Keywords The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of the MALDI TOF technique in identifying Klebsiella spp. Plus, application of MICRONAUT susceptibility testing for detection of MDR klebsiella isolates. A total of 293 samples (233 nasal swabs, 45 milk sample, 10 anal swabs and 5 vaginal swabs ) were collected from 258 clinically diseased animals. All samples were examined and all typical colonies were analyzed biochemically and confirmed by MALDI TOF method. All confirmed klebislla spp. isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to 18 antimicrobials. Typical colonies were confirmed biochemically in 30 samples as klebsiella (10.2%). They were identified as klebsiella spp. (n=24), k. pneumoniae (n=3) and enterobacter spp. (n=3) by MALDI TOF. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of 27 k. pneumoniea strains by using MICRONAUT susceptibility testing discovered that all of the isolated strains were sensitive to 7/16 tested antibiotics (43.75%) amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, cephalothin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, spectinomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol, complete resistance was observed to only 6 antibiotics, i.e., ampicillin erythromycin , tiamulin, tilmicosin, penicillin G, tulathromycin. All strains showed intermediate susceptible to florfenicol except only one strain. Eighty five percent of the isolates recorded sensitivity to colistin and the remaining show intermediate susceptibility. Ten strains were unsusceptible to tetracycline (6 resistance, 4 intermediate) and the other were susceptible to tetracycline.


In this paper, near-field source localization algorithm is presented using Matrix Pencil in Uniform Linear Array(ULA). Based on the centrosymmetry of the ULA, the proposed algorithm decouples the steering vectors which allow for the bearing estimation using Matrix pencil. With estimated bearing, the range estimation of each source is consequently obtained by defining 1D MUSIC spectrum. Simulation results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm.


The present invention is directed to a process for making silver nanostructures, comprising reacting at least one polyol and at least one silver compound that is capable of producing silver metal when reduced, in the presence of a source of chloride or bromide ions, at least one copolymer, and at least one acid scavenger. The present invention is also directed to silver nanostructures made by the processes described herein.


Introduction and Objective. Chocolate is one of the most popular food products worldwide. Sometimes the smell or consistency alone evokes a feeling of happiness among consumers. Although dark chocolate appears to be a well-known product, there is a lot of misinformation about it, based on incomplete or outdated data which should be updated due to its growing popularity. The aim of this study was to summarize the available scientific reports and on their basis to formulate clear conclusions. negative

https://www.monz.pl/pdf-152270-80806?filename=Dark chocolate _ a.pdf


Summary In combustion research, nitromethane is an important nitro-compounded liquid propellant offering high performance. Additionally it can be used as a model substance for understanding mechanisms of combustion of solid propellants. The objectives of investigations were the burning behaviour and the flame spectrum in the UV=VIS spectral range because of the appearance of strong radical emissions also present in flames of other energetic materials. The evaluation is based on a detailed chemical kinetics and a linear combustion model including a reduced mechanism.


Background. Itremains controversial astowhether electrical activation during ventricular fibrillation (VF)isorganized. Todetect thepresenceoforganization inVF,thedirection ofepicardial activation (EA) atmultiple sites was examined byusing vector mapping. IfVF isnota randomprocess,EAdirection at a given site should be related toadjacent sites andprior beats. Methods andResults. Thirteen dogswithhealing myocardial infarction (MI)andfourdogswithout MIhad VF induced byprogrammed stimulation. Using a plaque electrode arraywitha 2.5-mminterelectrode distance, 91vector loops werecreated foreach"beat" ofVF.Direction ofmaximumEA was determined at eachsite forthefirst 10consecutive beats ofVFandfor10consecutive beats recorded 5 seconds after VFwas established. Spatial andtemporal linking ofEAdirections wasevaluated bytheability ofactivation direction ata given site tobepredicted byactivation directions ateight adjacent sites fortheindex beatandateight adjacent sites andthesite ofinterest forthepreceding beatusing stepwise linear regression. Thestrength of themodelasreflected bythecorrelation coefficient (r)indicated thedegree oflinking. We determined 1) changes inthedegree oflinking overtimeduring a given episode ofVF (using apaired-difference ttest), 2) differences inthedegree oflinking between theanterior andposterolateral wailsinanimals with(n=4)and without (n=4) MI (using two-way ANOVA),and3)theeffect ofrepeated inductions (n=10) on thedegree of linking (using one-wayANOVAwithrepeated measures). During 57episodes ofVF,rforeachmodelranged fom 0.64 to0.88 during thetransition toVFto0.39-0.78 during established VF(p<O0.0001 forthedifference). ThepresenceofMI,thesite ofrecording, andrepeated inductions didnotaffect thedegree oflinking. Foreach episode, spatial linking was more prominent thantemporal linking. Conclusions. Electrical activation during VFisorganized. Thedegree oflinking ofEAdirections during VFisnotaffected bythepresenceofMI,thesite ofrecording, orrepeated inductions ofVF.During the first 5seconds ofVF,thedegree oflinking decreases. (Circulation 1992;86:1547-1558)


In this study explained Indonesian literature through blue cultural studies perspective. Therefore, in this study refers to the views Mentz (2009) on blue cultural studies. Sources of data in this study is Ikan-ikan Hiu, Ido, and Homaby Mangunwijaya (2015).  The results showed that the daily life of people Mangunwijaya featuring sailors and pirates on Halmahera. He (Mangunwijaya) symbolizes human life such as sharks, Ido, and homa, there are 'predators', 'conquered', or 'betrayer'.


The body of information presented in this paper is directed towards engineers in the field of environmental sciences involved in measuring and evaluating the emissions from a variety of diesel engines or vehicles. This paper summarizes recent data obtained by EPA on identification and quantification of different emissions (i.e. characterization) from a variety of diesel engines. The effects of turbocharging, advanced injection timing, indirect vs. direct injection, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and different fuel pumps on HC, CO, NO/sub x/, sulfates, aldehyde, and particulate emissions were determined by testing several heavy duty diesel engines. A heavy duty gasoline engine was tested for comparison. Limited testing was done on a diesel bus engine under malfunction conditions (conditions different from manufacturer's recommended specifications).


The determination of citrate exuded from soil-grown roots is very challenging due to its rapid microbial degradation and mineralization, sorption to the solid soil phase and ongoing release of organic molecules from organic matter breakdown. For this reason, our knowledge about citrate release is mainly based on experiments carried out in hydroponics. Results obtained in hydroponics cannot directly be transferred to soil-plant systems, as hydroponics represents an artificial environment. This study aimed to develop a localization and quantification technique for citrate exuded from soil-grown plant roots, based on diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT). Polyacrylamide gels containing precipitated zirconium hydroxide (ZrOH) were applied to the rhizosphere of soil grown plants, on which citrate is efficiently immobilized, thereby creating a zero sink to sample the citrate exuded from the roots. Citrate was eluted with 1 mL 0.5 mol L-1 NaOH from the ZrOH gel and quantified by ion chromatography. ZrOH gel discs were able to bind the citrate contained in 10 mL of 2.77 mg citrate L-1 solutions within a 4h uptake period. Elution efficiency was ~89%. ZrOH gel capacity at pH 8 was 200 µg per gel disc and 299 µg per gel disc at pH 4, which is sufficient to act as a zero sink for citrate released from plant roots. As a first exemplary method application, we grew white lupin plants in rhizotrons using a highly phosphorus deficient soil. ZrOH gel sheets were applied for 26 h onto cluster roots for citrate sampling following established DGT protocols. Gels were cut afterwards into 5×5 and 5×2 mm slices for obtaining a citrate exudation map. In both cases we were able to localize and quantify up to 7.89 µg citrate on individual gel slices, as well as to identify longitudinal and lateral citrate gradients around the cluster roots. Moreover, the characterization of ZrOH gels showed its suitability for citrate sampling in terms uptake kinetics and capacity. These results demonstrate that the developed method is suitable for citrate sampling and localization in a non-destructive way from soil-grown plant roots. As it is applicable to soil grown-roots and provides unprecedented spatial resolution, this sampling technique advances the experimental possibilities for researching root exudates considerably. Using suitable binding materials, this approach is also applicable to other carboxylates such as malate or oxalate and other compound classes such as phenolics, flavonolos etc. Furthermore, this technique can be combined with complementary imaging methods for mapping e.g. nutrients, contaminants, pH or enzyme activity distributions.


For the patient with significant intractable diplopia, unresponsive to strabismus surgery or prismatic correction, management options are limited and usually involve occlusion. Implantation of pupil occluding intraocular lenses (POIL) offers a cosmetically pleasing solution. Photophobia, image delay, leukocoria and intractable diplopia all represent potential indications for occlusion, and can arise from traumatic eye injury causing extraocular muscle nerve palsies, vision loss, meningioma, juvenile cataract and/or Coates' disease. While external patches, occlusive contact lenses, retro-bulbar alcohol injections and corneal tattooing represent alternate therapies, POILs offer a singleintervention procedure with semi-permanent yet reversible correction, allowing for resolution of diplopia permitting the effective use of monocular vision and providing satisfactory cosmesis. This retrospective, five-case series documents patients who underwent POIL insertion from 2005 to 2017. The Artisan pupil occluder was used in all patients. All patients had failed, or were considered poor candidates for strabismus surgery or prismatic correction for a variable range of factors including poor vision in the affected eye, grossly incomitant strabismus and/or lack of fusional ability. The before-correction visual acuity (BCVA) and postoperative course of the patients is summarised below (Table 1). All patients in our series achieved resolution of their troublesome diplopia, and were able to enjoy useful uninterrupted monocular vision in their unoccluded eye. Patient 3 returned to his previous occupation as a commercial vehicle driver, on a conditional licence (Fig. 1). Case selection in this study differs from previous case series as all patients in our cohort had vision in the affected eye of 6/18 or poorer. We agree with previous studies' recommendations that where possible, patients with better than 6/12 vision should be considered for strabismus surgery and/or prismatic correction prior to occlusive intervention, given the possibility for resolution of their diplopia and achievement of effective binocular vision. Nevertheless, possibly due to concomitant strabismus and or poor fusional ability, even patients with good vision in both eyes may be unable to achieve binocular vision, and may benefit from this procedure. We suggest that patients considered for POIL implantation trial occlusive contact lenses prior to their procedure. If tolerable and effective for the patient, this provides a guide to a patient's expectation of results and satisfaction with the proposed intervention. Previous case series have identified pitfalls noted by other clinicians, including advice for preoperative scotopic pupilometry, avoiding posterior vaulted lenses and recommending the use of post-operative steroids to avoid uveitis. This case series has demonstrated that light perception post-insertion remains a common issue, and can be troublesome to the patient, affecting three of our five patients. Evidence of near infra-red (NIR) transmission provides a possible explanation of light perception in patients with POILs. The occluding lens used in our case series do not transmit infrared light, so we concluded stray light phenomenon experienced by our patients was due to pupil size. Pupillary constriction, with pilocarpine in one case and brimonidine in two cases, was effective in resolving light perception. NIR transmitting POILs, designed for 'in-the-bag' placement allow for scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and ocular coherence tomography. This may increase the clinical utility of these devices, although use of these NIR transmitting lenses may also increase reported unwanted light perceptions. Some studies suggest optimal future designs would occlude all light wavelengths below 820 nm, effectively negating NIR transmission and possible light perception while allowing for scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and ocular coherence tomography monitoring of the posterior pole. While corneal tattooing represents a therapeutic alternative, cosmetic appearance may remain satisfactory only in the primary position. Femtosecond laser tattooing has been proposed as a safer alternative; however, long-term pigment stability and safety of this has yet to be carefully examined. Elevated intraocular pressure in one patient was identified 2 years' post-procedure and was effectively treated with single agent latanoprost therapy, with return to acceptable intraocular pressures. This series demonstrates POILs are a targeted and effective management option in a small group of patients with intractable diplopia, allowing for meaningful improvement in symptoms and improved utility of remaining monocular vision. Pilocarpine or brimonidine have proven to be effective agents in resolving light perception in our cohort and should be considered as a management strategy of this complication. Patients Conflict of interest: None declared.


Objective To evaluate the diagnostic values of DNA aneuploidy and Lunx mRNA expression of pleural fluid of patients with non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Pleural fluid specimens were collected from 46 patients with NSCLC,22 pleural effusion samples of the tumor excluding lung tissue and 15 pleural effusion samples of benign disease were served as controls.Using fluorescence quantitative PCR technique for detection of LunX expression of mRNA,flow cytometry determination of pleural DNA ploidy analysis.Results There were significant differences in DNA index and proliferation index between pleural fluid of patients with NSCLC groups and benign disease(P0.05),the tumor excluding lung tissue have no difference with the NSCLC patients in DNA index and proliferation index.The positive rate of LUNX mRNA for NSCLC was 91.3%(42/46) and had a statistical significance with other two groups(P0.05).25 in 46 patients with NSCLCdetected double positive results and showed a statistical significance with other two groups(P0.05).Conclusion On the basis of pleural fluid LunX mRNA detection and DNA ploidy analysis can improve the non small cell lung cancer patients with positive rate,for the judgment of non small cell lung cancer patients with recurrence,metastasis and has important clinical significance.Joint detection of DNA-aneuploidy and LunX mRNA could improve the sensitivity and specificityof pleural fluid.They might be of high diagnostic values in NSCLC patients and might benefit further clinic procedures.


Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disorder resulting from a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase (GC). Recently, lentivirus vectors have been developed for efficient gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). A recombinant lentivirus vector was used to evaluate the transduction of the human GC gene into murine bone‐marrow‐derived HSCs and its expression in their progeny.


Taking the example of front-edge deformation body of Wangjialing landslide of Xingshan County,Hubei Province,this paper analyses the formation conditions and genetic mechanism of dilative soil landslides and considers that the atmospheric precipitation and good air-touching conditions are the external factors of the landslide deformation while the strong water affinity and the property of becoming soft when it meets water to weaken the shearing strength of the landslide belt soil are the internal factors.The analytical results can be used for reference for the similar project.


Abstract. Four topics are covered: the circumstances under which state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are more effective than private firms; the different approaches to modelling public and private firms; the performance of SOEs; and strategies including privatization to limit their more damaging effects. It is argued that ideological or development motives are important in their genesis, but that if efficiency and innovation are key considerations the normative case for their existence is more doubtful. Various types of SOE model are identified, deriving from the variety of circumstances in which they operate, and the theoretical perspective of the modeller. These include the property rights school, the public choice tradition, neoclassical, behavioural and budget maximizing approaches. All models assume the existence of monitoring problems, created by informational asymmetry. The consequences can include high non-pecuniary benefits for managers, a concentration on monitored activities, and lower innovation levels and efficiency than private firms. Curiously this is not necessarily reflected in higher prices or costs. Possible remedial strategies include a change of ownership, a change of objectives, the introduction of incentive-compatible payment schemes, improved performance indicators and privatization.


SUMMARY

The results of administering the LMJMPI to 280 normal children and 91 clinic children of 8–12 yr of age are reported. The analysis gave rise to two dimensions of personality which can be identified as neuroticism and extraversion and are completely independent of each other. The findings also show the ability of the LMJMPI to distinguish the clinical group from normals, even when used on a young population of 8–12-yr-old children. This suggests that the LMJMPI retains its reliability and validity when used with the younger children, and shows a reliable degree of concordance with psychiatric classification.


A polarographic (dc and DP) study of the electroreduction of the s-triazine derivative atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6- isopropylamino-s-triazine) on mercury electrodes is performed in the acidity range 2.25 M H 2 SO 4 to pH 5. Above this last pH value no signals were obtained. In DP polarography, two main two-electron reduction peaks were observed, accompanied by a pre-peak, at less negative potentials, and a post-peak, at more negative potentials, dues to the adsorption of simazine on the electrode. At pH below the protonation pK of the triazine ring (c.a. 1.7), the results showed that in a first stage, simazine suffers a cleavage of the Cl atom via a CEC process to yield a dechlorinated intermediate, which is reduced through an irreversible two-electron process, the r.d.s. being the second electron transfer. At pH > pK, a protonation of the triazine ring precedes the reduction process, this reaction being also responsible of the observed decrease in limiting current. A linear-sweep voltammetric study showed that both atrazine and propazine (2-chloro-4, 6-di(isopropylamino)-s- triazine) are adsorbed on the electrode but in less extension of simazine (2-chloro-4, 6-di(ethylamino)-s-triazine) and no compact monolayer was formed on the electrode, conversely to that was reported for the last compound.


A semiconductor seed laser was designed for master optical parameter amplifier(MOPA).A high-speed and high-current driving module and an arbitrary waveform generator were developed.A semiconductor pulse seed laser,whose peak power is more than 200 mW,pulse width is from 1.5ns to 1μs,and pulse frequency is adjustable from 1kHz to 1MHz,was obtained by using a 1.064μm QW-DFB high-power diode laser.


Using a probabilistic neural network (PNN) based predictor, this paper investigates the prediction accuracy of the time-series received signal strength indicator (RSSI) data generated over an indoor environment configured by multiple Leaky coaxial cable (LCX). In addition, it also compares the prediction results of RSSI data from the same environment but configured with the conventional monopole antenna. The results indicate that the RSSI data generated by the LCX antenna has better prediction accuracy over multi-path rich environment than that of using the conventional monopole antenna, which can be used for many linear-cell based wireless coverage.


Low soil fertility status is a dominant challenge in Ethiopian agriculture for decades. Organic amendment from different sources could help to rebuild the soil fertility status of the country. Hence, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the outcome of organic treatment and preceding crops on growth and biomass yield of clover. Four levels of organic treatments (V1= 0 t ha -1 FYM; V2 = 5 t ha -1 FYM; V3 = 2.5 t ha -1 FSB and V4 = 5 t ha -1 FYM +2.5 t ha -1 FSB) and two levels of crop rotation patterns (R1 = wheat - clover and R2 = potato-clover) were factorially arranged and laid out in a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with four replications. Plant height, number of tillers plant -1 , number of nodules plant -1 , root biomass plant-1 and above ground biomass of clover was recorded and analyzed using SAS system. The overall experimental results showed that only the main effect of organic amendment had a significant effect on the growth and biomass yield of clover. The highest total dry biomass (5.6 t ha-1) of clover was recorded at 5 t ha -1 FYM +2.5 t ha -1 FSB. The unfertilized control gave the lowest mean dry biomass (3.06 t ha -1 ) of clover compared to all other treatments. Thus, 5 t ha -1 FYM +2.5 t ha -1 FSB could be recommended for better biomass yield of clover. The finding could bridge the chronic green manure and livestock feed shortage of the district. Keywords : Clover, biomass yield, preceding crops, farmyard manure


Summary Neurotensin, aneuroendocrine peptide present ingut andbrain haspreviously beenfoundinpancreatic tumours secreting several other peptides. We report herethefirst caseofapatient withaneurotensinsecreting adenocarcinoma ofthebronchus.


At present,the cultivation and improvement for scientific research capability among college students is the basic foothold and the break-through point for cultivating innovative talents,but also an important developing theme for most Chinese colleges.Based on the analysis on the necessity and importance of cultivation for scientific research capability among college students and the facts of the particularity of medical colleges,this article discusses the way to effectively improve the scientific research capability among medical college students

Key words:
Medical university;  College students;  Scientific research capability;  Innovation;  Cultivation


Abstract Pargyline (N-benzyl-N-methyl-2-propynylamine), known to react stoichiometrically and irreversibly with the mitochondrial monoamine oxidase of bovine kidney, involving simultaneously the enzyme's flavin component, (Hellerman, L., and Erwin, V. G. (1968) J. Biol. Chem. 243, 5234–5243), has been shown to inactivate by forming a stable adduct with the flavin residue. Thus, the reaction of pargyline with an equivalent quantity of oxidase produced "bleaching" of the flavin at 455 nm and the appearance of a strongly absorbing species at 410 nm. Use of excess [7-14C]pargyline gave a stable 14C-protein product (1.1 residues of inhibitor bound per enzyme equivalent.) Proteolysis of the 14C-labeled protein and chromatographic fractionation of the peptides resulting revealed that most of the 14C label was associated with the fraction containing the altered coenzyme now absorbing maximally at 398 nm with a molar absorptivity of approximately 29,000 cm-1 m-1. Given here also is a procedure for the preparation of monoamine oxidase with twice the activity of the enzyme obtained previously (Erwin, V. G., and Hellerman, L. (1967) J. Biol. Chem. 242, 4230–4238). Based on estimates of enzyme concentration obtained by discontinuous titrations of the enzyme with pargyline, the respective values for the equivalent weight and the catalytic center activity (turnover) were calculated to be 109,000 and 525 for oxidation of benzylamine in air at pH 7.6 and 37°.


An effective method of managing water pipelines is essential for maximizing water efficiency and preserving water quality for both human and agricultural use. The aim of this study is to determine and test such a method for large-scale water piping networks intended for irrigation. Despite the considerable efforts being made worldwide to reduce the waste of potable water, nowadays there is still no widely used technique for this purpose. The most common methodologies for the detection of leaks use acoustic emission, gas detection, various types of sensors, such as hydraulic pressure and temperature. Unfortunately, these methods present critical issues and are difficult to apply on a large scale. This paper proposes an approach based on infrared thermography that can be associated with the use of a drone in order to reach and monitor large areas in a short time. A real time monitoring and decision support technological platform oriented towards water efficiency and the computation of hydrogeological risks has been implemented. In fact, the system integrates different detection technologies, as the Infrared Thermographic (IRT) technique is supported by the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for the inspection of buried pipelines. Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms have been used for radiometric image processing with the aim of identifying water leaks even when these are latent. In particular, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was implemented to identify leakages. As regards the calculation of hydrogeological risk, algorithms based on logical conditions have been implemented that allow to match the meteorological data and the hydrogeological risk maps of the places of interest, in order to predict the hydrogeological risk of the territory.


Electric vehicle battery chargers, solar-panel inverters, industrial power monitoring, and many other high voltage applications rely on magnetic sensors for contactless current sensing over shunt-based sensors due to inherent galvanic isolation [1–4]. Within magnetometers, integrated fluxgate (IFG) sensors provide nT resolution versus $\mu T$ accuracy of Hall sensors [1–4]. To linearize IFG response, magnetic fields are balanced out in the core using large compensation currents at high fields, making them power hungry $(\gt100$ mW for 2mT) [1,2]. Previous IFG sensors were designed for continuous operation at high sampling rates, but with long initial convergence time $(200 \mu s)$, preventing them from being duty cycled efficiently to reduce average power consumption at lower BW [2,5]. High power is prohibitive for many low-BW and coreless applications [6,7] that use an array of IFG sensors to achieve stray field rejection in order to save area, cost, and installation effort.


The study addresses the possibility of integrating some elements of the 'radical constructivist' approach to management accounting teaching. It answers the following two questions: to what extent should management accounting educators construct a 'radical constructivist' foundation to guide active learning? and in which ways can management accounting educators use qualitative methods to facilitate 'radical constructivist' education? The study uses a teaching cycle that implements innovative learning elements, e.g. learning from ordinary people, designed following the principles of 'radical constructivism', to engage students with 'externalities' at the center of their knowledge construction. It adopts an ethnographic approach comprising interviews and participant observation for the data collection, followed by the application of qualitative content and narrative analysis of the data. The study findings and reflections illustrate that the majority of students respond positively to radical constructivist learning if the educators can develop an innovative problem-solving and authentic environment that is close to their real lives. The radical constructivist teaching cycle discussed in this study has challenged the mind-sets of the management accounting students since it altered the traditional objectivist academic learning approaches that students were familiar with. Its use of qualitative methods facilitated active learning. Student feedback was sought as part of the qualitative design, which provided a constructive mechanism for the students and educators to learn and unlearn from their mistakes. This process enriched the understanding of learners (students) as well as educators of successful engagement in radical constructivist management accounting education and provides a base upon which to design future teaching cycles. The paper provides proof of the ability of accounting educators, as change-agents, to apply radical constructivist epistemology combined with multiple qualitative research methods by creating new constructive learning structures and cultures associated with innovative deep-learning tasks in management accounting education.


Reading fiction is a silent activity, where readers come to know imaginary worlds and characters from the book's pages. However, we perceive the natural world with more than our eyes, and literature should be no different. Thus, an embodied reading experience is proposed, adding sound effects and haptic feedback to allow readers to listen and feel the narrative text. This paper presents a preliminary prototype for multisensory narratives and an experimental methodology to measure embodiment in literature. Results for the subjective assessment of immersion and user experience from 15 participants in three modalities: haptic, sound, both combined are discussed.


The file associated with this record is under embargo for 3 years following publication. The full text may be available through the publisher links above.


(54) METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ANTIALIASED OTHER PUBLICATIONS PROCEDURAL SOLID TEXTURING Barad et al., "Real-Tiem Procedural Texturing Techniques Using MMX", May 1, 1998, Gamasutra.* Gardner, Simulation of Natural Scenes Using Textured Quadric Surfaces:, 1/84, ACM, pp. 11-20.* Rhoades et al., "Real-Time Procedural Textures', 6/92, ACM, pp. 95-100.* Mirho, "Procedural Textures Bring Nature to Internet Explorer 4.0", 1/98, Microsoft.* Musgrave et al., "The Synthesis and Rendering of Eroded (75) Inventors: John C. Hart, Pullman, WA (US); Stephen A. Tibbitts, Roy, WA (US); Terrence J. Coleman, Federal Way, WA (US)


It is very important to develop a guide robot for the visually impaired people with the hope of welfare reform. Lest the visually impaired people fall down by the step or have a collision with a street tree, the guide robot must guide them safely. A 3-dimensional map where various obstacles and steps have been recorded is necessary for the guide robot. In this study, 3-dimensional occupancy gird map concerning the unleveled ground was made with a measuring device composed of a servo motor and a laser range finder. Small stones, grass, and a tree branch and so on were expressible on the 3-dimensional map. The standard deviation value on the map, i.e. the void ratio above the uneven ground, can indicate whether the guide robot for the visually impaired people can go into the measured place. Even if the each measured area is small, the maps can combine to create the wide field map. We have been able to make 3-dimensional occupancy grid maps which are useful to guide the visually impaired people.


Objective:To analyse the root canal curvature frequency,position,direction and degree of the maxillary first molars.Method:80 randomly selected first maxillary molars were used in the study.Radiograph of teeth in buccolingual and mesiodistal directions with 15-20# reamers in root canals was calculated and analysed by Photoshop 6.0 .Result:Lingual root canals of first maxillary molars showed no curvatures.Distobuccal root canals were 80% curved in mesiodistal direction and 45% in buccolingual direction.The curvature was in the middle 1/3 region and the curvature degree in mesiodistal direction was significant different with that in buccolingual direction(P0.05).MB1 root canals were 82.5% curve in mesiodistal direction,and 77.5% in buccolingual direction .There is no difference of curvature degree in the two directions.MB2 root canals were found by the rate of 35% and were 91% curved in mesiodistal direction and 83% in buccolingual direction.Conclusion:Majority of the four root canals of first maxillary molars have curvatures at various degree in mesiodistal and buccolingual directions,The second curvatures of them were also different .


What looked at first like mere alcoholic tremulousness exploded into full blown delirium tremens the morning after admission. He trembled and sweated and shook the bed, cursing in the tongue of the great Simon Bolivar as little green men descended upon him like so many furies to pinch and torment him. He recovered in the hands of a house staff all too familiar with his condition and accustomed to administer routinely lorazepam and intravenous fluids; potassium, magnesium, and phosphate as needed; and strong leather restraints within the limits prescribed by medical lawyers and …


1. What are the four reasons that the author gives for learners' failure to achieve a high level of grammatical competence? 2. Summarize the six aspects of SLA research that support grammar instruction? 3. Where and when should grammar be taught in the EFL/ESL curriculum? Why? 4. The author describes the kind of activities that need to be present in a unit to support grammar acquisition; what are these activities?


Design of a new sense amplifier-based flip-flop (SAFF) using GDI Technique and performance comparison of proposed SAFF with existing conventional SAFF with CMOS-NAND latch SAFF and SAFF with CMOS Symmetric latch is presented in this paper. It was found that the main drawback of existing SAFF's is the cross-coupled set-reset (SR) latch in the output stage. The new flip-flop uses a new output stage latch topology using GDI that significantly reduces power consumption and has improved power-delay product (PDP). Different topologies have been compared with respect to the number of devices, power consumption, power-delay product, temperature sustainability in order to prove the superiority of proposed design over existing conventional CMOS-NAND design. The simulation has been carried out on Tanner EDA tool on BSIM3v3 90nm technology.


Applying bibliometric statistical methods, the paper counts up the treatises on network reference service in 1998~2005 from CNKI and makes a metrology analysis on the numbers, times, organizations, areas, journals, and the characteristics of thesis.


AMERICAN UNITED STATES Civil service commission. Civil service act and rules, statutes, executive orders, and regulations, with notes and legal decisions; amended to Nov. 15, 1925. Washington: Govt. Ptg. Off., 1925. 125 p. List of publications. Dec. 1925. Washington: Govt. Ptg. Off., 1926. 2 p. Commerce department. Organization. United States Department of Commerce. (From Congressional directory, 69th Congress, 1st session, 1st edition. Dec. 1925. Reprinted for use in answering inquiries concerning organization and functions of Department). Washington: Govt. Ptg. Off., 1925. 8 p. Congress. Directory. 69th Congress, 1st session, beginning Dec. 7,1925, 2nd ed., Jan. 1926. Washington: Govt. Ptg. Off., 1925,1926. 624 p. House of Representatives. Compilation of laws relating to mediation, conciliation and arbitration between employers and employees, laws on disputes between carriers and employers. Washington: Govt. Ptg. Off., 1926. 62 p. Constitution, Jefferson's manual, and rules of House of Representatives, with digest of practice, 69th Congress. Washington: Govt. Ptg. Off., 1925. 677 p. Opium and narcotic laws; compiled by Elmer A. Lewis. Washington: Govt. Ptg. Off., 1925. 33 p. Civil service committee. Inclusion of 1st, 2d, and 3d class postmasters in classified civil service, hearings. Jan. 26, 1926. Washington: Govt. Ptg. Off., 1926. 68 p. District of Columbia committee. Employers' liability and workmen's compensation. Hearings and report on workmen's compensation in District of Columbia. Washington: Govt. Ptg. Off., 1926. 550 p. Election of President, Vice-president and Representatives committee. Proposed amendment to Constitution of United States fixing commencement of terms of President and Vice-President and members of Congress, and fixing time of assembling of Congress, hearings, 69th Cong. 1st sess., on H. J. Res. 56, H. J. Res. 164, S. J. Res. 9, Jan. 18 and Feb. 22, 1926. Washington: Govt. Ptg. Off., 1926. 26 p. Report to accompany H. J. Res. 164; submitted by Mr. White of Kansas. 9 p. Report to accompany S. J. Res. 9; submitted by Mr. White of Kansas. Feb. 24, 1926. 21 p. Immigration and naturalization committee. Immigration of relatives of citizens, hearings, 69th Cong., 1st sess., Jan. 26, 1926; statement of Coert du Bois on various bills proposing amendment of sec. 4(a) of immigration act of 1924 and statistics of visa applications at American consulates. Washington: Govt. Ptg. Off., 1926. 31 p. Insular affairs committee. Virgin Islands, hearing, 69th Cong., 1st sess., on H. R. 7183, to provide permanent government for Virgin Islands and H. R. 8517,


Formula (1) of the mono-hydroxy compound with the formula (6) of the zirconium compound is reacted zirconium catalyst manufacturing steps, and To the presence of a zirconium catalyst to a carboxylic acid of formula (2), characterized in the step of reacting a monohydroxy compound of formula (1), There is provided a process for producing a carboxylic acid ester of formula (3). R (Wherein, R R (Wherein, R Zr (OR (Wherein, R R (Wherein, R Carboxylic acid esters, zirconium catalysts


This research analyzes the personal transformation process of students in the teacher training course, from the mediation of theoretical knowledge on the relationship among teaching, learning, and human development. The goal is to investigate the influence of the set of action methods in the pedagogical activity, in the training of future natural science teachers. The issue is analyzed from the Cultural-Historical Theory, from which three aspects are highlighted: the constitution and the development of human psyche through symbolic mediation in social relationships: learning as the trigger for the development of higher psychological functions; and the importance of scientific concepts in the development of higher psychological functions in subjects. Data were collected through a field research that used questionnaires sent to students in the teacher training course of a large state university in Brazil, in classes of 2013 and 2014, and another questionnaire to the monitors of the respective groups. The analysis of data is based on the relationship between the frequency of answers and the subjects' narrative from the analysis elements: reasons and life experiences, teaching processes, contents, learning evaluation, and personal transformation. The results show the influence of the action methods in the pedagogical activity, which aims to the personal training of students and the relevance of collective and collaborative actions in the active participation of all subjects in the teaching and learning process.


Survey articles: The discretization of Volterra functional integral equations with proportional delays by H. Brunner The LPA model by J. M. Cushing A survey on oscillation of linear delay difference equations by X. Z. Qian and Z. C. Wang On almost automorphic oscillations by Y. Yi Research articles: Complex exponential Vandermonde determinant with application to discrete boundary value problem by R. M. Abu-Saris and K. I. Al-Dosary A convergence theorem related to iterative mean clustering by Y. Cao Global attractivity in a model of bobwhite quail with delay by A. Chen and L. Huang Linear time discrete periodic diffusion networks by S. S. Cheng, C.-W. Chen, and T. Y. Wu Convergence of solutions for a discrete-time system by B. Dai, X. Qian, and L. Huang Stabilities in Volterra difference equations on a Banach space by T. Furumochi, S. Murakami, and Y. Nagabuchi Periodic oscillation for a class of delay difference systems by S. Guo and L. Huang Applications of critical point theory to difference equations by Z. Guo and J. Yu Lie symmetries for lattice equations by D. Levi Global attractivity for a logistic equation with piecewise constant arguments by X. Li and Z. Wang Bounded oscillation for a class of second order neutral delay difference equations by X. Lin Asymptotic behavior in nonlinear discrete-time neural networks with delayed feedback by K. Liu and H. Zhang Asymptotic behavior and periodicity of solutions for a difference equation with piecewise constant nonlinearity by Y. Liu, L. Huang, and Z. Yuan Positive solutions of a non-autonomous delay model of single population by Y. Liu, Z. Zhou, and W. Ge Stability regions for a class of delay difference systems by H. Matsunaga Oscillation and nonoscillation results for higher-order nonlinear difference equations by M. Migda Stability of center fiber bundles for nonautonomous difference equations by C. Potzsche Bifurcation of maps and cycling in genetic systems by R. J. Sacker and H. F. von Bremen Nonoscillation and oscillation theorems for a fourth order nonlinear difference equation by E. Schmeidel On the equation $x_{n+1}=cx_{n}+f(x_{n}-x_{n-1})$ by H. Sedaghat Stability criteria for a kind of delay functional equation by C. Tian, J. Zhang, and Z. Ji Exponential stability of delay difference equations with applications to neural networks by L. Wang and X. Zou Asymptotic behavior of solutions of linear difference-differential equations with oscillating coefficients by X. Wang and L. Liao Analysis of a discrete predator-prey model by W. Wendi Oscillation for nonautonomous neutral difference equations with variable coefficients by H.-W. Wu and Y.-T. Xu Oscillation of higher-order nonlinear delay difference equations by Z. Yinggao Coexistence of multiple attractive periodic solutions in a discrete-time neural network by Z. Yuan, L. Huang, and Z. Zhou Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of positive solutions of nonlinear difference equations by R. Y. Zhang, Z. C. Wang, and J. S. Yu Periodic solutions of a class of difference systems by Z. Zhou and Q. Zhang Dynamic analysis of a discrete-time network of two neurons with delayed feedback by H. Zhu and L. Huang Open problems and conjectures: Open problems and conjectures by S. Elaydi Discretization of Volterra integral equations with weakly singular kernels by H. Brunner Nonautonomous difference equations: Open problems and conjectures by S. Elaydi On period-two solutions of $x_{n+1} =\frac{\alpha + \beta x_{n}+\gamma x_{n-1}}{A + Bx_{n}+ C x_{n-1}}$ by E. A. Grove and G. Ladas Open problems on cycling in genetic systems by R. J. Sacker and H. F. von Bremen On periodic solutions of systems of two difference equations by J. Wu.


Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is spread by contact with the patient's sputum rather than by contact with the patient himself and therefore the danger of infection diminishes with the effectiveness of the measures used in the disposal of sputum, etc. Owing to the more rigid observance of the measures of disposal of sputum in a sanatorium, the chances of infection here are less than elsewhere. Nurses when caring for tuberculosis patients for a long time are sure to get the infection. Afterwards they will behave according to: (1) whether they are tuberculin-positive


The law says schools must register the names of all actual parents if married, because they each hold Parental Responsibility for their children. Parental Responsibility never ends even if the parent no longer lives with the child, unless there has been an adoption. It is still held by each parent, even if they are separated or divorced. The law also says schools must register the names of any other person having parental responsibility for a child, BELB, NEELB, SEELB, SELB and WELB Related Information.


This work investigates the influence of TiO2 nanostructures on the anti-adhesion and photoinduced bactericidal properties of thin film composite (TFC) membranes. TiO2 nanostructures with different morphologies, nanoparticle size, and crystalline phase contents were incorporated within the membrane structure during the interfacial polymerization process. The membranes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements. Bacterial anti-adhesion tests were performed using Escherichia coli. Bacteria suspensions were incubated in the presence of the modified membranes under three different conditions (dark, UV, and visible light) with the aim to induce photoactivation of the TiO2 nanostructures. The anti-adhesion properties of the membranes were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy using a live/dead bacterial viability kit. XRD, SEM, and EDX analyses confirmed that the TiO2 nanostructures were incorporated into the membrane. This incorporation resulted in TFC membranes exhibiting excellent bacterial anti-adhesion properties, as well as marked bactericidal activity. The anti-adhesion effect can be attributed to the physicochemical properties of the modified membrane surface (mainly hydrophilicity) and the bactericidal effect on the membrane surface was attributed to the photoactivation of TiO2 nanostructures upon irradiation, mainly by UV light. The influence of the morphology and the dispersion capacities of the TiO2 nanostructures on anti-adhesion and photoinduced bactericidal properties of TFC membranes were evidenced. The incorporation of a mixture of nanoparticles and nanorods into the TFC membrane reached higher hydrophilicity, lower roughness and uniform dispersion on the surface membrane improving the anti-adhesion capability and the bacterial degradation performance upon irradiation.


The essay reconstructs the chronological details of the construction and disposal of the Teatro degli Uffizi. An extensive unpublished documentation, and a newly discovered plan of the theatre in the Archivio di Stato di Modena, bring to light hitherto unknown persons and situations. The study anticipates reflections and proposals for a structural solution that would modify the model proposed in 1975 by Ludovico Zorzi. As a foundation of these new hypotheses, the essay offers a re-reading of the Vitruvius's theories on which the florentine highly specialised technical skills were based on.


This paper describes millimetre wave (mmW) on-wafer power detection using dedicated high frequency diode junction with a cut-off frequency (fc) of 400 GHz, integrated in SiGe BiCMOS 55 nm technology from STMicroelectronics. This extraction was performed in order to develop fully integrated power detection for transistor or MMIC large signal characterisation on mmW frequency range above 110 GHz. The power detection is performed by biasing the diode in its forward regime. That allows us to obtain an adjustable voltage responsivity (ϒ) between 426 V/W and 3836 V/W at 320 GHz on the unmatched diode. In this configuration the corresponding dynamic range can be adjusted depending upon the configuration.


Solar energy is the fastest growing energy sector in the world, with growth rates of 40-50% per year. Solar energy creates the possibility of industrial use of new technologies, materials and structures of solar cells, modules and power plants. The aim of this paper is to present renewable energy sources and their use in the EU in the years 2004-2015. This paper analyzes the use of photovoltaic (PV) technology in Europe, discusses what this technology is, and the rate of its development. Also, a list of advanced countries that are actively using solar energy is given. The biggest part in renewable energy is occupied by biofuels and renewable waste. Our analysis confirmed the highest increase in the share of electricity from renewable sources in gross electricity consumption in the years 2004-2015 in Estonia (2,416.7%), Belgium (805.9%) and the United Kingdom (540%). The conducted analysis showed that Malta (1181.1%), the United Kingdom (685.8%) and Luxembourg (283.3%) achieved the highest increases in the share of renewable energy sources in heating and cooling in the years 2004-2015. In the same period Portugal (2.8%), Latvia (21.9%) and Croatia (31.3%) achieved the lowest increases in the share of renewable energy sources in heating and cooling. This paper finds a reduction in excise taxes stimulates the  demand for "green" energy. European countries have achieved very impressive results in the development of solar energy. The results are of great interest to investors, politicians and others interested in the development of PV power plants.


Network and protective current transformer designers at present are especially interested in the TPZ class current transformers. The behaviour of protective current transformers in a transient state is very important because it influences the proper functioning of the protection system. The basic problem in the design process is to accurately determine the instantaneous current error versus time. The application of field analysis to estimate the influence of the type of core construction, especially the distribution of air gaps, on the transformation errors of the TPZ class protective current transformers is presented. The transient state analysis, as well as the harmonic steady-state analysis, of protective current transformers was carried out using the field-and-circuit method. The 3D analyses were performed for the magnetic cores of current transformers with different numbers of air gaps. The computational results were compared with the test results. The presented application of the field-and-circuit method using professional software offers constructors the possibility of determining the properties for designing the protective current transformer during the design process before making the prototype. The investigation results presented enable one to estimate the influence of the number of magnetic core air gaps on the effective total length, which is of the highest importance for the design of linearised magnetic circuits, applied not just in current transformers.


The relationship among oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA integrity, and longevity continues to be without a general consensus. Here, we hypothesize that shortand long-lived birds, including the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), guineafowl (Numida meleagris), quail (Corturnix japonica), and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) differ in oxidative stress measured by blood markers and that this difference correlates with mitochondrial genomic integrity both within and among species. In preliminary studies and to establish a reference and standard for the search for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we used a combination of experimental and in silico tools for genome analysis to screen selected regions of the chicken (Gallus gallus) mitochondrial genome (mtGenome) for SNPs. A total of 113 SNPs was identified which formed 17 haplotypes. The length of the turkey mtGenome sequence developed was 16,967 bp in length, while that of the budgie was 18,193 bp. Annotation of both sequences revealed a total of 13 genes and 24 RNA (22 tRNA and 2 rRNA). Within the budgie mtGenome sequence, a duplicated control region was observed, and there was an additional nucleotide in the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 sequence of both the turkey and budgie. The total number of SNPs within the D-loop and 16S rRNA in each of the four species ranged from zero in the quail to 22 in the budgie. The new mtGenome sequences revealed that the turkey was most closely related to


This work aims to analyze the financial situation of two pharmaceutical production companies,namely the Saidal company and the Biopharm company. To achieve this objective, we have calculated the ratios using a comparative approach. The results show that both companies are profitable, solvent and liquid. However, there are performance gaps between them. In fact, the comparison of the ratios clearly shows that Biopharm is more efficient than its competitor Saidal and this on all levels (liquidity, solvencyand profitability).


Electronic component solderability is an essential capability in electronics manufacturing. It determines an electronic component's ability to be reliably and repeatably soldered onto a circuit board in an automated production scheme. However, conventional solderability assessment is a destructive test that is performed on samples only. A novel, automatic, and non-destructive method for assessing the solderability of electronic leads based on deep visual inspection (DVI) is presented. The solderability is correlated to the surface reflectance which is degrading by corrosion and intermetallic reactions. The inspected components' solderability is assessed by acquiring micro-features in images through a combined supervised and unsupervised machine learning system. The former is designed to evaluate the homogeneity of the leads and the latter is designed for assessing soldering leads by classifying them into leads with good and poor solderability, based on their apparent-age. The models are trained using multiple images of a variety of soldering leads from different ages and therefore different solderability conditions. The experimental results show that components from the same package do not have homogenous solderability. Furthermore, while the leads mostly fit their apparent-age, some have solderability corresponding to apparent-older components. This method allows for continuous real-time 100% component screening, with very high classification accuracy. The presented method paves the way for a radical improvement in manufacturing quality by assuring that only components with good solderability are used during assembly.


To improve the technical and economic parameters of the two-stage isoprene from isopentane production the authors studied the features of most energyintensive the second stage of the process – methyl butenes dehydrogenation. In particular, the influence of carbon dioxide formed during the self regeneration of the iron oxide catalyst (the reaction Ccoke + 2H2O → CO2 + 2H2), on the methyl butenes conversion and isoprene selectivity. It is established that CO2 presence in the reaction batch has a significant effect on the methyl butenes conversion: when the CO2 concentration in the feed close 1,5 wt.% the methyl butenes conversion reduced by 5–6 %. It is shown that CO2 reversibly deactivates the catalyst and if terminate it flow the catalyst activity is restored (yield of isoprene is slowly returning to its original value). The regeneration rate depends on the concentration and duration of carbon dioxide exposure. Treatment of the catalyst with steam in the absence of the reaction mixture leads to rapid regeneration of the catalyst. It is concluded that the implementation of two-step methyl butenes dehydrogenation technology whose primary purpose is to increase the methyl butenes conversion up to 35–40 %, the activities for continuous monitoring of CO2 content in the contact gas of the first stage of dehydrogenation and the selection of optimal regimes for iron oxide catalyst (temperature, the ratio of pairs: raw materials, etc.) become particularly important to reduce the catalyst carbon residue.


PURPOSE: A continuous time type chaos signal generation circuit using a voltage control variable resistance is provided to indicate the state variable of a chaos equation by controlling a consequent operational point indicating a current-voltage curve characteristic of a non-linear negative-resistance. CONSTITUTION: A variable resistor(R) serially connects to the one side of an inductor-first capacitor circuit in a cutting node. A non-linear resistor is connected to the space between the other side of the variable resistor and the other side of the inductor-first capacitor circuit. A second capacitor(C2) is connected to the non-linear resistor in parallel. The variable resistor is implemented as a MOS transistor. The variable resistor includes a control transistor connected to the both ends of the variable resistor source and drain terminals.


There is considerable controversy in the economic literature concerning whether particular government expenditures have an impact on economic growth. This study analyzes the macroeconomic magnitude of government expenditures in Armenia and Spain and evaluates whether there exists a causal relationship between government expenditures and economic growth and vice versa (Keynesian hypothesis and Wagner's Law). The study employs VAR tests to analyze annual data for the years 1996-2014. Furthermore, by utilizing Granger causality tests, the study reveals whether the government expenditures are a significant factor in economic growth in short-term perspective. Finally, IRF and FEVD tests are applied to estimate the effect of a change in particular government expenditures on GDP for twelve year time horizon. This study validates the hypothesis that some public expenditures by the Armenian and Spanish public sectors positively contribute to the growth of their economies, while social protection is negatively related to GDP.


Globalization has opened the avenues for the world to come together and attain sustainable growth. Migrant workers are a lifeline for several countries' labour forces and productivity. However, in Thailand, the rights of these migrants are restricted due to the non-ratification of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of Migrant Workers and Family Members (ICRMW). This research explores and analyzes various factors essentially responsible for the ratification of ICRMW in Thailand. The methodology adopted is the mixed method. The collected data were analyzed based on a socio-legal approach, with qualitative and quantitative tools and techniques combined: the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats (SWOT) technique was integrated into the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) (SWOT-AHP). The findings suggest that Thailand has not yet ratified the ICRMW conventions, including ILO C-87 and ILO C-98, thus depriving migrant workers of protection. They are not protected by national law and are not entitled to equal protection as nationals: for instance, foreign workers are forbidden from migrating to the established labour unions and enjoying medical benefits and salaries. All these must be consistent with the conventions, particularly the Labor Protection Act, B.E. 2541 (1998) and the Labor Relations Act B.E. 2518 (1998). The novelty of this research is the analysis of the domestic and international laws in the Thai context, which depicts the need for ratification of ICRMW to protect migrant workers and their families. The findings can pave the way for similar future research in other ASEAN member countries. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-014 Full Text: PDF


In the context of post-industrial society, an informational-semiotic approach becomes important for researchers, allowing to perceive, for example, art culture (art sphere)/art industry / art business as a unique world / Text / system, and the text of a work as a text itself, context and hypertext, forming info text. The appearance of certain documents / artifacts / information resources is associated with the activities of both the artist and representatives of other professions in the existing communicative space of art culture. In a market economy / creative economy / entertainment economy, a significant figure for "rotation" of communications in this area is the business assistant /organizer of the artist's business activity, that is, an art manager (agent, art dealer, entrepreneur, impresario, curator, promoter, producer, etc.). As a producer, using various technologies of art management (artistic, creative, organizational and managerial, including psychological, financial, economic, regulatory, marketing) in project activities, he creates demand and forms a proposal for the art market, generates, "Playing with beads" (G. Hesse) of ideas / meanings / contexts, the information world of art culture.


The study of habitation structures from a social perspective offers ample information, since the house can be understood as a kind of "microcosm" that mirrors household behaviours from which we can deduce wider social implications. The notion of "Architectural culture" as a set of cultural meanings embodied in buildings is particularly useful in this case, because household structures reflect social, economic and symbolic meanings at the family level. Is seems clear that the house, in particular the Mediterranean house, understood as a family residence, works as a complex space for socialisation processes. Among these processes we find not only family relationships and essential human life acts (birth, growth, reproduction and death) but also production, consumption, processing and even ritual activities. Archaeology allows us to identify the different uses of these spaces (as social places) whose recreation and perpetuation ensures both the family continuity and the maintenance of social order. For that reason, the study of Punic houses, by jointly interpreting container and content or, in other words, structures and household material culture, can provide interesting ideas about families as reduced unities of wider communities. Over these pages we will show how some habits reflect similar cultural behaviours in different regions (mainly North Africa and Sicily). On the other hand, several regional variations and nuances which have been identified seem to clarify the traditional discourse representing colonial communities as faithful copies of the metropolis. Although the social reading of Punic domestic architecture is still one step behind other cultural periods covered in this publication, we intend to offer a preliminary archaeological interpretive proposal in these pages. Consequently, drawing on the Levantine origins of Punic domestic architecture, we will focus on the two types of domestic structures we can find in Punic cultural contexts between the 4th and 2nd century BC. Thus, we first will analyse the so-called "court houses" or "Hellenistic type" and later the "corridor houses". Evidences of both models can be found in most archaeological sites from Central and West Mediterranean and, from our point of view, they can be attributed to different social groups. In any case, despite the incomplete information concerning the material record, by means of a detailed analyse of structures and their increasing complexity and segmentation, we can already identify correlations between domestic spatial patterns and the organisation of Punic society as a whole.


The utility model discloses an oil cylinder used for a suspension arm extension system, which comprises a cylinder barrel, a piston and two core pipe units, wherein the piston is disposed in the cylinder barrel, a piston rod of the piston extends out of the cylinder barrel, and the core pipe units are arranged between the piston and the cylinder barrel. Each of the pipe tube units includes two oil pipes arranged in an embedding manner, one of the oil pipes is disposed in the piston and communicated with oil ports arranged on the piston rod, and the other oil pipe is connected with a barrel bottom of the cylinder barrel fixedly and communicated with oil ports arranged on the cylinder barrel. Compared with the prior art, on the one hand, independent control of two-stage oil cylinders can be realized so as to avoid misoperations, and on the other hand, mutual influence between the two-stage oil cylinders can be eliminated, so that a compact structure of the suspension arm extension system is guaranteed while working reliability of the extension system and operating safety of an overall unit are improved. The utility model further provides the suspension arm extension system and a crane which apply the oil cylinder.


Quinoline scaffold are found in many natural produc ts and they exhibit remarkable biological activities like Antimalerial, antibacterial, antias thmatic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory agents  and antiobesity. 1-8 Aryl-substituted quinolines act as ligands for 5-l ipoxygenase , tyrosine kinase , leukotriene 11 and other receptors. Furthermore, polyquinolines w re shown to undergo hierarchical self-assembly into nanostructures with promising el ectronic and photonic properties. 12,13 A variety of methods such as Doebner-von Miller, Skraup, Combes, Friedlander and Knorr synthesis have been used for preparation of quinolines and their deriva tives. Therefore, the synthesis of quinoline derivatives a ttracted many researchers and various methods have been developed using a variety of cata lysts and conditions. 17-26 Among them, Friedlander annulations are one of the simplest and most straightforward protocols. This method involves a condensation and cyclization between a k etone possessing a methylene group and an aromatic 2-aminoaldehyde or ketone. However, many o f these methods have some drawbacks such as high reaction temperature (150-200 C), use of expensive catalysts and extended reactio n times. As part of our research program in developing synthetic met hodologies , herein we report, the synthesis of


Self-harm in very young people can be a clinically ominous event. While most studies to date have focused on self-harm during the teenage years, fewer studies have examined children aged 12 years or under. We aimed to estimate the incidence and correlates of recent self-harm in a population-based, non-treatment-seeking sample of primary school-aged children.

 1059 children from 43 primary schools in Melbourne, Australia were interviewed at the age of 8 years (Wave 1), and followed up annually until the age of 11 years (Waves 2-4). Interviews covered a range of physical and mental health, social, educational and family domains, including (at Wave 4) self-harm during the previous 12 months.

 At Wave 4 (mean age: 11.9 years), a total of 28 children (3%; 18 girls [3%], 10 boys [2%]) reported self-harming during the previous 12 months. When compared with children who reported no self-harm, they were more likely to report depression, anxiety, poor emotional control, frequent bullying victimisation (including online bullying), truancy, recent alcohol consumption, and antisocial behaviour during Waves 1-3. They were also more likely to report having few friends.

 Self-harm was reported by a proportion of community-dwelling children aged 11-12 years. As these children were more likely to report a range of other adverse behaviours, experiences and health conditions, clinicians should consider the possibility of prior self-harm when assessing children presenting with such behaviours and issues.

 The focus of intervention efforts aimed at preventing and reducing adolescent self-harm should extend to primary school-aged children, with a focus on mental health and peer relationships during the pubertal transition.


Experimental study had been done to investigate the complexed efficiency of the amylose-stearic acid complexes which were prepared at different acidity,crystallization temperatures,holding time and amylose-stearic acid ratio.The lipid content of complexes was detected by acid hydrolysis method,and the moisture content was detected by direct drying method,accounting the utilization of lipid and dry product yield of complexes and determining the optimum conditions.The results showed the optimum conditions to make amylose-stearicacid complexes were as followed:12 mL of the additive amount of 0.1 mol/L HCl,60 ℃ of crystallization temperature and 0.5 h of the holding time,amylose-stearic acid ratio of 10:1.


ABSTRACT This paper will first discuss how legal materials are considered to fall into two categories: primary and secondary sources. Primary sources consist of the law as produced by the three branches of government at the state and federal levels: statutes (enacted by legislatures and Congress), judicial opinions (issued by courts), and regulations (issued by administrative agencies of the executive branch). Secondary sources explain or analyze the law. Examples of secondary sources include treatises, law journal articles, and legal practice aids such as form books and checklists. The paper will then discuss the place of grey literature in the realm of legal materials, within the context of grey literature as defined by Taryn L. Rucinski in her 2015 Law Library Journal article "The Elephant in the Room: Toward a Definition of Grey Legal Literature," and, to a lesser extent, less scholarly writings. The third part of the paper will discuss the challenges of discoverability of various types of grey legal materials. The paper will conclude by considering potential options for enabling discoverability of grey legal literature.


The electrophilic amination of nitrogen-based nucleophiles, including strong organic bases, was conducted in an Et2O solvent using O-(mesitylenesulfonyl)hydroxylamine. Aliphatic tert-amines and N,N,N'-(trialkyl)amidines rapidly formed precipitates of the corresponding aminated salts in high yields. The amination of the highly basic and sterically hindered N,N,N',N',N″-(pentaalkyl)guanidines was achieved under modified conditions, although the yields were moderate because of a competing side reaction caused by the acid-base equilibrium.


Objective:To establish an HPLC method for determination of SMZ and TMP in Compound Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Tablets.Methods:SMZ and TMP in the tablets were determined by HPLC with a Kromasil C 18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with UV detection at 239 nm, and the mobile phase was consisted of methyl alcohol-water-acetic acid glacial-triethylamine(225∶345∶0.5∶0.2), the flow rate was 0.7 ml/min.Results:SMZ and TMP in compound sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets can be separated. The calibration curve was linear (r=0.999 4) within the range of 15~75 μg/ml for SMZ, the average recovery was 99.4% with repeatability precision RSD was 0.8% (n=6). The calibration curve was linear (r=0.999 2) within the range of 3~15 μg/ml for TMP, the average recovery was 99.1% with repeatability precision RSD was 0.6% (n=6).Conclusion:The method is simple, quick and accurate with the high sensitivity and is suitable for the quality control for SMZ and TMP in compound sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets.


Electric, hybrid and fuel cell vehicles have attracted significant attention in the past decades due to the exhaustion of fossil fuel consumption and their environmental concerns. Electric vehicles use electronic subsystems—in comparison to conventional vehicles, which include electric machines, power electronics, electronic continuously variable transmissions (CVT), onboard chargers, and embedded powertrain controllers. Advanced energy storage systems, such as Li-ion batteries, ultra-capacitors, and fuel cells, together with intelligent energy management algorithms, are introduced in the next generation powertrains. In addition to these electrification components or subsystems, conventional internal combustion engines (ICE), mechanical and hydraulic systems may still present. As a result, the complexity of new powertrain designs and dependence on embedded software is a cause of concern to automotive research and development efforts. This leads to an increasing difficulty in predicting interactions among various vehicle components and systems.Therefore, the design and implementation of the mechanical and electrical components need to be considered carefully. In order to understand the difficulty and prospected challenge of the vehicle electrification, this Special Issue is a review of the state-of-art contributions and new discoveries in the field of power electronics and applications for the electric vehicle.


This report presents the application of an artificial neural network (ANN) for analysis of the traffic capacity of a telephone line. The objective of this paper is to forecast the network capacity (traffic) of a telephone line and identify traffic flows for the network in Shah Alam and Petaling Jaya. In this project, the back propagation ANN algorithm of has been chosen to train and test the data. The back propagation technique is selected since a large number of researchers have used it for many applications and reported its successful results in numerous technical conferences. Inputs of the analysis are weekday, weekend, public holiday and weather. A network with three and four inputs is tested and results obtained are compared in terms of analysis errors.


Vehicle edge computing (VEC) is expected to be widely used in 5G wireless network in the future owing to its low latency, high reliability, and easy deployment. Unfortunately, the computation resources of roadside units (RSUs) equipped with computing ability are limited, which makes us need to seek other computing nodes. In this article, we explore an offloading model to meet this challenge. Future vehicles equipped with computing abilities can provide VEC services in vehicular fog networks (VeFN), which greatly reduces task delay and improves the efficiency of transportation system. We consider that a package consisting of several tasks is offloaded to vehicles with different computing abilities via multicast, and these vehicles process tasks at the same time. First, we use the mathematical method to construct the system utility function, aiming to obtain low delay and low computing cost, and produce a 0–1 programming problem with inequality constraints. We then solve the slack form of the primary problem based on the interior point method. Finally, a low-complexity algorithm is proposed to optimize the task delay and cost. Numerical results show that the algorithm has fast convergence speed and superior performance.


Agreement between the United Mexican States and the Republic of Bolivia on cooperation to combat drug trafficking and drug dependency. La Paz, 6 October 1990


Tropical coasts face unprecedented sustainability challenges for advancing human welfare and maintaining ecosystem functioning and diversity. These coupled social–ecological processes exist within interdependent relationships across multiple levels and scales. Reflection is needed on the knowledge tropical marine science generates to advance a research agenda for sustainability. In this article we systematically review 753 social and natural science articles conducted within the tropical coastal marine sector. Our results are organized in five themes. (1) The spatial distribution and disciplinary composition of research is not homogeneous across regions. (2) A third of all research lacks a stated problem orientation and coral reefs dominate the ecosystem focus. (3) Research is primarily conducted on selected subgroups of levels and scales. (4) The social and natural sciences focus on a varying diversity of system processes that indicate different degrees of inter‐ and intradisciplinary research. (5) Statistically clustered terminology usage across all articles indicates that distinct research communities exist across a social to natural science gradient. The social and natural sciences generate different types of knowledge associated with terminology at different scales. This analysis attempts to provide a guidepost for discussing the challenges and pathways forward to progress a sustainability agenda in tropical marine science.


In this study, we report on the ability of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica W29 to produce an extracellular melanin‐like brown pigment at high yield (0.5 mg/ml) in culture medium supplemented with L‐tyrosine. This pigment has been characterized as pyomelanin and its synthesis was found to occur by the so‐called HGA‐melanin pathway. The purified pyomelanin was found embedded with antioxidant properties as it exhibited a radical scavenging activity toward 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with IC50 of 230 μg/ml. It was also characterized as noncytotoxic toward two mammalian cell lines, namely the mouse fibroblast NIH3T3 and human keratinocytes HaCaT. When blended with different commercial sunscreens, the purified pyomelanin increased significantly the sun protection factor (SPF) value, highlighting its potential utilization as UV‐filter in cosmetic preparations.


Numerous efforts have been made to explain the underlying mechanism of bronchial asthma by attempts to reproduce similar symptoms in guinea pigs. Almost invariably the process has involved the introduction of antigenic substances into the respiratory tract of sensitized guinea pigs whose symptomatic and immunological behavior has then been noted. The results of these experiments, briefly summarized, are as follows:
 When normal guinea pigs were exposed to suitable antigenic substances in the form of vaporous sprays, they apparently could be readily sensitized, for if subsequently injected intravenously with the antigen, they suffered anaphylactic symptoms. This was demonstrated first by Busson (1), and later by others (2) (3).
 In contrast to this, guinea pigs that were sensitized no matter by what route, and later exposed to vaporous sprays of the sensitizing antigen rarely suffered anaphylactic symptoms on such contact, and then only when supplementary procedures were carried out.


Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) screening should be performed continuously at the primary care level in order to prevent disabling complications. Due to the high prevalence of undiagnosed T2D in the Republic of Uzbekistan, a decision was made to implement a nationwide screening program for T2D. Objectives The current study, taking into account the limited resources of Uzbekistan's health care system, aimed to offer the most effective, simple, and economical option required for the actual implementation of regular T2D screening in the country's primary care. Methods The screening was conducted from December 2018 to March 2019. There were four different scenarios, which differed in terms of eligibility criteria and the methodology adopted for detecting dysglycemia. Results A total of 2,430 patients were examined in four months. The T2D diagnosis was established by an endocrinologist in 9.3% of the cases with one eligibility criterion and 15.9% of the cases with three eligibility criteria. The diagnosis of T2D was established by an endocrinologist in 11.7% of the cases with HbA1c screening and 13.5% of the cases with glucose screening. Conclusions The screening was feasible in Uzbekistan only in limited conditions. The reasonable strategy was found to be the screening for incidental glycemia in all patients with at least one T2D risk factor. It was recommended that patients with incidental glycemia ≥ 7.8 mmol/L should be tested for fasting glycemia.


A preliminary petrological study of the Toolachee Formation in three Cooper Basin wells indicates that the intensity of diagenetic changes in the sandstones is the main factor influencing reservoir quality. Reduction of primary porosity occurs as a result of silica cementation as quartz overgrowths, dissolution of quartz grains forming microstylolitic grain contacts, authigenic clay mineral formation accompanying breakdown of chemically unstable grains, and cementation by siderite. Secondary porosity is erratically developed as a result of dissolution of some unstable grains particularly in rocks showing an advanced state of diagenetic alteration. High permeabilities are obtained only from those sandstones where significant primary porosity is still retained. Removal of chemically unstable grains during diagenesis has resulted in the formation of mineralogically mature sandstones, which consist almost entirely of quartz and clay minerals. The only other detrital components present are chemically resistant minerals such as muscovite or rock fragments composed of these resistant minerals. A relatively simple relationship of increasing intensity of diagenetic processes with increasing depth of burial may exist for the Toolachee Formation in the Cooper Basin.


The GB retail energy market, and Ofgem's regulation of it, have been controversial. In 2014 Ofgem asked the CMA to investigate. Its Provisional Findings of July 2015 take a similar approach to that of Ofgem since 2008. Both find weak customer response allowing unilateral market power, and support various regulatory interventions. The specific characterisation of the CMA's benchmark well-functioning market, with its requirement that firms have efficient costs, seems attributable to Ofgem. Possible reasons for similarities include Ofgem's involvement in the process before the CMA reference, policies of previous Governments including an initial strategic Steer to the CMA, and the increasing influence of behavioural economics especially via the OFT. Now the present Government has put in place a new Steer, without emphasis on consumer behavioural issues and with strong emphasis on deregulation rather than regulation. Experience and thinking about behavioural economics also continue to evolve. The paper discusses implications for the CMA.


Teacher and peers provide students with multiple learning support that promote social and academic engagement. How to provide appropriate support to student learning is one of focus in lesson study for learning community (LSLC). LSLC emphasizes on reciprocity among student and also between teacher and children. This paper aims to identify profile of learning support during LSLC and analyse the impact of post-lesson discussion to learning support. Research method used in the study is descriptive qualitative. The study was carried out in science lesson which consist of three different science topics. Samples were collected through three videotaped LSLC cycle and those are analysed qualitatively. Required data in this study were field note, transcript of research lesson and transcript post-lesson discussion. The findings in this paper illustrate that during LSLC are 1) post-lesson discussion affect to teachers' initiative in organizing learning support 2) teachers' support influence how student provide support to their peers.


In 2010 the formation of the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network brought together the two premier children's hospitals in New South Wales to form the largest network of children's services in Australia, offering a wide range of world class care for children and their families. While many of the clinical services have worked steadily together to ensure optimal outcomes for children and their families, up until 2014 the education teams facilitating the newly registered nurses worked independently. The education teams at both sites recognised that paediatric nursing is a complex entity with numerous specialties requiring in-depth knowledge about physiological, psychosocial and developmental variances across an age range of 0-18years (Taylor, 2006). However the program content, participant expectations and tools for assessment, while similar were not equitable. Paediatric nursing is a relatively small specialty, and nurses undertaking development in this area should have the same knowledge, skills and professional expectations. Imagine if novice paediatric nurses were taught the same way, used the same documents and were assessed similarly. Transferability for employment would be easier and more importantly, care for children and families could be both contemporary and consistent. This presentation will provide an overview of how the collaboration of two education teams aspiring to provide an optimal learning environment, has led to a comprehensive education program. The educators will demonstrate how working from newer insights of attainment of clinical knowledge (Benner, Tanner & Chelsa, 2009) has led to the development of standardised theoretical content, support mechanisms and tools to assess and show case clinical development for a first year registered nurse.


This project was focused on a participatory methodology, which since its inception sought to recognize and develop a communications product that would allow strengthening community process and social change within the community development district Luis Carlos Galan, III sector fourth municipality of Soacha, the same time perceiving communication as a key factor , as this creates a fundamental contribution in strengthening ownership culture and traditions of the community and consolidating a process and a collective work.


Abstract The paper describes a modification (RIPT2) of an earlier described, passive Rocky Intertidal Plankton Trap (RIPT1) to be used in exposed rocky shores. The trap is light, simple to build, easy to install, and inexpensive. It aims to evaluate and integrate over time the mero- and holoplankton arriving to the rocky shore. A set of 3 RIPT2 and 3 RIPT1 traps were tested, over a period of 3 days, on an exposed horizontal rocky platform at El Eden, Antofagasta, Chile. RIPT-flowmeters permitted an approximation of the rate of water filtering, which was about 3 times greater (ranging from 1.48 to 1.69 m3 24 h−1) through the RIPT2 trap than the RIPT1 trap. Maximum water velocities on the intertidal platforms, determined with the use of an intertidal dynamometer, ranged between 1.64 and 3.28 m s−1. The RIPTs collected a total of 21–22 major plankton items belonging to 7–8 phyla. The individuals ranged between approximately 100 µm (bivalve larvae) and 2720 µm (Isopoda). The cumulative (over 72 h) number of planktonic organisms collected by RIPT2 was significantly greater than those collected by RIPT1 traps.


To make progress of climical research about orthopaedy and deeply realize the inferior-healthy condition;(2)To help to research the standardization of" Zheng" about the TCM orthopaedics;(3)To study on the standard of TCM treating orthopaedics disease,more over,to select the most suitable therapies;(4)To promote the international academic exchanged among TCM and world wide orthopaedics.At last ,we advise to call the experts of different areas together to establishing the qol questionnaire adapting TCM orthopaedics.


In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the study of brain connectivity in order to detect brain abnormalities and to raise awareness of brain disorders like Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In these studies, the brain connectivity network is estimated and its graph parameters are extracted to aid researchers in analyzing brain function and its disorders during various tasks. Selecting the suitable effective connectivity estimator which is able to estimate linear and nonlinear causal relationships is an important issue in accurate estimation of effective connectivity network and exploring its disorders. In this paper, we address this issue and also investigate the effect of choosing the effective connectivity estimator on detected abnormalities of effective connectivity graph of ASD subjects. Two well-known effective connectivity estimators are used: transfer entropy (TE) and granger causality index (GCI). We first simulate three different networks whose their causal connections have different linearity conditions and compare the sensitivity and specificity of TE and GCI in each case. It is shown that except in completely linear networks, TE generally outperforms GCI in terms of both sensitivity and specificity. In the next step, each of TE and GCI is applied to an EEG dataset recorded during a face processing task from two groups of healthy control (He) individuals and people with ASD. The networks estimated from the subjects of two groups are compared in terms of average degree, average path length and total clustering coefficient. It can be seen that just the average degree is significantly different (higher) in healthy subjects than in ASD patients by using both TE and GCI. So the results of both TE and GCI are in accordance with the underconnectivity theory of ASD.


The processes of an internal combustion engine are subject to cyclic fluctuations, which have direct consequence on the operational and emission behavior of the engine. Direct injection gasoline engines have fluctuations that are induced and superimposed by the flow and the injection. In stratified operation they can cause serious operating problems, such as misfiring. Currently, the state of knowledge on the formation and causes of cyclic fluctuations is rather limited, which can be attributed to the complex nature of flow instabilities.


Network coding schemes have recently been used for error control when communicating over lossy channels. However, there does not exist congestion control mechanisms in the literature that are specifically tailored for these coding techniques. This paper, for the first time, proposes Trickle, a lightweight and practical congestion control framework that is customized to meet the needs of coding. Trickle is designed based on the principle of back pressure, and maintains a novel triple-node indexed queueing structure at each node. As compared to existing back pressure protocols with perdestination or perlink queues, Trickle uses significantly fewer queues, and is thus more scalable to larger networks. Our experimental results have shown that Trickle achieves much higher throughput than IEEE 802.11b for fountain codes, network coding, as well as noncoded TCP in multihop wireless networks.


This paper firstly introduce the definition of distributed object computing technology based on CORBA.Then elaborated the architecture and Trend of development of CORBA.At last,united the application example,we explained the general steps of using development.


In France, recycling bins have been adopted in almost all the cities only in the late 90s. In spite of being already present in the most part of the European capitals, they were adopted in Paris only in 2001. Since 2000, the country has, however, made substantial progress in the separate collection of the following materials i) plastic, cardboard, metals, paper ii) glass and iii) residual waste. Given the general concern about climate change, sustainable development and global warming, the European Union has, in order to deal with these issues, produced several directives. These also include prescriptions and targets concerning the management of waste. In spite of the progresses made, current figures show, however, that France would be unlikely to reach the target set for the municipal waste recycling rate. The development of the biological treatment channel has been one of the solutions recommended by the European Union.
The aim of this thesis is to investigate and compare the different biological treatments that a municipality could implement in order to recover biodegradable waste. The comparative costanalysis of two different technologies is proposed. The technologies considered are anaerobic
digestion and mechanical-biological treatment. The analysis is developed taking a net present value approach and running, in order to account for risk, Monte Carlo simulations on the net present values calculated for the base scenario. The analysis considers 4 potential scenarios
where, apart from comparing the two technologies above, I check also for potential economies of scale. This is done allowing for the adoption of each of those technologies by
two municipalities rather than only one (base case scenario).
The results of the cost-analysis revealed that anaerobic digestion, when adopted at a larger scale, is likely the most cost-effective technology. Narrowing the scope, I observe that, in general, anaerobic digestion, irrespective of the scale, is as cost competitive as it is a facility
using a mechanical-biological treatment with a small capacity. To stress the solidity of my results, I have done a sensitivity analysis, which provides useful information for ranking different projects under uncertainties. Based on my model, I found that the results obtained by the cost-analysis were confirmed with the sensitivity analysis. This means that allowing certain parameters varying do not change the results of my cost-analysis and the conclusions
are still valid.


We have found that encapsulated thin Si films, adjacent to SiO2, are dissolved at elevated temperatures by a reaction: Si+SiO2→2SiO, with SiO diffusing through the silica network. The presence of SiO in SiO2 in a concentration ≤3 at. % has a profound effect on thermomigration of dopant impurities in the oxide. We propose a model for transport of As‐, Sb‐, P‐, and Ge‐rich precipitates, 50–1000 A in diameter, based on a reaction between SiO2 and the precipitates that is mediated by a catalytic influence of SiO molecules. Only in the presence of SiO are the bonds in the SiO2 network broken ahead of the drifting clusters and regrown behind them. The model predicts that the migration of precipitates is controlled by diffusivity of SiO in silica, consistent with the narrow range of drift velocities for clusters of different chemical compositions. The data also suggest that SiO2 dissociation at the Si/SiO2 interface is diffusion limited, which explains why decomposition of thin SiO2 in vacuum is spatially inhomo...


There were many Koguryeo figures who moved over to Tang, after the fall of Koguryeo. Among them, examined in this article are those who assumed Chinese last names, and argued that they actually originated from China. Since the 5 th century, many Chinese[漢人] figures appeared in the highest echelons of the Koguryeo leadership, so we should not dismiss the refugees' aforementioned arguments as intentions to falsely present genealogical facts. At the same time, we should also be aware that the sense of admiration[慕華] (of Chinese civilization) displayed in the tomb epitaphs in the Tang era may have been -in some cases anyway- part of a deliberate strategic choice on the part of the house whose family member was buried in the tomb in question which would have had to integrate a level of political and social 'decoration' of facts in the contents of the tomb epitaph meant for the deceased. So it is rather hard to extract their true identity from genealogy records of this sort. And the fact that one displayed a sense of Chinese admiration or seemingly falsified its origin as a Chinese should not be considered as a reason to rule one out from the 'Koguryeo refugee' category. Considering all this, some Koguryeo refugees who moved over to Tang and claimed their 'Chinese heritage' should be examined as part of the former Koguryeo population who were on the move at the time.


Highly polar ammonium ylide intermediates derived from α-halocarbonyl compounds were successfully trapped by cycloalkane phase-tagged activated alkenes via a cycloalkane-based thermomorphic (CBT) p...


Localities are at the basis of any nation. Among the most important public service that citizens of these localities have the right to be provided with is energy service, especially district heating. Security of energy supply, mitigation of energy impact on environment, and energy service affordability are the main challenges for all national and local authorities. Present paper tries to discuss the role of energy efficiency at local level in the effort to solve these issues and proposes to introduce and promote proper long term policies where energy efficiency would have a top position. The importance of such an approach in Romania is clearer in the perspective of energy market complete liberalization that will be finished at the end of 2017 for all residential customers and – consequently - the danger of energy poverty increase will be highest. Local authorities have to cope with this situation and react properly.


A digraph is locally semicomplete if for every vertex x, the set of in-neighbors as well as the set of out-neighbors of x induce semicomplete digraphs. Let D be a k-connected locally semicomplete digraph with k ' 3 and g denote the length of a longest induced cycle of D. It is shown that if D has at least 7(k i 1)g vertices, then D has a factor composed of k cycles; furthermore, if D is semicomplete and with at least 5k + 1 vertices, then D has a factor composed of k cycles and one of the cycles is of length at most 5. Our results generalize those of (3) for tournaments to locally semicomplete digraphs.


Epstein's book is part of the recent American trend to elaborate comprehensive theories of liability, allegedly based upon rational foundations.' The title of the book aptly conveys the author's central concern. As a theory of strict liability, it stands opposed to the common law principle of fault (negligence). As an attempt to reformulate tort law, it strives to maintain the latter as a system of 'corrective justice', in opposition to the modern economic approach, with its pronounced utilitarian features. The author is, therefore, confronted with a triple task: to offer a critique of the traditional negligence principle, to develop his own systematic theory of tort liability, and to demonstrate its superiority over alternative modern economic theories. The need to conduct a kind of two-front war against diametrically opposed systems weakens the thrust of the author's intellectual efforts. The abrupt changes of front, as arguments shift, is often confusing for the reader and the author himself is finally induced to admit that his opposition to the two rival systems is by no means of equal intensity. In his final comments he states, indeed, that, as against the economic theories, the similarities between the common law of negligence and his system of strict liability are perhaps more important than the differences and, thereby suggests that the bulk of cases will be decided in the same way under either system. If the choice between the two systems, therefore, comes down to a few cases, why then the whole considerable effort?