One of the central problems in computer vision is the detection of semantically important objects and the estimation of their pose. Most of the work in object detection has been based on single image processing and its performance is limited by occlusions and ambiguity in appearance and geometry. This paper proposes an active approach to object detection by controlling the point of view of a mobile depth camera. When an initial static detection phase identifies an object of interest, several hypotheses are made about its class and orientation. The sensor then plans a sequence of views, which balances the amount of energy used to move with the chance of identifying the correct hypothesis. We formulate an active hypothesis testing problem, which includes sensor mobility, and solve it using a point-based approximate POMDP algorithm. The validity of our approach is verified through simulation and real-world experiments with the PR2 robot. The results suggest that our approach outperforms the widely-used greedy view point selection and provides a significant improvement over static object detection.


Background: Disability associated with depression could contribute to declining quality of life of women during menopausal transition. Improving the quality of life of depressed perimenopausal women with disrupted familial, social and/or occupational functioning is one of the valued goals of treatment. This study was conducted with an aim to assess disability due to depression among rural women in menopausal transition. Aims: To study disability due to depression among rural women in menopausal transition. Methods: Sixty-one patients in menopausal transition, diagnosed with major depressive disorder were taken as subjects for the study. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) were applied to assess the severity of depression and disability, respectively. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Results: Mean age of the sample was 48.89±3.2 years. Among our sample of participants, 50.8% had symptoms of mild depression, and 49.1% moderate depression. Mild difficulty in functioning was reported by 44.2%, while 19.6% reported moderate difficulty on the WHODAS scale. Significant association was found between depression and disability in women during menopausal transition (p<0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, our results have indicated that many women during menopausal transition experience symptoms of depression and have significant disability. There is a need to develop interventions to reduce disability thereby enhancing the quality of life of these women


Based on the SAG1 gene sequence of Neospora caninum in the GenBank(AF132217),a pair of primers containing Kozak sequence,initiation codon,termination codon,and BamHⅠ and EcoRⅠ enzyme digestion sites were designed.Using the recombinant plasmid pMD-18T-SAG1 containing SAG1 gene as template,the SAG1 gene was amplified by PCR.The PCR product was digested with BamHⅠand EcoRⅠ,and ligated into the digested eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1 with the same restriction endonuclease.Finally the recombinant plasmid named pVAX1-SAG1 was obtained.Further verification was performed by enzyme digestion,PCR amplification and sequencing.


A number of different approaches exist to deliver multimedia content to the end-user through the Web. Within classic clientserver architectures, three main media delivery methods exist: HTTP download, real-time streaming, and HTTP streaming. The latter combines the advantages of both the HTTP download and the traditional streaming approach. In this paper, we provide an overview and analysis of two existing technologies which are based on HTTP streaming: Smooth Streaming and HTTP Live Streaming. Further, we propose an enhancement for HTTP Streaming, called BSD-based HTTP streaming. This enhanced media delivery technique works on an ordinary HTTP Web server, makes use of existing metadata specifications, and does not apply any restriction regarding the media formats used and the way media resources are organized on the server.


Some new calamitic chiral mesogens (2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2,5-diphenylpyrimidines and a biphenylyl benzoate) incorporating the 1-alkylpropynyl moiety have been synthesized as enantiomerically enriched materials (ee c. 87%) and/or as racemates. Their liquid crystalline properties were studied by polarizing microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and electro-optical investigation. Thereby it was found that most of the new compounds exhibit smectic C phases. The spontaneous polarization (Ps) of the optically active materials was measured to be around 10 nCcm-2.


With the rapid advances in mobile computing technology,there is an increasing demand for processing real-time transactions in mobile environments.Due to the intrinsic limitations of a mobile environment,there can be long time latency for a data access.Sometimes the data can even be unavailable due to the network disconnection.Data prefetching is an approach to this problem.However,most of the previous studies in data prefetching don't consider the timeliness for data objects and deadlines of transactions.Therefore they are inefficient for supporting mobile real-time transaction processing.This paper proposes a data prefetching strategy to support real-time transaction processing in a mobile data broadcast environment.Each data object is assigned a prefetching value determined by its changeability,access frequency.For the data objects with bigger prefetching values,by further considering the priorities of the transactions which access the data objects and the validity intervals for these data objects,the authors determine whether these data objects are actually prefetched.Extensive simulation experiments are conducted and show that when using the proposed data prefetching strategy,more mobile real-time transactions can meet their deadlines.


Recently, the research on nonlinear unmixing for hyperspectral images (HSIs) has received more and more attention. However, unsupervised nonlinear unmixing methods that jointly estimate endmembers and abundances from HSIs are insufficiently studied. Besides, the reasonable description of the wavelength-dependent nonlinear intensity and the effective utilization of the spectral and spatial information of HSIs remain to be improved. Based on an extended multilinear mixing (EMLM) model, a coarse-to-fine scheme is proposed for unsupervised nonlinear hyperspectral unmixing to address the above issues. Coarse HSIs generated based on the superpixel segmentation are unmixed first, and then, fine unmixing on the original HSIs is achieved with the guidance of the coarse unmixing results. The endmembers extracted by the coarse unmixing are used to update the endmembers in the fine unmixing, and the coarse abundances and nonlinear parameters are integrated into regularizers. To be specific, a weighted sparse regularizer of abundances and a weighted graph regularizer of nonlinear parameters are constructed and incorporated into the objective function. In this way, some priors can be well modeled and exploited, including that the neighboring pixels share similar sparsity patterns in the abundances and show the consistency in correlations between different bands of the nonlinear parameters. Finally, the alternative optimization strategy (AOS) and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) are applied to derive the algorithm. Experimental results on the synthetic, laboratory-created, and real hyperspectral data demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art nonlinear unmixing methods.


Objective To cloning limonoid-UDP-glucosyl transferase(LGT) gene in Citrus reticulata, analyze the bioinformations of LGT, and compare the expression to provide the foundation for the composite and regulation mechanism of the active ingredient in Citri Reticulatae Semen. Methods LGT gene was cloned the protein characteristics were analyzed using bioinformatics and constructing phylogenetic tree. The expression of LGT in the different parts was analyzed using real time-PCR. Results A 1 530 bp LGT sequence in in C. reticulata, was obtained, which had a 1509 bp ORF and could encode 502 amino acids. And protein analysis and forecast of its secondary and tertiary structures were carried out. Gene expression analysis revealed the expression of citrus LGT was the lowest in semen, and was followed by skin, and the highest expression of fresh. Conclusion LGT gene of C. reticulata, and is successfully cloned, analyzed, and expressed a basis for the study of matter in the synthesis and regulation of limonoids is provided.


An improved motion-search method based on pattern classification is proposed in this paper. A new feature representing the maximum motion around the current block is introduced, allowing more precise description of the motion characteristics of the block. Ada-Boost classifiers can correctly classify the harder-to-classify samples by increasing the weights of misclassified samples, so are adopted to replace the original linear classifiers. Experiments show that the improved method has lower temporal cost in motion estimation search while providing the same image quality.


Abstract Five genetic tests involving 37 somatic clones of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) were planted March 2000 in Weyerhaeuser plantations across western Washington and Oregon States, USA. Four of the tests are in Longview, Twin Harbors and Vail regions of Washington, and one test is in Springfield, Oregon. Each test is based on single-tree plots with 12 randomized complete-blocks. The 37 coastal Douglas-fir clones were propagated by somatic embryogenesis from four full-sib families. Zygotic seedlings from two of these full-sib families were planted across all five tests to allow comparison between somatic and zygotic trees of the same pedigree. Results are reported for survival, stem height, diameter at breast-height (DBH), volume and stem sinuosity at 71/2- years. On average the total population of 37 somatic clones had less stem sinuosity, but grew more slowly than zygotic trees across the five tests studied. However, the best 20% of somatic clones for growth produced 25% greater stem volume at 71/2-years than the zygotic fullsib families. Height had a clonal heritability of 0.61 ± 0.09, DBH 0.64 ± 0.06, volume 0.58 ± 0.08 and stem sinuosity 0.26 ± 0.06. The clonal genetic correlation between height and DBH at 71/2-years was 0.98 ± 0.01, while stem sinuosity was adversely genetically correlated with growth. Clonal performance for growth and stem sinuosity was stable across tests with overall between-test correlations of 0.96 to 0.98. This clonal stability resulted in little variance due to clone x test interactions.


The three-dimensional integrated circuit has attracted considerable attention because of the evolving functions of today's integrated circuit products and a continuing demand for reduced power consumption and miniature chip size. Through-silicon vias (TSVs) provide a vertical interconnection between stacked dies; they are much shorter and have a denser connectivity than the hybrid horizontal and bondwire interconnects in conventional use. Differential interconnects are more commonly used in high-speed digital circuits rather than single-ended ones because of their higher immunity to common-mode noise. Accordingly, presented is a scalable physical model for differential TSVs. Mixed-mode S-parameters were generated using the established model and the electrical performance of a GSSG-type differential TSV was compared with that of a GSGSG-type differential TSV. Furthermore, four-port S-parameters were measured up to 40 GHz to validate the modelled results.


The realization of short-reach parallel optical interconnects based on multi-mode fiber ribbons requires the coalescence of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, photodetectors, transmit and receiver circuitry, and an optical power control system within a compact assembly. This paper describes a solution based on silicon-on-sapphire IC technology and demonstrates an optical transceiver featuring four transmitters and four receivers, each operating at up to 2.7 Gb/s. Flip-chip bonding is used to attach four-element laser and photodetector die to the IC. Optical signals propagate through the transparent sapphire substrate. Lateral photodiodes implemented in the IC process are used to monitor the optical output power, and embedded controllers have been developed to regulate this power on a per-channel basis. Key circuit designs are presented, following a summary of the optoelectronic chip-scale packaging technology.


Diploid Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells were passaged after transfection with recombinant plasmids containing herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) DNA inserts Bgl II focus-forming fragment N, Bgl II transforming fragment C, and EcoRI/ HindIll fragment AE. Cultures transfected with salmon DNA or with 0.1-5.0 ,ug of Bgl HI fragment N reached crisis and senesced. Those transfected with 0.1-0.5 ,ug of Bgl H fragment C or its left-hand 64% subclone EcoRI/HindIll fragment AE escaped senescence and formed continuous lines. At early passages, these lines as well as isolated clones grew in 2% serum but formed small (0. 1 mm) colonies in 0.3% agarose and were nontumorigenic. Serial passaging of Bgl II fragment C-induced cultures and isolated clones resulted in the appearance of large (>0.25 mm) colonies in agarose followed by tumorigenicity. This behavior was not exhibited by the EcoRI/HindIH fragment AE-induced cultures that remained nontumorigenic after 53 passages. DNA from normal SHE cells exhibited homology to Bgl HI fragment C but, under relatively stringent conditions, DNAs from transformed and tumor-derived lines exhibited discrete hybridizing -bands comigrating with au-thentic viral fragments. These results indicate that neoplastic transformation of normal diploid SHE cells by HSV-2 DNA fragments involves at least two distinct steps-i.e., immortalization and conversion to tumorigenicity. EcoRI/Hindlll fragment AE representing the left 64% of Bgl II fragment C is sufficient to induce immortalization. However, DNA sequences from both left-hand 64% and right-hand 36% subfragments of Bgl HI fragment C are required for tumorigenic transformation.


Reinforced concrete frames are usually infilled by masonry walls, but in most design, the shear strength response of these walls is ignored. Hence the nonlinear numerical modeling of masonry infilled frames is one of the most complicated problems in structural engineering especially when such structure is under the influence of lateral loads. However previous experimental test results have indicated that infilled mansonry have a significant influence on the shear strength of the infilled frame, but this process is very expensive and time consuming. In this study a proper numerical model is made using explicit finite elements method to study the behaviour of the masonry inflilled reinforced concrete frames. The basic characteristic of this model is that the complexity which is attributed to the varying mechanical and geometrical properties, existence of joints as a source of weakness and the interaction between the reinforced concrete frame and infill is properly taking into account. In order to undertake this analysis, a suitable computer programme was also developed. To ensure the ability of this method to precisely stimulate the shear strength response of masonry infilled panel, results obtained from experimental test are compared with that obtain using this finite element method.


Incentive motivation elicited by cocaine or cocaine-associated stimuli is thought to contribute to craving and relapse in cocaine abusers, and cocaine-seeking behavior (nonreinforced operant responding) in rats. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of the basolateral (BlA) and central (CeA) amygdala in incentive motivation produced by a cocaine primer and/or exposure to a cocaine self-administration (SA) environment by examining Fos expression as a general marker for neuronal activation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (0.5 mg/kg/ 0.1 ml, i.v.; n = 25) or received yoked-saline infusions (n = 12) for 15–21 days depending on performance. Cocaine-trained rats then received 21 daily 2-hr exposures to either the SA environment in the absence of cocaine reinforcement (i.e., extinction training) or an alternate environment (i.e., no extinction trainng). Extinction training was intended to decrease incentive motivation for cocaine elicited by the environment. The saline-yoked controls were treated identically; however, these groups were combined into a single control group, since extinction training did not alter any of the behavioral or neurochemical measures in these rats. Thus, the design yielded the following groups: Control, Extinction, and No Extinction. Following extinction training, rats were tested for cocaine-seeking behavior for 90 min following exposure to the SA environment (extinction phase). The rats were then tested for reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior for 60 min following an i.p. saline injection, and 90 min following an i.p. cocaine injection (15 mg/kg). Rats from each group (n = 5–7) were sacrificed following either the extinction (i.e., exposure to the environment only) or the cocaine phase. Fos protein expression was then measured as described previously.1 Extinction training decreased cocaine-seeking behavior produced by exposure to the SA environment. There was a main effect of group (F(2,34) = 38.4, p < 0.0001), and post hoc comparisons indicated that the No Extinction group exhibited more cocaine-seeking behavior during the extinction phase relative to all other groups (Fisher LSD test, p < 0.05; FIG. 1) and there was no difference between the Extinction and


Photolysis of Imazethapyr was studied in Milli-Q water, in acidic (pH 5.0), neutral (pH 7.0) and basic (pH 7.0) buffer solutions at two concentration levels 1.0 µg/ml and 2.0 µg/ml under direct sunlight. Aliquots of water samples were collected, filtered and analysed by HPLC-UV detection at different predetermined intervals. The results showed a limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.01 µg/ml and the recovery was 96 to 105%. The degradation of Imazethapyr under direct sunlight was considerably more rapid than hydrolysis in dark with a half-life of 2.2, 2.4 and 2.6 days for acidic, neutral and basic buffer solutions respectively. The estimated DT 50 value of Imazethapyr in hydrolysis study was 22.7 days in acidic, 24.5 days in neutral and 26.4 days in basic buffer solutions. The dissipation followed first order kinetics. The influence of cations - Fe2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+and anions - SO 4 2-, Cl-, ClO 4 -, CO 3 -, HCO 3 - and aeration of oxygen was studied. Major photo transformation products were identified in water using liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS-ESI). The data was compared with similar hydrolysis study conducted at 25°C. The impact of residues if any, present in the aqueous samples after the quantitative indication of residues to below the detectable level was studied by alga bioassay test. Residues dissipated to below detectable level on 15th day. The growth inhibition at this occasion was 65%. Observations on 40th


Objective:To illuminate the theory of traditional chinese drug effects(TCDE)of Radix Scrophulariae's function on cooling blood and nourishing yin from pharmacology.Method:Summarized the pharmacodynamics in cooling blood and nourishing yin of Scrophulariae through analyzing the related literatures in CNKI from 1994 to 2006.Result:The related pharmacodynamics of Scrophulariae's function on cooling blood are mainly anti-tumor,anti-inflammation,relieving fever and so on,and that of nourishing yin are enhancing the immunity,lowering glycaemia,protecting the liver and so on.Conclusion:Scrophulariae's function on cooling blood and nourishing yin has various pharmacological effects.It provides scientific basis for perfecting TCDE of scrophulariae.


Calciphylaxis is a rare, life‐threatening cause of skin necrosis. The condition is primarily reported in patients with end‐stage renal disease, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment has mainly been empirical. We report a case of calciphylaxis in a patient with normal renal function and hypoparathyroidism, who responded to treatment with sodium thiosulfate. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of the use of sodium thiosulfate to treat calciphylaxis in a patient with normal renal function.


Social justice entails opposing discrimination and working towards eliminating structuralviolence. The problem of overrepresentation of Indigenous peoples across Canada's criminaljustice system, a site of structural violence, has persisted for decades. Most studies uncoveredthrough this review and meta-analysis indicated Indigenous disadvantage in criminal sentencing.Specifically, Indigenous peoples were at much greater risk of receiving punitive sentences thannon-Indigenous people. Additionally, the disparity was observed to be significantly greateramong women than men. This synthesis also elucidated the paucity of data and research relatedto Indigenous peoples' involvement with the court system. Implications and future researchneeds are discussed.


In this short paper, we consider the roles of HCI in enabling the better governance of consequential machine learning systems using the rights and obligations laid out in the recent 2016 EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)---a law which involves heavy interaction with people and systems. Focussing on those areas that relate to algorithmic systems in society, we propose roles for HCI in legal contexts in relation to fairness, bias and discrimination; data protection by design; data protection impact assessments; transparency and explanations; the mitigation and understanding of automation bias; and the communication of envisaged consequences of processing.


A sense of history rests in the rafters at the Stables. Built over 100 years ago, the Stables is the heart of the Ngatarawa winery in the Hawke's Bay. And it's the home of New Zealand's first family of winemaking, the Corbans. Gentle in style, the new Stables range evokes life's simple pleasures – warmth, hospitality and conversation.


One actinomycetes strain ECO 00008 against Pyricularia grisea was isolated from a soil sample collected from Yunnan.The extracts(FR,FE,MR,ME) of the actinomycete was carried out and the fermentation liquid was extracted with acetic ether.The inhibitive activity of the fermentation extracts against Pyricularia grisea were analyzed.The results showed that the fermentation extracts of FE and ME had significant inhibitive activity to mycelium growth and 99.00 %,95.60 % inhibitive activity rate to spore germination and the control efficiency of potted plant was 97.61 %,75.07 % against Pyricularia grisea.


Summary The study was designed to clarify the role of personality and status in the appreciation of sex-conflict and philosophical humor. As predicted by Priest's intergroup conflict theory, females appreciated antimale humor more than antifemale humor; the opposite was true for males (p < .001). Maslow's concept of distaste for sex-conflict humor among self-actualizers was not supported. Self-actualizers were, however, more profemale in their responses. Married students enjoyed sex-conflict jokes less than philosophical jokes, regardless of target.


Servant leadership focuses on the betterment and support of others by seeking to meet the interests, needs, and ambitions of others' above one's own. The following paper looks at philanthropy as a catalyst to drive servant leadership behaviors based on situational proximity. The findings of the case study suggest as an individual's proximity or associativity to current or previous philanthropic event so will their willingness to help support others within similar situations and thus exhibit servant leadership principles.


Missing value in traffic accident data prevents the discovery of the significant factors to reduce accident severity and even lead to an invalid conclusion. In previous studies, to handle this problem, researchers mainly tried to improve the methodologies to fit the incomplete data. In this paper, we propose a missing value imputation method. It can impute missing values in the traffic accident data set. The method is called multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) which is flexible and practical. It can not only cope with univariate missing values but also multivariate missing values. The proposed algorithm is compared with two traditional imputation methods using two publicly available traffic accident datasets from New York. Furthermore, we test the performance of the model with different missing ratios. The imputations for continuous variables and discrete variables are analyzed separately. The results indicate that our proposed model outperforms the other two models under almost all situations.


We investigated the effect of LED lamps and incandescent lamp bulbs on the productivity and slaughter quality of Pharaoh breed meat quaility. LED lamps had power output of 16 W, luminous flux of 1400 Lm, and color temperature of 4200 K. Incandescent lamp bulbs had power output of 40 W, luminous flux of 500 Lm, and color temperature of 2300-2900 K. From the 6th day of rearing the light, the intensity was 10-15 Lk within the level of live weight. We established a positive influence of LED lamps on quail slaughter qualities. The quails of experimental group (with LED lamps) had the advantages in terms of live weight (it was higher by 21.5 g or 8.23%, P> 0.999), the gains, feed conversion ratio (higher by 0.2 kg, or 5, 08%), quail liveability (higher by 4%). According to the results of the control slaughter, we admited a striking privilege in the level of slaughter weight and the eviscerated carcass of the poultry of the experimental group. The difference between groups is significant (P> 0.95…0.999). The advantages of the quails from experimental group towards the output of thigh muscles (higher by 0.02%), the drumstick muscles (0.12%), and the liver (by 1.02%) were obvious. The anatomical indices confirmed the influence of indoor lighting source on quali slaughter quality, i.e. the index of carcass food part and leg meat from experimental group were higher, the same was true with the indices of muscle and muscle breast of the quail of the control group with incandescent lamp bulbs.

Keywords: Quails; LED lamps; Rearing; Productivity; Slaughter features

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Various video encryption techniques are purposed to encrypt the videos and used for obtaining highly encrypted videos. The paper focuses on different existing methods for video techniques. It focuses on the full or selective encryption techniques & various schemes under it. This survey provides information about the existing methods and their improvements, hence providing a platform for new researchers for innovating new techniques for further research.


Wireless Capsule Endoscopy(WCE) has been widely used for the screening of gastrointestinal(GI) diseases, especially the small intestine, due to its advantages of non-invasive and painless imaging of the entire digestive tract.However, the huge amount of image data captured by WCE makes manual reading a process that requires a huge amount of tasks and can easily lead to missed detection and false detection of lesions.Therefore, In this paper, we propose a \textbf{T}wo-stage \textbf{M}ulti-scale \textbf{F}eature-fusion learning network(\textbf{TMFNet}) to automatically detect small intestinal polyps and tumors in WCE image sequences. Specifically, TMFNet consists of lesion detection network and lesion identification network. Among them, the former improves the feature extraction module and detection module based on the traditional Faster R-CNN network, and readjusts the parameters of the anchor in the region proposal network(RPN) module;the latter combines residual structure and feature pyramid structure are used to build a small intestinal lesion recognition network based on feature fusion, for reducing the false positive rate of the former and improve the overall accuracy.We used 22,335 WCE images in the experiment, with a total of 123,092 lesion regions used to train the detection framework of this paper. In the experiment, the detection framework is trained and tested on the real WCE image dataset provided by the hospital gastroenterology department. The sensitivity, false positive and accuracy of the final model on the RPM are 98.81$\%$, 7.43$\%$ and 92.57$\%$, respectively.Meanwhile,the corresponding results on the lesion images were 98.75$\%$, 5.62$\%$ and 94.39$\%$. The algorithm model proposed in this paper is obviously superior to other detection algorithms in detection effect and performance


Process parameter effects on electron shading damage have been studied on four high-density plasma (HDP) etch tools;. All the tools evaluated inflicted damages on MOS capacitors connected to "shaded antennas". The damage was reduced with decreasing source power and increasing bias power, being consistent with previous papers. Reported here for the first time is the generality of the damage dependence on the bias power.


This paper reports on a professional development programme focusing on statistical literacy, more specifically the development of in-service teachers' awareness of and reasoning about variability in multiple trials under uncertainty, and their ability to transfer their understandings to related tasks. Variability and uncertainty are key concepts in statistics, but are under-emphasised in many school curricula. These topics formed part of the focus of the intervention. Analysis of post intervention tasks revealed a growth in teachers' levels of reasoning about variability and their ability to transfer these competencies to related tasks. The results emphasise the value of welldesigned learning experiences and rich discussions in teacher professional development programmes in statistical literacy.


E-business allows companies to instantaneously share databases, forecasts, inventory and capacity plans, product information, financial data, and almost anything else that they may need to be operationally efficient and effective. Since transportation and logistics involves the movement of goods and the exchange of information between the members of the supply chain, e-business can help themto not only achieve great operational efficiency but also differentiate services thereby improving company competitiveness (Evangelista and Sweeney, 2006; Nguyen and Tongzon, 2012). The current study aims to evaluate the benefits and obstacles to e-business adoption using industry survey data and factor analysis. The result from a survey of Australian freight and logistics companies indicates that the benefits of e-business adoption are increased competitiveness, service differentiation, value adding, improved customer satisfaction, supply chain integration, company's image, market share, advertisement, cost saving and emissions reduction. The survey also found the main obstacles to e-business adoption being large investment expense, financial constraints, high running cost, lack of IT skills and access to IT consultancy, uncertainty, data security, incompatible services and customers uninterested in the new services. Further investigation using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) reveals the underlying (latent) factors in e-business adoption. The first factor pertains to the marketing or product differentiation benefits including improved company image, customer satisfaction and advertisement. The second factor pertains to improved efficiency due to cost saving, error reduction and more efficient operation. On the other hand, the obstacles to e-business adoption are attributed to the financial factors (e.g. large investment outlays, financial constraints, high maintenance costs anduncertain benefit), the technological factors (e.g. lack of IT skills, inability tochoose IT technology, access to IT services,the new services not supported by customers and incompatible service). The analysis results shed light on transport and logistics companies' views toward the adoption of e-business.


This work presents a particle-core model for an inhomogeneous and mismatched nonneutral charged particle beam. The beam is azimuthally symmetric, initially cold, and is confined by an external constant magnetic field inside a cylindrical conducting pipe. The core description is based on a previous developed Lagrangian approach. The relaxation time and the phase-space topology of the particle-core model is in reasonable agreement with full self-consistent N-particle beam numerical simulations.


The spin-Hamiltonian (SH) parameters (g factors g //, g ⊥ and hyperfine structure constants 63 A //, 63 A ⊥, 65 A //, 65 A ⊥) for Cu2+ ions in the trigonally-distorted tetrahedral sites of ZnO and GaN crystals are calculated from a complete diagonalization (of energy matrix) method (CDM) based on a two spin-orbit parameter model for d 9 ions in trigonal symmetry. In the method, the Zeeman and hyperfine interaction terms are added to the Hamiltonian in the conventional CDM. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental values. The calculated SH parameters are also compared with those using the traditional diagonalization method or perturbation method only within the 2 T 2 term. It appears that, for exact calculations of SH parameters of d 9 ions in trigonal tetrahedral clusters in crystals, the present CDM is preferable to the traditional diagonalization method or perturbation method within the 2 T 2 term. The local structures of Cu2+ centers (which differ from the corresponding structure in the host crystal) in ZnO : Cu2+ and GaN : Cu2+ are obtained from the calculations. The results are discussed.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of working fluids on the performance of the Stirling engine. The gamma-type Stirling engine was constructed from a displacer piston and a power piston. Various working fluids for the Stirling engine used in this study were air, air-ethanol mixture, and nano-fluids. Preparing nano-fluids were based on the immersing ZnO nanoparticles into the air-ethanol mixture. ZnO nanoparticles were produced by the method of flame assisted spray pyrolysis (FASP) and their size was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The working fluid of air-ethanol mixture had the volume ratio of 1%, 5%, and 10%. Meanwhile, the volume ratio of nano fluids used in this study was 1 x 10 -3 , 2.5 x 10 -3 , and 5 x 10 -3 . For working fluids of air-ethanol mixture, the best performance of the engine was achieved at volume ratio about 5% where the engine torque, power, and efficiency were 0.29 Nm, 10.6 W, and 3.9%, respectively. By using the nano-fluids, the engine performance increased with ZnO nanoparticles. The respective engine torque, power, and efficiency featured with nano-working fluid at volume ratio of 5 x 10 -3 were 0.43 Nm, 16.67 W, and 5.95%. Moreover, nano-fluids have a big challenge to study further as working fluids to enhance the performance of the bigger size of Stirling engine.


We describe the successful medical treatment of invasive aspergillosis in a patient suffering from Weil's disease with a combined therapy based on amphotericin B lipid complex and voriconazole.


A method for mapping the position of a tire with tire sensor WU (11, 21, 31, 32, 41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62) with an individual identification number to a vehicle, wherein the tire sensor WU (11, 21, 31, 32 , 41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62) upon activation by a (from a LF antenna 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65) transmitted to the vehicle reception signal emits a transmission signal which includes at least its identification number, wherein the LF antenna (15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65) is located at a predetermined position on the vehicle and with an evaluation unit ECU (70) is connected, wherein the evaluation unit ECU (70) at the start of the system, first, an initialization causing, during which the position of each with a tire sensor WU (11, 21, 31, 32, 41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62) provided with the tire is determined on the vehicle, and wherein the ECU evaluation unit (70) the identification number each tire sensor WU (11, 21, 31, 32, 41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62) together with the system- stores certain position of the tire sensor WU (11, 21, 31, 32, 41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62) provided with the tire on the vehicle, before it goes into the normal operation mode in which the monitoring at the tire data from the tire sensors WU (11, 21, 31, 32, 41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62) are monitored, with the position of the tire sensor WU (11, 21, 31, 32, 41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62) on the vehicle in the tire sensor WU (11, 21, 31, 32, 41, 42, 51, 52, 61, stored 62) itself and kept available is characterized in that the tire sensor WU (11, 21, 31, 32 , 41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62) at the request sends a signal which includes at least its identification number and its stored position in the vehicle, and that in the initialization at the start of the vehicle initially (in the tire sensors WU 11, 21 , 31, 32, 41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62) stored positions together with the corresponding identification numbers to the evaluation unit ECU (70) above the are ittelt that the evaluation unit ECU (70) and compares the already stored values with the respective tire sensor WU (11, 21, 31, 32, 41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62) transmitted values that, if the values will match finished initializing and switched to the normal operation mode.


Sparse signal representations and compressed sensing have found use in a large number of applications including image compression. Compressed sensing exploits the sparsity of naturally occurring images to reduce the volume of the data by using less number of measurements. Inspired by this, we propose a new framework for image compression that combines compressed sensing theory with wavelet and vector quantization. Wavelet transform is used to sparsify the input image while measurement vectors generated from the sparse vectors are transmitted using vector quantization. Simulation experiments are carried out to analyze the effects of various parameters on the image reconstruction quality. Results obtained have been found to be quite promising.


The synthesis, crystal structures, and electrochemical properties of two transition metal coordination complexes, Co(acac)2•(EDO-TTF-4-py)2•2CH3CN 1, and ZnBr2•(EDO-TTF-4-py)2 2, are reported, where acac = acetylacetonate and EDO-TTF-4-py, L1 (EDO-TTF = ethylenedioxotetrathiafulvalene; py = pyridine). In complex 1, two N atoms from L1 are coordinated in the trans configuration to the Co(II) ion of Co(acac)2 to form an octahedral Co complex. And in complex 2, the Zn(II) atom is tetrahedral by two N atoms from L1 and two Br ions. Cyclic voltammetry measurements for both complexes show a sizable interaction involving the electroactive L1 ligand and the metal ion.


Pediatric patients are subspecialists in obtaining or placing foreign bodies in odd places, commonly within the ears and nose. As emergency practitioners, we will be faced with identifying and removing these objects. This course will describe the evolution of foreign body types and update practitioners regarding newer modalities to identify and remove challenging foreign bodies. OBJECTIVES  Describe when foreign bodies may represent truly emergent conditions (presence of nasal button battery, risk of airway foreign body, etc.)  Discuss the role of plain imaging in identifying foreign body presence and type (button battery)


The antioxidative ability on the basis of reduced glutathione sulphydryl level, the inhibition activities of linoleic acid peroxidation of cell free extract of Lactobacillus spp. and the effects of types of media and growth phase of the cells on the cellular GSH level have been determined. Correlation between reduced glutathione sulphydryl level and antioxidative ability of Lactobacillus spp. was analyzed: Lactobacillus casei HY 2782 contained 25.15 µmole/g of GSH, the cellular GSH level of L. casei HY 2782 reached maximum after 24 h of cultivation and tended to decrease on further cultivation up to 72 h. There was a significantly higher level of cellular GSH when grown in de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth than in tryptone phytone yeast extract (TPY) broth or bromcresol pruple dextrose (BCP) broth (p<0.05). The antioxidant activity of cell free extract of Lactobacillus spp. have been shown to be significantly different among strains in the inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test (p<0.01). L. casei HY 2782 and L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 revealed a high degree of antioxidative effect in linoleic acid oxidation system. Spearmans' rank correlation coefficient between inhibitory activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and cellular GSH levels of Lactobacillus spp. was 0.65, which means a significant positive correlation. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 11 : 1582-1585)


The initial-boundary-value problems of a linear wave equation of an axially moving yarn are considered.The ordinary differential equation of the first order approximate motion is derived based on the Galerkin truncation to deseribe the transversal vibration of the yarn,and the principal parametric resonance of the system is then analyzed using the method of multiple scales.The equations of approximate transition curves in the plane of the dimensionless frequency and excitation parameter that separate stable from unstable solution are derived.Results show that the unstalbe region is closely related to the average velocity V_0 and the small speed amplitude of the harmonic motion V_1 of the yarn,that is,with the increase of both V_0 and V_1,the unstable region become wider.


The expansion and deepening of security have initiated the emergence of new concepts, which, among other things, have enabled new ways of understanding and interpreting threats and risks in the security sphere. Human security is one of the new concepts that are becoming part of the security strategies of many countries, despite still-present dilemmas, especially over its practical significance and usability. This paper explores the interrelationship between human security and human rights, starting from the reference object towards which both are directed; that is, the individual. On the one hand, it explores the placement and meaning of human rights in the concept of human security, also enabling its greater concretization; on the other, it analyses the meaning and impact this concept has and should have in promoting and protecting human rights. Hence, the main thesis is that the human security concept has a greater chance of being more widely accepted and more effective when based on human rights, and that human rights are more likely to be protected and respected if treated as part of human security.


A six-port reflectometer technique is extended to make pulsed-RF measurements. It is shown that a time resolution of the order of 1 mu s is possible in both repetitive and single-shot mode of operation. A proof of principle of the method is obtained using passive and active loads. A simple method for the linearization of diode detector response is also presented. Because of its good time resolution, the proposed technique can be used to study thermal effects in high-power solid-state amplifiers or to characterize pulse devices used in phased-array radars.<<ETX>>


We study triviality of Nash families of proper Nash submersions or, in a more general setting, the triviality of pairs of proper Nash submersions. We work with Nash manifolds and mappings defined over an arbitrary real closed field R. To substitute the integration of vector fields, we study the fibers of such families on points of the real spectrum (R) over tilde (p) and we construct models of proper Nash submersions over smaller real closed fields. Finally we obtain results on finiteness of topological types in families of Nash mappings, and also results on effectiveness of the above constructions.


Based on an inquiry development and state of the art of designation of strict forest reserves (SFR) in Germany are analyzed. The actual network of SFR is investigated in respect of representativeness and nature protection. The information gathered is part of a web-based database about SFR in Germany (www.naturwaelder.de). Actually 716 SFR comprising an area of app. 31,000 ha are designated. In the last decades the number and area of SFR have increased considerably. The network of SFR is considered to be more or less representative. Forest communities with wide distribution are represented nearly proportional to their extent, whilst there is a minimum number of SFR representing rare communities with small extent. In most SFR the recent tree species com- position is similar to the expected potential natural forest community. A substantial area of SFR overlaps with other nature protection categories, i. e. with nature protection areas to a degree of 40% and with reserves on basis of the EU Habitat Directive to a degree of 73%. Compared to the initial concepts designation and research in SFR have been successful. The existing SFR-Network and research results provide a good basis for further studies with high relevance for forest management and nature protection. However, in some "German Lander" staff and finan- cial capacities are insufficient to guarantee adequate care and control as well as monitoring of SFR. In order to further develop research in SFR and promote the application of results the foundation of a scientific forum "natural forest research" is suggested.


A resin of acrylate to improve availably cooking environment was prepared by suspension polymerization.By means of single factor experiment,effect of the variety and content of acrylate monomer,the quantities of initiator,the amount of dispersant,reaction temperature,and agitation speed on resins static cooking fume absorption were discussed.The experiments concluded that 10 mL of acrylic acid,25 mL of dodecyl methylacrylate,0.4 g of initiator benzoyl peroxide(BPO),100 mL of 5 wt% PVA-1799 solution,0.39 mL of divinylbenzene,600 r/min of agitation speed,85 ℃ of reaction temperature,and 5 h of reaction time were favorable for 300%(mass ratio)absorption of static cooking fume absorption in the room temperature.Over 97% cooking fume was removed,whereas percent saturation based on the resin was 29.4%,when the flow rate of cooking fume was 350L/h,and absorbing time was 6 h.


In the draft untitled "Two different microbial communities did not cause differences in occlusion of particulate organic matter in a sandy agricultural soil", the authors compared the occlusion in aggregates of newly added pyrochar particles in the presence of two differing microbial communities. The experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions using a sandy soil. The draft is clear but I have several strong concerns about the methodology and the rationale of this work.


The previously unexplored relationship of self-actualization to life stress and perceived social support from family and from friends was investigated. Measures of all variables were administered to 54 female and 52 male adult undergraduate students (age range of 18-81 years). The relationship of each variable to psychological adjustment (depression) also was assessed. As predicted, correlational results revealed self-actualization to be related positively to perceived social support and inversely to depression and life stress. Social support was inversely related to depression, and life stress was related positively to depression. Significant sex differences discovered in the relationship of self-actualization to perceived social support are discussed in terms of possible sex differences in the developmental process of self-actualization.


A retrospective analysis of 6,231 head of stocker and feeder cattle comprising 24 separate lots was conducted to evaluate the extent and degree of improper dosing that would have occurred in individual animals if all animals in each lot were treated with a single dosage level of a pharmaceutical product based upon the average weight of the lot. Nine hundred forty-six head would have been overdosed by 10% or more, while 831 head would have been underdosed by 10% or more. Four hundred thirty-eight head would have been overdosed by 15% or more, while 366 head would have been underdosed by 15% or more. Two hundred and four head would have been overdosed by 20% or more, while 128 would have been underdosed by 20% or more. Ninety-eight head would have been overdosed by 25% or more, while 35 head would have underdosed by 25% or more.


The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985) is one of the most widely used scales for the measurement of subjective well-being. Yet, its measurement invariance and factor structure have not been investigated across culturally diverse samples in Romania. This study addressed this gap in a sample of Roma minority (n = 378), and Romanian majority adolescents (n = 465) in Romania. We found support for scalar invariance, indicating similar patterns and strengths in factor loadings, means and intercepts across samples. SWLS mean comparisons did not show group differences in life satisfaction. We conclude that the SWLS is a brief and valid measure of life satisfaction that can be used for cultural comparison with samples from Romania.


A new front‐end architecture dedicated to 60 GHz high‐speed short‐range communications is proposed. Multiport circuits based on hybrid couplers are intensively used for both phased antenna array and down‐conversion. The front‐end, integrated in planar technology on ceramic substrate, use several IF quadrature conversion circuits, corresponding to multiple directions of arrival. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1371–1376, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23367


IAN DUNELM: Yours sincerely, Auckland Castle d. "Tentative" theology On the matter of whether there are some propositions in theology of which, within their necessary limits, we are sure, I should like to say this. On my view there can be no self-guaranteed theology. Some assertions, however, are more stable than others, and some, no doubt, so stable as to be virtually incorrigible. But iftheology is viewed as multiple in character, as having many different logical strands interwoven within it, then since the sense ofa sentence must always have reference to its context it follows that, as theology is developed, its assertions, even though they keep ostensibly the same, will form part ofan ever-changing logical patchwork endeavouring to elucidate that which has been disclosed. So words and phrases in theology live in a changing context, and though revelation is "given", there is nothing "given" about the discourse which elucidates and interprets it. At the same time, I think that "tentative" may be a misleading word. Perhaps a less misleading word would be "probable". But it would have to be "probable" in that rather special sense in which Bishop Joseph Butler himself used it, whereby a "probable" theology is one which tries as best it may, and better whenever that becomes possible, to articulate a commitment which, however, will never be adequately embodied in words. But a mention of Bishop Butler is perhaps a convenient point for any Bishop of Durham to pause for opportunity to think further, and I am grateful to Professor Owen for the encouragement he has given me to do just that.


Abstract Context: Small cell cancer of the urinary bladder. Aims: Small cell carcinoma of the bladder is a rare histological subtype, which is particularly aggressive and global literature available describing this entity is sparse. This review of our database was to evaluate clinicopathological and survival outcomes of these patients. Subjects and Methods: The present study was a retrospective analysis of patients with small cell bladder cancer for past 6 years at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Center, New Delhi. Results:: Most of the patients in our study presented with limited stage disease. The overall survival and disease-free survival (DFS) was 49% and 51.07% at 2 years, respectively. Preoperative chemotherapy with surgical resection has shown significant survival and DFS benefit. Stage at presentation also affected the survival and DFS though it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Small cell bladder cancer is a rare disease with dismal prognosis. Multimodality treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be the preferred treatment for limited stage disease.


The present invention provides a method for establishing Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) initiator and iSCSI session, when entering into an iSCSI initiator and the iSCSI target iSCSI session, determining whether a current between the iSCSI initiator and the iSCSI target transmission control protocol presence iSCSI sessions (TCP) connection, if it is, the establishment of the iSCSI session over a TCP connection already exists for the iSCSI session; otherwise, proceed to the equivalent path detection iSCSI target iSCSI initiator, the probe iSCSI session were established for the equivalent path to the TCP connection, and establishes a TCP connection on the iSCSI session. By the present invention can make full use of network bandwidth, saving the host CPU resources.


Objective To study the method to classify r espirable dust harmfulness degree in geological exploration profession so as to provide scientific basis for its management. Methods 129 dust-exposed work-types from 3 main system in geological exploration professi on were selected.The respirable dust was collected by use of CXF-2F respirable dust personal sampling instrument.Free SiO2 in dust was measured by X-ray di ffraction method.The harmfulness degree of respirable dust was classifed. Results The har mfulness degree of respirable dust in geological exploration profession attribut ed to safe(0 degree) together with slight(Ⅰ degree) made up 88.4% of total.The harmfulness degree of respirable dust in different work-types was li sted as following:scrap-cleaning,blasting and drilling belonged to slight(Ⅰ) and moderate(Ⅱ) degree,however,carving and sampling belonged to extremely severe(Ⅳ) degree. Conclusion [ WT5"BZ〗The method which could reflect the characteristics of dust-exposure wo uld be suitable for the classification of respirable dust harmfulness de gree in geological exploration profession.


Summary. -- The elastic scattering of 6Li from a number of nuclei between 12C and 2~ is studied within the framework of the strong-absorption model of Frahn and Venter over a wide range of beam energy. The parameters thus obtained are used to analyse the angular distribution for the inelastic scattering of 6Li leading to the lowest 2 + states in 12C, 24,26Mg and 56,~~ and the quadrupole deformation parameter ~2 is extracted in each nucleus. PACS 25.70 - Heavy-ion-induced reactions and scattering.


The theoretical calculation of the waveform parameters of a surge generator based on the circuit analysis is presented.The correctness of the calculation is demonstrated using the measured waveform parameters.


The results on the curvature of a pseudocritical transition line for two-flavor QCD through lattice simulations are presented. The simulations are carried out with Symanzik-improved gauge action and Asqtad fermion action on a lattice 123×4 at quark mass am=0.010. At the imaginary chemical potentials aμI=0.050, 0.150, 0.200, 0.225 and 0.250, we investigate the chiral condensate ψ¯ψ, plaquette variable P and imaginary part of Polyakov loop Im(L) and their susceptibilities. Analytic continuation from an imaginary chemical potential to a real one is used to obtain the expression for transition temperature as a function of the chemical potential. The curvature is 0.0326(46).


The novel corona virus (COVID-19) is a phenomenon with the aftereffects of this pandemic can be felt in the next few years to come. Economic consequences of the pandemic are huge on the Islamic finance industry, it is also evident from the slow growth forecast by the various agencies for the industry. In this paper, we consider this pandemic as an opportunity for the Islamic finance industry to grow and prove its worth again after the global financial crisis of 2008 and emerge as a major contender to the conventional financial system. We develop a model which reveals that COVID-19 is an opportunity with more integrated and transformative growth with high level of standardization, with key focus of the industry on the social cause and tactical adoption of Financial technology. The paper has an implication to the Islamic finance and banking industry as it provides a framework for the future researchers and practitioners to understand and adopt Islamic finance in the post COVID-19 era.


ABSTRACT Focusing on the individual heterogeneity, this article examines the causes of an individual's employment status choice and the extent of state dependence in the Korean labour market. We estimate a dynamic multinomial logit model using the panel data drawn from the first to fifteenth wave of the Korean Labour and Income Panel Study. The results suggest the presence of state dependence. Individual characteristics and growth background have a significant effect on the choice of employment status. Gender is still an important employment factor; males are more likely to be employed and this gender effect is highest for regular employment (RE). One's educational attainment and age operate in opposite directions. That is, educational attainment (age) has a positive (negative) impact on the choice of a regular job and a negative (positive) impact on the choice of a non-regular job. Contrary to our expectations, a wealthy family background reduces the probability of individuals being wage workers, and raises the probability of them being unemployed. The barriers to RE are greater than for non-regular employment. These findings are of great importance for designing policies to effectively address unemployment and labour informality problems in Korea.


Remote sensing image segmentation has always been an important research direction in the field of remote sensing image processing, and it is a key step in the further understanding and analysis of remote sensing images. Image semantic segmentation is the process of classifying each pixel to form several sub-regions with respective characteristics, and extracting the objects of interest among them. However, due to the complex boundary and scale difference of the remote sensing image, the traditional algorithm can not meet the actual needs well, resulting in low segmentation accuracy. In order to further improve the accuracy of remote sensing image segmentation, this paper combines deep convolutional neural network with remote sensing image, based on the U-Net, firstly compares the model's segmentation accuracy under different learning strategies, and introduces a new learning strategy to improve the learning effect of the model; secondly, in the loss function part of the model, a new compound loss function is proposed to speed up the convergence of the network and improve the segmentation accuracy. Based on full experimental research on the WHDLD remote sensing image dataset, the results show that the improved method has 1.5% accuracy improvement compare to the U-Net.


BPMN is a graphical business process notation.Not only can it provide compact,direct business model,but also it has strong business process presentation ability.And meanwhile it has some extent of abstraction.So it is very suitable for business process analyzer to use during the design,definition and analysis stage of the whole process management lifetime..In current setting,there are some business process definition tools based of BPMN,but until now there is almost no business process management plat form that can execute processes described by BPMN.On the other hand,BPEL is a de facto standard in the field of web service workflow management.In order to solve the problems above,this thesis analyzed BPMN specification and BPEL specification carefully.And In order to satisfy the requirement of analyzer's business process design on high level abstraction and finally to satisfy the requirement that can be executed on a platform,the thesis analyzed the semantic difference between two specifications carefully,implemented a mapping system.


Introduction: Asphyxiation by aspirationinhalation of foreign bodies is a form of violent mechanical asphyxia and can occur at any age, most commonly in children and the elderly. In children up to third age choking is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Mortality due to aspiration of foreign bodies is higher in children because of the relatively narrow airways and less developed protective mechanisms. The size, type, shape and place of obstruction with foreign body leads to the diversity of clinical picture.


There are 24 cases in Leipian quoted from Guoyu and 21 of which are different from those in the present vision of Guoyu.


We have used global protein expression analysis to characterize the pathways of dexamethasone‐mediated apoptosis and resistance in myeloma. Analysis of MM.1S cells by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) identified a series of proteins that were up‐ and downregulated following dexamethasone treatment. Downregulated proteins included proteins involved in cell survival and proliferation, whereas upregulated proteins were involved in post‐translational modification, protein folding and trafficking. A comparison with published gene expression studies identified FK binding protein 5 (FKBP5) (also known as FKBP51), a key regulatory component of the Hsp90‐steroid‐receptor complex to be increased at the mRNA and protein level postdexamethasone exposure. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and 2D‐PAGE analysis of the dexamethasone resistant cell line MM.1R demonstrated no increase in FKBP5, consistent with its association with dexamethasone‐mediated apoptosis. Western blot analysis of FKBP5 and other members of the Hsp90‐receptor complex showed an increase in FKBP5 whilst FKBP4 (also known as FKBP52) and Hsp90 expression remained constant. No changes were observed in MM.1R. In conclusion, we demonstrated that following steroid receptor signalling, the cell carries out a number of adaptive responses prior to cell death. Interfering with these adaptive responses may enhance the myeloma killing effect of dexamethasone.


Computerizedtomography (CT) andmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have assumedpivotal roles in modernneurosurgery. Byallowing the surgeonaccuratelyandnon-invasively tovisualize the relatively inaccessible central nervous system, space-occupying lesionscanoftenbediagnosedbeforetheyhavecaused muchdamage. This is of particular importance with headinjuries andother neurosurgical emergencies where thetimebetweenonset of initial symptomsand progressionto irreversible braindamage is oftenshort andtheprognosis is inverselyproportional tothetime before appropriate treatment is instigated. IntheUKandRepublicofIreland,mostpatientswith headinjuriesorotheracuteintracranial lesionsarefirst seenandassessedindistrict hospitals before referral to a neurosurgical centre. Withthe widespreadavailabilityofCTandMRI, manypatientsundergoscanningin these hospitals before consultationwiththe neurosurgicalcentre.Despitethetheoreticaladvantageofsucha sequence of events, avoidable delay inthe diagnosis andmanagement of thesepatients has beenreported1. Voice communicationbytelephone betweena nonspecialist anda neurosurgeonhas beenshowntobe ineffective for accurately describing emergencyCT scans inhead-injuredpatients2. Withfundingfromthe EuropeanUnionunder the Telematique initiative, we have sought to remedythis problembydevelopingan emergencytelemedicine network linking all major district hospitals inthe IrishRepublic tobothdepartments of neurosurgery there. This systemhas been operational since 1993 andallows the rapidtransmissionof CTandMRimages, sothat thereferringdoctor andneurosurgeoncanviewpatients' scans as an adjunct to telephone communication(Fig1). We describe three cases whichillustrate some of the advantages anddisadvantages of anemergencytelemedicineneurosurgicalnetwork.Thenetworkitselfhas beendescribedindetail elsewhere3.


Systematic investigations of the effects of fuel compositions on sooting tendencies were performed in co-flow methane/air diffusion flames doped with different surrogate blends. Test surrogate fuel...


The debating of the relation between Shape and Spirit in the Qi and Liang dynasties was primarily sparked by Fan Zhen.Fan Zhen replaced the trope of firewood and fire with the trope knife and tartness,explained that Shape is essence but spirit is function.Shen Yue,Xiao Chen and Cao Si-wen held that Spirit would never die out.Among the debating,they all used Taoism of pre-Qin.The debating made the Buddhism spread quickly,and we work over the relation between Shape and Spirit today can use their experience and teaching.


Allyl alcohol (2-propen-1-ol), found in considerable amounts in heated garlic, was able to discriminate yeasts from bacteria and was approximately three orders of magnitude more inhibitory towards yeasts than bacteria. The average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of allyl alcohol for bacteria and yeasts was 5.0% and 0.0056%, respectively. The unsaturated primary alcohols, including allyl alcohol and 2-buten-1-ol, seemed to work differently from all the other saturated alcohols and unsaturated secondary alcohols in inhibiting various yeasts. An alcohol dehydrogenase-negative (ADH - ) strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was as resistant to allyl alcohol as various bacteria, exhibiting an MIC of 5.0%. The unsaturated primary alcohols were apparently oxidized into the corresponding unsaturated aldehydes before they inhibited the yeasts.


Several recent cloud-backed storage systems advocates the composition of a number of cloud services for improving performance and fault tolerance (e.g., [1, 3, 4]). An interesting aspect of these compositions is that the consistency guarantees they provide depend on the consistency of such base services, which are normally different.


Back-arc thrusts such as those of the western Cordillera are difficult to explain mechanically as overthrusts resulting directly from oceanic subduction, which would require transmission of tectonic stress through the weak magmatic core of the orogen. Also, increasing of basement rooting of major thrusts requires a reassessment of models of gravitational tectonics by spreading or gliding. A model of westward subduction of the relatively heavy continental lithosphere beneath the geoclinal edge of the continent eliminates the problem of stress transmission. Eastward migration of underthrusts occurs both through the basement and along supracrustal decollement surfaces. The developing thrust belt inherits ancient transverse faults in the continental crust as well as the arcuate outlines of the old geoclinal hinge. In southwestern Montana paired thrust belts reflect paired Paleozoic hinges. Tectonic and topographic highlands in the rear of the thrust belt, to which widespread synorogenic conglomerates bear testimony, result from great uplift due to the buoyance of subducted crustal slices that became decoupled from the sinking upper mantle in the hot core of the orogen. The petroleum potential of the foreland thrust belt in southwest Montana, and perhaps elsewhere as well, must be evaluated in terms of basement rooting of at least some of the thrusts and of significant changes in facies and structural patterns across east-west faults. INTRODUCTION The kinematics and dynamics of large scale "foreland" or "back-arc" overthrusting have long constituted a major problem in geotectonics. In the years preceding and shortly after World War II such thrust belts were variously seen as a byproduct of (1) continental collision and underthrusting (Argand, 1924; Kober, 1923), or a related concept referred to as "Unterstromung" or underflow in the European literature (Ampferer, 1923,1924; Kraus, 1951); (2) the final collapse of elongate crustal downbuckles or "tectogenes" (Vening Meinesz, 1933; Griggs, 1939; Umbgrove, 1947); or (3) gravitational tectonics, either by shallow gliding (Gignoux, 1948, 1950; Tercier, 1950; de Sitter, 1950) or deep mass readjustments (van Bemmelen, 1932, 1933a, 1933b). With the advent of modern global tectonics it became possible to reassess thrust belts in terms of horizontal plate motions. Thus, continentdirected thrusting in the Tethys belt could again be understood as a product of continental collision, much as it was in the heyday of continental drift, and recognition of pre-Mesozoic plate motions made it possible to apply this ' Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 334 Deike Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802. I am especially grateful to Edward Ruppel of the U.S. Geological Survey, not only for reviewing the manuscript, but for many seasons of constructive discussions and suggestions derived from his intimate knowledge of the structure of southwestern Montana and east-central Idaho. I am also indebted to Larry Cathles, my erstwhile colleague at The Pennsylvania State University, for encouraging me to revive and refine my thoughts on underthrusting, for permitting me to use his as yet unpublished geophysical model for its underpinning, and for suggesting changes in the text. I have profited from critical comments by H.D. Drewes of the U.S. Geological Survey. This paper would have been completed far sooner but for the insistence on the part of Edward Beutner of Franklin and Marshall College, as well as my graduate students, Larry Garmezy and Peter Hansen, to expose loose thought, poor arguments, and outright errors of commission and omission. None of these colleagues, however, should be held accountable for the final product. Finally, I am grateful for Robert Texter's drafting talents, and for his reassuring patience in the face of repeated requests for changes in already finished figures, matched only by Judy Bailey's patience in typing multipledrafts of this paper. model to other orogens as well, including the Alleghanian and Hercynian in North American and Eurafrica. For asymmetric situations in which a contnental mass is lacking on one side of the orogen, as in the case of the circum-Pacific belt, the new models returned to the notion of oceanic underthrusting once advocated by Umbgrove (1947) and now placed in the context of ocean spreading and subduction. This accounts well for ocean-directed thrusts on the oceanic side of the mobile magmatic arc, while the related concept of obduction can explain continent-directed thrusts involving oceanic rocks. What remained problematic, however, was the genesis of continentdirected thrust belts in the back-arc environment. Their position inland from structurally weak magmatic arcs (Fig. 1) makes it difficult to see these belts as still another product of ocean plate subduction , especially where distance from. the continental edge amounts to hundreds of kilometers. The Cordilleran foreland thrust belt of western North America is a case in point. The general problem is here considered with this belt, and in particular its Montana-Idaho segment, as a test case. BACKGROUND More than 30 years ago, Eardley (1951, p. 311, 315, Fig. 176) pointed out that the eastern Cordilleran thrust front between Nevada and Alaska follows in a general way two great arcs with eastward convexity (Fig. 2). Elaborating on this observation and taking note of the spatial relation between the frontal thrust zone and the eastern hinge of the Proterozoic to Paleozoic geosyncline, l proposed a genetic model involving progressive underthrusting of a westward drifting North American craton beneath the eastern basement flank of the Cordilleran geosyncline (Scholten, 1956, 1957). Consideration of the problem of the transmission of forces led Misch (1960) to strong advocacy of the concept of continental underthrusting. In Canada, this concept was suggested by Bally, Gordy and Stewart (1966), who presented seismic evidence that the foreland thrusts are confined to the sedimentary strata of Proterozoic


Resident Assistants (RA) are unique positions within a university. Undergraduate students are selected to enforce policy, complete administrative paperwork, and develop community in on-campus housing. Despite the critical role these students play in the advancement of university programs and retention, there is a gap in research regarding what contributes to the success of individuals in the position. Within the limited literature on RA performance and success, there is no current research relating to factors that are shared among the highest-performing women in the role. The current study identified nine high-performing women RAs at three small liberal arts universities in the Midwest. RAs were interviewed to determine common themes among their experiences and work that could be used to predict what contributes to their success. A semistructured interview protocol was utilized to gain insight into the lives of each RA selected to participate in the study. At the conclusion of all interviews, audio recordings were transcribed to allow for member-checking and coding. A process of open coding identified themes that were categorized into axial codes, and then further consolidated into selective codes for analysis. Axial codes of adaptability, external factors, ability to mitigate negative consequences, recognition of positive outcomes, ability to enforce policy, appreciation for administrative role, and a capacity to develop community and socialize were created to categorize the participant's responses. These axial codes were further collapsed into the selective codes of personal characteristics, influencing factors, and understanding the role. The highest-performing RAs demonstrated adaptability in the face of adversity, a set of common experiences and passions, and position knowledge that exemplified the goals of their job. College administrators should pay particular attention to the types of characteristics that women RAs share, with the intent to develop more undergraduate women into campus leaders. Future research should be directed toward diverse groups of students to compare what characteristics of high-performing women RA are shared among all undergraduate student leaders at all types of institutions.


Through the investigation and study,we excavated the cultural connotation,analyzed the geometrical composition and modeling of the Miao silverware,found that there are a lot of geometrical element applied in the composition of the Miao silverware,such as triangles,squares,circles,ellipses,spirals,balls,cones,etc.Because the geometrical element has been heavily used in the plane and three-dimensional composition,which greatly enriches the virtual art of the Miao silverware,made the Miao silverware charming,while the Miao silverware highlights the history culture and the artistic taste of Miao nation.,reflects the Miao national wisdom on the plastic arts of the Miao silverware.If we use them as the curriculum resources of the minority areas to be developed,then introduce them into the Primary and secondary school mathematics classroom in the minority areas,which will make the learning of elementary geometry in the Primary and secondary school intuitive and realistic.


This paper introduced the basic principles of the ant algorithm. On this basis, the method of dynamic mobile robot path planning based on ant algorithm is also proposed. Finally, the algorithm is certificated by Visual C++ simulation. It has a certain sense to solve the optimization problem that ant algorithm is applied to the mobile robot path planning.


Modernization and its influences have recently touched various community levels, including communities of custom society and consequently affected the existing local wisdom which has become their life guidance for hundred years. This research aimed at examining the dynamics and transformation of local wisdom existed in the custom society in the middle of modern era development. This research was conducted in Banyumas Regency, precisely on Banokeling custom communities in Pekuncen Village, Jatilawang District. A descriptive-qualitative method was conducted by having in-depth interviews with Banokeling Custom followers and figures as well as Banyumas cultural observers. The research results show that, Banokeling custom communities were highly adaptive to various modernization influences. The local wisdoms were not suddenly disappeared in response to the developing modernization, yet continuously existed with certain adjustments following the recent development. However, there were some forms of local wisdoms which originality was continuously maintained, such as religious identity, clothes, custom houses, and various rituals held routinely. This research concluded that there was local wisdom transformation in Banokeling custom communities, yet the transformation happened in the framework of adaptation with the recent development.


A significant number of problems in emergency care are caused by a lack of provider access to pre-existing patient information at the point of care. A particular difficulty is the access to information on the medical history of patients from other countries. This is due to a number of reasons such as language barriers, technical and safety hurdles, differences in expectations concerning content of the data and workflow differences between emergency room departments. With increasing numbers of travellers, a cross-national information exchange of relevant medical data in case of emergency is becoming more and more important. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss possibilities and requirements for setting up an internationally available emergency data set.


Three new species ( Calymmodon concinnus , Oreogrammitis parvula, Xiphopterella parva ), and seven new records ( Dasygrammitis brevivenosa , Oreogrammitis sinohirtella , Radiogrammitis beddomeana , R. jagoriana, Scleroglossum pyxidatum , S. sulcatum and Themelium halconense ) of grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae) are reported for the flora of Vietnam, mostly from newly collected specimens. We provide detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations, ecology and distribution, and taxonomic notes for each new species. Furthermore, type information, distribution, voucher specimens and taxonomic notes are provided for each newly recorded species. A checklist including synonymy and a key to Vietnamese grammitid ferns are also given.


Hidden failures in protection schemes, the traditional N - 1 security criterion and the introduction of the electricity market are usually major causes in the recent wide area blackouts. In the present work, we address the reliability analysis of power systems using the Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets (GSPN). The proposed modeling approach considers not only the most common failures of power system elements, i.e. short-circuit, breakdown, lightning, but also the improper operations of protection schemes. In addition, the dependency on the system operating conditions has been introduced according to the GSPN formalism (marking-dependency), which allows for the propagation of harmful events. At last, well-known techniques such as reachability graph might be used to retrieve the reliability information of the system under investigation.


An adiabatic apparatus for the study of heat evolution by decomposing plant materials was described by Norman, Richards, and Carlyle (1941). With certain modificatictis, which will be'described later, this has Also proved satisfactory for pure cultural studies. However, the rate of decomposition and accompanying heat evolution in the case of:many pure cultures is considerably slower than with mixed populations, so that often no more than 'one trial per week can be carried out.in'the adiabatic apparatus. It seemed desirable, therefore, to attempt to devise equipment with' much the same general characteristics,but which would be simpler and less expen6ive so that several units could be operated concurrently. Such equipment is deseribed below. It lacks the high sensitivity of the electrically controlled adiabatic apparatus, but is entirely satisfactory for many purposes.' In our studies, preliminary trials are now made in such equipment, thereby: freeing the adiabatic apparatus for critical tests conducted when the factors invoaved are known.


The next project is a business concept of a bakery cafe decor Feng Shui, This is an innovative concept. The project is a study of macro environment and industry trends within the sector and, through this study is conducted market research, I throw an acceptance of the business for future implementation the business will take into account the development of a plan marketing, that should not follow the traditional trends and be innovative, The business have taken into account the best providers, the business plan with a schedule of operations and activities, steps for developing the product's nutritional content bread, preparing schedule of suppliers, This are focused on optimizing the business resources to start optimizing costs and resources. The plan of operations and production, a general schedule, a study of potential risks and solutions to them which have focused as well as internal and external risks. The plan has an elaboration about the human resource management team that will be needed for project development, and maintenance costs of employees in the company, taking into account existing laws in the country. The financial plan which sees three possible scenarios and risks, taking all this translated into numbers, to see their financial viability which is excellent, with 2 stages were counted and deleveraging leveraged scenarios which are optimistic, pessimistic and normal. Finally, the business can find the draft recommendations and conclusions, which are very specific and steps for business success.


The diffusion parameters of 133Xe in irradiated sintered pellets of several different uranium carbides were measured in postirradiation annealing experiment in the temperature range of 1, 000°1, 400°C.A rapid increase of 133Xe release was observed when the pellets reached 200°600°C while being heated to 1, 000°C. It was considered that this rapid release of 133Xe could be explained, not by the diffusion model, but by the desorption phenomenon of 133Xe evolved and adsorbed on the pellet surface during irradiation.The apparent diffusion coefficient (D') obtained here appears to depend mainly on the actual surface area of the pellet and not on the fraction of its theoretical density. The values of D' obtained here for carbides at 1, 400°C were of the same order of magnitude as the values reported for sintered 97% dense UO2 pellets.The diffusion coefficients (D) of all samples were found to be in the range of 1×10-191×10-18cm2/sec at 1, 000°C and 1×10-162×10-15cm2/sec at 1, 400°C, having activation energies of 5078 kcal/mol.


Abstract Maguru panggul pedagogy is a traditional form of instruction used to teach Balinese Gamelan that literally means the teacher is the mallet. This pedagogy is presented as a semiotic apprenticeship where students become active participants by not only learning the music, but by also contributing their knowledge about it during negotiated classroom interactions. Three examples from research conducted in two Balinese Gamelan classrooms in the United States are analyzed utilizing the theory of mediated discourse analysis, and discussing these examples in terms of distributed cognition. Maguru panggul is revealed as a semiotic apprenticeship that draws upon several semiotic modes.


This section includes the articles presented at the 18th International Workshop on Nature Inspired Distributed Computing (NIDISC 2015) held in conjunction with the 29th IEEE/ACM International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2015), May 25-29 2015, Hyderabad, India. The NIDISC workshop is an opportunity for researchers to explore the connections between biology, nature-inspired techniques, metaheuristics and the development of solutions to problems that arise in parallel and distributed processing, communications and other application areas.


The purpose of this research is the optimal carbonization temperature, to obtain economical, environmentally friendly and quality carbon from cassava peel waste. Cassava peel carbon is synthesized through a carbonization process. The method used to manufacture carbon from cassava peel is by calcining it in a furnace at various temperatures of 250℃, 350℃, and 450 for 1 hour. The carbon obtained was tested for ash content, vapor content and bound carbon. In this study, the standard used to determine the characteristics of the carbon produced is the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 06-3730-1995). The results showed that the optimal carbonization temperature for cassava peel carbon was 250℃, where the ash content was 7.14%, the vapor content was 5.32% and the bound carbon was 87.54%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that cassava peel waste can be used as carbon that meets the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 06-3730-1995).


Incoming shipments are always exciting, especially when species are new to one's collection. It was, therefore, with great anticipation that I approached a jumble of various size shipping boxes heaped in a corner of an air-cargo terminal - a longawaited collection from Sylvan Heights Waterfowl in North Carolina, America's largest assemblage of duck, goose and swan species. As if they were Christmas presents, I wondered which box held Greenwinged Teal, and which one had Rosy-billed Pochards, when a loud and discordant "Onngk!" from the biggest box ceased any speculation as to its content. On April 2, 1991, Paradise Shelducks arrived at Emerald Forest Bird Gardens. Of the 23 species of waterfowl maintained here in Fallbrook, Paradise Shelducks are certainly the most vocal - a trait that has not been overlooked. The Maori of its native New Zealand call this bird '' Putangi" the ''Wail of Death" (Iohnsgard, 1978). No less a person than Jean Delacour dismissed their noise as "positively tiresome" (Todd, 1979). On the other hand, I find their calls charming, divided as they are, between the sexes. While the darkly somber male stomps around, his head held low, his guttural "Onggkaongka-ongka!" punctuated with tenor "Gawoo's," the rich chestnut female, her white head tipped up, maintains a steady high pitched commentary of' 'Kek-kek-kekek-kehkeh-kek-kek-keh ... !" as she accompanies him on patrol. '' Patrol" is used advisedly as, except during the postbreeding molt, the normal social unit is one highly territorial pair (Iohnsgard, 1978; Todd, 1979), fiercely guarding an area not only against others of their species, but other sorts of birds as well. At Emerald Forest, our pair monopolizes the island in the lake, often being the only birds present on it. Early in the morning and late in the afternoon, they are usually back in a wooded area near the fence which encloses an acre of lake and forest. Our other waterfowl give them a wide berth. Occasionally, one will be seen threatening another bird with lowered head. Never, however, have I seen any physical contact between them and any other species, including our male wild Muscovy and the pair of Cuban Tree Ducks, both notoriously aggressive, and the only birds in our collection that have displayed an aggression towards the Paradise Shelducks. I find it interesting that I have observed no interaction at all with our pair of Common Shelducks (Tadorna tadorna), the only other member of this seven species genus presently kept here. Paradise Shelducks have been traditionally considered an aggressive species in mixed collections, to be combined with care (Rutgers & Norris, 1970; Todd, 1979). I was, therefore, most surprised to find the German aviculturist Hartrnut Kolbe (1979) asserting that they are "Good tempered" and "even breeding birds are not aggressive toward other ducks." As he further states, another reason that the Paradise Shelduck is the "most suitable" Shelduck for private aviculture is that it '' does not disturb with noisy, obtrusive calls," one wonders if he is indeed talking about the same species that Frank Todd (1979) states is "among the fiercest and most pugnacious of the Shelducks." As Kolbe gives a very detailed species account of this bird, I'm inclined to believe that these remarkable discrepancies may be accounted for by a mutation arising out of the very likely highly inbred European population. Although the Paradise Shelduck is not a rare bird in New Zealand (Johnsgard, 1978; Todd, 1979), total exports, in common with other New Zealand wildlife, have been small in number and it has traditionally been considered a collector's item, standing out in zoos and private collections. This species was first bred in England in 1865, and shortly afterwards in France (Rutgers & Norris, 1970). The first U.S. breeding took place in the New Jersey collection of T.A. Havemayer, sometime between 1917 and 1926 (Crandall, 1927). It apparently was not bred in America again until 1957, when one hatched at the San Diego Zoo from a pair that arrived from the Auckland Zoo in 1951. Long time zoo historian, Marvin Jones, San Diego's registrar, informed me that only one duckling was produced, the only offspring of that pair, which arrived with four other birds, two of which were sent to the Brookfield Zoo. K.C. Lint, San Diego's Curator of Birds for more than 30 years, told me he designed a '' real special nest" to induce these birds to breed - a six foot long tunnel-like structure of wood, set in a large hillside. The parents hatched the egg themselves, after 28 days. I learned from Marvin Jones that the San Diego Zoo made several further importations of Paradise Sheld u c ks; from Wellington, New Zealand and Sydney and Melbourne, in Australia. K.C. Lint brought back a pair from Sydney in 1958, with a large shipment of Australian animals, and recalls that it was necessary, during the boat trip across the warm Pacific, to dump several buckets of water on the Shelducks each day to keep these New Zealand natives cool. A bird that came to San Diego from Wellington on February 4, 1966 was sent to Seattle's Woodland Park Zoo on March 10, 1983 where, I am told by Wendy Wienker, Woodland Park's registrar, it died May 2, 1986. Though it is not certain, this bird was thought to have hatched in 1964. Marvin Jones is not aware of a comparable longevity, which is fairly impressive for waterfowl in general.


This paper provides the findings from a research project commissioned to assess the emerging body of information being published in web logs (blogs) in the field of European pharmaceuticals and European health care. The hypothesis behind this research was that the rise of blogs as a rich information source may provide a challenge to the traditionally held view of a 'key opinion leader' - could an anonymous blogger have as much influence over public debate as a recognised scientific expert? The results reveal that in spite of high volume of emerging blogs, only a small number are interlinked, and the emerging network configuration is a small core component and a large number of dyads, or short tails. The public opinion broadcasted in blogs shows differentiation related to specific health issues or pharmaceutical companies.


This study aims to analyze the extent to which physical exercise with iron and no iron intake affects the hemoglobin level and maximum aerobic capacity. Whether the hemoglobin level and maximum aerobic capacity will actually be affected by iron intake or are affected by physical exercise. The population is a student FIK Negeri Padang Sport Coach program 2015/2016 registered in the semester of July December 2017. Samples of 30 male students. The study was conducted at the Fitness Laboratory of FIK UNP. Treatment of research in the form of physical training with training circuit and HIIT for 16 times exercise, giving iron supplements Ferizz brand in tablet form. The instrument to measure hemoglobin levels using hemoglobin testing system, quik-check, and Bleep Test to measure maximum aerobic capacity. Data analysis using t test and anova.The results show that all hypotheses proposed in this research are acceptable; p <α 0.05. Thus it is expected that this research is useful for interested parties, especially in order to improve the physical ability of athletes, so that maximum achievement in every competition can be achieved.


Ultrasound imaging is a widely used method for medical applications. It is noninvasive, real-time and relatively inexpensive. However, compared to o ther medical imaging methods, it suffers from low signal to noise ratio, the presence of speck le, signal dropouts, and a low contrast. The speckle appears as a multiplicative, locally correlate d noise caused by destructive interference of signals reflected from scatterers within o ne resolution cell. This phenomenon degrades the resolution of images and makes difficult the d etection of their features. Hence, the development of effective noise reduction filte rs for echographic


A fat composition for bakery products which comprises 50 to 85 parts by weight of an edible fat (A) in which the content of unsaturated fatty acid residues in all constituent fatty acids is 75 wt.% or higher, 10 to 35 parts by weight of an emulsifying agent (B), and 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a humectant (C), the (A)/(B) weight ratio being 6.5 or lower; and a bakery product containing the fat composition. Also provided are: a use of the fat composition for producing a bakery product; and a process for producing a bakery product which comprises adding the fat composition to dough.


The effect of different DEAE-dextran derivatives on the surface charge of tumour cells has been investigated. The DEAE-dextran varied in molecular weight and charge density (degree of substitution with diethyl-amino-ethyl groups). It was shown that the binding to the tumour cell surface and the ability to neutralize the negative charge of the cell surface was dependent upon the molecular weight and the charge density. Higher molecular weight and higher degree of substitution gave a stronger binding. The toxicity of the various compounds in mice and amoebae was correlated to the cell surface affinity. The biological effect of the different drugs was investigated in the C3H mice using the transplantable ascites tumour JBI which is a plasmocytoma. The DEAE dextran has an inhibitory effect on the growth of transplanted tumours. This effect was greatest for the compound with the highest molecular weight (2 mill.) and the highest degree of substitution (50 per cent), and was negligible for a compound with molecular weight of 64, 000 and 13 per cent substitution.


A new species of Megarthrus Curtis is described from the Eastern slopes of the Andes in southeastern Peru (Department of Cuzco). Major diagnostic features are photographed and illustrated, and COI molecular barcode is given.