OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin A injection compared with topical nitroglycerin ointment for the treatment of chronic anal fissure (CAF).METHODS:Fifty outpatients with CAF were randomized to receive either a single botulinum toxin injection (30 IU Botox®) or topical nitroglycerin ointment 0.2% b.i.d. for 2 wk. If the initial therapy failed, patients were assigned to the other treatment group for a further 2 wk. If CAF still showed no healing at wk 4, patients received combination therapy of botulinum toxin and nitroglycerin for 4 additional wk. Persisting CAF at wk 8 was treated according to the investigator's decision. Healing rates, symptoms, and side effects of the therapy were recorded at wk 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 after randomization.RESULTS:The group initially treated with nitroglycerin showed a higher healing rate of CAF (13 of 25, 52%) as compared with the botulinum toxin group (6 of 25, 24%) after the first 2 wk of therapy (p < 0.05). At the end of wk 4, CAF healed in three additional patients, all receiving nitroglycerin after initial botulinum toxin injection. Mild side effects occurred in 13 of 50 (26%) patients, all except one were on nitroglycerin.CONCLUSIONS:Nitroglycerin ointment was superior to the more expensive and invasive botulinum toxin injection for initial healing of CAF, but was associated with more but mild side effects.


The identification of large igneous provinces (LIPs) and associated mantle plumes has been confined for the most part to the Mesozoic and Cenozoic record. With few exceptions, pre-Mesozoic LIPs have been partially or totally destroyed by tectonic and erosional processes. Here, we describe a method of identifying the remnants of pre-Mesozoic LIPs and the location of paleoplumes from the convergent points of giant radiating dyke swarms. It is based on the observations from seven case histories that giant radiating dyke swarms converge towards known mantle plume centers beneath the volcanic accumulations of Mesozoic and Cenozoic LIPs. We describe three additional Mesozoic and 14 pre-Mesozoic swarms which likely focus on paleoplumes. Several other candidates are also considered.


Purpose
Intimate partner violence (IPV) represents a widespread social and public health problem. Researchers have been shown association between IPV and mental health problems. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the literature on relationship between wide ranges of mental health problems.

Design/methodology/approach
Research papers related to mental health problems among IPV perpetrators and published in leading academic journals in UK and abroad from 1987 to 2017 were identified and reviewed.

Findings
Although there were some equivocal findings, the authors found that most of the available research suggests that there is a variety of psychological health problems among IPV perpetrators. Specifically, there was evidence of a significant relationship between anger problems, anxiety, depression, suicidal behaviour, personality disorders, alcoholism or problem gambling and perpetration of IPV. Results from analysed studies identified high rates of co-morbid disorders in IPV perpetrators.

Practical implications
The findings highlight the need for treatment services to undertake screening and assessment of wide range of psychological difficulties to be able to provide best treatment approaches.

Originality/value
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that has included studies evaluating various psychological health problems among perpetrators of IPV.


In this paper,the optimum placement of PZT patches for active noise control within irregular cavity is analyzed.A control function of locality target is present ed by building up a system model of irregular cavity and by using a single pair of PZT patches located in the local noise field at center of the panel as an example.After optimization of the placement ,good effect of noise reduction is obtained at different disturbing frequencies.


Standard Symbolic Aggregation Approximation (SAX) is at the core of many effective time series data mining algorithms. Its combination with Bag-of-Patterns (BoP) has become the standard approach with state-of-the-art performance on standard datasets. However, standard SAX with the BoP representation might neglect internal temporal correlation embedded in the raw data. In this paper, we proposed time warping SAX, which extends the standard SAX with time delay embedding vector approaches to account for temporal correlations. We test time warping SAX with the BoP representation on 12 benchmark datasets from the UCR Time Series Classification/Clustering Collection. On 9 datasets, time warping SAX overtakes the state-of-the-art performance of the standard SAX. To validate our methods in real world applications, a new dataset of vital signs data collected from patients who may require blood transfusion in the next 6 hours was tested. All the results demonstrate that, by considering the temporal internal correlation, time warping SAX combined with BoP improves classification performance.


We develop a fourth-order numerical integrator to simulate the coupled spin and orbital motions of two rigid bodies having arbitrary mass distributions under the influence of their mutual gravitational potential. We simulate the dynamics of components in well-characterized binary and triple near-Earth asteroid systems and use surface of section plots to map the possible spin configurations of the satellites. For asynchronous satellites, the analysis reveals large regions of phase space where the spin state of the satellite is chaotic. For synchronous satellites, we show that libration amplitudes can reach detectable values even for moderately elongated shapes. The presence of chaotic regions in the phase space has important consequences for the evolution of binary asteroids. It may substantially increase spin synchronization timescales, explain the observed fraction of asychronous binaries, delay BYORP-type evolution, and extend the lifetime of binaries. The variations in spin rate due to large librations also affect the analysis and interpretation of light curve and radar observations.


Art. III.?1. A Manual of Physiology, including Physiological Anatomy. By William B. Caiipehter, M.D., 1 .R.S., F.G.S., Examiner in Physiology and Comparative Anatomy in the University of London, &c. &c.?London, 1851. Fcap. 8vo, pp. 616. With Two Plates and 165 Wood Engravings. 2. Hand-book of Physiology. By William Senhouse Kirkes, M.D., Registrar and Demonstrator of Morbid Anatomy at St. Bartholomew's


Analytical models of the flow passing through a porous actuator disc can be used to estimate the power that can be extracted by a wind or tidal turbine. However, the models that have been developed to date assume that the flow field is uniform upstream of the turbine. In practice this is not the case for both wind and tidal turbines, where a non-uniform sheared velocity profile is more likely. To help overcome this problem, in this paper we extend the traditional actuator disc models to incorporate nonuniform upstream flow. Using the extended model we show that flow non-uniformity alters the power that can be removed by a disc in a confined flow because it alters the 'effective blockage' of the disc. Results from the model compare very well with numerical solution of the Euler equations and have potentially important implications for quantifying blockage effects experienced by wind turbines in tunnels and tidal turbines in tidal channels when the velocity profile is not uniform.


Abstract Push-pull technology improves agricultural productivity. However, its long-term effect on biomass carbon and soil organic carbon (SOC) is not yet known. The aims of this study were: to assess the effect of push-pull technology on (1) biomass carbon and (2) SOC, considering climatic conditions and the length of time that push-pull had been practiced on a farm; and (3) to establish the relationship between biomass carbon and SOC on farms. Aboveground biomass carbon and SOC were measured on 36 farms in western Kenya, encompassing three contrasting sites (Bondo, Siaya and Vihiga) and six cropping systems (push-pull and five non-push-pull systems). Farms in western Kenya stock between 3.0 ± 0.3 and 4.0 ± 0.4 t C ha−1 in crop biomass and between 24.4 ± 2.1 and 37.0 ± 2.6 t C ha−1 in the soil for those practicing push-pull, and between 1.1 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.2 t C ha−1 biomass carbon and between 19.2 ± 2.1 and 31.1 ± 1.7 t C ha−1 soil carbon for those without push-pull. There was no correlation between biomass carbon and SOC. Adoption of push-pull offers opportunities to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration in plants and soils in low-, medium- and high-rainfall environments in both long and short rain seasons.


Recent trends in the globalization of production have connected the fortunes of workers across borders in new ways. The linkage results from lowwage competition, a central strategy that Ž rms use to lower costs, particularly in labor-intensive industries. Downward pressure on earnings and beneŽ ts in one country, coupled with the mobility of physical capital, spills over to affect workers in other countries. How best to withstand these downward pressures in individual countries, given that our lives are increasingly interwoven? The current debate on labor standards re ects this conundrum, and a central question is, "Which strategies are mutually beneŽ cial to workers across countries?" To answer, we must necessarily understand the interests of workers in affected countries. Naila Kabeer has written a book that contributes to this goal, artfully giving voice to the Bangladeshi women working in the garment industry in Dhaka and London. Kabeer states that her work is in part motivated by what she sees as Northern doublespeak – a concern about the plight of Third World women's exploitation in export factory work, and at the same time, a push for trade policies that hurt those same women. Kabeer's perspective, shared by many scholars and activists from the global South, questions the economic hegemony of the North and the willingness of Northern workers as well as capitalists to write the rules of trade in their favor. She has written this book in part to offer an alternative feminist analysis, one based on the perspectives of Third World women, who are so often invisible in policy debates. To this end, Kabeer uses a testimony-based methodology to examine the effects of employment on their lives. Drawing on interviews with sixty women garment workers in Dhaka and Ž fty-three in London, Kabeer creates a coherent and insightful portrait of the forces that shape women's


We used published and public microarray data (1, 2) to identify the most significant gene expression changes in the brains of patients with psychotic disorders. We identified Imprinted gene in the Prader-Willi syndrome region (IPW) (3) as differentially expressed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia as well as in the parvalbumin-positive layer 3 neurons of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. IPW likely encodes a non-coding RNA (4, 5) and is a regulator of the imprinted DLK1-DIO3 locus (4); we found that IPW was expressed at significantly higher levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with psychotic disorders.


Stable, high energy excimer lasers providing pulsed output energies ranging from 100 mJ up to over 1000 mJ in the ultraviolet region with photon energies as high as 5 eV (248 nm), 6.3 eV (193 nm) or 7.9 eV (157 nm) lend maximum flexibility to laser microprocessing, since virtually every material is amenable to accurate, high resolution material ablation without subsequent cleaning. Due to the UV photons provided with no up-conversion required as direct output by excimer lasers, output powers of many hundred watts are easily achievable and are key to high throughput, and up-scaling capability of manufacturing processes. Most important for reproducible production results is a temporally and spatially stable behavior of consecutive laser pulses as well as utmost lateral homogeneity of the on-sample energy density (fluence). These requirements constitute the superiority of excimer lasers over other pulsed UV laser sources such as lamp-pumped Nd:YAG lasers. Pulse-to-pulse stabilities of less than 1 %, rms as easily provided by excimer laser systems which cannot be achieved with frequency converted Nd:YAG. Laser systems. In particular, the large flat-top excimer laser profile is well-suited for most efficient parallel processing of two and three dimensional microstructures. Spectral properties, temporal pulse and laser beam parameters of state of the art UV excimer lasers and beam delivery systems will be compared with frequency converted, flash-lamp pumped Nd:YAG lasers.


Central Venous Cannulation is a routine procedure done in the Operation Theatre and the Intensive Care Unit. Malpositioning is a very common occurance with the regular anatomical landmark technique. As the central venous catheters are essential in various critical care scenarios, hence any misplacement can hamper its purpose. Here we have three cases where in we saw the migration of the Right Subclavian Vein Catheter into the Ipsilateral Internal Jugular Vein, Contralateral Subclavian Vein and into the Ipsilateral External Jugular Vein radiologically. Hence a thorough knowledge of normal and variant anatomy is required for the proper positioning of Central Venous Catheters. Also radiological techniques like ultrasound guided cannulation may avoid inadverdent arterial puncture but may not be able to avoid malpositioning.


Customized web services are offered to users by grouping them according to their access patterns. Clustering techniques are very useful in grouping users and analyzing web access patterns. Clustering can be an object clustering performed on feature vectors or relational clustering performed on relational data. The relational clustering is preferred over object clustering for web users' sessions because of high dimensionality and sparsity of web users' data. However, relational clustering of web users depends on underlying dissimilarity measures used. Therefore, correct dissimilarity measure for matching relational web access patterns between user sessions is very important. In this chapter, the various dissimilarity measures used in relational clustering of web users' data are discussed. The concept of an augmented user session is also discussed to derive different augmented session dissimilarity measures. The discussed session dissimilarity measures are used with relational fuzzy clustering algorithms. The comparative performance binary session similarity and augmented session similarity measures are evaluated using intra-cluster and inter-cluster distance-based cluster quality ratio. The results suggested the augmented session dissimilarity measures in general, and intuitive augmented session (dis)similarity measure, in particular, performed better than the other measures. A Relative Performance of Dissimilarity Measures for Matching Relational Web Access Patterns Between User Sessions


A reaction of electrophilic bromination of norbornadiene homologs such as bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene (4) and bicyclo[3.2.2]nona-6,8-diene (7) with bromine gave hitherto unknown skeleton rearranged dibromides. The rearrangement may proceed via a bromonium cation of starting diene to give bicyclo[3.2.1]octene or bicyclo[3.3.1]nonene skeleton in respective cases. The observed rearrangement reactions are also confirmed in 6,7-bis(methoxycarbonyl) derivatives of bicyclodiene 7 under similar conditions.


Duplex renal system, a common congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract, is preferably identified through screening. For obstructed symptomatic duplications, prompt relief of obstruction to forestall renal parenchymal loss is recommended. We present a case of neglected obstruction of the right upper moiety in an adult female with discordant bilateral renal duplex system. A 49-year-old female with a 10-year history of recurrent right flank pain and fever presented for clinical evaluation and treatment. She had no such symptoms in early childhood. A diagnosis was made of obstructed right upper renal moiety in bilateral discordant renal duplication with complete moiety parenchymal destruction. She had right renal exploration with complete excision of the hydronephrotic sac and the grossly dilated moiety ureter down to the obstruction at the fusion of both upper and lower moiety ureters. Her postoperative period was uneventful. She is symptomfree and her urinary tract is structurally intact. Hitherto asymptomatic renal duplication can become symptomatic in early adulthood from intrinsic moiety ureter obstruction, suggesting a need for lifetime monitoring of persons with duplex renal systems. Late presentation with neglected symptoms, and consequent renal moiety destruction as seen here, is a result of the absence of such monitoring.


To search the infrared behaviour of the propagator in three dimensional QED ordinary perturbative method is not appropriate because of its bad infrared divergences[4].Assuming spectral representation and LSZ reduction formula,we evaluate the infrared behaviour or the mass singularity of the fermion propagator in three dimensional QED as in four dimension.In quenched case with bare photon mass we obtain the Coulomb energy and Dynamical mass by lowest intermediate state.After exponentiation of this leads the non-perturbative propagator. Including massless vacuum polarization the short distance part of the propagator has a logarithmic correction.In the long distance Coulomb force is screened to suppress mass generation.Confining property and renormalization constants are discussed.


In the said preparation, several Chinese medicines and vegetable oil are mixed, heated, and filtrated to collect the medicinal oil, into which lead powder is added, stirred and heated again. After cooling the plaster is produced. Before sticked on affected parts, the plaster is added with some medicinal powder, heated, and smeared onto a piece of cloth. Its curative effect is notable for arthritis, rheumatism, spur, fracture, etc..


We consider a finite‐horizon two‐player differential game where the players face a common terminal environmental constraint. Our aim is to verify whether the result obtained in a static context, namely, that the Pareto‐optimal cooperative solution can be attained as a normalized noncooperative Rosen equilibrium, can be generalized to a dynamic setting. We show that this is not the case. However, we provide a taxation mechanism of players' emissions that forces them to implement the less‐polluting cooperative strategies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The present study deals with free vibrations of laminated shallow spherical shells composed of linearly elastic orthotropic layers with constant thickness. The principal material directions are assumed to coincide with the shell curvature directions. Hamilton's variational principle is used to obtain the dynamic governing equat,ions in terms of displacements for both first order shear deformation (SH) and the classical-type KirchhoffLove (CL) theories. Five Mindlin-type displacement variables are utilized to take into account a thickness shear. A tenthand eighth-order systems of linear partial differential equations are obtained for SHand CL-cases, respectively. The equations obtained are transformed then into matrix form including only first order derivatives of new unknown functions which enables to apply the Godunov method. High-strength graphite-epoxy (EISG) 3-layer cross-ply laminatcd shallow spherical cap is chosen for parametric studies. The transverse shear and rotational inertia effects are discussed here.


One implication of the standard hot big bang cosmology is that from the relics of the early universe we should in principle expect the universe to contain the same abundance of baryons and antibaryons. However there exist compelling empirical evidence that the universe is made out of matter with relative few antimatter. From the present asymmetry we can extrapolate that at the energy scale of the electroweak phase transition there was one part in 108 more matter than antimatter in the universe. The goal of baryogenesis is to explain why there is this asymmetry between the amount of matter and antimatter i. e. there is a nonbanishing ratio between the net baryon number density and entropy density (n B/s) in the universe


This work examines the semantic characteristics of idioms with lexeme oko in Serbian. The results of the analysis show that the most of these idioms (84%) are concerned man and they describe different aspects of his existing. About 34% of these idioms point to visual perception, which is expected considering the semantic and associative potential of lexeme oko .


This paper aims to review current wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies on electric vehicle charging. Basic principles of the technologies, including capacitive, electromagnetic field and magnetic gear, are elaborated. Advantages and limitations of each technology for EV charging are discussed. The latest development, key technical issues, challenges and state-of-art researches are introduced.


Surveying the economic legislation and policies of the new Blue - Red coalition government in Finland in six separate fields - competition policies, industrial relations, income policies, the financial system, taxation and the public sector - the question is asked whether the different measures can be seen as parts of an overall strategy to change the Finnish mode of regulation. Is it possible that we are witnessing the development of a two-tiered form of corporatism, combining a more traditional social corporatism on the macro-level and a new liberal corporatism on an intermediate level of production and innovation?


Simple Summary Nutritional manipulation of livestock diets has long been considered asa tool for the control of infectious diseases. The objective of this literature review is to provide a comprehensive and critical view of the studies that have investigated the interactions between synthetic amino acids supplementation and immune response against infectious diseases in livestock. We performed a literature search in two main databases, PubMed and Web of Science. Based on our criteria for eligibility of the research articles, we selected 58 studies. Most of the studies selected focus on poultry and three amino acids that are all associated with a significant improvement in host response: methionine, threonine and arginine. The most described immune mechanisms associated with synthetic amino acids supplementation were directed against intracellular pathogens. We highlight the need for more analytical studies using these three amino acids, particularly in livestock other than poultry, and their use with other types of pathogens. Abstract Infectious diseases represent one of the most critical threats to animal production worldwide. Due to the rise of pathogen resistance and consumer concern about chemical-free and environmentally friendly productions, the use of antimicrobials drugs is no longer desirable. The close relationship between nutrition and infection has led to numerous studies about livestock. The impact of feeding strategies, including synthetic amino acid supplementation, on host response to various infections has been investigated in different livestock animals. This systematic review provides a synthesis of the experimental studies on the interactions between synthetic amino acid supplementation and immune response to infectious diseases in livestock. Following PRISMA guidelines, quantitative research was conducted using two literature databases, PubMed and Web of Science. The eligibility criteria for the research articles were: (1) the host is a livestock animal; (2) the supplementation with at least one synthetic amino acid; (3) at least one mediator of immunity is measured; (4) at least one production trait is measured. Data were extracted from 58 selected studies. Articles on poultry were the most numerous; few contained experiments using ruminants and pigs. Most of the authors hypothesized that synthetic amino acid supplementation would particularly improve the animals' immune response against intracellular pathogens. An increase in T and natural killer lymphocytes and macrophages activation, intracellular redox state, lymphocytes proliferation and antibodies production were the most described immune mechanisms associated with synthetic amino acid supplementation. Most of the selected studies focused on three amino acids (methionine, threonine and arginine), all of which are associated with a significant improvement of the host immune response. The use of synthetic amino acid supplementation appears as an encouraging perspective for livestock infectious disease management, and research must concentrate on more analytical studies using these three amino acids.


: The article points out the problems in land access of ethnic minorities in Vietnam. Assess the status of land access of ethnic minorities to identify barriers and difficulties and propose a number of solutions to remove them in order to ensure the synchronous implementation of policies and create favorable conditions for consensus. Ethnic minorities promote their internal resources and develop. Many policies on land for ethnic minorities have been promulgated by the State in order to achieve sustainable access to and use of land by ethnic minorities. However, in reality, many ethnic minorities still lack residential and productive land. According to the report at the Symposium Supervision Conference of the National Assembly Standing Committee on the results of the implementation of Resolution No. 76/2014/QH13 of the National Assembly on accelerating the implementation of the poverty reduction target by 2020, it was found that: The South in the South, there are more than 58,000 ethnic minority households lacking residential land, more than 330,000 households lacking production land. This figure shows that the planning and implementation of land policies for ethnic minorities still face many difficulties and shortcomings. Therefore, making policies on land use for ethnic minorities in the current period is an urgent issue, in line with the development trend of the country.


This paper investigates how parents' expectations of co-residence with their oldest son affects schooling outcomes. Using an overlapping generations model, the effect is shown to be ambiguous; it depends on how schooling affects life cycle income profiles. The empirical analysis utilizes household data that reports young parents' expectations regarding residence in old age and also provides measures of schooling achievement for their children. Identification comes from interactions of demographic shocks that reduce the relative profitability of residence with the oldest son with state-level investments that increase schooling returns. Through regressions that also condition on the total number of children and household savings, treating both as endogenous, I find that the expectation of co-residence with the oldest son reduces his attendance in school and schooling achievement. paper uses survey data collected as part of a larger study on schooling in the state of Karnataka, India. This paper uses survey data collected as part of a larger study on schooling in the state of Karnataka, India. Data collection was generously funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. The author alone is responsible for the findings of this paper.


Bonito protein hydrolysates were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis using bonito fish as the raw material. Enzymatic hydrolysis processing was optimized using antioxidant activity and protein recovery rate as indicators. The protein hydrolysates were then separated and purified by means of ion exchange chromatography and gel chromatography. Finally, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectra(MALDI-TOF-MS), in tandem with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC) was applied for structural identification of fraction composition. The optimum For the hydrolysis reaction, the best hydrolytic enzyme and its concentration were papain; and 1.0%, respectively. The optimum pretreatment conditions were 100 ℃ for 5 minutes After 4-hour hydrolysis, three fractions, labeled A, B, and C, were obtained from the hydrolyzate through DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography. Fraction A had the highest antioxidant activity, which was further separated by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-15 column to give two fractions. The fraction with the highest antioxidant activity was labeled A1 and the other was labeled A2. Using MALDI-TOF-MS, the molecular weights of A1 and A2 were found to be around 378.830 Da. Further amino acid analysis revealed that the short-chain peptide had a possible amino acid composition of Lys, Leu, and Pro.


Two genomic fragments were isolated from a normal and a dystrophic library containing the 3'OH terminus of the fast isoform of myosin heavy chain gene. Restriction map analysis confirmed that the genes were similar. The sequences coding for myosin were defined and shown to be the same in each genomic fragment. However, using a cDNA clone for tcRNAlO2 and two specific oligomers for tcRNAlO2 sequences, we determined that only the genomic fragment from normal chick contained homologous sequences to tcRNAlO2. Dystrophic chick DNA did not contain these regions of homology. In addition, the normal genomic fragment transcribes tcRNAlO2 in vitro via RNA polymerase 111 while the corresponding fragment of DNA from dystrophic chick was inactive. These results suggest that there are detectable differences between the normal and dystrophic genomes in this regard.


Objectives

Patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with high risk of CNS infiltration or recurrence may receive prophylaxis or be treated with intrathecal injections (IT) of liposomal cytarabine (LC) once every 2 weeks (due to its sustained release of cytarabine).

Sequential flow cytometric studies in patients with CNS involvement and treated with LC, allow to detect tumor cells as well as LC liposomes (LCL) in the CSF. The true meaning of the presence of these liposomes during the treatment with LC is still unknown.

Patients and Methods

In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of LCL detected by Flow Cytrometry (FC) among 166 CSF samples of 69 patients treated with LC. Samples were taken before each administration of intrathecal LC and centrally processed.

Results

Results are shown in the below table.

| | N | |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Patients | 69 | |
| Samples | 166 | |
| Liposomal Cytarabine Liposomes (LCL) in CSF |
| | N | % | |
| Patients | 13 | 19% | |
| DLBCL | 6 | 46% | |
| LLT | 2 | 15% | |
| ALL | 2 | 15% | |
| MCL | 1 | 8% | |
| MM | 1 | 8% | |
| CLL | 1 | 8% | |
| Samples | 26 | 16% | |
| Males | 8 | 62% | |
| | 26 | 16% | |
| Age | 66 years | [33-84] | |
| LCL in CSF of patients receiving Liposomal Cytarabine PROPHYLAXIS |
| | N | Toxycity | Total no of IT LC doses |
| Patients | 7 | | |
| no of IT LC doses* | 3 (2-5). | | |
| LCL | 7 | | |
| After 1st dose | 5 | | |
| After 2nd dose | 2 | 1 LLT patient: arachnoiditis, high intrathecal pressure, papillitis, without sequelae | 5 |
| After 3rd dose | 2 | | |
| After 5th dose | 1 | | |
| LCL in CSF of patients receiving Liposomal Cytarabine leptomeningeal disease TREATMENT |
| | N | Tumor: Toxycity | Total no of IT LC doses |
| Patients | 6 | | |
| no of IT LC doses* | 6 (4-7) | | |
| LCL | 6 | | |
| After 1st dose | 3 | 1 DLBCL patient: Headache, dizziness and instability | 5 |
| | | 1 MM patient: Headache, dizziness and instability | 4 |
| After 3rd dose | 2 | | |
| After 5th dose | 1 | 1 ALL patient: Headache, dizziness and instability | 7 |
| * Median [range] |

Abstract 5444. Table 1
Patients with NHL/ALL, treated with Intrathecal Liposomal Cytarabine

The thirteen patients were simultaneously treated with LC and IT + IV dexamethasone. It was found no relationship between the amount of LCL and toxicity.

Conclusions:

Presence of LCL in CSF is detected in 15-20% of patients receiving IT LC as prophylaxis / treatment and it does not show a direct relationship with presence of toxicity.

Although the true clinical significance of the presence of LCL in CSF remains unknown, their monitoring could be useful to individualize the treatment with CL IT (dose and time between doses).

Disclosures Off Label Use: Liposomal cytarabine is not approved for prophylaxys of lymphomatous meningitis..


This paper has two major purposes. The first is to present a conceptual framework for treating responses in a way consistent in orientation with the approach employed in developing the concept of personal structures. The second purpose is to show that it is possible to consider the collection of responses as having a structure just as we consider judgments, attitudes, opinions, perceptions, etc., as having a structure. Once we begin to develop ways to represent the structure of an individual's responses, or possible responses in their relation to the environment, we can speak more meaningfully of "those responses characteristic of the individual" for we can begin to describe some of the limits these characteristic responses place on the individual's ability to influence his environment. This paper is largely conceptual.


The purpose of this study was to examine influences upon the curricular content of undergraduate instrumental conducting courses. In addition to describing current curricular practices of both introductory and advanced courses, this study examined course content to determine if instructors organized subject matter in a progression from the introductory to the advanced class. Course instructors characterized the significance of various conducting competencies within their curriculum, which could provide insight to preferences and methods of current practices. Course content was also examined to determine if conducting courses incorporate principles and techniques commonly found in instrumental methods courses. Data from the questionnaire showed a lack of agreement on curricular practices. Results indicated that certain specific conducting competencies are organized progressively between introductory and advanced classes. In addition, course instructors of advanced conducting classes emphasized course topics commonly found in an instrumental methods course.


: This paper provides recognizing the five gestures of the fingers using Naïve Bayes method. The electromyography signal (EMG) is utilized to recognize the fingers movement. A myo armband is used to obtain the signal. The average success rate of the system is about 90.61%. To verify the results, the outputs of the system are used to control a mobile robot. The results show that the system is able to control the movement of the robot.


Following the increasing complex problem of image classification, to improve the predictability of association rule, the traditional association rule method does not have the high efficiency on the calculation efficiency. Hierarchical structure is a common method to decrease the complexity of classification problem. An association rule classifier of semantic image hierarchy based on axiomatic fuzzy sets is put forward. Firstly, to enhance the precision of algorithm, on the basis of the feature extraction being carried out toward the image data set, the attribute expression of axiomatic theory of fuzzy concept of image set is constructed with adoption of axiomatic theory to increase the attribute identification degree of image set; Secondly, to improve the computational efficiency of the algorithm, the association rule of hierarchical structure is considered to be adopted to build the semantic image classifier and then the ontology information among the concepts is utilized to strengthen the ability of parallel classification; Finally, that the proposed algorithm has the high computational accuracy and efficiency is shown through the experiences of algorithm parameters and lateral comparison.


Editing monophonic songs of Old French poets from roughly the second half of the twelfth to the early fourteenth centuries, poses several challenges, not least of which requires addressing variance on the level of both text and melody. Thibaut IV, king of Navarre, left his public over sixty songs characterized by generic breadth, registral subtlety, and varying melodic range. While providing reliable versions for study and performance, editors still need to help readers glimpse musical alternatives and variants in meaningful ways; otherwise, they run the risk of diminishing readers' understanding of the trouvere tradition. In this article, the authors examine micro-variation in concordant melodies as well as how information on non-concordant, unica melodies and rhythmic interpretations in later manuscripts fleshes out a musical aesthetic that appears, but is not, simple and straightforward.


To solve the serious problem of water waste for agricultural irrigation in our country, an agricultural irrigating system is developed by combining GIS with RFID which charges according to water flow. The system implements the quantitative charge and automatic accounting by AT89S52 micro-controller, RF card and MF RC500 as its core components; and implements the visualized management which can display the irrigation condition in specific area and quantitative information of user's water consumption by utilizing the GIS and SQL DB. This system helps to overcome the problem of single performance and incompatibility of devices, as well as the unavailability of sharing data etc. The system has simple operation, friendly interface, and high performance-price ratio, which can be widely applied in irrigation areas and irrigation reservoirs, and has a wide application prospect.


The combined mouth gag and tongue depressor, shown in the accompanying illustrations, needs little further description. The gag never pinches the lip. The screw shown in Figure 2 touches the chin rest—as shown in Figure 4-and thus holds down the tongue depressor, which fits in the groove shown in Figure 2. There is always room for the tongue between the tooth rest and the tongue depressor, so that it is not necessary to draw the tongue to one side. As the screw is turned, the blade presses on the tongue and the chin rest presses on the chin. The two counterpressures —upward and forward—hold the tongue depressor firmly in place. The chin rest swings free so as to be easily adjusted to a receding or a protruding chin. The upper tooth rest should be covered with gauze or rubber tubing to protect the teeth and hold the mouth gag steady.


Purix is a Danish start-up company with a production facility in Bari. Their product is a 2,5kW absorption chiller system for small businesses and consumers. The market area will be Italy in the first place with extension to other southern European markets. The high temparatures and solar irradiation make Southern Eu- rope a very suitable market for the Purix chiller. Consumer and businesses will have a return on investment of approximately 6 years compared to efficient vapour compressed air conditioning units, because of the low electrical energy consumption of the chiller. Purix aims to deliver the first affordable all inclusive solar air-con- ditioning unit including fan-coil and solar heat panels. At the start- ing point of this industrial design project, all components have been sized and some choices where made for product assem- bly. However no attention was yet set on the overall assembly, framing and enclosure of the product. Purix aimed for a high end product appearance while respecting an extremely tight budget. A lot of effort has been added into cost saving and simplification of components while remaining the simplicity and elegance of the first generated product concepts. An additional challenge is the small starting series. A full scale visual model has been build in Delft to check material choices and fastener locations and chosen assem- bly method. although the available tooling was not sufficient and comparable to the possibilities for series production, the shape and construction worked as expected. The clamping profile has been a good choice to define prod- uct contours, close small production tolerances and protect users for sharp edges. Since this is Purix first product, sales still have to scale up. The design should therefor respect the possibility to make changes if component or assembly choices turn out to be non satisfac- tory. Therefor at this point of time the use of complicated molds is not an option. For that reason the enclosure is entirely build with single curved panels. The elegant naturally curved contour clamping profile gives the product shape and differentiation from conventional block shaped cooling units. The eccentric fan is hidden behind a sheet of stretched metal, this choice enables the product to be symmetric from all sides. The chiller is suitable for placement below the included solar heat panels or for stand-alone applications. A promising example of a stand alone application for Middle and Northern European countries is a connection to district heating instead of solar heat panels. Generally district heating is indus- trial waste heat and there is no market for it during summer.


In recent modern power systems, the number of renewable energy systems (RESs) and nonlinear loads have become more prevalent. When these systems are connected to the electricity grid, they may face new difficulties and issues such as harmonics and non-standard voltage. The proposed study suggests the application of a whale optimization algorithm (WOA) based on a fractional-order proportional-integral controller (FOPIC) for unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) and STATCOM tools. These operate best with the help of their improved control system, to increase the system's reliability and fast dynamic response, and to decrease the total harmonic distortion (THD) for enhancing the power quality (PQ). In this article, three different configurations are studied and assessed, namely: (C1) WOA-based FOPIC for UPQC, (C2) WOA-based FOPIC for STATCOM, and (C3) system without FACTS, i.e., base case, to mitigate the mentioned drawbacks. C3 is also considered as a base case to highlight the main benefits of C1 and C2 in improving the PQ by reducing the %THD of the voltage and current system and improving the systems' voltage waveforms. With C2, voltage fluctuation is decreased by 98%, but it nearly disappears in C1 during normal conditions. Additionally, during the fault period, voltage distortion is reduced by 95% and 100% with C2 and C1, respectively. Furthermore, when comparing C1 to C2 and C3 under regular conditions, the percentage reduction in THD is remarkable. In addition, C1 eliminates the need for voltage sag, and harmonic and current harmonic detectors, and it helps to streamline the control approach and boost control precision. The modeling and simulation of the prepared system are performed by MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, it can be concluded that the acquired results are very interesting and helpful in the recovery to the steady state of wind systems and nonlinear loads, thereby increasing their grid connection capabilities.


The analysis presented here is an effort to elaborate the patron-client model of association, developed largely by anthropologists, and to demonstrate its applicability to political action in Southeast Asia. Inasmuch as patron-client structures are not unique to Southeast Asia but are much in evidence, particularly in Latin America, in Africa, and in less developed portions of Europe, the analysis may possibly have more general value for understanding politics in preindustrial societies. After defining the nature of patron-client ties and distinguishing them from other social ties, the paper discriminates among patron-client ties to establish the most important dimensions of variation, examines both the survival and transformations in patron-client links in Southeast Asia since colonialism and the impact of major social changes such as the growth of markets, the expanded role of the state, and the creation of local regimes. Finally, the paper shows how patron-client bonds interact with electoral politics to create distributive pressures which, in turn, often lead to inflationary fiscal policies and vulnerability of regimes to losses of revenue.


assessment of combined sewer overflow emissions is an increasingly important topic. Especially for operators of smaller wastewater systems this is a difficult task. Therefore the presented measurement campaign was designed as a small, low cost campaign to gain in insight into the wastewater system's behavior. One aim was to provide input and calibration data for computer simulations. The measurement results provided important information regarding the characteristics of the subcatchments connected to the investigated combined sewer overflows, underpinned by comparison to values from a wastewater data pool. Although, it was impossible to quantify the uncertainty of the collected data, the results are a valuable basis for the application of simulation models. KEYWORDSmeasurement campaign; monitoring, system analysis


Social networks, supported by social norms, develop through personal interactions and provide the framework from which social capital emerges and the means through which resources are accessed. Social capital is resources embedded in social networks that are mobilized by members of those networks. Social capital has been positively associated with academic achievement. In addition, tutors have been proven beneficial to student learning. The link between peer tutoring and social capital however, has not been investigated. This project investigates how an in-class-peer-tutoring (ICPT) program in the statics courses at WSU and OSU has helped students to access and utilize social capital. Special interest is given to the challenges faced in the engineering curriculum and how the benefits of ICPT help to address these issues. Special emphasis is placed on how ICPT contributes to building student social capital by investigating its effect on social norms, which serve as indicators of social networks and the accessibility of resources through those networks. Findings indicate that social capital has been positively impacted by ICPT, which encourages communication, cross-grade network building, and a more supportive and friendly environment.


Specificity of the dinitrobenzenesulfonate (DNBS) method for the ɛ-amino group of lysine was investigated using α- and ɛ-formyl lysines, L-lysine, L-lysyllysine, L-lysylalanine, and ribonuclease-S-pep-tide. Some reactivity of DNBS with α-amino group remained for N-terminal lysines that decreased as the chain length of peptides increased. It is postulated from this result that reasonable values can be expected for the available lysine in proteins. The availability of lysines in casein, lysozyme, β-lactoglobulin, acid solubilized gluten and whole egg was determined by the fluorodinitrobenzene (FDNB) method, the trinitrobenzenesulfonate (TNBS) method and the pepsin pancreatin digestion test and compared with the DNBS method. Good agreement was obtained among the values of available lysine when determined by the FDNB, TNBS, and DNBS methods. The results of the DNBS method indicated highly significant correlations with those of the FDNB and TNBS methods and the enzymatic test. However, the TNBS method suffered from significantly poorer repeatability. The DNBS method was the simplest and quickest method with reasonable accuracy.


This paper presents a review of the literature that deals with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and liquid crystals (LCs) focusing on two main aspects. First, we describe the liquid crystalline behaviour of carbon nanotubes in solution. Via functionalization or absorption of amphiphilic molecules, CNTs can form nematic phases in water for concentrations above a few percents. Second, we explore the work done on the insertion of CNTs into thermotropic or lyotropic LCs. It is shown that it is possible to disperse small quantities of CNTs in various LC matrices and that the CNTs are responding to the LC director field. In some cases the CNTs are also strongly modifying the LC properties. These promising results indicate that carbon nanotubes and liquid crystals will certainly play an important role in the development of future applications and functional materials.


The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of an excipient on the surface energetics of Efavirenz (EFV) drug. The net retention volumes, VN, for n‐alkanes and polar solutes on the two columns, namely, EFV drug and a blend of EFV with cellulose acetate propionate have been measured by inverse gas chromatography. The dispersive surface free energy, γSd , Lewis acid parameter, Ka, and Lewis base parameter, Kb, have been determined using VN values. The γSd values are decreased linearly with increase of temperature for pure EFV as well as for the blend. Furthermore, the γSd values of EFV are higher than in the blend, for example, γSd values at T = 318.15 K for EFV, and for the blend are 28.09 ± 6.02 mJ/m2 and 28.30 ± 2.31 mJ/m2, respectively. The specific component of surface free energy −ΔHaSkJ/mol has been obtained by the Schultz method as well as by the Dong et al. method. The −ΔHaSkJ/mol values have been used to calculate Lewis acid‐base parameters for the EFV as well as the blend. The Ka values for the EFV and the blend are almost similar, where as the Kb values are higher in EFV than in the blend. Similar trend in Ka and Kb has been observed in both methods studied. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In a previous report, 1 it was shown that the use of foreign leucocytes as a local therapeutic agent in experimental meningeal infections in dogs is limited by the toxicity of foreign leucocytes for these animals. Rabbit leucocytes injected into the meningeal cavities of dogs invariably cause death. A single injection of horse leucocytes, however, can be safely made in normal dogs, although on repeating the injection, or on injecting horse leucocytes for the first time into meninges already the seat of an inflammatory lesion, death results. The injection of horse leucocytes into the cerebral meninges of dogs, simultaneously with the inoculation of the meninges with tubercle bacilli, causes a slight delay in the development of the paralytic symptoms in about half of the treated animals. This delay, however, is very slight when compared with the great prolongation of the latent period previously observed, 2 after treatment with homologous leucocytes. Tn the same report, it was shown that foreign leucocytes are much less toxic for monkeys. Both rabbit leucocytes and horse leucocytes can be safely injected into the meningeal cavities of these animals. The study of the therapeutic control of meningeal tuberculosis in monkeys is made difficult by extra-dural leakage, when the inoculations and treatments are made by the method of lumbar puncture. The inoculations and treatments, in the later experiments herein reported, were therefore made through a permanent wax-trephine 3 opening in the skull. The injection of foreign leucocytes into the meningeal cavities of monkeys, either simultaneously with the inoculation with tubercle bacilli, or subsequent to the inoculation has thus far given no definitely positive prophylactic or curative effects. In a small group of monkeys, however, inoculated and treated by the method of lumbar puncture, the repeated injection of rabbit leucocytes was associated with a considerable prolongation of the latent period in one of the treated monkeys, and by a complete prevention of the subsequent tuberculosis in a second monkey.


Abstract Polycrystalline samples of InMnO 3 , prepared by decomposition of nitrates, were found to be isostructural with LuMuO 3 rather than YAIO 3 as was the case for flux-grown InMnO 3 single crystals. The structure was refined in P 6 3 cm from powder neutron data with a = 5.8758(4) A and c = 11.4715(8) A at 293 K. Single crystals of ScMnO 3 were grown from a PbF 2 flux. The structure was refined from single crystal X-ray data also in P 6 3 cm with a = 5.8286(6) A and c = 11.1738(9) A. Magnetic susceptibility data for InMnO 3 show subtle anomalies near 120 and 40 K and a weak maximum at 15 K for applied fields h 0 n /2) and ( h 1 n /2) appear which exhibit an unusual temperature dependence featuring intensity maxima near 60-70 K and which are significantly broader than the resolution limit at all temperatures. These are assigned to correlations between spin-coupled Mn layers, also of short range. The absence of long-range order in InMnO 3 is contrasted with the well-established order in isostructural ScMnO 3 and LnMnO 3 . It is argued that the differences can be rationalized in terms of an anomalously long c -axis for InMnO 3 which leads to a weakening of key interlayer superexchange pathways necessary for the realization of long-range order. This situation is also discussed in terms of recent mean-field theory for layered antiferromagnets.


Introduction: The risk of ischemic stroke is significantly higher in pregnancy. However, the neurologic symptoms that accompany stroke can be mimicked by other conditions. Because ischemic stroke has the potential for acute treatment, it is important to identify these patients quickly. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on pregnant patients from 2009-2014 using ICD-9 codes for stroke or other related vascular diseases. The diagnosis was based on the neurologist evaluation and neuroimaging. We identified candidate variables with p<0.2 in univariable analysis and derived a predictive model using interactive variable selection, then fit logistic regression models to the outcome of ischemic stroke. Results: Thirty-eight patients met inclusion criteria, of which 13 had ischemic stroke (Table 1). Mimic diagnoses included: venous sinus thrombosis (8), intracerebral hemorrhage (2), complicated migraine (7), non-epileptic seizure (3), seizure (2), transient ischemic attack (1), and conversion diso...


University of South FloridaAlcohol expectancies appear in children before drinking begins and mediate the effects of otherdrinking antecedents. Hence, application of memory models to expectancies in children mayincrease understanding of drinking initiation. To this end, an instrument to assess children'sexpectancies within a memory network model was developed and administered to 470 children in2nd-5th grades. Multidimensional scaling analyses revealed that children generally organizeexpectancy information along the same evaluative and arousal-sedation dimensions as do adults,and older children become more likely to expect positive and arousing outcomes from drinking.These results suggest a cognitive process that prepares children for drinking initiation duringadolescence as well as new, theory-based approaches to prevention.As evidence has accumulated that alcohol expectancies caninfluence drinking and statistically mediate the effects of otherdrinking antecedents, efforts have begun to decipher themechanism of this influence (see Connors, Maisto, & Derman,1992; Goldman & Rather, 1993; National Institute on AlcoholAbuse and Alcoholism [NIAAA], 1993, pp. 133-135). Begin-ning with Tolman (1932), expectancies have been closelylinked to memory (e.g.. Holies, 1972; Overmeier, 1990; Res-corla, 1988). Recent approaches to studying memory may beuseful, therefore, for understanding how expectancies influ-ence alcohol use. To date, memory approaches to relatingexpectancies to adult drinking have included theoretical state-ments (Baker, Morse, & Sherman, 1987; Goldman & Rather,1993; Stacy, Widaman, & Marlatt, 1990; Tiffany, 1990), empiri-cal modeling (Rather & Goldman, 1994; Rather, Goldman,Roehrich, & Brannick, 1992), and the application of memoryresearch paradigms (e.g., priming—sec Chenier & Goldman,1992; Krank & Swift, 1994; Roehrich & Goldman, 1992; Stacy,Leigh, & Weingardt, 1994). Findings from structural equationmodeling also have been consistent with memory approaches(Henderson, Goldman, Coovert, & Carnevalla, 1994; Sher,Walitzer , Wood, & Brent, 1991; Stacy, Newcomb, & Bentler,1991).Information about alcohol effects (expectancies) can beidentified in preschool and elementary school aged childrenMichael E. Dunn and Mark S. Goldman, Department of Psychology,University of South Florida.Portions of this research were based on a master's thesis submittedto the University of South Florida by Michael E. Dunn and supportedby National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Grant R37AA08333.We thank Ray Gadd for his generosity in opening the doors of theschools in his district. We also thank Bruce Rather for his input andGreg Aarons, Jenine Collins, Dennis Kramer, Kevin Stein, and StaceyTantlefT Dunn for their assistance in data collection.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed toMark S. Goldman, Department of Psychology, BEH 339, University ofSouth Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620-8200. Electronic mail may besent via Internet to firstname.lastname@example.com before drinking begins, and such information, stored inmemory, may influence the initiation and development ofdrinking as children age into adolescence (Bauman & Bryan,1980; Christiansen, Smith, Roehling, & Goldman, 1989; Gaines,Brooks, Maisto, Dietrich, & Shagena, 1988; Isaacs, 1979;Jahoda & Cramond, 1972; Lang & Stritzke, 1993; Miller,Smith, & Goldman, 1990; Zucker, Fitzgerald, & Noll, 1991). Arecen t repor to the U.S. Congress from NIAAA (1993)stated "children's understanding of alcohol and alcohol effectsis an area particularly ripe for future research because of thedevelopmental and prevention implications of recent findings"(p. 135). By extending memory approaches to the acquisitionof expectancies in children, researchers' understanding ofdrinking initiation may be increased.Existing studies , however show that children's alcoholexpectancies can be quite negative (Johnson & Johnson,1991a) even though considerable drinking occurs by adoles-cence (Johnston , O'Malley & Bachman 1991). Recent find-ing s also suggest , however that favorabl e expectancie can bfoun d i n childre an may becom e mor important thanegative expectancies in predicting alcohol use during adoles-cence an d young adulthoo (Brown Creamer & Stetson1987; Christiansen et al., 1989; Leigh & Stacy, 1993; G. T.Smith, Goldman, Greenbaum, & Christiansen, 1995; Stacy etal., 1991). Th e cognitiv development literatur has histori-cally emphasized stage models that might underlie such atransition (Piaget, 1983). More recent views instead haveemphasized increasing complexity of the information that isacquired in specific domains (Siegler, 1983, 1991; Sternberg,1989) and increasing quantit y or qualit f information process-ing capacity (Kail, 1984).Alcohol expectancy findings can be placed into a memoryframework by modeling expectancies as units (nodes) ofinformation about specific outcomes of alcohol use located in asymbolic network. These units then may join into higher orderconfigurations when activated (Goldman & Rather, 1993). Anetwork (parallel) processing system is consistent with knowncharacteristics of the nervous system, and the mathematicsused to formalize such a system can be applied to a variety ofsimilar memory models (Chang, 1986; Estes, 1991; see Nosof-


Markov Chain has been introduced since the 1913 for the purpose of studying the flow of data for a consecutive number of years of the data and also forecasting. The important feature in Markov Chain is obtaining the accurate Transition Probability Matrix (TPM). However to obtain the suitable TPM is hard especially in involving long-term modeling due to unavailability of data. This paper aims to enhance the classical Markov Chain by introducing Exponential Smoothing technique in developing the appropriate TPM.


Article History: Forage availability and grazing pattern for the impala (Aepyceros melampus (Brian) Kathryh) in three ecosystems of the Impala sanctuary, Kenya was assessed during the wet and dry seasons. The grazing behavior of the impalas was observed to identify the preferred forage species and patterns grazing between seasons and ecosystems. Preferred grass species were sampled to determine percentage dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fibers, and Crude protein. Data was subjected to Analysis of Variance using SAS version 9.0. The results showed that impala sanctuary had 37 different grass species but Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis curvula, Digitaris scalarum, Eleusine indica, Pennisetum setaceum and Hyparrhenia filipendula were most grazed on by the Impala. Grassland ecosystem had significantly high forage availability during the wet season, but in the dry season the marshes ecosystem was the one with the most nutritious forages. Grazing patterns varied with seasons, with most impalas preferring to graze in the grassland during the wet season and in the marshes during the dry season. The study suggests management practices that favor dominance of species that are most foraged in order to increase forage availability for the impalas in the sanctuar y.


Abstract Adducts formed by the dinuclear complexes [Cu2(2,6-DMB)4(H2O)2], (I) and [Cu2(2,6-DMB)2-(O2CCH3)2(H2O)2], (II) (2,6-DMB = 2,6-dimethoxybenzoate) with nitrogenous bases [pyridine (py), 4-ethylpyridine (4-Etpy), pyrazine (pz), 2-methylpyrazine (2-Mepz), imidazole (im), l-methylimidazole (1-Meim) and 2-phenylimidazole (2-Phim)] have been synthesized and characterized. Starting with II, only one adduct, [Cu2(2,6-DMB)2(O2CCH3)2(2-Phim)2J, was obtained. In the other cases, starting with either I or II, monomeric compounds containing two 2,6-DMB ligands and one or two base molecules were isolated. The structure of these compounds consists, basically, of tetragonal copper(II) chromophores involving metal coordination by monodentate carboxyl groups and nitrogen atoms in the plane, with water molecules, when present, as axial donors.


environmental and biological fields, environmental and biological samples should be analyzed with good accuracy and precision. The best approach to ensure the accuracy and precision of a measurement is to use appropriate reference materials. The National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan (NIES) has supplied various environmental certified reference materials (CRMs) for the quality assurance of environmental analysis.1 Our laboratory participated in an intercomparison analysis program of NIES candidate river sediment CRM No.16 by using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). In INAA the Compton plateau from high-energy γrays often interfers with identification of nuclides with lower energy γ-rays. For example, 24Na and 82Br are the main interferents in INAA of environmental and biological materials. After the decay of short-lived interferents, such long-lived nuclides as 46Sc and 65Zn are responsible for a high Compton background, which leads to poor detection limits in the lower energy region. INAA combined with Compton suppression γray spectrometry can reduce this problem. In order to determine as many trace elements as possible with high sensitivity, we used conventional γ-ray spectrometry with a coaxial Ge detector, and two Compton suppression γ-ray spectrometries (anti-coincidence2 and coincidence3) with a coaxial Ge detector and a well-type NaI(Tl) detector. By using γ-ray spectrometries, more than fifty elements can be determined instrumentally with satisfactory results.4,5


Culture' and 'society' are words we use very loosely. We can find their exact meaning in dictionaries but usually don't, as the context of our sentences provides the information we need in our conversations. We know our societies are the huge group of people living in our city or nation. Our culture is the large range of behaviour we have learned in our society. It includes our food preferences, ways of dressing, our ceremonies for weddings and births and the laws that structure our world, everything that we know from growing up in our family and society.


Abstract The extent of economic gains by African Americans in the decades after slavery is in dispute. Using a newly constructed data set, compiled from the manuscript census schedules and other sources, we find that African Americans in the Mississippi Delta experienced substantial income gains between 1880 and 1910. These gains can be attributed partly to African Americans moving into higher paying occupations—in particular, moving from being farm laborers to being farm operators—and partly to an increase in the incomes received from given occupations.


With the boost of deep learning methods, road extraction has been widely used in city planning and autonomous driving. However, it is very challenging to extract roads around the thorny occlusion areas, even in high-resolution remote sensing images. Existing approaches regard road extraction as an isolated binary segmentation task and ignore the surroundings' contextual information in the optical image itself, especially the potential dependence implied between roads and buildings. To address the occlusion problem, we proposed a spatial attention-based road extraction neural network using contextual relation between roads and buildings named MSACon to extract the roads more precisely. First, we employed an existing building extraction method to predict buildings in the optical images. Second, we calculated the signed distance map (SDM) based on the building extraction results (which may be inaccurate) as ambiguous auxiliary information to infer the optical images' potential roads. Due to the color, lines, and texture between the optical images and the SDM are distinct, we then designed the two-branch encoder to extract features and integrated the cross-domain features into the road decoder by a spatial attention-based fusion mechanism. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior performance than other state-of-the-art approaches even with ambiguous auxiliary information. Furthermore, MSACon shows obvious advantages in finding inconspicuous roads in the optical images and eliminating noisy roads, especially when dealing with areas where buildings are located along the roads.


Purpose: To investigate the influence of TLD‐100 readout parameters including maximum readout temperature and heating rate for different doses. Method and Materials: The influence of readout parameters on the response of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD‐100) chips was investigated by using different maximum readout temperatures and heating rates. TLDs were irradiated to doses to water ranging from 10cGy to 1000cCy with 60Co. The maximum readout temperatures ranged from 240°C to 380°C with the heating rate set at 15°C/s. For the 350°C maximum temperature, heating rates of 2°C/s to 30°C/s were investigated. Results: When the maximum temperature is set to 240°C, an incomplete glow curve is seen with more residual signal in the TLDs and relatively low TL dose response. When the maximum readout temperature is as high as 380°C, the higher temperature peaks (peak 6, 7) can affect the integral TL emission. However, if only the height of peak 5 is used, the response‐dose curves are quite similar for maximum readout temperatures between 260°C and 380°C. Different heating rates from 2°C/s to 30°C/s were used to heat the TLDs to 350°C, with the same holding time after reaching the maximum readout temperature. The results show that different heating rates do not appreciably change the TL dose response when the heating rate is higher than 5°C/s. However, the signal to noise ratio decreases noticeably when the heating rate is lower than 5°C/s especially at low doses. The glow peak temperature shifts upward with increasing heating rate, which means a higher maximum readout temperature is required to obtain the full glow curve. Conclusions: Integral TL response is strongly dependent on maximum readout temperature, so care must be used in choosing and documenting this temperature. Heating rate may also affect the readout uncertainly, especially at low doses.


The Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) observatory has provided nearly a two-decade time series of precipitation measurements, which is very beneficial for scientific understanding of the Earth's hydrological cycle. This paper concerns the passive microwave sensor named the TRMM microwave imager (TMI) and the development of the legacy version TMI 1B11 V8 (GPM05) brightness temperature data product that will be released in late 2017. In particular, this version-8 includes a robust main reflector emissivity (brightness temperature, Tb ) correction that is based upon rigorous electromagnetic principles and on-orbit radiometric measurements. This emissivity correction process involves two steps, namely, the derivation of the main reflector emissivity coefficients for each TMI channel by analyzing deep space maneuvers and the determination of the reflector physical temperature for the entire 17-plus-year time series by analyzing the single difference between the measured T b and the simulated Tb from a radiative transfer model.


In this paper, we study a class of nonlinear singular system with coupled integral boundary condition. Based on the Guo–Krasnosel'skii fixed point theorem, some new results on the existence of symmetric positive solutions for the coupled singular system are obtained. The impact of the two different parameters on the existence of symmetric positive solutions is also investigated. Finally, an example is then given to demonstrate the applicability of our results.


Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between depressed mood and gynecological cancer outcomes, identifying risk factors for cancer aggravation. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of gynecological cancer patients (January 2020–August 2022) at Korea University Anam Hospital using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Patients were classified into non-depressed mood (NDM)- and depressed mood (DM)-based scores. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and Cox regression analyzing using SPSS. Results: Of the 217 participants, the NDM group comprised 129 patients, and the DM group comprised 88. The two-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates showed significant differences (NDM, 93.6%; DM 86.4%; p = 0.006), but overall survival (OS) did not (p = 0.128). Patients with stage 3 or higher cancer, undergoing five or more chemotherapies, experiencing post-chemotherapy side effects, and depressed mood had an increased risk of cancer aggravation. Conclusions: Appropriate treatment of depressed mood, as well as adequate treatment for advanced gynecological cancer patients, those with numerous CTx., and those with post-CTx. side effects, may contribute to reducing the risk of cancer aggravation.


The utility model discloses a portable toothpaste toothbrush. A brush head is detachably and fixedly connected with one end of a brush handle which is of a hollow cylindrical structure; the portable toothpaste toothbrush is further provided with a regulating device, which comprises a main body, a tail cover, a stud, a nut and a piston; the other end of the brush handle is detachably and fixedly connected with one end of the main body of the regulating device; the main body and the tail cover can rotate in a circumferential direction and are in axial locking connection; an inner side wall on the other end of the tail cover is provided with a plurality of axial keyways; an outer side wall at the other end of the stud is provided with a plurality of keys matched with the keyways in the tail cover; the keys at the other end of the stud are inserted in the keyways in the other end of the outer cover; the nut is fixedly inserted at the inner side of the main body; the nut is in threaded connection with the stud; and one end of the stud is fixedly provided with the piston which can be dynamically and hermetically inserted in the inner side of the brush handle. According to the utility model, after being used up, toothpaste can be located renewably, the portable toothpaste toothbrush is convenient to use and favorable for saving use cost, and a brush cover is arranged outside the brush head to effectively prevent bacterial from polluting the brush head and guarantee the sanitation of the toothbrush.


In this paper a many-core architecture for embedded systems is proposed. It combines timing predictability and low power consumption. The so-called Distributed Memory on Chip (DMoC) architecture is based on simple in-order cores with private scratchpad memories. These nodes are connected by a real-time capable low power Network on Chip (NoC). For timing analysis, DMoC applications are separated into computation and communication phases, in which the latter are covered by Parallel Communication Patterns (PCPs). Justifications for the design decisions are given and DMoC is compared to other many-core architectures, ranging from general purpose chip multiprocessors (CMPs) over recent research processors to graphic processing


Background: Transfusion-related infection is an important mode of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. There are very few reports in the literature on transfusion-related HIV from India. Methods: Retrospective study of clinical profile of patients with transfusion related HIV infection presenting to a tertiary care hospital in South India between May 1999 to December 2011. Results: Among the 1332 records of HIV positive patients reviewed, 80 (6 %) had transfusion-related HIV infection; their mean age was 32.2 ± 12.2 years; there were 47 (58.8%) women. Sixty nine patients (86.3%) were infected with HIV1, while 11 patients (13.8%) were infected with HIV-2 The average number of units of blood transfused was 2.8. The indications for transfusion were perioperative (n=37, 46.3%); haematologic disorders (n=15, 18.8%); trauma (n=9, 11.3%); upper gastrointestinal bleed (n=3, 3.8%); miscellaneous (n=3, 3.8%) and diagnosis not clear at the time of transfusion (n=13, 16.3%). Twenty six of the 64 patients (40.6%) had CD4+ count less than 200 cells/mm; 32 patients (40%) were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Tuberculosis was the most common opportunistic infection. Conclusions: Transfusion-related HIV infection, especially due to HIV-2 remains a significant problem in India even till recently; females seem to be more often affected probably due to the more frequent need for blood transfusion in them due to gynaecologic and obstetric reasons.


In the course of reforming state-owned enterprises and establishing modern corporate system, many underlying problems that the owners of national assets fail to exercise their functions, or newly-founded corporations cannot standardize the administrative structure, or there no effective mechanisms to encourage or control the administrators of state-owned enterprises, etc. These problems make many difficulties for the reform of state-owned enterprises. It is important to find out feasible ways in order to help state-owned enterprises out of predicament and establish modern corporate system, e.g., to improve property right system and corporate administrative structure, to personify capital, to turn the pursuit of profit to that of value, to perfect the system of the board of directors and the process of selecting managers, to set up the legal system of authorized management of national assets, to explore all possible patterns of developing state-owned corporations, to build up reasonable mechanisms of encouraging and controlling managers, etc.


The market economy is contemporaneously considered as a complex adaptive system, chaotic and far from equilibrium. However, there are no feedback mechanisms that provide stability to the system. In this preliminary essay, I outline the fundamental idea of a floating taxation system to compensate for the market oscillations of goods, growth and profit of companies and their socio-environmental impact, promoting the long-term stability of the economic system.


In this paper, we have taken four supervised machine learning algorithms and compared their competency in terms of the accuracy achieved by them in predicting the occurrence of heart disease. We compare and contrast the state of art systems used for Heart disease diagnosis that use machine learning. We have taken a set of 14 different attributes to predict heart disease, placing regard to the presence of reversible defect in thalassemia and asymptomatic chest pain being present or not. We run the chosen algorithms on our datasets and get the collective results. We analyze these results and conclude on which the best approach in maximum cases is for accuracy is disease diagnosis. Keywords— Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Logistic Regression, Random forests, SVM


We describe the algorithms we have developed to automatically generate street networks and building plots in the automatic procedural creation of a realistic city. Our system first sites the important regions of a city, such as the commercial center, historical center, and residential areas. Then, a network of freeway and main roads are built. Finally, a network of streets are built throughout the city. The main contribution described in this paper is the design of the freeways, main streets and minor streets, and the allocation of space for the roads and buildings in the city. Compared to existing methods, our system creates cities that more closely mimics real-world cities, and can also generate millions of streets in seconds.


ABSTRACT

In the present project, the academic management automation process for "Instituto
Educativo Privado Children Genios y Noruega Escuela" corresponding to pre-basic
education was carried out through the analysis, development and implementation of the
SISACA academic management system that is able to meet the needs of the institution for
the evaluation of children from 1 to 5 years of age regulated by the Ministry of Education
and the policies of the school.

For the analysis, design, construction, implementation and testing of this project, an agile
Xtreme Programming methodology was used.

The following development tools were used: Sqlserver as a C # database manager, as a
programming language, java script and bootstrap for the management of the graphical
interface, web design implementation Resposive.

The architecture of the application is based on three layers of the model view / controller
(MVC) for the proper handling of files at the time of programming.
The system is web-oriented and consists of the following main modules:
Administration for the assignment of users and privileges.
 Parameterization for the entry of different parameters required by the institution.
Processes execute enrollment, enrollment, planning and student grades.
Reports generates results of student grades through graphs.
Through the implementation of this web application, the student rating method was
optimized, reports generation times were reduced and errors in assigning grades were
reduced, as well as obtaining academic information from pre-basic students 24/7 and from
any device with access to the SISACA platform.

Keywords: website´s technology, XP, SQL server, C #, MVC, bootstrap, resposive.


Cu-based friction materials reinforced with steel fibers of different ratios of, length-to-diameter ratios were prepared making use of powder metallurgy. The surfaces and cross-sections of the resulting friction materials were observed on a scanning electron microscope. The mechanic properties of the friction materials were measured, while their friction and wear behaviors sliding against cast iron counterparts were evaluated on an MM-1000 friction and wear tester. It was found that the reinforcement with the steel fibers led to an increase in the hardness and bend strength of the friction materials, and the friction and wear behaviors of the steel fiber reinforced Cu-based friction materials were highly dependent on the mass fraction and length-to-diameter ratio of the steel fibers. Namely, the friction material reinforced with the steel fiber of a larger length-to-diameter ratio and mass fraction had a larger and more stable friction coefficient with varying specific braking pressure, i.e., the friction coefficients in this case were less sensitive to the specific braking pressure. In terms of the optimized comprehensive tribological behaviors, the cermets reinforced with the SF-1 steel fiber of a larger length-to-diameter ratio were superior to those reinforced with the other two kinds of steel fibers, and the corresponding cast iron counterpart had a smaller wear as well.


year 2018 is beating plastic pollution. Plastic is synthetic substance made of organic polymers that can be molded into different shapes. Plastic is used everywhere in different form start from our house to ships, aero planes, even the healthcare industry would not be possible without use of plastic material. Natural plastic is also found from rubber tree. Jambeck1 reported that ~8,000,000 tons per annum of plastic goes into the ocean.1 Eriksen et al.,2 estimated that 525,000,000 pieces of plastic are present in the sea.2 It is estimated in 2010 that approximately 1% of global plastic waste enter in to sea.3 This plastic adsorbs deadly chemicals like PCBs and DDTs, increasing their concentration (accumulation) by a million.4 These stubborn pollutants enter into biomass and hence bioaccumulation takes place in the food chain which results higher concentration of pollutants in fish5 including other species which ultimately reach to humans.


The continuous development and innovation of information technology has prompted the birth and rapid progress of e-diplomacy, a foreign relations practice that is quite active nowadays. A United Nations documents from 2010 pointed out, "The e-diplomacy initiative plays the important role of advocating and promoting the use of web tools to help diplomats in their daily routine and ad-hoc activities." While overseas e-diplomacy is already somewhat well established, Chinese e-diplomacy is now on the rise. China must learn from other countries' experiences in order to further develop their own e-diplomacy. For Chinese diplomacy to improve in the information age, it is crucial that we actively explore the e-diplomacy strategies and approaches of all e-diplomacy approaches – at home and abroad – and summarize successful experiences.


The images in Xu Zhimos poems are of three types-image of description,image of figuaration and image of symbolism.All his images are refreshing and explicit,novel and beautiful,featured with dynamic and afloating feelings,implying the beauty of painting,of repetition,of obscurity,of dynamic as well as tenderness.Xu Zhimo is the most skillful poet in seizing and utilizing images to express his feelings in chinas modern times.


SUMMARY Three children with recurrent chest symptoms and signs caused by unilateral atresia or absence of the pulmonary veins are described, with a discussion of the seven reported cases of unilateral congenital pulmonary venous obstruction. The condition is rare but should enter into the differential diagnosis of recurrent unilateral pulmonary infection or oedema. Pulmonary arteriography is necessary and pulmonary artery wedge angiography is the most informative diagnostic procedure.


ABSTRACT During World War II (WWII) various intelligence organisations had been set up specifically to conduct covert operations which focused on sabotage, subversion and propaganda activities. A large number of academic studies on WWII covert operations focused on allied covert operations and not many had evaluated the strategic effectiveness of Japanese covert operations. One such Japanese unit was the Fujiwara Kikan or F. Kikan which was formed to support the Japanese invasion of Malaya and Singapore. This article describes F. Kikan's activities and evaluates its strategic effectiveness. Although there were some arguments that F. Kikan's successes had been squandered by the too traditional-thinking military leadership that mistrusted covert operations, this article argues that F. Kikan had garnered minimal strategic effects in the support of the Japanese victory in Malaya and Singapore, and the Japanese military leadership was right in downplaying F. Kikan's role.


Purpose:  Despite the development of new antiepileptic drugs, Dravet syndrome frequently remains therapy resistant and is a catastrophic epilepsy syndrome. Fenfluramine is an amphetamine‐like drug that has been used in the past as a part of antiobesity treatments. Because of the possible cardiac adverse effects (valve thickening, pulmonary hypertension) associated with use of fenfluramine, it was withdrawn from the market in 2001. In Belgium, a Royal Decree permitted examination of the potential anticonvulsive effects of fenfluramine in a clinical trial consisting of a small group of patients diagnosed with Dravet syndrome.


The present invention relates to a method of preparing Kahalide F, said method comprising the 2-CTC resin as the carrier, using solid phase peptide synthesis method for the synthesis of polypeptide fragments A and B, then B polypeptide fragments intramolecular esterification synthesis fragment Bi, and the polypeptide fragments A and Bi liquid phase condensation, deprotection to give Kahalide F. The method of the present invention, high yield and convenient workup, provides a new way for the industrial-scale production Kahalide F.


Synergies itself, the "final synthesis" of the REAFISO project, runs 670 pages. The country reports accumulate another 1,500 pages or so. The ten background papers average about 50 pages each. Press some more tree pulp to accommodate the requisite press releases, talking points, or the multitude of each country's own background papers, and, all told, REAFISO's work took a few years, substantial commitments of resources from 26 countries, and stimulated the printing of several thousand pages. This hefty mass represents an enormous expenditure of time, money, and effort to, essentially, get it all wrong. With the REAFISO project, the OECD has taken sides, but appears to have done so in a cowardly manner. REAFISO staff have not described evidence and sources on multiple sides of topics, weighed them in the balance, and then justified their preference. Rather, on each controversial topic they broach, they present only one side of the story. On some topics, huge research literatures several hundred studies large are completely ignored.


Hydraulic fracturing is one of the main stimulations, however, it is effected by various factors. This paper considers the influence of net thickness, permeability, flow pressure, water cut, injector—producer distance, cumulative injection-production ratio, sand input intensity, pad fluid volume, sand ratio. Applying the expert system to establish the predictive knowledge base, dividing various effect factors into four grades, and giving the different membership functions according to different grade. The 76% prediction results of established expert system are the same as actual results, and 20.5% are close to the actual results. The results show that the established expert system has the guidance action on the layer selection of fracturing and the fracturing design.


Folk law has been playing an Important role In Chinese thousands of years history and culture.In the process of the rule of law in China,China pays too much attention to western legal culture rather than China's national conditions,which resluts in the fact that it is difficult for state law to go to the countryside and folk law can not play its due role in building the rule of law effectively. This paper analyzes why state law system in rural areas is difficult to be carried out in-depth from theory aspect and practical aspect.And then proposes approaches of integration for state law and folk law,so as to better facilitate the process of the rule of law. Key words: Folk Law; Rural Society; State Law Resume: Le droit populaire a joue un role important dans l'histoire et la culture chinoises. Dans le processus de la construction du regne de la loi en Chine, la Chine accorde trop d'attention a la culture juridique occidentale plutot qu'aux conditions nationales de la Chine, ce qui reslute dans le fait qu'il est difficile d'appliquer le droit de l'Etat a la campagne et que le droit populaire ne peut pas jouer son role dans la construction d'un regne de droit efficace. Cet article analyse pourquoi le systeme de loi de l'Etat dans les zones rurales est difficile a etre realise en profondeur a partir des aspects theoriques et pratiques. Il propose ensuite des approches de l'integration pour le droit de l'etat et le droit populaire, afin de mieux faciliter le processus de l'elaboration du regne de la loi. Mots-cles: Droit Populaire; Societe Rurale; Droit De L'etat


In the paper, the evaluation of wine quality is analyzed based on statistical methods, correlation, regression, classification and clustering. The accuracy of our four methods are approximately the same: Approximately 75 percent data match with the reality. In conclusion, wine quality depends on its chemistry components for most parts.


The force impact of the 130 saw cylinder of gins 4DP-130 and 5DP-130 was studied. It was determined that due to the significant weight of the saw cylinder, when it is rotated at 730 rpm, its radial runout increases, leading to shaft deflection and wear of its neck for bearing fit, rapid wear of the working part of the grates in the grate and blunting of saw teeth when saw teeth touching the grate, which led to their rapid wear. Increased wear of the saw blade and grate, increases the consumption of imported saws and grates, reducing their service life. In addition, due to the increase in the radial runout of the saw cylinder, it was impossible to set the necessary gaps of 1.5-2.0 mm along the entire length between the saw cylinder and the air chamber nozzle, which did not ensure complete removal of the fiber from the saw teeth and its transportation to the fiber discharge channel. This led to a decrease in the productivity of the gin and the daily production of fiber. When studying the saw cylinder, it was revealed that with a decrease in the mass of the shaft, the deflection and vibration of it should decrease, increasing stability. In this regard, a hollow shaft for saw gin is proposed. Theoretically, the critical speed of a hollow shaft for 130 saw gins is considered. It is determined that for the stability of the saw cylinder, its critical speed must be.


Nitric Oxide (NO) has been intensely investigated in various physiological as well as pathophysiological processes in humans but has received its greatest attention for its vasodilator properties. Since the nose and paranasal sinuses have been implicated as the sole producers of NO in the upper respiratory system, NO may be regarded as an aerocrine hormone produced in the nasal complex and transported to a distal site of action with every inhalation by enhancing pulmonary oxygen uptake via local vasodilation, thus facilitating athletic endurance. Our study examines fractional NO concentration (FeNO) response in expired air during exercise (Ex). A strict three step Ex protocol was followed in which FeNO measurements were obtained in 18 healthy human volunteers prior to Ex (rest stage (RS)), during a strenuous 200 w ergometer cycle and 5 minutes into the recovery period. FeNO measurements were performed according to ERS/ATS recommendations with an electrochemical sensor (Niox Mino Aerocrine Stockholm, Sweden). Results showed an overall decrease in average FeNO levels from resting stage to endurance phase of Ex (16.4 to 12.6 ppb p< .005) with levels increasing towards the original RS value 5 minutes into the recovery phase (12.6 to 14.1 ppb p< .005). Further investigation may shed light as to the exact mechanism of NO recruitment by the lower respiratory tract in maximizing cardiopulmonary endurance.


A serious problem caused by nuisance-value mosquitoes has existed at Richards Bay for many years. This was attributed to Mansonia uniformis breeding in the extensive swamps associated with the Mhlatuze delta and Lake Msingazi. This programme confirmed that M. uniformis was the principal biter, and bred in swamps.


AIM
The aim of this study was to investigate long-term graft outcome in patients with left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending coronary artery (LIMA-LAD) and T-grafts by ultrasonography and dual source computed tomography (DSCT) and to analyse if ultrasonography can determine graft patency.

METHODS
Thirty-two patients, 28 males, 50.8+/-8.8 years at operation, were studied. Fifteen patients with single LIMA-LAD and additional vein grafts (group I) and 17 patients with LIMA-free right internal mammary artery (FRIMA) T-grafts (group II) underwent DSCT, transthoracic ultrasonography of the LIMA and an electrocardiogram. Differences were tested with unpaired and paired t tests.

RESULTS
In group I, 4.1+/-1.1 and in group II, 4.5+/-1.1 anastomoses/patients were performed. DSCT showed three string sign LIMA (20%) grafts and six occluded venous anastomoses (13%) in group I and three (distal) string sign LIMA grafts (18%), seven occluded LIMA anastomoses (23%) and nine occluded FRIMA anastomoses (23%) in group II. Ultrasonographic variables in the proximal part of the LIMA graft did not differ between the groups. No effect was found for proximal string sign LIMA grafts in ultrasonographic graft performance.

CONCLUSION
Ultrasonography cannot distinguish between string sign and patent single LIMA or T-grafts nor demonstrate distal anastomosis patency in T-grafts 12 years after surgery.


We report site testing results obtained in summer and winter at Dome C. They consist in seeing and isoplanatic angle monitoring, as well as in-situ balloon measurements of the refractive index structure constant profiles C n (h). Summer results are based on data taken during two 3-month summer campaings in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005. Winter data were collected during the first Concordia winterover by A. Agabi. Optical turbulence appear to be very small in summer, with a median seeing of 0.54 in the visible, and a median isoplanatic angle of 6.8. In winter the amosphere presents a 37 m high turbulent surface layer. The median seeing measured with a DIMM placed on top of a 8.5 m high tower is 1.2±0.7 arcsec. Above this surface layer, at elevation h = 30 m the median seeing is very small: 0.36±0.18 arcsec. Subject headings: Site testing


OBJECTIVES/GOALS: T develop a novel PROTAC to deplete BRK to inhibit tumorigenesis and metastasis, which is unattainable by using tradition kinase inhibitors. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We will design, synthesize, and evaluate BRK-specific PROTACs to study both catalytic and scaffolding properties of BRK that contribute to cancer progression. Optimal PRTOAC concentrations will be used to treat MDA-MB-231 cells to determine effects on cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion, metastatic potential, and colony formation. Immunoblotting will be used to determine target protein degradation and to evaluate if PROTAC mediated degradation of BRK allows SMAD4 to form complex with SMAD2 and SMAD3. Finally, a metastatic xenograft mouse model (MDA-MD-231) will be injected subcutaneously or via tail vein into NU/J 002019 mice8, 17 and treated with the BRK PROTAC to evaluate inhibition of tumorigenesis and metastasis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We expect that the PROTAC will specifically degrade BRK and restore the anti-tumorigenic and anti-metastatic function of SMAD4 in metastatic breast cancer. In turn, we anticipate that cell proliferation, invasion, and colony formation properties of metastatic breast cancer will be restricted and SMAD4 will form complex with SMAD2 and SMAD3. Additionally, mice treated the BRK targeted PROTAC should experience reduced tumor growth and metastasis compared to placebo. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This substantially new approach will inhibit oncogenic nRTKs to restore the antitumor function of TGFβ/SMAD signaling is expected to bring metastatic cancer under therapeutic control. Thus, the expected outcomes are likely to have a significant impact because it will provide a new targeted therapy to improve metastatic TNBC patient survival.


We check formally that the Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi prescription for holographic entanglement entropy -- when applied to a static black brane spacetime and to a wide class of subregions that do not lie on a constant time slice -- gives rise to volume-law entropy in the limit of large subregion. By volume-law entropy, we mean that the entanglement entropy scales with the volume of the projection of the boundary subregion onto a static time slice with respect to the boundary thermal state (with the same coefficient as in the volume law on the static time slice). Our result applies to subregions that have reflection symmetry as well as strips, and we also present field-theoretic arguments in support of our holographic findings.


Objective:To establish an experimental model for the reconstruction of canine's TMJ with frozen and freeze-dried allograft mandible and to determine the feasibility of reconstruction the segmental mandible defect including condyle with allograft mandibular bone.Methods:Eighteen dogs were randomly divided into three groups and received bone transplantation,respectively.They were groupⅠ:autogenous mandible;groupⅡ:frozen allograft mandible;and group Ⅲ:freeze-dried allograft mandible.The reconstructive scope was the back part of the ramus,including the condyle.After 24 weeks,the animals were killed,they were evaluated clinically,radiographically and histologically.Results:All the animals were thriving and no wound infection postoperatively.Sixteen weeks after the operation,there was no significant decrease of maximum mouth opening.The height of transplant bone decreased 6.80%,14.65% and 24.09% respectively after twenty-four weeks postoperatively.Conclusion:The transplantation frozen and freeze-dried allograft mandible of canine achieved clinical healing successfully and had similar function of temporomandibular joint.