The aim of this study is to compare the differences of influencing factors and subjective digestive symptoms among upper gastrointestinal disease groups. Subjects of this study are the results of Helicobactor Pylori test, gastrofibroscopic findings, and the electronic data of medical questionnaires on individuals at the age of 20 to 79 who visited a Health Promotion Center in Seoul from October, 2003 to October, 2004. 2,708 cases are analysed for final with test and ANOVA test. The sociodemographic factors of sex, age and occupation, the living habits factors of smoking and drinking, the pathophysiological factor of H. pylori infection, and the psychological factor of stress show statistically significant differences among groups. The digestive symptoms of "the feeling of something remained in the stomach", "the burning feeling right after eating or at the empty state of stomach" and "the frequent reflux of watery acid from the stomach" show statistically significant differences among groups. This study provides meaningful data in finding distinctive features of each disease and will be applied as basic materials to the development of intervention methods for health promotion relating to the upper gastrointestinal diseases.


The existing ideas about one of the non-traditional methods of growing metallic filamentary crystals, such as growing in an electric field were considered in the paper. The role of impurities in the crystal growth process was investigated. Positive and negative sides of the electrolysis process during growing this group of crystals were critically considered. The experiments have shown that concentrated solutions of salts of several metals are the most suitable for growing filamentary crystals of metals and the presence of surface-active substances (SAS), having long molecules in the solution, is necessary for the nucleation of metallic filamentary crystals. The growth of metallic filamentary crystals is promoted by the presence of fine particles of graphite, glass and other mechanical impurities, and the presence of oxygen, on the contrary, retards it. During the formation of the whiskers of solder materials on thin-film electro-resistances when passing an electric current through them, whisker growth does not start immediately, but some time after the solder melts. The reason for the formation and growth of whiskers is the transferred-electron effect in a metal conductor, and the composition of the electrical resistance has no fundamental significance. The lack of oxygen in the electrolysis process is the basic condition for the formation of whiskers. Surface diffusion plays an important role in the formation of filamentary crystals. This research direction remains relevant at the present time. Today the country needs new structural materials that have valuable physicochemical properties. Microelectronics, medicine, defense issues, instrument-making industry, radiation safety, dosimetry, environmental protection - that's not all areas where grown filamentary crystals can be successfully used. Filamentary crystals have amazing properties, which in today's conditions deserve the close attention of our science. This, in turn, will help to more efficiently solve the issues of getting products that meet the requirements of environmental legislation, as well as human and environmental protection from anthropogenic factors.


An improved apparatus for producing a magnetic field within an interrogation zone for detecting perturbations in the field produced by the presence of a ferromagnetic marker element includes at least a pair of field producing coils, each of which is substantially planar and is positioned on opposite sides of the interrogation zone such that the planes of the coils are parallel to each other and to a corridor defined therebetween. Each of the coils are of substantially the same overall dimension and have either a "figure-8" or "hour-glass" shape, each half of which is symmetric about a horizontal axis passing through a crossing or necked-in portion and consist of a substantially triangular shape.


TRANSFORMER IMPEDANCE, BROADBAND, FOR WORKING IN RADIO FREQUENCY AND WHICH TRANSFORM IMPEDANCE REPORT SHALL BE THREE HUNDRED TEN TO PRES. THE TRANSFORMER IS ACHIEVED THROUGH CABLE COAXIAL (L1, L2, L3, L4) WAY CONNECTED TO DETERMINE AN EQUAL TO CONVERSION RATIO (53) 2.78. APPLICATION IN PARTICULAR IN COUPLING TO THE SAME ANTENNA THREE SYNCHRONIZED TRANSMITTERS.


We present a novel space-time parallel version of the Barnes-Hut tree code PEPC using PFASST, the Parallel Full Approximation Scheme in Space and Time. The naive use of increasingly more processors for a fixed-size N-body problem is prone to saturate as soon as the number of unknowns per core becomes too small. To overcome this intrinsic strong-scaling limit, we introduce temporal parallelism on top of PEPC's existing hybrid MPI/PThreads spatial decomposition. Here, we use PFASST which is based on a combination of the iterations of the parallel-in-time algorithm parareal with the sweeps of spectral deferred correction (SDC) schemes. By combining these sweeps with multiple space-time discretization levels, PFASST relaxes the theoretical bound on parallel efficiency in parareal. We present results from runs on up to 262,144 cores on the IBM Blue Gene/P installation JUGENE, demonstrating that the spacetime parallel code provides speedup beyond the saturation of the purely space-parallel approach.


I f you haven't come across the phrase ''there is nothing as constant as change,'' well, you probably have just forgotten when you did come across it. In health and fitness, we accept some fundamental principles about the positive effects of exercise, most of which were learned during professional training. As careers evolve, meetings and continuing education seminars modify some of the techniques we use to bring about those positive effects. Moreover, our views on reducing a client's risk for chronic disease and the levels of exercise necessary to improve function as parallel objectives are gleaned from our specific education and experience. I think it's probably also fair to speculate that many of you reading this column likewise are periodically frustrated by the inconsistent views about the relative importance of physical inactivity and chronic disease risk. Many clinicians—and the public via overwhelming messages in the advertising media and print news—continue to view elevated lipids, hypertension, and smoking to be the three critical factors for illness despite the overwhelming evidence that diminished fitness conveys just as high, if not higher, risk for a cardiovascular event (1). In the September/October 2006 issue of this Journal, David Swain, Ph.D., FACSM, wrote about the relative importance of vigorous exercise for a variety of health and fitness outcomes (2). Certainly, the argument that fitness is crucial to reduce risk of a cardiovascular event has gained considerable traction in recent years, where exercise capacity is used as the measure of improved fitness. In four important articles published between 2002 and 2004, involving nearly 18,000 subjects (contrary to the popular criticism that studies focus only on men, more than half of these subjects were women), exercise capacity consistently was associated with lower risk; a single metabolic equivalent increase in exercise capacity resulted in a decrease in risk ranging from 12% to 20%, depending on the study (3–6). In the context of the fitness setting, it seems that the reasonable approach to the advisement of clients is to stress an improvement in fitness as measured by a test of exercise capacity. Perhaps as importantly, the client's exercise prescription should be focused on an improvement in fitness above other considerations. But how does this evolving understanding of fitness square with the popular notion that overall physical activity also is important in the reduction of cardiovascular risk? In fact, there is a long and storied history of elegant epidemiological studies that associate higher levels of habitual physical activity and reduced cardiovascular risk, and it is this literature base that has long been the basis for the argument that health risk can be substantially reduced through moderate intensity and habitual activity. But attention to more recent studies confirm the importance of examining both activity and graded levels of activity intensity, and it is clearer that many different physical activities at a variety of exercise intensities yield significant incremental reductions in risk. Published in 2002, a study of more than 44,000 men followed over a 12-year period reported that, although reduction in health risk was evident in a wide variety of activities that included aerobic and resistance exercise, compared with those who were inactive, increasing intensity still conferred additional protection (7). Although this study was limited to men, similar patterns are observed in women. In a large scale study of women (8), researchers evaluated a total physical activity score, amount of brisk walking, and other vigorous activities to look at the health of more than 73,000 postmenopausal women. The results demonstrated a clear graded inverse relationship between total physical activity score and cardiovascular health risk. Likewise, estimates of activity intensity showed a similar inverse relationship. In other words, greater overall activity significantly reduced cardiovascular risk, but those engaging in higher intensity activities added to the reduction in risk. In an effort to be more specific about the quantification of physical


A new microstructure model is developed for amorphous alloys, so called Clus-ter model, in which the amorphous phase is thought of composing of randomly distributed or-dered clusters of different sizes. Thermodynamic calculation on this model deduces a parameter describing the glass forming ability of metallic alloys: a_c=(1-2.08/φm)T_g/ T_m, where T_g is glass transition temperature, T_m is the melting temperature, and φm is entralpy change of melt-ing. It is believed that easy glass forming alloy systems have larger values of a_c This new criter-
ion of GFA not only provides the theoretical background for several GFA criteria in the litera-ture cited, but also can predict the GFA of many alloy systems more reasonably and accurately.


TCP Sidecar is a network measurement platform for injecting probes transparently into externally generated TCP streams. By coupling measurement probes with nonmeasurement traffic, we are able to obtain measurements behind NATs and firewalls without alerting intrusion detection systems. In this paper, we discuss Sidecar's design and our deployment experience on PlanetLab. We present preliminary results from Sidecar-based tools for RTT estimation ("sideping") and receiver-side bottleneck location ("artrat").


The synthesis methods of nickel particles,such as spherical structure,nanorods,nanowires,nano-tubes, hollow structure and so on,are introduced.Those methods including hydrazine reduction process,emulsion method, hydrothermal method,solvolthermal method,polyol process,and so on are reviewed and compared.The results show that the study on applications and commercial of nickel powders should improved.


Slavery is so vile and miserable an Estate of Man, and so directly opposite to the generous Temper and Courage of our Nation; that 'tis hardly to be conceived, that an Englishman, much less a Gentleman, should plead for't. So begins the first of Locke's Two Treatises of Government. But this Englishman, gentleman, and self-styled 'lover of liberty' was not himself above pleading for slavery when it suited him. That plea has been an embarrassment to his admirers ever since. Locke attempted to legitimize slavery by portraying it as a form of punishment for crimes committed where no central political authority or justice system exists. If a victim of an assault is entitled to take his attacker's life in self-defense, Locke reasoned, he must also be entitled to take his attacker's liberty.


In article the problem of application of gender approach is considered when forming strategic thinking of students managers in the course of vocational training, the technological component, concrete forms and training methods is described at special course realization «Strategic thinking of the manager: gender aspect»


The individual use of single race-specific resistance genes with major phenotypic effects has rarely provided lasting resistance. However, breeding and combining or pyramiding of resistance genes into individual cultivars has had considerable success, particularly in situation where the pathogen does not reproduce sexually, as in the case of wheat leaf rust pathogen. Within international leaf rust of wheat investigations it was necessary, to create by breeding new resistant wheat lines to Puccinia recondita tritici for differentiation of pathogen population, as well as for sources of resistance in European-Mediterranean regions. In the beginning 18 donors of resistance had been selected after an extensive screening test of several International Rust Nurseries, to be crosses with recurrent parents varieties Princ and Starke. These tests proved that in those lines were present new resistant genes. Eighth genetically different hybrids of the first backcross had been selected and tested in the seedling stage with three international pathogen cultures (YU-13-19-1; H-13-9-1 and C2-13-Ar-3). Considerable influence of recurrent parent to the number of resistant genes in donors used was demonstrated. On the other side, it was established considerable influence of the pathogen culture to the number of resistant genes in donors used. The same crossing combinations tested with one pathogen culture results in presence of two resistance genes, but with another culture three or one resistant gene. In order to enhancement resistance and pyramiding genes in these hybrids, eight selected the most interesting lines have been crossed with only effective isogenic containing the strong genes Lr9, Lr19 and Lr24.The genetic analysis of twenty two crossing combinations have been realized by testing with three pathotypes of Puccinia recondita tritici ( Bg.s. 12/89; Is.w 8/89 and Chl.w. 14/89). On the base of different segregation ratios of all crossing combinations it was proved that no one of the resistant donors contained the strong resistant genes used. It means that our hybrid lines contained resistant genes from the donors and in addition three strong resistant genes Lr9, Lr19 and Lr24.


OBJECTIVE To analyze and compare the recent efficacy,the changes of CA125 index and the toxic side effects of different doses of carboplatin plus paclitaxel in advanced ovarian cancer patients;to guide rational drug use and individual therapy with carboplatin.METHODS A total of 84 patients screened with advanced(Ⅲ and IV) epithelial ovarian cancer from ovarian cancer patients treated in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from September 2009 to September 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients received ovarian cytoreductive surgery and the postoperative pathologic examinations were confirmed with primary epithelial ovarian cancer.The AUC of carboplatin according to the dose and creatinine value was calculated.These 84 patients were divided into the observation group(Group B,5≤AUC7,31 cases)and the control group(Group A,3≤AUC5,53 cases).Recent efficacy,CAl25 Index changes and toxic side effects after more than two normal courses were analyzed according to the standard of WHO.RESULTS(1) For paclitaxel combined with carboplatin 3≤AUC5 chemotherapy,the total response rate(CR+PR) of the 53 cases was 47.1%;for paclitaxel combined with carboplatin 5≤AUC7 chemotherapy,the total response rate(CR+PR) of the 31 cases was 58.1%.χ2 test showed no significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).(2)After chemotherapy,CA125 levels dropped below normal level(35U/mL for the normal threshold) were observed in 35 patients of Group A(66.0%) and 28 patients of Group B(90.3%).χ2 test showed a significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).(3)The incidence of blood platelet count reduction of Group B was higher than that of Group A(P0.05),but no significant differences were found in the reduction of white blood cell count,hemoglobin and neutrophils(P0.05).The two groups had no significant difference in gastrointestinal reaction,neurotoxicity,liver and kidney toxicity or cardiovascular toxicity incidence(P0.05).CONCLUSION Although paclitaxel plus carboplatin 3≤AUC5(Group A) chemotherapy and paclitaxel plus carboplatin 5≤AUC7(Group B) chemotherapy had no significant difference on recent efficacy,there was a tendency that the efficacy in Group B was higher than that in Group A.


Testing the rest mass of photon is important to prove "permanence principle of speed of light", which is one of the theoretical bases of Special Theory of Relativity. Almost all means of measurements performed failed to take into account the existence of gravitational fields. The maximal values of the rest mass of a photon has been obtained: m r ≤7×10 -50 g. The influence caused by gravitational field is discussed. We calculate the corresponding deflection of the light ray of Proca photons with the rest mass, which is caused by the spherically symmetric gravitational field. The results indicate that this effect might to change the deflecting angle, but the variation Δ θ will be extremely small.


For over a decade virtually all A(H3N2) influenza viruses have been resistant to the adamantane class of antivirals. However, during the 2017 influenza season in Australia, 15/461 (3.3%) adamantane-sensitive A(H3N2) viruses encoding serine at residue 31 of the M2 protein were detected, more than the total number identified globally during the last 6 years. A return to wide circulation of adamantane-sensitive A(H3N2) viruses would revive the option of using these drugs for treatment and prophylaxis.


A transparent titanium dioxide (TiO
 2
)@TiO
 2
 film with free-standing structure was synthesised by employing a cellulose paper as the template. By one-step hydrothermal method and subsequent thermal annealing, the fibre of cellulose paper was changed into porous TiO
 2
 core layer. The flower-like micro/nanostructure TiO
 2
 particle layer was intimately distributed on the porous TiO
 2
 core layer. The average diameter of the TiO
 2
@TiO
 2
 fibre for the film was 11 μm. The size of spherical granular TiO
 2
 on the fibre surface was around 330 ± 130 nm. It was noted that the microtopography of fibre surface could be adjusted by tuning the hydrothermal temperature. The scanning electron microscopy and N
 2
 adsorption-desorption measurement results indicated that the prepared film possessed a large mass of mesopores and macropores. On the basis of the special microstructure, the TiO
 2
@TiO
 2
 film exhibited high photocatalytic activity for methylene blue under ultraviolet irradiation. This work might provide a new insight for preparation of transparent photocatalytic film toward water purification.


SUMMARY Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv PBW 343 was grown in Hoagland solution devoid of nitrogen (-N) and with 1 mM KNO 3 (+N) under two carbon dioxide levels, viz. ambient (370 µl/l, AC) and elevated (600±50 µl/l, EC) for twenty days in growth chambers. The pattern of nitrate uptake was similar under both AC and EC but, the rate of uptake was significantly higher in EC grown plants when the concentration of the nitrate in the external medium was low. The Vmax for high affinity nitrate transport system (HATS) was significantly high for the EC grown un-induced seedlings (116.36 µmol g -1 fw h -1 ) compared with AC grown un-induced seedlings (79.55 µmol g -1 fw h -1 ). The pattern of gene expression of the nitrate transporters in roots correlated with the kinetics and uptake. The rate of nitrate uptake was influenced by previous nitrate nutrition and was strongly regulated by external nitrate levels. It is possible that the HATS operates more efficiently under EC as indicated by high Vmax and the plants will be able to take up nitrate more efficiently from the soils low in nitrate in the future high CO 2 world and may have better NUE.


ABSTRACT Higher education is understood as essential to enabling social mobility. Research and policy have centred on access to university, but recently attention has turned to the journey of social mobility itself – and its costs. Long-distance or 'extreme' social mobility journeys particularly require analysis. This paper examines journeys of first-in-family university students in the especially high-status degree of medicine, through interviews with 21 students at an Australian medical school. Three themes are discussed: (1) the roots of participants' social mobility journeys; (2) how sociocultural difference is experienced and negotiated within medical school; and (3) how participants think about their professional identities and futures. Students described getting to medical school 'the hard way', and emphasised the different backgrounds and attitudes of themselves and their wealthier peers. Many felt like 'imposters', using self-deprecating language to highlight their lack of 'fit' in the privileged world of medicine. However, such language also reflected resistance to middle-class norms and served to create solidarity with community of origin, and, importantly, patients. Rather than narratives of loss, students' stories reflect a tactical refinement of self and incorporation of certain middle-class attributes, alongside an appreciation of the worth their 'difference' brings to their new destination, the medical profession.


The article is devoted to the establishment and development of a network of Irkutsk's university museums. Educational and research functions of university museums, their role in the system of higher education in the region were analized based on archival sources and published works.


This paper presupposes that Oscar Wilde introduces two conventional drama types "melodrama" and "comedy of manners" into Lady Windermere"s Fan to subvert the two dominant social values, Puritanism and Libertinism. To make these two values prevalent in the play, Wilde juxtaposes melodramatic characters such as good women and bad women, with comedy of manners" characters, libertines and rake heroes. Those two types of characters have completely different ways of thinking, different life styles and different social values. Nevertheless, their attitudes toward dandies are very similar in enforcing their standardized values on them. They are the chief obstacles to two dandies, Lord Darlington and Mrs. Erlynne whose major goal of life is to keep creating themselves aesthetically. This paper examines how these dandies keep arranging the environment to support creation of themselves in society where social conventions rule the upper classes. This paper assumes that these two groups of characters act as social conventions to dandies whose concerns are to keep creating themselves without restriction. The two dandies, Lord Darlington and Mrs. Erlynee have paradoxical relations with these two groups of characters. Why do they have paradoxical relations with conventions? Because while they are willing to accept social conventions, they are determined to undermine these conventions at the same time. These two dandies borrow the means of "acting" to create themselves aesthetically. As for Lord Darlington, he impersonates "a melodramatic romantic lover"; As for Mrs. Erlynne, she is acting the two roles: at first, a villainess, and then the ideal mother who can sacrifice herself for her daughter with pure love. Both dandies are acting to create the context fit for inventing themselves as a work of art within the social and theatrical conventions. However, neither of them succeeds in their endeavors and to live as what dandy ought to be, they have no choice but to leave England.


Magnetic shielding devices work at different temperatures due to the influence of gas chamber and environmental temperature in the application of ultra-highly sensitive spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) magnetometers. To accurately evaluate the residual magnetic field (MF) of a magnetic shielding device at different temperatures, it is necessary to build a magnetization model considering temperature. However, the modeling of permalloy's magnetization properties and the measurement of residual MF in magnetic shielding devices at different temperatures have not been considered. In this paper, an optimized Jiles–Atherton (JA) model of permalloy considering temperature is constructed, in which parameters are extracted using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. To further verify the effectiveness of the model in the magnetic shielding device, it is applied to the residual MF simulation of magnetic shielding devices and verified by measurement. The optimized JA model considering temperature improves the calculation accuracy of magnetic shielding devices, which is of great significance for the application of ultra-highly sensitive SERF magnetometers.


ABSTRACT This editorial introduces the context for a special issue of the Journal of Wetland Archaeology, co-edited by Mairi Davies, Tom Gardner, Benjamin Gearey, Tymon de Haas, Mans Schepers and Michael Stratigos. The volume is a result of a session of the 2021 Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists hosted virtually by Kiel University entitled 'The Historical Ecology of Reclamation Landscapes: Towards a Cross-Cultural Comparative Perspective'. The papers explore the archaeology and historical ecology of wetland environments which have been reclaimed and thus take on unique and important characteristics. This includes ever increasing importance as calls grow for wetland environments globally to be restored in order to combat two of the key challenges of the Anthropocene – climate change and biodiversity declines.


Salmonellosis is a foodborne disease (FBD) that affects public health and can cause death in people. Many outbreaks of Salmonellosis have been reported due to the contamination of raw milk and dairy products with the pathogen. To determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in milk samples from four dairy herds in the Sabana of Bogotá in 2017, 112 milk samples were taken directly from the mammary gland during milking. All milk samples were cultured and tested to isolate and identify Salmonella spp. using microbiological and molecular methods. Salmonella spp. prevalence of milk samples was found to be 20.5% (n=23). The main Salmonella serovars isolated were S. Newport (60.87%), S. Typhimurium (17.4%), S. Virchow, S. Bredeney, and S. Anatum (4.3% each one of the serovars). However, it was not possible to determine the Salmonella serotype in two isolates. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in milk has not been studied extensively in Colombia. The 20.5% in the prevalence might be due to fact that the sample was taken directly from the mammary gland allowing a better chance of isolation by avoiding the dilutional effect of mixed milk from different cows in the buckets. This also suggests that the infection of the udder could have occurred by hematogenous dissemination or by milking machine contamination. This study highlights the need to implement measures to prevent contamination and reduce the problem in the herds, which will result in milk and dairy products with high standards of innocuity and quality and decrease the risk of foodborne illness.


The rising tide of Islamophobia and the consequent acts of violence pertaining to it over the past couple of years, is inflicting misery on Muslims living across the globe. This situation calls for a clear understanding of the phenomenon of Islamophobia. Using the New Historicist approach, this paper embarks on reading Hanif Kureishi's The Black Album (1995) in the backdrop of the politics of Islamophobia in the pre-9/11 context. It thus attempts to highlight the working of the West-driven anti-Muslim political and literary discourse prevalent during the pre-9/11, or post-Cold-War era. The application of Stephen Greenblatt's thesis of power, subversion and containment enables us to examine the selected novel by situating it within the actual political discourse prevalent during the time of its production to examine its treatment of the Western political narrative of Islamophobia. The study finds that since the 1990s, the West has been relying heavily on the political discourse that intensifies the narrative of Islamophobia in order to contain the subversion it encountered in the form of rising Muslim influence and immigration crises in the West. In the case of literary discourse however, we suggest that while The Black Album (1995) may seem to comply to the Western narrative of Islamophobia, it also offers sights of subversion to the anti-Muslim narrative by exposing Western bias and racist tendencies; and, in return, it ultimately demands negotiation and change.


The authors surveyed 20 excellent female long jumpers who took part in nationaltrack-field tournament.With the method of literature study,picture recording analysis,measurement,this paper studies the character of female long jumpers in the air,discusses the relation between technique in the air and sport result,analyzes the effect extent of technique in the air on the sports result.For national female long jumpers,the different techniques in the air affect the take off results differently.Compared with the sail style and the hang style,the hitch kick style have advantages to join the front swing and trig swing of swing leg tightly,to speed the buffer and stretch of take-off leg,to acquire more vertical muzzle velocity and to decrease losing of horizontal velocity,which results in more velocity and more angle when take off,and more vertical height of body center,has advantage to obtain better result.


In the recent decade, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold standard for the treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis with advantages in regard to postoperative pain, hospital stay, early return to activities of daily living and acceptable cosmetic results. Minilaparotomy cholecystectomy has been suggested as an alternative to conventional as well as to the laparoscopic cholecystectomy as it incorporates the benefits of both these procedures. This study aims to compare laparoscopic and minilaparotomy cholecystectomy in the treatment of cholelithiasis regarding perioperative complications, length of hospital stay, surgical time, incidence of reoperation and conversion to open surgery and time for returning to labor activities. The study subjects were patients, admitted with diagnosis of cholelithiasis, who subsequently underwent cholecystectomy at Department Of General Surgery S.P. Medical College and associated group of Hospital Bikaner (Rajasthan) between jun. 2014 and Jan. 2015. We included patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis divided into two groups: group one—minilaparotomy and group two—laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In results There were 50 patients with cholelithiasis: 11 males (22%) and 39 females (78%). There were 25 patients in each group. Mean operative time was 33 min for minilaparotomy and 42.5 min for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (p = <0.001). Average hospital stay was 3 days for minilaparotomy and 2 days for laparoscopy (p = 0.129). Complications of minilaparotomy were demonstrated in 8% of patients and for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 20% of patients (p = 0.189). In conclusion Minilaparotomy cholecystectomy has results similar to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


Some ways of estimating the values of the intrinsic viscosity of chitosan were analyzed. It was shown that the method of Irzhak and Baranov for estimating the current value of the intrinsic viscosity allows to adequately estimates the conformational state of the macromolecular coil and its degree of swelling.


Neutrophil disorders are commonly encountered in clinical practice. However, these encompass a variety of different conditions with variable presentation, making neutrophil disorders a diagnostic challenge to most clinicians. These disorders can be better understood when approached by distinguishing between disorders affecting mainly neutrophil numbers or function and by identifying which normal neutrophil processes are affected. The choice of assays for investigation of neutrophil disorders depends on a variety of factors, for example family history, clinical and laboratory findings. 1–3 This article aims to provide an overview of the clinical presentation and recommended diagnostic tests for the most important neutrophil disorders.


We have proposed and demonstrated in recent years an unique technique to synthesize the two-frequency radiation by manipulating the amplitude and the phase of initial one-frequency lightwave. The output frequencies are symmetrical relatively to suppressed initial one and have strongly equal amplitudes and alternative phases. In this paper the principle of two-frequency radiation synthesis is summarized. The information structure of two-frequency radiation is examined and key aspects of its application are discussed concerning to the theory of precision spectral characterization of resonant structures and theory of quasi-harmonic oscillations and potential noise immunity.


An image processing method without information loss is presented in this paper,and the method is applied to optimize OCT images affected by the random moving of tissue.First,layer structures are enhanced by using coherence enhancing diffusion algorithm.Then sequential peak finding algorithm is used to find the location of the specific layer structure and its surrounding layer structures.After that,abnormity removal method is used to adjust the location of the specific layer structure,and the result is used as benchmark to optimize OCT images.With OCT images of retina as examples,it is shown the above method can effectively remove dithering in these images and be clinical helpful.


This bachelor thesis is focused on a financial analysis of the company IDC Prague Inc. The aim of this work is to assess the financial situation of the company and propose concrete measures that can help improve its management. The first part describes the methodology of financial analysis, its users and resources. In the analytical part I perform financial analysis of the company, through which the company is evaluated and given appropriate recommendations.


This paper develops a search-theoretic model to study the interaction between banking and monetary policy and how this interaction affects the allocation and welfare. In decentralized monetary economies, uncertainty regarding opportunities to trade typically implies an inefficiency in allocation due to liquidity constraints. This paper studies how banking arises endogenously in a monetary economy to improve the allocation by reallocating liquidities across agents. We show that banking can always improve allocation in the decentralized market, but the existence and welfare implication of banking depend on the monetary policy. For low money growth rates, banking does not exist. For high money growth rates, banking exists and is welfare-improving. In particular, banking is needed to support a monetary equilibrium. For moderate money growth rates, banking exists and is welfare-reducing. Owing to general equilibrium feedback, banking can be supported in equilibrium even though welfare is higher without banking. One implication is that, due to the non-linear effect of inflation on the welfare, measuring the welfare cost of inflation by extrapolating historical data may underestimate the actual cost. J.E.L. Classification Numbers: E40, E50


Measurements of sound transmission loss have been successfully carried out on various thicknesses of nylon membrane as an absorbing material. Nylon membrane were prepared using hydrogen chloride (HCl) and acetyl aceton in the casting solution by phase inversion methods. Nylon membrane with different thickness used in this reseach were 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm. Measurement of sound transmission loss was carried out using a reverberation chamber with sound frequencies of 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz. The results show that, with the increase of thickness of nylon membrane, sound transmission loss of nylon membran was improved. The sound transmission loss of nylon membrane with thickness of 4 mm is the best, whose sound trasnmission loss was up to 46.39 dB at 4000 Hz. This nylon membrane is suitable for lightweight sound barriers and is promising and worthy of further study.


Organizations are searching for new methodologies to address their biggest concern for the future ‐ their health. In a world of risk, danger, and corporate diseases, survival may depend on resilience. Addressing organizational health offers opportunities for harnessing powerful resources within an organization, including the pathologies which often manifest themselves in patterns such as the euphoria of corporate adrenaline, the terror of inside competition, the scripts of success and failure ‐ each reflecting the trauma which can cripple an organization "invisibly". These pathologies are epidemic; the patterns repeat in every industry, every government and social institution. The workplace of the future will also manifest these conditions. How we choose to address the pathologies, and our health, can change. We may complain, deny, point fingers and cry. We may delude ourselves with the antiseptic quick fix! Or we can address our health honestly and with honour. Our future is at stake.


The use of grouped data results in a downward bias in estimates of inequality because grouping omits intra-group inequality. This note shows that using grouped data may not lead to similar difficulties when estimating statistics such as the Gini income elasticity, which provides information on the impact on inequality of a marginal change in an income source, tax, or transfer.


The subject is introduced by referring to the development of rural electrification since the early 1920s, and describes the British rural electrification programme 1953–63, which ensured that by the latter date 85% of farms in Great Britain had a public supply of electricity. After reviewing the state of farming today, and pointing out that the scale of operations is still increasing while the labour content is decreasing the review makes the point that the viability of farming in these circumstances is due to the intensification of livestock keeping and crop production, which has enabled the productivity of farms to be vastly increased. The characteristics of the electrical load on the farms are next described, and an estimate is made of the probable electricity consumptions and connected loads for various types of farming enterprise. Details are then given of the electrical equipment involved in the production of milk especially for milk cooling and for water heating to maintain hygiene. The various applications of electricity associated with pig, poultry and beef production are quantified, and especially in connection with pig and poultry production some indication is given of the principles involved in ventilation systems. The paper then describes the equipment required for the preparation of livestock feed and for automatic feeding of farm animals. Crops are next dealt with. First the conservation of green crops with an indication of the electrical potential for grass drying and hay drying, and a detailed description of the methods used for the latter. Types of grain drier and the storage facilities required, together with an indication of the development of these are given. The Section on crops is concluded by a description of methods of vegetable conditioning and storage, and particularly that required for potatoes and onions. After describing the need for observing safe conditions on the farm, both for electrical machinery and associated wiring as well as mobile equipment, the paper is concluded by suggesting possible future developments, based on current research work, which may become viable within the near future.


In a celebrated work, Blais, Brody, and Matulef developed a technique for proving property testing lower bounds via reductions from communication complexity. Their work focused on testing properties of functions, and yielded new lower bounds as well as simplified analyses of known lower bounds. Here, we take a further step in generalizing the methodology of Blais et al. to analyze the query complexity of graph parameter estimation problems. In particular, our technique decouples the lower bound arguments from the representation of the graph, allowing it to work with any query type.
We illustrate our technique by providing new simpler proofs of previously known tight lower bounds for the query complexity of several graph problems: estimating the number of edges in a graph, sampling edges from an almost-uniform distribution, estimating the number of triangles (and more generally, $r$-cliques) in a graph, and estimating the moments of the degree distribution of a graph. We also prove new lower bounds for estimating the edge connectivity of a graph and estimating the number of instances of any fixed subgraph in a graph. We show that the lower bounds for estimating the number of triangles and edge connectivity also hold in a strictly stronger computational model that allows access to uniformly random edge samples.


The Authors' reply Dr Lentini raised the issue of rheumatic involvement of tricuspid valve (TV) in patients undergoing surgery for rheumatic mitral valve (MV) disease regarding our recently published paper.1 Although tricuspid regurgitation (TR) associated with MV disease is most likely 'functional' in nature, organic involvement of TV in rheumatic MV disease is reported as common, and its detection rate is affected by several factors, including the sensitivity of detection methods.2 Reviewing …


The article deals with the issues of special procedures for the criminal proceedings of the Russian Federation within the existing legislation in the procedural criminal law of Russia. Special procedures of the criminal proceedings are analyzed according to the aims of assignment, grounds of application, subjects having the right to special procedures, crime types, the form of preliminary investigation, the absence of objections of the sides, the participation of an advocate and an accused, the procedure of a judicial sitting and sentencing, the imposition of penalty, procedural expenses and reconsideration procedure. Positive and negative points of application of special orders in criminal proceedings are considered.


The development of a tunneling robot for trenchless drilling has many different design aspects. Suitable hardware requires to be developed that can withstand the torques and forces that are generated by the drilling of the tunnel. A suitable route requires to be plotted that considers the maneuverability of the robot and avoids any obstacles or existing infrastructure. The control of such a system requires to be implemented in such a way that the system can follow the desired route while maintaining the required drill speed and avoid becoming stuck within the tunnel created.


M ATHEMATICS IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS A universal language. Compared with the differences in language and culture faced by students who are recent immigrants, the differences in mathematical notation and procedures seem to be minor. Nevertheless, immigrant students confront noticeable differences between the way that mathematical ideas are represented in their countries of origin and the manner that they are represented in the United States. If not addressed, the differences in notation and procedures can add to the difficulties that immigrants face during their first years in a new country. Exposing teachers to these differences expands their repertoires and gives them an appreciation of their students' previous experiences and struggles. For example, the statement 59 : 8 = 7 + 3 : 8 might cause a teacher in the United States to pause until he or she realizes that the colon can also denote division; the statement is another way to express the conversion of 59/8 to 7 3/8. In the same way, an immigrant student might hesitate when faced with unfamiliar notation. Confusion may also arise when parents who were schooled in other countries try to help their children by using procedures that are different from those taught in the United States (Ron 1998).


Nurse educators are called upon to provide innovative experiences for students to prepare them to work in complex healthcare settings. As part of this preparation, developing observational and communication skills is critical for nurses and can directly affect patient outcomes. Visual thinking strategies (VTS) is a teaching method that has been studied in primary education to develop communication and observational skills. VTS has potential to improve these same skills in nursing yet only one study has been done including nursing students and none have researched what meaning VTS has for them. This research study sought to answer the following questions: What meaning does VTS have for nursing students? How do nursing students use it in caring for patients? Students at a large Midwestern university in a Bachelor of Science program were recruited for participation. Students who voluntarily participated in a previous VTS experience were invited to participate in a second one, followed by an interview. Interpretive phenomenology was used to analyze the interviews and the following themes were identified: Feeling safe in learning and seeing and thinking differently. A literature review was performed to further expand these themes. Analysis of the findings and implications for future research are discussed.


Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of malignant lymphoma (ML), accounting for 30-40% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cases in adults. A specific type of NHL, primary paranasal sinus lymphoma (PPSL), is a rare neoplasm of extranodal NHL and can often be difficult to diagnose. It generally has a poor prognosis because of the complex anatomy of the region and it can usually be noticed at an advanced stage.
Case presentation: In this case report, we present diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the maxillary sinus in a patient who applied to our clinic with the complaint of swelling in the maxillary anterior region for 3 months. Before coming to our clinic,the patient was examined by several physicians who missdiagnosed her condition. After radiological evaluations and histopathological examination the correct diagnosis was made and the patient was referred to the Hematology Clinic where chemotherapy was planned .
Coclusion: Despite the advancement of modern diagnostic methods, timely recognition of disease symptoms still forms the basis of early diagnosis. This case report demonstrates the need for systematically examination of anatomical structures during clinical and radiographic evaluation in terms of early diagnosis and to prevent delays in treatment.


Srinivasa N. Raja and Claudia L. Sommer, editors IASP Press, Washington, D.C. © 2014 187 Marshall Devor, PhD,a Yves De Koninck, PhD,b,c and Claudia Sommer, MDd aDepartment for Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Life Sciences and Center for Research on Pain, Th e Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; bDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, Canada; cQuebec Mental Health Institute, Quebec, Canada; dDepartment of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany 17 Underlying Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain


This manuscript demonstrates the design, modification and initial investigation of a co-precipitation method for manufacturing of inorganic fullerene WS2 nanoparticles. Different preparation methods starting with various precursors have been investigated. Furthermore, the influence of temperature, reaction time, and reaction gases etc, on the synthesis of inorganic fullerene WS2 nanomaterials was investigated, and these parameters were optimised based on combined characterisations using XRD, SEM and TEM.


Mental retardation (MR) has often been considered an intellectual impairment principally requiring educational or social interventions; hence, the psychiatric dimension of the problem has been neglected (Potter, 1971). This is particularly true for children and adolescents with MR (Masi et al., 1996). The impact of MR on personality development is confirmed by psychopathological vulnerability of people with MR (Masi, 1997). According to the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994), all the types of mental disorders can be observed in these subjects, with a prevalence estimated to be at least 3 or 4 times higher than in the general population. Rutter et al. (1970) in their epidemiological study in the isle of Wight examined psychiatric and behavioural problems in all 9 and 10 year old with IQ under 70, screened by group IQ test, then assessed with individual WISC (Weschler, 1974) (59 subjects). They used standardised parent


The purpose of this guide is to provide a one-stop resource for student and instructor. This tab will help you sift through the mystery of scientific writing


In order to discuss the risk factors when critically ill patients of ICU go out to examination and reduce the risk of the critically ill patient of ICU,we discuss and analyze the risk factors of 312 ICU patients of going out to examination,researched countermeasures to reduce the risk.Those are standardizing the examine process of the critically ill patient of ICU,doing a good preparation and paying attention the patients on the way and after examination.The result is that 285 patients with no accidents safely return ICU.Because giving the corresponding measures,the remaining 27 patients with some risks also safely return.


Adaptive landscape has been a fundamental concept in many branches of modern biology since Wright's first proposition in 1932. Meanwhile, the general existence of landscape remains controversial. The causes include the mixed uses of different landscape definitions with their own different aims and advantages. Sometimes the difficulty and the impossibility of the landscape construction for complex models are also equated. To clarify these confusions, based on a recent formulation of Wright's theory, the current authors construct generalized adaptive landscape in a two-loci population model with non-gradient dynamics, where the conventional gradient landscape does not exist. On the generalized landscape, a population moves along an evolutionary trajectory which always increases or conserves adaptiveness but does not necessarily follow the steepest gradient direction. Comparisons of different aspects of various landscapes lead to a conclusion that the generalized landscape is a possible direction to continue the exploration of Wright's theory for complex dynamics.


Energy storage equipment is an important part of integrated energy systems, but the construction and operational costs of it are great. Therefore, it's difficult to apply energy storage equipment on a large scale. As an alternative measure, adjusting controllable loads including electric vehicles (EVs) and air conditioning loads jointly can transfer loads across time periods and reduce variation difference between heat and electric loads. These controllable loads can be regarded as "virtual energy storage system". Managing the charging of EVs and heat storage of buildings, a joint virtual energy storage system including electric energy storage and thermal energy storage is proposed in this paper. Then, these models are integrated into a scheduling model for regional integrated energy system (RIES). The charging/discharging power management of joint virtual energy storage systems can be realized by arranging the charging of EVs based on vehicle-driven rules and by adjusting building indoor temperatures within the temperature comfort range. Finally, simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheduling method. Simulation results show that the RIES optimal scheduling model considering joint virtual energy storage can reduce operational costs. The stability of RIES is improved with the combination of virtual electrical and thermal energy storage.


The ionosphere can be a major impediment to the operation of low frequency radio telescopes such as LOFAR (low frequency array). At frequencies in the HF band, signal paths from extraterrestrial sources can be severely distorted when traversing the ionosphere and even be reflected back into space before reaching the ground. The ionosphere is a continuously varying medium and so there can be times when there are frequencies for which ground based astronomical observations are impossible. This is exacerabated by the fact that the ionosphere can vary quite considerably over the area of the telescope array and hence cause extreme distortion to the array beam forming. It is the purpose of the following paper to investigate the effect of the ionosphere, and ionospheric variations, upon the operation of radio telecopes at low frequency. Further, to develop techniques for predicting what frequencies might be available, at a given time and season, for astronomical observations. The investigations are carried out by means of raytracing that uses a numerical solution the Haselgrove equations and an ionosphere that is based on the IRI90 ionospheric model. (Below is an example of the distortion caused to rays approaching the LOFAR telescope at a variety of elevations and from which it will be noted that the ionsophere can caused severe distortion at low frequencies.) The adaptation of frequency management techniques for HF communications to the needs of LOFAR is also investigated.


Dual polarization interferometry (DPI) is a newly developed label-free, real-time, sensitive and high-resolution surface analysis technique. It allows to accurately determine the layer thickness, mass and density, and to gain the kinetics and structural information during the molecular interaction process. In this review, we first briefly introduce the basic principle of DPI technique, the components of DPI apparatus, and the comparison of DPI with other analysis techniques. Then the applications of DPI in studying the biomolecular interaction are discussed, including the interaction of protein-protein and protein-other molecules, the interaction of DNA with other molecules, the interaction of biomembrane with other molecules, as well as the monitoring of protein adsorption/desorption, aggregation and crystallization processes. The summary and future perspectives are also given in the conclusion.


Two forms of col laborative planning for inservice edu cation have been identified: egalitar ian and dialectical. The local setting may render one form more appro priate than the other. A project di rector who is knowledgeable of both forms is better equipped to guide staff development. efforts.


The two-body problem is considered with an additional thrust induced
acceleration. Stationary solutions are obtained to this problem in a rotating frame of
reference which generate families of displaced circular orbits when viewed from an
interial frame of reference. The existence and stability of these orbits is considered
along with applications such as in-situ observations of Saturn's ring system and
spacecraft proximity motion.


This study aimed to examine the relationship between the physical activity (PA) levels of parents and that showed by their children. A sample comprised of 1604 adolescents (807 Portuguese, 797 Spanish) participated in this study. For PA data collection it was used a questionnaire for parents and another one for their children. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the PA levels of parents and that showed by their children. Adolescents with active parents practiced more often non-organized PA (59.4% vs. 37.9%, p<0.001), organized PA (39.6% vs. 22.7%, p<0.001) on a weekly basis, and during more time (24.8% vs. 17.0%, p=0.010) than those who had a mother and father less actives. Adolescents with active mothers and less active fathers (OR=1.8, 95% IC: 1.3-2.7, p=0.002), and those who had both active parents (OR=2.1, 95% IC: 1.4-3.2, p<0.001) were more likely to practice non-organized PA. To have active father and less active mother (OR=1.6, 95% IC: 1.1-2.1, p=0.024), and have both active parents (OR=1.6, 95% IC: 1.1- 2.3, p=0.017) were associated with a greater likelihood of practice of organized AF. These results highlight the relationship between parents PA participation and their children PA participation.


I saw these tweets within five minutes of each other this morning:

Google, micro-learning & the future of education http://t.co/fOOR8UrcAa via @thenextweb
— gecon gamification (@gecon_es) October


Ameloblastomas constitute about 1% of all jaw cysts and tumors. They are aggressive neoplasms arising in the mandible or maxilla and consist of proliferating odontogenic epithelium supported by fibrous stroma. When present in the maxilla they may extend into the maxillary sinus, the nose, the orbit, or even the base of the skull. Various theories have been proposed as to the pathogenesis of these lesions. Most, however, agree that they only rarely arise from a nonneoplastic or dentigerous cyst. Isolated reports exist of extraosseous, peripheral, or soft tissue ameloblastomas. We present a case of a maxillary ameloblastoma that arose with no prior dental history. The patient presented with unilateral nasal obstruction and intermittent epistaxis of 3 years' duration. The unique presentation together with the highly destructive propensity of this lesion when originating in the maxilla makes it worthy of consideration in the differential diagnosis of nasal and maxillary masses.


English is one of the important subjects in curriculum of Senior high school . Speaking is one of the language skills which demand the learners can communicate by using English fluently. Therefore, the teacher must use the appropriate teaching method to practice the learners so that they are able to speak English.
Role play is one of alternative method in teaching English.in Student-centered learning which demands the students to develop their knowledge and to involve themselves actively and cooperatively in mastering of knowledge by reflecting the context of reality.
The writer conducted classroom action research to solve the research problem. The research was conducted in SMA Islam-Al Hikmah Mayong Jepara in the academic year 2013/2014. The number of students are 30. This research consists of three cycles. They are: observation and test. Besides that, the writer also applied the research design in every cycle as follows: planning, action, observation, analysis and reflection.
The average score percentage of the students' speaking skill in cycle I is 68,8. There were 12 (40%) students who had got scores under the criteria Minimal Score. In cycle II, the average score percentage of the students' speaking skill is 73 there were 8 (27%) students who had got scores under the criteria Minimal Score . So, there is an increasing of the average score of the students' speaking skill between cycle I and II. It is 4.2 (13 % ). The average score percentage of the students' speaking skill in cycle III is 76 there were 2 (7%) students who had got scores under the criteria Minimal Score . So, there is an increasing of the average score percentage of the students' speaking skill between cycle II and III. It is 3 ( 6 % ).There is an improvement of the students' activity in teaching English by using Role Play in every cycle. In cycle I, there are many students who are not active enough yet in teaching learning process. In cycle II, the number of students who are active in the practice is increase In cycle III, all of the student can be active in the practice although there are some students who still get the difficulties to speak English.
 Role play can improve the speaking ability of the student, so it is suggested that the English teacher uses role play as the alternative teaching method in teaching English to improve students' speaking skill. In application of role play , it demands the students to be active in speaking.


Abstract Photochemical enantioselective nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions are difficult to implement. We report a visible‐light‐mediated strategy that successfully couples symmetrical anhydrides and 4‐alkyl dihydropyridines (DHPs) to afford enantioenriched α‐substituted ketones under mild conditions. The chemistry does not require exogenous photocatalysts. It is triggered by the direct excitation of DHPs, which act as a radical source and as a reductant, facilitating the turnover of the chiral catalytic nickel complex.


The refined evaluation of reservoir parameters in development stage of oilfield is an important content of remaining oil study, because accuracy of parameters for calculation directly influences the reservoir calculation, establishment of reservoir model, reservoir evaluation and prediction of remaining oil distribution. In development stage, reservoir parameters are obtained from log treatment and interpretation. In fact, interpretation evaluation is a process to obtain quantitative data from log curves. But traditional interpretation is mostly limited in individual relationship inside geological body. We recommend treatment and interpretation with multi-well log data and emphasize truthfulness of change relationship between geological data and log data. In this case, there are advantages of abundant data and rich information. Different type reservoirs have different geological characteristics and corresponding log respond. We propose that log interpretation model can be established by characterizing quantitatively its changes to geological characteristics of different reservoirs. Taking Shengtuo oilfield as an example, we studied refined evaluation on reservoir parameters in development stage of oilfield. Our study consists of four research contents, including pretreatment and standardization of log data, variation analysis of reservoir tetrad property parameters in different development periods, establishment of log interpretation model and calculation of reservoir parameters, fuzzy evaluation of reservoir parameters. Based on a lot of studies, we believe that interpretation according to rate can be improved with tetrad property analysis on reservoir parameters, establishment log models using production test data and neural method. Results suggest that use of interpretation results and fuzzy mathematics method could make more accurate characterization and the distribution pattern of reservoir can be revealed. The study results on Shengtuo oilfield have been applied in remaining oil development and obtained good effects.


The invention relates to running bases with improved speed and gliding characteristics when they run over water, snow or ice surfaces or artificial materials that mimic these surfaces. In particular the invention relates to a method comprising sequentially treating at least a portion of the running base with one or more abrasive materials having a progressively smaller particle size.


Fostering innovative and entrepreneurial talents is the new requirements to vocational colleges in the new era. The cultivation of innovative entrepreneurial talents is the need for building an innovative country. Fostering innovative entrepreneurial talents needs for innovative entrepreneurial colleges. In order to nurture and bring up such colleges, as fostering and improving students ability and innovative spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship, it is the objective requirements of itself development, the Party and the Country's basic requirements; and the objective needs for economic and social development as well.


Vocational sports in China has been carried out throughout the country just like a raging fire,which contributes a lot to the construction of China's spiritual civilization as well as material civilization.On one hand,prosperity of vocational sports should be highlighted.On the other hand,such disadvantageous factors as pseudo ball and unfair judgment,which hinder the development of vocational sports,should be highly stressed and theoretically analyzed. As far as the vocational sports in China is concerned,it is preliminary and of a poor quality,therefore the developing patterns of vocational sports in the developed countries in terms of sports should be used for reference and an appropriate developing pattern with regard to vocational sports in China ought to be constructed in accordance with China's current situation,that is, a developing pattern with the guide as its dominant force under the supervision of the government.


Long-run institutional development co-evolves with fiscal accountability involving, perhaps requiring, a low and declining dependence on devolved resources and a high and rising share of direct taxes in total taxes. India's second and third tiers of government tend to under-perform relative to these standards. The extent of tax and functional devolution to these tiers is one possible explanation. However, one key finding is that these tiers under-collect direct taxes even relative to the powers that they have. Whether this could lead to a low equilibrium trap of weak direct tax collection leading to inadequate service delivery provision, back to weak collection and accountability, needs to be actively discussed


A novel series of 7 or 3-substituted norfloxacin derivatives were synthesized and characterized by H NMR, MS and elemental analysis techniques. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the MIC and MBC values were calculated by the broth dilution method. To understand the influence of the different type of substituents on the pharmacokinetic properties and the interaction with the target enzyme of fluoroquinolones (DNA gyrase), we performed a molecular docking study, and we calculated the ADMET properties.


The Green's function for relativistic spinless Aharonov–Bohm–Coulomb (ABC) system on the pseudo-sphere Λ(2) is calculated using Kleinert's path integral representation for relativistic spinless particles. The energy spectrum and the corresponding wave functions are extracted for bound and scattering states. The results in the nonrelativistic and flat space limits are considered.


A simplified-transistor macromodel of a highspeed multiplier/vga (variable gain amplifier), that supports dc, ac, transient, and noise analyses, is presented and analyzed.<<ETX>>


Green computing is defined as the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems-such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems-efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. The goal of green computing is to reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote the recyclability of outdated products and factory waste. Green computing can be achieved by either Product Longevity Resource allocation or Virtualization or Power management. Power is the bottleneck of improving the system performance. Power consumption is causing serious problems because of excessive heat. As circuit speed increases, power consumption grows. Data centers working with Cloud computing model have many applications that require on-demand resource provisioning and allocation in response to time-varying workloads that are statically allocated based on peak load characteristics, in order to maintain isolation and provide performance guarantees without paying much attention to energy consumption. Cloud service providers need to adopt measures to ensure that their profit margin is not dramatically reduced due to high energy costs. There is also increasing pressure from governments worldwide to reduce carbon footprints, which have a significant impact on climate change. As energy costs are increasing, while availability dwindles, there is a need to shift focus from optimizing data center resource management for pure performance alone to optimizing for energy efficiency while maintaining high service level performance. In this research paper I will focus on these policies which enable us to cut down data centre


Right atrial (RA) size was determined with two-dimensional echocardiography using the apical four-chamber view in 45 adult patients with various echocardiographic criteria for RA enlargement and in 25 normal controls. RA size varied from 11.4-24.0 cm2 (mean 16.1 cm2) in controls. RA enlargement (2 25 cm2) was found in only two of 11 patients with P pulmonale (predictive value [PVJ = 18%) and one of five with prominent positive P-wave forces in lead V, (PV = 20%). However, RA enlargement was found in eight of eight patients wh a qR pattern in lead V1 in the absence of clinical indications of coronary artery disease (PV = 100%). RA enlargement was also found in 13 of 28 patients with a total QRS amplitude in lead V, of 6 mm or less and a threefold or greater ratio of total QRS amplitude in lead V, relative to that in V, (V2/V1 2 3) (PV = 48%). A V2/V, ratio of 4 or more detected 11 of 13 patients with RA enlargement, with six false-positive diagnoses (sensitivity = 85%, specificity = 60%, PV = 65%). The combination of total QRS amplitude in V, of 4 mm or less, together with a Vj/V, ratio of 5 or more, detected six of 11 with RA enlargement, with one false-positive diagnosis (sensitivity = 46%, specificity = 93%, PV = 86%). We conclude that ECG criteria for RA enlargement that primarily use increased P-wave amplitude have a limited PV. The qR pattern in lead V, appears to be extremely accurate in detecting RA enlargement. ECG criteria in leads V, and V2 using decreased amplitude in leads V, and a V2/V, 2 3 are of some value in detecting RA enlargement.


The purpose of this paper is to find out which are the instruments for promoting offered by Facebook to clothing companies which realy helps them to increase awareness, sales, credibility and customer loyalty on the Romanian market.


DHGF principle and Entropy method are introduced at first,and then Entropy method is used to amend the subjectivity factor in DHGF process.As a reality application example,the assessment index system of Supermarket Emergency evacuation is build,DHGF and Entropy method are combined to assessment safety risk.The result indicates that using this method to ascertain risk level is according with the insurance company insured condition,it is applicable.


A distributed fiber sensing system based on ultraweak FBGs (UWFBGs) assisted polarization optical time-domain reflectometry (POTDR) is proposed for load and vibration sensing with improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity. UWFBGs with reflectivity higher than Rayleigh scattering coefficient per pulse are induced into a POTDR system to increase the intensity of the back signal. The performance improvement of the system has been studied. The numerical analysis has shown that the SNR and sensitivity of the system can be effectively improved by integrating UWFBGs along the whole sensing fiber, which has been clearly proven by the experiment. The experimental results have shown that by using UWFBGs with 1.1 × 10-5 reflectivity and 10-m interval distance, the SNR is improved by 11 dB, and the load and vibration sensitivities of the POTDR are improved by about 10.7 and 9 dB, respectively.


To meet the growing demand for better piezoelectric thin films for microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs), we have developed an SM-doped Pb(Mg1/3, Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (Sm-PMN-PT) epitaxial thin film as a next-generation piezoelectric thin film to replace Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT). The inherent piezoelectricity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\left |{ {e}_{{31},{f}} }\right |$ </tex-math></inline-formula> achieved 20 C/m2, which is greater than those of intrinsic PZT thin films and the best Nb-doped PZT thin film. Besides, the simulation results show that the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\left |{ {e}_{{31},{f}} }\right |$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value of the single Sm-PMN-PT film could be around 26 C/m2. Meanwhile, the breakdown voltage of the as-deposited thin film was higher than 300 kV/cm. These results suggest the high potential of the Sm-PMN-PT epitaxial thin film for piezo-MEMS actuators with large displacement or force.


Casey, Sharon A. (Writer) Overview of Receptive Operations of a Convention and Visitor Bureau (Title) Hospitality and Tourism Christine J. Clements December 1999 43 (Graduate Major) (Research Adviser) (Month/Year) (No. of Pages) American Psychological Association (Name of style Manual Used in the Study) The purpose of this study is to determine if the Eau Claire Convention and Visitor Bureau can function as a receptive operator. A receptive operator can be defined as doing the similar duties a tour operator. The Eau Claire Convention and Visitor Bureau wants to offer this service to motor coach tour groups coming into the community. The one objective is considering what are the funding mechanisms of becoming a receptive operator. The Bureau wants to understand how to receive money that is generated by the receptive operation. Another objective is to analyze the services that are offered and utilized at the Convention and Visitor Bureau. The Bureau would offer receptive services to a tour operators that are coming into their community to book a motor coach tour. The Bureau wants to provide the function of making the arrangements for the tour operator. The arrangements would consist of hotel rooms, meals or group tours for the motor coaches. The last objective is to understand the gathering and reviewing of promotional materials. The Eau Claire Convention and Visitor Bureau promotes the area by letting the public know what services they provide. The Eau Claire Bureau will be able to compare how other bureaus market. They will understand what ways are effective for providing a receptive operation. The research showed many Bureaus might offer only partial services. A Convention and Visitor Bureau that is a full receptive operator may need to be a nonmembership bureau. Not being a membership bureau, the Convention and Visitor Bureau can offer the tour group the best hotel, restaurant or attraction that would accommodate them. A membership bureau needs to be fair to all the members without favoring one or the other. The Eau Claire Convention and Visitor Bureau is striving to become an effective Bureau for the public. The community and its resources is something the Bureau knows more about then a tour operator. The tour operator will come into a community and give the motor coach group tour an excellent excursion with the help of the Bureau.


The technological developments of recent times have allowed the use of innovative approaches to support the diagnosis of various diseases. Many of such clinical conditions are often associated with metabolic unbalance, in turn producing an alteration of the gut microbiota even during asymptomatic stages. As such, studies regarding the microbiota composition in biological fluids obtained by humans are continuously growing, and the methodologies for their investigation are rapidly changing, making it less invasive and more affordable. To this extent, Electronic Nose and Electronic Tongue tools are gaining importance in the relevant field, making them a useful alternative—or support—to traditional analytical methods. In light of this, the present manuscript seeks to investigate the development and use of such tools in the gut microbiota assessment according to the current literature. Significant gaps are still present, particularly concerning the Electronic Tongue systems, however the current evidence highlights the strong potential such tools own to enter the daily clinical practice, with significant advancement concerning the patients' acceptability and cost saving for healthcare providers.


Argon bottom stirring is commonly practiced in secondary steelmaking processes due to its positive effects on achieving uniform temperatures and chemical compositions throughout a steel melt. It can also be used to facilitate slag metal refining reactions. The inter-mixing phenomena associated with argon gas injection through porous plugs set in the bottom and its stirring efficiency can be summarized by evaluations of 95% mixing times. This study focuses on investigating the impact of different plug positions and ratios of argon flow rates from two plugs on mixing behavior within a 110-tonne, elliptical-shaped industrial ladle. A quasi-single-phase modeling technique was employed for this purpose. The CFD findings revealed that the optimal position of the second plug is to be placed diametrically opposite the existing one at an equal mid-radius distance (R/2). An equal distribution of argon flow rates yielded the best results in terms of refractory erosion. A comparative study was conducted between single- and dual-plug-configured ladles based on flow behavior and wall shear stresses using this method. Furthermore, a transient multiphase model was developed to examine the formation of slag open eyes (SOE) for both single- and dual-plug configurations using a volume of fluid (VOF) model. The results indicated that the dual-plug configuration outperformed the current single-plug configuration.


Pyrazolino[60]fullerene covalently-linked to ferrocene and N,N-dimethylaniline groups has been prepared and studied using time-resolved spectroscopic methods. The fluorescence quenching of the C(60) moiety indicates that charge-separation takes place via the singlet excited state of the C(60) moiety in both polar and non-polar solvents. The charge-separated state, in which an electron is localized on the C(60) sphere and a hole is located on the whole donor moieties of ferrocene, pyrazole, and N,N-dimethylaniline groups, has been confirmed by nanosecond transient spectra in the visible and near-IR spectral region. The lifetimes of the radical ion-pairs are as long as 30 - 50 ns in both polar and non-polar solvents.


BACKGROUND
No prospective epidemiologic studies have examined associations between use of oral contraceptives (OC) or menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and risk of pituitary adenoma in women.

METHODS
We evaluated the association of OC/MHT with risk of pituitary adenoma in the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II by computing multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (MVHR) of pituitary adenoma by OC/MHT use using Cox proportional hazards models. Simultaneously, we carried out a matched case-control study using an institutional data repository to compute multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (MVOR) of pituitary adenoma by OC/MHT use.

RESULTS
During 6,668,019 person-years, 331 participants reported a diagnosis of pituitary adenoma. Compared to never-users, neither past (MVHR=1.05, 95%CI:0.80-1.36) nor current OC use (MVHR=0.72, 95%CI:0.40-1.32) was associated with risk. For MHT, compared to never-users, both past (MVHR=2.00, 95%CI:1.50-2.68) and current use (MVHR=1.80, 95%CI:1.27-2.55) were associated with pituitary adenoma risk, as was longer duration (MVHR=2.06, 95%CI:1.42-2.99 comparing >5 years of use to never, p-trend=0.002). Results were similar in lagged analyses, when stratified by BMI, and among those with recent healthcare utilization. In the case-control analysis, we included 5,469 cases. Risk of pituitary adenoma was increased with ever use of MHT (MVOR=1.57, 95%CI 1.35-1.83) and OC (MVOR=1.27, 95%CI:1.14-1.42) compared to never.

CONCLUSION
Compared to never use, current and past MHT use and longer duration of MHT use were positively associated with higher risk of pituitary adenoma in two independent datasets. OC use was not associated with risk in the prospective cohort analysis and was associated with only mildly increased risk in the case-control analysis.


Nitrification, denitrification and other biological nitrogen metabolic processes were all the sources for N_2O and NO_x in biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. The factors affecting the production of these intermediates included the concentration of electron acceptor and donor, pH, type of buffers, organic load, microorganisms and SRT. The facts that NO_2 could oxidate NH~+_4 and enhance aerobic and anaerobic ammonia oxidation, NO could prevent aerobic ammonia oxidation from inhibition of C_2H_2 and the both could benefit the recovery of the activity of aerobic ammonia oxidation showed the important roles of these intermediates in nitrogen biological metabolism. The new technology for biological nitrogen removal from wastewater based on NO_2 and the cometabolism of Brocadia anammoxidans and Nitrosomonas will be a significant focus in future. Fig 4, Ref 35


Struvite‐K is the natural potassium equivalent to Struvite. Struvite‐K crystals were grown by single diffusion gel growth technique in silica hydro gel medium. Struvite‐K crystals with different morphologies having transparent to translucent diaphaneity were grown with different growth parameters. The phenomenon of Liesegang rings was also observed with some particular growth parameters. The crystals were characterized by powder XRD, FT‐IR, TGA and dielectric study. The powder XRD results of Struvite‐K confirmed the orthorhombic crystal structure. The FT‐IR spectrum proved the presence of water of hydration, metal – oxygen bond and P – O bond. The TGA, DSC and DTA were carried out simultaneously. It was found that crystals started dehydrating and decomposing from 75 °C and finally at 600 °C temperature it became 64.14% of the original weight and remained almost constant up to the end of analysis. From the thermo‐gravimetry, the numbers of the water molecules associated with the crystal were calculated and found to be 5. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of dehydration / decomposition process were calculated. The variation of dielectric constant with frequency of applied field was studied in the range from 400 Hz to 100 kHz, which exhibited the decreasing nature of the dielectric constant as frequency increased. The dielectric study showed that a.c. conductivity increased and consequently the a.c. resistivity decreased with the increase in frequency. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The non-H atoms of the title molecule, C19H16N2O2, are almost coplanar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.019 A), apart from the phenyl group, which is disordered with two components of almost equal occupancy: the dihedral angle between them is 78.9 (3)°. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the molecules into [001] chains and aromatic π–π stacking interactions [shortest centroid–centroid separation = 3.747 (2) A] form columns parallel to the c-axis direction.


We investigate speech-coding strategies for brain-machine-interface (BMI) based speech prostheses. We present an articulatory speech-synthesis system using an experimental integrated-circuit vocal tract that models the human vocal tract. Our articulatory silicon vocal tract makes feasible the transmission of low bit-rate speech-coding parameters over a bandwidth-constrained body sensor network (BSN). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first articulatory speech-prosthesis system reported to date. We also present a speech-prosthesis simulator (SPS) as a means to generate realistic articulatory parameter sequences.


Leaching of copper smelting slag in chloride media was studied. The lixiviants used were aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid (0.5-2.0 M HCl) as well as hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid (0.5-3.0 M H2O2, 1.0 M HCl). The maximum final copper extraction from the slag of 73% was attained with 3 M H2O2, at room temperature after 120 minutes of reaction. At the same time, 55% of the iron from the slag was also dissolved. The copper extraction increased during the first 60 minutes of reaction and essentially ceased thereafter. Because of a rapid catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, it should be added contiuously to the leach suspension rather than at once at the begining of the experiment. In fact, it appears that almost complete dissolution of copper from the slag is achievable after about 4 hours of leaching by implementing the method of continuous lixiviant addition. Also, it seems that the final iron extraction could be limitied to as low as 20% by


Message-Driven system supports to quickly (and asynchronously) perceive and respond the messages in transactions. It provides the ability to construct loosely coupled system. A complex Message-Driven system generally serves for many parallel tasks. Synchronization mechanism is unavoidable. Some specific dead lock problems might be caused by inappropriate resources competition among parallel tasks. At first, this paper analyzes such resource competition problem in Message-Driven system. Then several techniques and solutions are provided to resolve the resource competition problem. With these solutions, the system designers and developers could build more robust systems by avoiding resource dead-lock risk during system design and implementation.


Atomic clocks are radio frequency sources that generate stable electrical signals with fixed frequencies. Interest in miniaturized atomic clocks—with volumes of a few cubic centimeters— has increased as their accuracy and stability have improved. They are capable of operating with low power consumption and long-term instabilities below 10 11 per day. In contrast, comparable quartz-based clocks are much larger, less accurate, and consume more power. Miniaturized atomic clocks are used in the precision time protocol, which is an approach to distribute synchronization over next-generation Internet protocolbased packet networks. They can also be useful in civil and military applications, as well as global positioning system receivers, which lock more rapidly to satellites to provide faster acquisition of precise positioning information. Research into miniaturized atomic clocks has been primarily occurring in the United States.1, 2 However, in 2008 the European Commissionfunded microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) atomic clocks for timing, frequency control, and communications (MAC-TFC) initiative began. Here, we describe our advances in verticalcavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for use in miniaturized atomic clocks. Miniaturized atomic clocks generally comprise a laser source, rubidium or cesium vapor cell, photodiode (which receives the laser light transmitted through the vapor cell), tunable oscillator, and intelligent electronics. Miniaturized atomic clocks employ a quantum mechanical effect called coherent population trapping,3 which requires illuminating the cesium atom with two coherent laser beams with a certain frequency spacing and center wavelength. Among the allowed optical transitions in the cesium atom, the so-called D1 line has a frequency spacing of about 9.2GHz and preferred center wavelength of 894.6nm. Rather than employing two coherent light sources, one can harmonically modulate the current of the laser (with the center Figure 1. Schematic cross-section of our flip-chip-bondable verticalcavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) built on a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate. The n-via electrically connects the n-metallization to the n-contact, so the latter can be accessed from the epitaxial side of the chip.


To maintain power generation companies market share in new business environment, they should build many power plants and for competition's sake reduce construction costs which account for 41.1% of the price of electricity generation. Adopting the target costing should improve the power company's competitiveness, help extend market share and facilitate construction of future power plants. This thesis based on target costing theory and case study of Nissan motors. A target costing system sets cost targets by subtracting the required profit margin from the competitive market price. Although building a power plant is more complex, requiring huge project costs and extensive development periods, the business procedure is quite similar to that of other product industries. Power generation companies' target costing will process in two phases same as Nissan motor case. Despite some limitations of this study, target costing offers a pretty useful means for overseas project bidding stages, wherein the target costs prepared before bidding based on plant types allow for a rapid diversification of strategies. Adopting the target costing approach should prove highly useful for implementing the necessary program. It should improve the power company's competitiveness, help extend market share and facilitate construction of future power plants.


Objective Investigating the diagonosis and checking for color nomysis of uterus, through vaginal three dimentional colorful dopper imagingtechnigue comparing and unalysing between the checking result and pathology recult after operating. Methods Through vaginal three dimentional Ultrasound and three dimentional colorful Dolpra image check for 22 cases before operation and compared the results and analysed with pathological diagnosis after the operation. Compared and analysed every case with pathological result. Results 22 cases were found to increase in all uteral dimention, and become thicker from the echo of uterus wall through vagina three-dimension ultrasound before surgery, 21 cases were found to have micro crystals internal of uterus wall. Through vagina three-dimension ultrasound and uterus colorful dopper, 22 cases can be seen to have blood vessels inereasing, smooth and clear on vessel walls, also have high-speed and high vosistance artery spectrum. Conclusions Through vaginal 3-dimensinal ultrasound and vaginal 3-dimentional colorful dopra blood map, it can clearly reflect the ultrasonic characteristics of uteras adenomyosis and decide the disease location and scope, which is the useful supplement for 2-dimentianal ultrasound and has guiding significance for the determination of the gynecllogical surgery and has wider foreground for the clinical application.


This article studies the routing problem in a cognitive unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm (CU-SWARM), which employs the cognitive radio into a swarm of UAVs within a three-layer hierarchical aerial-ground integrated network architecture for emergency communications. In particular, the flexibly converged architecture utilizes a UAV swarm and a high-altitude platform to support aerial sensing and access, respectively, over the disaster-affected areas. We develop a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$</tex-math></inline-formula>-learning framework to achieve the intelligent routing to maximize the utility for CU-SWARM. To characterize the reward function, we take into account both the routing metric design and the candidate UAV selection optimization. The routing metric jointly captures the achievable rate and the residual energy of UAV. Besides, under the location, arc, and direction constraints, the circular sector is modeled by properly choosing the central angle and the acceptable signal-to-noise ratio for UAV to optimize the candidate UAV selection. With this setup, we further propose a low-complexity iterative algorithm using the dynamic learning rate to update <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$</tex-math></inline-formula>-values during the training process for achieving a fast convergence speed. Simulation results are provided to assess the potential of the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$</tex-math></inline-formula>-learning framework of intelligent routing as well as to verify our overall iterative algorithm via the dynamic learning rate for training procedure. Our findings reveal that the proposed algorithm converges in a few number of iterations. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can increase the accumulated rewards, and achieve significant performance gains, as compared to the benchmark schemes.


Software product line engineering has helped the industry to efficiently create families of similar products. However, the process of testing these products is not as advanced as the development techniques. Testing methods to efficiently test software product lines have been developed, but the majority of these techniques define test coverage in terms of syntactic characteristics. The problem with syntactic coverage criteria is that they give no insight in the actual behavior that is tested. This could lead to inefficient or inadequate testing. This study presents a more semantic definition of software product line test coverage. This semantic notion expresses test coverage in terms of weights, related to the behavior and variability in a software product line. These weights could be used to select and prioritize test cases based on their importance, resulting in more meaningful testing.


. Like any other industry, the service industries need to be analyzed in the light of changes and reforms improving them. Based on the nature of the product, the analysis, that accompanies the development and reforms in these industries, is very important. In the world, we live in every moment we are endangered by a high uncertainty. Our life, our house, our wealth and everything we dispose, is threatened by loss, theft, damage or destruction. To avoid the high intensity of natural risk, there are created the insurance companies. These companies cover the inability of insurers to take all the risk on themselves. The importance of security is higher in industrialized countries due to the high intensity of natural risk and the greatest concentration of population and great values in these countries. But, what happens with the insurance market in the country as Albania which has just passed a long period of transition


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in portion size of 11 types of foods that Korean adults frequently consume, based on the parameters of eating place, gender, and age using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Methods: The dietary survey data from 2012–2016 KNHANES was used. A total of 19,779 subjects (8,034 male [40.6%], 11,745 female [59.4%]) were classified based on gender, three age groups (19–29 years old [15.7%], 30–49 years old [46.9%], 50–64 years old [37.4%]) and three eating places (home, institution, and restaurants/convenient stores etc.). Results: The portion sizes according to the eating places were calculated as per the median intake of Korean adults. Foods that showed the highest median intake in restaurants/ convenience stores were boiled rice and kimchi stew. The median intake quantity of kimchi stew was the highest in restaurants/convenience stores in men across most age groups. Women in 30–49 years age group also consumed a lot of kimchi stew in restaurants/ convenience stores. Men in the age groups 30–49 and 50–64 years consumed soybean paste stew the most in institutions compared to home and restaurants/convenient stores. Stir-fried pork was consumed the most at institutional meal places across all age groups. Conclusion: The portion sizes of kimchi stew and boiled rice were the highest in restaurants/ convenience stores. As kimchi stew and soybean paste stew is high in sodium, the intake should be reduced in institutions and restaurants/convenience stores. Furthermore, it is necessary to reduce sodium intake through consumer nutrition education and the development of low-salt standard recipes for restaurants.


Housing Benefit is not designed to cover general housing costs such as utility bills or repairs. However, some claimants may be eligible for a discretionary housing payment if they are struggling to pay rent.


Recorded in Ithaca, NY by Cornell University., Sponsored by: Society for the Humanities., Speaker(s): Author of The Women of Brewster Place, Mama Day and Linden Hills., Reading, November 21, 1988.


In the early post-stroke period elevation of both body temperature and blood glucose is associated with significantly worse stroke outcomes (Azzimondi et al., 1995; Greer, Funk, Reaven, Ouzounelli, & Uman, 2008; Pulsinelli, Levy, Sigsbee, Scherer, & Plum, 1983; Wang, Lim, Levi, Heller, & Fisher, 2000; Weir, Murray, Dyker, & Lees, 1997). In the first days of an acute stroke, elevation of temperature above 37.5oC occurs in one fifth to almost one half of patients(Castillo, Davalos, Marrugat, & Noya, 1998) and the detrimental effects of fever following stroke are attributed to increased cerebral metabolic demands (Ginsberg & Busto, 1998), changes in the blood-brain barrier permeability, acidosis and an increased release of excitatory amino acids (Busto et al., 1989) which causes infarct expansion (Boysen & Christensen, 2001). There also is a significant association between post-stroke hyperglycaemia and poor recovery (Williams et al., 2002). Up to 68% of all patients experience hyperglycaemia with the first 24 hours of their acute stroke. (Allport et al., 2006; Scott et al., 1999) Hyperglycaemia following stroke has been shown to increase infarct size (Allport, Baird, & Davis, 2008; Pulsinelli et al., 1983) and lead to poorer outcomes independent of the patient's pre-stroke history of diabetes.(Pulsinelli et al., 1983; Weir et al., 1997) The incidence of dysphagia in the acute post stroke period ranges from 37% to 78% (Martino et al., 2005) and stroke patients with dysphagia are three times more likely to develop pneumonia than those without dysphagia (Doggett et al., 2001; Martino et al., 2005). Thus, optimal management of these three common physiological disturbances, namely, fever, hyperglycaemia and dysphagia are important elements of organised stroke care with potential to significantly influence outcomes. All three have been identified in international guidelines, as priority care issues for inpatient stroke management (Adams et al., 2007;