Based on the train and station state driving, a new AI algorithm for train regulation is proposed. In this paper the train regulation is described as the sorting optimization for delayed trains. The process body, moving body and instruction body are used to drive the train and station state so that the demand of train regulation for timeliness and optimization is satisfied. With the solution provided and the intelligent system for train regulation is developed, an optimization model for train regulation is set up.


The purpose of this research is to reduce causes of incorrect premium remittance calculation, cycle time, and operation time of middle-level employees in the calculation process of premium remittance for Deposit Protection Agency and Financial Institution Development Fund. The improvement is composed of 4 parts, adding automatic data verification and correction in a backup data acquisition process, adding an auditor in a data input process of an accounting system, standardizing a premium remittance calculation process, and adopting robotic process automation to replace human operations. The results of the research show that causes of incorrect premium remittance calculation can be detected and reduced, the cycle time is reduced from 26 days to 10 days, and the operating time is reduced from 577 minutes to 85 minutes.


The prime objective for every life-form is to deliver its genetic material, intact and unchanged, to the next generation. This must be achieved despite constant assaults by endogenous and environmental agents on the DNA. To counter this threat, life has evolved several systems to detect DNA damage, signal its presence and mediate its repair. Such responses, which impact a wide range of cellular events, are biologically significant because they prevent diverse human diseases. Our improving understanding of DNA-damage responses is providing new avenues for disease management. Each of the ~10 13 cells in the human body receives tens of thousands of DNA lesions per day 1. These lesions can block genome replication and transcription, and if they are not repaired or are repaired incorrectly, they lead to mutations or wider-scale genome aberrations that threaten cell or organism viability. Some DNA aberrations arise via physiological processes, such as DNA mismatches occasionally introduced during DNA replication and DNA strand breaks caused by abortive topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II activity. In addition, hydrolytic reactions and non-enzymatic methylations generate thousands of DNA-base lesions per cell per day. DNA damage is also produced by reactive-oxygen compounds arising as byproducts from oxidative respiration or through redox-cycling events involving environmental toxins and Fenton reactions mediated by heavy metals2. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen compounds are also produced by macrophages and neutrophils at sites of inflammation and infections 3. Such chemicals can attack DNA, leading to adducts that impair base-pairing and/or block DNA replication and transcription, base loss, or DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs). Furthermore, when two SSBs arise in close proximity, or when the DNA-replication apparatus encounters a SSB or certain other lesions, double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed. While DSBs do not occur as frequently as the other lesions listed above, they are difficult to repair and extremely toxic 4. The most pervasive environmental DNA-damaging agent is ultraviolet light (UV). While the ozone layer absorbs the most dangerous part of the solar UV spectrum (UV-C), residual UV-A and UV-B in strong sunlight can induce ~100,000 lesions per exposed cell per hour. Ionizing radiation (IR) also generates various forms of DNA damage, the most toxic of these being DSBs 5. Some IR results from radioactive decay of naturally-occurring radioactive compounds. For example, uranium decay produces radioactive radon gas that accumulates in some homes and contributes to lung-cancer incidence. Exposure to natural or man-made radioisotopes also occurs during cancer radiotherapy, while …


Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) causes significant morbidity following lung transplantation (LTX). Mortality is high in PGD and therapeutic strategies are limited. To investigate whether endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) that mediates increased vascular permeability and edema formation in lung grafts can predict PGD, ET‐1 mRNA expression was examined in lung tissue biopsies of 105 donors and recipients obtained shortly before LTX. Serum ET‐1 concentration was assessed by ELISA. PGD grade was diagnosed and scored by oxygenation and radiological characteristics according to ISHLT guidelines. PGD grade 3 developed in 11% of patients. ET‐1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in both donor (p < 0.0001) and recipient (p = 0.01) developing PGD as compared to no PGD group. Pretransplant ET‐1 serum concentrations were elevated in recipients with PGD as compared to no PGD group (p < 0.0001), although serum ET‐1 was not different between donors whose grafts developed PGD grades 0–3. In regression analysis, concomitant elevated donor tissue ET‐1 and recipient serum ET‐1 predicted PGD grade 3. This study indicates that pretransplant ET‐1 mRNA overexpression in donors associated with elevated pretransplant serum ET‐1 in recipients contribute to PGD development and that their assessment might be beneficial to predict PGD and to identify recipients who could benefit from a targeted ET‐1 blockade.


The account which is printed with the present article was found some years ago among unsorted Scottish Exchequer records in Register House, Edinburgh. It relates to the period during which the temporalities of the bishopric of Moray were in the hands of the Crown sede vacante, following the death of Bishop Alexander Stewart. Despite its brevity it is of considerable importance, not only for the information which it gives about the revenues and property of the see but also as an illustration of James Vs financial dealings with the Church.


Chicken B cells create their immunoglobulin repertoire within the Bursa of Fabricius by gene conversion. The high homologous recombination activity is shared by the bursal B-cell-derived DT40 cell line, which integrates transfected DNA constructs at high rates into its endogenous loci. Targeted integration in DT40 is used frequently to analyze the function of genes by gene disruption. In this paper, we describe a large database of >7000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from bursal lymphocytes that should be a valuable resource for the identification of gene disruption targets in DT40. ESTs of interest can be recognized easily by online BLAST or keyword searches. Because the database reflects the gene expression profile of bursal lymphocytes, it provides valuable hints as to which genes might be involved in B-cell–specific processes related to immunoglobulin repertoire formation, signal transduction, transcription, and apoptosis. This large collection of chicken ESTs will also be useful for gene expression studies and comparative gene mapping within the chicken genome project. Details of the bursal EST sequencing project and access to database search forms can be found on the DT40 web site (http://genetics.hpi.uni-hamburg.de/dt40.html).[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession nos. AJ392050–AJ399459.]


Construction of excellent professional curriculum website is the most important part of medical teaching quality and teaching innovation.Requirements,designing procedure,construction and evaluation process as well as the future development for construction of professional curriculum website of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery were proposed by applying content management system (CMS),which based on the technology of dynamic web page and database and by combining with characteristics of the discipline to resolve problems occurred in construction of tradition statical network station.High-quality professional curriculum website is expected to improve teaching quality.

Key words:
Content management system;  Professional curriculum web;  Medical education;  Internet course


Abstract This research was conducted to determine plant biomass, carbon potential, and CO2 reserve potential in understory vegetation in general, namely grasslands, shrubs, and rainfed rice fields. The sampling of the research was carried out randomly and intentionally, and was limited to the vegetation of reeds, shrubs and rainfed land bushes in the Aceh Besar District of Indonesia. The sample was taken based on a digitized map obtained from overlaying the land use map, slope map, soil type map, and Aceh Besar government map. Measurement of biomass in the vegetation of Imperata, shrubs, and rainfed rice fields is in accordance with procedures from the Indonesian National Standard (2011) and the World Agroforestry Center. The area of bush vegetation is larger than that of rainfed rice fields and grasslands. In general, the plants found in bush vegetation are Acacia leucoeplhoea, Mimosa pudica, Cyperus rotundus, and Eleusine indica. Grassland vegetation has one plant only, namely, Pennisetum purpureum. The vegetation of rainfed rice fields consists of the Oryza sativa type of plant. Plant biomass, carbon [C] content, and carbon potential in bush vegetation are greater than that of grassland and rainfed rice fields, as well as plant biomass reserves, plant biomass carbon and total CO2 reserves. Shrubs and woody plants render the potential for biomass, carbon, and CO2 absorption greater than that of grassland and rainfed rice fields. This is in accordance with the research that the increase in biomass is followed by an increase in potential carbon storage. Parameters that affect biomass indirectly will also affect carbon storage in a biomass and in an ecosystem, namely, individual density, stem diameter, tree species diversity, and soil. The density of trees in an area will affect the increase in carbon stocks through an increase in biomass. This is because the vegetation of shrubs does not only consist of undergrowth, but also of woody stems such as Acacia leucoeploea, making carbon stock potential in bush vegetation greater than that of grassland and rainfed rice fields, as shrubs cover an area of 96,962.2 ha, hence larger than that of grasslands and rainfed rice fields.


We consider null bosonic p-branes moving in curved space-times and develop a method for solving their equations of motion and constraints, which is suitable for string theory backgrounds. As an application, we give an exact solution for such background in ten dimensions.


An understanding of the genetic composition of populations across management boundaries is vital to developing successful strategies for sustaining biodiversity and food resources. This is especially important in ecosystems where habitat fragmentation has altered baseline patterns of gene flow, dividing natural populations into smaller sub-populations and increasing potential loss of genetic variation through genetic drift. River systems can be highly fragmented by dams built for flow regulation and hydropower. We used reduced-representation sequencing to examine genomic patterns in an exploited catfish, Hemibagrus spilopterus, in a hotspot of biodiversity and hydropower development- the Mekong River basin. Our results revealed the presence of two highly-divergent coexisting genetic lineages which may be cryptic species. Within the lineage with the greatest sample sizes, pairwise FST values, principal components analysis, and a STRUCTURE analysis all suggest that long-distance migration is not common across the Lower Mekong Basin, even in areas where flood-pulse hydrology has limited genetic divergence. In tributaries, effective population size estimates were at least an order of magnitude lower than in the Mekong mainstream indicating these populations may be more vulnerable to perturbations such as human-induced fragmentation. Fish isolated upstream of several dams in one tributary exhibited particularly low genetic diversity, high amounts of relatedness, and a level of inbreeding (GIS = 0.51) that has been associated with inbreeding depression in other outcrossing species. Our results highlight the importance of assessing genetic structure and diversity in riverine fisheries populations across proposed dam development sites for the preservation of these critically-important resources.


This chapter contains sections titled: Current, Not Voltage Forward Voltage Reverse Breakdown Not Efficiency??-??Efficacy! LED Optical Spectra Overdriving LEDs Key Datasheet Parameters Binning The Tolerance Game


Abstract Potential candidate Gene × Environment interactions in the etiology of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are examined between the dopamine receptor D2 gene (DRD2) and putative family environmental risk factors that reflect mothers' marital stability. Specifically, interactions were tested between DRD2 and mothers' marital status, number of marriages or cohabiting relationships, and age at first marriage. Moderate relations were found among the marital stability measures, and mother's marital status and number of marriages or cohabiting relationships (but not age at first marriage) were risk factors for their children's ADHD. All three mother's marital stability variables were associated with either the child's or mother's DRD2 genotypes. Gene × Environment interactions were found for children's ADHD diagnoses between children's DRD2 genotypes and mother's marital status and number of marriages or cohabiting relationships. It is of interest that these interactions were strengthened with the progressive addition of sets of covariates intended to control for alternative causal pathways that represent background genetic and environmental context confounds. The present findings highlight the importance of considering both the nexus of putative environmental risk factors and whether their etiology and effects are truly environmental in future Gene × Environment interaction research.


Globalisation has been a boon to businesses and consumers across the globe. It has helped the firms to specialise and intensify their R & D. It has made it a lot easier for new firms to compete with old incumbents in the market. Many goods which were earlier affordable by few are now common in all households. Globalisation has opened the floodgates of economic growth for developing countries. But along with this economic growth comes externalities. One of the most important challenge in the era of globalisation is to keep the environment clean as well as satisfy and retain the consumers. Green marketing is the new buzz word. It is a strategy typically followed by companies that are committed to sustainable development and corporate social responsibility(CSR). The present day consumer is much more conscious and weighs the environmental impact of their purchases. Thus, green marketing has become the new strategic imperative for the businesses. The paper attempts to study the impact of green marketing on consumer satisfaction and environmental safety. The paper also analysis the various opportunities and challenges while using it as a strategy.


vehicle intelligence system, mainly due to new innovation of technological that fast and easy installation. The embedded systems application for traffic application such as their lane detection and tracking, real-time vision on vehicle, and a driver assistance system (DAS). The most in the several fields of image processing has applied in traffic applications in a lane detection. In this paper, presents the state of the art in development a lane detection in between since 2003-present used in vehicle intelligent system for specific traffic applications. However, the lane detection approach based on the image processing of their feature-driven, area-driven, vision-driven and model-based. Furthermore, we discriminate between the cases study of mobile camera, digital camera, video camera or input data methods (Image or Video). Based on this categorization of processing tools, we present technique systems that have been deployed for operation. Thus, in summary of the paper provides the state of the art in lane detection and their operation in traffic applications. The lane detection focuses on new techniques, namely automatic lane finding and tracking such as their , adaptive ROI initialization, adaptive landmark ROI, Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR), finding the local adaptive threshold , tracking and fitting the lane-marks and Inverse Perspective Mapping (IPM). It attempts to compile the differences in the requirements and the constraints of these new techniques so the applied to embedded systems and future trends ,Thus for example, automatic driver, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), real-time traffic sign recognition system, android-based smart phone application, and embedded system design.


This paper presents a novel web-based crowdsourcing platform for the
 assessment of the subjective and objective quality of experience (QoE) of the
 video service in the cloud-server environment. The user has the option to
 enter subjective QoE data for video service by filling out a web
 questionnaire. The objective QoE data of the cloud-server, network condition,
 and the user device is automatically captured by the crowdsourcing platform.
 Our proposed system collects both objective and subjective QoE simultaneously
 in real-time. The paper presents the key technologies used in the development
 of the platform and describes the functional requirements and design ideas of
 the system in detail. The system collects real-time comprehensive data to
 enhance the quality of the user experience to provide a valuable reference.
 The system is tested in a real-time environment and the test results are
 given in terms of the system performance. The crowdsourcing platform has new
 features of real-time network monitoring, the client device, and cloud
 monitoring, which currently has not been provided by existing web platforms
 and crowdsourcing frameworks. The results show that 1MB buffer is filled 100%
 very soon after starting watching videos from the crowdsourcing platform.


�� Yosuke HIRAYAMA This paper explores the impact of married women's employment status on acquiring family-owned housing. In postwar Japan, as well as in many other societies, home ownership has been strongly linked with the male breadwinner family model. Over the past two decades, however, Japan has undergone a prolonged period of economic decline, leading to a decrease in male breadwinners with stable incomes and a counter increase in wives participating in the labour market. Consequently, wives' employment status has become more definitive in stratifying family households in terms of entering the


Vias can introduce impedance discontinuity, slow down signal edge rate, add jitter and reduce eye openings, and cause data misinterpretation by the receiver in high-speed channel. This paper presents the design and optimization of differential vias for high-speed serial ATA connection at the data rate of 6 Gb/s. First, differential vias on a specific stackup were modeled in the 3D full-wave solver HFSS. Second, via mechanical design parameters, including via stub length, antipad radius, capture pad radius, barrel radius, and spacing, were swept to study their impacts on impedance discontinuity using TDR impedance determined by simulation. Third, importance of differential via optimization was highlighted by case studies of two PCB transmission line connections with nominal and optimized differential vias respectively.


This article presents a study of the techno-economical feasibility of manufacturing biofuel ethanol at small scale from agricultural sources in New Zealand. It investigates possible agricultural products and wastes as potential feedstock and looks at laboratory-scale fermentation trials to determine their ethanol yields. The ethanol requirement to replace all gasoline in New Zealand with a 10 vol% blend (E10) is 300 ML/yr. Current production is derived from whey with output being about one sixth of this requirement. Sugarcane, sugar beets, maize, potato waste, and spoilt kiwifruit possess potential for use as feedstock. New Zealand currently grows approximately 150,000 t/yr maize, sufficient for making 45 ML/yr ethanol, and also has the potential to exploit 100,000 t/yr potato processing waste and 18,000 t/yr spoilt kiwifruit. Sugarcane and sugar beets are currently not grown on a large scale in New Zealand. However, sugarcane is of particular interest because of its high ethanol yield (7,750 L/Ha) and ease of processing.


Have been done the isolation of flavonoids from the leaves of the kapok (Ceiba pentandra L.) in Chemical Research Laboratory, Faculty of mathematics ande Natural Sciences of the State University of Padang. This research aims to isolate and to know the characteristics of the flavonoid compounds from the leaves of kapok. Method of insulationus is maceration with methanol, followed by oil with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Separation of the ethyl acetate fraction by coloumn chromatography using silica, eluen used ethylacetate : methanol in SGP. Test the purity of the insulation is done with KLT and melting point. Flavonoids obtained pure white-brownish powder with melting point range 263,3-263,8 0 C. Test result with 10% NaOH color reagents, concentrated H 2 SO 4 andMg-HCl showed the presence offlavonoids. Results test KKt2A bares stain is at regional aglikon flavon. The data analysis spectra IR showed the groups –OH ether, C=C aromatis and carbonyl C=O. While of spectra uv-vis the presence of a cluster of -OH on C-3. From the data up allegedly flavonoid the result of isolation is a flavone with a cluster of –OH on C-3 namely 3-hidroksiflavon.


Various sudden events frequently occurred in recent years,enormously influced people's life,therefore,people to disasters is also more and more high degree of concern.Based on the three kinds of catastrophic track events as the research object,analyzing the gender characteristics of text such as continuity and perspectives between the related reported events,This paper introduces the rules matching method for information extraction of sudden tracking events,the experimental results show that the proposed information extraction method has relative higher accuracy.


Natural User Interface (NUI) is a motion interface that utilizes and recognizes body movements without using input devices directly. This paper proposes a method that estimates user indoor location to utilize the user indoor locations as control signals. The user indoor locations are estimated by utilizing measured distance from a beacon to APs.


Blood disease bacterium (BDB) is one of the important diseases in banana and a major obstacle in developing and increasing banana production in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to prove the ability of the Drosophilidae insect as a vector in transmitting BDB. The research was conducted at the Insect Biosystematics Laboratory and Plant Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. Drosophilidae insects were taken from the field and then reared in laboratory by being fed with ripe bananas to obtain offspring that are free from diseases or pathogens. Imago of the Drosophilidae from rearing was fed by inoculum sources which was infected banana, then inoculated into healthy plants. The plants used were healthy and flowering, heliconia. The results showed that the Drosophilidae insects were able to transmit BDB to heliconia plants that showed symptoms, brownish flower colors and falling flower crowns. Detection of BDB isolated from flower parts and the inside parts of the insects used in transmission test using the PCR method showed positive results.


The invention provides a lower cutter structure for combine harvesters, which comprises a drive support shaft, a turnplate, a positioning rod, a lifting rod, a retractable pull rod mechanism, a cutter bar driving mechanism and a cutter bar mechanism, the drive support shaft is rotatably mounted at the front end of a harvester chassis support, and the turnplate is mounted on the head of the drive support shaft; the retractable pull rod mechanism comprises an upper screw rod, an upper locknut, a pull rod, a lower locknut, a lower screw rod and a lock bolt; the cutter bar driving mechanism comprises a connecting rod, a rectangular fixed base, two curved lock fasteners, a rotary shaft, an upper swing arm, a lower swing arm, a driving rod and a driving bearing; the cutter bar mechanism comprises a bar-shaped cutter bar holder and a bar-shaped cutter bar. The lower cutter structure can further cut straws cut by a header, so the load of a conveying chute and a thresher is reduced, straws are favorably returned into fields, and the lower cutter structure has a broad application prospect.


Gaudiebility is defined as a set of modulators that regulates enjoyable experiences. Depressed patients are unable to enjoy life experiences. The aim of this pilot study was to test the efficacy of a group therapy approach based on gaudiebility principles in patients with unipolar depression. The experimental group included 7 patients who were diagnosed with unipolar depression and who scored less than 50 points on the gaudiebility scale. The control group consisted of 10 patients with similar characteristics. The experimental group was treated with both a standard treatment and gaudiebility therapy. The control group was treated only with the standard treatment. Our results showed improvement in the experimental group as indicated by the clinical scales evaluated: the Beck depression scale (24.57 to 13.14, p= 0.02), the gaudiebility scale (32.71 to 49.57, p= 0.04), the quality of life scale (87.14 to 104.43, p= 0.02), and the psychological well-being scale (61.86 to 82.14, p= 0.02). This improvement was maintained after both 3 months and 2 years. The control group showed statistically significant differences only in the quality of life scale (87.1 to 97.6, p= 0.014). Our study suggests that gaudiebility therapy intervention is effective as an additional treatment in patients with unipolar depression. Further exploration of this finding is required, including testing with other disorders and the use of a randomized placebo control study design.


Detailed cost and performance data for the proposed tower focus pilot plant and commercial plant are given. The baseline central receiver concept defined by the MDAC team consists of the following features: (A) an external receiver mounted on a tower, and located in a 360/sup 0/ array of sun-tracking heliostats which comprise the collector subsystem. (B) feedwater from the electrical power generation subsystem is pumped through a riser to the receiver, where the feedwater is converted to superheated steam in a single pass through the tubes of the receiver panels. (C) The steam from the receiver is routed through a downcomer to the ground and introduced to a turbine directly for expansion and generation of electricity, and/or to a thermal storage subsystem, where the steam is condensed in charging heat exchangers to heat a dual-medium oil and rock thermal storage unit (TSU). (D) Extended operation after daylight hours is facilitated by discharging the TSU to generate steam for feeding the admission port of the turbine. (E) Overall control of the system is provided by a master control unit, which handles the interactions between subsystems that take place during startup, shutdown, and transitions between operating modes. (WHK)


Ion channeling and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) have been used to study rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of 10‐keV B‐ and 45‐keV BF2‐implanted, crystalline, and preamorphized Si. Samples were capped with SiO2 and annealed in a nitrogen atmosphere with an AG Associates 210T Heatpulse system. Damage depth distributions were determined with He+ ion channeling. Extensive disorder was observed near the B projected range following a 1050 °C/20‐s RTA cycle of B‐implanted crystalline Si. For the same annealing conditions, much less residual damage was apparent for B‐implanted preamorphized Si. No disorder was observed in the near‐surface region (<30 nm) following a 1050 °C/20‐s RTA cycle of BF2‐implanted, crystalline, and preamorphized Si. Post‐anneal damage at the original amorphous/crystalline interface was greater for BF2‐implanted crystalline Si compared to BF2‐implanted preamorphized Si. The relative retained B and F doses were determined with NRA using the 11B(p,α)8Be* and 19F(p,α0)16O reactions, respective...


This study was conducted with the aim of seeing the difference in trading volume activity (TVA) and abnormal stock returns before and after the stock split on issuers listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2022 period. This research uses a quantitative approach, with the type of research being an event study. The event study analysis period was carried out with an observation period of 5 days before the stock split, 1 day after the stock split, and 5 days after the stock split, so that the number of research periods was 11 days. The population in this study was 380, while the sample used was 34 issuers. The sampling method used is purposive sampling. This study used a secondary type of data source, where the entire data was obtained from the official website or website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The variables used are independent variables in the form of stock splits, as well as dependent variables in the form of TVA and abnormal returns. Meanwhile, the data collection techniques used in this study are literature studies and documentation studies. The test results for the TVA variable using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that there was a difference in TVA before and after the stock split action by the issuer. Meanwhile, testing for abnormal return variables using paired sample t-tests, shows the results that there is a difference in abnormal stock returns both before and after the stock split action by issuers.
 Keywords: Trading Volume Activity, Abnormal Return, Stock Split


The one-electron potential, derived from the electron density, is a three-dimensional function, whereas Bohm's quantum potential depends on the spatial coordinates of all involved electrons. To analyze the relationship between the two potentials in the many-electron case, first the dimensionality of the quantum potential needs to be reduced to match that of the one-electron potential. A possible approach for such dimensionality reduction by calculating the expectation value of the quantum potential over all but one electron, using the factorization of the real part of the wave function into a marginal and conditional function is presented, and a relation between such three-dimensional local quantum potential and the one-electron potential is given. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001


In December, 2007, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) released a report entitled "Research on the Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments."1 The CBO noted that for many conditions high-quality evidence that can direct clinical care is lacking. The report called for expanded federal efforts in comparativeness effectiveness research (CER), defined as "a rigorous evaluation of the impact of different options that are available for treating a given medical condition for a particular set of patients." Subsequent to the CBO report, two major pieces of Congressional legislation have stimulated public interest in CER. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 allocated $1.1 Billion to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Agency for Health Research and Quality (AHRQ), and the Office of the Secretary for Health and Human Services to fund comparative effectiveness research, and to generate major reports on national priorities in CER. The Affordable Care Act of 2010 established a non-profit nongovernmental "Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute"2 that will establish and oversee a national research program and attempt to establish methodological standards for CER.

While the CBO report and the two Congressional Acts have drawn much attention to CER, such research is not new.3 The NIH and the Veterans Administration (VA) have supported comparative effectiveness research for decades. However, the new national focus on CER has stimulated a number of discussions—and, at times, debates4—on topics such as the need for more high-quality clinical evidence, the attitudes of physicians towards science and evidence-based decision-making,5 the role of economics research in health care,6 and (among the most contentious issues) the complementary roles of observational and experimental research in informing clinical care.7,8 With the advent of the informatics revolution and advances in biostatistical methods, some are asking whether population-based and clinical epidemiology may be in a position to push aside the "gold standard" status traditionally given to randomized trials. Others are more cautious, noting that observational findings have often led to dangerously wrong conclusions.


Leaching of Cobalt from LiCoO_2 cathode with sulfuric acid by ultrasonic was studied.The experimental results show that the leach efficiency of cobalt at the condations of mechanical stirring is obviously higher than without mechanical stirring,and effect of ultrasonic is significant under low concentration of H_2SO_4(<1.0 mol/L).Meanwhile,ultrasonic leaching mechanism is discussed, reductive leaching of cobalt by ultrasonic has high effect under the conditions of low H_2SO_4 concentration and mechanical stirring,microcosmic shock wave produced by ultrasonic has no high effect on diffusion.


The present study explores the threshold behaviour of human axons and the mechanisms contributing to this behaviour. The changes in excitability of cutaneous afferents in the median nerve at the wrist were recorded to a long‐lasting subthreshold conditioning stimulus, with a waveform designed to maximize the contribution of currents active in the just‐subthreshold region. The conditioning stimulus produced a decrease in threshold that developed over 3–5 ms following the end of the depolarization and then decayed slowly, in a pattern similar to the recovery of axonal excitability following a discharge. To ensure that the conditioning stimulus did not activate low‐threshold axons, similar recordings were then made from single motor axons in the ulnar nerve at the elbow. The findings were comparable, and behaviour with the same pattern and time course could be reproduced by subthreshold stimuli in a model of the human axon. In motor axons, subthreshold depolarizing stimuli, 1 ms long, produced a similar increase in excitability, but the late hyperpolarizing deflection was less prominent. This behaviour was again reproduced by the model axon and could be explained by the passive properties of the nodal membrane and conventional Na+ and K+ currents. The modelling studies emphasized the importance of leak current through the Barrett–Barrett resistance, even in the subthreshold region, and suggested a significant contribution of K+ currents to the threshold behaviour of axons. While the gating of slow K+ channels is slow, the resultant current may not be slow if there are substantial changes in membrane potential. By extrapolation, we suggest that, when human axons discharge, nodal slow K+ currents will be activated sufficiently early to contribute to the early changes in excitability following the action potential.


As the total output value of Chinese animation industry rises year by year, Chinese animation companies need to seek their own suitable development path to ensure consumers' satisfaction with animation brands, thus improving the economy benefit of the company. In view of this, the research collected 387 valid samples through the questionnaire survey to explore the antecedents of animation brand satisfaction. The research results show that the animation content, market performance, and brand personality of animation brands have significant positive impacts on the perceived value and satisfaction of animation fans. Among them, the animation content has the most significant impact on perceived value and satisfaction, while perceived value has some mediating effect.


In the problem of aggregating experts' probabilistic predictions or opinions over an ordered set of outcomes, we introduce the axiom of level-strategyproofness (Level-SP) and argue that it is natural in several real-life applications and robust as a notion. It implies truthfulness in a rich domain of single-peaked preferences over the space of cumulative distributions. This contrasts with the existing literature, where we usually assume single-peaked preferences over the space of probability distributions. Our main results are (1) explicit char- acterizations of all Level-SP methods with and without the addition of other axioms (certainty preservation, plausibility preservation, proportionality, weighted voters); (2) comparisons and axiomatic characterizations of two new and practical Level-SP methods: the proportional-cumulative and the middlemost-cumulative; (3) a use of the proportional-cumulative to construct a new voting method (MJU) that extends majority judgment (MJ) method for electing and ranking alternatives. In MJ, a voter attributes a grade on a scale of merits such as Λ = { Great; Good; Average; Poor; Terrible } to each candidate/alternative. In MJU, vot- ers can express their uncertainties/doubts about the merits (e.g. a voter can submit, for each candidate, a probability distribution over Λ). We show that MJU inherits most of the salient properties of MJ (e.g. it avoids Arrow and Condorcet paradoxes and it resists to some natural strategic manipulations).


In order to understand the evolvements of gas sensitive material and its' preparations, the preparation and progress of nanopowder, nanomembrane,nanometer 1-D materials and mesporous/macroporous materials were mainly summaried. New and traditional technologies which were coming forth and improving will accelerate the process of SnO2 nanostructure materials and micro, high-efficient, integrative, multifunctional, intellectualized gas sensor, with the help of doped substance.


Let M be a quasi-variety of torsion-free groups in which squares of all elements are commutative. In this paper we constructed a lattice of quasivarieties contained in M and defined by given quasiidentities in two variables.


In this paper attention is focused on the dynamics of a linear structure subjected to periodic forces. The structural dynamics equation can be solved using frequency analysis methods or step-wise integration methods. Although these approaches are easy to implement, the resulting analysis can be very time consuming for systems involving several hundred degrees of freedom. Variable step integrators make adjustments to control stability and accuracy which can require very small integration steps. Consequently, less sophisticated formulations employing fixed step-size are often employed. The paper investigates two such algorithms in the particular case of a machine tool fitted out with a dynamic damper. A program to solve the above mentioned problem was developed and questions regarding computational efficiency and numerical accuracy of these algorithms are examined.


This study aims to describe the obstacles in preaching the gospel and the attitudes of church leaders in Klungkung district-Bali in dealing with these obstacles. To achieve the objectives of the study, this research was conducted qualitatively, which intends to understand the phenomenon with respect to what is experienced by the research subject. Therefore, the method used is to search for relevant literature sources (library research) and interviews with research subjects. The data obtained is then collected for processing and then described, analyzed and interpreted in such away. After the research procedure was carried out, it was found that there were obstacles, both internal and external, in preaching the gospel in Klungkung, Bali. For internal barriers, there are seven kinds of obstacles, while external barriers there are ten kinds of obstacles. Leaders of Protestant Churches in Klungkung Regency, Bali 100% understand the attitude of Church leaders in the book of Acts chapters 1-8 in dealing with internal and external obstacles. AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hambatan-hambatan dalam pemberitaan Injil dan sikap para pemimpin gereja di kabupaten Klungkung, Bali dalam menghadapi hambatan tersebut. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian tersebut maka penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif, yang bermaksud untuk memahami fenomena berkenaan dengan apa yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian. Oleh karena itu, metode yang dipakai adalah menelusuri sumber literatur yang relevan (penelitian pustaka) serta wawancara dengan subjek penelitian. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dikumpulkan untuk diolah dan kemudian dideskripsikan, dianalisis diinterpretasi sedemikian rupa. Setelah prosedur penelitian tersebut dilak-sanakan maka ditemukan bahwa terdapat hambatan-hambatan, baik internal dan eksternal dalam pemberitaan Injil di Kabupaten Klungkung, Bali. Untuk hambatan internal terdapat tujuh macam hambatan, sedangkan hambatan eksternal ada sepuluh macam hambatan. Pemimpin gereja Protestan se-Kabupaten Klungkung, Bali 100% memahami tentang sikap pemimpin gereja di kitab Kisah Para Rasul pasal 1-8 dalam menghadapi hambatan-hambatan internal dan eksternal.


Despite the remarkable economic performance in the last twenty-five years, India maintains a high discrepancy between the rate of growth of the economy and the rate of growth of employment. Labour elasticity to output has decreased over time and the capability of the Indian economy to generate employment seems to be limited. As a result, more than 60 percent of Indian workers are still employed in agriculture and 94 percent of total labour force can be found in the unregistered segment of the economy. This paper analyzes the jobless growth problem in India in terms of a Kaldorian framework where the linkages between agriculture and industry enter the labour demand through the changes in the terms of trade between the two sectors. Moreover, we investigate the role of the unorganized sector in influencing the growth of the registered employment. Using a dynamic panel dataset on registered manufacturing from the 15 major Indian states over the period 1980-2004, our System-GMM estimates show that states with a higher growth of demand for industrial goods originating from agriculture also exhibit a higher growth of employment. In addition, in those states where the weight of the unregistered manufacturing has risen over time, the jobless growth problem has worsened.


Infants, children and pregnant women should not drink raw milk or eat products made with raw milk because they can cause illness or death, according to a recent report from the American Academy of Pediatrics.

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Milk, cheese, yogurt and ice cream that are not pasteurized are


Ant colony optimization(ACO)is a meta-heuristic random search technique to solve combination optimization problems effectively.Traveling Salesman Problem(TSP)is a typical combination optimization problem,which is easy to be described and hard to be solved.After describing the basic principle of three classical ant colony algorithm for solving the traveling salesman problem,current development situations of ant colony algorithm are emphatically analyzed.Five main development directions of ant colony algorithm are summarized,including,local optimization algorithm based ant colony algorithm,the improvement of the pheromone update method,the combination of ant colony algorithm and other algorithm,optimize parameter of ant colony algorithm and parallel ant colony algorithm.And these five development directions have the trend of integration.


The paper presents the study of waves in a structured geometrically chiral solid. A special attention is given to the analysis of the Bloch-Floquet waves in a doubly periodic high-contrast lattice containing tilted resonators. Dirac-like dispersion of Bloch waves in the structure is identified, studied and applied to wave-guiding and wave-defect interaction problems. The work is extended to the transmission problems and models of fracture, where localisation and edge waves occur. The theoretical derivations are accompanied with numerical simulations and illustrations.


Analysis of the demographic, temporal and seasonal distribution of hantavirus infections in Barbados was conducted using national surveillance data for 861 laboratory confirmed cases during 2008-2016. The crude incidence rate of hantavirus infections varied from 5.05 to 100.16 per 100,000 persons per year. One major hantavirus epidemic occurred in Barbados during 2010. Hantavirus cases occurred throughout the year with low level transmission during the dry season (December to June) with increased transmission during rainy season (July to November) and a seasonal peak in August. Hantavirus incidence rates were significantly higher in females than males every year during the study period. More than 50% of hantavirus cases were 30 years of age or less. The highest incidence rate (63.36 cases per 100,000 population) was observed among patients 0–4 years of age. This represents the first epidemiological data for hantavirus disease among an entire population in the English-speaking Caribbean.


This paper focuses on the relationship between Navajo traditional cultural values and history and the problems associated with women battering on the Navajo Reservation. The author argues that public policy regarding the problem of women battering must take into consideration the history and cultural traditions of the victims, batterers, and those in a position to help them. With this understanding, it may be possible to develop more effective means of resolving the problem among discrete groups of people.


Economic growth and development is a dream without having well focused and effective strategies to eradicate poverty through extending credits to women. The mobilization of funds comes directly from the participant's savings and therefore the use of funds is under group scrutiny.  This paper aims to examine the repayment problems of women borrowers of microfinance. A sample of 100 respondents comprising 20 groups were interviewed. The groups utilize self-selection of members so that a strong degree of promise, trust and consent exists among members Limited amount of loan and procedural hurdles were found to be the two major problems in group loans. The strengthened social ties and trust in groups reduce the repayment problems to a large extent. In addition, the study noted that groups that were formed by the borrowers themselves had less repayment problems. Surprisingly, group members belonging to different levels of education and income groups had lesser repayment problems. The present study therefore recommends that microfinance institutions in targeting the women should improve and smoothen the loaning procedure, extend higher credit limits to socially heterogeneous groups.

 Key words: Social ties, trust, repayment problems, self-selection.


Although bonds have been commonly used for financing construction works in developed countries such as the United States, Asian governments would like to see their construction growth increasingly funded by alternative sources such as the capital market, instead of overrelying on bank loans. Yet even in relatively active markets such as Hong Kong and Singapore, the use of bond financing for infrastructure development is limited. In a recent study based on two questionnaire surveys with subsequent interviews about retail and institutional investors, results demonstrated that credit risk was a major concern and that deterrents include lack of bond market information, illiquidity of domestic bonds, and the reliability of external credit ratings. Institutional investors, however, welcome infrastructure bonds because of the stable income stream matching their long-term commitments. To address these practical concerns, we have proposed credit and liquidity enhancement measures in this paper as the critical succ...


Adult female starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were injected with testosterone in order to determine the song structures they had in memory. Those females had been caught in the wild in different geographical areas and had different ages. This hormone treatment clearly stimulated singing behaviour of females in isolation and revealed their ability to sing quite complex songs. Both categories of songs observed in males (warbling and whistles) were demonstrated and large repertoires were observed. Although the testosterone treatment may have altered the female song system and induced male-like vocalizations, it is interesting that none of the species-typic elements of male starlings was produced by the experimental females. Large changes were found in both repertoire size and composition over a year, revealing a high plasticity, even in older birds. We also found evidence that even under testosterone treatment, females do not necessarily sing all the songs they may have in memory.


Seriously treating the compulsion of commercial law should be the essential precondition of the rationalization of commercial law. The compulsion of commercial law, as a technical means to realize the efficiency of transaction, is an outcome of the needs of technology of market transaction, but not results from the governmental active interference in economy . The compulsion is an inherit character of commercial law, which conforms with the autonomy of private law.


Most major fisheries of the world are becoming depleted, largely by human over-exploitation. The basic problem is that fishers cannot or will not generate rules to conserve the resources upon which their livelihood depends. They are unable to solve this communal action dilemma although all would gain. Some fisher groups have been able to establish conservation-oriented guidelines either by lobbying the state (a centralized solution) or by generating self-imposed rules (a decentralized solution). We analyze the factors that allow lobster fishers on four Maine islands to benefit from self-imposed trap limits while most other lobster fishers must await decisions of the state legislature. It is argued that Knight's bargaining theory of norm development explains the trap limit. At root, trap limit rules are the result of a distributional fight over the resource. However, a number of other factors are necessary for fishers to constrain themselves informally. This case modifies and extends the use of rational choice theory in understanding the generation of rules for conserving resources.


This research was conducted at KFC Sudirman Pekanbaru, as for the purpose of this study to determine the effect of product development and brand image on consumer's satisfaction at KFC Sudirman Pekanbaru. Product development as an independent variable (X1) and brand image as an independent variable (X2) while the customer's satisfaction as the dependent variable(Y). The problem in this research is the target and actual sales of KFC Sudirman Pekanbaru that never hit the target. Seen from the percentage of sales that fluctuate or experience ups and downs of product purchase within the last 4 years. The sample used in this study of 100 respondents from the population using the formula slovin. As well as a sampling technique by purposive sampling. Questioner. The result of data collection through analysis using multiple linear regression, t test, and the test so it can be seen that f variable product development positively affects customer's satisfaction, brand image that administration significant effect on customer satisfaction, and significant influence between product development and the image of the product to consumer's satisfaction. Keywords: Product Development, Brand and Customer's Satisfaction


2-year-old potted grown plants raised by the cuttings of Euonymus fortunei were used as materials to study the growth of branches and physiological soil characters under conditions of four artificial controlled drought gradient(20%,40%,60% and 80%).The results showed that branch growing quantity,leaf weight and leaf net photosynthesis rate increased with the raise of soil relative water content.Midday depression of photosynthesis existed.When soil relative water content(SRWC) was above 60%,branch and leaf growing quantity were larger,net photosynthesis rate was better.The curve of diurnal variation of leaf net photosynthesis showed two peaks,the first peak appeared at 11:00 and the second one appeared at 15:00.Branch growing quantity,leaf weight and leaf net photosynthesis rate dropped with the decrease of SRWC.When SRWC were 20% and 40%,the first peak of diurnal variation of the leaf net photosynthesis appeared at 9:00,the peak was lower;the second peak appeared at 13:00 and 15:00.When SRWC was 20%,branches and leaves grew slowly,indicating that E.fortunei had strong drought resistant capability.


Background: Many studies regarding task-oriented training have recently demonstrated functional improvement in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis. The task-oriented approach is very diverse, and chronic stroke patients must have access to a sustained systematic treatment program to enhance their walking ability. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of the task-oriented circuit training and treadmill training on walking function and quality of life in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Fourteen patients with chronic stroke volunteered for this study. The subjects were randomly divided into a task-oriented circuit training group and a treadmill training group with 7 patients in each. Each training regimen was performed for 30 min a day and 3 days a week for 4 weeks. Assessment tools included the Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUGT), 10-m Walk Test, 6-min Walk Test (6MWT), and the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS). Results: The change in results of the TUGT, 6MWT, and SIS measured prior to and following the training regimens appeared to be significantly different between the two groups (p


The influence of the time interval (TI) between drug administration and laser activation on selectivity of meta‐tetrahydroxy‐ phenylchlorin(mTHPC)‐mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) for tumour tissue was assessed in BALB/c nude mice bearing human malignant mesothelioma xenografts. Following i.p. administration of 0.3 mg/kg mTHPC, a light dose of 10 J/cm2 and 0.1 W/cm2 was delivered at 650 nm on the tumour and an equal‐sized area of the hind leg after 4. I2, 24 and 36 hr and 2,3, 4,5 and 6 days to groups of 6 animals (surface irradiance). Then, 72 hr after light delivery, the depth of necrosis was measured in the tumour and in the skin and underlying muscle of the hind leg. Photosensitized necrosis occurred in normal tissue at TI from 4 hr to 3 days and in the tumour at TI from I2 hr to 4 days. The therapeutic ratio of mTHPC‐PDT varied significantly with the time interval between drug administration and laser activation and was greatest at an interval of 3 days. mTHPC concentration was measured in 3 control unirradiated animals at all time points in normal tissues and in tumour tissue, and found to be the same in both tissues. Thus the tissue concentration of mTHPC was of limited use as regards the prediction of photosen‐sitizing effects in the tumour model.


Nine new vanadium complexes, with tridentate Schiff base ligand based on 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and different hydrazides, are described and characterized. The X-ray crystal structure of complex 8 shows distorted octahedral geometry of vanadium, with ONO ligand in equatorial position. The tridentate Schiff base ligand forms six membered and five-membered chelate rings at the V(V) acceptor center, with the corresponding bite angles being 82.97(9)˚ and 74.48(9)˚. The molecules are gathered by means of intermolecular O-H∙∙∙N hydrogen bond and layered by π∙∙∙π interactions involving the pyridine and phenolate rings. Such interactions expand the structure along the crystallographic a axis. The complexes were characterized by the elemental analyses, IR, UV-Vis, EPR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, thermogravimetry and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The stabilization role of co-ligands is discussed. The cytotoxicity versus HepG2 hepatocytes and inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B was studied.


Oliver Wendell Holmes, the physician, poet and novelist, was a frequent and at times outspoken commentator on the practice of medicine. His speeches and writings reveal Holmes's remarkable wit and facility in addressing such topics as medical education, drug prescription and medicine in society. Although delivered in the previous century his comments often seem to retain remarkable relevance in the current medical forum.


Big data is present everywhere and it can help organization in any industry in many different ways. One of the main sources of this data is the increased digitization in every aspect of life. In general terms, digitization is the process of making something digital. That is, use computer technology in the middle of an activity that used to be done without computers. For example, people used to shoot pictures on film, but now most of the pictures are digital. People used to pay tolls with cash, and now it is digital. People used to drive cars with rack-and-pinion steering, now they are all drive-by-wire, fully digital rolling computers.


In this letter, a model for growing highly synchronizable networks is introduced. The model is based on preferential attachment in which the new nodes tip to old ones in a way to maximize the synchronization properties of the network. Criteria based on the eigenvectors corresponding to the second smallest and the largest eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix of the connection graph were used to choose the old nodes to which a new node makes connection. Numerical simulations showed that these networks have considerably lower eigenratio (the largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian divided by the second smallest one), and hence better synchronizability, as compared to standard Barabási-Albert (BA) scale-free networks. These two models were also different in their statistical properties. BA networks demonstrated larger global and local efficiency, while modularity and assortativity of highly synchronizable networks were larger. The proposed model resulted in networks with almost power-law degree distribution (except an exponential start). Furthermore, the hub nodes in these networks had much smaller degree as compared to those of BA networks.


The color intensity of Maillard reaction products(MRPs),between D-glucose and L-phenylalanine at 37 ℃ and pH 6.5 for 1~35 d,was analyzed.The effects of metal ions(Fe2+ and Cu2+) and the water content in solvent on Maillard browning were also monitored.The results show that the rate of the model Maillard reaction is inversely proportional to water content,the reaction rate increasing with the decrease of the water content.Browning tends to be accelerated in the presence of Fe2+ and Cu2+ and the reaction time is shortened effectively.Their catalysis increases first and then decreases with the increase in the concentration of metal ions.The catalysis is strongest when the concentrations of Fe2+ and Cu2+ are 0.2 mmol/L,and the browning reaction is somewhat faster in the presence of Cu2+ than of Fe2+.


Title Variational Theories with Many-Body Correlations for Dilute Bose‒Einstein Condensates [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) 河野, 航 Citation 北海道大学. 博士(理学) 甲第13905号 Issue Date 2020-03-25 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/78448 Rights(URL) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Wataru_KOHNO_abstract.pdf (論文内容の要旨)


A ligand with both a terpyridine and a pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate group (abbreviated as terpy–pydic) was designed and synthesized. This ligand reacted with [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2 to afford a novel oligomer ruthenium complex named as oligomer-Ru(terpy)(pydic) which was characterized thoroughly. Under the catalysis of this oligomer ruthenium complex, different sorts of secondary alcohols were oxidized to the corresponding kenones by the oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Besides, this catalyst can be readily recovered and recycled several times without a large loss of its efficiency.


A high-accuracy switched-capacitor (SC) differential-capacitance-to-time converter (DCTC) for capacitive sensors is presented for high-accuracy ratiometric operation. This circuit does not require component matching. Performances of the proposed circuit are simulated by HSPICE using 0.18 μm CMOS process parameters. Simulated results have demonstrated that 0.2% resolution is achievable. The op-amp and comparator were integrated using 0.18 μm triple-well CMOS process. Measured results using prototype circuits indicate that the gain and offset errors are 0.16% and 0.095% of the full scale, respectively. The proposed circuit is suited for co-integration with MEMS-type sensors and microcontroller-based measurement system.


Resting cell suspensions of the soil methylotroph Methylosinus trichosporium OB-3b rapidly metabolize acetonitrile (ACN) and chloroacetonitrile (CCN) to bicarbonate. Formate, a natural substrate for this organism, is a major metabolite in both cases. The first step in these processes, established with 13C-labeled substrates and NMR analysis, is an oxygen insertion into the C−H bond to yield the corresponding cyanohydrins. With acetonitrile, the loss of HCN from the initially formed cyanohydrin (HOCH2CN) produces formaldehyde. The latter is rapidly converted to formate and CO2. With chloroacetonitrile, the first formed cyanohydrin [HOCHCl(CN)] may lose HCN to produce formyl chloride or lose HCl to yield formyl nitrile. The generation of CO, in addition to formate, implicates formyl chloride and/or formyl nitrile as intermediates. With neither ACN nor CCN is the nitrile moiety directly attacked or hydrolyzed. In particular, the nitrile hydrolysis products from CCN, chloroacetamide (CAM), and chloroacetic ac...


Highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays fabricated by electrochemical anodization of titanium have attracted significant attention due to their splendid promising applications. One of the factors limiting the application of TiO2 nanotube arrays was their long sustaining reaction time by anodic oxidation, usually lasting 6 – 12 h and even longer when systhesizing thicker nanotubular layers. In this paper, we reported for the first time a facile and effective route to accelerate the formation of TiO2 nanotube arrays by proper proportional addition of sodium carbonate(Na2CO3) into the anodization electrolyte. In our experiments, we adopted the 0.3 wt% NH4F + EG (ethylene glycol) + 3.0 vol% H2O electrolyte and we added Na2CO3 with the proportion n(NH4F) : n(Na2CO3) = 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 and 5:1. The field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) characterization results suggested the Na2CO3 additives accelerated the growth rate of the TiO2 nanotubes with the quickest growth rate 1100 nm/min when n(NH4F) : n(Na2CO3) = 2:1. Finally, we investigated the mechanism of the Na2CO3 additives accelerating the growth rate of the TiO2 nanotubes. It was believed that the hydrolyzation of the Na2CO3 additives in the electrolytes accelerated the formation of the TiO2 nanotubes and at the same time restrained the chemical dissolution of the formed TiO2 nanotubes.


We report two rare cases of iatrogenic foreign bodies(inlay)in the upper lip and tongue induced during dental treatment. Case 1: A 48-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of metal inlay impaction into the upper lip. The inlay could be touched from the oral side and was surgically removed without complications. Case 2: A 68year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of a suspected foreign body in the mandible. An occlusal radiograph revealed a foreign body in the tongue. Inflammation was not present at the site of foreign body impaction. The foreign body was surgically removed without complications and was found to be inlay.


ZnS nanoparticles was synthesized using zinc acetate and sodium sulfide as starting materials in water solution.The morphology and crystal phase of nano-ZnS were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and powder X-ray diffraction(XRD).The interaction of nanoparticles and bovine serum albumin(BSA) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy in pH 7.0 Tris-HCl buffer.The result showed that the interaction between BSA and ZnS nanoparticles could resulted in the endogenous fluorescence quenching of BSA,which belonged to a static quenching mechanism.The quenching rate constant was 1.88×1014 L·mol-1·s-1,the binding constant(Ka) and binding site(n) were 1.73×105 L·mol-1 and 0.83,respectively.


Objective:To analyze the etiology,clinical features and treatment of the erythema nodosum(EN).Methods: A total of 117 patients with a diagnosis of EN between 1993 and 2007 in our hospital were included in the study retrospectively.Results: It affected mainly middle-aged people,and the propotion of men and women was 1∶1.5.The foremost aetiology was streptococcal infection(30.77%) followed in decreasing order by tuberculosis infection(25.64%),unknown causes(21.37%),rheumatic and immunologic diseases(16.24%),suspect tuberculosis infection(5.13%),lymphoma(0.85%).The outcomes were usually favourable.Conclusion: EN is a multiple-factor diease,closely involved with infection,and the common infections are caused by streptococcal bacterium and tubercle bacillus.The other factors included rheumatic immunologic diseases and malignant tumors.Etiology and heteropathy treatment are very importent.


The paper presents the pioneering urban development based on garden city movement in the city of Sao Paulo. Started with the history of the introduction of this model by Cia. City it aim is to discuss the difficulties of preserving that urban trait, recognized as an important reference, but located in a in a dynamic metropolis and the residence of people with ever-changing habits.


Introduces the design thought, hardware facture and software programming of the intelligent robot based on MSP430, which can search labyrinth one by one and put out the fire. The hardware adopts tracklayer and industry photoelectric sensor, so that the robot can climb slope and never run into a blank wall. The software adopts the method of left and right hands and the method of quitting house, and a new method called "half entering house" based on the method of quitting house, as a result, the efficiency of searching fire can be improved greatly. It is proved that the method of designing is stable and practicable through attending the competition of fire-fighting robot.


A strategy for the second generation breeding program for Pinus merkusii is developed to provide
maximum genetic gain in the short term as well as to provide continued improvement in the long term.
while maintaining a broad genetic diversity. Nucleus breeding strategy is adopted. The first generation
breeding populations are split into a two-tier structure: main population and nucleus or elite population. The
main population is subdivided further into six sublines primarily to provide for long-term genetic gain.
while elite population is managed to provide for short-term genetic gain. Elite population consists of 60
individuals ITom the best ranks in each subline, while each subline comprises 48 selections. Further the
main population is divided into three strata according to genetic value. More emphasis for breeding and
progeny testing will be given to the higher strata, while those ofthe lower stratum will be used to provide
a broad genetic base and infusion materials for higher strata. A complementary mating design is used:
polymix mating for assessing breeding values in the breeding population, and single pair mating for
making forward selection. Infusion material from natural population is also undertaken to provide further
a broader genetic diversity: it functions as ex situ conservation as well.


This study was about the surface modification of PP separator by introducing crosslinked divinylbenzene(DVB) /methyl acrylate(MA) to increase its thermal dimensional stability.The total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FT-IR) was used to prove that the copolymerization of DVB and MA did occur on the surface.The influences of reaction time,reaction temperature,concentration of initiator on the grafting ratio and thermal properties of PP separator were explored.Furthermore,KH570 was introduced onto the surface by the copolymerization of DVB and KH570 double bonds,by which the SiO2 particles were also introduced.The pore structure was observed by SEM.The thermal shrinkage of modified separator reduced a lot than before.The shrinkage at 130 ℃ reduced from 12% to 4% in4 h.


The hydrodynamics of liquid-liquid slug flow have been studied for several organic components in water, in vertical tubes of diameters between 4.08 and 18.99 mm. Under conditions such that the slug flow is laminar and stable, mass transfer of sparingly soluble organic components (n-butanol, n-pentanol and methyl i-butyl ketone) to water has been measured by observing the shrinkage rates of slugs. The observations are compared with predictions based upon the Higbie penetration model and the calculated velocity profile due to slug flow. It is concluded that the slug flow technique could be useful in studying the rates of reaction-accompanied extraction.


This article investigates the structural stability and sensitivity properties of the confined turbulent wake behind an elongated D-shaped cylinder of aspect-ratio 10 at Re = 32 000. The stability analysis is performed by linearising the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations around the numerically computed and the experimentally measured mean flows. We found that the vortex-shedding frequency is very well captured by the leading unstable global mode, especially when the additional turbulent diffusion is modelled in the stability equations by means of a frozen eddy-viscosity approach. The sensitivity maps derived from the computed and the measured mean flows are then compared, showing a good qualitative agreement. The careful inspection of their spatial structure highlights that the highest sensitivity is attained not only across the recirculation bubble but also at the body blunt-edge, where tiny pockets of maximum receptivity are found. The impact of the turbulent diffusion on the obtained results is investigated. Finally, we show how the knowledge of the unstable adjoint global mode of the linearised mean-flow dynamics can be exploited to design an active feedback control of the unsteady turbulent wake, which leads, under the adopted numerical framework, to completely suppress its low-frequency oscillation.


Custom boat building in New Zealand is a globally competing industry comprising a densely interconnected community of small and medium-sized enterprises. Innovation in product and production processes is an essential feature in the industry's success. This article investigates innovation and interdependencies in the New Zealand boat-building industry and explores the notion that it is an example of an innovative regional milieu. The study includes a benchmark survey of the industry completed in 1998, which evaluates the sources of information and innovation, as well as a series of intensive interviews with leading firms to ascertain the characteristics of innovation. The peculiar cultural and social factors of New Zealand - and especially of Auckland, where the industry is spatially clustered - are found to have been significant in the growth of the industry. Furthermore, the contemporary prominence of sports and recreational boating has facilitated the industry's recent growth and exporting. Copyright Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2001.


Infertility is not an issue which has received serious attention in India until recently, either as a public health issue or as a matter of community concern. Characterised as a high fertility country, Indian population and health policy and programmes have predominantly focussed on fertility control and contraception. This is despite the fact that a high percentage of women in particular suffer from untreated reproductive tract and sexually transmitted infections which underlie conditions of secondary sterility. Over 13-15 million couples (or 10-15 % of the population) were estimated as being infertile in India in 2005 (ICMR National Guidelines, 2005), and approximately 98% of the women suffer from secondary sterility (Qadeer 2009, Oomen 2001). In Rajasthan in north-western India, poor reproductive health conditions are compounded by the poor quality of healthcare provision as well as poverty, malnutrition and poor availability of water.


Anisotropic conductive films (ACFs) consist of conducting particles and adhesive resins, and have been widely used for packaging technologies in flat panel displays (FPDs) such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and plasma display panels (PDPs). Various packaging technologies such as film on glass (FOG), chip on flex (COF) and Chip on glass (COG) using ACFs have been currently carried out by using a hot plate as a heat source for cure. But this method is difficult to meet the requirement of fine pitch capability and to make the flat panel displays smaller, lighter and thinner because of inhomogeneous thermal distribution of hot plate and thermal expansion of a film. New ACF bonding processes by making use of high power diode laser have been proposed and investigated experimentally. Laser ACF bonding is worthy of attention because of a considerable reduction of the total process time due to the rapid reach of curing temperature. Laser ACF bonding also eliminates problem associated with a deterioration of contact reliability due to the thermal expansion caused by the hot plate surface, when temperature is rising


Environmental pollution has created increased concern for the role of trace elements (TEs) and/or toxic constituents in biological and environmental processes. This has resulted in efforts to evaluate not only the relative concentrations in all samples that are the objects of study but also to investigate their metabolic interactions with living organisms. Consequently, in the case of TE-related studies, two main lines of research can be considered of fundamental importance: (a) TE analyses, which must give, as accurately as possible, information on the total concentrations as well as on the chemical forms and the oxidation state; (b) TE biochemical investigations to better understand the mechanisms and the biointeractions in humans and to assess the subsequent possible toxic effects. This report discusses aspects of radiotracers to biological materials and quality assurance of neutron activation analysis.


A method for producing dissolving pulp compact in prehydrolysis kraft cooking process for the present invention relates. To avoid clogging problems resin extraction screen, and obtains the apparent end prehydrolysis stage (distinct? Ending) and a base uniformly impregnated kraft cooking stage before the base is added to the pre-material mixture so that the hydrolysis product was neutralized acidic hydrolysis the residual alkali concentration higher than 20 g / l NaOH in an effective base gauge the extent and the temperature of the temperature prehydrolysis stage resulting alkaline treatment liquid for pre-hydrolysis of the material as compared to at least 10%. The base charge to avoid redeposition of the dissolved hemicellulose in prehydrolysis stage, the timber and the mixture was suddenly switch to basic conditions, basic conditions conducive to the base impregnated at reduced temperature before the final stage of kraft cooking phase, the main portion of the impregnation stage of the hemicellulose content of the cellulosic material is extracted.


The Canadian Embassy in Tokyo by Toronto's Moriyama & Teshima is the representation of a metatemporal continuum. Raymond Moriyama, partner-in-charge of the project, conceived of the privately financed building as an intricate tableau of determined absolutes that equally serve him and his patron, the Canadian federal government. This thesis is a theoretical study exploring three selected spaces from the Embassy which are analysed as architectural moments. The exterior envelope, the median fourth floor, and the theatre space are established as produced by and producers of metamorphosis, entropy, and seduction. The emphasis of the materialist discussion is placed on the conservative socio-political catalysts which arbitrate the practice of architecture in the context of a global capitalism bent on privileging governmental and corporate mercantile interests.


This study was supported by Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic 17-28265A

 Management of asymptomatic patients with chronic severe aortic regurgitation (AR) is challenging. Reliable quantification of the AR severity is essential. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a primary imaging modality. Grading of AR severity is achieved by an integrative approach. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can directly quantify AR severity by measuring regurgitation volume (RV) and regurgitation fraction (RF).

 There are few data on direct comparison between TTE and CMR for quantification of AR. Our study aimed to compare quantitative and indirect echo-Doppler indices to quantitative MRI derived parameters in asymptomatic patients with severe chronic AR.

 In a prospective three-centre study, we evaluated patients with moderate to severe (3+) and severe (4+) chronic AR using TTE and CMR. All patients were asymptomatic, without indication for surgical treatment. The severity of AR was graded using TTE multiparametric approach. A 2-D and 3-D TTE were performed with an assessment of left ventricle size and function, valve morphology, Doppler parameters of AR including vena contracta width, diastolic flow reversal velocity in descending aorta, RV, RF using volumetric method, 3D-vena contracta area (3D-VCA). The CMR quantified left ventricle volumes and function, RF and RV using the phase-contrast velocity mapping. All imaging studies were analysed in CoreLab.

 A total of 104 patients were enrolled during 2015-2018. Mean patient age was 44 ± 13 years, 89 patients (86%) were males and 83 patients (81%) had a bicuspid or unicuspid aortic valve. Using the TTE severe (4+) AR was present in 48 (46%) and moderate to severe (3+) AR in 56 (54%) individuals. Concordant grading of AR severity with both techniques was observed in 77 (74%) patients. An integrative TTE approach showed a trend to underestimate AR severity.
 The best correlation between echo-Doppler indices and CMR measured RV and RF was found in two parameters: diastolic flow reversal velocity in descending aorta ( Rs = 0,62, p < 0,0001 for RV, Rs = 0,50, p < 0,0001 for RF) and 3D-VCA (Rs = 0,48 for RV, p < 0,0001 , Rs = 0,38 for RF, p < 0,0001). On the contrary vena contracta width showed poor correlation with CMR (Rs = 0,18, p = 0,07 for RV and Rs = 0,11, p = 0,29 for RF).
 Correlation between quantitative parameters of AR assessed by TTE volumetric method and CMR technique was modest (Rs = 0,40 for RF and Rs = 0,50 for RV, p < 0,0001), 95% confidence intervals were wide. Good correlation between TTE and CMR were found for LV dimensions, volumes and ejection fraction.

 Out of indirect Doppler-echo indices of AR severity, diastolic flow reversal velocity in descending aorta and 3D-vena contracta area showed the best correlation with MRI derived RF and RV in patients with chronic severe AR. Quantitative parameters of AR (RF and RV) assessed by echo volumetric method had an only modest correlation to RF and RV measured using CMR.


Peripheral vascular failure with haematological and haemodynamic changes occurs after frostbite injuries. In order to study the effects of normovolemic haemodilution on the extent of digital necrosis, the paws of rabbits were haemodiluted and frozen to −15°C. Dextran or gelatin was used as the plasma substitute in two groups and the rewarming after the cold injury was performed either at room temperature (22°C) or with hot water baths (38°C). The extent of necrosis was significantly less in the rabbits haemodiluted with dextran or gelatin and rewarmed in hot water baths.


We present a physical model to capture the effect of grain boundaries (GBs) on the threshold voltage (Vth) variations in polysilicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) considering the number, the position, and the orientation of GBs. The proposed model is extensively verified with 3-D drift-diffusion device simulator and experimental data. Using the proposed model, the impact of GBs on variability of transistor threshold voltage (Vth) and circuit performance is discussed for different grain sizes, device sizes, source-drain voltages and crystallization methods (such as sequential lateral solidification, SLS). Keywords-Poly-Si, GB-induced variations, grain boundary, threshold voltage variation, physical model


With the rapid development of multimedia technology, the comprehensive materials multimedia has become the development trend of college classroom. This paper starts from the analysis on the difficult points of college English classroom, takes the college non-major classroom as the research subject, compares the traditional teaching with comprehensive materials multimedia and makes empirical research, and then purposes the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of comprehensive materials multimedia English classroom at this college.


Abstract: The Blockchain ecosystem provides a space for developers and investors alike. Every few years we notice a certain type of project that catches the eyes of investors that disrupts the whole ecosystem, seeming to provide the most value/ returns in the eyes of the investors. Oftentimes, as history has proven these projects are nothing but a mirage formed by complex mechanisms that prove no utility/ work in a way that seems valuable at first but is an implementation of something very simple once understood. Decentralized Autonomous Organizations are a recent ecosphere of projects that took over the industry- built over possibly every layer 1 and layer 2 blockchain. This is a study on why the working of the DAOs was fundamentally flawed and the catalysts that caused projects on such a large scale to fail.


Research aims to analyze the effect of debt and differences in government regimes on economic growth. and poverty in Indonesia, (1940-2017). The study uses secondary data obtained from Bank Indonesia, National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the World Bank, and other reference sources such as books, journals and scientific papers. The data used are the value of foreign debt, national income (GDP), population, number and ratio of the poor population, inflation rate in the period 1949 - 2021. The results of multiple regression analysis show: Foreign debt has a correlation with national economic conditions, especially the GDP and poverty. Debt tends to increase GDP and reduce poverty. In terms of debt a driver of the economy and poverty, the Soeharto Era and Habibie's Era tend to be different and better than the Soekarno Era. While Era Abdurrahman Wahid's debt management, Megawati Era, SBY Era and Jokowi's Era were no different or no better than Sukarno's Era. Although nationally can increase GDP and reduce poverty, debt cannot improve people's welfare. Foreign debt even tends to reduce the level of welfare of the people. This applies to all government regimes.
 Keywords: Debt, Development, GDP,Indonesia, Poverty


Abstract Three treatments were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing the mortality of hatchery-produced fry of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from coagulated yolk disease (CYD). The treatments consisted of (1) incubation of eggs and alevins in untreated (unfiltered, ambient temperature) water, (2) incubation of eggs and alevins in water supplemented with CaCl to increase total hardness, and (3) incubation of eyed eggs and rearing of alevins on plastic substrates. Mortality was significantly greater in the untreated water treatment than in the control (filtered and chilled water) overall (43.1% versus 24.7%) and for all life stages: Green egg (24.0% versus 19.3%), eyed egg (8.9% versus 4.5%), alevin (2.5% versus 0.3%), and fry (15.7% versus 2.0%). The pattern of mortality in untreated water during the fry life stage was similar to that reported in the literature for CYD-infected fish. Mortality during the green egg life stage of fish treated with CaCl was significantly greater than in the ...


In this study the effects of concentration of SrCl 2,duration time of exposure to SrCl 2 and oocyte age on the parthenogenetic activation of mouse oocytes were studied.In the experiment 1,the concentration of SrCl 2 on the parthenogenetic activation of mouse oocytes were studied.Mouse(Kunming) oocytes collected at post hCG injection 18 h were treated in 1 6,5 0,10 and 20 mmol/L SrCl 2 CZB for 10 min respectively,the activation rates(pronuclei rates) were not different significantly between every two groups.The 2 cell and 4 cell rates(59 26%,20 37%;63 79%,20 69%) in 10 and 20 mmol/L groups were higher significantly than those(29 63%,9 26%;47 06%,7 84%) in 1 6 and 5 0 mmol/L groups.Only minority(3 45%) in 20 mmol/L group reached morula stage.The activation rates of oocytes treated with 10 or 20 mmol/L SrCl 2 for 20 min were not different significantly,so did for 40 and 60 min treated groups.The morula and blastocyst rates(64 44%,22 22%) in the group that oocytes were treated with 20 mmol/L SrCl 2 for 40 min were higher significantly than those(30 36%,11 61%) with 10 mmol/L;but when the duration time prolong to 60 min,the morula and blastocyst rates(84 68%,46 77%) in the 10 mmol/L group were higher significantly than those(67 46%,28 57%) of 20 mmol/L group.In experiment 2,the effects of duration time of exposure to SrCl 2 on the parthenogenetic activation of mouse oocytes were studied.The activation rates and 2 cell rates were not different significantly for the oocytes treated with 10 mmol/L SrCl 2 for 20,40,60,180 and 360 min;the blastocyst rates(49 58% vs 47 95%) in 60 min group and 180 min group(treated in 10 mmol/L SrCl 2) were not different significantly,both were higher significantly than those(4 5%,12 24% and 35 53%) in 20,40 and 360 min group,the three latter differed significantly between every two groups.In experiment 3,the effect of oocyte age on oocyte parthenogenetic activation was studied.The activation rate(77 78%) of oocytes collected 16 h post hCG injection (treated with 10 mmol/L SrCl 2 for 60 min) was higher significantly than that(29 63%) of oocytes collected 14 h post hCG injection,and the activation rate(94 19%) of oocytes collected 18 h post hCG injection was higher significantly than that of oocytes collected at hCG 16 h. The blastocyst rates(6 71%,27 78%,47 67%) of oocytes collected at hCG 14,16,18 were different significantly between every two groups,the blastocyst rate(39 74%) of hCG 20 h was lower significantly than that of hCG 18 h.


Abstract Asteroseismology has the capability of precisely determining stellar properties that would otherwise be inaccessible, such as radii, masses, and thus ages of field stars. When coupling this information with classical determinations of stellar parameters, such as metallicities, effective temperatures, and angular diameters, powerful new diagnostics for Galactic studies can be obtained. An overview of the ongoing Strömgren survey for Asteroseismology and Galactic Archaeology (SAGA) is presented, along with recent results using asteroseismology to investigate the vertical age structure of the Milky Way disc.


The existence of various non-integrated information systems in Contact Centers, such as the personnel tool for payroll payments, the planning tool or the data repository of the telephony server, is very common. Their integration, in order to compile a Balanced Scorecard, is usually done through spreadsheets manually with the consequent increase in errors and associated times. In this business, characterized by the massive use of data display screens, it is mandatory to perform visual breaks and other kind of breaks. Thus, considering the high volume of personnel and the existence of multiple groups of differentiated attention (skills), the allocation of visual breaks and others breaks is usually perceived as a demanding process in time, monotonous and of little added value. That is why the purpose of this final degree project is to transform this interpretation by that of a differentiating element by automating its allocation in an optimal way with respect to the expected call curve. For these purposes, considering the widespread use of office tools, the development of the aforementioned functionality in that environment is proposed through the use of agile methodologies. As a result, the greater adequacy of the volume of personnel on the platform with respect to that needed to handle incoming calls will result in a greater achievement of the service levels of targeted services.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an outstanding tool for the identification and characterization of mesenteric masses. Mesenteric masses may be solid or cystic. Most solid mesenteric masses are neoplastic, with sclerosing mesenteritis a notable exception. Entirely cystic mesenteric masses are typically benign. The excellent soft‐tissue contrast afforded by MRI aids in narrowing the differential diagnosis of mesenteric masses. Accurately characterizing both solid and cystic mesenteric masses is important, as management ranges from active surveillance to medical management to surgical resection, depending on the tissue composition of the mass. An MRI‐based approach to the differential diagnosis of mesenteric masses is presented. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:753–769. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Surpassing Philosophical Antagonism? A Critique of Tom Eyers's Post-RationalismTom Eyers, Post-Rationalism: Psychoanalysis, Epistemology, and Marxism in Post-War France (London: Bloomsbury, 2013), 217pp.Beginning to delve into a philosophical area with which one is not acquainted can often seem like stumbling upon familiar ideas: for instance, upon crossing the continental-analytic divide, one might, at first, notice similarities between Donald Davidson and Jacques Derrida. Of course there are some similarities, and some of the same issues are addressed by each thinker; however, upon initiating oneself into the orthodox philosophical discourse, fissures become apparent and before long it appears difficult to assert any similarity whatsoever. It would be easy, for example, to assert that existentialism is prima facie a twentieth-century rearticulation of Stoic truths. Indeed, it would not be too convoluted to mount a fairly sophisticated argument in support of this. That is until one becomes familiar enough with the context in which existentialism arose: phenomenology. It would subsequently become clear that existentialism and Stoicism arose out of such different Weltanschauungen that it requires a certain amount of philosophical acrobatics to even begin to speak of them in terms of common themes. It is under these very conditions that we are all initiated into the disjointed philosophical discourse we all rely on. To understand collective philosophical discourses as a patchwork of partisan factions-such as structuralism and poststructuralism, or realist and anti-realist-is so fundamental to the perpetuation and development of philosophy that the implicit core lesson of philosophical training is often merely to conceive of all philosophical thought in the most disparate and antagonistic form possible. The pertinent question in acknowledging this situation is: does philosophy gain something by speaking about its collective ideas in such absolute terms? Or rather, does dismissing philosophies-such as structuralism, as progenitors of subsequent improvements, such as poststructuralism-really serve the collective project of philosophy? Tom Eyers would think not, at least in the instance of structuralism.Post-Rationalism is an ambitious attempt to elucidate such thematic similarities between post-war French philosophies. In particular, Eyers theorises that the saturation of "post-rationalist" tendencies unite much of twentieth century continental philosophy and that such a permeation is key to understanding much of the philosophical developments since the decline of existentialism and phenomenology. Post-Rationalism takes the quintessential example of post-Lacanian and -Althusserian discourses as its principle focus. Eyers aims to explicate how the seemingly disparate concerns of Marxism and psychoanalysis merged in high-structuralism in accordance with the post-rationalist tendencies initiated by its precedent philosophy of science. This monograph reads such texts as the Cahiers pour l'Analyse-amongst other related texts written by Louis Althusser's students-in an attempt to show how post-Althusserian Marxism and post-Lacanian psychoanalysis were particularly predisposed to synergy due to a shared and implicit inheritance of 'post-rationalist' thinking. More ambitiously, though, Post-Rationalism intends "to show that stark lines of distinction between rival intellectual projects in post-war France, while no doubt a good incentive to intellectual production, are often rather more permeable than is frequently assumed."1 This is to say that Post-Rationalism has a more generalised aim of reading beyond the Cahiers pour l'Analyse towards the majority of post-war French philosophy with a view to establishing the presence of a ubiquitous tendency towards "post-rationalist" thinking. In other words, Eyers wants to show that orthodox philosophical categories-such as continental and analytic, Marxist and psychoanalytic, and structuralist and poststructuralist-are far more permeable that have hitherto been considered. …


This note investigates the control design problem of a permanent-magnet eddy-current coupler (PEC) speed control system. To address this, the PEC speed control system is modeled as a fully-actuated system through electrical and kinematic equations. Considering the situation that the system state quantities are not directly accessible, an observer-based controller is developed using the separate design of the observer and state feedback. Meanwhile, a parametric method is adopted to calculate the gain matrix that allows the closed-loop control system to ensure stability while converging at a desired speed. Finally, the obtained results are effectively applied in a PEC speed control system example.


Chemical and isotopic compositions of organics in astrophysical environments are important information not only to under-stand their origins and evolution, but one of key topics to discuss the origin and evolution of the solar system. This study focuses on the early step of the chemical evolution in interstellar molecular clouds, from primitive gaseous molecules to ice with organics, which is thought to be one of the precursors of extraterrestrial organic matter in the solar system. Photochemical synthesis experiments were conducted using a high vacuum chamber "Photochemistry in Interstellar Cloud for Astro-Chronicle in Hokkaido University" (PICACHU). In the chamber, a gold substrate (30 x 40mm) was set and cooled down to about 15K. Gaseous mixtures, prepared in a dedicated line, were admitted onto the surface of the substrate where they condensed forming ice samples. During the deposition the ice on the substrate was simultaneously irradiated UV light emitted from a deu-terium lamp. After the photochemical process, the ice sample was warmed-up to room temperature, leading to form refractory organic residue that remained on the surface of the substrate. Then the substrate was both O and N. On the other hand, those without hetero elements (O and N) were minor. The distribution of m/z values of the mass spectra and their corresponding stoichiometric formula were different for each sample. That is due to both the composition of gaseous mixture, especially the existence of CO, and the duration time of UV irradiation.


Perceptions of barriers and support to mental health help-seeking among undergraduates in Nigeria: A qualitative study Utek Grace ISHAKU and Mariko MATSUMOTO The problem of untreated mental disorders is serious and appears to be worsening in university student populations, especially in developing countries. Although resources are considerably scarce in low-income societies, there appear to be other challenges to mental health help-seeking on university campuses. The present study employed face-to-face semi-structured interviews to explore the array of factors that impede and promote help-seeking behavior among university students in Nigeria. The participants were 16 mentally distressed students at a public university in the central region of Nigeria. The interview schedule addressed the key study variables as well as the students' perceptions of their current mental state, treatment need, and intentions to seek help. The collated data revealed that all the participants were either moderately or severely mentally distressed. Even though the majority of the students (94%) were willing to seek help for a mental disorder, only 50% indicated that they currently need help for their mental distress. Of the latter, only about 13% had initiated actual attempts to seek professional guidance. Qualitative content analysis of the interview transcripts highlighted three major barriers to help-seeking, namely: individual factors, confidentiality issues, and institutional inadequacies. Similarly, three sets of support were relevant for facilitating help-seeking including intrapersonal support, interpersonal support and institutional support. Interpreting these findings in accordance with the ecological systems theory suggested that the barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking are multifaceted and encompass individual, social and institutional domains. Interventions targeting the micro and macro level barriers in university and support for students' help-seeking needs through a top-down strategy which prioritizes the provision of better mental health infrastructure, adequate number of professionals, effective mental health policies, and gatekeeper training for members of the university community are potentially beneficial for improving treatment rates among students in developing countries.