As a kind of ideal transmission medium in the short-distance communication network,polymer optical fiber(POF) has great foreground of development.But the connector between single-mode polymer fiber and other fiber has not been developed.The aim of research is to develop an auto-coupling system between single-mode polymer fiber and other fiber,in which PC control part analyzes and computes the feedback data from the optical power meter and collected image.In this way,two fibers can be accurately coupled automatically.The further research on single-mode polymer fiber and polymer fiber grating can be laid the foundation for the system realization.


Most geophysical applications in North American coal exploration have centered around the conventional surface seismic reflection method to provide continuous subsurface coverage for evaluating both good and anomalous coal reserve areas (Ruskey, 1981; Dobecki and Bartel, 1982; Greaves, 1984; Lawton, 1985; Lyatsky and Lawton, 1988; Gochioco and Cotten, 1989; Lawton and Lyatsky, 1989; Gochioco and Kelly, 1990; Gochioco, 1991; Henson and Sexton, 1991). The surface seismic reflection method, however, has inherent resolution limitations because the seismic wavelet must propagate substantial distances through the weathered layer, resulting in rapid attenuation of the desired higher frequencies. Since the depths and thicknesses of coal seams are usually known before‐hand, it is imperative that the seismic reflection associated with the target coal seam is absolutely identified in the seismic section to avoid misinterpretations. However, it is common that checkshot data and sonic and density logs are not availabl...


The flowing of productive elements, the trend of economic globalization and region agglomration un-der market system result in the great changes of the conventional correlation of adjacent cities, which is eitheradministrative harmony or pure competition, and is replaced by a new pattern of "integration and co-prosper-ity". This paper is based on the preceding positive research, exploring the issue of the background and implica-tion of urban integration, and the features of disintegration. It is put forward that institution innovation, mutualcomplementary of productive elements, enterprises grouping, united market system and the share and co-con-struction of infrastructure and environment are the driving mechanism and "nodes" of urban integration.Meanwhile, the integration patterns of "growth triangle", "wild goose flying", "plural plarization" and "dou-ble cores" are pointed out.This article holds that it is a new feature of regional and urban development in China in recent years that thedistances between cities decrease, metroPolis eme1ges and impacts regional economy. Meanwhile, however, overemphasizing on local benefits and thus disregarding or even damaging overall sustainable development, namelythe phenomenon of disintegration have become major prob1ems in regional and urban development. Such phe-nomenons mainly refer to: ① the similiarity of urban economic function, inappropriate labour division and com-mon industrial structure;②interna1 market barrier and 1ocai protection in urban agglomeration; ③serious pol-lution of eco-environment;④lacking p1annings;⑤lacking overall planning in transport network construction;⑥small scale and close organization structure of enterprises. On the bases of these, a new-type interrelation pat-tern - integration is attempted to direct urban development.


Abstract The Baldwin, Phillips, and Terlevich emission-line ratio diagnostic ([OIII]/Hβ versus [NII]/Hα, hereafter BPT diagram) efficiently separates galaxies whose signal is dominated by star formation (BPT-SF) from those dominated by AGN activity (BPT-AGN). Yet the BPT diagram is limited to z<0.5, the redshift at which [NII]λ6584 leaves the optical spectral window. Using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we construct a new diagnostic, or TBT diagram, that is based on rest-frame g−z color, [NeIII]λ3869, and [OII]λλ3726+3729 and can be used for galaxies out to z<1.4. The TBT diagram identifies 98.7% of the SDSS BPT-AGN as TBT-AGN and 97% of the SDSS BPT-SF as TBT-SF. Furthermore, it identifies 97% of the OPTX Chandra X-ray selected AGNs as TBT-AGN. This is in contrast to the BPT diagram, which misidentifies 20% of X-ray selected AGNs as BPT-SF.


A modular enantioselective synthesis of spiroketals, spiroethers, and oxabicycles, each containing a dihydropyran subunit, is described. It is based on the 2,2-spiro- and 2,6-bicycloannulation of sulfoximine-substituted 2-hydroxy-dihydropyrans. Key steps of the spiroannulations are the ring-closing metathesis of the corresponding 2,2-oxadienyl and 2,6-dienyl dihydropyrans and Prins cyclization of 2-alkenyl 2-hydroxy-dihydropyrans. Ring-closing metathesis of the corresponding 2,6-dienyl dihydropyrans gave oxabicycles with oxabicyclo[4.3.1]decane skeletons. These routes were extended to the synthesis of spiroketals and spiroethers incorporating additional annulated six-membered rings. Diastereoselective Prins cyclization of mono- and bicyclic 2-alkenyl-2-hydroxy-dihydropyrans was highly selective and afforded chloro-substituted spirocycles. Substituted 2-hydroxy-dihydropyrans were obtained through cyclization of δ-hydroxy ketones, which were synthesized from enantiomerically pure sulfoximine-substituted homoallylic alcohols through lithiation and trapping of the α-lithioalkenylsulfoximines with unsaturated aldehydes, followed by allylic oxidation. Inter- and intramolecular glycosidations of the 2-hydroxy-dihydropyrans with O- and C-nucleophiles proceeded with high stereoselectivities and furnished 2,6-trans-configured glycosides. Dihydropyran oxocarbenium ions are most likely intermediates in the glycosidations. According to ab initio calculations, sulfoximine- and trimethyl-substituted dihydropyran oxocarbenium ions adopt a half-chair-like conformation. The energy difference between the oxocarbenium ion with pseudoaxial and the one with pseudoequatorial methyl groups is very small. A transition state model for their reactions with nucleophiles is proposed. It features a half-chair-like conformation, a pseudoequatorial C6 substituent, and an anti-addition of the nucleophile along an axial trajectory to C2 that produces an anti-periplanar lone pair at the O atom. A similar transition state model allows a general explanation for the trans stereoselectivity of the reactions between C6-substituted dihydropyran oxocarbenium ions and nucleophiles.


[1] INTRODUCTION We begin with a puzzle. Consider the following two utterances: (1) I'm Spartacus! [Said by Spartacus] (2) I'm Spartacus! [Said by Antoninus] What Spartacus said was true, and what Antoninus said was not. Yet the two slaves uttered the exact same sentence, so how can this be? Admittedly, the puzzle is not very hard, and its solution is uncontroversial. The first person pronoun "I" is – to use a technical term – context-sensitive. When Spartacus uses it, it refers to Spartacus; when Antoninus uses it, it refers to Antoninus. So when Spartacus says "I'm Spartacus", he expresses the true proposition that he, Spartacus, is Spartacus. And when Antoninus says it, he expresses the false proposition that he, Antoninus, is Spartacus. The sentence "I'm Spartacus" expresses different propositions when used by different people. Another example will help. Contrast these two utterances, made by subjects in a study carried out by experimental epistemologists: (3) This is a zebra. [Said by someone while pointing at a zebra] (4) This is a zebra. [Said by someone while pointing at a cleverly decorated mule] (3) is true; (4) is false – even though they are tokens of the same sentence. Why? Because the word "this", like "I", is context-sensitive. Roughly, an instance of the word "this" refers to whichever object is being indicated, or otherwise


The Great Depression of 1929 and the developments that followed transformed economic life in Western countries by effecting a change from classical liberalism to "welfare state" (social state). This change provided for government involvement in the economy, which shaped social, political and economic life in Western countries for many years to come. With the economic crisis of the 1970s, there was a return to classical liberalism under the guise of neo-liberalism. The economic liberalism of that era was accompanied by socially conservative values, which were together called the "new right," or liberal-conservatism. There was a transition from an understanding of state as an interventionist, centralist, rigidly hierarchical, and strictly ordered entity to a decentralized, less hierarchical, and minimal state with a flexible organizational structure. The "new right" ideology, which combined the "free market" and "limited government" principles of liberalism with social conservatism, became a dominant force in the United States and the United Kingdom, and it was alternately referred to as "Reaganism" and "Thatcherism."Turkey transitioned to a liberal economy with the so-called "January 24th, 1980 Decisions" prepared by Turgut Özal and the Motherland Party, which came to power in 1983 with the transition to civilian rule after the September 12, 1980 military coup and the military regime that followed. Turkey started a process of transformation in many fields under the leadership of Turgut Özal. Özal was not indifferent to developments in Western countries, and he implemented many of the "new right" policies in Turkey under the name "Özalism" even though he did not adopt liberalism in full. Although his liberalconservatism was not created on a doctrinaire paradigm, Özal synthesized political and economic liberalism with socially conservative values and instilled a liberalconservative understanding in social and political life. In their policies, Özal governments emphasized economic liberalism, but they also successfully implemented policies that advanced political liberalism. Even so, the political dimension of liberalism under Özal governments was incomplete. In the final analysis, thanks to Özal's policies shaped by a "new right" ideology, strong


Given a smooth domain Ω ⊂ R N such that 0 ∈ ∂Ω and given a nonnegative smooth function ζ on ∂Ω, we study the behavior near 0 of positive solutions of −∆u = u q in Ω such that u = ζ on ∂Ω \ {0}. We prove that if N+1 N−1 < q < N+2 N−2 , then u(x) ≤ C |x| − 2 q−1 and we compute the limit of |x| 2 q−1 u(x) as x → 0. We also investigate the case q = N+1 N−1. The proofs rely on the existence and uniqueness of solutions of related equations on spherical domains.


In an optical touch display system, in the absence of the object detection region, the light from the primary light source can be reflected back to a detector. When an object is present, it can triangulate its position according to the direction of the shadow in the detector. The accuracy can be improved, the secondary light source is disposed off-axis relative to the main light source, so that the light from the secondary light source is reflected back to the detector be minimal. In contrast, when the object exists, from the secondary light source may be directly reflected from the object. An optical signal representative of the primary light source for each detector may be corrected by removing the light reflected from the object directly, based on the determination and removal of the signal component representative of the light from the secondary light source. In some embodiments, by the primary and secondary light sources so as to facilitate the phases.


The calculation of risk probability in the attack graph lacks cycles nodes processing.In order to sovle this problem,this paper proposes a nodes risk probability algorithm in attack graph with cycles.It gives examples of the attack graph with cycles,and introduces the risk probability calculating method with cycles or no cycles.It gives the not retrospective hypothesis to make sure the cycle path,and breaks the cycles through removing the export edge of the nodes in the cycles,and unreachable nodes.Experimental results show that this algorithm can obtain accurate calculation results,and its time complexity is low.


Inland fishes of Pulau Tioman have been studied in the past by several researchers. To date, the total number of inland fishes of Pulau Tioman is 62. This study was initiated in order to update the checklist based on the surveys done in the southern part of Pulau Tioman at Kampung Asah and Kampung Mukut in 2016. In this study, we used hand held push net with mesh size 3 mm, plus cast net with the mesh size of 10 mm and hook-and-line to sample fishes from various inland water bodies found in the study area. Twenty-two species of fishes are presently known from the southern drainages in Pulau Tioman, in particular, at Kampung Asah and Kampung Mukut. Seven species were recorded for the first time at Pulau Tioman, namely Abudefduf bengalensis (Pomacentridae), Bathygobius sp. 1 (Gobiidae), Bathygobius fuscus (Gobiidae), Drombus triangularis (Gobiidae), Enneapterygius sp. 1 (Tripterygiidae), Omobranchus elongatus (Blennidae) and Oreochromis mossambicus (Chiclidae) bring the total number of inland fishes to 69 species. Most of the newly recorded species were collected in stream channels close to the sea. The presence of the introduced species, Oreochromis hybrid and Oreochromis mossambicus were restricted to several isolated landscape ponds at Kampung Mukut and none were recorded in the natural drainages there. The increasing number of newly recorded species, although contains mostly brackish fishes in stream closed to the sea showed that this habitat is ichthyodiverse and should be safeguarded to sustain the diversity of inland fish fauna of the island.


One of the main concerns of learning science is for the pupils to fully understand the natural world and infer ideas based on the evidences attained from their work. Science as a subject matter in the early years of learning needs to be fully understood for the pupils to be ready for a higher level of education. Science as a general education component in the curriculum and, as perceived by the students as a challenging subject, should have science educators who create learning strategies that are relevant and engaging to enhance the scientific inquiry skills of the pupils. This study introduced the multimodal representations strategies in teaching science to improve scientific inquiry skills among Grade Four pupils. Using two groups of pre-test and post-test experimental research design led to achieving the study objectives participated by 75 Grade Four pupils at San Joaquin Elementary School of the Academic Year 2020-2021. The result showed that using the multimodal representations strategies in teaching science helped students improve their scientific inquiry skills. Likewise, results revealed a significant improvement in the respondents' level of performance from the beginning level (observing patterns, determining relationships, drawing conclusions, and communicating ideas) to a proficient-exemplar level of performance. Furthermore, the study suggests that multimodal representation strategies resulted in a significant increase in students' scientific inquiry skills, promoting high engagement in learning.


Thank you very much for downloading handbook for digital signal processing. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen novels like this handbook for digital signal processing, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer. handbook for digital signal processing is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the handbook for digital signal processing is universally compatible with any devices to read.


This paper describes the development of a system, ICADS (Intelligent Car Audio Design System), that can be used to effectively support product development engineers in car audio product design. We have demonstrated the use of expert system technology and the technique of quality function deployment (QFD) in supporting car audio design planning. QFD is applied as a knowledge acquisition method in this study to support car audio design teams in the development of products in a structured way that relates market demand via engineering specifications to parts specifications. We believe that other industries can use a similar approach for developing an expert system that can support product design planning.


Abstract This article enhances understanding of the construct of occupational potential. It presents the findings of a study that analysed the life stories of older Australian women, to explore the influences that shaped their occupational experiences across the life course. The study revealed that occupational potential is a highly complex phenomenon that gradually develops over time. It also showed that each person's occupational potential is unique, due to the interaction of a host of personal and environmental influences that affect its trajectory. Based on the study findings, the author proposes an additional description of occupational potential: people's capacity to do what they are required and have opportunity to do, to become who they have the potential to be. It is recommended that the term occupational potential be assimilated into the lexicon of occupational science and that occupational science expands its research agenda to further explore the environmental influences on people's occupations.


Satellite geodetic technologies, such as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GFO), have complementary advantages in inferring terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes at regional and basin scales. We introduced a joint inversion strategy to infer TWS changes using GNSS- and GRACE/GFO-derived vertical displacements based on Green's function theory in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) from January 2011 to December 2020. Additionally, we investigated the performance of variance component estimation (VCE) and Akaike's Bayesian Information Criterion (ABIC) to determine the optimal relative weights of different observation data. The performance of our joint inversion strategy was verified through a closed-loop simulation and multi-source hydrometeorological data (i.e. the time derivative of TWS changes (dS/dt) from precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), and runoff (R) based on the water balance equation, called P-ET-R). The closed-loop simulation shows that the TWS changes from joint inversion have better consistencies with the synthetic signals than those of GNSS- and GRACE-only estimates, and the corresponding root mean square errors (RMSE) decreased 1.43 − 6.28 mm and correlation coefficients (CC) increased 3 per cent−10 per cent. The ABIC was more suitable for the joint inversion of measured GRACE/GFO and GNSS data for TWS changes in the YRB. Analysis from the measured data shows that the spatial patterns and seasonal characteristics in TWS changes derived from GNSS, GRACE/GFO, and their joint inversion are in good agreement in the YRB. The contribution of GNSS observations to the joint inversion in the upstream of the YRB is greater than that of GRACE/GFO due to the relatively densely distributed GNSS stations, but the opposite is true in the downstream. Furthermore, the joint inversion results have better agreements with P and P-ET-R compared to GNSS- and GRACE/GFO-only estimates in the upstream, and the corresponding CCs increased 5 per cent−7 per cent (for P) and 2 per cent−5 per cent (for P-ET-R), respectively, which further demonstrates the effectiveness of our joint inversion strategy. Our estimation strategy provides a new insight for joint inversion of GNSS and GRACE/GFO data to obtain more reliable TWS changes.


We carry out the first complete calculation of kinematic power corrections $\sim t/Q^2$ and $\sim m^2/Q^2$ to several key observables in Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering. The issue of convention dependence of the leading twist approximation is discussed in detail. In addition we work out representations for the higher twist corrections in terms of double distributions, Mellin-Barnes integrals and also within a dissipative framework. This study removes an important source of uncertainties in the QCD predictions for intermediate photon virtualities $Q^2\sim 1$-$5\,{\rm GeV}^2$ that are accessible in the existing and planned experiments. In particular the finite-$t$ corrections are significant and must be taken into account in the data analysis.


Abstract Mass transfer equations for the zone refining of systems with variable distribution coefficient have been solved using a Laplace transformation under the condition of no liquid mixing. It is suggested that this solution will describe more appropriately the solute distribution after a single zone pass through an organic solid than the conventional theory which assumes a constant distribution coefficient and complete liquid mixing.


Acid-saline sediments in shallow-lake environments in southwestern Australia host complex mineralogical suites representing long-term weathering and modern extreme acid-saline chemistry. It is not known whether large-scale reflectance spectroscopy datasets from watersheds across the Yilgarn Craton show regional mineralogical variability. This study assesses over 2500 spectra from datasets of shallow subsurface sediments by using automatic minima detections for spectral features of interest. Integrating microscopic and spectral observations show that proportionally similar mineral assemblages exist in a variety of recognizable textures. Spectral results indicate that iron oxide and phyllosilicates are the most detected mineral types, alongside less common alunite, jarosite, and gypsum. The difference in detection abundance by percentage for mineral groups, particularly iron oxides, accounts for the largest regional variation observed in spectra. Spectral feature characteristics show significant regional variation for iron oxide, alunite, and hydrated mineral absorptions. The spectral observations align with previous mineralogical observations of these landscapes and the expected weathering evolution for granitoids, where Al-phyllosilicates and iron oxides are most prevalent. Observations of these mineral suites enhance understanding of regional differences and similarities in chemical precipitates and products of water–rock interaction in extreme acid-saline environments and have implications for studying sediments and rocks on Mars.


This paper analyzes the newspaper La Abeja Argentina published in Buenos Aires between 1822 and 1823. The main thesis is to demonstrate that the content and themes developed in this paper were functional to reformist and republican political project proposed by the Buenos Aires authorities. Through this publication, it was intended to disseminate scientific knowledge, enlightened and civilized, with a popular type of language towards building a more skilled public and informs policy state from acquiring and disseminating medical discourse. Thus, in this article permanently intersect three aspects: medical knowledge, politics and the role of the press.


Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) are commonly prescribed to treat mental health disorders, and although scarce, previously published literature has shown a significant association between SSRI use and dental implant failure. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine if such association exists, and if so, determine its strength. Reviewers performed an extensive search of the literature, last accessed June 2022 in PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases using MeSH terms. Retrospective and prospective observational cohort and experimental studies that evaluated the role of SSRI on dental implant failure among individuals ≥18 years of age, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months after implant placement, were deemed eligible. The search yielded a total of six eligible studies, all retrospective cohorts. The statistical analyses were performed using the statistical software R 4.1.3. Results showed higher implant failure rates among SSRI users vs. non-SSRI users at both patient level (5.6-19.6% vs. 1.9-8.0%) and at implant level (5.6-12.5% vs. 1.9-5.8%). The pooled relative risk (pooled-RR) of implant failure was more than double among SSRI users at patient (pooled-RR: 2.44, 95% CI : 1.68-3.55,  p <0.01) and implant levels (pooled-RR: 2.34, 95% CI : 1.74-3.15,  p <0.01) compared to non-SSRI users. DerSimonian and Laird estimates showed homogeneity of the studies ( I 2 =0%, p >0.05), and funnel plots and Egger's test determined no publication bias across all selected studies at both patient and implant levels. In conclusion, SSRI use is significantly associated with higher implant failure. Providers should be aware of this association and educate their patients on their risk of implant therapy when obtaining informed consent.


The problems existed in coal slurry treatment system of Gushuyuan Mine Coal Preparation Plant were disucssed in this paper,such as lower slime recovery and badly working equipment.The technical transformation was discussed and the economic and social benefit were analysed.


The current study was done in the green house of the Department of biology Sciences, College of Education for Girls / University of Tikrit during the agricultural season 2021, the study was design according to the sectors for complete randomization RCBD with three replicates each of which includes 12 treatment, and (4) planting pots per treatment, so the number of experimental units became (36) units containing (144) pots. The first group included fenugreek extract and rosemary at a concentration of 25% each, a mixture of fenugreek extract and rosemary, in addition to the non-spray treatment. Second group three concentrations (0, 40, 80) of copper oxide nanoparticles with and the overlap between them. The results of Spraying with fenugreek, rosemary and copper oxide nano-extracts revealed a high significant increase in vegetative growth compared to the compared with control group. The C3E2 treatment was reveal, highest plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and chlorophyll content (36.08 cm.plant−1, 31.537 leaf.plant−1, 19.117 branch, plant−1, 18.98 cm2.leaf1, 16.933 mg.g−1 fresh weight) respectively, and the spray treatment C3E2 revealed a high significant increase in mineral content and physical properties of volatile oil outperformed the compared with control group.


Abstract The acoustic attenuation performance of circular expansion chambers with extended inlet/outlet is investigated. Three approaches are employed to determine the transmission loss: (1) a two-dimensional, axisymmetric analytical solution for the concentric configuration; (2) a three-dimensional computational solution based on the substructure boundary element–transfer impedance matrix technique; and (3) experiments on an extended impedance tube set-up with expansion chambers fabricated with fixed inlet, outlet, and chamber diameters, and varying lengths for the extended ducts and the chamber, and varying offset locations of the inlet and outlet. The transmission loss results from all three approaches are shown to agree well for the concentric configurations. The computational approach is also applied to determine the acoustic attenuation performance of asymmetric expansion chambers with extended inlet/outlet, which also compares well with the experiments. The effect of geometry (lengths of the extended ducts and expansion chamber, and the offset angles of the asymmetric configuration) on the multidimensional wave propagation and acoustic attenuation performance is discussed in detail.


The research paper proposes to review concept traceability systems in fishery value chain with main focus upon the survey traceability system in fishery value chain. For increasing a trust of consumers and also reducing a risk related with food utilization, basically a Food Traceability System is come with, which provides pertinent information regarding the supply from the source to destination. Utilization of fish is increasing over time. Now a day's 50% fish use up by humans coming from aquaculture domain. When we are comparing sea food the traceability of fish products is not as good as it is for other food products. most crucial when we are comparing sea food with other food products, this paper gives review regarding different traceability forms and also discusses a new approach of fishery supply chain which overcomes the other issues related with building a trust while purchasing a product.


A novel reliable low temperature short time Cu-Cu bonding method using Ag nanostructure for 3D integration was realized in the work. Ag nanostructure consisted of many nanoparticles (NP) were deposited by pulsed laser deposition on patterned Cu pads. Bonding process was completed at 250°C for 5 min followed by an annealing process at 250°C for 25 min. Average shear strength of 14.4 MPa was reached and cracks occurred at bonded Ag interfaces, Ag/Cu interfaces and TiW/Al interfaces. According to cross-sectional interface inspection, continuous void-free bonded-Ag film was observed at the bonding interface, which was significantly beneficial to lowering electrical resistance.


Objective To design a medical equipment quality control management software to conquer the low efficiency and uneasy data analysis resulting from the manual operation.Methods ADO database control of C++ Builder and Access database of Microsoft were combined to develop the software for manual input,automatic input,and data analysis printing,and thus the digital management of the measurements was realized.Results Preliminary measurement showed that the software could be used for manual storing,automatic storing,management,printing and analysis of the measurements of medical equipment quality control.Conclusion The software can be used for the enhancement of measurements input efficiency of medical equipment quality control and data management quality as well as the long-term tracing analysis of the equipment stability,and thus has a brilliant prospect for popularizing.


Evidence from patients in the intensive care department of a multifield hospital treated for COVID-19 associated pneumonia with or without the use of a heated heliox mixture points to the beneficial effect of the mixture in the complex therapy of the disease. Comparative analysis of the clinical symptoms and laboratory data of the patients who received the heliox therapy and who did not (controls) testifies that heliox improves blood oxygenation, returns acid-base balance to normal, maintains dynamics of key pamaters positive and, therefore, increases effectiveness and shortens time of treatment. © 2021 Slovo Ltd. All rights reserved.


The biology of flowering and the micromorphology of Cornus alba flowers were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. The flowering of white dogwood in 2008 lasted 35 days, and the lifespan of a single flower was 3 days. The number of flowers per inflorescence was variable (on the average, it was 89). The largest group of insects visiting the flowers of C. alba comprised Hymenoptera (mainly bees and andrenids), then ants, dipterans and beetles. They foraged the dogwood flowers most intensively between 11.00 and 15.00. The inconspicuous four-petalled flowers of C. alba were characterised by the occurrence of T-shaped, two-armed non-glandular trichomes covering the receptacle as well as observed on the petals of the corolla, the style of the pistil and the anthers in a smaller number. The trichomes were covered by a thick cuticle with characteristic outgrowths. They contained a living protoplast, and plastids were observed in the cytoplasm of the trichome cells. In addition, anomocytic stomata were found in the epidermis of the receptacle and in the epidermis of the corolla petals. The stigma of the pistil and the adaxial epidermis of the petals were composed of very numerous conical papillae.


The present invention relates to a purifying apparatus for polycarbonate polyols, especially for removal of cyclic alkylene carbonates, comprising an evaporation unit (1) provided with a heater (10) and having an inlet (6) disposed at the top end thereof and a bottoms vessel (11), and a stripping column (2) connected downstream of the evaporation unit (1) and having a top (21) and a bottom (23), wherein a feed (5) for the polycarbonate polyol to be purified opens into the inlet (6) to the evaporation unit (1) and a gas outlet line (12) and a connecting line which opens into the top (21) of the stripping column (2) and is equipped with a pump (18) depart from the evaporation unit (1), and wherein a gas inlet line (24) for an inert gas opens into the bottom (23) of the stripping column (2) and a product line (27) for the purified polycarbonate polyol departs from the bottom (23) of the stripping column (2) and a gas outlet line (25) departs from the top (21) of the stripping column (2). The invention additionally relates to a process for purifying polycarbonate polyols with such a purifying apparatus.


In vitro drug resistance was induced against cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP), 1,2-diaminocyclohexaneplatinum-(II)citrate (PEX) and 1,2-diaminocyclohexaneplatinum(II)glucarate (PTU) in L1210 leukemia cell line. Using the resistant sublines cross-resistance was found between cis-DDP and cis-diamminecyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylatoplatinum(II) (CBDCA) and between the three 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) derivatives tested. No (or low degree) cross-resistance was found between cis-DDP and DACH derivatives.


The aim of the present study was to investigate whether adolescent psychosocial environment affects anxiety and locomotor behaviors in the middle-aged CD-1 mice. The latency and peripheral time significantly increased, and the number of squares crossed in the open field significantly decreased (Ps < 0.05) in the 18 months old control mice (old) than those in the 3 months old control mice (young). In the black–white alley task, the old control group also had a significantly longer latency and time spent in the black alley, and a lower number from the black to white alley than the young control group (Ps < 0.05). At 12 months old, the stressed group had a significantly increased time spent in the black alley of black-white alley and peripheral time in the open-field than the control group and enriched-environment group (Ps < 0.05), but the stressed group had a decreased square crossed number in the open-field (Ps < 0.05). At the 18 months old, the stressed group had more peripheral time, latency and time spent in the black alley than the enriched-environment group only (Ps < 0.05). The above results suggested that changes of anxious behavior in the CD-1 mice were age-dependent and chronic changes of psychosocial environments during adolescent-youth could modulate the age-related increase of anxiety and decline of locomotor activity in the middle-aged CD-1 mice.


EDITOR,--Susan S Jick and colleagues conclude their detailed study of suicide and prescribing of antidepressants by stating that their data are consistent with the hypothesis that those who are determined to commit suicide will do so even if one particular means (drug overdose) is made less available.1 Such a view is also supported by J Guy Edwards in his accompanying editorial.2 The data presented do not support these assertions.

In Jick and colleagues' study overall crude suicide rates were twice as high in the group who took other antidepressants (14.9/10000 person years) as in those taking tricyclic antidepressants (7.4/10000). This suggests that there may be differences between …


Flight delay prediction is a major topic in intelligent airport management systems, which emphasizes the use of historical data and potential features to estimate whether a future flight will delay. However, many factors affect flight delays, and these factors can be categorized into weather features (e.g., temperature, humidity, and wind speed) and non-weather features (day-of-month, day-of-week, scheduled departure and arrival time). Moreover, the impacts of weather and non-weather factors on flight delays are different. Weather features play a more important role in adverse weather conditions and are the main reason for long flight delays. When the weather condition changes from severe to non-severe, non-weather features are the main reason for flight delays, and the caused delays are relatively short. Such different impacts on flight delays raise a strong need for considering the priority information of weather and non-weather features in flight delay prediction. In this paper, we design a variant of the Random Forest model to consider the priority information of weather and non-weather features to predict flight delays. A clustering algorithm-based analysis approach is developed to assess the impact of weather and non-weather features on flight delays and draw conclusions on the priority information of weather and non-weather features. A probability sampling method is embedded in the Random Forest at the feature selection stage to perform a prior choice for weather and non-weather features to help select the key influential features. Experiments are carried out on U.S. domestic flights in July 2018, and the comparison results demonstrate that the proposed model can significantly increase flight delay prediction accuracy.


This paper presents a technical overview of current state in Mobile Digital Rights Management (MDRM). Main aspects, such as a DRM system's requirements and architectures are studied. MDRM technologies, such as rights definition languages, cryptography and digital watermarking are discussed. The paper also analyzes the limitations and extra requirements for developing Mobile DRM systems, classifies MDRM based on content types, and proposes MDRM use case models and a MDRM terminal structure. Further more, important issues are discussed regarding the success of MDRM challenge.


The urge theory, in which emotion constitutes an autonomous system, is used to model a self-sufficiency system for communication robots. Using this model, a robot can convey its psychological and physiological conditions to the user through facial expressions, voice, behavior, and other means thereby producing psychological interaction with the user.


Coupling interface between computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational structural dynamics (CSD) is required to provide exchange of information for the simulation of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) phenomena. Accuracy and consistency of information exchanged through coupling interface between the independent CFD and CSD solvers plays a central role in the simulation and prediction of FSI phenomenon, like flutter. In this paper validation of an implemented coupling interface methodology is presented for subsonic, transonic and near supersonic mach regime. The test case chosen for this purpose is the flutter of AGARD445.6 standard I‐wing weakened model configuration for subsonic to near transonic flow regime. Gambit® and Fluent® are used for CFD grid generation and solution of fluid dynamic equations, respectively. CSD modeling and simulation are provided by numerical time integration of modal dynamic equations derived through the finite element modeling in ANSYS® environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The authors investigated patterns of change in three middle grade teachers' beliefs and practices about motivation in mathematics during a yearlong professional development project with a university researcher. Four principles of motivation (and corresponding instructional strategies) were introduced in this sequence: supporting students' competence, belongingness, autonomy, and making learning meaningful. Teachers enacted strategies in their classrooms, were observed and interviewed, and discussed and reflected on results during monthly meetings. Enactment of motivation strategies was related to changes in mathematics instruction for some teachers. Results reflect the importance of situating motivation strategies in content area instruction and providing adequate support for teacher conceptual change. The authors examine both personal and contextual explanations for changing instructional practices and the obstacles to such changes.


The goal of the symposium is to foster communication and collaboration between researchers in these synergistic areas, taking advantage of the nearby locations of ACL-HLT 2011 and ICML 2011. It will bring together members of the Association for Computational Linguistics, the International Speech Communication Association, and the International Machine Learning Society (Machine Learning Special Interest Group of ISCA).


The lateral costal branch (LCB) of the internal thoracic artery (ITA) was studied because its presence sometimes may reduce the blood flow of the ITA when it is used for myocardial revascularization (Singh and Sosa, 1981). The ITA of 90 cadavers of adults of both sexes, whose ages ranged from 20 to 84 years, was studied after neoprene latex injection to determine its incidence, its relation to the phrenic nerve and first rib, its diameter, and the distance between the origin of the ITA and the origin of the LCB. We found the LCB in 16.6% of the cases, with bilateral presence in 5.5%. Unilateral rightside incidence was 11.1%, and left unilateral incidence was not observed. The LCB originated from the ITA in all cases, with a distance of origin along the ITA of 23.7 + 6.7 mm on the right side and 29.5 ± 6.4 mm on the left side. The mean diameter of the LCB was 1.7% ± 0.8 mm. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Using hybrid density functional calculations, we study the electronic and structural properties of SrZrO 3 and ordered Sr(Ti,Zr)O 3 alloys. Calculations were performed for the ground-state orthorhombic ( Pnma ) and high-temperature cubic ( Pm 3 m ) phases of SrZrO 3 . The variation of the lattice parameters and band gaps with Ti addition was studied using ordered SrTi x Zr 1 − x O 3 structures with x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1. As Ti is added to SrZrO 3 , the lattice parameter is reduced and closely follows Vegard's law. On the other hand, the band gap shows a large bowing and is highly sensitive to the Ti distribution. For x = 0 . 5, we find that arranging the Ti and Zr atoms into a 1 × 1 SrZrO 3 / SrTiO 3 superlattice along the [001] direction leads to interesting properties, including a highly dispersive single band at the conduction-band minimum (CBM), which is absent in both parent compounds, and a band gap close to that of pure SrTiO 3 . These features are explained by the splitting of the lowest three conduction-band states due to the reduced symmetry of the superlattice, lowering the band originating from the in-plane Ti 3 d xy orbitals. The lifting of the t 2 g orbital degeneracy around the CBM suppresses scattering due to electron-phonon interactions. Our results demonstrate how short-period SrZrO 3 / SrTiO 3 superlattices could be exploited to engineer the band structure and improve carrier mobility compared to bulk SrTiO 3 .


The risk of dosage Prescription Medication Error (PME) among manually written prescriptions within 'mixed' prescribing system (computerized physician order entry (CPOE) + manual prescriptions) has not been previously assessed in neonatology. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of dosage PME related to manual prescriptions in the high‐risk population of very preterm infants (GA < 33 weeks) in a mixed prescription system.


Distyryl benzene derivatives (DSB-1 and DSB-2) were deposited on a KBr (001) surface. DSB-1 molecules took two kinds of orientations depending on the substrate temperature. On the other hand, DSB-2 grew epitaxially. The longitudinal axes of DSB-2 molecules were oriented parallel to the substrate surface.


This paper describes a factoring algorithm that removes deep backtracking from logic programs that is in general applicable to a large subclass of well-moded logic programs. Originally developed for the pure logic programming language Elf [10], our results can also be applied to other logic programming languages, such as Prolog and -Prolog [9], as well. Further applications of factoring include compilation, output coverage checking, and program transformation.


In contrast to ordinary materials, metamaterials show interesting properties that are not found in nature. These properties are counterintuitive and difficult to understand for the students. This work describes a series of virtual experiments that were carried out by means of an extension of the FDTD technique for modeling metamaterials. The result of the simulations was recorded and a collection of videos developed as a supplementary tool for teaching at advanced undergraduate and graduate levels. The objective is to help the student to understand the interaction of electromagnetic waves with these media by means of the visualization of the evolution in time of the physical phenomena.


For several years, the senior editors and editorial board of Tobacco Control have discussed changing our formal stance on the publication of research funded by the tobacco industry. It is simple enough to say, as most journals do, that regardless of funding source, well-done science should always be welcome at a journal if it passes peer review, and that full disclosure about funding sources provides adequate warning to reviewers and readers about potential research and/or reporting biases. There are good arguments to be made challenging disclosure as a method for insuring scientific transparency,1 ,2 but the core of the issue is deeper than this: it involves whether there are systematic reasons to believe that publishing tobacco industry-funded research violates higher principles.3

In the case of the tobacco industry, there is abundant evidence (only a small sample is cited here) to show that this is the case, and to call for making a clear distinction based on funding source. First, of course, is the overwhelming evidence that tobacco companies have repeatedly and systematically interfered with legitimate scientific research, and repeatedly used industry-funded scientists and their industry-facilitated findings to deceive consumers and undermine public health.4–16

The issue is not merely that the tobacco companies produce research biased to favour their positions; they also use their scientists as key ambassadors in their corporate legitimacy-rebuilding work.17 For example, re-establishing connections with reputable scientists was made an explicit part of Philip Morris's long-term plan to rebuild its public reputation and renormalise the tobacco business.18 Thus, when peer-reviewed health journals publish industry-funded work, they are putting their journals in service to tobacco industry public relations goals.

Second, Tobacco Control , as a journal, has always …


In the last decade several archaeological projects concerning metallurgical tradition and techniques, were carried out on metal finds from various sites around the Northern Adriatic and in the Eastern Alps. The pieces, made of different metals, are dated to various periods, between the Late Bronze Age and Late Antiquity. The results of different kinds of analytical techniques, applied to several hundreds of archaeological metal artefacts from this area, are presented and evaluated in the paper. The different metallurgical techniques and traditions, identified during the researches are illustrated, compared and interpreted. An overview of the available data and of the general trends of ancient metallurgy in this broader area is attempted.


IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis and is one of the most common causes of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide. The immunopathogenic mechanism underlying IgAN is poorly identified. Currently, the mainstay treatment of IgAN is centered on the optimization of blood pressure and a reduction in proteinuria, using an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). According to KDIGO, patients who persistently remain at a high risk of progressive ESKD, despite maximal supportive care, are candidates for glucocorticoid therapy. Recent discoveries regarding the pathogenesis of this disease have led to the testing of new therapeutic drugs targeting, in particular, the excessive mucosal immune reaction and the resulting systemic response as well as the complement activation and the following kidney damage and fibrosis. In this review, we examine the various therapeutic approaches to this intriguing disease.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of lip anteroposterior position based on esthetic line on the perceived attractiveness. Materials and Methods: We selected a 20s female standard lateral photograph which was within average range of cephalometric analysis, modified lips anteroposterior position based on esthetic line into 5 pictures. This study investigated and compared the preference of facial profile among the groups; male : female and dental relevance: non-dental relevance. Total 255 judges (male : female=138 : 117, relevant : non-relevant=159 : 96) who were 20s to 30s were asked to rate these photographs based in lip attractiveness using visual analogue scale (VAS). Result: All groups had similarity the average of VAS of moved backward lips 2 mm were highest and moved forward lips 4 mm were lowest. Comparing between male group and female group, there were significant differences in all pictures except for original which was not modified. In the dental groups, moved forward lips 2 mm had significant difference and the average in dental relevant group were lower than non-relevant group in lip protrusion. Conclusion: The preference about lip protrusion was similar irrespective of dental knowledge or gender. All groups preferred retrusion of lips to protrusion of lips. In female group, they had higher the average of VAS. In relevant group, they disliked protrusion rather than retrusion of lips significantly.


Abstract In a previous paper we showed how the main theorems characterizing operator algebras and operator modules, fit neatly into the framework of the "noncommutative Shilov boundary," and more particularly via the left multiplier operator algebra of an operator space. As well as giving new characterization theorems, the approach of that paper allowed many of the hypotheses of the earlier theorems to be eliminated. Recent progress of the author with Effros and Zarikian now enables weak*-versions of these characterization theorems. For example, we prove a result analogous to Sakai's famous characterization of von Neumann algebras as the C *-algebras with predual, namely, that the σ -weakly closed unital (not-necessarily-selfadjoint) subalgebras of B ( H ) for a Hilbert space H , are exactly the unital operator algebras which possess an operator space predual. This removes one of the hypotheses from an earlier characterization due to Le Merdy. We also show that the multiplier operator algebras of dual operator spaces are dual operator algebras. Using this we refine several known results characterizing dual operator modules.


The two-dimensional steady flow of both infinite and finite aspect ratio (length to diameter ratio) fibers suspended in a Newtonian fluid is investigated numeri cally. Forty-five-degree convergent and divergent channel geometries are considered for the analysis. Due to symmetry, only half the channel geometry is considered and the ori entation field is assumed to be planar. The analysis is carried out for the creeping flows where the inertia terms are neglected. Numerical grid generation is used to generate the mesh, and the transformed governing equations in terms of the stream function are solved in the computational domain using a finite difference scheme. In this study, several solu tion strategies for solving the orientation field are investigated. The orientation of individ ual fibers are assumed to be governed by Jeffery's equation. The orientation field, which can be expressed in different forms (i.e., a unit vector, tensorial quantities, or an orienta tion distribution function), is specified by solving the orientation equations along particle paths. A tracing technique is implemented to obtain these particle paths for each grid point in the flow domain. The solution of the orientation field is obtained by using two basic techniques. First, a large number of fibers are considered, and by using analytical expres sions developed to describe the orientation state of one fiber, a statistical orientation distri bution function is generated. Second, tensorial quantities (both second- and fourth-order orientation tensors) are employed to solve for the orientation field. In order to overcome the closure problem occurring in the resulting orientation equations, quadratic approxima tions are used. Maximum orientation angles are reported from both the techniques, and their accuracies are investigated. The maximum orientation angles (i.e., preferred orienta tion) obtained from the second- and fourth-order tensorial solutions are observed to be identical. On the other hand, the degree of fiber alignments that are specified by the indi vidual tensor components differ considerably. Comparison of the solution techniques shows that the accuracy of the preferred angle obtained from statistical solution is depen dent on the number of fibers considered. In addition, the calculations for the finite fiber aspect ratio revealed some discrepancies between the statistical and tensorial results at the regions of rapid fiber tumbling.


Seven adhesive-producing nematode-trapping fungi were tested for their ability to capture nine different nematodes. The nematodes included species that are free living as well as plant and insect parasites. The fungi displayed no selectivity. Each fungus was able to trap and consume all of the different nematodes tested. A study of cuticle surface saccharides of five of the nematodes revealed the presence on all the nematodes of glucose–mannose and N-acetylgalactosamine residues. L-Fucose residues were not found on any of the nematodes. The involvement of lectins in the capture of prey by nematode-trapping fungi is discussed.


Regeneration of tropical forest occurs naturally and mainly through early secondary succession by soil seed banks. Here, we analyzed seed bank variation in density and diversity along a degradation gradient. We also explored the relationship (similarity in composition) between the seed and seedling banks and the overstory vegetation. The investigated forests were located at Dja Fauna Reserve and its surroundings, south‐eastern Cameroon. We sampled 33 one‐ha forest plots scattered in a protected area, in a logging concession and in community forests. Within each plot, we inventoried the seed bank in the litter and in four successive soil layers of 5 cm depth interval, and the standing vegetation. Seed density significantly varied with sampling depth but not between land use types. A total of 181 morphospecies were identified. Trees species accounted for 46% of seeds with pioneer species dispersed by animals dominating the seed bank. Species diversity and composition strongly varied with the sampling depth; the litter seed bank was more similar in composition to the soil seed bank than to the seedling bank, sapling, and forest stands. We highlighted the presence of a dense and diverse seed bank in each land use type. We also showed the differentiation of each sampling depth in terms of species composition, thus revealing their complementarity in the dynamics of natural regeneration. The dominance of pioneers in the seed bank and weak relationship with the overstory are universal for tropical forests and logically follow from forest succession after disturbance.


Howard E. Simmons Jr., retired vice president of R&D at DuPont (1991), died of congestive heart failure April 26 at his home in Wilmington, Del., after a battle with lung cancer. He was 67. In recognition of his many contributions to chemistry, Simmons received the National Medal of Science in 1992. The American Chemical Society presented him with the 1994 Priestley Medal—the society's highest award—for his services to chemical science, industry, and society (C&EN, June 7, 1993, page 34). And, in the same year, DuPont awarded Simmons the Lavoisier Medal, its highest award for technical achievement. Early in his 38-year DuPont career, Simmons focused on chemical structure and mechanisms, an interest that culminated in the Simmons-Smith reaction, a general method for preparing cyclopropanes. He also collaborated with Chung Ho Park in the synthesis of macrobiotic amines, large rings containing hydrocarbon cavities. This work, coupled with work on crown ethers by DuPont Nobel Laureate Charles J. ...


The article deals with the universal metaphorical models of coronavirus in Belarusian, Russian, and English based on the contemporary mediatexts Such models as "aggressor", "war", "fire", "plague", and "wave" are manifested and analysed Comparing the three languages, the author reveals similarity based on common cognitive settings At the same time some deeper conclusions are made concerning metaphorical reframing of reality and consciousness The author provides translation of the Belarusian and Russian metaphors thus making practical solutions for media texts translation


Papua New Guinea (PNG) mutation is a point mutation that occurs in noncoding region of alpha globin cl usters. Polymorphism promotes an additional recognition site for transcription factor (GATA-1) which presumabl y downregulates alpha globin synthesis. The aim of th is research is to detect PNG mutation in other popu lations in Indonesia, thus the results will be used for comple ting standard diagnoses in detecting alpha thalasse mia mutation based on ethnic background. The method used in detecting PNG mutation was PCR-RFLP. Detection of 399 samples (MCH <80 fL) using the PCR-RFLP method showed positive results for the Timika population. However, negative results were found in the Gayo, Sumba, and Ternate populations. PNG mutation frequency in the Timika (Papuan ethnic) population is 18.1% (28 of 154 samples). High malar ia prevalence in East Indonesia did not show a posi tive correlation with the absence of PNG mutation in the Sumba and Ternate populations. The results showed that PNG mutation is only found groups that are infected with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but not in Plasmodium vivax -infected ones. However, PNG mutation is common in the eastern Indonesia population.


This paper distinguishes between simple and conditional discrimination concepts and points to the importance of the concept of conditional discrimination in the study of complex behavioral processes. A brief historical overview of the development of conceptual models about conditional discrimination until its more recent formulations is also described. Conceptual revisions are suggested based on both critical considerations regarding currently employed conditional discrimination's definitions and on studies which used alternative methodologies to establish emergent conditional relations. Key words: conditional discrimination, complex behavior, matching-to-sample, go/no-go


The article is devoted to the experience of private labels introduction by the example of Russian food retail in the situation of economic crisis. The author considers the peculiarities of private labels management by Russian retail networks; investigates the factors influencing the choice of a brand strategy for one's own brands, and offers a classification of these brand strategies.


To determine the extent of the use of contractors and consultants to perform state highway activities, the Transportation Research Board surveyed the states in the summer of 1984. More than 40 state transportation agencies responded. The replies indicate that every major activity relating to preconstruction and project development, planning, construction, traffic, safety, operations and maintenance, and administration is being contracted out by at least one state. The responses by the states to TRB's survey indicate that a complex and thorough process is needed for the contracting of services. The controls for contracted-out projects have to be much more stringent than those for in-house projects because of the separate and arms-length management position used with the contractor compared to a management continuum of staff activities. (Author)


The paper presents a study of the cognitive approach to impact evaluation of management decisions to change the criterion assessments of the region's industry. It developed the structure of the economic indicators of the benefits of industrial development in the innovative development model.


"For systems of assessment there are some additional elements, or at least some additional aspects, that should be considered. These relate not so much to the way individual assessment episodes are implemented, but more to the sampling, timing and decision-making, the means of combining different kinds of information from different sources, and how progression decisions are made." Twelve tips to maximize the value of a clinical competency committee in postgraduate medical education Benjamin Kinnear, Eric J. Warm and Karen E. Hauer


Multilevel inverter becomes an alternative for high power and medium voltage applications recently and is more popular in renewable energy. The cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter is more suitable for the Photovoltaic application because it acts as a separate DC source for each bridge. This paper presents a selective harmonic elimination (SHE) modulation for single-phase cascaded H-bridge (CHB) five level inverter. The optimum angle of the transcendental equations is solved the fundamental and harmonic elements using the Newton-Raphson (NR) process. The proposed selective harmonic elimination (SHE) scheme is tested using MATLAB/Simulink simulation. These simulation results are then verified through experiment using microcontroller. The proposed SHE is efficient in eliminating the 5th order harmonics and producing a higher quality output waveform with a better harmonic profile.


Background: This article reports a rare and inspirational case of a four-limb amputee, the range of integrated technology solutions that enable him to be a productive member of his family and the process and pitfalls of seeking technology solutions. Case description and methods: A complex case of bilateral transhumeral amputation and bilateral transfemoral amputation with residual upper limbs too short to oppose is presented. The multiple 'high-tech' and 'low-tech' devices used on a daily basis to move around his house and community, control his environment, communicate and feed himself without the use of limbs, prostheses or a second person are outlined. Findings and outcomes: Recent advances in electronics, computing and telecommunications technologies provide him with capabilities not possible 10 years ago. Conclusion: The process and pitfalls in sourcing technology solutions and the innovative solutions to meet the unique functional needs of this individual provide guidance to those with similarly severe and profound limitations to independence. Clinical relevance Descriptions of technology solutions to improve independent functioning of those with quadruple amputation without prostheses as well as those with high-level spinal cord injury are of value to occupational therapists, patients and families alike.


The results are presented here of multi–wavelength observa tions centred on two fields of the Leiden–Berkeley Deep Survey, which form the basis for a stud y of the population and cosmic evolution of the high redshift, low power, Fanaroff & Ril ey class I (FRI) radio galaxies. These fields, Hercules.1 and Lynx.2, contain a complete sample of 81 radio sources with S1.4GHz > 0.5 mJy within 0.6 square degrees. Wide–field, ∼1.5′′ resolution, radio observations, along with near infra–red and optical imaging, and some multi–object spectroscopy, are used to select the best high–redshift FRI candidates, gi ving 37 in total. Currently, the host galaxy identification fraction is 86% with 11 sources re maining unidentified at a level of r>25.2 (Hercules; 4 sources) or r>24.4 (Lynx; 7 sources) and K∼>20. Spectroscopic redshifts are determined for 49% of the sample and photometric redshif t estimates are presented for the sample sources without spectra or previously published res ults. 95% of the 37 best FRI high-redshift candidate sources were t hen observed using sub– arcsecond radio resolution, with the aim of detecting exten ded emission with respect to compact core features – vital for unambiguous morphological cl assification. The nature of the radio observations meant that 10 extra sample sources could also b e included in the data. Lower resolution data were also taken for the Lynx.2 field sources to pr ovide a comparison with the 1.5 ′′


Authors' address: Prof. Dr.W. F. B. Brinkman, M. D. and J. Tolk, Ph. D., E. N. T. Department of the University, Nijmegen (Netherlands) We have succeeded in obtaining aural microphonics from 7 out of 9 patients whom we used for our experiments. 6 patients were operated upon for otitis media chronica. Three had to undergo stapes mobilization. The first two measurings failed because of insufficient precautions. The sound volume of aural microphonics in man is probably 20 to 50 times less than, e.g., in a cat. For a stimulator a Schallsonde is used, manufactured from a modified crystal microphone. Good grounding and isolation are indispensable. Our measurings have been done in an ordinary operation theatre, which was not isolated, nor was the patient. The diathermy in the operation theatre has to be switched off during the measurings. The sensitive electrode is brought into the round window. Via the electrical instruments it is possible to reproduce aural microphonics, visibly on the screen of the oscilloscope, audibly via ear phones. The Schallsonde is powered by 1,000 cycl./sec; volume about 60 dB. As soon as the sonde has been placed on the promontorium and near the windows, the microphonics can, via ear phones, also be heard by the operating surgeon. Artificial closure of the windows causes a decrease of sound. Measurings can for the time being only be qualitative. With two of the three patients on whom stapes mobilization was performed a measurable improvement could in this way be registered electrically. Wτith these two patients also a distinct improvement could be shown on the post-operative audiogram.


Trust is central to any commercial transaction. As with traditional commerce, e-commerce requires trust across the whole spectrum of users and providers of services and goods. It is an Internet application that runs on an infrastructure composed of computers, software and communication systems and uses the Internet's key infrastructure applications. Developing new kinds of commercial activities in the Cyberspace hinges on assuring consumers and businesses that their use of network services is secure and reliable, that their transactions are safe, and that they will be able to verify information about transactions and transacting parties. The purpose of this study is two fold. The first is to determine, the business value of Internet. The second is to discuss trust and confidence issues in cyberspace.


An attempt was made to predict the cooling transformation over the entire range of pearlite reaction, from the isothermal transformation kinetic data. A kinetic equation of pearlite transformation during cooling was derived by applying an additivity rule to the transformed fractions. A good agreement was observed between the measured and calculated cooling transformation curves although the pearlite reaction would not precisely satisfy any one of the additive conditions. A possible deviation of a cooling transformation kinetics from that estimated with the additivity rule was considered based on the nucleation and growth process. It was found that the transformed fractions of pearlite appeared to be additive firstly because the change in the ratio of the nucleation to the growth rate as a function of supercooling was small, and secondly because the cooling transformation occurred either nearly isokinetically when the cooling rate was slow or almost in the condition of site saturation when the cooling rate was fast.


This paper presents a novel and reliable tracking-by detection method for image regions that undergo affine transformations such as translation, rotation, scale, dilatation and shear deformations, which span the six degrees of freedom of motion. Our method takes advantage of the intrinsic Lie group structure of the 2D affine motion matrices and imposes this motion structure on a kernelized structured output SVM classifier that provides an appearance based prediction function to directly estimate the object transformation between frames using geodesic distances on manifolds unlike the existing methods proceeding by linearizing the motion. We demonstrate that these combined motion and appearance model structures greatly improve the tracking performance while an incorporated particle filter on the motion hypothesis space keeps the computational load feasible. Experimentally, we show that our algorithm is able to outperform state-of-the-art affine trackers in various scenarios.


Restriction analysis for application of velocity/acceleration error compensation control strategy technology is acquired after analyzing the system dynamic performance indexes of non compensation and velocity/acceleration error compensation.After adding velocity/acceleration error compensation,the response time adds,affects the researching and capturing capacity,and forms anti-harmonious vibration cycle in intermediate frequency.In speed loop,the strategy only used in educing control phase of self-automatic tracking state,velocity and acceleration feedback.


This is a letter which is addressed to the judges of the European Union regarding the pending cases of [Spain v. Parliament and Council] that examine the validity of EU Regulation No 1257/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2012 implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the creation of unitary patent protection and that of EU Regulation No 1260/2012 of 17 December 2012 implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the creation of unitary patent protection with regard to the applicable translation arrangements. It analyses the opinion of Attorney General Bot and, in particular, it focuses on i) the absence of judicial review of the European Patent Office, around which the EU Regulations revolve; ii) the underlying aim for uniform patent law, as envisaged in Article 118 TFEU, on which the EU Regulations rest; iii) the autonomy and uniformity of European Union law, as affected by the European Patent Office and the European Unified Patent Court; iv) the human rights implications involved.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED To provide a method and system for monitoring and characterizing a human heart condition for various medical related purposes. The method includes: (a) capturing an acoustic cardiac sign of a selected person; (b) capturing substantially the same person's electrical cardiac sign; and (c) capturing the two Selecting target elements determined from the captured symptoms, selectively processing and relating such elements, and (d) creating a heart state fingerprint useful in characterizing the person's heart state And adopting the result of the associating step. From a system perspective, the system comprises (a) an acoustic and electrical data collection device that can be employed to collect acoustic and electrical data from a person, and (b) operatively connected to these devices. And a processing structure operable to process and relate the collected data to these devices for the purpose of generating a reportable cardiac status fingerprint of the person who collected such data. [Selection] Figure 4


There is a tragie element in the respective fates of these two men o/genius. Soerares (446-399BC) and Nietzsche (/844-1900). rhar connects them and keeps rhem in rhe memories of sympatheric sludents of phi/osophy. in spite of rhe distanee of rime separaring their earthly existence. rheir major temperamenral differences, rheir disrincr merhods of expression as reachers and rhi1flcers. and rlre mam' bad rhings the one has written about the orher. For rhey hert' miszmdersrood and mlsrreated hy l/zeir eontemporaries. while rhey were alive; and onl)' after rheir tragie dearhs were they recognized and honoured as siwrifiCi1'7f fr/ming poinrs in rhe history of European thought and eu/nll' t' pereeÏ\'ed now as heroes and mart)'rs of rhe spirir, t/ze hUfllul/ ~pirit in irs titanie and repeated allemprs ro liberare itself fmm r/ze fetrers of common cusroms and stupidity in order 10 lilt' /ll aeeordanee with rhe demands of human dignity underslood dij]ërenrly by eaeh. bUl feit deeply in their sensi/ive souls, and expressed exeepriona/~l' in l/zeir selffashioned lives,


The analysis of published data on prognostic factors and treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma has been carried out, feasibility of predicting relapses and treatment for patients with kidney cancer is covered. In publications over the last ten years, more attention is paid to methods of surgical treatment of kidney cancer. Progressive development of interventional radiology techniques opens up new possibilities for the treatment of such patients and enables to optimize surgical treatment.


In water-saving irrigation engineering design,the work of reading and writing the data of elevation and the length of pipeline is always cumbersome and tedious.In this paper,secondary development for AutoCAD program is conducted through using VBA to read and write the data of elevation and length of every pipe accurately and swiftly,and directly write them into Excel file.The application of the program will enhance the efficiency of the statistics work.It can be popularized in similar environment.What 's more,it provides a vigorous supporting for the next development or perfection.


Citation: IFSCC Magazine, 11 (2008) (3) 207–215

Contrary to the skin biological end points used for determination of the sun protection factor and UVA protection factor, generation of excess free radicals in skin – mainly reactive oxygen species – is potentially the source of much skin damage and so represents a more general biophysical answer to the effects of sun exposure of different wavelengths. By applying electron spin resonance spectroscopy to human skin biopsies, we determined in previous work a free radical action spectrum covering the ultraviolet and visible light range. Convolution of the action spectrum with sunlight spectral irradiance (280–700nm) showed the importance of visible light in free radical generation. This unexpected finding led us to perform further investigations. Firstly, an existing sun simulator was modified so that its output truly mimics the sun's full spectrum, including visible light. Human skin biopsies were irradiated either by this device or a conventional UV source, confirming our previous calculations: half of the free radicals are generated in the 400–700nm visible wavelength range. Secondly, the visible spectrum of the modified sun simulator was divided into narrow-band lights using different pairs of short- and long-pass filters. Human skin biopsies impregnated with specific spin traps were exposed to the different narrow-band lights to identify different types of free radicals. Generation of dangerous radical species like •O2-, •OH and •CH-R was observed in different parts of the visible range, confirming the relevance of the free radical action spectrum and its ability to predict skin protection.

Keywords:  UV + VIS solar simulator, ex vivo human skin, free radicals, action spectrum, Electron Spin Resonance


Since (f(a)+/(a))/2 and (f(a)-f(a))/2i are, respectively, the real and imginary parts of f(a), then f(a) is a ring isomorphism of C1 onto S2n. Again the question is asked: if f is a scalar function for which the matrices f(u) and f(U) are defined, under what condition does q(f(u)) f(q(u))? This question is answered by the following theorem. Theorem. Let U = ?)(u). Let a1, ...,.ar be the distinct eigenvalues of


Article developed as a result of research Project of Studies in Cardiology at the University Center Montes Belos UniMB, Veterinary Medicine course Comparative Study of the Cardiological Profile between Dogs and Men: parameters of the main cardiopathies and anatomical similarities. The specific objective of this analysis is to reassess the proximities between the classes' hominidae and canidae regarding the anatomical aspect of the heart. The proximities, similarities and distances, differences between the cardiac morphometric of the dog and the human. The theoretical referencing was based on an argumentative basis by Ghoshal (1986), Carvalho et al. (2002) and Queiroz et al. (2018) for argumentative support in cardiac and human cardiac morphometric discussion, Cunningham (2011) for cardiac physiology and other authors with equal importance for the support of the argumentative archetype of this work.


The Anadyr-Koryak region in northeastern USSR consists of a series of exotic terranes, most of which arrived from the Pacific and accreted to the Eurasian margin in Cretaceous and Tertiary times. Eight major terranes can be recognized: (1) The Kanchalan and (2) Pekulnei terranes include possible ancient blocks in their cores. The (3) Penzhina, (4) Ust' Belaya, and (5) Vaega terranes (which are parts of the Talovo-Mainsky zone) have chaotic structure incorporating Paleozoic and early Mesozoic oceanic, island arc, continental rise, and other lithologie assemblages indicative of a subduction melange environment. The (6) Mainits and (7) Ekonai terranes (two parts of the Khatyrka megaterrane) contain late Paleozoic and Triassic island arc and back-arc assemblages with faunas of Tethyan provenance. The (8) Olyutorsky terrane is composed mostly of Late Cretaceous island arc assemblages which accreted to the Eurasian margin in the middle Tertiary. Computed trajectories of Kula/Eurasia and Pacific/Eurasia relative motions suggest that some (or most) of these terranes traveled thousands of kilometers from the central Pacific until they eventually collided with, and were attached to, the Eurasian margin.


Abstract The current study investigated the impact of roads on native wildlife fauna in Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan. By conducting driven transects over a period of 24 months (March 2012–February 2014), we identified 131 carcasses resulting from wildlife-vehicle collisions or "road kill", comprising 18 vertebrate species from seven different orders. The Asiatic jackal (Canis aureus; Linnaeus, 1758) was the most common road kill (37.4%), followed by the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctatus; Hodgson, 1836; 9.9%) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes; Linnaeus, 1758; 8.4%). Road kill incidences included both nocturnal (55.6%) and diurnal species (44.5%). The maximum number of road kills were encountered in the Rawalpindi district area (46.6%), followed by Chakwal (36.6%), Jhelum (8.4%) and Attock (8.4%). The majority of road kills occurred on paved roads (93.9%; 0.009 road kill/km) with significantly fewer occurrences on unpaved roads (6.1%; 0.004 road kill/km). Similarly, 77% (0.009/km) of the road kills were found adjacent to protected areas. The majority of road kills (33%) occurred during the spring (February–April) but less in summer (May–July) and winter (November–January) (19.8% for both). The study provides important data on road mortality of wildlife species in the region bordering protected areas in the Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan, to initiate management and conservation strategies.


A headrest system comprising a headrest (16, 17), a headrest (11) mounted to the bracket, and the actuator (12). The actuator (12) is configured such that a headrest (16, 17) at least a portion (17) relative to the bracket transversely to the longitudinal displacement of the bracket member (19) displaced. The actuator (12) comprises a drive shaft (22, 23) coupled to the shaft and the power transmission means (22, 23) of the drive means. Shaft drive means (22, 23) comprises a shaft (22) and a shaft (22) with the spindle nut (23). The drive device is disposed within the housing defining a cavity in a headrest (16, 17) (19).


Sustainability is meeting the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This study focused on the sustainable construction strategies used in the kingdom of Bahrain in terms of sustainable construction technologies and management strategy linked to the environment, and the significant relationship between the management strategy and construction technologies used for sustainable building construction. This study employed the descriptive-correlational method of research using a questionnaire in gathering data about the sustainable construction strategies used in Bahrain. The data gathered were analyzed using the weighted mean and Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine the degree of correlation between construction technologies and management strategy. SPSS software was used in the calculation.
Results showed that management strategy linked to the environment is often practiced in around 75% of all projects delivered while general sustainable construction methods, energy and material-based techniques, and waste-based techniques are sometimes utilized in around 50% of all the building projects delivered. In addition, the utilization of these sustainable construction technologies is the result of management strategy linked to the environment which the respondents rated it as often practiced for all projects that were delivered and implies that management strategy in protecting the environment in Bahrain is often practiced in construction for 75% across the projects.
From the results of the study, a model of sustainable building construction in the kingdom of Bahrain was derived in order to achieve sustainable building construction which includes the management strategies needed by the different stakeholders like construction firms and government agencies to carry out the implementation of sustainable construction and sustainable construction techniques which may include waste management, insulating materials, building envelope with thermal properties, building management system, and efficient fixtures.


The Amazon rainforest is the largest and most biologically diverse ecosystem in the planet. Moisture-laden tropical winds from the Atlantic Ocean enter the Amazon, bringing precipitation to the forest; the dense canopy then then transpires and contributes water for precipitation downwind. In fact, it has been estimated that between 20% and 40% of Amazonian rain comes from transpiration and evaporation (ET) from the forest itself. However, only recently have we been able to quantify the contribution of Amazonian ET to precipitation. Using the state-of-the art Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) atmospheric model with water tracers, we are able to trace the moisture that originates from the Amazon rainforest. This is analogous to putting dye in the model's hydrologic cycle. By visualizing the output of this model we were able to show, for the first time, that the diurnal cycle of transpiration provides a clear diurnal signal to the overlying atmospheric water vapor and can be visualized as a "beating" over the Amazon. The rain and the winds also have a clear diurnal cycle, and shows how the land's signature can be seen in the hydroclimatology above.


This paper investigates the relationship between the socioeconomic status of successive husbands for two national [U.S.] samples of women who married two or more times. Data are from a sample of 743 women included in the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women and 413 younger women from the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women of 1967 who were followed up after remarriage in 1978. "Socioeconomic homogamy as indicated by the educational attainment and occupational status of spouses is quite similar in first and second marriages for both cohorts. On average the socioeconomic standing of husbands in subsequent marriages is about equal to those in previous marriages when one adjusts for the career trajectories of the men involved. Socioeconomic variables timing and the presence of children all influence the chances of finding an accomplished second husband. The implications of these findings for the welfare of children of disrupted families and for future trends in the socioeconomic homogamy are discussed." (EXCERPT)


H ildegard Elizabeth Peplau, known as the &dquo;mothJL er of psychiatric nursing,&dquo; was born on September 1, 1909, and died almost 90 years later on March 17, 1999. She worked at every level of practice, in public and private educational settings, and served in the United States military and in a variety of elected and selected positions in national and international professional organizations. The effect of her leadership continues to be felt globally not only in psychiatric circles but also in all of nursing.


The authors studied the effects of homocysteine on thrombomodulin expression and protein C activation in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The ad dition of 5mM homocysteine to endothelial cells pro duced slight increases in thrombomodulin mRNA and thrombomodulin synthesis without affecting cellular via bility. In a cell-free protein C activation assay, homocys teine irreversibly inactivated both thrombomodulin and protein C. The authors conclude that by inhibiting both thrombomodulin surface expression and protein C activa tion, homocysteine may contribute to the development of thrombosis in patients with cystathionine-beta-synthase deficiency. — RLB.


How is nuclear size regulated relative to cell size? Using microfluidic encapsulation of Xenopus laevis embryo extracts, biochemical fractionation, and in vivo experiments, Chen et al. demonstrate that reductions in cytoplasmic volume and limiting components, including the histone chaperone nucleoplasmin, contribute to developmental nuclear size scaling.


This paper presents an FPGA implementation of a high-performance rank filter for video and image processing. The architecture exploits the features of current FPGAs and offers tradeoffs between complexity and performance. By maximizing the operating frequency, the complexity of the filter structure can be considerably reduced compared to previous 2D architectures.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the change of drug resistance of the gram-negative bacilli to imipenem so as to provide basis for the clinical use of imipenem.METHODS The WHONET data of the hospital was employed to retrospectively analyze the drug resistance of 3801 strains of gram-negative bacilli isolated from 2007 to 2011.RESULTS The drug resistance rates of the gram-negative bacilli isolated from 2007 to 2011 varied between 15.2% and 19.6% with the average of 16.9%,the difference was statistically significant during the five years.The drug resistance rate of the Enterobacteriaceae strains varied between 1.6% and 7.9% with an average of 3.7%,and the difference was statistically significant during the five years(P0.05),the drug resistance rate kept an upward trend in 2007-2010,descending down to 2.3%.The drug resistance rates of the extended spectrum beta lactamase(ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Klebsiella oxytoca,and Proteus mirabilis varied between 0% and 8.5% with an average of 3.3%,the difference was statistically significant during the 5 years(P 0.05),the drug resistance rate kept an increasing trend in 2007-2010 and dropped in 2011.Of all the non-ESBL-producing E.coli,K.pneumoniae,K.oxytoca,and P.mirabilis strains,there were no imipenem-resistant strains in the five years.The drug resistance rate of the non-fermenting bacteria varied between 34.9% and 41.5% with an average of 37.5%,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05),the drug resistance rate showed an increasing trend in 2007-2010 and then dropped 2011.The drug resistance rate of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains varied between 43.0% and 9.1% with an average of 28.0%,the difference was statistically significant in the 5 years(P 0.05),the drug resistance rate kept an downward trend.The drug resistance rate of the Acinetobacter baumannii strains varied between 3.3% and 49.0% with an average of 34.3%,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05),the drug resistance rate showed an upward trend. CONCLUSION The gram-negative bacilli remain highly sensitive to imipenem,among which the Enterobacteriaceae strains have strong antibacterial activity,the non-fermenting bacteria do not have strong antibacterial activity,and the P.aeruginosa strains have stronger antibacterial activity than did the A.baumannii strains.


Introduction: Clouds play an important role in martian climate. They are closely related to martian atmospheric circulation and water vapor cycle and play an important role in the removal of dust particles from the atmosphere through the condensation on them and subsequent precipitation. Here we present some preliminary results of cloud distribution as it was observed from SPICAM. Measurements: SPICAM is two-channel (UV and IR) spectrometer onboard Mars Express. Here we consider measurements of its UV channel which covers 118-320 nm range of wavelengths. Detection of clouds. The martian ice clouds in most cases are quite prominent in UV due to the low albedo of the martian surface in the considered wavelength range. The main problem in cloud detection is due to the dependence of UV reflectivity not only from the albedo but also from the surface pressure. This causes a decrease of reflectivity above the mountains and an increase above the valleys (Fig 1a, 2a). Since clouds also manifest themselves by an increase of reflectivity (Fig.3a) there is a problem in cloud detection above deep valleys. But if we consider the ratio between the "red" and "blue" part of the spectra (hereafter called color ratio) we clearly see that clouds have quite different spectral signatures than valleys (Fig 2b, 3b). Namely, they show maxima in the red/blue color ratio while the reflectivity above valleys show minima. Results: The most prominent cloud structure is an equatorial cloud belt (Fig. 4) which starts to develop at about Ls=90° above the Tharsis region and above the Chryse Planitia. At Ls=100-110° it is already well developed and prominent clouds appear also above the Tempe Terra, Amazonis Planitia, the region of Elysium Mons and Arabia Terra. It continues to be very prominent up to Ls=130° adding significant cloudiness above Syrtis Major Planum and starts to decay at Ls=130-140°. We should also mention very prominent clouds above the Hellas basin in Ls=120-130° which disappear later. In period Ls=140-170° there are mostly some particular clouds in the Tharsis region and around Elysium Mons. After Ls= 170° the martian atmosphere changes to northern winter mode and clouds appear mostly at the high latitudes (Fig.5). We should mention the Alba Patera region, the Elysium Mons region and the western part of Acidalia Planitia as the most active cloud formation areas. In the period Ls= 200-365-90° we see mainly clouds which are connected with major volcanoes and only a few clouds connected with the north polar hood. Although this period covers the period of the north polar hood presence we do not see it well due to the geographical distribution of the orbits. Conclusion: SPICAM measurements give a significant contribution to other existing datasets in the description of the martian clouds. The measurements clearly detected an equatorial cloud belt and the beginning of the north polar hood formation. Fig 4 shows also that cloudiness in the part of the belt which covers Amazonis Planitia and Elysium Planitia is connected with the border between the south highland and the north lowland clearly indicating upwelling movement of air on this border. The topography also plays some role in the beginning of the north polar hood formation showing strong cloudiness in Alba Patera and Elysium Mons regions.


The omphalomesenteric duct (OMD) is an embryonic structure connecting the yolk sac to the midgut. Failure of the resorption of the duct results in several anomalies. These anomalies usually occur in approximately 2% of the population. Individuals having such anomalies may remain asymptomatic throughout life. The embryonic vitelline duct obliterates in 5 to 9 weeks of intrauterine life normally. Persistence of this results in vitellointestinal duct/ omphalomesenteric duct anomalies. It is usually seen in the paediatric age group. Moreover, they have a different course in adults than the paediatric age group in which they frequently involute and have a benign course. These remnants are prone to infection and development of malignancy. A proper diagnostic workup by clinical and imaging tools is required. Hereby we have reported a rare case of remnant OMD which presented as an umbilical sinus with a granuloma in an adult patient.


The PPOSS (Planetary Protection of Outer Solar System bodies) project, coordinated by the European
Science Foundation is supported by the European Commission Horizon 2020 programme. This project
kicked-off in January 2016 and will last for three years.
The PPOSS project intends to consider how planetary protection policy has been developed and is
being implemented, it will look at case studies, lessons learnt and good practices in order to produce a
Planetary Protection handbook that will be widely disseminated.
The project will also look forward and address the complex issues of organic and biological contamination
of outer solar system bodies, in particular small bodies and moons of gas giant planets. PPOSS
will identify knowledge gaps, propose scientific goals and suggest activities to overcome the main hurdles
to reach these goals.
Besides scientific issues, PPOSS will consider the European engineering landscape and the capacity of
the European industry to meet the challenges raised by planetary protection of outer solar system bodies,
an engineering roadmap will result from this effort.
As a one of the main outcomes, the PPOSS project will eventually review the international planetary
protection regulation structure, process and categorization related to outer solar system bodies, it will
suggest policy improvements to COSPAR Panel on Planetary Protection.
PPOSS is implemented by a consortium of seven European and international organisations (European
Science Foundation, DLR, COSPAR, Eurospace, INAF, Space Technology Ireland, Imperial College) as
well as by international partners, including the Chinese Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Space
Technology. The project intends to broaden its international footprint and allow a dedicated forum to
address the scientific, technical and policy challenges raised by planetary protection of outer solar system
bodies.


ABSTRACT How many current texts should there be on the anatomy of the eye? The standard for comparison is the 1961 volume by Duke-Elder and Wybar in the System of Ophthalmology. Since the volume being reviewed contains chapters on comparative anatomy of the eye and embryology of the eye, one should add comparison with Duke-Elder's 1958 volume, The Eye in Evolution and the 1963 volume of Duke-Elder and Cook on embryology, both in the System.There are numerous points of difference worth noting in addition to the general proposition that the competition between two books serves to keep both sets of authors putting out their best work. The 529 pages of Last's revision of Wolff are small in comparison to 901, 843, and 313 pages of the three volumes in the System. Obviously the present volume does not pretend to the exhaustiveness of the System, and its correspondingly smaller price makes


To investigate the effect of an elliptically polarized undulator (EPU) on the linear optics and dynamic aperture of storage ring a model is required for use in an optics code. An EPU can be modelled as an array of skew dipole magnets. The skew angle ranges from zero to ninety degrees depending on the degree of polarization. Crudely the EPU can be modelled using alternating skew dipole blocks. A model that better reproduces the sinusoidally varying fields can be achieved by slicing blocks into smaller subsets. Field roll-off produced by the limited transverse dimensions of the magnet blocks can be included as skew multipoles. For example the roll-off of the horizontal field in the vertical undulator mode is very nearly a skew sextupole. Corrections using multipole magnets are discussed.


Landscape parks in England are usually studied as "works of art", their appearance and structure interpreted and explained in terms of the aesthetic and philosophical texts produced by a small group of contemporary intellectuals. The landscape park, that is, is considered primarily as an aesthetic artefact, and the evidence for its elucidation collected accordingly: evidence which, we should not be surprised to learn, confirms its artistic status. Such a simple approach to the eighteenth-century park was not, however, necessarily shared by contemporaries. The members of the aristocracy and gentry who lived in and paid for these landscapes had more complex interests and needs. When they altered, amended or simply ignored the suggestions of Brown, Woods or Richmond (as they generally did), or as they formulated their own ideas of parkland design, they were creating landscapes with a wide range of functions; landscapes which were far more than the setting for a country house, or a pretty prospect to be viewed from its windows. Parks were homes, farms and forestry enterprises as well as being pictures. Moreover, these diverse activities were not simply fitted round or hidden away from the dominant aesthetic. They lay at the very heart of the landscape park.