The Solid State Induction type modulator was developed at KEK for the JLC project. This modulator was designed for tunnel installation. The modulator consists of two oil-filled tanks; the first is for two klystrons and the second for the pulse transformer. The pulse transformer consists from 42 cores made from Finmet3 material, each core is driven by voltage of 3.2 kV by two IGBT plates in parallel, and one of them has core reset circuits. The total numbers of IGBT plates are 84. Each core has one turn at the primary and transformer has four turns for secondary. This modulator can drive: short up to 1.6 microsecond, high voltage up to 500 kV pulse with current up to 540 A for two X-band 75 MW klystrons. The pulse top flatness is 2%. The expected modulator efficiency is about 75%. The step #1 of the modulator test was done in the summer of 2005 [1], 300 kV of output voltage and full current at 1 pps was achieved.


The 13C NMR spectra and the temperature‐dependent 1H NMR spectra of a series of NR2‐substituted pyridines and pyrones were studied, and the 13C chemical shifts and the rotational barriers about the exocyclic partial C,N double bonds were compared with the corresponding values for suitable pyridinium, pyrylium and thiopyrylium salts. The NMR spectroscopic results are discussed in the light of the electronic state and mesomerism in the species studied; the salts in question should be named, from the electronic point of view, more realistically as bridged pentamethine cyanines rather than pyridinium, pyrylium and thiopyrylium salts.


The current stage in the development of sport dance requires from athletes continuous development and improvement of various aspects of fitness, mastering a certain amount of technical arsenal and highquality execution of complex coordination elements in the conditions of competitive activity. Since the stage of preparation for higher achievements is associated with the choice of in-depth specialization, it is during this period that improvement of the aspects of fitness that greatly contribute to the achievement of a high result is necessary. Objective. To study the problems of development and improvement of coordination abilities in sport dance. Methods. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature, questionnaires, pedagogical observation.  Results. Improving coordination abilities of athletes specialized in sport dance with account for the differences between standard and Latin American programs is a prerequisite for fulfillment of the tasks of the preparation stage for higher achievements. It has been established that this can be achieved through the development of a specialized set of exercises to improve the components of coordination abilities, taking into account the specificity of complex coordination elements that are components of competitive programs. It has been found that the selection of exercises, which would greatly correspond to the specifics and structure of the movement of each dance of the programs and ensure the high requirements for their implementation, which brings forward each element, is of great importance. It has been shown that the educational and methodical problems of sports training and improvement of various aspects of fitness are not sufficiently studied and considered in available scientific literature. A significant obstacle, which does not allow to transfer a method of improving coordination abilities from other sports events, is the differences in working with a partner, the support, spatial orientation even between programs, and may lead to a deterioration of the basic compositional structure of fitness, necessary for sport dance.


This paper describes how a public transportation system in a mid-sized southern state was assessed in regard to its adequacy in providing transportation services. The paper begins by discussing the trends in current transportation patterns, funding of public transit, and special populations served by public transit. A case study is presented of a transit system that was experiencing what has become a typical problem for transit systems across the U.S.: intensified public and political pressures caused by funding cuts and unfunded mandates from the federal government. Findings from the case study are offered with recommendations for change. The results of the study are then given and discussed.


Time series prediction models have played a vital role in guiding effective policymaking and response during the COVID-19 pandemic by predicting future cases and deaths at the country, state, and county levels. However, for emerging diseases, there is not sufficient historic data to fit traditional supervised prediction models. In addition, such models do not consider human mobility between regions. To mitigate the need for supervised models and to include human mobility data in the prediction, we propose Spatial Probabilistic Contrastive Predictive Coding (SP-CPC) which leverages Contrastive Predictive Coding (CPC), an unsupervised time-series representation learning approach. We augment CPC to incorporate a covariate mobility matrix into the loss function, representing the relative number of individuals traveling between each county on a given day. The proposal distribution learned by the algorithm is then sampled by the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to give a final prediction of the number of COVID-19 cases. We find that the model applied to COVID-19 data can make accurate short-term predictions, more accurate than ARIMA and simple time-series extrapolation methods, one day into the future. However, for longer-term prediction windows of seven or more days into the future, we find that our predictions are not as competitive and require future research.


A method for the detection of X-radiation of an X-ray source, - specified in which upon arrival of a photon of X-ray on a sensor, an electrical pulse (6, 6a, 6b, 6c) is generated with a characteristic of the energy of the photon pulse height (2), wherein a number of threshold energies (8, 12) and upon exceeding which the respective energy corresponding pulse height (2) in each case a signal (10, 14, 16) is output, and wherein at least one of the threshold energy (12) is set such that it the output higher than the maximum energy from the X-ray source X-ray spectrum is, and - in the case of non below the respective predetermined threshold energy (12) a signal (16) is output within a predetermined time period.


The integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) problem with general state and channel distributions is investigated. General formulas of the capacity-distortion tradeoff for the ISAC problem under maximal and average distortion constraints are provided. The results cover some existing communication models such as the general point-to-point channel and Gel'fand-Pinsker channel. More details including memoryless states and channels, mixed states and channels, and rate-limited CSI at one side are considered. Numerical results focus on writing-on-dirty paper model and channel with ergodic/non-ergodic fading.


It is possible to find various antennas in the literature covering the UWB frequency range stretching between 3.1 GHz and 10.6 GHz, as the UWB technology has gained much popularity in the recent years. These antennas have some deficiencies. Some of these antennas are electrically large, so it is difficult to use them in array environments and some of them have acceptable time domain behaviors up to a limited frequency, only. For example, the circular slot antenna investigated in [1] has a width of more than 29 mm, corresponding to 0.64 λ at the central frequency of the UWB band (6.6 GHz), which makes it difficult to use this antenna in array environments. Similarly, a planar bell-shaped antenna investigated in [2] has the same electrically big size problem; the maximum size of the antenna is 86 mm which corresponds to 0.89 λ at 6.6 GHz.


Abstract In this study, iron concentrate and blast furnace dust were used as raw materials, and graphite was used as a reducing agent for mixing and briquetting. The briquettes were roasted in a high-temperature tube furnace at different temperatures and held for a certain time to simulate the pre-reduction sintering process. The effects of dust content, reduction time, and reduction temperature on the removal rate of zinc, potassium, and sodium and the metallization rate of the pre-reduction sintered products were investigated. The reduced briquettes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy to further explore the mechanisms of zinc, potassium, and sodium removal. The Zn removal rate and metallization rate increased gradually with the increase in dust content, reaching 97.57% and 87.14% at 30% dust content, respectively. Both K and Na removal rates reached a maximum of 83.57% and 94.78%, respectively, at 25% dust content. With the increase in reduction time and temperature, the removal rate of the three elements and the metallization rate gradually increased. When the briquettes with 20% blast furnace (BF) dust content were reduced at 1,200℃ for 20 min, the removal rates of zinc, potassium, and sodium reached 95.66%, 79.97%, and 91.49%, respectively, and the metallization rate reached 84.77%. It shows that the pre-reduction sintering process can effectively remove Zn, K, and Na from the BF dust and meet the requirements of subsequent BF production. The research results can provide some theoretical basis for industrial production.


Abstract In the interview, Professor Sripada reflects on his experience of close to 40 years at the top level in human capital function of major public, private and MNC companies. He outlines the evolution of executive education (EE) since the 1980s, the need to integrate it with other HR subsystems and the importance of measuring business outcomes. He elucidates the difference between education and training to understand where the value-add of EE comes from. He recommends three steps to improve the impact of EE in India. Additionally, he gives his views on how to allocate budgets and the role of top management in leveraging EE.


Purpose – This paper aims to examine the benefits and challenges of enacting cross‐sector alliances as a strategy to meet the health leadership capacity and capability requirements to effect improvements in health service delivery.Design/methodology/approach – The findings originate from two case studies of cross‐sector alliances in Canada.Findings – Value generated by strategic alliances in health with organisations from public, private and civil sectors is accrued at the inter‐organisational, organisational, group and individual level. Obstacles related to mindsets, operations and governance guiding the partnerships were identified which further an understanding of the advantages and constraints for using cross‐sector alliances as a strategy for large‐scale health leadership development.Research limitations/implications – Future research could investigate whether other factors influence the overall success of using an alliance strategy which may lead to a more comprehensive understanding of large‐scale ...


Vehicle Detection is an important part in intelligent transportation system (ITS) and driver assistance system. Considering vehicles have strong edges and lines in different orientation and scales, in this paper, we presents a method for detecting vehicles based on a feature named Pyramid Histogram of Oriented Gradient. This feature provides spatial distribution information of edges which was often ignored by other features. Specifically, we extract PHOG features from a traffic image and a vector is obtained as representation of this image. In order to speed up the process of calculation, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm is applied to these vectors to reduce their dimensionality. Tests show the efficiency improved significantly. Theses representative vectors are then used to train SVM classifier. To ensure the final classification accuracy, we adopt Particles Swarm Optimization (PSO) method to gain the parameters used in SVM classification. Optimal parameters correspond with optimal result. Experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach which has achieved an average accuracy of 95% on test images.


This research paper seeks to study the status of tourism promotion in Jordan, in particular via the Internet, with a future plan to develop this type of promotion based on the needs of the country .The aim of this research paper is to draw conclusions that help to know and understand this type of tourism promotion, And to know how to develop it in Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to disseminate the maximum information about the Kingdom. This research paper is designed to determine the conditions of websites used in tourism promotion of Jordan, to find out the obstacles that face this type of promotion via websites, and the factors that affect its development .The findings and recommendations implied by this research paper will be presented to decision-makers in Jordan tourism sector to be taken into account. The research paper adopted carefully a survey form which is designed to collect data and information. It is used to know the trends and opinions of the research paper sample. The results showed that the tourism promotion through the Internet helps to increase competition in the prices of tourism, while the website design helps to spread information about the tourism offers. Both sexes consider that the website design as a means helps to ensure the information veracity of tourism offers. The research paper recommended to continue development of the role of tourism promotion through the Internet in spreading information about the tourism offers, so as to achieve the greatest possible benefits.


The authors propose a neural network chip that can organize the connection weight of each synapse with 125 neurons so that it can learn on chip. The chip employs the mixed design architecture of digital and analog circuits in a 1.0-μm CMOS technology. The chip operates more than 1000 times faster than conventional computers


Submanifolds of finite type were introduced by B. -Y. Chen([2]) about ten years ago. Many works have been done in characterizing or classifying submanifolds in Euclidean space with this notion. On the other hand, the Gauss map is one of the most useful tools to study submanifolds of Euclidean space. In a work of finite type theory, B,-Y. Chen and pp. Piccini ([3]) studied compact submanifolds with finite type Gauss map. In general, non-compact manifolds are usually difficult to be handled. In this article we are going to deal with a part of the following most general question: What kind of surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean space have 1-type Gauss map\ulcorner


Elisabeth Kubler-Ross provided an impetus for physicians and patients to begin thinking in new ways—or to begin thinking at all—about death and dying. Kubler-Ross' work led to expectations about ch...


The present article employs the non-standard Galerkin finite element method to discuss the weighted L2 model of the strange parabolic equation and |||·||| model error estimate,and analyses the quasilinear singular parabolic equation,getting the error estimates of the weighted L2 model |||·||| model.


Drop weight impact testing was utilized to inflict damage on eight-ply bidirectional and unidirectional samples of carbon/epoxy and carbon/PEEK (polyetheretherketone) test specimens with impact energies ranging from 0.80 J to 1.76 J. The impacting tip was of a smaller diameter (4.2-mm) than those used in most previous studies, and the specimens were placed with a diamond wheel wafering saw through the impacted area perpendicular to the outer fibers. Photographs at 12 x magnification were taken of these cross-sections and examined. The results on the bidirectional samples show little damage until 1.13 J, at which point delaminations were seen in the epoxy specimens. The PEEK specimens showed less delamination than the epoxy specimens for a given impact energy level. The unidirectional specimens displayed more damage than the bidirectional samples for a given impact energy, with the PEEK specimens showing much less damage than the epoxy material.


A Fala is the name of an Ibero-Romance language of the Galician-Portuguese branch located in Sierra de Gata (Caceres, Extremadura). It has three dialects: Valverdeiru, Lagarteiru and Manegu. There are not many descriptive studies of the language. Our goal is to determine the intonation of A Fala and its varieties, specifically the most frequent nuclear contours in declaratives, yes-no questions and wh-questions. We recorded 12 speakers in semi-spontaneous and read speech, and analyzed the main intonational contours using Autosegmental-Metrical Theory. The results show a preference for specific nuclear contours in the three sentence types, (L+)H* L%. There are differences between semi-spontaneous and read speech related to the latter's formal character. In read speech, speakers present nuclear contours similar to those found in Central Spanish, their language of education. Pending a detailed comparison with Spanish, Galician and Portuguese, it appears that there are two intonation groups among the Fala dialects: the Valverdeiru variety displays nuclear contours that are closer to those of Central Spanish, while those found in Lagarteiru and Manegu are more similar to the Galician-Portuguese type.


Four groups of unanesthetized rats were infused with standardized volumes of 1.46 M (50% w/v) sucrose solutions through chronically indwelling arterial catheters. The excretion of water and solutes...


The paper describes the design of submerged repeaters for use in tandem on shallow-water cables, together with the special terminal equipment required. This has become a standard system in the British Post Office, and provides 60 speech circuits on a single-cable both-way basis. It was first applied to the England-Netherlands route, where each of two cables has been equipped with four repeaters.


We treat the problem of reconstructing a signal from its nonideal samples where the sampling and reconstruction spaces as well as the class of input signals can be arbitrary subspaces of a Hilbert space. Our formulation is general, and includes as special cases reconstruction from finitely many samples as well as uniform-sampling of continuous-time signals, which are not necessarily bandlimited. To obtain a good approximation of the signal in the reconstruction space from its samples, we suggest two design strategies that attempt to minimize the squared-norm error between the signal and its reconstruction. The approaches we propose differ in their assumptions on the input signal: If the signal is known to lie in an appropriately chosen subspace, then we propose a method that achieves the minimal squared error. On the other hand, when the signal is not restricted, we show that the minimal-norm reconstruction cannot generally be obtained. Instead, we suggest minimizing the worst-case squared error between the reconstructed signal, and the best possible (but usually unattainable) approximation of the signal within the reconstruction space. We demonstrate both theoretically and through simulations that the suggested methods can outperform the consistent reconstruction approach previously proposed for this problem.


This paper aims at reviewing the recent trends in the field of ultrasonics for nondestructive
testing (NDT) of engineering materials and components. Latest developments in the application of
ultrasonics for the nondestructive testing (NDT) of engineering materials and components are
highlighted. Promising future directions in these areas are identified.


Significance Histone H2AX elicits proper DNA repair through its phosphorylation by ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase. While ATM senses reactive oxygen species, the role of H2AX in the maintenance of redox homeostasis remains unknown. Here we establish that H2AX deletion leads to impairment of mitochondrial function and repression of the mitochondrial biogenesis gene PGC-1α. Restoring PGC-1α abrogates mitochondrial deficits and mitigates cell death. This study unveils a role for H2AX in mitochondrial homeostasis associated with neuroprotection. Phosphorylation of histone H2AX is a major contributor to efficient DNA repair. We recently reported neurobehavioral deficits in mice lacking H2AX. Here we establish that this neural failure stems from impairment of mitochondrial function and repression of the mitochondrial biogenesis gene PGC-1α. H2AX loss leads to reduced levels of the major subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in the striatum, a brain region particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial damage. These defects are substantiated by disruption of the mitochondrial shape in H2AX mutant cells. Ectopic expression of PGC-1α restores mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes and mitigates cell death. H2AX knockout mice display increased neuronal death in the brain when challenged with 3-nitropronionic acid, which targets mitochondria. This study establishes a role for H2AX in mitochondrial homeostasis associated with neuroprotection.


Resumo— This paper presents a technique to identify power system dominant modes from output signals that are measured at some selected sites. The interest is related to electromechanical oscillation modes (modes ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 Hz). The method considers output signals which may be corrupted with noise. The latter is minimized (denoised) by using a process based on wavelets transform. Poles and residues associated to a transfer function are identified and used to assess the performance of the technique. Tests are performed on two power systems derived from a database representing the Brazilian interconnected power grid. The method is adequate to identify modal characteristics extracted from synchronized phasor measurement systems.


In recent times, the photosynthetic microorganisms are receiving increasing attention in view of their anaerobic autotrophic nature and diverse metabolism. They have immense potential of biosynthetic and biodegradative activity in addition to having capacity of 100% hydrogen production ability under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.. Further, they can exist both under dark and light. In view of their specialized ecological niche, they need special conditions for their growth. Inspite of their uniqueness, they have been little studied. PNSB physiology, production of metabolites, production of industrial enzymes, and production of hydrogen under different conditions are critically nalysed. A water pollution remediation anoxygenic phototropic purple non sulphur bacterium is also included in this part. The genetic transformation of the bacteria for possible application in enhancing their metabolite production, biofuel production and bioremediation capabilities under different environmental conditions is also discussed.


Initial results are presented from a simple technique that has been developed to investigate the utility of satellite rain estimation over the intermountain west of the United States during the summer season. Gage information is relatively sparse over this region, and convective rainfall is strongly modulated by orographic influences; the semiarid character of the region often results in substantial evaporation of precipitation beneath high cloud bases. The rain estimation technique described here obtains results that are generally comparable with the Adler/Negri CST technique.


Study on the efficiency of the Na3PW12O40/SiO2 in the photocatalytic degradation was carried out under different conditions. Methyl violet was used as the aims of degradation and a low pressure mercury lamp was taken as light source (25W). The results show the optimal reaction condions are that the amount of the catalyst is 0.09g/L, the initial concentration of methyl violet solution is 2mg/L and the initial acidity is pH=1. The reaction of photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet with Na3PW12O40/SiO2 follows the characteristic first-order reaction kinetics.


The Kamar-e-Mehdi Formation (Callovian – Oxfordian) is the fill of a shelf lagoon situated in the western and central parts of the so-called Tabas Block for a N-S distance of 200-300 km. From the predominantly fine-grained carbonates, which in the depocenter reach more than 1000 m in thickness, 69 taxa of bivalves are described, which differ greatly in their preservation depending on their original shell mineralogy. Aragonitic taxa are only preserved as internal or composite moulds, whereas calcitic taxa occur in shell preservation. New to science is the pectinid Camptonectes (Grandinectes) teres subgen. nov. et sp. nov. and the pholadomyid Agrawalimya tubularis sp. nov. Most of the taxa are common also in the Middle und Upper Jurassic of Europe. Exceptions are the genera Agrawalimya, which so far is known only from the Callovian of Kachchh, western India, and Neoburmesia, which is solely known from Japan.


1. magnitozhidkostnym nonmagnetic shaft seal, comprising an annular permanent magnet and the adjacent pole-top box, a magnetic fluid, characterized in that on the surfaces of the pole-top boxes, facing the nonmagnetic shaft formed annular elements - the grooves, the teeth, projections, hubs having sharp edges located at the surface of the shaft, and the magnetic fluid is introduced into the gap between the shaft and the pole attachments. ! 2. magnitozhidkostnym nonmagnetic shaft seal according to claim 1, characterized in that the pole elements are designed as attachments to teeth rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal or other shape or in combination. ! 3. magnitozhidkostnym nonmagnetic shaft seal according to claim 1, characterized in that the pole elements are designed as attachments grooves rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal or other shape or in combination.


Forestry pest cause destroying to forest ecosystem,it has influence on forest quality and system function,ecological security of land,harmonious relationships between human beings and nature and even human health,which has became a great obstacle to ecological construction and rapid development of forestry.To construct the society of beautiful landscape and ecological civilization in China can not get away from healthy forest.In this paper,the control situation of forestry pest at present was analyzed,and some measures for perfecting the control work of forestry pest under new situation were put forward.


The results of studies on the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of irradiated proteins show that an unpaired electron is localized in some sort of trap in the irradiated protein molecule (super-fine splitting of the EPR signal), and that the multiplet form of the spectrum is due to the presence of cystine and cysteine in the irradiated molecule. If the electron could be liberated from the trap, the form of the EPR signal shouid become that of a singlet, and the intensity of the signal should decrease. To test this hypothesis, dried protein samples of pepsin, serum and egg albumin, dried rabbit muscle tissue, and denatured pepsin were subjected to a gamma radiation dose of 5 to 10 million r at room temperature in a vacuum of about 10/sup -3/ mm Hg std. The irradiated samples at room temperature gave a doublet EPR signal on a background of a cysteine'' multiplet structure. The shape of the spectrum did not change on cooling the irradiated samples to -- 196 deg C. On irradiating the irradiated samples with the light from a mercury vapor lamp in the region of 365 to 750 mu , no change in the EPR spectrum could bemore » detected. On irradiating the irradiated protein samples with infrared light from a muffle furnace with a wavelength of 3.5 mu (energy of 0.34 ev) for 2 to 3 hours, the EPR doublet signal at liquid nitrogen temperatures was converted to a singlet having a total width less than the total width of the doublet. The cysteine'' background signal did not change. The pepsin denatured by boiling maintained the doublet form of the EPR spectrum. The infrared irradiation mobilized the trapped electron, and converted the free radical formed by irradiation to a chemically active form which could react with the surrounding molecules. (TTT)« less


An enzyme can reduce chromium ions and increase toxicity. Chemistry may reduce the number of unpopped kernels. Nanotubes provide scaffolding for bone growth. A new method will aid fabrication of drug-delivery agents.


The bound and scattering states of the many-body systems, related to the short-range Dyson model, are studied. The Hamiltonian for the full-line problem is connected to decoupled oscillators. The analytically obtainable eigenstates are smaller in number as compared to the Calogero-Sutherland family, indicating the quasiexactly solvable nature of these models. The exactly found scattering states, a smaller set as compared to the Calogero case, can be realized as coherent states. The relation of the scattering Hamiltonian to free particles is also established algebraically. We analyze both A{sub N-1} and BC{sub N} models on a circle and construct a part of the excitation spectrum by making use of the symmetry arguments.


In this paper, the inorganic–organic composite flocculant (PAC/PMAPTAC) was prepared with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and the self-made PMAPTAC. Then, the flocculation sedimentation experiment was used to evaluate the flocculation performance of single floccu- lant PAC, PMAPTAC and the composite flocculant PAC/PMAPTAC in dyeing wastewater. At the same time, the flocculation effect of PAC/PDMDAAC was compared with that of PAC/ PMAPTAC under the same condition. Finally, the flocculation mechanism was analyzed by zeta potential and floc morphology. The results showed that compared with PAC, the flocculation performance of composite flocculant PAC/PMAPTAC could be markedly improved, resulting in the higher decolorization rate and COD Mn removal rate. Besides, the increase of (η) or content of PMAPTAC in PAC/PMAPTAC could enhance the decolorization rate and COD Mn removal rate simultaneously. Furthermore, the lower dosage was required to achieve the best removal effect, which meant that the cost of the flocculant was reduced. Moreover, the comparison of flocculation performance turned out that the decolorization rate and COD Mn removal rate of PAC/PMAPTAC were higher than those of PAC/PDMDAAC under the same condition. Finally, the zeta potential and floc morphology analysis showed that the flocculation mecha- nism of the reactive dye simulated wastewater was mainly charge neutralization and adsorption bridging. The above results not only fill the gaps in the research of PAC/PMAPTAC during the treatment of dyeing wastewater, but also provide an experimental basis for its application in dyeing wastewater and expand the application fields of PMAPTAC.


Up to date, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the most precisely tested quantum field theory. Nevertheless, particularly in the high-intensity regime it predicts various phenomena that so far have not directly been accessible in all-optical experiments, such as photon-photon scattering phenomena induced by quantum vacuum fluctuations. Here, we focus on all-optical signatures of quantum vacuum effects accessible in the high-intensity regime of electromagnetic fields. We present an experimental setup giving rise to signal photons distinguishable from the background. This configuration is based on two optical pulsed petawatt lasers: one generates a narrow but high-intensity scattering center to be probed by the other one. We calculate the differential number of signal photons attainable with this field configuration analytically and compare it with the background of the driving laser beams.


Research on paternal parenting after divorce indicated that children benefit from authoritative parenting. Fathers are not equally likely to be authoritative. Research on differences in divorced fathers' parenting styles remains underdeveloped. We sought to address this gap, investigating the predictors of paternal parenting styles following divorce. First, latent class analysis was utilized to derive parenting styles for divorced fathers. Second, predictors of these styles were investigated with multinomial logistic regression. Analyses examined Belgian data on 404 children (49.01% girls) and their parents. Results reveal that important predictors include not only father and child characteristics but also mother characteristics and divorce-related characteristics. The findings therefore lend support to the idea of studying paternal parenting following divorce within a multilateral family framework.


The maternal–fetal interface is a key barrier to protect the fetus from infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) at the maternal–fetal interface are involved in antiviral responses. TLRs are expressed in both maternal decidua and fetal trophoblasts. Virus-induced activation of TLR signaling pathways triggers the release of interferon-related antiviral molecules and other inflammatory cytokines and/or chemokines by the host innate immune system, which may disrupt immune tolerance at the maternal–fetal interface and lead to pregnancy complications. In this review, we summarize the state of knowledge on the most common viral infections during pregnancy, antiviral TLR responses at the maternal–fetal interface, and TLR-associated pregnancy complications.


The Arctic region is a keystone to understand the present status of the currently ongoing Earth system, such as the climate change, together with to predict future images of our planet as viewed from the northern high latitude. The Arctic region, composed by the ice-covered Arctic Ocean in its center and surrounding fragmentation of major continents, has been rapidly investigated during the last half century


Abstract : This thesis discusses optical pulse discrimination in nonlinear resonators. The goal is to design a system which interacts strongly with an optical pulse of a specific temporal shape but rejects all others. The resonator is a Fabry-Perot cavity that has a nonlinear absorbing material in the center. When an optical field of the resonant frequency is incident upon the cavity, the field intensity increases inside the cavity. As this happens, the refractive index of the nonlinear material is modified by the intensity of the field. This causes the cavity to shift off resonance, since the change in index changes the relative wavelength of the optical field inside the cavity. This, in turn, causes the intensity in the middle section to decrease, since the frequency of the field is no longer matched to the resonance frequency of the cavity. However, if the incident field's frequency is dynamically changed to track the shifting resonance of the cavity, the intensity of the interior field can be built up higher than is possible with just monochromatic light. By looking at the total absorption in the cavity, it will be possible to determine whether or not a pulse of the correct temporal shape has passed through the system. The absorption is strongly dependent on the shape of the incoming pulse, since only a pulse that tracks the nonlinear change in index will build up to a high enough intensity to be measured.


The role of phospholipids in the function of the CaZ+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) has been extensively investigated (for a review, see Reference 1). While for optimal ATPase activity the enzyme requires a minimum number of fluid or suitable detergent^.^ Ca2+ transport has more stringent requirements in terms of lipid-protein interactions, and can be inhibited by minor modifications in lipid structure that do not inhibit ATPase activity.6 The present studies deal with the lipid requirement of the Ca2+-ATPase reaction, including the intermediate phosphorylation step, and with the selective inhibition of Ca2+ transport observed after modification of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) with fluorescamine. There is general agreement that a minimum number of about 30 moles of fluid lipids per mole of enzyme is required for optimal ATPase activity. However, the lipid requirement for phosphoenzyme formation remains controversial. We have found that delipidation of the CaZ+-ATPase with deoxycholate to levels below 30 moles of lipids per i05 g of protein [roughly equivalent to 30 moles per mole of enzyme) inhibits ATPase activity but not phosphoenzyme formation. The steadystate level of phosphoenzyme is inhibited only when the lipid content decreases below 20 moles per 10' g. The inhibition of both activities is reversible provided some residual phosphorylation activity is maintained. Below 10 moles per mole there is complete and irreversible inhibition of both activities. Using spin-label lipid probes we have previously reported that 20 out of the 70 moles of phospholipid per lo5 g of protein associated with the Ca2+-ATPase of SR have restricted motion, and presumably constitute the "boundary lipid" r e g i ~ n . ~ Hence, it appears that while inorganic phosphate liberation is inhibited before reaching the boundary lipid level, the formation of the phosphorylated intermediate is dependent on the boundary lipid region. The inhibition of phosphoenzyme formation might take place as a result of protein aggregation due to removal of the boundary lipids from the enzyme. The second part of this work deals with the inhibition of Ca2+ transport in SR as a result of labeling PE with fluorescamine. The inhibition is restricted to Caz+ transport, since neither the Ca2+-ATPase activity nor the passive permeability of the vesicles to Ca2+ is modified as a result of PE labeling! We propose that the inhibition of Ca2+ transport is due to a specific perturbation of the boundary lipid region. This proposal is supported by the finding that no changes in bulk lipid motion were observed as a result of PE labeling, plus the observation that fluorescamine-labeled PE establishes significant fluorescence energy transfer with the tryptophan residues of the enzyme, a donor-acceptor pair that requires close proximity for fluorescence energy transfer to occur. Furthermore, fluorescamine-labeled PE remains preferen tially associated with the Ca2+-ATPase upon


Geographical information systems (GIS) offer an integrated platform for relating, modeling and analyzing multiple perspectives on the road space. They can thus be employed in all stages of better understanding bicycle safety from an explicitly spatial perspective and provide the basis for informed decisions in the context of cycling promotion. In the following it is briefly sketched why safety issues need to be addressed in all cycling promotion initiatives. It is further shown how GIS can be employed in accident analysis and integrated safety risk models and how these single steps can be consolidated in a single workflow. The benefit of employing GIS in this context is demonstrated in a case study where a GIS modeling approach forms the basis of a routing application which recommends safe routes for bicyclists. Based on experiences from the case study and findings from literature a brief outlook describes the road ahead.


In this paper it is shown that it is possible to associate several polynomial ideals to a directed graph $D$ in order to find properties of it. In fact by using algebraic tools it is possible to give appropriate procedures for automatic reasoning on cycles and directed cycles of graphs.


This paper examines language teaching and learning theories in a bid to consider evolving and appropriate approaches and methods for efficient teaching and learning English as a second language in Nigeria. While traditional approaches do provide a solid foundation for effective language teaching, they do not always address students' situational and current needs. Hence, the study reveals that strategies and methods are evolving especially, in this hi-tech age, to meet such additional needs. Since no one theory or method is the best, the study recommends a principled eclectic approach for the effective and functional teaching and learning of English in Nigeria.  It also suggests processes that could enhance teaching and motivate learning in the ESL classroom.


Ti
 2
(PO
 4
)
 2
F
 4
·N
 2
C
 2
H
 10
 (MIL-6) and Ti
 2
(PO
 4
)
 2
F
 4
·N
 2
C
 3
H
 12
·H
 2
O were prepared hydrothermally (3 days, 453-483 K, autogenous pressure) in the presence of an organic template (ethylenediamine or 1,3-diaminopropane). The structures of Ti
 2
(PO
 4
)
 2
F
 4
·N
 2
C
 2
H
 10
1 and Ti
 2
(PO
 4
)
 2
F
 4
·N
 2
C
 3
H
 12
·H
 2
O 2 were determined ab initio from powder diffraction data. These structures exhibit different monoclinic distortions of the VOPO
 4
·2H
 2
O structure type. 1: space group P2
 1
/c (no. 14), a=7.508(1), b=8.881(1), c=8.961(1) A, β=107.22(1)° and V=570.8(1) A
 3
. 2: space group C2 (no. 5), a=16.820(2), b=6.333(2), c=6.331(2) A, β=106.20° and V=645.8(1) A
 3
. Both are layered compounds built up from TiO
 4
F
 2
 octahedra linked together by PO
 4
 tetrahedra; the Ti-F bonds are oriented perpendicularly to the layers which contain the diprotonated amine. The stability of the structures is ensured by the strong hydrogen bonding between the fluorine atoms and the amino groups.


The present invention relates to a decorative ornamental part with a carrier part of plastic and a decorative plate made of thin metal attached thereto, to the design of the interior space, in land, air or water vehicles, mainly for use as dashboard elements, central console or as door trim bars , A ready-made decorative panel is inserted into an injection mold and the supporting part is molded as a multi-color injection molding machine immediately to the rear of the decorative plate, such that both parts are connected together so firmly least in partial regions that they form a stable unit. In the surface of the decorative plate break-outs or recesses are formed, through which the plastic material of the carrier part engages round, which in this region of a transparent material. It is therefore possible that the recognizable from the visible side in the decorative plate decorative elements, display elements are illuminated from the back.


This paper is based upon the specimens of Psychodidae at the Zoological Survey of India (Z.S.I.)The main purpose is to redescribe the species described by Brunetti and assign them to their proper genera. Type data have been cited for all psychodid types at the Survey and lectotypes selected when necessary. A number of generic reassignments have been made, keys con structed for most species of genera other than Phlebotomus, two new species described from the Survey material, and additions made to the psychodid fauna of India. One month was spent at the Zoological Survey in I960. Through the courtesy of Dr. A. P. Kapur, Deputy Director and Dr. M. L. Roonwaal, Director of the Zoological Survey, specimens were made available and working space and equipment provided. Assisted by Mrs. S. M. Quate, who has executed the illustrations, all the type specimens of the Psychodidae at the Zoological Survey were examined, slides made, and drawings and redescriptions made where possible and desirable. Near the beginning of the century, the first serious work on the Psychodidae of India was done by E. Brunetti (1908-12) and N. Annandale (1908-11) at the Zoological Survey of India (then the Natural History Section), Indian Museum, Calcutta. Brunetti, a musician by profession and entomologist by interest, devoted much of his free time to the study of Indian Diptera. As funds permitted he was salaried by the Zoological Survey, but continued his studies whether reimbursed or not. In 1921 the government of India sent him to London to revise his work on Indian Diptera. Brunetti died in England six years later and his personal collections were bequeathed to the British Museum (Natural History). However, most of his psychodid types remain


In the food industry, especially conf ectionary field, the hard butter has been used in the form of solid/oil emulsion. Only practical recipe of confectionery was stuudied on the chocolate manufacturing about this emulsion, but scarce research result came to public. In the first step of this report, the viscosity of the binary system consisting of sugar and hard butter in the different conditions of oil content and temp was investigated. The viscosity reduction of this system was examined by means of adding lecithin and investigated the influence of lecithin content, 0.1% and 1.2% added to binary system. The viscosity was apt to be remarkably reduced in the range from 0.1 to 0.3% at temp, 35-60°C. But, over 0.5% of lecithin the change of viscosity was little. Hard butter from corn oil and cacao butter, too, were investigated, especially for the viscosity change during tempering of the butter, and increase of viscosity of cacao butter was tardies than the binary system of sugar and cacao butter with lecithin. On the binary system emulsion with sugar, the fine sugar particle was more viscous than the coarse.


This article deals with the experience in the development of medical simulation equipment for training of certain practical skills. The article presents a method used for determination of significant validity criteria a simulator must have. The work shows the means and economic reasonability of the development of high-fidelity simulator equipment in the conditions of an elementary simulation centre.


Circular Rydberg states are of increased interest for quantum simulation due to their long life times. In this thesis, the creation of circular Rydberg states in an ultracold atomic environment via an adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) circularization scheme is studied and preparatory measurements and calculations are carried out. A method to generate an electric radio frequency field, necessary for the circularization is implemented and characterized. Further, measurements were conducted to characterize the Rydberg F state which serves as an initial state for the ARP protocol. We find by applying state selective field ionization that the reliable preparation of Rydberg F states is strongly affected by the density of the atomic sample and misalignment of magnetic and electric field. Experimental evidence was found that the ARP is applicable to create circular Rydberg states at n = 56 in our setup. To study the ARP theoretically, a simulation was developed. We find that possible σ− polarization components of the used radio frequency field greatly reduce the fidelity of method.


Objective:To evaluate the effects of TGFβ1 on proliferation of human dental pulp cells of immature teeth in vitro .Method:The effects of TGFβ1 on proliferation of human dental pulp cells were assessed by MTT and ~3H-TdR. Result: TGFβ1 at the concentration of 0.1 ng/ml~100 ng/ml stimulated human dental pulp cells proliferation significantly. The stimulatory effects were in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion:TGFβ1 can stimulate the proliferation of human pulp cells, suggesting that it may play important roles during the process of human dentin-pulp repair.


The invention relates to an empty bottle wall defect detection method, which comprises the following steps: shooting two images by using a camera before and after the same empty bottle is rotated for 90 degrees during advancing, then transmitting the images to a CPU of an industrial personal computer to perform analysis on the images, and judging whether the bottle wall has defect. Image processing comprises the following steps: A, scanning edge point pairs on a bottle neck, positioning the bottle wall, and dividing a detection area of the bottle wall to perform subarea processing; B, pre-processing image data in the positioned area by adopting a grey stretching method; C, partitioning the images by adopting a maximum between-cluster variance method to acquire target information; and D, performing connectivity analysis on the partitioned bottle wall images, extracting characteristic data of each defect, and judging whether each detected connected domain has real defect according to the mass center position, posture ratio and area characteristic of the connected domain. The invention discloses a detection device used for the detection method at the same time. The detection method and the detection device are easily applied in detection equipment of an industrial flow line so as to realize automatic high-speed accurate detection on the empty bottle wall defect.


In 1993, as a joint effort of Eesti Energia and Foster Wheeler a pilot test program was established to determine key parameters for combustion of Estonian oil shale in fluidized-bed boilers. It was concluded that combustion of Estonian oil shale in a circulating fluidized-bed boiler can be successful if the following key points have been understood and taken into account in boiler design: attrition of the fuel and ash; fouling of convection heat surfaces; chlorine corrosion at high temperatures. This paper tells how the key problems above were solved and implemented in the new fluid-bed combustion boiler design for Narva power plants.


Background Preseason assessment is common in sports teams and aims to analyze athletes' physical and functional parameters. These data assist physical therapists to develop global and individualized injury prevention programs and to identify any improvement throughout the season. Objective To determine predictors for musculoskeletal injuries in youth male soccer athletes. Design Cohort study. Setting One youth soccer team facility. Patients (or Participants) One hundred sixteen young male soccer athletes. Interventions (or assessment of risk factors) All data were collected in two days. Athletes were aleatory selected to perform the tests and the physical therapists, previously trained, applied the following tests: single leg hamstring bridge (SLHB), bridge test with unilateral knee extension, passive hip internal rotation (IR) range of motion (ROM), hip abductor strength, hamstring flexibility and composite score of Y-Test. Considering it could have an interference in other tests, Y-Test were the last measure in all athletes. Injuries were collected throughout the season. Main outcome measurements any lower limb (LL) injury occurring during scheduled games or practices that cause an athlete to miss a subsequent game or practice session. Results The Classification and Regression Trees (CART) model identified as predictors of LL injuries in youth soccer athletes: SLHB, bridge test with unilateral knee extension, passive hip internal rotation ROM, hip abductors strength, hamstrings flexibility and composite score of Y-Test result. The model had an accuracy of 76% (p<0.0001) and the correct classification was 88.6% for injury and 56.6% for non-injury. Conclusions The SLHB, bridge test with unilateral knee extension, passive hip internal rotation ROM, hip abductors strength, hamstrings flexibility and composite score of Y-Test should be included in pre-season assessment in youth soccer athletes. The results of these tests could be used as parameters to develop a prevention program in soccer.


The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in long‐term facial function outcomes following acute Lyme disease‐associated facial palsy (LDFP) exist between patients who received antibiotic monotherapy (MT); dual therapy (DT) with antibiotics and corticosteroids; and triple therapy (TT) with antibiotics, corticosteroids, and antivirals.


Recent developments in the banking industry in Kenya such high costs of operations, narrowing profit margins, high competition for market share, coupled with high regulatory changes, technology evolution and changing consumer demographics and behavior put into focus how banks are innovating their service channels in order to gain competitive advantage in the sector. The main objective of this study was to analyze the influence of service channel innovations in the banking industry towards competitive advantage. The study added to the literature by addressing the role of service channel innovations and competitive advantage and this assumed relationship was moderated by the government regulations in banking sector. The study adopted a triangulation design involving a cross sectional approach. A pilot study was conducted to test reliability and validity of instruments. The target population included all the 44 bank incorporated in Kenya. Stratified random sampling technique was applied where the CEOs, directors and branch managers of all banks in Nairobi were targeted. Heterogeneous purposive sampling technique was used to select the bank customers for interview schedule. Data was collected by use of closed and structured questionnaires and interview schedule. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS V18.0 and statistical analysis focused on correlation between variables and analysis of variance among the variables. Multivariate analysis techniques was applied where a PCA method was applied to reduce the set of factors to a manageable scale, analysis of relationship was done using SEM. Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to test linear relations. The test of statistics was carried out at 5% significance level. The study established that service channel innovations are very important in influencing competitive advantage in the banking sector.


Background: Intradiscal injection of Oxygen-Ozone (O 2 -O 3 ) and intraforaminal steroid is a minimaliy invasive procedure for treatment of low back pain due to prolapsed intervertebral disc. About 9 out of 10 adults experience at least one episode of low back pain at some point in their lifetime. It has been studied that intradiscal and intraforaminal injection of mixture of O 2 -O 3 and steroid produces good outcome than steroid only in such patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate long term therapeutic outcome of Intradiscal injection of Oxygen-Ozone (O 2 -O 3 ) and intraforaminal steroid in Indian population. Methods: There were 98 patients who were treated with intradiscal injection of O2-O3 and intraforaminal steroid 4 years' back. All of them had clinical signs of lumbar nerve root compression along with CT and/or MR evidence of contained disk herniation. Eighty two patients were available for follow- up at 4 years. Retrospective study was carried out in those patients. All patients received about 3.5 to 4.0 ml of intradiscal O2- O3 mixture at concentration of 20-24- microgram/ml and intraforaminal injection of 40 mg of inj. Trimnicelone along with 2ml of local anesthetic. Clinical outcome after the injection was assessed by Modified MacNab method and the success of treatment was assessed by means of a visual analog pain scale and the Oswestry Disability Index. Results: A significant reduction in the VAS was observed after 6 weeks and 6 months (from 8.6 to 5.4 and 6.0; p<0.001) in all patients; an excellent therapy response (VAS below 3.0) was achieved at 4 years. A significant improvement in ODI was registered in all patients (36 to 14.8; p < 0.001). Patients below 50 years had significantly better values in the VAS and the ODI score 4 years after treatment. Final VAS and ODI scores for patients with a single diseased segment were 4.2 and 28.0. The total effective rate according to Modified MacNab method (excellent and good /fair) was 93.9% at end of 6 months, 97.55% at 1 year and 4 years it was 97.55%. No patient was operated for spine surgery. Conclusions: Intradiscal injection of O2-O3 and intraforaminal steroid is highly effective in relieving lower back pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation not responding to conservative therapy. There was significant clinical outcome even after 4 years.


Quasiclassical trajectories on an ab initio potential energy surface show that a stereodynamical effect steers the F atom away from the stretching-excited CH bond, thereby promoting the DF + CHD(2) product channel of the F + CHD(3)(nu(1) = 1) reaction at low collision energies. This explains the unexpected results of a recent crossed molecular beam experiment.


Whistleblowing is an implementing regulation by employees regarding information that is believed to violate the law, practice or professional statement, or related to procedural errors, violations, authority, or endangering the public and work safety. The purpose of this research to examine the effect of machiavellian nature, professional commitment, and seriousness of the offense to the whistleblowing intention of tax employee with moderated by retaliation variables. This research was conducted on tax employees who work at Pratama Tax Office in South Jakarta region and Bekasi with 95 respondents. The data processing methods used by researcher are the multiple regression and moderate regression analysis. The results of this research showed that machiavellian nature, commitment professional and seriousness of the offense has significant effect toward the whistleblowing intention both partially and simultaneously. Furthermore, retaliation can't be a moderating for machiavellian nature and commitment professional toward the whistleblowing intention. But the retaliation can be a moderating for seriousness of the offense toward the whistleblowing intention.


Cordierite-phlogopite dominated Mg-Al rich rocks occur as small enclaves at the Hatimunda hill near Junagarh in the Orissa sector of the Eastern Ghats belt. Peak mineral assemblages in these rocks included phlogopite, bronzite, kyanite (now reliet) and quartz/corundum. Sapphirine typically occurs as corona around corundum or in chisters along with corundum. The sapphirine is slightly more aluminous than the MgO:Al 2 O 3 :SiO 2 ratio of 7:9:3. Textural criteria and phase analysis in the model system MAS indicate the follwing reactions: Opx+Sil+Qtz+Crd; Opx+Sil=Crd+Crn; and Opx+Crn=Spr+Crd. A qualitative petregenetic grid shows that these reactions may be crossed in sequence along a decompressional P-T trajectory. The rocks preserve textural evidence of formation of sapphirine, at least in part, from phlogopite and sillimanite. P-T conditions for peak metamorphism were 700-800° C and > 8kbar based on the stability field of mineral assemblages. Texturally, early kyanite and late sillimanite indicate that the decompression is possibly part of a clockwise P-T path. This interpretation is supported by the occurrence of Mg-rich garnet (X prp + 0.47) in the amphibole-dominated Mg-Al rich schist of the neighbouring Jilindara area.


Flipped classrooms have been recognized as a potential approach that enables students to have flexible time to learn before the class as well as more opportunities to apply knowledge and to interact with peers and the teacher in the class. On the other hand, researchers have pointed out the challenge of engaging students in self‐regulated learning and active participation in flipped classrooms. In this study, an Instant Response System (IRS)‐facilitated collective issue‐quest strategy is proposed for engaging students in active and self‐regulated flipped learning. Moreover, a quasi‐experimental design was conducted with undergraduate students in an internet marketing course in northern Taiwan to investigate the impacts of the proposed approach on the students' learning achievement, self‐regulation, learning satisfaction and collective efficacy. The experimental results revealed that the learning achievement, collective efficacy and satisfaction of the students who learned with the proposed approach were significantly better than those of the students learning with the conventional flipped classroom approach. Moreover, in the "environment," "task strategies" and "help seeking" dimensions of self‐regulation, the former had significantly higher ratings than the latter. This study contributes analysis results that highlight the benefits of implementing the IRS‐facilitated collective issue‐quest approach in the flipped classroom. The results of this research may provide a valuable reference for future studies and practice in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


The mobile stamp apparatus is disclosed. Mobile stamp apparatus of the pressing body, the pressing body of the mobile terminal is placed becomes, connecting a base, rotatably end and one of the base equipped with a short-range wireless communication tag that is tagged by the mobile terminal, and, pressing the stamp to the display of the mobile station comprising: a stamp accommodated in the stamp receiving portion and the stamp receiving portion formed at the other end, the stamp comprises a plurality of touch pointer to enter a preset contact pattern to the mobile terminal by touching the screen of the mobile terminal.


There has been struggle and warfare in South east Asia for many centuries. The deeply rooted tensions and old hostilities which underlie many of the current conflicts in this ancient cockpit will persist regardless of the outcome, or even the existence, of the Cold War between the Communist and the actively anti-Communist nations. This internal intra- Asian strife is often separate from the much more publicized struggle for Southeast Asia by the great-power leaders in the Cold War which we follow closely. As old European empires die out in Southeast Asia, new Asian empires rise. The clash be tween "Greater Indonesia" and the Federation of Malaysia is a kind of flash back to ancient imperial wars and also a preview of the future. China's resurgence as a great power promises to make her thrust back into areas she once dominated for centuries. The long drawn-out wars in Vietnam have involved the United States more and more deeply without correspond ingly rewarding efforts either to eliminate guerrilla attacks on South Vietnam or to foster a stable and progressive society in South Vietnam. Neutralization of all Vietnam, as for Laos, may be the least undesirable alternative that remains after more than a decade of great effort to stave off Communist domination of former French Indo-China. Co-operative free Asian resistance to communism is a remote possibility.


Two babies with fibrocystic disease of the pancreas acquired hospital infection with Salmonella agona after treatment with commercial pancreatin prepared from pig pancreas obtained from abattoirs in Britain.


Heat treatment was carried out to the 1420 Al-Li alloy electron beam welding (EBW) joints after welding, and the microstructures of welded joints are analyzed systematically before and after post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). The observation of joint microstructure demonstrates that the grain morphology of weldment changes from equiaxed dendrites in as-welded (AW) condition into equiaxed grains after PWHT, and that the fine strengthening phases precipitate within the grain. The XRD analysis of phase constituent and TEM observation of weldment indicate that the main strengthening phases in 1420 Al-Li alloy weldment are spheroidal δ′(Al3Li), β′(Al3Zr) and rod-like T(Al2MgLi) after PWHT. Furthermore, the δ′ phase precipitate free zone (PFZ) is found along the grain boundary. The scanning observation of joint fracture shows that Al-Li alloy EBW joint presents the characteristic of transgranular ductile fracture in AW condition. After PWHT, the Al-Li alloy welded joint presents the pattern of intergranular fracture. The variation of fracture mode is related to dispersed precipitation of δ′ phase and the formation of PFZ at the grain boundary in weldment after heat treatment.


We present a novel framework for robust inverse-design of semiconductor-foundry devices tolerant to standard fabrication variability. We designed and tested compact 50/50, 90/10, and 99/1 power splitters sampled across multiple wafers on a commercial silicon photonic process, demonstrating < ±2% deviation over 100 nm of bandwidth.


Horse gram is one of the popular and most extensively grown pulse crop especially in Krishnagiri and Dharamapuri districts of Tamil Nadu having net sown area of 14502 ha and 8136 ha respectively. In Tamil Nadu a total area of 47,320 ha (Anon, 2012a) is under horse gram cultivation. Horse gram is an extremely drought resistant and dew loving crop which also serves as good animal fodder and as cover crop for preventing soil erosion in addition to potentiality to serve as green manuring. Horse gram grains are used as a human food, consumed after roasting or International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 2 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

https://www.ijcmas.com/9-2-2020/R. Thiyagarajan, et al.pdf


Trade liberalisation is a factor that induced a change in policy and development strategy, the substitution of imports by export in the Mediterranean and elsewhere. This transition has led to the involvement of a large number of producers in export activities and in global or regional supply chains. Many food supply chains span across countries or regions and involve a variety of different operators. Ensuring food safety and production quality, processing and trading practices all along these global chains is a real challenge. This is why, food and safety standards have proliferated in the past decades and are increasingly used to govern food safety and quality issues related to agro-food value chains. Compliance with food standards can be quite challenging for a producer or exporter. In addition, the need for the supply of large volumes while maintaining the same quality and food safety standards often requires costly investments. This is due to the demanding requirements set by food standards. This chapter will also address issues of food safety and quality in the Mediterranean agricultural sector.


Recently there has been a growing interest in aggregation queries for scenarios in which data streams arrive at very high rates and a data stream system is registered with many simultaneous queries.In order to dealing with the huge amounts of data and increasingly stringent response-time requirements,Most existing work in this area has to adopt approximate technology which sacrifice aggregate veracity.But in the environment of high rate data streams,the processing rate still cannot satisfy requirements.So query processing based on hardware-software codesign has recently emerged as a viable solution for dealing with high rate data streams.In this paper,We propose a kind of novel aggregate query algorithms based on hardware-software codesign,which incorporate hardware advantage in processing rate and software long suit in agility.Many incremental computation approaches and resource sharing techniques in sliding-window aggregations are introduced.Lastly,time cost of the algorithm is analyzed and the experiment show the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach.


The successful operation of small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) in dynamic environments demands robust stability in the presence of exogenous disturbances. Flying insects are sensor-rich platforms, with highly redundant arrays of sensors distributed across the insect body that are integrated to extract rich information with diminished noise. This work presents a novel sensing framework in which measurements from an array of accelerometers distributed across a simulated flight vehicle are linearly combined to directly estimate the applied forces and torques with improvements in SNR. In simulation, the estimation performance is quantified as a function of sensor noise level, position estimate error, and sensor quantity.


In this paper, a distributed economic model predictive control (EMPC) method is proposed for economic operation and frequency regulation in isolated AC subsystems interconnected through multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) transmission system. Economic-driven frequency regulation, including economic operation and frequency regulation, normally implemented in a separate and hierarchical way, can be integrated through the proposed EMPC. Instead of competing with neighboring subsystems, the proposed distributed EMPC encourages cooperation among the interconnected subsystems, improving system-wide control performance. A suitable Lyapunov function is utilized to prove the stability of the proposed method. Simulations are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed EMPC method.


Assistive technologies, mostly based on speech recognition and synthesis, help visually-impaired people writing text on digital devices. However, they do not fully support non-sequential text editing without the use of sight. This paper discusses the design of the interaction protocol underlying the first prototype of a text editor that is especially designed for people with very poor eyesight. It does not require the visual localization of text for non-sequential editing of multiple-paragraph documents and only exploits voice and "uninterpreted" keyboard input, namely the outmoded "press any key" for mode-switching. Preliminary tests complete the paper.


The aim of the present experiment was to investigat e the influence induced by apidiet in in acrylamide-induced hepatopathy in rat s. The objectives of the experimental study were to investigate the following biochemical profile of seric proteins, by electrophoretic analysis. In order to reduce the in flue ce of factors affecting progression of hepatic lesions, we have administrated apidiet p roducts. Toxic hepatopathy was experimentally induced administrating of acrylamide (water solution, 50mg/L concentration) by gastric gavaj. Co-administration of api-diet in group which received acrylamide, compared to standardized food group, de termined: 1) an increase of albumins level (30.14±0.69 versus 41.7±1.34, p<0.0001) and o f albumins / globulins ratio (0.43±0.01 versus 0.72±0.04, p<0.0001) and 2): a de crease of globulins concentration (69.85±0.69 versus 58.41±1.12, p<0.0001); alfa-1 gl obulin concentration (28.64±0.22 versus 23.83±1.62, p<0.0001) and betta-globulin con centration (26.47 ± 0.44 versus 19.27±1.32, p<0.0001). In conclusion, the administr ation of apitherapc producs in case of acrylamide toxic hepatic disease proved efficient i normalizing the investigated parameters.


This paper reports a betavoltaic micro-battery using one-dimensional ZnO nanowires (1D ZNWs) under build-in potential for MEMS applications. 1D ZNWs were synthesized using a mixture of ZnO and graphite powder as source by a thermal evaporation in tube furnace at a temperature controlled to 800-1250 °C in mixed atmosphere of oxygen and inert gas. A 10 mCi of 63Ni/Ni source with 10×20 mm2 was assembled to ZNWs on Ti substrate to form sandwich type betavoltaic devices (Ni/63Ni/ZNWs/Ti). By I-V measurements, the betavoltaic devices exhibit a significant effective energy conversion efficiency of 27.92% with open-circuit voltage of 2.74 V and short-circuit current of 18.4 nA, which indicates that 1D ZNWs is a high-potential for developing betavoltaic batteries due to its wide band gap and one-dimensional nanostructures.


A finite element model was developed to simulate the ablation results. The optimal parameters (30 w, 15 s) were obtained by changing the input energy (20 w, 25 w, 30 w, 35 w, 40 w) with different operating times (15 s, 20 s, 25 s, 30 s). Then, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed based on the results from FEM simulation. In the in vitro experiments, 240 pieces of strips of tissues were equally divided into group A and group B, and group A was ablated once by bipolar RFA system while group B was ablated three times. After stained with Mason trichrome, the tissue was examined under the microscope to validate whether a pathologically transmural ablation was successfully achieved. In the in vivo experiments, 20 pigs were equally divided into group C and group D. Left pulmonary veins in Group C and left atrial appendages ablated once while the right pulmonary veins and atrial appendage were ablated three times, and left atrial were ablated once while their right atrial ablated three times in group D. The electrophysiological mapping was utilized to validate the electro physiologically transmural lesion. And after fed for 4 weeks, the second electrophysiological mapping was utilized to confirm the long-term electrical isolation. Pathologically transmural lesion was achieved in 51.67% and 98.33% of the atrial tissue in Group A and B respectively. Total immediate electrical isolation rate was 61.67% for once ablation, while it was 100% for three times of ablation. And the total long-term electrical isolation rate was 31.67% for once ablation, while it was 85% for three times of ablation. The results demonstrate that the three times of ablation can improve the rate of pathologically transmural and electrical isolation significantly.


An experimental study was carried out to investigate the aeromechanics and wake characteristics of dual-rotor wind turbines (DRWTs) with co- and counter-rotating configurations, in comparison to those of a conventional singlerotor wind turbine (SRWT), in order to elucidate the underlying physics to explore/optimize design of wind turbines for higher power yield and better durability. The experiments were performed in a large-scale Aerodynamic/Atmospheric Boundary Layer (AABL) wind tunnel under neutral stability conditions. In addition to measuring the power output performance of DRWT and SRWT systems, static and dynamic wind loads acting on those systems were also investigated. Furthermore, a high resolution PIV system was used for detailed near wake flow field measurements (free-run and phase-locked) so as to quantify the near wake turbulent flow structures and observe the transient behavior of the unsteady vortex structures in the wake of DRWT and SRWT systems. In the light of the promising experimental results on DRWTs, this study can be extended further to investigate the turbulent flow in the far wake of DRWTs and utilize multiple DRWTs in different wind farm operations.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Building on prototype motors and generators incorporating low-temperature superconductors, development of high temperature superconducting (HTS) counterparts is well along in Japan and the United States. In this article, the basic approach and principles of a superconducting AC synchronous generator or motor are described, and then the merits of using HTS field windings in their construction are assessed. Machines employing the early lower-temperature as well as the more recent high-temperature superconductors are discussed next. Finally, an update is provided on worldwide activities on developing a commercial generator and large motor utilizing superconductor windings.


Identifying neural substrates of behavior requires defining actions in terms that map onto brain activity. Brain and muscle activity naturally correlate via the output of motor neurons, but apart from simple movements it has been difficult to define behavior in terms of muscle contractions. By mapping the musculature of the pupal fruit fly and comprehensively imaging muscle activation at single cell resolution, we here describe a multiphasic behavioral sequence in Drosophila. Our characterization identifies a previously undescribed behavioral phase and permits extraction of major movements by a convolutional neural network. We deconstruct movements into a syllabary of co-active muscles and identify specific syllables that are sensitive to neuromodulatory manipulations. We find that muscle activity shows considerable variability, which reduces upon neuromodulation. Our work provides a platform for studying whole-animal behavior, quantifying its variability across multiple spatiotemporal scales, and analyzing its neuromodulatory regulation at cellular resolution.


Although universities have been the primary source of human resource talent for organizations, there is some question whether current university programs will be able to prepare human resource professionals for the expanded role that is needed in the future. These programs include the Masters of Business Administration (MBA), Masters of Human Resources and Industrial Relations (MHRIR), and Masters of Organization Development (MOD). Brigham Young University has also created a unique program called the Masters in Organizational Behavior (MOB). This article explores the differences among these programs and discuss their implications for training HR professionals. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Technology is playing a very important and useful role in all the fields like agriculture, industrial sector, Medical etc. Considering the Agriculture sector we need to monitor plants continuously. So, instead of doing all the work manually we can automate it so that there is less human intervention and time is saved and also less human effort. Thus, appropriate condition variables are defined properly. The variables of conditions include soil moisture, temperature, humidity, light etc. In our project we have implemented prototype of a automated greenhouse in which we control the parameters like humidity, temperature and soil moisture, using the sensors like DTH 11, LM 35 and also we take pictures of plant at particular periods of time and send it to mail, so that if a person wants to check the condition of plant that is, if it is diseased or healthy. If it is diseased then he can upload the picture of the plant to the PLANTIX app and can see what disease it is affected from and why it is caused. Therefore, the Owner can check if there is any problem related to the above conditions and he can take proper actions.


n's syndrome has several patholoiijical. and clinical features in coninion with auto-iininunc tliseases. The pathological findings in Sjogren's syndrome are chronic sialoadenitis antl dacryoadcnitis. The histological changes characteristic of these conditions have many features in common with the changes found in Hashimoto's thyreoiditis in which autoimmune mechanisms seem to be ol" pathogenic importance. Both diseases arc characterl/.ed hy lymphocytic antl plasma cell infiltration, fihrosis and epithelial changes. In Hashimoto's thyreoiditis the epithelium is disorganized so that the follicles are substituted hy clusters and trabeculae (Fig. i A and B). In the initial stages of Sjogren's syndrome the epithelial changes are only seen in the salivary ducts whereas the acini are left intact {12). The epithelium of the salivary ducts becomes disorganized and hyperplastic, tiie lumen disappears resulting in the formation of characteristic epithelial islets (Fig. I C and D). In hoth diseases the fibrosis is progressive and eventually all the glandular tissue is replaced by fibrotic tissue.


The study sought to investigate the lexical cohesion in three YouTube videos by Naila Farhana, "Language Learning when you are an Introvert," "This useful language translation hack will help you!" and "Change your life! Benefits of Learning English Language". Farhana is known as an Indonesian YouTuber engaged in Languages. Through her video, the study analyzed Farhana's utterances on some topics based on lexical cohesion elements. Moreover, this study is concerned with Farhana's consistency, properly using lexical cohesion based, and finding out which lexical cohesion is the most dominant. Since to produce good writing and speech, it needs to pay attention when used to make the reader or listener not misunderstand. The research method was a qualitative description of the YouTube transcript to analyze the lexical cohesion devices. The results showed that the most dominant lexical cohesion of Farhana's three Youtube videos was Collocation of 36.93%. In addition, the study found Farhana's consistency in using lexical cohesion seen in the percentage of using the correct type of lexical cohesion reached from Halliday and Hasan's theory.


The linear construction projects of YEMEN are the basis of the study, focussing on the requirement of change orders in the several stages of the projects. The work presented here is defining the potential survey questioner to obtain the reliable and optimal data from construction industry of YEMEN. The data obtained will be used further to assess the change impact consequences and possible directions of prevention. The overall survey planned in 3 dimensions and they are finding the severity and scope of the change request impact, consequence certainty of the change request impact and the preventive strategies followed to avoid the consequences of the change request impacts. The overall 21 benchmarking functional and non-function construction standards are defined to prepare the questioner and the same is used to obtain the construction industry opinion, beliefs and practices through the said three dimensions of the survey.


Nowadays, medical technology is very important for patient care. The evaluation and planning of treatment need to keep the information for the benefit of patients. Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) is a wireless communication technology which can help to communicate measurement data from the human body with different requirements. Here, WBANs can monitor the important signals from the human body such as electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyography (EMG), heart rate, blood pressure, and others. Data transmission via wireless communication networks is one of the challenges to obtain high network efficiency and low data loss. This paper presents an experimental study of dynamic capabilities in WBANs, where various packet sizes, different packet inter-arrival times, and different number of nodes applied in the network are tested. By this propose, how such important factors affect WBAN performances can be investigated. Additionally, the optimal values of such factors set for WSANs are illustrated. The experiment has been implemented using TelosB sensor nodes with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Experimental results demonstrate that the packet size, the packet inter-arrival time, and the number of nodes are the important factors which significantly affect the WBAN communication reliability as indicated by the packet delivery ratio.


It is shown that the long-range goal of the world fusion program can be to generate energy without longlived radioactive waste and the associated safety problems that accompany today's nuclear power sources. This can ultimately be accomplished through the Hebased fusion fuel cycles. This paper compares He-based fusion fuels with first-generation, D-based fusion fuels and fission. Potential applications of He fusion to radioisotope generation, proliferation-resistant electrical power plants, and space propulsion are also discussed.


Every year or so one of this journal's editors, Ian Dobson, convenes a workshop on how to get published in scholarly journals, in trade periodicals such as Australia's Campus Review and the UK's Times Higher Education Supplement, and in the popular press. Part of the workshop covers the journals in which participants are most likely to seek publication, from those that seem to have less pressure on space to the moderately selective and highly selective journals. Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Educational Psychology and Administration goes a long way to making that part of the workshop redundant. It has introductory sections on relating the theme of the manuscript to the topics of the articles published by each journal, the relationship of the manuscript's style and method to the journal's readership, the possible results of the review, and the selection of a journal to receive the manuscript, sending the manuscript, and receiving the reviewers' comments. The directory even has a section explaining what a refereed article is. The directory's introductory advice is good sense to which all editors would subscribe and wish that authors would follow. To this I would add, first, that authors should try to relate their manuscript to articles that have been published in the journal they are submitting to. This is a good test of whether the manuscript is within the subjects of interest to the journal, and it helps to develop a continuity of interests among the journal's readers. Secondly, editors will almost always prefer a short paper to a long paper of similar quality, since this releases more space for other authors and ideas. Authors should therefore not try to cram every thought they have on a topic into one paper. If they have a lot to say on a topic they should write this up in a series of related papers which can be suitably cross-referenced although published in different journals. This is an application of the late Russell Linke's concept of the MPU, the minimum publishable unit. The MPU is the quotient of new data that justifies the publication of a new article. Put cynically, each article needs only one MPU—any more is wasted. To put this more charitably, a paper with several themes is unlikely to develop any satisfactorily. With the exception of brilliant writers, to whom few conventions apply, most of us write more clearly if we confine ourselves to one point and one sequential argument.


By establishing a general equilibrium model of monopolistic competition,this paper addresses a study of the influences,which are generated by the changes of the exchange rate level and the trade degree of freedom,to a country manufacturing industry share and then to the economic growth for this country.The main result in this paper shows that the interaction between the exchange rate level and the trade degree of freedom depends not only on the changes of themselves,but also on the combination of these two factors.Moreover,for the responses to their changes,the labor intensive industry is more sensitive than the capital intensive industry.


1. It was shown that the water-soluble fraction of cow's milk and human milk did no possess significant antirachitic activity on rats. 2. Whole cow's milk was found to contain 38 i.u. vitamin D/1. Whole human milk contained 15 i.u. vitamin D/1, of which 12 i.u. derived from the lipid fraction. 3. Thus the values found were much lower than the 204 i.u./1 in cow's milk and 950 i.u./1 in human milk given in the literature based on chemical determination of the sterol sulphate content.


The study aims to describe of the inventory information systems which has been implemented, what issues are arising and how to design the new inventory information systems as a proposed problem at UD. Sumber Bumi Subur. The type of this research was descriptive research with a case study approach. This was to provide an overview of the benefits system through the design of information systems as a system that facilitates the user. The results of this study indicated that UD. Sumber Bumi Subur Sidoarjo in inventory management was still using the manual systems, it can be seen from the report fulfillment and inventory management. With the new information systems being offered are expected to control the supply of goods, facilitate the user in making the report, efforts to maximize operational use of technology, and security of data companies.


In August 2012,I had an opportunity to visit Papua New Guinea,situated in the tropical rainforest areas in the western South Pacific Ocean,adjacent to Indonesia in the west and facing Australia across the Torres Straits in the south.It has over 600 big and small islands and a population of 6.75 million with more than 800 tribes speaking


The management of diabetes in elderly patients has many nuances that are important to the pharmacist, regardless of his or her practice setting. General guidelines and treatment modalities applied to the younger population cannot necessarily be applied to the elderly population and in most cases, should be tailored to meet their needs. The purpose of this article is to gain a better understanding of the complex nature of diabetes and management in the elderly by (1) reviewing the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of diabetes in the patients, (2) understanding complications and geriatric syndromes that may affect management of diabetes, (3) becoming familiar with nationally accepted diabetes care guidelines in the elderly, (4) reviewing recent literature pertaining to management of diabetes, and (5) reviewing medications (including newer agents) to treat diabetes in the elderly.


This study, which has been commonly used in object recognition area for 10 years, is based on the recognition of special point-based objects and there are differences in some areas such as luminance, anguler and resistance from cyclic and dimensional changes. Generally, scalar invariant feature transformation (scale invariant feature transform- SIFT) method and independent feature transformation (mirror reflection invariant feature- MIFT) method which is a weak point of SIFT method, also is created against the mirroring effect to gain resistance are investigated in this experiment. In this work, 11 sample trials with images which were in different cases were performed one by one to analyze these methods actually and this could give us opportunity to compare the results of the methods respectively. The aim of this work was understanding the performance capability of object recognition methods that were SIFT and MIFT in time domain and space domain, also determining the speed and result acquisition time values of these methods represented us to observe the advantages and disadvantages of SIFT and MIFT.


I investigated the relationship between White-fronted Terns (Sterna striata) associating with Hector's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus hectori) while feeding in the near-shore environment of New Zealand. Associations were observed only in the austral spring and early summer. At this time up to 15.7% of all dolphin groups were accompanied by terns. The birds usually joined surface-feeding dolphins with single terns apparently hovering over single dolphins. Associated tern numbers were positively correlated with dolphin group size and increased significantly with the duration of the association. Terns were more often associated with significantly larger dolphin groups and under calmer sea conditions. Water clarity, however, appeared to have little influence in the birds' decision whether or not to associate with a group of foraging dolphins. The occurrence of feeding associations appeared to be restricted by the occurrence of small, inshore moving fish species. The associations are likely to constitute facultative commensalism by the birds and may be particularly advantageous during breeding when energetic demands are high.


Hierarchical routing provides a less expensive algorithm compared to the traditional all-pairs routing algorithms. We present an algorithm in this paper which benefits from the lower memory requirement, faster routing table lookup, and less costly broadcast exemplified by hierarchical routing, and yet maintains routing capability of all pairs of connected nodes even in the presence of faults, such as link/node failures and repairs, and corruption of program variables. Additionally, this algorithm solves the problem of cluster partitioning where nodes that are supposed to be in the same subset of the network, become isolated due to link or node failures. Being self-stabilizing, starting from an arbitrary state (with possibly corrupted routing tables), the protocol is guaranteed to reach a configuration with routing tables containing valid entries in a finite time. The protocol automatically updates the shortest paths in the face of dynamically changing link weights. The proposed protocol also dynamically allocates/deallocates storage for the routing information as the network size changes. The algorithm works on an arbitrary topology and under a distributed daemon model.


ABSTRACT Compared with the traditional fresh product retail model, the fresh food e-commerce model breaks the barriers of product production, sales and distribution, and realizes the integrated development of linkage. However, due to the many intermediate links in procurement, high cold chain logistics costs, and poor inventory management efficiency, the operating efficiency of China's fresh food e-commerce has always been at a low level. In the context of the internet, this article constructs three new business models for fresh food e-commerce, including pre-sales models, vertical logistics models, and value proposition models. Authority support policies should be strengthened and expenditure in agricultural research should be increased. At the very same time, the rate of domestic online sales is steadily growing, primarily due to the continued rise of online web users. A good client base for fresh food suppliers has been laid by fast broadband penetration rates. It also proposes the implementation path of the new business model to reduce the transportation costs of enterprises as much as possible, expand the online market share of fresh products, and enhance the competitive advantage of fresh food e-commerce.


Recent empirical work has found that regional labour markets respond to aggregate growth non-uniformly, with diverse region-specific dynamics notable. There is growing evidence that region-specific effects in Australian unemployment outcomes, are leading to regional stratification and inequality. The question of how regional labour markets interact is central in the new regional geography of winners and losers. While international empirical research emphasises spatial effects, previous Australian studies have only considered spatial dimensions indirectly via labour force mobility. In this Project we will use spatial regressions to analyse regional labour markets (in Hunter, Sydney and Illawarra) and explicitly consider how regional interactions compound economic - 'shocks'. The central issue is whether interactions between neighbouring regions result in spatial dependence of regional labour markets, and whether this dependency explains differences in regional outcomes. Another key motivation is an exploration 'of regional labour markets, this time employing a methodology which avoids misspecification by including spatial effects.


Olfaction in fish is an important type of chemoreception which is mediated through an olfactory epithelium of olfactory apparatus. The olfactory epithelium of Pseudapocryptes lanceolatus is a pseudostratified structure and includes different types of cell viz., sensory receptor cells, supporting cells, basal cells, goblet cells, etc.. The sensory receptor cells are bipolar neuron and may categorized as crypt cell, microvillous sensory receptor cells and ciliated sensory receptor cells. These sensory receptor cells are morphologically different. The length of the dendron apparently differs among the sensory receptor cells and results different location of the perikaryon of respective sensory receptor cells within the olfactory epithelium. The tip of the dendron swells to form olfactory knob. The structures of olfactory knobs in these sensory receptor cells are also anatomically and functionally variable. It is assumed that the variable length of dendron along with their variable structures is both probably responsible for the recognition of different odorants during olfaction in P. lanceolatus


ACURRENT WHEREABOUTS OF FAMOUS AIRPLANES: TWA PLANE HIJACKED FROM ATHENS IN JUNE 1985, NORTHWEST AIRLINES PLANE HIJACKED BY "D.B. COOPER" IN 1971, ETC.


The basic concepts of computer literacy can be taught by the use of computer management and interactive instruction. The approach described here emphasizes measuring student achievement, and informing students of their progress. This approach also incorporates a system for the evaluation of alternative instructional experiences.


Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies are made on some nonbenzodiazepine ligands of benzodiazepine receptor (BZR), namely a series of 6-arylpyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]benzo-thiazepines, a series of pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles, and a series of some fused imidazopyridines. A Fujita-Ban approach adopted for the first series led to the suggestion that the most advantageous substituents in the series were only 4-Cl and 7-OCON(CH3)2. All other substituents were found to have negative contributions to the binding of the compounds with the BZR. In the case of pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles, the 8-CONHR group was found to play an important role in the binding. The activity was found to be significantly correlated with the hydrophobic property of the R moiety and the electron-withdrawing ability of the ortho substituents in it. In the case of imidazopyridines, the Fujita-Ban approach revealed only the negative effects of the substituents that really mattered. By Hansch analysis these negative effects were accounted for by steric parameters.


Unlike medical students, doctors-in-training (residents) are physicians who can legally provide medical treatment with a medical doctor's license obtained from Korea the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and thus they are liable for the care they provide. Therefore, residents need to be aware of the legal and risks they facing in medical practice and ensure that they have the ability to deal with such risks. Legal responsibilities of residents can be examined from three perspectives: the relationships between patients and doctors, the relationships between doctors and medical officials, and the Korean health and welfare system. With regard to the relationships between patients and doctors, the legal responsibilities of doctors-in-training span a diverse range of liability for explanation (informed consent), malpractice, medical records, prohibition on revealing medical secrets, emergency medical treatment, treatment for the opposite sex, and other basic responsibilities. They will be liable for any damage caused under Article 268 of the Criminal Code, which addresses the crime of professional negligence resulting in injury or in death, and Article 750 of the Civil Code, which addresses torts liability, and above and beyond them of legal liability in general. With regard to the relationships between doctors and medical officials, the legal responsibilities can be classified into two types of relationships. One is between a doctor and a senior doctor, and the other is between a doctor and a doctor from a different medical specialization. it there is miscommunication between two or more doctors, it could lead to poor outcomes for patients. Regarding the health and welfare system, the issuance of medical licenses and the duty of notification are the most important legal responsibilities. The system's treatment of residents require special caution as issuance of falsified medical licenses has caused serious social problems. Laws that state the various notification duties allow no exceptions even for the residents. Residints should therefore understand the basic notification duties involved in cases of accidental death, child abuse, and etc. and prepare for contingencies.