In this paper, we invented the optimization experiment design of a 22 nm gate length NMOS device which uses a combination of high-k material and metal as the gate which was numerically developed using an industrial-based simulator. The high-k material is Titanium dioxide (TiO2), while the metal gate is Tungsten Silicide (WSix). The design is optimized using the L9 Taguchi method to get the optimum parameter design. There are four process parameters and two noise parameters which were varied for analyzing the effect on the threshold voltage (Vth). The objective of this experiment is to minimize the variance of Vth where Taguchi's nominal-the-best signal-to-noise ratio (S/N Ratio) was used. The best settings of the process parameters were determined using Analysis of Mean (ANOM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to reduce the variability of Vth. The results show that the Vth values have least variance and the mean value can be adjusted to 0.306V ±0.027 for the NMOS device which is in line with projections by the ITRS specifications.


The invention is suitable for the technical field of networks, and provides a network download method and device. The network download method comprises the following steps: acquiring a website sent by a client side; extracting download information corresponding to the website, wherein the download information includes download link and description information of a source contained in a webpage corresponding to the website; and returning the download information to the client side so as to enable the client side to download according to the download information. According to the invention, a server side is used for completing sniffing and analyzing of a download address in the website, when a user needs to download sources in the website, the download address contained in the website can be obtained by the server side for downloading, and a user does not need to afresh upgrade download software, so that the user download process is greatly simplified, and the user download experience is improved.


Network security situation awareness is vital important for network security supervision. In order to obtain the network security situation effectively, a multidimensional assessment method is proposed in this paper. The method is composed of three dimensions at different levels, namely vulnerability, threat and basic operation, with quantitative calculation method for each index. In the service layer, CVSS standard is adopted to assess the vulnerability situation, and simplified DREAD model is chosen for the threat situation. In the node layer, the vulnerability situation in the service layer is added with a weight, the threat situation in the service layer is accumulated according to attack paths based on Markov model, and the basic operation situation is evaluated by DS evidence fusion of several host and network performance index. In the network layer, each situation equals to weighted summation of corresponding situation in the node layer. Experimental results show the ease of use of this method, and multi-dimensional situation depicts the overall safety evolution process of network system accurately and intuitively.


This chapter discusses the basic properties of Preposition Reduplication (P-reduplication) in Modern Icelandic and shows how they can be accounted for under Nunes' theory of the linearization of chain links, assuming that prepositions can be reanalyzed after movement to a functional head position within the extended Pied Piping (PP). It presents further data from Old Icelandic supporting the proposed analysis. However, the PP is excluded in relative clauses in Icelandic and so is P-reduplication. The historical relation between the P-reduplication and P-stranding also seen in Swedish. P-reduplication is conditioned by movement of the preposition to a head position within the functional layer of the PP where the preposition is reanalyzed as part of a word. The highest copy of the preposition and the reanalyzed copy are phonetically realized. The proposed analysis has also been argued to explain why any grammar allowing P-reduplication must also allow P-stranding but not vice versa. Keywords: extended Pied Piping (PP); Modern Icelandic; P-stranding; preposition reduplication (P-reduplication)


Disclosed is a packed, highly compressed cuboid-shaped filter tow bale, the top side and bottom side of which are free from nuisome curvatures or constrictions. Said bale is characterized by the factthat a) the bale has a packing density of at least 300 kg/m , b) the bale is entirely wrapped in a mechanically self-supporting, elastic packing material which is provided with one or several convectively airtight connections, and c) the top side and bottom side of the bale are so flat that a flat plate which fully covers the bale can be pressed onto the top side of the bale via a centrally effective normal force of 100 N and at least 90 percent of the surface of the top side of the bale, which lies within the largest rectangle that can be inserted by vertically projecting the bale onto thepressed plate, has a maximum distance of about 40 mm from the flat plate when the unopened bale is placed on a horizontal plane. A particularly suitable method for producing said bale comprises the following steps: a) filter tow is supplied in a compressed form; b) the compressed filter tow is enveloped in a wrapping; c) the wrapping is closed in an airtight manner; and d) the wrapped bale is relieved of the load. The wrapping of such a bale is largely prevented from bursting as a result of the prevailing internal pressure. The inventive bale has an ideal cuboid shape such that curvatures negatively affecting the bale during transport or constrictions hampering the behavior of the filter tow are largely prevented from occurring.


Why choose this novel for ecocritical investigation? Connections,
that's where an ecocritic begins. Thematically the novel
investigates how representations, from the Vedas to 'Sting',
connect with, and influence actions in the material world. Extratextually
(outside the novel) Aravind Adiga, the author of The
White Tiger (2008), was born in Madras, in 1974. And as the
target readers for this essay are students situated in Chennai, this
novel seems likely to stimulate students' interest because of its
author's place connections. On a practical note, a book by an
Indiar, author of international fame (the novel won The Man Booker Prize in 2008) is likely to be available in Chennai. In
keeping with accessibility for the students, and with the. novel's
mischievous use of technology and web connections (see http://
www.whitetiger-technologydrivers.com/) this essay will include:
source information from the internet. In addition, Adiga has
Australian citizenship, which is where I come in. Connections.
Interrelationships. Interdependencies. Ecocriticism, then,
encourages connections between regions, histories, cultures,
languages and so on, but always, it examines the way in which
'nature' is represented.


The contents and structure of IEEE 344-1973: "Guide for Seismic Qualification of Class I Electric Equipment for Nuclear Power Generating Stations" are reviewed. Important new requirements and concepts introduced during the recent revision of this Guide are discussed in the context of evolving qualification methods. It is suggested that this paper be studied in combination with IEEE 344-1973. This will contribute towards the standardization of acceptable methods of qualification.


Objective To evaluate the current status of root caries among elderly people in Liaoning province,and to provide basic material to formulate suitable oral health plan for them. Methods From September 2005 to September 2006,792 elderly people,50%~50% male-female,from 65 to 74 years old,were selected by multi-stage,stratified and random sampling.The data were collected by oral examination and the subjects were selected randomly from Shenyang,Jinzhou,Wafangdian,Liaozhong,Yixian and Dengta,132 residents in each area. Then choose randomly half of the elderly for face to face oral behavior questionnaire(with 396 valid questionnaires recycled),and the results were processed using statistical analysis. Results About 18.69℅ had root caries and among them 2.70% completed treatment. The mean number of root caries was 0.36. The prevalence and the mean number of urban and rural area were 19.95℅ and 17.42%,0.40 and 0.32 respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P 0.05). The prevalence of males and females was 16.67℅ and 20.71%,but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P 0.05). According to the results of regression analysis,smoking(β =-1.58),sugary foods(β =0.46),brushing frequency(β =0.53),toothpaste species(β =0.37)and dentist fee payment(β =0.67) had great influence on senile root caries among elderly people in Liaoning province (P 0.05). Conclusion At present,the work of Liaoning oral health care still has many defects and deficiencies,root caries hasn't caused the people's much attention.


1. The penetration of gentamicin in aqueous humor after different routes was investigated in 60 patients of uncomplicated senile cataract.

2. Systemic and topical administration of aminoglycoside did not produce detectable levels of the drug in aqueous humor.

3. The antibiotic appeared in aqueous humor after 15 minutes of administration by subconjunctival route and maximum concentration (Cmax) was attained at 1 hour. The effective concentration of the drug was detected for as long as 18 hours after subconjunctival injection. .


Data visualizations are used to communicate messages to diverse audiences. It is unclear whether interpretations of these visualizations match the messages their creators aim to convey. In a mixed-methods study, we investigate how data in the popular science magazine Scientific American are visually communicated and understood. We first analyze visualizations about climate change and pandemics published in the magazine over a fifty-year period. Acting as chart readers, we then interpret visualizations with and without textual elements, identifying takeaway messages and creating field notes. Finally, we compare a sample of our interpreted messages to the intended messages of chart producers, drawing on interviews conducted with magazine staff. These data allow us to explore understanding visualizations through three perspectives: that of the charts, visualization readers, and visualization producers. Building on our findings from a thematic analysis, we present in-depth insights into data visualization sensemaking, particularly regarding the role of messages and textual elements; we propose a message typology, and we consider more broadly how messages can be conceptualized and understood.


We investigated the kinematics of the Narrow Line Region of NGC 1068. In order to study the kinematics and to determine whether the unusual broad line width can be attributed to motion of NLR clouds in a deep gravitational potential or to expanding shocks, we carried out spatially resolved echelle spectroscopy. High spectral resolution enables the identification of individual clouds in long slit spectra even if their angular separation is much smaller than the seeing limited resolution of ground-based instruments. Most of the [OIII] line emission can be attributed to 12 clouds with an average angular separation of about 0. 3. These clouds differ in peak velocity by up to 2000 km s −1 , spanning the whole range of the integrated line profile with FWHM = 1150 km s −1. The clouds do not delineate a simple rotational velocity field. We find evidence for shocks due to the interaction of the radio jet with the ambient NLR gas. The clouds which are attributed to shocks have a width of 350 km s −1 to 600 km s −1 while clouds with FWHM 200 km s −1 seem to follow a circular velocity field. Therefore, the line width of individual clouds are an essential contribution to the integrated line width of the NLR of NGC 1068 which is not due only to gravitational forces but shocks playing an important role.


Abstract Successful biological invasion requires correspondence between invader functional traits and their utility in novel environments. We focused on specific phenological and ecophysiological characteristics of an herbaceous biennial, Alliaria petiolata, related to its successful invasion of deciduous forest groundlayers in eastern North America. We tested for phenological separation between A. petiolata and native groundlayer species during spring of its second year, when the plant accumulates 91% of its total biomass, and assessed importance of availability of high irradiance before tree canopy closure on growth and reproductive output. We experimentally shaded plants in situ during three intervals: Early: before native groundlayer was well developed (3 March–20 April), Mid: 21 April to tree canopy closure (18 May), and Late: after canopy closure to 29 May. We measured maximum photosynthetic rates (Amax) in early (13–14 April) and late (22–26 May) spring. Alliaria petiolata began rapid growth and reached maximum cover earlier than most native groundlayer species. Shading effect on plant growth and resource allocation to vegetative growth and reproduction varied depending upon timing and duration of shading. Comparison of treatments differing by being shaded or unshaded in only one of three intervals showed that unshaded plants consistently had significantly higher production than shaded plants only during the Early interval. Greatest Amax occurred in early spring (13–14 April), when ground layer irradiance was high. Success of A. petiolata in invading this community is likely related to phenological niche separation and temporal availability of resources not available to most native species in early spring.


Justification. One of the serious complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, which is associated with electrical instability of the myocardium, ventricular arrhythmias. The development of a complication in the presence of an emergency medical team requires immediate resuscitation measures, including basic resuscitation measures and defibrillation.Aim: To present a clinical case of a patient with AMI with ST segment elevation complicated by recurrent ventricular fibrillation, hospitalized in an emergency hospital with the possibility of performing invasive interventions.Methodology and methods of research. The analysis of anamnesis, electrocardiographic data of the patient, the results of coronary angiography and stenting of the coronary artery, echocardiography examination, Holter monitoring, laboratory studies was carried out.Results. Patient P., female, 81 years old, was taken to the emergency hospital 2 hours and 15 minutes after the start of the clinic. At the prehospital stage, recurrent ventricular fibrillation, stopped by repeated three defibrillations. Non-contact, twice bouts of motor arousal. The council decided to conduct coronary angiography with possible stenting of the coronary arteries immediately. It was performed by femoral access on the right in 30 minutes after hospitalization. Complete occlusion of the anterior interventricular artery was revealed. Conductor recanalization and stenting of permanent residence was performed using a drug-coated stent. In the intensive care unit, drip administration of dopamine, noninvasive ventilation of the lungs, heparin administration were continued; double antiplatelet therapy, atorvastatin, amiodarone were prescribed. Since the fourth day, a beta-blocker has been added to therapy. Physical and psychological rehabilitation was carried out. She was discharged on the 15th day in a satisfactory condition.Conclusion. Out-of-hospital cardiac death requires urgent resuscitation measures, among which defibrillation occupies a special place, as well as immediate hospitalization to a cardiology center with the possibility of performing invasive  interventions. Early rehabilitation plays an important role in the treatment of patients.


China's "12th Five-Year Plan" adopted in the fifth plenary session of 17th CPC Central Committee explicitly proposes to innovate social management,improve the CPC and government-led mechanism to protect the rights and interests of the general public,establish a comprehensive platform to mediate and resolve conflicts,and earnestly maintain social harmony and stability.The grassroots government should set its fundamental goal to safeguard and improve the livelihood of the people,normalize the mediation mechanism for grassroots social conflicts,timely establish and improve the mediation system for social conflicts,establish an early warning,prevention and mediation mechanism for social conflicts,properly handle various conflicts and promote social harmonious development.


Power supply unit (12) having a power supply means (24), a control and / or regulating device (22), a reference potential terminal (26), at least one voltage potential terminal (28) and a ground terminal (30) for grounding the power supply device (12), wherein the terminals as external terminals (26, 28, 30) of the device (12) are formed, the internally with respective outputs of the power supply device (24) via respective current paths (34, 36, 38) are connected, said apparatus (12) further comprises a having permanent or switchable device internal short-circuit current path (40) between the reference potential terminal (26) and the ground terminal (30), a detection device (44) for the continuous or quasi-continuous detection of by the short circuit current path (40) flowing current and a signal transmission path (46) signaltech the detection device (44) to the control and / or regulating device (22) cally connects.


Diagnosis and treatment of patients with complaints of the "lump in the throat" remain a complex multidisciplinary problem. This is due to the polyetiology of factors causing similar symptoms and an empirical approach to the treatment. "Lump in the throat" is one of the clinical manifestations of upper respiratory tract paresthesia. According to the literature data, there is the reason for referral to an otolaryngologist in 4.1 to 5.0% of cases.
The objective of the research was to optimize and improve the diagnosis and pathogenetic approach to the "lump in the throat" treatment.
Materials and Methods. To achieve the specified objective, a comprehensive examination of 38 patients who sought an otolaryngologist's medical advice, complaining of a "lump in the throat" at the age of 18-45 years (26 women and 12 men), was performed. For the purpose of optimal diagnostics, general clinical examination, examination of ENT organs, endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, microlaryngoscopy were performed; the condition of patients' psycho-emotional status was assessed (consultation of psychologist and psychiatrist).
Results. A comprehensive clinical study of 38 patients with complaints of the "lump in the throat" at the age of 18-45 years was performed. Psychosomatic disorders were detected in 26 patients; ENT organ diseases were present in 12 patients. All patients received treatment depending on the diagnosed somatic, otorhinolaryngological and psychosomatic pathology.


The present analysis investigates an unsteady conducting water-based nanofluid embedding with porous medium over an exponentially accelerated vertical plate. The plate is accelerated with moving ramped temperature. However, water is treated as the base fluid with Copper (Cu) and Titanium Oxide (TiO2) as nanoparticles. Effects of thermal radiation, heat source, and radiation absorption are taken care of in the energy equation which may enhance the heat transfer properties of nanofluid. The crux of the investigation is to find the closed-form solution of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations. Laplace Transform technique is employed to solve these equations. The influence of the contributing parameters for the flow phenomena, in particular, thermal buoyancy parameter, thermal radiation, heat source/sink, and Prandtl number along with others are obtained and presented via graphs. Rate of shear stress and heat transfer coefficients for the significance of physical quantities of interest are also obtained and presented through graphs. Results and discussion section is devoted which elaborates on the behaviors of these, the emerging parameters. However, augmentation in the thermal profile is observed due to the heat sink as well as the thermal radiation parameters and nanoparticle volume fraction retards the velocity distribution due to the heavier density of the Cu nanoparticles.


It is important and complex to project the security in WEB application procedure based on SQL Server database. According to the security of database, introduces the concept of SQL injection attacks, and analyses detailedly some methods of attacking, puts forward many measures to protect from SQL injection attacks in two aspects, which reduces extremely possibility of SQL injection attacks and try best to protect database.


We report here the formation of high surface area silicon carbide materials comprising whiskers and nanotubes via a synthesis route, which utilizes mesoporous silica as sacrificial solid template. The silicon carbide materials are obtained via carbothermal reduction of mesoporous silica/carbon (i.e., SBA-15/sucrose) composites. Varying the carbothermal reduction conditions (i.e., temperature or duration) readily modifies the morphology of the silicon carbide so as to obtain whiskers or nanotubes. The whiskers, which grow in the [111] direction, are achieved by subjecting the mesoporous silica/carbon composites to carbothermal reduction at high temperature (1250 or 1300 °C) for reduction periods of up to 14 h. For reduction periods of up to 14 h, using the higher temperature (1300 °C) optimizes whisker formation. The diameter of the whiskers is 50−90 nm and their length is typically greater than 20 μm. The surface area of the whisker containing SiC materials varies between 120 and 145 m2/g, while their por...


The integrated energy MG including electric heat and gas has become a significant part of energy internet. In order to reduce pollution from gas emissions and achieve the economic goal, the multiple energy storage system(MESS) is configured. It is very important to study the economic dispatch problem for an integrated energy microgrid(MG). Hence, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization scheduling model for an island MG including a MESS. This island MG consists of a wind turbine (WT), a photovoltaic battery (PV), a fuel cell (FC), an electric boiler (EB), an electric storage, (ES) a heat storage (HS) and a gas storage(GS). Minimum economic cost and environmental cost are considered as the two objectives in the operation of this multiple energy source MG system. To solve this two-objective optimization problem, the multi-objective bacterial colony chemotaxis (MOBCC) algorithm is utilized to obtain the operation modes of the micro-sources and the Pareto optimal solution set. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective and decision makers can choose the appropriate dispatch scheduling in this manner.


From a learning perspective, social semiotics researchers tend to focus on the liberation latent in the multimedia options available through the new media. It is true that digital media democratise the possibilities open to the general public of a more varied and comprehensive text production than ever before, both in and outside school. Participating in this text production naturally implies a richer potential for learning. But digital technology also allows us to opt out of, and thus avoid, semiotic work. With this as the starting point, the present article sets out to highlight the pedagogical benefits associated with the written mode, precisely in an age when the digital media are making multimodal forms of expression increasingly available to us all.


English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers are seemingly ideally placed to mediate the successful socialisation of multilingual learners into the new school environment for two major reasons. Firstly, as they have effective command of both L1 and L2 and often have experience of living abroad, they tend to exhibit higher levels of openness to new situations, empathy and understanding of the difficulties faced by multilingual learners. Secondly, the English class can itself be a platform for mutual understanding where learners are able to develop both English communication skills and intercultural competence (cf. Hopp, Jakisch, Sturm, Becker & Thoma 2020; Krulatz, Neokleous & Dahl 2022). As English is the language of instruction, it also has the potential to maintain levels of multilingual competence among those learners who already speak English as their heritage language (Banasiak & Olpińska-Szkiełko 2021), e.g. migrant children returning from the UK/Ireland. Drawing on data from a larger project (Rokita-Jaśkow, Wolanin, Król-Gierat & Nosidlak 2022), which consisted of interviewing 23 primary school EFL teachers in various contexts, this paper analyses the possible factors that impact teacher agency in the socialisation of multilinguals. It has been found that teacher agency in that respect appears to stem from teachers' plurilingual competence and prior teaching experience. Surprisingly, personal experiences of intercultural encounters (e.g. time spent living abroad) or verbalised empathy, had little impact on teacher agency. This finding implies that even language teachers find it difficult to put themselves in the position of the multilingual learner and need specialist training in order to work with multilingual learners, which may convey an important message for educational decision-makers with reference to the formulation of future teacher education guidelines and curricula.


The features of IEEE1394 is briefly introduced. A method based on 1394 is detailed which is used to transmit image data between image scan unit and image print unit of large document color copier and it has proved practical. A programming example of isochronous transmission and asynchronous transmission based on 1394 is given.


The algorithm of tracking and localizing a single rapid moving sound target, based on double five-elements-cross arrays, is presented in this paper. The four time-delay-difference values of each array can be estimated by the methods of generalized cross-correlation. And then, the azimuth angle can be calculated with the special structure of the array. The distance between the target and the center of each array can be estimated by the four time-delay-difference values in theory, however, the satisfactory estimating precision of the distance need high estimating accuracy of time delay, and this is very difficult. Therefore, the acceptable position parameter of the target can be gained by the multi- angles of multi-arrays. Double five-elements-cross arrays are placed in one area with 500*500 meters in the simulation, and the estimation error of the azimuth angle is less than 0.4 degree, and the coordinate error is less than 10 meters. The results of the simulation show the algorithm is effective and has high performance.


Research of the method of purification of technological equipment of pharmaceutical and chemical industries using a new micellar system of decontamination based on a solid hydrogen peroxide source. Methodology. Dimethoate is chosen as the model substance of a characteristic chemical structure. As a model system for determining the efficiency of the decontamination system, the process of cleaning technological equipment for the production of herbicide on the basis of dimethoate was used. To determine the concentration of dimethoate in solutions, a validated HPLC technique was used.


A bridge for communication between Japan and China, Japanese also answers the actual needs to develop foreign - oriented economy and to rationalize the foreign language educational set - up in Ningbo, therefore, to establish a Japanese specialty in Ningbo College is of great necessity. Guided by the novel foreign language teaching theory, Ningbo College will become an educational and training center for qualified Japanese talents.


We present a simple but effective method of automatically extracting domain-specific terms using Wikipedia as training data (i.e. self-supervised learning). Our first goal is to show, using human judgments, that Wikipedia categories are domainspecific and thus can replace manually annotated terms. Second, we show that identifying such terms using harvested Wikipedia categories and entities as seeds is reliable when compared to the use of dictionary terms. Our technique facilitates the construction of large semantic resources in multiple domains without requiring manually annotated training data.


Lightning has destructive effects on electrical devices as well as human body. Bonding cages are classically used for protection of structures against lightning effects. Electronic communication signals are specifically sensitive to direct or indirect lightning, which in consequence can cause serious failures and hazards especially in oil and gas industry. With the growing use of digital systems in the industry, there is a need for updating the bonding design to ensure its capability in protection of the communication signals. In this paper, a new design based on induced voltages of lightning on communication cables is proposed. A simulation was performed using commercial computer packages for calculation of direct and indirect lighting effects on signal cables with the frequency and voltage levels currently used in the industry. Various bonding arrangements simulated to evaluate the performance of the system. The results showed that the typical standard recommendations for the bonding design are not sufficient for current requirements regarding the communication signal protection. The proposed design can be used as an update of bonding design for signal protection.


The exact solutions to dispersive long-wave equations are obtained by a polynomial expansion method based on the idea of the homogeneous balance method. The method can also be applied to solving more nonlinear mathematical physical equations or equation systems.


The corrosion behaviour of magnesium alloys is not substantially comparable to other metals, such as iron, nickel and copper. It is always accompanied by hydrogen evolution. More hydrogen is evolved at a more positive potential or a higher anodic current density. The 'strange' hydrogen evolution behaviour is a common phenomenon for magnesium alloys and it is called negative difference effect (NDE). The NDE continues to receive considerable discussion.


Among the most artistically ambitious and critically successful poetic landscapes J. M. W. Turner produced in the early decades of the nineteenth century were his three paintings of ancient Carthage Dido and Aeneas (1814, Fig. 1), Dido Building Carthage (1815, Fig. 2), and The Decline of the Carthaginian Empire (1817, Fig. 3).1 These works have continued to generate critical interest among Turner scholars, who have variously sought to identify their textual sources and visual antecedents and have considered


Data coming from a real-world complex system are usually contaminated by noises or some irrelevant components, which do not contribute to improve signal classification accuracy. Also in the process of signal feature enhancement, the performance of any statistical method used to recover the original signals may be impacted by the noise. In this paper, we propose the multi-scale principal component analysis (PCA) method, which combines discrete wavelet transform with PCA for feature enhancement and signal decomposition in both spatial and temporal domains. We developed a new classification method, called empirical classification (EC), to classify the power spectra of the feature extracted signals after the multi-scale PCA procedure. These methods were applied to a publicly available EEG database for the purpose of signal classification. An overall accuracy of 99% for the classification of 500 real EEG recordings under different considered classification problems is obtained. Our results show that signal decomposition by multi-scale PCA coupled with the EC method, leads to a highly promising accuracy in classifying epileptic EEG signals.


{ital N}-layer superlattices are formed out of a periodic repetition of {ital N} different slabs. Such materials for {ital N}=3 and 4 are now easily grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. We present closed form expressions for localized and resonant transverse elastic waves associated with the surface of a semi-infinite {ital N}-layer superlattice, with or without a cap layer, and in contact either with vacuum or with a homogeneous substrate. We also calculate the corresponding Green{close_quote}s- function and densities of states. These general results are illustrated by a few applications to four-layer superlattices made of Nb-Fe-Nb-Cu and Nb-Cu-Nb-Cu. We show that increasing the number of the layers in each unit cell of the superlattice increases, in general, the number of the minigaps and surface modes. We generalize some of the results obtained previously in the case of two-layer superlattices, namely, (i) the creation from an infinite superlattice of a free surface gives rise to {delta} peaks of weight ({minus}1/4) in the density of states, at the edges of the superlattice bulk bands; (ii) by considering together the two complementary semi-infinite superlattices obtained by cleavage of an infinite superlattice along a plane parallel to the interfaces, one always has as many localized surfacemore » modes as minigaps, for any value of the wave vector {bold k}{sub {parallel}} (parallel to the interfaces). Finally, we investigate the localized and resonant modes associated with the presence of a cap layer on top of the superlattice. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}« less


Inulin was ultrasonically extracted from jerusalem artichoke tubers by enzymatic hydrolysis with both pectinase and cellulase. By using single factor and Plackett-Burman designs, temperature, ultrasonication time and enzyme dosage were found to be significant factors influencing the extraction process. The three factors were further optimized by response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were determined as a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:20(g/m L), an extraction temperature of 51 ℃, a total enzyme dosage of 120 μg/g with m(pectinase):m(cellulase) ratio = 1:4, an ultrasonic treatment time of 25 min, and a p H of 5.5. Experiments conducted under these conditions gave an inulin yield of 72.2%.


For this paper, high-temperature interactions between a reactive silicate liquid and the (001) surface of a MgO single crystal were studied. The paper discusses the influence of the morphology of the MgO surface on both the dewetting of a silicate liquid and the mechanism of precipitation of excess MgO out of this silicate liquid. Alternative pathways were considered for MgO precipitation; it may occur by nucleation and growth of plateaus on the MgO surface or by MgO absorption at surface steps. On flat MgO(001) surfaces, precipitation of MgO from the continuous layer of silicate liquid led to the formation of plateaulike precipitates. Precipitation from disconnected silicate droplets onto stepped MgO(001) surfaces resulted in the growth of ridges at steps on the surface.


The approximation of the Signorini problem with friction by mixed finite element method is studied. The relation between the continuous case and its finite dimensional discretization is analyzed.


A prediction model for penetration depth of laser keyhole welding was developed by dynamically analyzing the evolution of front keyhole wall and considering the factors,such as the power density distribution of laser beam and the plasma absorption,etc.,with which the penetration depth of an austenite stainless steel weld joined by Yb fiber laser was predicted for different welding velocities,and subsequently a comparison was made between the predicted values and experimental measurements.The model was further used to study the relationship between the penetration depth and the defocusing distance.Results show that the penetration depth predicted by the model agrees well with that of actual measurement,which increases with rising negative defocusing distance and reducing positive defocusing distance.


Ice is widely used in many fields of today's life. However, we have to pay a lot of energy, in order to produce the ice we need. Since that, we propose a new ice‐slurry producing system in this paper, which produces ice using the evaporating freezing method combined with liquid‐ dehumidifying. The system consists of three major parts, known as the pre‐cooling part, the liquid‐dehumidifying part and the evaporating‐freezing part. We did simulating calculation on evaporating freezing process, and the result exposes the factors that have impacts on this process and how they influence it. Also, we analyze the coefficient of the performance theoretically, from which it could be concluded that this system is an energy‐saving compared to a traditional ice‐producing system.


Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with cognitive impairment undergo progressive atrophy of several cortical and subcortical areas. The aim was to study the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometric features of PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).


Abstract Existence of strong Kähler with torsion metrics, shortly SKT metrics, on complex manifolds has been shown to be unstable under small deformations. We find necessary conditions under which the property of being SKT is stable for a smooth curve of Hermitian metrics {ωt }t which equals a fixed SKT metric ω for t = 0, along a differentiable family of complex manifolds {Mt}t.


The theory, description, and implementation of a generalized linear filtering system for the nonlinear filtering of convolved signals are presented. A detailed look at the problems and requirements associated with the deconvolution of signal components is undertaken. Related properties are also developed. A synthetic example is shown and is followed by an application using real seismic data. 29 figures.


Abaca is a type of banana plant used as paper material for securities industries, therefore, it has high economic value. This study therefore aims to determine the effect of Benzyladenine (BA) and thiamine in the induction of Abaca banana shoots in vitro. It was conducted at the Biotechnology laboratory of UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta with the laboratory experiments arranged in a 2-factor Complete Randomized Design. The first factor in the experiment was the concentration of BA (3 ppm, 4 ppm, 5 ppm) and the second was the concentration of thiamine (10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 30 mg/L). The results showed an interaction with plantlet height parameters in the treatment of BA 3 ppm and Thiamin 20 mg/L. 5 ppm Benzyl Adenine resulted in the highest yields on shoots length, the number of leaves, and fresh weight plantlets.10 mg/l Thiamine resulted in highest yields on shoots length, number of leaves, and fresh weight plantlets.


For a nonnegative self-adjoint operator A0 acting on a Hilbert space H singular perturbations of the form A0+V are studied under some additional requirements for the associated selfadjoint realizations. Here V takes values in H 2(A0), outside the original Hilbert space H, and is typically determined by a collection of certain unbounded functionals. To restrict the selection of self-adjoint realizations for the formal expression A + V a class of admissible operators is introduced. Further symmetry requirements are expressed by using a notion of p(t)-homogeneous operators, a concept which is de ned here by means of a one-parameter family of unitary operators U, which is closed under taking adjoints. A related requirement of (t)-invariance for the unbounded functionals appearing in singular perturbations is also studied. This gives an abstract framework to study singular perturbations with symmetries and it allows to incorporate physically meaningful restrictions for the corresponding self-adjoint realizations. The results are applied for the investigation of singular perturbations of the Schrodinger operator in L2(R) assuming (t)-invariance with respect to scaling transformations in R.


Implementing Agreements within the International Energy Agency (IEA) provide a framework for international collaboration in energy technology R&D, demonstration and information exchange, in which the commitments of the Contracting Parties and the management structure are specified. These Agreements are grouped in four branches being Renewable Energies one of them. The development of global strategies for accelerating the market penetration and implementation of renewable energies is the general goal of the IEA in this context. Ocean Energy Systems is one of the nine IEA Implementing Agreements embraced by the Renewable Energy domain; the others being Bioenergy, Geothermal, Hydrogen, Hydropower, Photovoltaic Power Systems and Solar Heating and Cooling. The IEA-OES completed its first 5-year term (2001-2006), and during this period has been active in the Ocean Energy field with activities focusing on ocean wave and marine current energy. The Annual Report 2006 This paper will present the major achievements of the IEA-Ocean Energy Systems program activities during its first 5-year term and an overview of its strategic plan for the next term (20072011).


Publishers have been using technology to disseminate research since we started publishing, but we often focus on the mainstream needs and forget the perspectives and needs of those voices we rarely hear. This perpetuates disadvantage and reduces diversity throughout the publishing community. Such problems can be considered from two perspectives: the make-up of the publishing industry and the manner by which we disseminate publications. Within the publishing workforce, diversity imbalances have long been acknowledged, for example in the demographic data reported in 2016 (Greco, 2016). And there are too few initiatives to address these limitations, although some attempts are being made, for example the 2017 American Association of Publishers intern programme in partnership with the United Negro College Fund. Similar awareness regarding what and how we publish is less commonly recognized as a problem for inclusivity and broader access to knowledge. An estimated 285 million people throughout the world are thought to have serious visual impairment and another 360 million have deafness or hearing loss (World Health Organization [WHO], 2014). While these are among the most common sensory deficiencies, countless other limitations challenge disabled readers and prevent their access to informational resources. Fortunately, their needs have been recognized in some countries through legislation enforcing accessibility policy within higher education institutions and commercial website owners alike. The implications for publishers are huge. In a recent lawsuit, it was found that the Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) websites run by the University of California, Berkeley were in breach of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. In this case, the content was inaccessible to blind and deaf people, missing key features such as closed captions and screen-reader compatibility (Straumsheim, 2017). As result the University is currently in the process of taking down all MOOC content, including over 20,000 audio and video files because it is too expensive to make it compliant. With the huge growth of online publishing and digital resources, what must be done to ensure that publishers meet the requirements of legislation (and differences between countries), and is there more we can do? Is the publishing industry stepping up to its responsibilities? From voice recognition software to web-enabled devices, technological advances in content processing are extending the publisher's ability to ensure the broadest possible accessibility of their products, with interoperable formats to suit readers' diverse needs and capabilities. Platform providers are including accessible download options and the latest updates to web publishing standards, like JATS and EPUB, comply with World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) requirements for access for the visually and motor impaired. So, why isn't every publication able to meet these basic standards? What risks are in play for publishers, libraries, and societies? Why are we still talking about accessibility? Our January 2018 special issue of Learned Publishing will be dedicated to answering these questions from a range of perspectives. Technologists will share the latest breakthroughs in digital workflows and hosting. Librarians will explain the current state of disabled student services on campuses around the world. And we expect to hear directly from readers and learn from their experiences with our products. Publishers can no longer burrow in the sand and hope that accessibility fixes itself. It only takes a bad day of hay fever or a broken arm for each one of us to realize that we are only temporarily abled. Gifts like sight, sound, and mobility are easily taken for granted, but any deterioration in these capabilities can drastically limit our ability to learn and engage with the world around us. As purveyors of the world's growing body of knowledge, publishers have a profound obligation to continually adapt our offerings to meet the needs of all readers, able bodied and otherwise. The January 2018 issue will highlight how national funding agencies and regional legislation require many institutions to


In February, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released the Prevalence of Healthy Sleep Duration among Adults—United States, 2014 report, which found that nearly 35 percent of U.S. adults ages 18-60 are not getting the recommended seven hours of sleep per night.1 The data was recorded in the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey of 444,306 individuals from all 50 states and the District of Columbia. While the focus has long been on children receiving their recommended hours of sleep per night, the CDC recommends increased focus on educating the public about the importance of adults maintaining a healthy sleep regimen.


A great deal of attention at the XI International Conference on AIDS was focused on new approaches to managing and preventing AIDS-related opportunistic infections (OIs). Aside from a similar prevalence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in developed countries, a different spectrum of OIs is seen in less developed areas, such as Latin America, where many endemic diseases are included among OIs. Candidiasis has been the most common fungal pathogen, but a broader spectrum of mycoses is being seen, with fluconazole and itraconazole being the mainstays for treating these infections. Ganciclovir and foscarnet are still used to treat cytomegalovirus retinitis, but introduction of cidofovir represents a significant advance in treating this disease. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the third most common OI in developed countries, and delays in diagnosis and starting treatment are common. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) remains the drug of choice for PCP prophylaxis. Liposomal doxorubicin with or without other chemotherapy agents has been approved for treating Kaposi's sarcoma. A three-drug regimen of amphotericin B, flucytosine, and itraconazole is effective for treatment of HIV-infected patients with cryptococcosis. Bacterial infections can be treated with appropriate antibiotics, but adding intravenous immune globulin may decrease the occurrence of infections and increase the time between new infections.


The author argues the specificity of the Iranian social and political structure, placing the country between Islamic traditionalism and modern society.  Attempting to gain a deeper understanding of the essence of the political culture of contemporary Iranian society, Kulyushin explores the relationship between religion and politics in the country. He traces the transformation of religious leadership to the political one in the 16 th ‑20 th centuries, the historical evolution of the velayat-e faqih theory, which has made it possible to legitimize the rule of the ' ulama' within the ideological framework of the Imami Shi'ism. The focus of Kulyushin's study is on the figure of Ayatollah Khomeini, the leader of the Islamic Revolution of 1978-79. The author explores the role of the religious component in the formation of Khomeini's political status. In particular, basing on the preamble to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran as amended in 1989, the official biography of Khomeini and the school textbook on modern history, Kulyushin discusses the conventional title of Khomeini, imam , and its relation to Shi'i theological concept of imamah , explaining the use of this title as a "political metaphorization", when moral and political expectations related to the "hidden Imam" ( al-imam al-qa'im ) are being transferred onto the outstanding political leader.


NiO-sensitive materials have been synthesized via the hydrothermal synthesis route and calcined in air at 400 °C and, alternatively, at 500 °C. Structural, morphological, and spectroscopic investigations were involved. As such, the XRD patterns showed a higher crystallinity degree for the NiO calcined at 500 °C. Such an aspect is in line with the XPS data indicating a lower surface hydroxylation relative to NiO calcined at 400 °C. An HRTEM microstructural investigation revealed that the two samples differ essentially at the morphological level, having different sizes of the crystalline nanoparticles, different density of the surface defects, and preferential faceting according to the main crystallographic planes. In order to identify their specific gas-sensing mechanism towards CO exposure under the in-field atmosphere, the simultaneous evaluation of the electrical resistance and contact potential difference was carried out. The results allowed the decoupling of the water physisorption from the chemisorption of the ambient oxygen species. Thus, the specific CO interaction mechanism induced by the calcination temperature of NiO has been highlighted.


In battery operated embedded systems, an efficient energy management is a key feature for increasing the system lifetime, as well as for controlling the application performance. In this paper, we present a power management module designed for tiny embedded operating systems and implemented in the Erika Enterprise, an OSEK-compliant kernel. The obtained results show both the effectiveness of the presented component and the impact of operating mode changes on global performance.


Combi-road is a new logistical concept for the transport of containers, translated in technical terms into an automated mode of road transport in congested areas and supported by an implementation strategy.


Turbo codes usually use recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) codes. We present a scheme based on block codes. We include an iterative decoding algorithm based on a variation of the Dorsch (1974) algorithm combined with the method of Pyndiah et al. (see Proc. IEEE Globecom'96 Conf., vol.1/3, p.121-25, 1996) for computing the soft decision output. Pyndiah's method of iterative decoding was limited to only a few decoding tries as each try required the running of an algebraic decoder. Our aim was to increase the number of decoding tries. This was achieved by using a different decoding algorithm based on that of Dorsch. The Dorsch algorithm involves only re-encoding. In its original form it is applicable only to binary codes but we also implement it for codes defined over extensions of GF(2). Such codes have two natural types of interleaver, yielding different performances both in terms of coding delay and bit error rate (BER) for given signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and we consider both. Our simulations first show the improved performance of our version of the Dorsch algorithm over the standard Chase (1972) algorithm. We then compare our algorithm with that of Pyndiah in the case of the product code formed using the [15,12,4] extended Reed-Solomon code with a total of 4 iterations. In our case, increasing the number of decoding tries increases the complexity of the algorithm only marginally and, with a maximum of 100 decoding tries with the binary interleaver and over a Gaussian (AWGN) channel, we achieve a BER of 10/sup -5/ at the significantly lower SNR of 2.5-2.6 dB. Finally we give the results of simulations for various product codes.


Using the change in party control of the Senate that resulted from Jim Jeffords's 2001 change in party affiliation, we compare competing partisan and partyless legislative theories. We offer a reconceptualization of agenda control that provides a new and promising basis for studying parties and policymaking in the Senate. Also, we present a novel methodology—an "event study"—to test partisan and partyless hypotheses. Our results show that, when Jeffords switched, the stock prices of Republican-supported energy firms dropped and prices for Democrat-supported firms rose, supporting the hypothesis that the majority party influences Senate decisions.


Formal models for group knowledge can help philosophers gain additional insight into the ramifications of the philosophical concepts that they propose by clarifying the abstract properties of these concepts and their relationship to alternative proposals. To date, however, formal treatments of group knowledge have remained largely disjointed from the related philosophical discussions and are therefore of minimal interest to philosophers. In this thesis, I attempt to bridge this gap by proposing a formal definition of group knowledge that I call collective knowledge. Collective knowledge is distributed knowledge about common questions and typically lies between common knowledge and full distributed knowledge. It includes two epistemic properties that make it more aligned with philosophical concepts of group knowledge, and that are not modeled by the standard notions from formal epistemology. The first property is that all knowledge is in terms of questions, interpreted as distinctions that define an agent's conceptual framework. The second property is that group knowledge implies an epistemic group, which is a group of agents tied together through mutual interest in each other's knowledge and questions. To model epistemic groups and collective knowledge, I introduce new Kripke models that I refer to as epistemic group models. I then present an axiomatic system for the logic of collective knowledge and prove that it is sound and complete with respect to these new models. As such, I hope to have provided a good first step towards a formal definition of group knowledge that can help advance the philosophical discussion on group knowledge.


This study examines the sound shift from plosive /ʔ/ to /k/ as a coda in final -k syllabic words, such as duduk, anak, bisik, and pojok in the Indonesian-Aceh dialect. The Indonesian dialect developed in Aceh province area has /ʔ/ variant for most words with final-k spelt syllables. However, due to the increasing popularity of and contact with the Standard dialect via television, internet and travels, there is now a new variant of final plosive production for orthographically final -k syllabic words. The present study aimed to verify if this sound shift is occurring in the dialect by asking 25 Acehnese who spoke the Indonesian-Aceh dialect for daily basis to read an Indonesian text consisted of 39 final -k words with varied vowel letters preceding it, and varied degrees of word-frequency effect. The results show that the final -ik and final -ek syllables tend to be more prone to change to the Standard dialect. The position of the syllable also determines the rapidity of the shift, as /ʔ/ positioned as the coda in the non-final syllable, like words makna anda paksa, changes faster to /k/ sound compared to those positioned in the final syllable. It can be summed up that the sound shift from coda /ʔ/ to /k/ in the Indonesian-Aceh dialect context confirms the lexical diffusion theory, with the speed of the change determined by factors that include word frequency, the position of the syllable (whether at the beginning or the end), and the onset-nucleus combination of the syllable.


SME sector in India is considered as the backbone of economy as it contributes up to 45% of the industrial output, 40% of India's exports, employing 60 million people; create 1.3 million jobs every year. Recently in 2013, BSE has come up with a platform named as BSE- SME, where SME could be listed too. [1] With approximately 30 million SMEs in India, 12 million people expected to join the workforce in next 3 years and the sector growing at a rate of 8% per year, Government of India is taking different measures so as to increase their competitiveness in the international market, according to Europe India SME business Council. [2] SMEs add 40% of value in manufacturing sector, 35% of merchandise exports & they own 90% of industrial units in India, according to Dun & Bradstreet. [3] There are several key factors that have contributed towards the growth of Indian SMEs over the past few decades. Few of these include; funding of SMEs by local and foreign investors, the new technology that is used in the market is assisting SMEs add considerable value to their business, various trade organizations/ Body Corporates and trade portals help facilitate trade between buyer and supplier and by reducing the hindrances to trade. SMEs can get listed in Stock Exchanges even without an IPO, as par SEBI Circular dated 24 th October 2013. [4] Whereas qualified for SME criteria indicate that the Paid up capital in the previous fiscal should not exceed 25 Crores.


What were the most significant changes in public school education in agriculture during your career? The most significant event that occurred during my career was that we were too slow to change the focus of vocational agriculture in response to the socio-cultural changes in society. The federal leaders in vocational agriculture were strong believers in Federal Bulletin 1. This document stated the objective of agricultural education was to prepare students for farming. The federal leadership emphasized that "becoming established in farming" was the reason we had vocational agriculture. I believe the federal leadership focused on this goal too long. During the early days of vocational agriculture a major socio-cultural change was occurring in rural America. Small communities were rapidly disappearing. The depression had an impact on local communities. Money was in short supply. Small farmers sold out to larger farmers and left the communities. The churches died out because members either moved away or died. Many schools were closed or consolidated. There were no opportunities to "become established in farming." Since it was not possible to become established in farming, the federal leadership should have looked at other goals for vocational agriculture. H. M. Byram's 1959 book on guidance in agricultural education included information on off-farm occupations, but it was largely ignored. A diagram titled "The Vocational Life of Vo-Ag Students" was developed in a graduate course I taught at North Carolina State. The diagram showed a variety of off-farm career choices, including agriculture teacher. Yet the federal leadership did not recognize anything other than "establishment in farming" as a viable goal for vocational agriculture. We should have changed sooner! There were some positive changes. The structure of the curriculum, but not the content, changed. When I attended high school in 1924-1928, I took Field Crops my freshman year, Animal Husbandry the next year, and Horticulture the third year; Farm Management was taught the fourth year. When I started teaching agriculture, the curriculum structure was changed to Ag I, II, III, and IV. Another change was a decline in the use of home improvement projects. All students can have home improvement as a project. This should have been emphasized more. Even though I was a district supervisor during part of my professional career, I did have some concerns about "the supervisor." I think supervision could have been improved. Some of the supervisors needed more education and some needed more professionalism. …


Examples of evasive answers frequently appear in discussions of non-literal meaning comprehension. A considerable amount of work on this topic has focused on how this kind of non-literal meaning is generated. Of the researchers who have dealt with speakers' motives for using evasive answers, and how hearers' awareness of these motives affects their interpretations, the majority have focused on evasive answers that are not intended to be recognized as such – in Gricean terms, those that violate the Maxim of Relation. Comparatively little research has dealt with answers that are blatant in their failure to answer the question – that is, those that flout Relation.
 This paper proposes that the majority of answers in the latter category can be understood using Brown and Levinson's (1978, 1987) model of politeness – in particular, that evasive answers are motivated by considerations for both speaker and hearer's positive face-wants. Evasive answers are defined according to Roberts' (2012) model of "the question under discussion" and characterized in terms of violating, infringing, or flouting Grice's (1975) Maxim of Relation. Various contexts in which the latter category of evasive answers occur are identified and discussed with reference to their role in avoiding face-threatening acts. Potential exceptions to the proposition that blatantly evasive answers can be explained using Brown and Levinson's (1978, 1987) model of politeness are identified, and problems with treating violating, infringing, and flouting as clearly distinct categories are discussed.


The mechanism of optical interaction of two nanoholes, milled in an opaque gold film, by means of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagation is investigated. The interaction depends on the polarization direction of the incident light when the nanohole pair is illuminated through uniform single antenna excitations. It is shown that by illuminating one of the nanoholes, under single antenna excitation, the other nanohole can be excited indirectly via propagated SPPs from the excited nanohole. In addition, it is found that the spectrum of electromagnetic power above the surface of the metallic film at an arbitrary point along the axis of the nanohole pair presents two resonant peaks. These peaks are due to the optical interaction between nanoholes, where the short- and long-wavelength peaks can be assigned to in-phase and antiphase interactions of magnetic dipoles relative to each nanohole, respectively. The magnetic coupled dipole approximation (MCDA) method confirms the simulation results.


Air pollution and aging populations are one of the most important issues facing in the development of all countries around the world. In this project work and effort has been made to develop a air pollution removable and fire indicated for fire work industry to safety purpose. The aim of this work is to develop a fire indicated and pollution removable that will use a collect fire work chemical powder around the working area. This model implies a conversion of rotary motion to the overall system. This motion is uses for chemical dust arrest by viscous liquid to all direction in the industry. In this model we can operate two pin switches for the clock wise and antilock wise direction. the gear motor is using to rotary motion. The rotary disk is mounted on the motor spindle. The tank is resting on the rotary disk. The exhaust fan is fitted in the top position of the tank. They are two way in the tank. One is inlet for suck the pollution air another one is outlet. Bottom of the tank dust despatch valve attached. The fire indicates system is mounted on the rotary disk plate vertically. After this work performance test to the working area. This research provides a new perspective and the health effect of air pollution.


Omphalitis problems are very common in cattle farms, but its origin is occasionally unknown. With this study it was sought to isolate and identify bacterial pathogens, omphalitis producers in calves. A cross sectional nonprobabilistic study of no convenience was performed in calves affected by omphalitis, using 35 calves, aged between 3 to 90 days, randomly selected at ten live-stook farms in the municipality of Cerete-Cordoba (Colombia). The animals were evaluated by conducting a general clinical exam and detailed examination of the umbilicus, thus determining the production of inflammation at this organ and taking into account the absence or presence of fistula with drainage of purulent material. 48.57% of the calves observed showed omphalitis cannulae, while 51.42% did not present this problemwith cannulae. 100% of the animals studied had omphalitis. The most prevalent bacteria obtained from the samples were Staphylococcus aureus (22,5%), Escherichia coli (22,5%), Staphylococcus sp. (15%), Klebsiella sp. (9,68%), Proteus vulgaris (9,68%), Pseudomona sp. (6,46%), Proteus mirabilis (3,23%), Enterobacter sp. (3,23%), Chryseobacterium meningosepticus (3,23%), Alcaligenes sp. (1,40%), Citrobacter koseri (1.40%). It should be noted that 37% of the isolated bacteria were umbilical infections belonging to the group of total coliforms, which indicated the absence of a strict aseptic procedure in the management of neonatal umbilicus.


In this demo, we introduce the tweet-based newsfeed summary service, called iApollo, running on a named data network (NDN) stack. This novel application provides a customized newsfeed service to individual readers based on their interests. Data sampling is essential in iApollo because of the large volume of tweets. Espresso, the automatic naming agent, translates this sampling problem into the simple tree traversal by constructing a hierarchical namespace for the given set of tweets. Two types of tree traversals are introduced: a modified breadth-first-search (BFS) and depth-first-search (DFS) which result in generating headline and complementary news, respectively. This allows readers to quickly achieve the best semantic understanding of the news topic with the minimal number of data retrievals. The newsfeeds are transmitted over NDN because NDN caching can reduce the retrieval delay while releasing burden on the end server. Furthermore, Espresso is well-matched to NDN as it naturally resolves NDN's naming requirement. The application demonstrates not only the tweet-newsfeed service, but also the great synergy between Espresso and NDN. This work can be extended into a general software framework for content summarization.


The problem of optimal controllability of a nonlinear impulsive
control system is studied using the method of vector Lyapunov functions
and the generalized comparison principle.


Dendritic spines are critical components of the neuronal synapse as they receive and transform the synaptic input into a succession of biochemical events regulated by calcium signaling. The spine apparatus (SA), an extension of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulates slow and fast calcium dynamics in spines. Calcium release events from SA result in a rapid depletion of calcium ion reservoir, yet the next cycle of signaling requires replenishment of SA calcium stores. How dendritic spines achieve this without triggering calcium release remains unclear. Using computational modeling, calcium and STED super-resolution imaging, we showed that the refilling of calcium-deprived SA involves store-operated calcium entry during spontaneous calcium transients in spine heads. We identified two main conditions that guarantee SA replenishment without depletion: (1) a small amplitude and slow timescale for calcium influx, and (2) a close proximity between SA and plasma membranes. Thereby, molecular nano-organization creates the conditions for a clear separation between SA replenishment and depletion. We further conclude that the nanoscale organization of SA receptors underlies the specificity of calcium dynamics patterns during the induction of long-term synaptic changes.


This paper proposes a fuzzy-logic-based rate adaption scheme named FRA in order to enhance the smoothness of TCP-Friendly Multicast Congestion Control (TFMCC). To alleviate oscillation of sending rate for TFMCC sender, FRA introduces five actions for adjusting rate and uses a fuzzy controller to decide which action should be taken according to the feedback information from CLR (current limiting receiver). Unsymmetrical membership functions and biased fuzzy inference rules make FRA as friendly to TCP flows as TFMCC. Simulation results show that FRA has excellent smoothness and fine TCP-Friendliness.


This article describes four dimensions of the strategic performance of a small firm of the artistic crafts based in Pesaro: the competitive dimension, the social dimension, the dimension of internal processes, innovation and learning, and the economic and financial dimension. The company's success is based mainly on the originality and uniqueness of the offer which consists in the intuition, creativity and pragmatism of the entrepreneur and, secondly, on the ability of the entrepreneur to empower employees, to create value for the social actors and to preserve economic and financial balance. The analysis of the case shows that the model proposed, though with simplifications and limitations, allows the management and the ownership of small and medium enterprises to monitor business performance by taking a holistic perspective, highlighting the critical areas of management.


In this paper, a new method to determine the optimal picking point on automation sorting pipeline operations is proposed. Kinematic equations for SCARA sorting manipulators are established based on the Denavit-Hartenberg representation method. Algebraic and geometric algorithms to the inverse kinematic problem for sorting manipulators are introduced and a new idea that establishes an optimal picking point database has been proposed to solve the same issue efficiently by contrast. In the same angular velocity conditions, the position costing minimum time to fetch the object for the manipulator would be obtained by optimal angle objective function customized. The corresponding coordinate position namely is the optimal picking point and then the optimal grab line is obtained. The simulation conducted on robotics toolbox demonstrates the efficiency and validity of the proposed optimal grab point algorithm.


Grouped laboratory mice (Mus musculus) show higher adrenocortical function than isolates, and this is usually attributed to the occurrence of aggressive behavior in such groups. the present experiment compares the effects of controlled bouts of fighting on adrenocortical function in trained fighter and defeated male mice. the results revealed increased adrenal function (compared with isolated controls) only in the latter condition; it is therefore concluded that success in aggressive encounters, in contrast to defeat, does not contribute to the increased adrenocortical function found in grouped mice.


Is a person's statements, whether penitential or non-penitential, privileged under the priest-penitent/clergy-communicant privilege if the statement is made in a diocesan or archdiocesan tribunal proceeding? In the seminal case of Cimijotti v. Paulsen, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa correctly held that statements to a priest in the course of a tribunal proceeding, even despite the fact the statements were non-penitential, were privileged and nondiscoverable if they corroborate a penitential statement. This article discusses the origins of the seal of confession, the priest-penitent/clergy-communicant privilege, and the Cimijotti decision and concludes that all statements, irrespective of their penitential nature, should be considered privileged under the clergy-communicant privilege if the statements were made by an individual in the course of a diocesan or archdiocesan tribunal proceeding. In addition, the article also proposes that in such situations, the holder of the privilege should be conferred to the priest or representative working on behalf of the diocesan or archdiocesan tribunal. To rule so best respects the inviolability of tribunal proceedings, as well as their integrity.


OBJECTIVES
To assess associations of physical activity, diet, and sedentary behaviors with overweight and obesity.

METHODS
Analyses of the NHANES 2003-06 were conducted among 2368 US adolescents, ages 12-19. Self-reported diet and sedentary behavior measures were used; physical activity was assessed using accelerometers.

RESULTS
Television/video viewing (OR=1.84; CI=1.24, 2.69), physical activity (OR=0.75; CI=0.59, 0.95), and fiber intake (OR=0.96; CI=0.92, 0.99) were associated with obesity whereas television/video viewing was a risk factor for overweight (OR=1.57; CI=1.1, 2.63).

CONCLUSIONS
Findings using accelerometer-measured physical activity are consistent with results from other studies using self-reported measurements. No interactions with ethnicity and gender were found.


Crimes and Misdemeanors: A Retake on the Eyes of Dr. Eckleburg Murder and infidelity, the existence of God and human responsibility, these are the issues raised by Crimes and Misdemeanors, a film that contains Woody Alien's most overtly philosophical statements about the tragedy and comedy of human experience to date. Unlike many of his earlier films, where he "deflates every venture into philosophy, making material and practical considerations the inescapable weight on every thought" (Yacowar 85), Crimes and Misdemeanors showcases major philosophical concerns. Never one to shy away from the big questions. Alien explores them with a seriousness made palatable by an aesthetically distancing overlay of humor. This is a film that relies heavily upon eye imagery, not surprising given the visual medium that Alien has chosen for his art. But the optical references possess a haunting quality, something of a cinematic/literary deja vu. These are the eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg, the oculist whose advertisement "brooded over the solemn dumping ground" (24) of the valley of ashes in The Great Catsby, transposed and integrated into another medium. The theme of perception is realized by the use of the motifs of blindness and clarity of vision filtered through a labyrinth of doppelganger relationships, primarily brothers and brothers-in-law. Certainly the fact that Judah Rosenthal is an opthamologist is no accident as he himself suggests during his dedication speech for the new opthalmology wing of the hospital. By way of explaining his interest in eyes, Judah reveals that his father, Saul, a religious man. claimed "the eyes of God are always on us." As a child, Judah says he imagined the eyes of God to be "unimaginably penetrating, intense eyes." Within the first few scenes. Alien manages to set up the major philosophical questions of the film with great economy. Judah Rosenthal appears to have achieved the promise of the American dream; he is a highly respected, supposedly philanthropic doctor with a loving family and all the material accoutrements of success. The audience learns that he has been carrying on a two-year affair with an airline stewardess, Delores Paley. Now that Judah has tired of her, Delores threatens to confront his wife with their relationship and expose Judah's questionable financial dealings which border on embezzlement. Judah wrestles with the problem and uses various means to dissuade Delores from her proposed course of action but to no avail. He confides in an old friend and patient. Rabbi Ben, who is losing his sight. The two men engage in a conversation delineating their opposing worldviews. Judah believes in a "harsh, pitiless universe" whereas Ben adheres to "moral structure, real meaning, forgiveness, and a higher power." He suggests that Judah tell his wife about the affair before Delores does and hope for her forgiveness, understanding and ultimately a better relationship with her. Judah does not have enough confidence in his marriage to take the chance. Instead, he consults his younger brother. Jack, who has connections with the mob. Jack suggests threatening Delores, but Judah is skeptical of the effectiveness of such a plan. When Jack proposes that he could have Delores killed. Judah is horrified, although one wonders what alternative solution he was expecting. Jack assures Judah that he would not have anything to do with this plan other than setting it in motion, i.e., he wouldn't have to get his hands dirty. Judah rejects this option, but as Delores persists with her threats and his anxiety escalates. he decides to have her murdered. At the time that the two brothers discuss Judah's "double life" with its ensuing problems, they have a conversation similar to the one that has already taken place with Ben. Judah asks Jack if he thinks God sees their actions. Jack replies: "I can't afford the luxury of believing in God." The word "luxury" counterpoints the differences in their socio-economic status as well as their approaches to life. …


The invention provides a semiconductor structure and a method for forming the same. The forming method comprises: a bottom substrate including a first region and a second region in contact with the first region is provided, wherein the bottom substrate is in a single crystal state; graphical processing of the bottom substrate is carried out and a groove is formed in the first region, so that bottom substrate surface of the first region is lower than that of the second region; an insulating layer is formed in the groove of the first region to expose the partial side wall of the bottom substrate of the second region; a top substrate is formed on the exposed substrate surface of the second region by epitaxial growth; and the part of the top substrate of the first region is etched and the insulating layer is exposed, and a first pin part is formed in the first region. Because the insulating layer is formed in the groove and electric insulation between the first fin part and the bottom substrate is realized by the insulating layer, diffusion of carriers in the first fin part to the bottom substrate is reduced and thus the leakage current at the bottom of the first fin part can be reduced.


This work is devoted to analysis and research of OLS-estimates properties when identifying parameters of distributed dynamic processes. The study showed that at a low level of observation errors (1% and lower), the use of direct OLS estimates to identify parameters of distributed dynamic processes gives satisfactory results. At the same time, the displacement value is always slightly higher than the value of the standard deviation of the parameter estimate, which does not allow to neglect the displacement, especially at a high and average level of observation errors. The method of obtaining so-called alternative OLS-estimates is also proposed, which allows to reduce multicollinearity in sample statistics and at any level of observation errors significantly reduce standard error of parameter estimation.


To the Editor: In reply to the very interesting article by Sanchez et al. [1] regarding transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI syndrome), we would like to report a similar case of an adolescent girl with beta-thalassemia, whowas on a regular transfusion-chelation regimen since the age of 2 years. It is the first case of TRALI occurring during the 25-year course of our Pediatric Thalassemia Unit, where 5,500 of packed red blood cell units are transfused every year. The patient is a 13-year-old female who developed cough, respiratory distress, cyanosis and hypotension 1 hr after transfusion initiation, having received 125 ml of leukocyte depleted, ABO compatible, packed red cells. Chest auscultation revealed moist rales without presence of bronchospasm. The patient was managed for severe pulmonary oedema with oxygen, intravenous fluids, steroids, and adrenaline. Despite treatment, her condition rapidly deteriorated and shewas transferred to the intensive care unit within 20min of symptom initiation. There, she was immediately put on mechanical intubation, while aspiration of ample foamy sputum was required. Body temperature rose to 39.78C and chest X-ray revealed bilateral infiltrates. Although findings were consistent with cardiogenic pulmonary edema, ECG and heart ultrasound did not confirmpresence of cardiopathy. Heart ultrasound performed annually had also been normal. The patient was treated with diuretics, midazolam and inotropic drugs, as well as antibiotics, as diagnosis of transfusion related septic shock could not be ruled out. Fortyeight hours later, the patient clinically recovered. Chest Xray performed on the 4th day of hospitalization showed definite improvement. Investigation of the patient's serum revealed anti-leukocyte and anti-platelet antibody presence, while the donor's serum showed anti-leukocyte antibody presence in low titers. The blood donor was found to be a multiparous woman who was subsequently excluded from the donor pool. According to literature, diagnosis of TRALI syndrome is based on clinical findings, including respiratory distress, fever, hypotension, and hypoxia that develop during the first 6 hr of a blood product transfusion [1–4]. In the majority of cases, TRALI is a self-limiting condition with excellent prognosis, while mild cases can easily be misdiagnosed [5]. Given symptomatic treatment to patients with severe TRALI, improvement is expected to occur within 48–96 hr, whereas chest X-ray findings may take up to 4 days to show improvement. Diagnosis of TRALI requires high suspicion and exclusion ofmore common etiologies of past-transfusion respiratory failure such as cardiogenic pulmonary edema and volume overload [5,6]. Moreover, the presence of antileukocyte antibody, although not necessary for TRALI diagnosis, supports it [7]. Due to high prevalence of HLA sensitization, a donor's multiparity is a known risk factor for the recipient developing TRALI, as in the case described [8]. In relation to TRALI incidence, Popovsky et al. [8] reported 5 cases of the syndrome occurring in a total of 3,130 patients. The low TRALI incidence in our patient group could be attributed to the use of leukocyte depleted red cells, while non-diagnosis of mild cases cannot be totally ruled out. In conclusion, doctors involvedwith blood product transfusions should have a high suspicion of the syndrome. All TRALI cases should be reported to blood banks in order to increase awareness of this potentially fatal complication.


H. Lin and H. Su classified A풯‐algebras of real rank zero. An A풯‐algebra often becomes an extension of an A핋‐algebra by an AF‐algebra. In this paper, we define a new invariant pi(A) of C*‐algebra A by partial isometries and give a necessary condition on which a C*‐algebra is an A풯‐algebra. We demonstrate that there is an essential extension of an A핋‐algebra with real rank zero by 풦 which is not an A풯‐algebra.


Deep learning (DL) based speed-of-sound (SoS) reconstruction has previously been done using either the RF data or a coherency metric as input of a deep neural network. In this work we investigate and directly compare both DL methods and show that the coherency-based method comes with several benefits and improves the robustness of the SoS-reconstruction technique. Especially, consistent time gain compensation (TGC) is important for the RF based approach. It can be shown that the coherency-based method is almost independent of the TGC curve used, whereas incorrect TGC curves applied to the test data in the RF case result in a significantly reduced performance of more than 55% with respect to the MAE compared to the case in which the correct TGC is applied. Several synthetic datasets are evaluated and results on ex-vivo porcine tissue are shown.


Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning in an urban environment is in need for accurate, reliable and robust positioning. Unfortunately, conventional closed-loop tracking fails to meet the demand. The open loop tracking shows improved robustness, however, the precision is unsatisfactory. We propose a differential Kalman filter for open loop, of which the measurement vector contains the differential values of open loop navigation results between adjacent epochs. The differential Kalman filter makes use of the satellite geometry (i.e., spatial domain) and motion relationship (i.e., temporal domain) to filter frequency and code phase estimations of conventional open loop tracking. The improved performances of this architecture have been analyzed theoretically and demonstrated by road tests in an urban environment. The proposed architecture shows more than 50% accuracy improvement than the conventional open-loop tracking architecture.


This essay traces the evolution of Gail Kelly's ground-breaking research into the education of females in developing countries. In the late 1970s, Kelly moved beyond the presumption that education affected women as it did men to ask if gender differences and educational inequities reflected societal gender inequalities. Kelly also questioned the validity of previous research that examined schooling as an isolated factor and the assumption that if more women received formal education, their status in society would automatically improve. Kelly's suggestion that educational outcomes may differ for men and women spurred researchers assessing such outcomes to consider the interaction of women's public and private spheres. Thus, Kelly urged researchers to analyze the real lives of women receiving increased education instead of merely matching productivity levels to educational levels. Analysis should reveal how all aspects of education and women's status affect student aspirations. To accomplish this research, Kelly encouraged the development of a "womancentric" methodology, which led to a rethinking of research questions and a redesign of research agendas. Kelly collaboration with Elliott in the early 1980s publication of "Comparative Education Review" that called for research into how education improves the individual lives of women. During the 1980s, Kelly's research focused on efforts to understand the curricula of schools in developing country to determine how education is gendered. Thus, Kelly began to envision education as a tool to empowerment through improvement of individual lives.


The fairness of human‐related software has become critical with its widespread use in our daily lives, where life‐changing decisions are made. However, with the use of these systems, many erroneous results emerged. Technologies have started to be developed to tackle unexpected results. As for the solution to the issue, companies generally focus on algorithm‐oriented errors. The utilized solutions usually only work in some algorithms. Because the cause of the problem is not just the algorithm; it is also the data itself. For instance, deep learning cannot establish the cause–effect relationship quickly. In addition, the boundaries between statistical or heuristic algorithms are unclear. The algorithm's fairness may vary depending on the data related to context. From this point of view, our article focuses on how the data should be, which is not a matter of statistics. In this direction, the picture in question has been revealed through a scenario specific to "vulnerable and disadvantaged" groups, which is one of the most fundamental problems today. With the joint contribution of computer science and social sciences, it aims to predict the possible social dangers that may arise from artificial intelligence algorithms using the clues obtained in this study. To highlight the potential social and mass problems caused by data, Gerbner's "cultivation theory" is reinterpreted. To this end, we conduct an experimental evaluation on popular algorithms and their data sets, such as Word2Vec, GloVe, and ELMO. The article stresses the importance of a holistic approach combining the algorithm, data, and an interdisciplinary assessment.


In this paper,method about solution of the indeterminate expression(type)was discussed.The solution for limit of some indeterminate expressions may be simplified by correctly used infinitesimal substitution.But some details should be take care to avoid make mistake in using such method.


The pre-medicant chosen may influence the ease with which gastroduodenoscopy (GD) is performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative ease of GD in cats under ketamine and isoflurane anesthesia after IM injection of hydromorphone (H, 0.1 mg kg−1), hydromorphone plus glycopyrrolate (HG, 0.1 mg kg−1 (H), 0.01 mg kg−1 (G)), medetomidine (M, 0.03 mg kg−1), or butorphanol (B, 0.4 mg kg−1).

Eight cats were assigned randomly to receive each treatment in a cross-over design with at least 7 days between treatments. Twenty minutes after pre-medication, medetomidine produced greater (p = 0.001) sedation than the other treatments when assessed, using a subjective ordinal scale. The cats were injected with ketamine (10 mg kg−1 IM), orotracheally intubated, connected to a pediatric circle breathing system, and allowed to spontaneously breathe isoflurane in oxygen. Once end-tidal isoflurane concentration was stable at 1.4% for 15 minutes, endoscopy was started. A single endoscopist (REG), who was unaware of the treatment used, performed all endoscopies. The endoscopist scored the difficulty of endoscopy subjectively (0–3). The significance of differences between treatments was evaluated using Friedman's test.

Time for entering the stomach was 9.4 (4.7–15.9) (median (minimum–maximum)), 6.6 (5.2–11.7), 8.4 (6.3–16.5), and 7.7 (5.1–14.7) seconds and for entering the duodenum from the stomach was 20.5 (13.8–40.9), 18.2 (10.3–39.8), 20.2 (16.2–119.5), and 22.2 (11.8–83.8) seconds for H, HG, M, and B treatments, respectively. There were no significant differences in the time for, or difficulty of, endoscopy.

We conclude that any of these drugs can be used satisfactorily at the doses and combinations tested to pre-medicate cats prior to general anesthesia for GD.


WHO FRAMED SILICON VALLEY AND HOLLYWOOD: NEWSPAPER COVERAGE OF REGIONAL BUSINESS CLUSTERS IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA by Frank Michael Russell In this study, coverage was examined of Silicon Valley technology companies and Hollywood entertainment companies in the San Jose Mercury News, Los Angeles Times, and Chicago Tribune. Previous work has suggested that newspaper coverage decisions are influenced by the communities that news organizations serve, journalistic values that can favor corporate interests, and the work of experienced framers of media messages. Silicon Valley and Hollywood are two well-known examples of regional industrial agglomerations, which are clusters of adjacent related businesses that are a powerful form of organization for the deployment of capital and labor. California's technology and entertainment companies have developed strong geographical links and have had a substantial influence on global culture. This study involved a quantitative analysis of business news coverage from the three newspapers and employment data for their metro areas from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Support was found for a connection between the presence of a strong regional agglomeration and the content of business news coverage. Support also was found for an interest regardless of a newspaper's location in covering large technology companies—particularly Apple, Google, and Facebook—that are known as effective framers of media messages. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is about three topics I love—the news industry, Silicon Valley's technology industries, and Hollywood's entertainment industry. I'm fortunate that I've been able to combine all three in much of my work as a journalist. I'm also fortunate to have had encouragement from many people, including professors, colleagues, friends, family members, and fellow students. I'm especially thankful for the support and detailed advice from my primary adviser, Richard Craig, and from my other advisers. William Tillinghast taught many of my undergraduate classes and was the school's graduate coordinator when I began work on my master's degree. Scott Fosdick, the current graduate coordinator, has become a very good friend. Diana Stover wasn't on my committee, but I'm thankful that she encouraged me to pursue graduate studies and offered very helpful advice about my thesis and career. I'm appreciative for the understanding of managers and colleagues at the San Jose Mercury News, especially Randy Keith and Patricia Hannon. I finished this thesis while on a fellowship at the University of Missouri, and I'm thankful for the support provided by Jacqui Banaszynski, Tom Warhover, Joy Mayer, Laura Johnston, Elizabeth Conner, Maggie Walter, Nathan Estep, Jeanne Abbott, Elizabeth Brixey, Scott Swafford, John Schneller, Katherine Reed, Greg Bowers, Grant Hodder, Michael Jenner, Randy Smith, Amy McCombs, and Antonie Stam. Finally, I'm extremely grateful for the patience and understanding of my friends and family—most especially my husband, Dale Nelson.


This article is a homage to Professor Widjojo, who celebrated his 70th birthday anniversary in 1997. The article recounts his important role in ASEAN in Economic Cooperation, during the critical formative years when the machinery for cooperation was still weak and undefined. The ASEAN Economic cooperation began to celebrate after the Bali Summit of ASEAN leaders in 1976. The author brings in the perspective of the Philippine participation in this historic meeting, taking into account the author's first hand experience as leader of the Philippine ministerial delegation from 1975 to 1981.


Abstract The aim of this study was to describe an experimental process, of which the main part is the preparation of apple batches and monitoring of the fermentation process. The batch was created from pulped apples to which special yeast cultures were added. Different process parameters of the fermentation were monitored during the experiments, depending on the yeast type and the fermentation temperature conditions. The fermented batch was later used in the distillation process of apple yeast.


This research is to investigate nanoporous electrospun structures obtained from electrospinning technique for using as filters. In the research, Nylon 6 and the blend of Nylon 6/chitosan nanostructures were fabricated from polymer solutions at various concentrations ranging from 30 to 35% w/v. The kinematic viscosity of the Nylon 6 and Nylon 6/Chitosan solutions was determined by using Cannon-Fenske (Reverse Flow) viscometer while the morphology of nanofibers was observed with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that the solutions with a higher viscosity yielded fibers with larger diameters and pores. Although the solution of nylon 6/chitosan at a ratio of 50:1 (30% wt nylon) had the highest viscosity in the experiment, the formation of small sized ultrafine fiber group generated even much smaller pores. In the filtration test, the flow rate of the suspension of polystyrene particles in water was adjusted to 8 µm/s and the nanofibrous filters with the thickness in the range of 0.1±0.02 mm were used. The results showed complete removals of polystyrene particles when using nanofibrous filters for both pure Nylon 6 and Nylon 6/chitosan nanofibers, being compared with the filter paper and commercial nylon fabric with No. 80/55 and No. 150/35, which showed much lower performance, i.e. filtration efficiency of 2.71 to 14.50%.