40) constructed and arranged for conducting at least one of the inner cylinder opening EMG electrodes (2) on (30), wherein the electrode (2) holder (1) in a fixed sealingly closing the opening.


A 55-year-old woman was admitted to the Verona University Hospital with jaundice. US and CT scans revealed an enlarged biliary tree but no evident mass. A duodenoscopy was performed and multiple biops


The PIVOTAL trial—the largest renal clinical trial ever undertaken in the UK—has now reached its target of 2080 patients across 50 renal units nationwide. In this month's column, Angela Lumsdon shares the insights and opinions of three of the renal research nurses involved in the trial, including what it is like taking part in such an enormous project.


Sedimentary environment and distribution of brachiopods during the Changhsingian in Xingwen, Si- chuan Province of the upper Yangtze region, are statistically analyzed. Changing regularity in diversity of brachiopod is synthetically investigated based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of transgres- sion-regression cycles. The results show that the diversity of brachiopods in this region in the trans- gression (aggradation) sequence is higher than that in the regression (progradation) sequence. The brachiopods in this area began to diversify in the early Changhsingian. And the species diversity had four peak stages which are respectively in the middle Early Changhsingian, late Early Changhsingian, early Late Changhsingian and late Late Changhsingian. The species diversity reached its highest in the late Late Changhsingian but this is followed by a sharp decrease at the end-hanghsingian, indicating the mass extinction of most brachiopod species which were prosperous in the Late Paleozoic.


One of the most interesting and poorly understood aspects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is why children have significantly milder disease than adults. This is in contrast to other respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza, in which children often exhibit much more severe disease than do adults (1). One initial hypothesis was that children have less expression of ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; receptor required for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] viral entry) and TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease serine 2) (host protease that cleaves spike protein facilitating viral entry) on nasal epithelial cells, limiting tissue infection. However, multiple molecular studies have demonstrated that children and adults have similar epithelial cell expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 (2, 3), and epidemiologic studies have shown that children harbor live, replicating viruses at similar rates as adults (4–7). Another early hypothesis proposed that children might have a more robust early antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 compared with adults, potentially due to higher exposure to other human coronaviruses (i.e., "cross-reactive" antibodies) (1). This in turn would lead to earlier and more efficient clearance of the virus in children versus adults. Yet serum-neutralizing antibody titers to SARS-CoV-2 and measures of anti–spike protein antibody titers to other human coronaviruses do not appear to be different in children compared with adults (8). One of the current proposed models of how children and adults respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection differently is that children have a more aggressive early innate immune response contributing to viral control, which may ultimately lessen the subsequent adaptive systemic immune response (2, 3, 8). In this issue of the Journal, Koch and colleagues (pp. 206–222) present findings that suggest the type I and II IFN response in the nasal mucosa of children and adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 are similar but that TCR signaling, T-cell activation, and neutrophil chemotaxis may be exaggerated in infected adults versus children (9). The authors performed a cross-sectional analysis of bulk–RNAsequencing (RNA-seq) signatures from nasal mucosal curettage from children (n=36) and adults (n=16) infected with SARS-CoV-2. The median age of children sampled was 1.9 years, and samples were all collected after hospital admission (most within 5 days of admission). Only two of the adults (median age of 32 yr) required hospital admission. Both groups had a low proportion of subjects supported on supplemental oxygen. For comparison, the authors also analyzed bulk–RNA-seq signatures from children with RSV (n=24) and influenza (n=9). The clinical characteristics of these children were dramatically different from the SARS-CoV-2 cohort (all patients with RSV and influenza were admitted to the ICU and supported on at least high-flow nasal cannula) and were thus used primarily as a positive control for immune-mediated viral responses. Importantly, the authors first validated prior findings (2, 3) that children and adults do not have differential expression of ACE2 or TMPRSS2 in a mixed population of nasal mucosa epithelial and immune cells, irrespective of infection. They next focused on type I and II IFN gene set signatures given the key role IFN signaling plays in the human response to viral infections. They did not observe any differences in type I or II IFN expression signatures between children and adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 (or with clinical outcomes), although IFN signatures were highly correlated with SARS-CoV-2 viral reads in both children and adults. Finally, they applied gene ontology and gene set enrichment analysis to 737 differentially expressed genes between children and adults infected with SARSCoV-2. A novel aspect of the study involved direct comparisons between adults and children with asymptomatic or mild disease with similarly detectable viral loads. Genes involved in TCR signaling and T-cell activation were enriched in adults compared with children. Similarly, genes involved in neutrophil migration such as IL-8 were enriched in adults whereas other immunemediators, like IL-18, were enriched in children. This is in contrast to other studies suggesting brisk early innate immune responses in children compared with adults (2, 8) andmay partially be explained by a focus in this study on patients with more mild disease. One of the main strengths of this study is the extensive clinical phenotyping of the enrolled subjects. A major limitation of translational SARS-CoV-2 studies is a lack of clarity on when patients are sampled during their course of illness and a lack of reporting on key clinical factors that likely confound associations between molecular/cellular measurements and outcomes. Most of the children in this study were sampled around 10 days after symptom onset and had low severity of illness. The main limitation of this study is that it is difficult to draw conclusions on the basis of null findings (no differences in ACE2, TMPRSS2, and IFN response between children and adults). However, other studies analyzing cohorts of similar size have also found no differences in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression between children and adults, supporting the validity of this finding. What are the broader implications of the findings reported by Koch and colleagues to COVID-19? First, upper airway expression of the viral entry factorsACE2 andTMPRSS2 are likely not different between children and adults, irrespective of infection. Second, the finding that a broad T-cell activation gene set is upregulated in adults comparedwith children provides an important complement to the recent flow cytometry findings of Pierce and colleagues (8) showing adults have higher CD4 intracellular staining for IFN-g and other activationmarkers after stimulationwith SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Finally, more work needs to be done to reconcile our understanding of whether age plays a key role in IFNpathway activation inCOVID-19.


The search of active, stable and low costs catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for the extensive use of fuel cells and metal–air batteries. The development of metal-free catalysts, instead of platinum-based materials, can dramatically reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of these devices. In this work, carbon nanohorns (CNHs) have been covalently functionalized with N-containing heterocycles by the Tour reaction protocol and tested as metal-free ORR catalysts. The insertion of N-functionalities favored the complete reduction of oxygen to hydroxyl ions, while their absence favored the production of hydrogen peroxide. With the aim of determining the N-species responsible for the ORR activity of CNHs, photoemission and electrochemical measurements were combined. Results suggest that protonated N is the main species involved in the ORR process, facilitating the adsorption of oxygen, with their consequent reduction to neutral hydrogenated N species.


This paper includes a detailed description of the methods used to extract some bioactive compounds like Tannins and some dyes from pomegranate peel. Experiments were carried out also to select the appropriate organic solvent extraction. The utilization of petroleum ether gave good results in the extraction of xanthophylls and it did not give good results in the extraction of chlorophyll and other plastid pigments. We used ethyl ether after petroleum ether to extract simple phenolic compounds. They were separated in a thin- layer chromatography and characterized. Tannic acid is extracted in two different ways and quantified using the measurement of optical absorption method. The analysis indicates that the structure of one extract is compatible with the structure of standard tannic acid. In the last stage, tannins are extracted and identified using a quantitative measure of the spectrum.


The article deals with the relationship between the development of new appeared monastic terminology and the definition of the status of monasticism by the Church and the early Byzantine state. Or otherwise, it tries to tell when the process of institutionalization began, what vocabulary was used in this process, when the use of the "classical" monastic terminology in laws and canons began, how the emergence of new terminology and the development of status were distributed over time. The study is divided into two parts: monks and nuns. The time frame of the study is the fourth century and the first half of the fifth century. The geographical framework is the Late Roman Empire, mainly its Eastern half. The following conclusions have been drawn: the making of the status of male monasticism occurred a hundred years after its appearance, the laws almost immediately began to use the most common in the papyri and monastic literature term monachus, which gives evidence of the distinct definition of a new social group, but the establishment of the status of female monasticism was extremely slow, the laws and canons practically not using the new terms, which reflects the diversity of female asceticism even in the 5th century.


A three-course laboratory sequence in systems and control in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the Ohio State University is presented. Some specific experiments are outlined from two of the courses, which are intended for seniors and graduate students. Through these courses and associated lectures, students are exposed to many aspects of sensing, actuation, and the implementation issues of real control systems.<<ETX>>


The starting point of this essay is the following: if one accepts that memory is the space where knowledge of language (grammar) and the making of sense (discourse) converge —as it is where what we know and what we can think meet—, the relation between linguistics tradition (norm) and language-change (creativity) can be studied from the point of view of both imagination and the cultural tensions that surround the expression of meaning. Moreover, as the use of grammar rules depends on the categorization processes —which, in turn, cannot be separated from images because they are conceptual processes—, here I question the belief that memory is an archive. It is substituted by the figure that represents it as a scenic construction in which images are organized from multiple possibilities, in a way that their sense depends on the symbolic value they have on the framework of a form of life. From this idea, the Saussurian concept of language change is recovered in the light of a conception of memory as the place for the imaginary.


The invention relates to a method for producing medical capsule shells by using carrageenin. A film-forming raw material of the capsule shells includes k-carrageenin, an expanding agent, a plasticizer, water and an additive and is weighed according to the composition content, then all the solid components are put in a vessel and are evenly stirred and mixed, the liquid components include the plasticizer and the water and are put in the other vessel or directly put in a stirring device so as to be evenly stirred and mixed and synchronously heated to about 80 DEG C, then the evenly mixed solid components and the evenly mixed liquid components are added in a fully-automatic hollow capsule making machine and are heated and stirred until no particle exists, the heating temperature is preferably not higher than 96 DEG C, and then the evenly mixed solid components and the evenly mixed liquid components are processed into finished capsule shells through the fully-automatic hollow capsule making machine. Since the carrageenin is adopted as the base material for producing the capsule shells, the raw material is rich and the cost is lower; and since the carrageenin is not single and has the gel strength of the k-carrageenin and the elasticity of the i-carrageenin, the use consumption of other gelatas can be reduced and the product quality is ensured.


Renal glucosuria is defined as urinary glucose excretion in the presence of a normal blood glucose concentration and absence of general renal tubular dysfunction. It is caused by the mutations in the SLC5A2 gene, which encodes for SGLT2, one of the transporter proteins that provides secondary active transport during glucose reabsorption in proximal tubule. A 10 years old female patient, who was evaluated for glucosuria, had normal vital signs and physical examination. It has been determined that she had 21.2-32 g/day glucosuria. No proteinuria was detected. Tubular functions, creatinine clearence, serum levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, bicarbonate, electrolytes, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and OGTT, urinary amino acid chromatography were normal. In urinary sugar chromatography, secretion of sugars other than glucose was not detected. While fasting blood glucose values of her parents were normal, her father's urinary glucose level was 100 mg/dl. According to the examination results, the patient was diagnosed as "renal glucosuria" as there were no other possible causes such as a developmental delay, poliuria, polydipsia, or dehydration.


© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Genetics Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This is a correction to: James Matthew Ragle, Kayleigh N Morrison, An A Vo, Zoe E Johnson, Javier Hernandez Lopez, Andreas Rechtsteiner, Diane C Shakes, Jordan D Ward, NHR-23 and SPE-44 regulate distinct sets of genes during Caenorhabditis elegans spermatogenesis, G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics, Volume 12, Issue 11, November 2022, jkac256, https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkac256


No other medical problem in the last half-century—with the possible exception of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome—has stymied the understanding and treatment efforts of scientists and physicians as has the spectrum of diseases caused by amphibole and chrysotile filaments of the fibrous mineral asbestos. Seminal work by Wagner in South Africa pointed to the mineral as the cause of malignant pleural mesothelioma in 1960, although earlier workers in Britain and Germany had suggested this possibility. Implicated as a cocarcinogen with cigarette smoke in cases of bronchus carcinoma and a cause of pleural plaque formation and fibrosis, the apparently ubiquitous fibrous silicate has become a villain in settings as far apart as shipyards and classrooms. At hand is a sprightly new text on a grim range of diseases caused or abetted by asbestos fibers. About half of the multiauthor volume is devoted to epidemiology, minerology, pathology, and mechanisms of carcinogenesis. All these


. This paper analyses the structure of the Brazilian Labour Code (CLT), the changes introduced since its approval in 1943, emphasizing the new Federal Constitution of 1988, the costs of labour and of dismissals for employers, the structure of union organizations, the regulation of collective bargaining and capital labour conflicts, and the process of wages determination. We also analyze the evolution of strike activity, and the evolution of wage differentials and functional distribution of income between profits and wages in industry in the last 15 years.


We report an unusual case of nail infestation by Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel in a 70‐year‐old woman with onychomycosis. Liposcelis spp., also known as booklouse, are tiny insects that feed on fungi, lichen and decaying materials. In this case, the loosened hyperkeratotic nail provided a favourable environment for these insects. This is the second report of human infestation by Liposcelis spp.


The article considers the organizational aspects of leisure activities for children with special educational needs in extracurricular educational institutions during the independence of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of legal documents, review of scientific works of this period, practical experience of activities in the field of extracurricular education, a vision of the content, forms and types of work with the younger generation is formulated. The content of the organization of leisure activities is revealed through a set of principles and functions. The most important principles of organization are the principles of consistency; systematicity; voluntariness; differentiation; availability and quality of leisure services; compliance of leisure services with local conditions; interest; unity of reaction and cognition; common activities; individualization; interdisciplinarity; practicality; visualizations, etc. The main functions of the organization of leisure activities are recreational and entertainment; cognitive and developmental; socially adaptive; communicative; information and educational; game; educational; value-oriented; creative, etc. The characteristics of the organizational structure of management and state regulation of the system of extracurricular educational institutions at different levels of government and taking into account industry characteristics and types of institutions are given. Some extracurricular educational institutions include education, culture and art, physical education and sports, tourism and local lore, health and recreation. It is revealed that the interaction of institutions and establishments of different levels of management of extracurricular education, pupils, parents, pedagogical collectives, separate teachers-organizers is carried out on the basis of partnership. The draft Law of Ukraine on Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine of April 29, 2021, which proposes a corporate form of ownership, which provides for the conclusion of an agreement between several founders of different forms of ownership on the basis of public-private partnership. It was found that the corporate form of ownership will be able to increase funding for extracurricular educational institutions and improve their resources. It is concluded that the modern system of leisure work in extracurricular education includes extracurricular and extracurricular activities in educational institutions, palaces, centers, houses, libraries, stadiums, theaters, museums, which have permanent clubs, groups, sections, clubs, studios and others. creative associations.


After losing at the War, Japanese viewpoints on the establishment of Korean government was not simple, because Japan and Korea, two countries' current complex situations and the change of international relationships were involved. Until now, there is no research on this area. In this thesis, I would...


A proposed method of combating obesity in the United States is to hold food companies legally liable for obesity-related damages. Recent lawsuits against fast-food restaurants, such as Pelman v. McDonald's Corp., have tried to draw on the success of tobacco litigation by claiming that fast-food marketers provide misleading information about the nutritional value of their products, leading consumers to overconsume and, thus, become obese. The Pelman plaintiffs also allege that fast food is addictive and have asked to represent a class of children who have become obese as a result of McDonald's products. This article compares legal efforts against the aggressive marketing of fast food with those against the marketing of tobacco products and argues that, for several reasons, such legal efforts will face substantial hurdles. In particular, this article argues that to be successful, such lawsuits must show either that McDonald's acted deceptively or that it has a duty to warn consumers about the unhealthful nature of its products. In addition, they must show that they satisfy the requirements necessary to certify a class. Finally, they must gain public and legislative support for legal action. Without these lawsuits satisfying the necessary legal elements and gaining increased public support for legal action against the industry, it seems unlikely that the fast-food industry will be held responsible for obesity-related damages. Having concluded that the tobacco litigation experience does not offer a promising road map to combat obesity, the authors briefly consider the vulnerability of the food industry to alternative legal strategies and legislative actions.


Nose is one of the most important feature in the face.But it is often ignored because of the influence of illumination.This paper is on the assumption that the regoin of face and the position of eyes have been found.We can locate the position of nose,canny operator is chose to detect the edge information.The 3-order based spline curve is use to simulate the border of nose after positioning the character points.The experimental results prove the validity and accurately of this method.


Science student's book should be in accordance with 21st century learning with assessments that are relevant to the characteristics of the learning. Where in the 21st century learning that is demanded are critical thinking skills and problem solving, creative and innovative skills, communication skills and collaborative skills. Where the four skills will aim to develop the potential in developing character, talent, competency, interest and literacy. To make use of this science student's book, then need to be validated. The purpose of the validation is to know the validation science student's books with the theme of energy in life based integrated local materials using integrated models for 21st century learning to use Aiken's V with 5 validator is three experts and two practitioners composed. The questionnaire used the data of collection method. The result by 3 experts composed of content validation, construct validation, validation and then the graphical language with a valid validation category. While practitioners composed from same 2 with 3 experts composed is content validation, construct validation, validation and then the graphical language with a valid validation category. Conclusion, overall the science student's books with the theme of energy in life based integrated local materials using integrated models for 21st century learning Be avowed valid and it can to be use in school.


Section 19831 provides a federal remedy for certain violations of constitutionally protected rights. To state a cause of action under section 1983, a complaint must allege that a "person" deprived the complainant of a constitutionally protected right, and that that person acted "under color" of state law.2 Purely private wrongful conduct is not subject to action under section 1983, although that provision does apply to private action that is related to state action of some kind.3 In United States v. Price,4 the Supreme Court left no doubt about the liability under section 1983 of private persons who conspire with state officials to deprive another person of his constitutional rights. Writing for a unanimous Court, Mr. Justice Fortas stated that [p]rivate persons, jointly engaged with state officials in the prohibited action, are acting "under color" of law for purposes of the statute. To act "under color" of law does not require that the accused be an


This study analyzed the mediating effects of cognitive presence and teaching presence on the relationship between self-determined motivation and achievement in flipped learning environment. Flipped learning is a new way of teaching and learning which can facilitate learners`` active participation and collaborative meaning construction. In flipped learning environment, it is critical for learners to play an active role for their own learning process; to be specific, learners are required to watch a video lecture autonomously before class and actively participate in collaborative activities such as experiment, discussion, and problem solving in class. Therefore, learners`` motivational aspect is a key factor for the success of learning in flipped learning context. According to self-determination theory, self-determined motivation is a key factor to facilitate intrinsic motivation and promote self-determination in extrinsic motivation. Moreover, high level of self-determined motivation leads to successful learning. According to the aim of this study, research questions are as follows. 1.Does cognitive presence mediate between self-determined motivation (autonomy, competence, relatedness) and achievement in flipped learning? 2.Does teaching presence mediate between self-determined motivation (autonomy, competence, relatedness) and achievement, in flipped learning? Subjects of this study were eighty-five middle school students who took social studies flipped class in Gyeongbuk province. The instructor of this flipped classroom produced 10- minutes videos about basic concepts of social studies and uploaded at Naver caf?. Learners autonomously watched the videos and organized their own notes before participating the class. In the classroom, learners formed small groups and solved activity worksheets in a collaborative way. To organize and summarize what they learned, the instructor utilized various forms of activities and games such as golden bell quiz, a flipped marble game, and knowledge market. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to examine the mediating effects of cognitive and teaching presence. The results revealed that cognitive presence partially mediated the relationship between competence and achievement. Moreover, teaching presence had a complete mediating effect on the relationship between competence and achievement. The results of this study suggested implications for instructional design and strategies considering cognitive and teaching presence in flipped learning environment.


In the literature on coordination, it is widely assumed that two elements may be coordinated only if they are of the same syntactic category. This assumption is known as the Law of Coordination of Likes. In addition, a common assumption with respect to initial coordination, which is characterized by the presence of a pair of elements such as either-or, both-and and neither-nor, is the assumption that the first element of the pair marks the left edge of the coordinate structure. Schwarz r15">


Abstract : Acousto-optic techniques have been investigated for application to the Fourier-transform requirements of the Gemini surveillance concept. Acousto-optical computation of continuous and discrete Fourier transforms have been performed using a time-integrating architecture. Time-integration in conjunction with diode lasers and bulk optics can be used to produce inherently compact optical systems, and several compact processor concepts have been demonstrated. Performance parameters and tradeoffs have been analyzed for these processors, and present device limitations identified. 30 dB dynamic range has been demonstrated. Additional concepts for miniaturization, including application of integrated optics, are discussed. Multichannel operation will be required in Gemini, and the Fourier-transform devices developed here have been shown to be easily adaptable to multichannel operation. Two-channel operation has been demonstrated; several multichannel concepts have been evaluated, and one design is being implemented. (Author)


We address robust mechanism design for bilateral trade of an indivisible commodity, under incomplete information on traders' private reservation values. Under ex-post individual rationality and ex-post incentive compatibility, we define the notion of ex-post constrained-efficiency. It is weaker than interim constrained efficiency, and it is a notion of constrained optimality that is independent of the details of the distribution of types. When traders are risk neutral the class of ex-post constrained-efficient mechanisms is equivalent to probability distributions over posted prices. In general, among mechanisms satisfying incentive and participation constraints, a sufficient condition for constrained efficiency is simplicity: for each draw of types the outcome is a lottery between trade at one type-contingent price and no trade. For environments with constant relative risk aversion, we characterize simple mechanisms. Generically, simple mechanisms converge to full efficiency as agents' risk aversion goes to infinity. Under risk neutrality, ex-ante optimal mechanisms are deterministic, and under risk aversion, they are not. Our results are suitable for applications.


With the development of internet technology, the building of teaching team for distance educational courses encounters new demands and challenge. Teaching team building by internet is the critical guarantee for promotion of teaching quality of distance education, and it is the important project for exploring new working mechanism of distance education. In this article, we began with discussion of the necessity for building of teaching team for distance education, analysis of the possible questions on the building of teaching team for distance education, and exploration of the model for building a reasonable and effective teaching team for distance education, leading to promotion of the efficacy of teaching team for distance education. 1. The necessity of building teaching team for distance educational courses The necessity for courses revolution of teaching models: During the practical teaching, all the universities cannot form a unified consensus on chaotic arrangement and key points and difficulties in the course teaching in the class. In addition, with the quality enhancement of current students in universities, the needs of students have been dramatically changed. The transition from educational degree need to applied requirement may challenge the traditional teaching models. For serving students with better teaching, we will study on the building of teaching team for courses. The necessity for promoting the courses teaching quality: From our previous investigation, many universities have been found to possess the courses teaching platform, multiple columns in platform, and adequate resources projects. It has been demonstrated that the cross-duplication resources are found at the levels of nation, province, and specific teaching units [1]. In addition, with the long term practical teaching, there are unique teaching models in the individual teaching units, as indicated by different form of course teaching on the internet and different efficiency in teaching. It is necessary to orchestrate all the hardware and software in the educational system physically and virtually, enforce the building of course teaching team, and enhance the teaching quality of the whole university. The necessity of promoting teachers' development: There is an obvious character in the teaching team for distance education that the number of front-line teachers is too small, the teaching quality is too low, teachers individually take too many positions, and the teaching task is too heavy. Surprisingly, some teachers 3rd International Conference on Education, Culture and Social Development (ICECSD 2019) Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 344


Non-tunneled catheters are associated with many complications, including infections and thrombosis. Objective: To determine the frequency of catheter infections in patients of hemodialysis despite using antibiotic locks, in a Tertiary Care Hospital Karachi. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the department of nephrology, Liaquat national hospital and medical college, Karachi, Pakistan from 18th October 2020 to 18th April 2021. Patients of age 20 to 70 years of either gender on hemodialysis through double lumen catheter– non-cuffed for > 2 weeks were included in the study. Brief history was taken from all the patients. Gentamicin lock solutions were administered in all patients. Catheter tip was sent to institutional laboratory for culture and sensitivity to reach the outcome i-e catheter related infection. Results: The mean age was 58.97 + 14.82 years. The catheter related blood stream infection was in 21 patients (17.5%). The most common organism was coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (5.9%), followed by Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) (4.2%), respectively. There was insignificant association observed between catheter related blood stream infection and age groups, gender, comorbids, duration of catheter insertion and hemodialysis, site of catheter infection and reasons of hemodialysis (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Catheter-related infections in patients of hemodialysis despite using antibiotic locks is frequent but it has been observed that gram negative infections have responded well to gentamicin lock solution, where as in our study most common organism responsible for infection is coagulase negative Staph. followed by VRE