Animal husbandry and dairy development generate gainful employment in the rural India. There is a huge gap between the information available and information utilization between stakeholders involved in this area. By taking steps to make better health care, proper insemination technique and information management of cattle may increase milk production. It also improves the breed quality and production. This paper proposes the innovative ways of intervention of information and communication technology to bridge the gap between stakeholders involved in this area. That is a collaborative approach to manage cattle health care related services to the cattle owners based on web services and Services Oriented Architecture (SOA) approach. This paper provides methodology and concept of the technical solutions proposed and planned to overcome the cattle owner and stakeholders' difficulties. So that animal husbandry becomes an encouraging and lucrative business opportunities for young rural people to start their own ventures in their village.


In this work, cobalt nanowires with a preferred growth orientation have been fabricated by a pulse electrodeposition method. The imaginary part of the permeability spectra for the nanowire/para-n composite samples exhibit a strong absorption peak at 6.1GHz and two minor peaks at above 10GHz. It is determined that the peak at 6.1GHz is attributed to the natural resonance mechanism and the other two peaks are caused by eddy current efiect. We have fltted the permeability spectra attributed to natural resonance using the LLG equation. Calculation based on the Kittel equation substantiates our explanation. The electromagnetic wave re∞ection loss values of the nanowire/para-n composite indicate that cobalt nanowires composites can be used for microwave absorption.


This article considers the robust optimal control problem for a class of nonlinear systems in the presence of unmodeled dynamics. An adaptive optimal controller is designed using the online actor–critic learning and is robustified against unmodeled dynamics. To deal with unmodeled dynamics, an auxiliary signal with the system state as its input signal is designed to capture the input-to-state stability. In addition to the critic network for value function approximation, a novel robustifying term is developed and introduced into the actor network to ensure robustness during the learning process. It is shown that both the actor and the critic weights learning converge to their optimal values while guaranteeing the boundedness of all the signals in the closed loop. Simulation examples are conducted to verify the efficacy of the presented scheme.


This paper discusses the method and use of technology from function of teaching and technology in modern distance education,and the research in constructing of real time multi_medium distance education system.


Objective: To investigate the inhibition of garlic oil to cervical cancer Hela cells in vitro and its sensitive effect on Hela cells to cisplatin, and to search for a perfect way in the treatment of cervical carcinoma with medicine. Methods: Hela cells cultured in vitro were treated with garlic oil only, Cisplatin only, garlic oil combined Cisplatin as long as 48 hours, and then were detected the inhibition of cells by MTT. Results: When the concentrations of garlic oil were 12.5 mg/L, 25mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 100 mg/L, the inhibition rate of the growth of Hela cells was 23.82%, 37.21%, 52.25%, and 67.69%, respectively, which there was significantly difference when compared with those of controls( P 0.01). On the concentration of 0.5mg/L, 1.0mg/L, and 2.0mg/L Cisplatin, the inhibition rate were 38.13%, 46.16%, and 60.38%, respectively. When combined with Cisplatin, the inhibition rate of garlic oil increased to 42.50%, 55.38%, 66.98%, and 78.31%, separatively, much higher than only garlic oil or Cisplatin used( P 0.01).Conclusions: Garlic oil can inhibits the growth of Hela cells as well as increase the sensitivity of Hela cells to Cisplatin.


A novel haptic sensor probe, consists of 64 piezoelectric devices, PZT, is capable of clearly sensing the differences in degrees of hardness and/or softness of different objects. The haptic sensor probe is designed to detect and quantify the real time physical characteristic, for example, the hardness and/or softness of an object, in a simple way, like the human hand. To date, conventional tactile sensor, containing a strain gauge, conductive elastomer and piezoelectric polymer film, confined solely to data acquisition relating to pressure or force. However, using the new sensor probe proposed here, we can make a haptic visualization.


Quantum control of photochemistry exploits molecular interferences by adjusting the phases of multiple quantum pathways to different product channels via adapted excitation light. Experiments implement a learning loop in which molecular feedback iteratively refines the excitation pulse until an optimum solution directs the photoreaction towards a desired channel [1]. So far, feedback control has been absent from the world of biology. Furthermore, only few examples have proven explicitly the role of molecular coherence. Here we report feedback-optimised coherent control of biological function, namely regulation of the energy flow pathways in the 125 kDa light-harvesting antenna complex LH2 from Rhodospeudomonas acidophila, a photosynthetic purple bacterium.


Murder is a common law crime that courts interpret differently throughout the United States. Much of the disparity stems from what it means to kill with "malice aforethought." Without one accepted definition, legislatures have introduced various degrees of murder with different levels of punishment. Reformers have also attempted to define more carefully the appropriate mens rea for murder, while allowing for enhanced punishment based on aggravating factors.

Keywords:

actus reus;
causation;
cause in fact;
malice aforethought;
manslaughter;
mens rea;
murder;
omissions;
proximate cause


The ion generating device 30 is equipped with a discharge electrode 2 and induction electrode (1). The discharge electrode 2, and has a distal end portion of the needle-like. Induction electrode 1 has a through-hole (1a) of the circle. The leading end of discharge electrode 2 protrudes above the upper surface (1c) of the induction electrode 1 through the through-hole (1a) of the induction electrode (1). This can be obtained that can improve the emission efficiency of the ion ion generating apparatus and the ion generating device.


Most pavement design and analysis procedures predict performance on the basis of expected pavement damage under traffic loads expected during design life. Some failure criteria are primarily dependent on wheel loads and almost independent of contact stresses. Others are primarily dependent on normal and shear stresses, not on load magnitude. Wheel load is used as a proxy for tire pressure to account for the effect of contact stresses indirectly. In most pavement design methods, tire–pavement contact stress is assumed to be equal to tire inflation pressure and to be uniformly distributed over a circular area. A methodology that explicitly accounts for the effect of tire inflation pressures and the corresponding contact stresses on pavement response is not available. In this research, pavement responses of typical pavement structures under the combined actions of variable wheel loads and tire pressures were evaluated. A multilayer, linear–elastic computer program was used to estimate three critical pavement responses: longitudinal and transverse tensile strains in asphalt and compressive strains in the subgrade. The differences of the strains estimated by the two models were statistically analyzed to quantify the effect of the assumption of uniform stress over a circular shape. The traditional model proved to be reliable to estimate compressive strains in the subgrade layer. The tensile strains in the asphalt layer under actual contact stress, however, were quite different from those under uniform constant stress. Contrary to initial expectation, for the general case, the assumption of uniform stresses is a conservative approach.


The chemical shift of an aromatic proton adjacent to a nitro group is sensitive to the degree of coplanarity between the nitro group and the aromatic ring, and variations in the chemical shift have been used to examine the configurations of N-methyl and NN-dimethylanilines bearing o-nitro substituents.


This research explores the impact of the evaluation of a range of benefits on WOM. Utilizing longitudinal data collected from an upscale health and fitness resort/spa, we examined, among satisfied consumers, how perceptions of benefit performance influenced how much negative versus positive WOM and the strength of negative and positive WOM the consumer engaged in after their resort stay. We also looked at whether men and women vary in their WOM activity.  From our analysis we determined that consumers with low levels of symbolic benefit performance engaged in stronger negative WOM despite high reported levels of satisfaction.  In contrast, hedonic benefit performance was the best predictor of strong positive WOM.


Quantitative nondestructive evaluation of defects is particularly important to ensure the reliability and safety of structures. The pulse-echo method is one of the most widely used ultrasonic techniques for evaluation of structural integrity. In this study, ultrasonic signals were used to evaluate parameters related to attenuation and amplitude variation in adhesively bonded joints. Ultrasonic characteristics were measured in double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens under stress with mode I fracture. The FFT was used to determine bond-layer parameters such as effective thickness and frequency spectrum. A control experiment confirmed that the variation of frequency spectrum in the adhesive joints depends on the transition of stress variation. Furthermore, the adhesively bonded joint strength for DCB specimens was evaluated by the parameters of ultrasonic waves and the J-integral. The results reveal that the frequency analysis of ultrasonic waveform can be utilized as a tool for a nondestructive evaluation of adhesively bonded joints. Introduction The nondestructive evaluation method is commonly used to diagnose the safety of structures, since the object of inspection incurs no damage. The ultrasonic technique is widely favored because of its easy-to-handle convenience and high compatibility for field application. Recently, much research has been carried out utilizing ultrasonic techniques to diagnose the reliability of adhesively bonded joints. The current state-of-the-art method for defect detection in the adhesively bonded joints is pulse-echo transmission technology [1]. In the study of diffusion-bonded, defected mild steel plates, Kato et al. [2] obtained a correlation of the bonding strength and bonding condition by using ultrasonic wave reflected from adhesive surface. In their other study, the effects of material thickness on frequency characteristics of ultrasonic waveform were also reported [3]. Recent efforts have been directed toward strength evaluation of adhesively bonded joints by means of ultrasonic waveform analysis reflected on bonded interfaces. Yamada [4] calculated the J-integral as a fracture parameter for the bonded double cantilever type specimen. Song [5] analyzed frequency waveforms of the composite materials upon the transmission characteristics of the elastic wave. Kim et al. [6] considered the couplant effects on pulse-echo ultrasonic testing. It was found that the first back-wall echo and the apparent attenuation coefficient increased with acoustic impedance of the couplant. Using ultrasonic attenuation coefficients and velocity variation, the ultrasonic wave detection on the single lap bonded joint and the strength evaluation of adhesively bonded joints were performed by our research group [1]. DCB specimens were prepared using Al6061-T6, a common structural material used on automobiles and aircraft, and Cemedine 1500 as an adhesive. Quasi-static load was applied to the specimens. To analyze the correlation among fracture mechanics parameters the ultrasonic signals upon the load were acquired by means of the waveform analysis of the DCB specimen with mode I deformation. Key Engineering Materials Online: 2004-08-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 270-273, pp 1833-1838 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.270-273.1833 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,17:38:14) Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) Theory Ripling and Mostovoy [7] determined GIc for the DCB joint with an adhesive layer shown in Fig. 1, considering bending and shear deflections of the cantilever part as follows:       + = h h a Eb P G c Ic 1 3 4


An optimal control problem with two boundary problems of finite convex optimization is considered. Dynamics of the controlled process is described by linear differential equations. We propose an iterative extragradient-type process, formulated in the functional subspace of piecewise differentiable trajectories. The convergence in controls and trajectories has been proved.


Freeze-dried preparations of actomyosin from chicken breast muscle were irradiated in liquid nitrogen with gamma radiation from a ce-sium-137 source at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50 kGy. The ESR spectra at – 130°C were recorded with an EPR spectrometer. Signal intensities increased linearly with radiation. Analysis of data indicated a ten-fold rise in dose resulted in an almost seven-fold increase in number of free radicals generated. Determining the extent of such interaction on a major structural protein can help assess type and extent of reactions which might occur on irradiation of animal products.


This letter addresses the time-of-arrival based localization problem when the source and sensors are not synchronized, whereby an unknown transmission time is introduced. A non-convex weighted least squares (WLS) minimization problem is first formulated to jointly estimate the source position and the unknown transmission time by transforming the measurement model, and then semidefinite relaxation is applied to relax the WLS problem as a convex semidefinite program (SDP). The relaxed SDP problem is always tight and thus the optimal solution of the WLS problem can always be obtained. The proposed method is then extended to the moving source localization scenario, where the source velocity is assumed to be a constant for a sufficiently small observation period. Simulation results show that the proposed method is able to reach the Cramer-Rao lower bound accuracy when the noise is not very large.


The systematic production of usable flakes is often presented by lithic technologists as a rigid set of strategies or procedures to be followed in a step-by-step fashion. The quintessential example is the chaîne opératoire, developed by the French in the 1980s and widely applied today. An alternate view is that lithic reduction is a fluid behavioral set conditioned by an intimate familiarity with techniques and materials and tempered by environmental and situational circumstances. In an effort to address the 'how' and 'why' questions central to an epistemologically informed archaeology, and thus help lithic analysts from different research traditions better understand one another, we contrast models of discrete lithic reduction stages with those based on models of reduction continua. How we understand reduction influences how we interpret it. First, we summarize experimental data from North American bifacial reductions that can be modeled as continuous reduction processes using regression and principal components analyses. Then we apply these same methods to refitted cores from WHS 623x, an Upper Paleolithic site in west-central Jordan. The analysis shows that some aspects of lithic reduction are best modeled as continua, while others are better modeled as discrete. If reduction is continuous in some respects, it should be understood in continuous terms in those respects. This special issue is guest edited by Gilbert B. Tostevin (Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota). This is article #4 of 7. M archaeologists view lithic reduction as a process that unfolds in essentially discrete, generalizable stages (e.g., Boëda 1993; Boëda et al. 1990; Callahan 1979). This view has a long history and can be traced to various sources. In the Old World, with its great time depth, it is often tied to assumptions and preconceptions about hominin cognitive evolution, with the implication that biology and culture are linked in a more or less linear fashion (e.g., Grahame Clark 1969, Foley and Lahr 1994), and that lithic typology and technology tend to co-vary with one another over space and time (e.g., Bar-Yosef 1994, 2002; Bordes 1961; de Sonneville and Perrot 1953). In the New World, William Henry Holmes originated the reduction-sequence concept over a century ago (Holmes 1894; Shott 2003). But the possibility that reduction might be continuous in some cases and respects, shaped only by generalizable contingencies with which all Stone Age societies must contend, has seldom been addressed. Holmes apparently shared this view. He explicitly recognized that stages were analytical constructs, not revealed entities present in the minds of people long dead: "There can really be no line of demarcation separating the phenomena of one stage from those of another and there is a danger of the change being thought of as a definite and restricted episode, as marking a complete ending of one phase of existence, and as being a datum point from which to begin the study of the succeeding phase" (Holmes 1892: 248–249, cited in Meltzer and Dunnell 1992: xxix). The stage concept thus assumes stages to be valid and replicable, defined by legitimate patterns of association among variables, categorical and continuous, and that every arPaleoAnthropology 2011: 320−333. © 2011 PaleoAnthropology Society. All rights reserved. ISSN 1545-0031 doi:10.4207/PA.2011.ART62 MICHAEL J . SHOTT Department of Classical Studies, Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Akron, 302 Buchtel Common, Akron, OH 44303-1910, USA; email@example.com JOHN M. LINDLY Westland Resources, 40 N. Central, Suite 1400, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; firstname.lastname@example.com GEOFFREY A. CLARK School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 872402, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA; firstname.lastname@example.com Special Issue: Reduction Sequence, Chaîne Opératoire, and Other Methods. Continuous Modeling of Core Reduction • 321 to become reified and reproduced in peoples' minds and analyses, as if they were in some sense 'real.' There are no 'types' of stature, but rather continuous variation in the variable 'stature,' limited only by measurement precision. Any type so defined may possess some descriptive value, but it is neither an efficient, precise, nor particularly useful way to portray variation, and it might misrepresent its nature. If reduction stages are valid analytically, then they should differ among themselves but the specimens assigned to them should not. Stages are defined by sets of objects, elements, or attributes that are essentially identical with respect to the stages' defining characteristics. This proposition is easily tested using Callahan's biface data. Stages were subdivided into two equal or approximately equal halves by weight. Substages of Stages 1 (n=4 in first substage, n=5 in second) and 3 (n=10 in first substage, n=8 in second because of tied cases at the boundary value between substages) were slightly unequal. As expected, weight differed between substages that, like the larger stages, arbitrarily divide a continuum of variation. But width differed significantly between each stage's substages, length in all cases except Stage 1, and thickness in Stage 3. Therefore, metric differences within Callahan's stages were as great as those between them. Consider a view of size variation in Callahan's preforms that does not assume categorical stages of reduction. Principal-components analysis (PCA) using length, width, thickness, and weight yielded a single significant component (PC1) that explained 74% of the variance in the data. The component clearly is a measure of size because all variables loaded highly on it. Among stages, weight always correlated most strongly with component score, width usually was ranked second; length and thickness correlated more weakly and not always significantly. Preform widththickness ratio, a shape measure Callahan considered important in distinguishing stages, correlated with PC1 only in Stages 3 and 4, suggesting that shape and size co-vary most strongly at advanced reduction stages as a preform began to approximate its final 'ideal' form. This seems reasonable on technological grounds because reduction begins with cores that naturally vary quite a lot, continues with flake blanks that vary considerably, and culminates in finished tools that, owing to size, technological and functional constraints, vary less. Weight is perhaps the best summary measure of size among the original variables, further demonstrating that the component measures size because weight is a summary size measure. Mean component scores by Callahan stage are about equally spaced, each separated from bracketing stages by values of about 0.60. Figure 1 plots weight against the size component. Of course the variables are strongly correlated, because weight contributed to the component's definition more than any other primary variable. Figure 1 shows that there is a continuous relationship between the variables, and considerable overlap in range between specimens at different stages. Size, measured either by weight or the principal component, varies continuously, not by discrete stages. chaeologist who contemplates the same specimens would inductively arrive at the same number of stages possessed of the same characteristics. Unfortunately, both assumptions are questionable, as recent studies have shown (e.g., Bisson 2000; Bradbury and Carr 1999; Ingbar et al. 1989; Monnier 2006; Shott 1996). Callahan's (1979) Paleoindian bifacial reduction sequence, legitimately celebrated both for its great detail and the beauty of its illustrations, is a good example. Like most archaeologists, Callahan viewed bifacial reduction in sequential terms, although he spoke also of continua. Indeed, Callahan established the vocabulary that endures today— Paleoindian archaeologists routinely speak of 'Stage 2' or 'Stage 3' bifaces. In so doing, they employ Callahan's concepts and terms.1 But Ingbar and colleagues (1989) showed that reduction is at least as well understood as a continuum, not a sequence of discrete stages. They accomplished this by showing how flake debris ordered by removal from cores varied not so much by stage—all in this or that stage being very similar or identical in variables that defined the stage—but continuously. In the process, they demonstrated that removal order was a linear or log-linear function of several continuous attributes of flakes (see also Bradbury and Carr 1999; Clark 1976; Shott 1996; Henry 2003). Callahan's stages were defined by metric and categorical properties of preforms themselves, not the debris struck from them. Yet the validity of the stage concept also can be tested against preform data because Callahan (1979) reported weight and the basic dimensions of length, width and thickness by reduction stages. He defined from six to nine stages by inextricable combinations of ratio-scale variables like length and width, and nominaland ordinal-scale technological and inferred behavioral variables (e.g., section form, pattern of flake scars). Callahan reported data only for specimens in Stages 1–4, reasonable enough since subsequent stages differed little in size from 'Stage 4' preforms and more in the details of fluting. Therefore, we consider only Stages 1–4. When defined by combinations of categorical and continuous variables, Callahan's stages may well be valid. But their distinctiveness and internal integrity in continuous variables is undemonstrated. Mean values by stage certainly differ—no surprise since stages were defined partly by size, measured by continuous variables. But differences in mean dimensions appear to be more an artifact of analysis than a property of stages themselves. A ratio scaled variable with a natural zero point and independent of the measurement unit, stature in adult males is a continuous variable best described in continuous terms. However, except for a loss of precision (hence information), not


Two cases illustrate the technique of treating enamel discoloration and decalcification by beginning with bur cutting and completing with microabrasion compound. This eliminates texture defects caused by bur cutting and reduces treatment time.


A case study is done on a specific set of manufacturing systems: multi-machine workstations. A multimachine workstation is a part of a manufacturing system containing multiple machines, processing a set of products. The scheme of a model with two products and two machines is shown in Figure 1. The machines are assumed deterministic and fully flexible. Transport times are neglected. The buffers are allowed to run empty and products can re-enter the buffers. The objective is to control the outward flow according to a prescribed customer demand. Results


On November 5, 1996, the voters of Arizona overwhelmingly approved Proposition 203—the Healthy Arizona Initiative. Largely unnoticed amid publicity surrounding other propositions in Arizona and elsewhere (such as the legalization of certain drugs in Arizona and California), the Healthy Arizona Initiative stands out for what it will do to improve health care access. More important, it serves as testimony to what concerned citizens can do to establish sound health care policy when policymakers refuse to do so. Given lack of support by the political leadership of Arizona, the Healthy Arizona Initiative is a tribute to citizen action. There are 3 methods that citizens can use to affect policy decisions outside the current representational framework—the initiative, the referendum, and the recall. Although a form of the referendum has existed since the birth of the nation as a method of constitutional ratification, the current forms of citizen-led policymaking evolved from the Populist


A series of experiments was performed to characterize RF microelectromechanical system switch performance under variable environmental conditions and cryogenic temperatures. Data were recorded in helium and nitrogen environments to lower stiction failure rates as well as to circumvent switch bouncing arising from low pressure at cryogenic temperatures. Contact resistance values were observed to be lower at cryogenic temperatures but still two orders of magnitude higher than the values predicted for the constriction resistance of gold asperity contacts, consistent with the presence of adsorbed films on the contacts. An asperity-heating model was applied, from which it was deduced that contact voltages can selectively disassociate adsorbed films from the contact surface while not softening the gold asperity contacts. The results are consistent with the reduced mobility of the adsorbed surface films at cryogenic temperatures.


Objective Of Ginkgo biloba extract and dipyridamole injection in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction in the clinical efficacy and improvement in cerebral blood flow.Methods 282 of our hospital to treat patients with acute cerebral infarction were analyzed.Results The total effective rate was 94.4% in the control group,the total effective rate was 84.2%,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05);blood flow,the two groups after treatment than before treatment were significantly lower in whole blood viscosity,plasma viscosity,fibrinogen comparison treatment group were better than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05),compared the hematocrit was no significant difference in the 2 groups(P0.05).Conclusion Yinxingdamo injection can be effective in improving cerebral blood flow,improve the high viscosity state,protection of brain tissue and nerve function,the treatment of acute cerebral infarction to reduce risk factors for its occurrence and recurrence of effective therapeutic drugs in clinical use.


At present, sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) has gained a great momentum in this competitive business world for any kind of industry. Leather industry (leather, leather products, and footwear) is the second export earning sector of Bangladesh which is scrambling to implement SSCM in its working cycle. There are lot of challenges that are creating barriers for this industry owners in establishing sustainability practices in their supply chain management. There is lack of enough research in identifying the challenges of SSCM for leather industry of Bangladesh. That's why, it is very imperative to identify the challenges of SSCM for leather industry in Bangladesh which will guide the industry owners to combat these challenges. In this research, we have not only identified the challenges of SSCM for leather industry but also evaluated the relationship among them. Besides, a priority list of identified challenges is depicted through which the industry owners can easily find out the major and minor challenges. Five industrial experts were selected from export-oriented leather and footwear factories in order to sort out the appropriate challenges. Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique was applied to assess the relationship among identified 18 challenges and divided them into two groups such as cause and effect. The casual challenges are lack of knowledge and experience, lack of technical expertise, corruption, social unawareness, lack of acceptance of new technology, lack of training on SSCM, poor organizational culture, market competition and uncertainty, lack of commitment from top management and lack of integration of IT system. On the other hand, lack of eco-literacy among supply chain stakeholders, financial constraints, lack of government rules and regulations, cost of sustainability, limitations of capacity, lack of management initiatives for reverse logistics, demand for lower price and lack of energy and waste management policy were identified as effect group challenges. This study will help the decision-makers of leather industry in formulating strategic policies to address these challenges for in implementing SSCM in leather industry that will drive these sectors toward sustainable development.


Introduction: Leprosy is a disabling and contagious infectious disease in which even after discharge by cure can develop the development of sequelae. Objective: To evaluate the evolution of the degree of physical disability of people with leprosy. Method: This is an observational, descriptive, longitudinal design research. The study was developed in two stages with a minimum interstitial of two years between the stages in a hyperendemic municipality of Piaui. 256 people were evaluated and the clinical form, operational classification and the degree of physical disability were analyzed. Results: The study participants had an indeterminate clinical form (41.8%), paucibacillary operating classification (55.5%), at first 54% had degree of physical disability I and at second moment 63.5% also degree of physical disability I. Longitudinal evaluation showed an increase among those classified as degree of physical disability I of 17.64%. Conclusions: The evaluation of both moments showed that there was an increase among people classified as having some degree of physical disability, with a percentage increase between degree of physical disability I.


The purpose of this work is to make clear the Late Pleistocene climatic changes in Central Japan. For this purpose the author tried to correlate nearshore sediments in the Nobi coastal plain with fluviatile sediments in the inland area by means of tephrochronology and rock magnetism. In the studied area, pumice and scoria beds erupted from Ontake Volcano are widely distributed being intercalated with peat beds and other sediments. These volcanic products were precisely examined with the features of field occurrence, mafic mineral composition and thermomagnetic


This article attempts to re-define the terms of debate surrounding the socio-historical, political, aesthetic, and philosophical significance of the Impressionist movement in turn-of-the-century Vienna. It calls into question the adequacy of the traditional paradigm of crisis and argues that the Jung Wien movement may be viewed as an attempt by the Austro-German elite to fashion a form of cultural monism that complemented the political move of the Habsburg monarchy to preserve its empire.


Objective To verify whether vitamin K2(VK2)has a capacity of inhibiting prolifer- ation,adhesion and invasiveness and inducing apoptosis in a HCC cell line with high metastatic potential (MHCC97-H),and also to investigate the Caspase-3 activity in the process of apoptosis induced by VK2. Methods After MHCC97-H cells were treated with 0-100 μM VK2,cell adhesion and migration potential were tested by in vitro assay of cell adhesion and invasion;cell proliferation by MTT assay;and apoptosis and Caspase-3 activity by Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit and Caspase-3 Fluorescent Assay Kit, respectively.Results VK2 inhibited MHCC97-H cell proliferation from 12.5% to 59.7% when the dose was increased from 10~(-7)mol/L to 10~(-4)mol/L(P0.01).VK2 in 100 μmol/L markedly inhibited cell ad- hesion to fibronectin(FN)up to 69.9% in a dose-dependent manner following 3 h of treatment(P 0.01),and the invasiveness was significantly inhibited up to 65.5% following 48 h of treatment(P 0.01).After treatment with VK2 in 100 μmol/L for 6 h,28.5% of the cells exhibited apoptotie traits,and in the meantime,Caspase-3 activity of MHCC97-H cells was increased significantly from 92.0±5.8 to 226.0±6.4(P0.01).The inhibitor of Caspase-3,Z-VAD-FMK,was found to have the ability to limit Caspase-3 activity.Conclusion VK2 produced marked inhibitory effects on the adhesion,invasion and proliferation of MHCC97-H cells,and the apoptosis of MHCC97-H cells could be induced by VK2 via Caspase-3-transduction signal.


A necessary ingredient in the improvement of air services in remote Arctic areas is the development of a systematic programme of upgrading airport facilities and services. The provision of such facilities extends outwards from the central points, at which growth is usually concentrated, to the smaller communities with less developed traffic patterns. Programme justification then becomes related more to the achievement of social mobility, rather than only to the need for central points on established routes.


Loan Agreement (Early Childhood Development Project) between Jamaica and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (with schedules, appendix and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development General Conditions for Loans, dated 1 July 2005, as amended through 12 February 2008). Wellington, 10 June 2008


A minimal continuum dislocation dynamics model has been developed to explain the emergent mesoscale self-similar dislocation structures observed in plastically-deformed crystals. In three dimensions, we simulate the materials morphology induced in a single crystal within an isotropic approximation, starting from a smooth initial deformation and evolving the geometrically necessary dislocations to minimize the elastic energy. Whether or not climb is forbidden, geometrically necessary dislocations always evolve into self-similar structures. This striking self-similar morphology is measured in terms of correlation functions of physical observables, like the geometrically necessary dislocation density, the plastic distortion, and the crystalline orientation. All these correlation functions exhibit spatial power-law behaviors, sharing a single underlying universal critical exponent. Our continuum model provides a new example of self-organized critical dynamics and pattern formation.


Objective: The Mind, Exercise, Nutrition, Do It! 7–13 (MEND 7–13) program was adapted in 2016 by 5 Denver Health federally qualified health centers (DH FQHC) into MEND+, integrating clinician medical visits into the curriculum and tracking health measures within an electronic health record (EHR). We examined trajectories of body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ) percentile, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) among MEND+ attendees in an expanded age range of 4 to 17 years, and comparable nonattendees. Methods: Data from April 2015 to May 2018 were extracted from DH FQHC EHR for children eligible for MEND+ referral (BMI ≥85th percentile). The sample included 347 MEND+ attendees and 21,061 nonattendees. Mixed-effects models examined average rate of change for BMI percent (P < .01), respectively. SBP and DBP increased by 0.033 and 0.032/month in eligible nonattendees, respectively. Conclusions: %BMIp95, SBP, and DBP significantly decreased among MEND+ attendees when implemented in community-based clinical practice settings at DH FQHC.


Monitoring and data record system of electric current on the current conducting wire has been developed. Recently, the current measurement was conducted by electronic circuit configuration by adding the shunt resistance in the circuit configuration . Compare to the voltage measurement, the electric current measurement  has several obstacle and sometimes dangerous, especially on the AC current measurement. This study offers the automation of electric current measurement using affordable and non-destructive ACS712 Hall effect sensor. Hall effect is the phenomena of charge flow deflection in the metal plate that is placed in the magnetic field. By using this sensor, it is possible to detect the AC and DC current on conducting wires. The output of the sensor  voltage will be change based on the magnetic field obtained due to current flows in the wire. Those output voltage are processed in microprocessor of ATMEGA238. Measurement results are saved in *.txt format. LabVIEW is used as the display system interface to simplify the utilization . The measurement is conducted in the Faraday cage. This system can be one of answer for the efficient and stable affordable current measurement with the precision is 0.9954 and average of accuracy percentage is 99.5934%. To reach those precision, the sensor calibration formula in datasheets should be corrected by subtracts the sensor calibration formula with the constant of 0.125.


Most high-order, harmonic-generation experiments to date have used gas target pressures in excess of 10 Torr. These high pressures have been used to enhance the harmonic signal, which increases quadratically with the pressure. The phase-mismatch factors (caused by both neutral and ionized media) increase with the pressure as does the effect of refraction of the incident laser when the medium becomes ionized. Very few measurements of the angular distributions of the high-order harmonics have been reported.3 The far-field pattern can provide additional insight into the laser propagation, phase matching, and the atomic response.


This paper argues that that much published tourism and hospitality research has had little influence on tourism or hospitality practice especially with regard to the problems of sustainability because of a failure to use systems thinking to guide research questions and approaches. This critical review and conceptual paper demonstrates how a systems thinking approach could be used to improve both the relevance of, and theoretical development in, tourism and hospitality research in the area of sustainability. This paper reviewed recent published research into tourism's social impacts to demonstrate the power of taking a systems approach to map out the research problem area. It then critically reviewed the use of concepts from psychology in published research into guest engagement in sustainability programs in hospitality businesses to demonstrate the value of systems thinking for organising theoretical concepts. In both of the reviewed areas the overwhelming conclusion was that the majority of the research lacked both practical relevance and was based on inappropriate or deficient theoretical understanding.


ABSTRACT Antarctic coastal polynyas are the most productive area in the Southern Ocean, playing a significant role in a polar ecosystem. Understanding polynya properties is important because changes in polynya's environment can alter, or even disrupt, the polar food web. Nevertheless, there are still many unknown aspects of polynyas and its subsequent effects in the ecosystem. Based on satellite and atmospheric reanalysis data for 1998–2016, roles of atmospheric forcing on phytoplankton dynamics are examined. We find that chlorophyll-a (chl-a) has a noticeable year-to-year variability and its responses to atmospheric forcing differ regionally. That is, winds have a strong correlation with chl-a in the west Antarctic polynyas since strong winds tend to increase nutrient entrainment from subsurface water. A cloud cover is suggested to influence chl-a variability with a strong inverse correlation in the Weddell Sea and a moderate inverse correlation in the Amundsen Sea. We also find that chl-a decreases for 1998–2016 in the Amundsen Sea and Weddell Sea, which implies that a large amount of glacier meltwater is likely to decrease chl-a by enhancing oceanic stratification, whereas iron supply from recent higher ice melt would not directly affect such a long-term chl-a change.


In 1986 and 1988 various preparations of spores and or mycelium of the antagonist Penicillium frequentans, alone or in alternation with captan were applied to field-grown peach trees inoculated with Monilinia laxa, the cause of twig blight. Some preparations of P. frequentans containing nutrients gave significant reductions in severity of disease (from 38 to 80%) over control, comparable to that given by captan. Combinations of P. frequentans and captan gave a level of control similar to or less than that given by the antagonist or chemical alone. Populations ofP. frequentans on shoots were monitored after application in 1986. When applied with nutrients, levels of P. frequentans on shoots remained higher than when the fungus was applied in the absence of nutrients. In a glasshouse experiment the effect of P. frequentans treatments on twig blight was influenced by the type and amount of M. laxa inoculum applied.


This paper on the design and operation assessment of railway stations using passenger simulation is from the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer System Design and Operation in Railways and Other Transit Systems, held in Beijing, China, in 2010. The authors present a microscopic passenger simulation model for railways that includes event planning, route choice, and behavior decision. Complex passenger behaviors are modeled, as are simple motions. The model is calibrated using field data collected from Beijing railway station and validated with software called SRAIL. The authors found that, by using input passenger characteristics, station facilities, train timetables, traffic flow rules and simulation parameters, some useful indicators can be obtained, including facility usage, delay, congestion, station egress capacity, safety and coordination of the station. The total level of service can also be evaluated. The first passenger dedicated railway station of the China Beijing South Railway station is studied as an example. The authors conclude that their model can assess station design and operation efficiently.


PoliticsPA reports that the Keystone State has launched online voter registration, which will make it much easier to register to vote, be much safer in terms of personal information, and will also be much cheaper. Staying in Pennsylvania, Raging Chicken Press has the news that a GOP representative, Ryan Warner, wants to make English the official state language in order to save some money in the state's budget.


— Nowadays in agriculture industry exporting the fruits to other countries in bulk quantities is a difficult task. In this field farmers need manual inspection. Our system helps the farmers to pack their fruits as soon as possible by detecting the fruits and vegetable and identifying the disease this helps the farmers to save their time and they can delivery fruits and vegetable as soon as possible. We use CNN algorithm for fruits and vegetable detection and disease identification. Using neural network the image is segmented which is followed by extraction of some features from the segmented image finally fruits and vegetable image is identified and labeled.


Mock trials are an effective and fun way of eliciting thoughtful dialogue from students, and encouraging them to produce incisive analyses of current ethical dilemmas related to computers and society. This paper describes our experience using mock trials in two computer ethics courses. Each trial was centered on a specific
 controversial and ethically or legally ambiguous topic related to current computer usage in society. Students participated in a series of mock trials during the term, alternating their role in each trial between jury, proponent, and opponent. Class participation was nearly 100% for every trial, with many students electing to
 define their own sub-role within their assigned major role. The logistics of the trials were initially difficult to administer and monitor; however, they quickly became manageable as we gained more experience with the opportunities and pitfalls associated with the mock-trial system, and as students volunteered suggestions for improvements.


In the framework of the effective mass approximation, we develop a method to study the valence energy level structure of a Si1-xGex/Si quantum disk system in the adiabatic approximation using an exact diagonalization technique. The effects of strain, finite offset, and the difference between effective masses of holes in different materials are taken into account. The influences of both the height and the radius of the disk, and the content of Ge on the valence energy level structure of the quantum disk system are discussed. Our theoretical results are useful for researching and making low-dimensional semiconductor optoelectronic devices.


ATING type inheritance in a cililate follows one of two basic patterns (SONNEBORN 1947; BEALE 1954; KIMBALL 1964; NANNEY 1968). In ciliates with genic inheritance mating types are controlled directly by one or more genes. In ciliates with epigenetic inheritance an array of mating type potentialities is controlled by nuclear genes, but which mating type is actually expressed by a given cell is determined through nuclear differentiation. In the second case different phenotypes are obtained in cells with the same genotype and these phenotypes are stable and may persist throughout the life cycle. Like most ciliates, Tetrahymena pyriformis has two types of nuclei. The macronucleus or somatic nucleus is polyploid and controls the vegetative phenotype, while the diploid micronucleus or germinal nucleus serves as a reservoir of genetic material for new macronuclei. After conjugation each exconjugant develops two new macronuclei and two new micronuclei from the diploid fertilization nucleus by division. The macronuclear anlagen undergo rapid DNA synthesis, while the micronuclei remain diploid. At the first cell division after conjugation the two new macronuclei in each exconjugant are distributed to the daughter cells without division, so that all four of these cells, which yield cultures called caryonides, have the normal number of one macronucleus and one micronucleus (NANNEY 1953). At each following cell division both nuclei divide so that all the members of a caryonide clone have a macronucleus derived from the same macronuclear anlage. Since all four macronuclear anlagen from one conjugating pair originate from identical fusion nuclei they are genetically identical; but in ciliates with epigenetic mating type inheritance, different caryonides from the same pair may have different mating types. In fact, there is no correlation between the mating types of different caryonides, but mating types of subcaryonide clones are highly correlated. Thus, caryonidal or epigenetic inheritance involves nuclear diff erentiation at the time the macronuclear anlagen are formed. Another type of epigenetic inheritance has been observed in Paramecium aurelia and Paramecium caudatum ( SONNEBORN 1947). In the group B syngens of Paramecium aurelia, mating type expression follows a clonal rather than a caryonidal pattern. That is, each exconjugant usually has the same mating type as its cytoplasmic parent, and the two caryonides derived from one exconjugant are identical. At first this type of mating type inheritance appeared to depend


. We report on the results of deep narrow-band Ly (cid:11) and broad-band I Ly emitter rest-frame equivalent fainter several Mpc, whereas GRB 000301C occurred in an intrinsically very faint galaxy far from being the strongest centre of star formation in its galactic environment. Under the hypothesis that GRBs trace star formation, the wide range of GRB host galaxy luminosities implies a very steep faint end slope of the high redshift galaxy luminosity function.


A pronounced multi-centennial variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is found to be regulated by the salinity exchanges between the Atlantic and Arctic ocean in the IPSL-CM6A-LR atmosphere-ocean coupled model. The AMOC variations are preceded by salinity-driven density anomalies in the main deep convection sites in the Labrador and Greenland seas. Associated with a strong AMOC, the Arctic sea ice export through the Fram Strait reduces due to the decreased sea ice volume and anomalous northward currents. Anomalous freshwater hence accumulates at the surface in the Central Arctic. Meanwhile, the enhanced Atlantic inflow enters the Arctic through the Barents Sea and leads to a positive salinity in the Eastern Arctic subsurface. The surface freshwater anomalies last for 4 to 5 decades before they eventually reach the Lincoln Sea north of Greenland. The associated oceanic currents around Greenland reorganize, favoring the anomalous Arctic freshwater export to the North Atlantic and intensifying the stratification in deep convection sites. The AMOC then weakens, and the Central Arctic presents a positive surface salinity anomaly in turn. The oscillation switches to the opposite phase. These AMOC and sea ice fluctuations modulate climate worldwide, with a strong AMOC leading to a warming of 0.4°C in the northern extratropics, reaching up to 1°C in the Arctic lower troposphere during winter. In all seasons, a northward displacement of the intertropical convergence zone is also simulated.


This report describes the field demonstration of a near-remote sensing method to measure water turbidity over large areas, in a high-resolution, spatial context. Our interdisciplinary method used a novel multispectral imaging sensor deployed by a hand-launched small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS). The measurement of turbidity is a useful indicator of water quality. Current turbidity measurement tools, such as the Secchi disc, are labor-intensive and often limit coverage such that available samples are extrapolated unrealistically when representing large water resources. This handicaps computer models' ability to predict run-off, and these models produce the best results if supplied with high-resolution, fine time-increment measurements. This first study of the method developed operated the sUAS below 200 m over the surface of a 9.3-ha lake, capturing visible and near-infrared imagery at resolutions of ~0.2 m/pixel and capturing spectral bands matching those captured by the Landsat 4-5 satellites. The study established the spectral sensitivity and spatial coverage of the instrumentation and correlated turbidity estimates against traditional Secchi disc readings taken across the lake. This study also differentiated turbidity contribution from suspended organics vs. suspended sediments. To manage glare, this new technique required strategically positioned sunlight, thus sharing some operational limitations with the Secchi disc method. Plans have been made to extend the technique to be suitable for deeper, clearer lakes. The technique represents an improved monitoring tool for environmental scientists, watershed managers, and civil engineers.


Based on the analysis of the crystal NaCl type and electronic structure of cubic phase CdS crystals the cluster models have been built for calculation of the geometric and thermodynamic parameters. According to density functional theory (DFT) and using the hybrid valence base set B3LYP the temperature dependence of the energy ΔE and the enthalpy ΔH of formation, Gibbs free energy ΔG, entropy ΔS, specific heat at constant volume CV and pressure CP of the crystals have been found. The analytical expressions of the temperature dependences of presented thermodynamic parameters which was approximated from the quantum- chemical calculations data and with using mathematical package Maple 14 have been received.  Keywords: DFT, cluster models, the thermodynamic parameters, lead telluride.


Abstract : This thesis investigates the opportunity for the establishment of a Management Information Systems research center at the Naval Postgraduate School and the unique purpose it would serve within the Department of Defense community. Following the analysis of five existing information systems research centers anD their various objectives and activities, pertinent issues regarding the Naval Postgraduate School are identified through interviews of relevant faculty and staff. A mission is identified for a Naval Postgraduate School Information Systems Research Center, and a strategy involving the center's objectives and activities is suggested.


A detailed study has been made of the proliferation kinetics (in particular of the cell cycle time) of chemically induced squamous carcinomas and of the normal epithelium of the cheek pouch of the Syrian hamster. Several different methods, using tritiated thymidine labeling in vivo and standard autoradiographic techniques, were employed to measure the parameters of the cell cycle of the normal and malignant cells both before and after irradiation. The mean length of the cell cycle of the tumor cells was found to be approximately 12 hours and the mean growth fraction was estimated as 31%. From a comparison of the potential doubling time of the tumors with their measured doubling time, a mean cell loss factor of 0.75 was estimated. The range of values obtained for the cell cycle time of the normal epithelial cells was 130 to 152 hours. Following irradiation of the tumors with doses of 500 or 1000 rads it was found that the cell cycle time of the proliferating cells was slightly lengthened, the elongation be...


Objective To study the chemical constituents from roots of Polygala tricornis.Methods Compounds were isolated by repeated silica gel chromatographies and their structures were determined by spectral analysis.Results Eight compounds were isolated from the roots of P.tricornis and their structures were identified as stigmasta-7,22-diene(Ⅰ),α-spinasterol(Ⅱ),α-spinasteryl-3-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅲ),α-spinasteryl-3-O-β-D-glucoside-6′O-palmitate(Ⅳ),1,7-dihydroxy xanthone(Ⅴ),1,3-dihydroxy xanthone(Ⅵ),1-methoxy-2,3-methylenedioxy xanthone(Ⅶ),1,7-dimethoxy xanthone(Ⅷ).Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ-Ⅷ are obtained from this plant for the first time.


This paper introduces a method on the dualband filter with common cavity, which is based on the coupling matrix of the General Chebyshev filter, and then writing a matlab program can help us to get the parameters that we need more easier. In this article, the transmission band of the dualband filter is independently controlled. It can respectively by means of adjusting the coupling coefficients between the common cavity and the resonant units of the first passband filter and the second passband filter. At the same time, cross coupling is introduced in the passband filter, which is a good way to reduce the filter size. To verify the paper work, a dualband filter with common cavity design is introduced in the paper, whose test results and simulation results are perfectly identical with each other.


First and second order numerical schemes for the fourth order parabolic equation with Peng-Robinson equation of state, which are based on recently proposed invariant energy quadratisation method are developed. Both schemes are linear, unconditionally energy stable and uniquely solvable. The reduced linear systems are symmetric and positive definite, so that their solutions can be efficiently found. Numerical results demonstrate the good performance of the schemes, consistent with experimental data. AMS subject classifications: 65N30, 65N50, 49S05


Jake Micallef* speaks to Caroline Telfer, Commissioning Editor: Dr Micallef has 20 years of experience in research and development and in the management of early-stage biotechnical companies, including the manufacture of biotechnology products and the establishment of manufacturing operations. Dr Micallef was educated at King's College London (BSc in biology and chemistry, 1977 and PhD in physical chemistry, 1981); St Thomas' Hospital Medical School, London (MSc in chemical pathology, 1985); and Imperial College Management School (MBA, 2000). He spent 10 years working at the WHO where he worked on new diagnostic products in the area of reproductive health and cancer.


Crowd counting has a range of applications and it is an important task that
 can help with the accident prevention such as crowd crushes and stampedes in
 political protests, concerts, sports, and other social events. Many crown
 counting approaches have been proposed in the recent years. In this paper we
 compare five deep-learning-based approaches to crowd counting, reevaluate
 them and present a novel CSRNet-based approach. We base our implementation
 on five convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures: CSRNet, Bayesian
 Crowd Counting, DM Count, SFA-Net, and SGA-Net and present a novel approach
 by upgrading CSRNet with application of a Bayesian crowd counting loss
 function and pixel modeling. The models are trained and evaluated on three
 widely used crowd image datasets, ShanghaiTech part A, part B, and UCF-QNRF.
 The results show that models based on SFA-Net and DM-Count outperform
 state-of-the-art when trained and evaluated on the similar data, and the
 proposed extended model outperforms the base model with the same backbone
 when trained and evaluated on the significantly different data, suggesting
 improved robustness levels.


Objective To analyze the condition of taking medicine from outer court in Beijing Sanlihe Area Health Station in order to provide evidence for community health service station accepting patients taking medicine from outer court.Methods The condition of taking medicine from outer court in Beijing Sanlihe Area Health Station from June 1,2012 to May 31,2013 was analyzed by using the method of typical investigation.The hospital,diagnosis and medicine on transfer were recorded and Logistic regression analysis was adopted to analyze the influencing factors for the satisfactory level of taking medicine from outer court.Results The hospitals before transfer were Fuxing Hospital(374 cases,54.20%),Peking University First Hospital(86 cases,12.46%),Peking University People's Hospital(62 cases,8.99%),Xuanwu Hospital(57 cases,8.26%) and other hospitals(111 cases,16.09%).The diagnoses before transfer were neurological disease(187 cases,27.10%),circulatory system disease(130 cases,18.84%),respiratory system disease(95 cases,13.77%),metabolic system disease(78 cases,11.30%),digestive system disease(18 cases,2.61%) and other diagnoses(182 cases,26.38%).The medicines used before transfer were cobamamide(187 cases,27.10%),antibiotics(172 cases,24.93%),TCM(130 cases,18.84%),calcitonin(78 cases,11.30%) and other medicines(123 cases,17.83%).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that attitude,treatment expertise and treatment environment were the factors influencing the satisfactory level of taking medicine from outer court.Conclusion Patients taking medicine from outer court are mainly with neurological system disease and circulatory system disease,and the patients were mainly using Vitamins,antibiotics and TCM.The attitude and treatment expertise should be improved among the community medical staff to provide more convenient and higher quality service for the patients.


A PHINCIPAL FEATURE of any Of the human muscular dystrophies is the distribution and sequence of development of muscular weakness and related phenomena (pseudohypertrophy, atrophy, and myotonia) . This distribution and sequence of development form the basis of the clinical classification of the dystrophies. These distinguishing features, together with the genetic and other clinical aspects, suggest to the practicing physician that there are at least 3, and probably more, different disease entities. The pathologist, viewing the dystrophies in terms of their histological characteristics, gains ;I different impression: that there is a similarity, if not a unity, in the pathology of the different clinical types. Erb' expressed this opinion in his 1891 monograph. He stated, in effect, that the different clinical forms of muscular dystrophy all have the same underlying pathological process and that the variations in clinical expression are to be explained by differences in the constitutional. make-up of the patient. Age of onset, nonspecific personal and familial factors, and coincidental influences were suggested as possibilities. Erb designated all of the then recognized forms of dystrophy under the single appellation, progressive nzzcscular dystrophy. The view is prevalent to this day, though not universally shared, that the limited histological expression afforded by the dystrophies results from a common molecular defect. Although this is only an assumption, many go wen further and presume that those muscular conditions seen in a variety of laboratory aninials to which the term "dystrophy" has also been applied, likewise share this identical defect in the molecular make-up of the muscles.


When two fracture lines of a solid surface intersect, it is always possible to tell which one has been made first. In fact, any fracture lines caused by later impacts are halted by any prior surface damage. This well-known principle (which Puppe established in 1903) has primarily been used in glass fracture analysis, but it can also be used to examine skull fractures. It can help sequencing and determining blunt force injuries. In this context, we report the case of a 43 years old man, working as an industrial labourer, met with a road traffic accident in which he sustained multiple injuries and demised. His autopsy and examination of skull revealed an exception in Puppe's rule.


To review the fistula rate in irradiated patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy, compare the effect of closure type on fistula rate, and examine possible perioperative risk factors that might contribute to an increased fistula rate.


The paper describes the challenge of energy saving and emission reduction and production limitation in the traditional production processes of PCB.The fundamental way of solution for PCB lies in the adoption of inkjet techniques.


The corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in HCl in the presence of chalcone derivatives was studied using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, frequency modulation (EFM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The study revealed that the corrosion rate increases with temperature. Addition of chalcone derivatives to the corrodent solution lowered the corrosion rate of carbon steel. Inhibition efficiency (%IE) of chalcone derivatives was found to increase with concentration and decreased with temperature. Adsorption of chalcone molecule on carbon steel surface was found to obey the Temkin adsorption isotherm The phenomenon of physical adsorption is proposed from the obtained thermodynamic parameters .


In this paper an artificial neural network model is presented for the prediction of electromagnetic field distribution within a region, starting from the knowledge of some field measurements at points, lying on grids uniformly covering the interesting region. The results of the numerical experiments show that this neural predictor can be successfully used for the solution of this kind of inverse problems, by means of very few field measurements at certain points


This is a large textbook weighing several kilograms. It is divided into 18 parts with a number of subchapters in each part. There are over 200 contributors many of whom are leaders in the palliative care world.

Part 1 covers the development of this specialty including a geographical focus by continent with a chapter of possible developments. Then next six parts cover bioethics, research, organisation and assessment. Giving an overview in a few hundred words is a challenge, so I have picked some issues that are relevant to …


During 3 months of being quarantine in our tiny apartment, here comes the project, "SkyWindow". The concept of the "SkyWindow" is the idea of being a mental escape from reality, especially under the unprecedented time. Being quarantine in an entire enclosure space continuously for numerous hours and days, people are desperately looking for reliefs in any possible ways. Through the artist's interactive design, looking up to the imaginary sky could be the most enjoyable solution to get the immediate comfort without going out. The "SkyWindow" is an immersive and intimate experience with sky-like projections on the ceiling like putting a void hole to it as an interactive installation. A dark environment with the projected sky/universe on the ceiling intriguing the audience to walk closer underneath. Further, the visual graphic will induce the audience to reach out to their hands like touching the sky to trigger the raindrops (meteor shower) and sounds falling from the "SkyWindow." The "SkyWindow" here metaphorically represents a piece of "hope" people can expect during the pandemic. No matter a planet far away in the dark or sunlight in the bright, it gives you unexpected joy and surprise in the design. Besides exposing under different spatial scenes, through this "SkyWindow," waving hands in the air will trigger the (meteor) shower falling from the Sky which ironically implies the power of control that people have been losing it for a while under such an unpredictable moment. And the (meteor) shower implicitly refers to wash out all the illness and sadness for returning the clean and pure spirits.


ABSTRACT New mothers frequently seek information and community on social networking sites as they seek to establish their parenting practices. As social networking sites for mothers (SNSM) present an environmental influence on the family system, a mother's experience with social comparison, belonging, and emotion on SNSM can bear significant influence over her satisfaction with her parenting. The present study utilized survey methods to explore mothers' (n= 336) reported experiences of these variables. We use structural equation modeling to specify a model with good fit, which indicated that greater downward comparison directly related to greater parenting satisfaction, with belonging and negative emotion as mediating indirect relationships. Implications for family communication and mothers' SNSM practices are discussed.


Fat necrosis in breast is a rare benign condition, which can mimic carcinoma and Tuberculosis (TB) of breast in both clinical and radiological assessment. Histopathology in such cases may distinguish granulomatous lesion from carcinoma, however granulomas are identified in both fat necrosis and tuberculosis which is difficult to differentiate. Fat necrosis in breast is often not associated with axillary lymph nodes, which can differentiate fat necrosis from tuberculosis and breast carcinoma. But high index of suspicion is always required. We hereby report a case of a 40-year old female, who presented with lump in the right breast which lead to diagnostic dilemma.


Various studies on the protection of the copyright information by the digital watermark is performed. In the prior study, they were using the wavelet transform. And it made a proposal to embed dispersed as watermark information the QR code to the low-frequency component. However, the original image is degraded by embedding in the low-frequency component. Further, detection becomes difficult to be dispersed in the embedded information. In this study, I do twice wavelet transform. And it suggest a digital watermark with the durability and less image degradation more by embedding into the intermediate area. 電子透かしによる著作権情報の保護に関する様々な研究が行われている. 従来研究では、ウェーブレット 変換により求まった低周波成分にQRコードを透かし情報として分散し埋め込む提案がされていた. しかし LL成分への埋め込みでは元画像の劣化が避けられない. また、埋め込み情報を分散させても検出が難しく なってしまう. 本研究では、二回ウェーブレット変換を行い中間領域へ埋め込むことでより画像劣化の少な いかつ耐久性を持った電子透かしを提案する.


I ntroduction. Lysozyme (EC 18.104.22.168), which has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory actions is increasingly used in medicine in a different dosage forms: tablets, wound coatings, capsules, gels, etc. Tablet is a convenient dosage form for usage of lysozyme in combination with other biologically active substances. The targeted stabilization of enzyme by immobilization into polymeric matrices determines the relevance of tablet form development of complex compositions of lysozyme and quercetin. The aim of the study – development of tablet blends of complex preparation of immobilized lysozyme and quercetin, their quantitative determination and the study of the properties of active substances. Methods of the research. Lysozyme activity was determined by bacteriolytic method. The protein content was controlled according to Lowry-Hartree, quercetin – using zirconium chloride. Results and Discussion. Using the earlier obtained data about the interaction of lysozyme with polymeric supports of different origin and structure, for the development of tableting mixtures with lysozyme and quercetin, as polymeric binders the poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose and gelatin were chosen. The comparative analysis of physico-chemical properties of immobilized in polymers lysozyme had shown prospects of gelatin usage as a matrice, which promotes widening of pH-profile of enzyme activity both in areas of acidic and alkaline pH values, stability in acidic media. For making the lysozyme and quercetin – containing tableting mixtures, the fillers, disintegrants, flavours and wet granulation method were chosen. The total preservation of lysozyme activity and quercetin content in obtained granules was shown. c onclusions. Tablet mixtures with lysozyme and quercetin with usage of polymeric carriers of different origin and structure were developed. The analysis of biochemical and physico-chemical properties of immobilized lysozyme had shown prospects of gelatin usage as a matrice. Immobilization promotes widening of pH-profile of enzyme activity both in areas of acidic and alkaline pH values, stability in acidic media.


With the development and changes of the times, the theoretical research of Ideological and political education needs to be able to adapt to the new situation of the new era and complete its new mission. The transformation of the form and paradigm of Ideological and political education theory research depends on the transformation of research methods, research perspectives and the innovation of value orientation and ideas. The research and development of ideological and political education theories need to form new paradigms and new forms according to the current development situation of the times. These new paradigms need to take national development as the starting point and foothold of research. The development of the new era requires that ideological and political education has a stronger practical function and comprehensive quality education function. The transformation of its theoretical paradigm needs to be combined with the evolutionary mechanism of the new form of ideological and political education theory to adapt to the essential demands of the development of the times.


We report on recent studies of the feasibility and impact of replacing one of the regular 1.4 T bending magnets in Diamond with a normal conducting 3 T "Superbend" in order to enhance the hard X-ray output for a possible future beamline. We describe the preliminary magnet design, the vacuum and engineering implications and the effect on beam dynamics.


Lactic acid bacteria as probiotic are considered alternative to antibiotic growth promotor. The aims of this study were to investigate quality and quantity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from completed feed silage based on corn with capsulation. Lactic acid bacteria were coated with sodium alginat and karragenan, and processed by spray or freeze dried . The capsulation products were evaluated for number of lactic acid bacteria and inhibition ability. Data from factorial Completely Randomized Design were analyzed variance followed by Duncan test. The result showed that the lactic acid bacteria isolated from completed feed based on corn silage coated with sodium alginat processed spray dried . It is concluded that lactic acid bacteria from isolated from completed feed based on corn silage coated with sodium alginat processed spray dried the best in term of number latic acid bacteria, inhibition ability and storage time. Keywords : capsulation, complete feed silage, drying method


The answer to the question posed by the title of this hearing is: only prison sentences can deter the violations that caused the debacle. We should, however, never rely solely on prosecutions to constrain crimes. The criminal justice system needs to work with regulation not only to make regulation more effective, but also to prevent "private market discipline" from becoming a "criminogenic" oxymoron. To understand the vital role that the criminal justice system must play if we are to avoid the recurrent, intensifying financial crises that have beset this and many other nations for nearly three decades we must begin by understanding the epidemics of "control fraud" that are driving these crises.


Organophosphate (OP) poisoning is very common form of poisoning in Indian population because of its availability and easy access. Intoxication occurs following the absorption of OP agents through gastrointestinal tract, skin and respiratory tract and rarely by intramuscular or intravenous route. The clinical features depend on the amount of the poison consumed, it's concentration, the route of administration and the time of instituting therapy. We are reporting a case of an intravenous monochrotophos poisoning, an unusual way of intoxication, which was managed in our ICU.


A composite insulating tape 20 comprises a laminate or co-extrusion of at least two layers, including an insulating first layer 24 of a polymer matrix in which mica particles are dispersed and a second layer 26 of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) or a blend or alloy thereof containing at least 50% of PEEK, wherein the surface of at least one said layer, opposite the other said layer, is coated with a fluoropolymer film 25.  The tape can be used to form a multilayer coating on a conductor 10 such as an electric wire. An outer protective layer 28 of a fluoropolymer such as PTFE may be applied around the wrapped tape, by wrapping or extrusion.  In preferred embodiments, fluoropolymer films are applied to both sides of the tape (fig 4).


Repeated measurements of subsurface temperature-depth profiles have been conducted eight times between May 2000 and December 2015 at the Kawaguchi groundwater observation wells in southeastern Saitama Prefecture, Japan to evaluate distribution and causes of subsurface warming in an urban area. Additionally, monitoring has been conducted since April 2007 to observe long-term changes in subsurface temperature. Subsurface warming was observed at depths shallower than 40 m. Subsurface warming decreased with depth, and at depths of 20 m, 30 m and 40 m had rates of 3 . 4 × 10 - 2 o C/year, 2 . 30 × 10 - 2 o C/year and 1 . 93 × 10 - 2 o C/year, respectively. Results of comparison between calculated temperatures and observed temperatures indicate that surface warming estimated by secular changes in air temperature, starting in 1983 , has led to subsurface warming that has been observed after 2003 .


To meet the requirement of loading/ unloading large-sized spacecraft containers with IL-76 aircraft, a novel cargo-loader was designed in the study. The cargo-loader including shunt mechanism and electric control system not only could moves all-around, but also be adjusted attitudes automatically. The operation efficiency and the operational risks were greatly improved owing to the automatic alignment function. Moreover, it has great potential application in other large-sized cargos during air transportation.


A copper-bearing sulfur-gold ore from Hu'nan province was studied by the process of floatation-roasting of sulfur concentration-acid leaching of copper-cyanide leaching of gold.The results showed that the copper recovery was 74.00%,the gold recovery was 91.14%.The flue gas from roasting was SO2,and its sulfur recovery was 95.17%.And the iron concentrate of TFe 68.72% with a recovery of 86.23% was also obtained.The technology which recycled sulfur,copper,gold,iron could realize comprehensive utilization of mineral resources.


The carbohydrates content from Zea mays plants attacked by the Sorosporium holci-sorghi (Riv.) Moesz. f. zeae (Pass.) Savul. fungus is lower or equal, never above than the content found in the healthy control plants.


Abstract The Lasso and Ridge estimators are effective variable selection methods for a simple linear model. While the multiple linear model is often used in practice, only few studies have examined its problem of variable selection. To address this gap, we study such problem by taking advantage of the Lasso and Ridge estimate. We propose two variable selection methods in the multiple linear model and introduce the multiple random simulation (MRS) algorithm, whose efficiency is similar to that of the least angle regression (LARS) algorithm in a simple linear model. We verify the performance of these two algorithms by applying them to real diabetes data and find that the LARS algorithm cannot be easily applied in a multiple linear model. We also illustrate the excellent performance of MRS by applying this algorithm on a simulated dataset.


This paper contains a detailed literature review of research findings regarding the cause of flow-induced noise created by airfoils operating at low to moderate Reynolds numbers. There are many important engineering applications that operate at these conditions. More investigation is required to understand why airfoils in this range of Reynolds numbers produce high levels of tonal noise. As discussed in this paper, there are still many uncertainties surrounding the nature of the source.


We collected 967 individual soil Mesofauna,which subordinated to 3 Phyla,6 Classes,and 10 orders,in which Collembola and Acarina were the dominant populations.The result showed that compared with the control soil sample,the species and quantities of soil mesofauna treated by Glyphosate-isopropylammonium 41AS herbicide were remarkblely decreased.The species of soil animals was decreased with decreasing population common and rare fauna,while the amount of soil animal was mainly associated with the populations of Collembola and Acarina.Besides,the dominant population of Collembola and Acarina were decreased with the increasing concentrations of Glyphosate-isopropylammonium 41AS herbicide.


Market demands have compelled the VLSI industry stake holders to integrate more and more number of functionalities and which is also being well supported by the advances in fabrication techniques. This has challenged the circuit designers to design the power ware circuits and in the process many experts are using concept from other engineering areas to resolve the power equations more optimally. Adiabatic Logic is one such technique used to reduce the power dissipation of the circuit utilizing the principle from thermo dynamic of zero entropy exchange with environment. Authors have used adiabatic principle and implemented full adder circuit with ECRL and PFAL techniques. Transistor count for carry and sum are 14, 22 and 16, 24 respectively for ECRL and PFAL. The maximum frequency, maximum load driving capability are analyzed for 1.25 micron and 0.18 micron technology. It is found that for 1.25 micron technology ECRL based carry circuit dissipates least power of 2.860176 µW at 25 MHz, max power of 18.17460 µW at 100 MHz and maximum Cload derived is 7 fF with 8.464489 µW at 50 MHz. The PFAL based carry circuit dissipates least power of 38.52858 µW at 20 MHz, max power of 51.52832 µW at 100MHz and maximum Cload derived is 20 fF with 40.61746 µW at 50 MHz. ECRL based sum circuit dissipates least power of 4.932597 µW at 25 MHz, max power of 53.1588 µW at 100 MHz and maximum Cload derived is 30 fF with 29.6655 µW at 50 MHz. The PFAL based sum circuit dissipates least power of 7.052026 µW at 25 MHz, max power of 53.33038 µW at 100 MHz and maximum Cload derived is 20 fF with 24.11132 µW at 50 MHz. For 0.180 micron technology – ECRL based carry circuit dissipates 59.2158 µW at fmax of 200MHz and maximum Cload derived is 20 fF with 88.63479 µW at 200MHz. PFAL based carry circuit dissipates 583.6617 µW at 20 MHz. ECRL based sum circuit dissipates 24.37457 µW at fmax of 200 MHz and maximum Cload derived is 10 fF with 38.95504 µW at 200MHz. PFAL based sum circuit dissipates 1555.033 µW at 20 MHz.


A method for generating a system clock (OC) of a transmitting and / or receiving device (13, 14) by means of a system oscillator (1, 11), in which at least one control signal (PS, FS, JS, IS, AO), which in the transmitting and / or receiving device (13, 14) is present, is evaluated and the system oscillator (1, 11) in response to the at least one control signal (PS , FS, JS, iS, AO) is driven to change its frequency, characterized, the at least one control signal comprises at least one Einlocksignal (PS, FS, JS, IS), which by a phase locked loop (3) (SC) for transmitting and / or receiving means for generating a symbol clock (13, 14) in response to the system clock (OC) is generated, and that the Einlocksignal (PS, FS, JS, IS) is evaluated to determine whether the phase locked loop (3) locks up, and that the system oscillator (1, 11) is driven to change its frequency when the phase locked loop (3) does not locks up ,


Since the beginning of the 20" century rock art in Bohuslän has traditional ly been interpreted, on the basis of its adjacent location to the clay-soil plains, as an indicator ofpermanent pastoral or agrarian settlement units. However, recent results of the first substantial and extensi ve shoreline study, covering the whole of Bohuslän, have shown that, during the entire Bronze Age, many of these lower, claysoil plains were in fact sea bottoms in shallow bays. On the basis of these results new measurement of the rock art panels and the surrounding terrain were made. The study showed that many rock carvings had been placed on or near the contemporary shore during the Bronze Age. It therefore seemed essential to present new questions about the social and ritual behaviour, as manifested by the rock art in these particular areas. It is here suggested that the rock art in the investigated area may be a materialised reflection of seasonal maritime interactions during the Bronze Age.


The focus of this article is a macro theoretical paradigm for management communication, which clarifies relationships among the factors that in fluence persuasion. Specifically, the paper includes a strategic model for making choices among persuasive options. According to the model, choices about communication messages and media are a function of the relative force (effectiveness, efficiency, and quality) o f the available options. A compari son of the strength of the given choices provides an assessment of relative force. The force o f a specific option, in turn, arises from the message sender's persuasive goals and receiver's probable response.


With the recent release of genome assemblies for the NAM parents, we review the impact that the maize NAM population has had on the community and discuss its utility as we move into a new era of genomics. It has been just over a decade since the release of the maize (Zea mays) Nested Association Mapping (NAM) population. The NAM population has been and continues to be an invaluable resource for the maize genetics community and has yielded insights into the genetic architecture of complex traits. The parental lines have become some of the most well-characterized maize germplasm, and their de novo assemblies were recently made publicly available. As we enter an exciting new stage in maize genomics, this retrospective will summarize the design and intentions behind the NAM population; its application, the discoveries it has enabled, and its influence in other systems; and use the past decade of hindsight to consider whether and how it will remain useful in a new age of genomics.


In a series of experiments, we studied the effects of Al concentrations, OH:Al and P:Al ratios, and ionic strength on soybean root length after 4 days' growth in nutrient solutions approximating soil solutions. Additions of NaOH and NaH2PO4.2H2O solutions decreased the concentrations of monomeric Al species in solution, Al polymers being formed with Al concentrations ≤50 μM originally in solution but not at concentrations ≥100 μM Al. In nutrient solutions with ionic strengths ≤900 μM, the Al polymers formed remained in solution, but were not detected in solutions with higher ionic strengths. Soybean root elongation was reduced severely with Al concentrations of ≥10 μM. The toxic effect of Al was ameliorated by the addition of OH or P through the reduction of monomeric Al species in solution. A close curvilinear relationship was observed between relative root length (%) (y) and Σ activities (μM) of the monomeric Al species in solution (x) (y = 14.9972 + 99.163 exp(-0.130605x); R = 0.950***), irrespective of the initial Al concentration, the concentration of polymeric Al species in solution, ionic strength, solution nutrient composition, P concentration, or pH. It appeared that one or more of the monomeric Al species was responsible for the toxic effect of Al on soybean root growth, and that the ameliorating effect of OH and P resulted from the reduction in the concentration of monomeric Al in solution, either through polymerization or precipitation of Al.


According the characteristics of the tasks and the messages transmitted in Networked Control System,the CPN model of NCS is established. The model is detecting by using the simulation facility provided by CPN tools. It indicates the model is validated. Keyword: 1553B bus,Networked Control System,Coloured Petri Nets


The operational planning problem typically determines both the plant's aggregate and daily production targets to meet product demands over a long time horizon varying from one to three months. The daily production profile generated from the operational planning level is used to schedule the day-to-day operations of the plant. In this paper, we first extend the production disaggregation model framework proposed by Verderame and Floudas, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2008, 47, 4845-4860 to develop a novel mixed-integer linear programming operational planning model based on discrete-time representation for a large-scale multiproduct continuous plant. We allow unused processing time to carry over from one day to the next and thus capture the continuous time nature of the plant. The production totals are disaggregated into a feasible distribution of daily production requirements, and daily production profiles are provided to meet the requirements of the medium-term scheduling model developed by Shaik and Floudas, Comput. Chem. Eng. 2009, 33, 670-686. Then, we extend the work of Lin et al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2004, 28, 1069-1085 and Janak et al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2007, 31, 171-195 to address various forms of demand amount and due date uncertainty. The computational results show that the proposed deterministic and robust planning models successfully provide tight upper bounds on the plant's true production capacity.


Our model is based on the model studied by Langer [1] and in more detail by Langer and Žofka [2]. In these papers we studied a toy closed universe which is flat except of a thin spherical shell. The model was constructed in the framework of the Israel formalism [3]. In this approach the history of a thin shell of matter is described by the time-like hypersurface Σ which divides the spacetime into two parts V− and V+. The hypersuface Σ is a common boundary of V− and V+; consequently its intrinsic metric induced by the geometries in both regions must be the same. However, the extrinsic curvatures of Σ in V− and V+ are in general different. The jump in projections of the extrinsic curvature tensors on Σ determines the surface energy-momentum tensor of matter on Σ.


Analytical results are presented for the mean-square dimensions of star-branched nonreversal random walk polymers on a tetrahedral lattice considering short-chain effects and the influence of the core (centre) of the star. They are checked against numerical results obtained from highly precise Monte Carlo calculations. Short-chain effects are studied in detail. In addition, the deviation from proportionality between mean-square dimensions and the total chain-length is evaluated and compared to that for self-avoiding chains and stars near theta-conditions, the total chain-lengths ranging from 125 to 3845 segments.


Spontaneous liquid-liquid slug (bislug) flow in microchannels has been observed for both circular and square cross sections. Flow is induced via an imbalance in interfacial tensions and curvatures between the two gas-liquid surfaces and the liquid-liquid surface. Bislug flow in square cross-section microchannels is generally much quicker than bislug flow in circular capillaries for a variety of reasons; including the self-wetting nature of the microchannel and the decrease in viscous resistance in the corners.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The invention provides a data isolation device based on a non-network mode, and an isolation method and an isolation system thereof. The data isolation device comprises an intranet host, an extranet host, and an isolated communication module. The intranet host and the extranet host are loaded with a network protocol stack, and respectively maintain a TCP proxy client module and a TCP proxy server module. A TCP connection socket1 is established and data forwarding is carried out between the TCP proxy server module and a service data packet client. A TCP connection socket2 is established and data forwarding is carried out between the TCP proxy client module and a service data packet server. The isolated communication module uses a proprietary protocol. The TCP header and following message headers of a service data packet are removed. Only pure service data load forwarding is carried out. Four-layer isolated subsystem communication between inner-end and outer-end hosts is realized on the whole, all network attacks except proprietary-protocol-based internal attacks are effectively prevented, and high network data exchange efficiency is ensured on the premise of physical isolation between the internal network and the external network.


The general advantages of Zn/AgO batteries are high specific energy, high discharge rate capability, good charge acceptance, and low self-discharge rate. However, the principal disadvantages of high cost and short cycle life have limited the use of this battery to applications where high specific energy is the prime requisite, such as military and flight applications, portable electronic equipment, etc. The major objectives of this research project are to improve the Zn/AgO cell cycle life and increases its performance. The redistribution of Zn active material (shape change) and the growth of Zn dendrites (which leads to cell shorting) have been identified as primary factors that limit the cycle-life performance of Zn/AgO cells. These phenomena can be largely overcome by improvements in separator materials, and by additives to the electrode and electrolyte. Recent development work on Zn/AgO cells has been concentrated in the area of Zn electrode and separator improvements to extend the lifetimes of cells.


The University of Wisconsin Survey Center (UWSC) conducted the ninth Undergraduate Survey during the spring semester of the 2005-06 academic year. (The survey was conducted annually from 1993 to 1998, in 2000, and again in 2003.) As in previous years, a random sample of UWMadison undergraduates was selected. The sample was drawn in the fall of 2005, and fielded February 1, 2006. Interviews were completed for a total of 1303 students, who were interviewed by telephone midway through the semester. The students were asked questions to assess student attitudes, engagement, and satisfaction with many aspects of campus life.


Urbanization in India is more rapid around the major cities in India.Increase in industrial activities, population both endemic and floatingand vehicular population etc. have led to a number of environmentalproblems,oneofthembeingairpollution.Variouscontaminantscontinuouslyentertheatmospherethroughnaturalandman-madeprocessesandthesecontaminantsinteractwiththeenvironmenttocausedisease,toxicity,environmentaldecayandarelabeledaspollutant. Air Pollutants means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance(including noise) present in the atmosphere in such concentration asmay be or tend to be injurious to human beings or other living creaturesorplants orproperty orenvironment.Urban pollution refers to thepresence or introduction of hazardous or harmful substances in citiesand urban regions, Natural sources may contribute to urban pollution,but human-related emissions are by far the worst. Due to the localconcentration of people and human activity, anthropogenic sources ofpollution, such as factories, industries, transportation, and so forth, arefrequentlymade worse in cities. Serious attention should be given tothe need for improving urban strategies, which promote efficiency inresourceuse.Thepresentstudyanalysisresultstherelationshipbetween the levels of urbanization and the percentage of air pollution inselected area of Chennai. This paper tries to assess the forecasting of airquality and human health due to air pollution loads and human healthimpacts on major road networks of Greater Chennai. The aim of thestudy focuses on objectives to environment in Chennai city to estimatethe problems of air pollution environment in Challenge in Chennai cityandsuggesthealthcostofvehicularpollutionandtosuggesttheGovernment measure to control air pollution in environment Chennaicity.


Composite article (10) includes a generally cylindrical body (12) having an internal grid structure (22) interleaved with casing layers (16, 18, 19 ) formed of reinforcing fibers disposed in a resin matrix. The composite article is utilized in a fan case containment system for aircraft engine applications. Methods for fabricating the composite article are also provided.


The infiltration basin constructed in the GABARDINE project in Rio Seco stream (Algarve, Portugal) was rehabilitated during MARSOL project and a new infiltration test has been performed. The hydrogeological framework is presented and the new infiltration test is described and interpreted. The results are similar to those obtained during GABARDINE project, with calculated infiltration rates varying with water height. When the infiltration basin is saturated and the water level is more than 0.16 m above the ground surface the infiltration rate raises to values of more than 1.19 m/day. The increasing rate of water level variation registered near the end of the filling stage of the infiltration basin indicates a lower porosity stratum that clues the presence of clogged stratum near the surface.


A process for spirulina deodorization relating to a kind of spirulina, particularly, a method of deodoeization by means of fermentation. And an effective method for spirulina deodorization is provided. Steps are, spirulina wall-breaking; adding glucose into already wall-broken spirulina liquid, inoculating active dried yeast, fermenting. Said spirulina wall-breaking by means of enzymolysis-isotropic wall-breaking and its steps are, adopting lysozyme enzymolysis, after enzymolysis to be crushed evenly. In the best conditions of technique, said wall-broken spirulina liquid containing slight fresh flavor and keeping original color.


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