HE article discusses comparative sentencing in criminal trialsnamely, correlating punishment severity with the probability of guilt. The criminal proceeding is conducted in two phases: the guilt-innocence phase, in which the issue of the defendant's culpability is addressed, and the sentencing phase, in which the punishment is determined. There is an underlying assumption of separation between the decision-making processes in each of these phases, in that all questions of guilt are supposed to be resolved at the conviction phase of trial, and are not to be re-considered during sentencing. Once the defendant is found guilty beyond reasonable doubt, the extent to which the court was persuaded of her guilt is not meant to be included amongst the sentencing considerations: the severity of the punishment is considered to be detached from the probative strength of the evidence underlying the conviction. Likewise, when the incriminating evidence fails to cross the beyond reasonable doubt threshold, the defendant is not supposed to be subjected to any sanction. The court is prohibited from convicting her but expressing the epistemic doubt in a partial lenient sentence. This article will challenge the separation ideal both descriptively and normatively, and will contest the derivative all-or-nothing punishment regime, which dictates uniformity of punishment in the epistemic space above the reasonable doubt threshold and non-punishment in the space below this threshold. On the descriptive front, the article will demonstrate that prevalent criminal law doctrines and practices— such as the residual doubt doctrine, the recidivist sentencing premium, and the jury trial penalty—effectively tear down the boundaries between the decision-making processes in the two phases of the trial, creating a de-facto correlation between certainty of guilt and severity of punishment. On the normative plane, the article will point to the sub-optimality of the bipolar all-or-nothing regime. The article will show that correlating magnitude of punishment with certainty of guilt is preferable to uniform punishment in the epistemic space above the reasonable doubt threshold. It will also demonstrate that when the level of certainty as to the defendant's guilt does not meet the reasonable doubt standard of proof, the imposition of partial punishment, reflecting the epistemic doubt, can also lead—in certain circumstances—to better outcomes than the presently existing alternative of full acquittal and no punishment. The article will conclude by contending with the expressive, retributivist, and institutional objections that can be raised against a comparative sentencing regime. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 2 I. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS............................................................................ 4 II. COMPARATIVE DECISION-MAKING UNDER PREVAILING LAW ............ 7 A. The Residual Doubt Doctrine ................................................................................. 7 B. The Recidivist Sentencing Premium..................................................................... 10 C. The Jury Trial Penalty........................................................................................... 12 D. The Criminal-Civil Interplay and Plea Bargains .................................................. 14 III. THE NORMATIVE UNDERPINNINGS OF COMPARATIVE DECISIONMAKING .......................................................................................................................... 16 ∗ Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University. My thanks go to... T Comparative Sentencing 2 A. Deterrence ............................................................................................................... 19 1. The Effect of Certainty of Guilt on Deterrence: Lando's Model ...................... 19 2. The Effect of the Defendant's Attitude to Risk on Deterrence .......................... 21 3. The Effect of False Acquittals on Deterrence ................................................... 24 B. Error Costs................................................................................................................ 27 IV. POSSIBLE OBJECTIONS ................................................................................... 29 A. The Expressive Critique........................................................................................... 29 1. The Expressive Harm Associated with the Relativity of Punishment ............... 30 2. The Expressive Harm Associated with the Relativity of Conviction................ 31 3. The Harm to the Conceptualization of Judicial Decision-Making ................... 31 B. The Expressive Critique Reconsidered .................................................................... 33 C. The Retributivist Critique......................................................................................... 36 1. Punishment in the Absence of Moral Certainty Regarding Culpability ........... 37 2. Deviation from the Principle of Proportionality .............................................. 38 3. Deviation from the Principle of Treating Like Cases Alike .............................. 39 D. The Retributivist Critique Reconsidered.................................................................. 40 E. The Mixed Retributivist-Utilitarian Critique............................................................ 42 F. The Mixed Retributivist-Utilitarian Critique Reconsidered ..................................... 43 G. The Institutional Critique ......................................................................................... 44 H. The Institutional Critique Reconsidered .................................................................. 45 I. Implementational Drawbacks .................................................................................... 46 J. Implementational Drawbacks Reconsidered ............................................................. 49 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................. 50


Normally in clinical practice the evaluation of lung pathophysiology follows a functional and mechanical evaluation primarily through spirometry and plethysmography. The Small Airways (SAW) are one of the most important targets for respiratory diseases and various studies underline their strict relations with chronic diseases like asthma or COPD, although it is nowadays recognized their role in a lot of other pathological entities. The evaluation of SAW is not always easy and often more than one functional test must be done. So, the possibility to known the "scenario" of available functional respiratory tests, both in clinical and research setting, represents a central point in the respiratory world. Moreover the correct interpretation of the lung function tests is necessary not only to better evaluate the actual clinical status of the respiratory disorders but also to allow the appropriate therapeutic choice. The aim of the current review is to direct the readers attention to the importance of lung function evaluation and its specific role both in clinical and research setting.


Book synopsis: Most of the public and academic debate over the media in Britain focuses on the national state-of-play � as a result, the local media are marginalised or ignored all-together. The second edition of What Do We mean By Local? (edited by John Mair and Richard Lance Keeble with Neil Fowler) tackles that problem head-on: both analysing and celebrating the local media � in its historical, national and international contexts � with all its extraordinary diversity and current dilemmas.

Bringing together the work of top academics and journalists, it amounts to the most comprehensive survey of local media in the UK ever published. A number of contributors highlight the rise of hyperlocals across the country. Could the industry be on the cusp of a revival?


The role of geometry on dispersive forces is investigated by calculating the energy between different spheroidal particles and planar surfaces, both with arbitrary dielectric properties. The energy is obtained in the non-retarded limit using a spectral representation formalism and calculating the interaction between the surface plasmons of the two macroscopic bodies. The energy is a power-law function of the separation of the bodies, where the exponent value depends on the geometrical parameters of the system, like the separation distance between bodies, and the aspect ratio among minor and major axes of the spheroid.


The wood-burning stove is the most popular energy technology in the world since about 3 billion people rely on it for both domestic cooking and heating purposes. It is estimated that in 2030 more t...


Determination of silicon content in rare earth concentrate was conducted by using characteristic spectrum of silicon in hydrochloric acid.Effects of interference of co-existing elements in different types of RE concentrates on the silicon's spectrum were investigated.The detection limits were also determined in experiments.Comparing to gravimetric method,the original national standard method and silicon molybdenum blues photometry,this method is more rapid and more accurate and has been established as the national standard method.Detection scope of silicon oxide is 0.50%~10.00%.


Purpose: Motor function is an important aspect of child development. Motor development is usually assessed in terms of age of achievement of motor milestones. Few previous studies have focused on motor development using WHO indexes particularly in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, age of achievements of six motor milestones was assessed in 800 children attending health centers of Dezful. Six milestones (sitting without support, hands-and-knees crawling, standing with assistance, walking with assistance, standing without support, walking without support) were assessed by mother self-reports. Results: The mean age of children was 26.3 14.6 months. Based on percentile 97 WHO, 12.4 of children had delayed motor development. The logistic regression test showed a statistically significant association between gestational age and delayed motor development (p<0.001). Conclusion: Prevalence of delayed motor development is high. Further cohort studies with bigger sample sizes should be designed.


BN coating were prepared firstly on carbon fibers by dip-coating process using boric acid and urea as raw materials. Then, SiC coating were deposited on BN coating surface by chemical vapor deposition process using methyltrichlorosilane as precursor. Finally, BN/SiC composite coatings modified carbon fibers were obtained. The oxidation resistance, dielectric and microwave absorption properties, and microstructure of the BN/SiC composite coatings modified carbon fibers were investigated. The results showed that the thickness of the BN and SiC coating on the surface of carbon fibers were about 0.1 μm and 0.7 μm, respectively. After being modified by BN/SiC composite coatings, the initial and final oxidation temperatures of the modified carbon fibers were increased from 560°C and 780°C to 790°C and above 1200°C, respectively. The dielectric properties of the modified carbon fibers changed significantly, and the microwave absorption properties were improved. Compared with the uncoated carbon fibers, the lowest reflectivity of the BN/SiC composite coatings modified carbon fibers with the thickness of 2 mm reduced to –13.3 dB, and the bandwidth (less than –10 dB) increased to 2.5 GHz.


In this paper we describe a new approach to model long-range word reorderings in statistical machine translation (SMT). Until now, most SMT approaches are only able to model local reorderings. But even the word order of related languages like German and English can be very different. In recent years approaches that reorder the source sentence in a preprocessing step to better match target sentences according to POS(Part-of-Speech)-based rules have been applied successfully. We enhance this approach to model long-range reorderings by introducing discontinuous rules.

We tested this new approach on a German-English translation task and could significantly improve the translation quality, by up to 0.8 BLEU points, compared to a system which already uses continuous POS-based rules to model short-range reorderings.


Using the new Finnigan moving belt liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric interface some cardiac glycosides and oligosaccharides have been reinvestigated using C1− negative chemical ionization. Abundant [M+CI]− ions are found with all cardiac glycosides and raffinose.


The context of this thesis is the image registration for endomicroscopic images. Multiphoton microendoscope provides different scanning trajectories which are considered in this work. First we propose a nonrigid registration method whose motion estimation is cast into a feature matching problem under the Log-Demons framework using Graph Wavelets. We investigate the Spectral Graph Wavelets (SGWs) to capture the shape feature of the images. The data representation on graphs is more adapted to data with complex structures. Our experiments on endomicroscopic images show that this method outperforms the existing nonrigid image registration techniques. We then propose a novel image registration strategy for endomicroscopic images acquired on irregular grids. The Graph Wavelet transform is flexible to apply on different types of data regardless of the data point densities and how complex the data structure is. We also show how the Log-Demons framework can be adapted to the optimization of the objective function defined for images with an irregular sampling.


A transfusion reaction was observed with blood warmed by a microwave blood warmer. Analysis of the blood remaining in the bag excluded the possibility of incompatibility but revealed hemolysis and clot formation which was attributed to overheating by the blood warmer.


Theorizing crime in the United States has been an endless task for academics for decades. Grand theories such as functionalism, conflict, and symbolic interaction, have characteristically offered potential explanation for general social phenomena in relationship to crime. Many sub-theories employing general themes of grand theories have allowed for potential support for specific social forces in the crime relationship. Examining Latino crime and deviance in the United States is an interesting academic undertaking as well. This research argues Latino crime offers distinct theoretical characteristics that are universal in nature and notspecific to amount. Presentation of these characteristics allow for the research to offer theoretical explanations for Latino crime. Introduction: Historical Context of Latino Crime Statistics The United States Federal Government defines Hispanic Americans (also known as Latinos and/or Latinas) as those living in the United States of America who has immigrated or whose ancestors have emigrated from Spanish or Portuguese-speaking countries (United States Office of Management and Budget, 1997). Such countries include Mexico, Spain, Portugal, Cuba, Puerto Rico, South American countries, and other Central American areas. Hispanics are known as an ethnic origin group, not necessarily a separate race category. Racially, Hispanic Americans are most often classified as whites. Due to this racial classification, terms such as non-Hispanic whites, Anglos, and not Hispanic/Latino/Latina are most often used to differentiate between Latinos and white Americans not of Hispanic origin. The terms Latino and Hispanic should be considered interchangeable within this discussion, as should the terms whites, Anglos, and non-Hispanics in describing those who are not of Latino or Hispanic descent. For this project Hispanic/Latino populations will be statistically compared with White/Anglo populations, due to this group's status as the majority population in the United States they are the most viable reference group. Such practice is common in explorations of race and ethnic group crime variations (Ellis et al., 2009). Having covered these definitions and terminology concerns, we move on to the content overview of this chapter. The key subject of this chapter is to theoretically explore subtopics in Latino crime studies that correlate to crime and delinquency rates. Such a discussion is important because Hispanic/Latinos are the largest minority race or ethnic group population in the United States at 54 million people, which accounts for approximately 17 percent of the population according to 2013 population estimates (United States Census Bureau, 2014). Extensive growth of this ethnic population has been recorded over the last thirty-five years as Latinos were estimated to account for only 6 percent of the United States population in 1980 (United States Census Bureau, 2013). Theorizing Latino Rates of Crime and Deviance 27 Further estimates project that the Latino population will grow to encompass approximately 28 percent of the U.S. population by the year 2050 (United States Census Bureau, 2013). Due to the steady growth of Hispanic people in America it is paramount that academic study and research be mindful now, and in the future, of an ethnic group that will likely represent the majority race/ethnic group in the U.S. at some time in the near future, projected to be as early as the year 2044 (Frey, 2014). Thus, a myriad of issues relating to Latino crime rates and victimization are important to academic studies conducted in the United States; many of which have been conducted previously and a number of those are reviewed in this project. Subtopics to be examined include Hispanic-Anglo comparisons for crime rates in terms of both official and self-reported data, Hispanic population percentages in relation to crime rates in given areas, Hispanic-Anglo comparisons correlating to antisocial behaviors in children, and, finally, Hispanic-Anglo comparisons in terms of crime victimization. The goals of reviewing these subtopics in this section are threefold: (1) To theoretically understand the variation that exists when official data and self-reported data are used in comparing Hispanics and Anglos in relation to crime and delinquency rates; (2) to theoretically highlight the variation existing in studies that look at Hispanic population percentages in a given area and the rate of crime and delinquency in said areas; and finally (3) to theorize if belonging to either the Angloor Hispanic populations makes one more likely to be victimized by homicide. Theoretically, these examinations allow for a thorough examination of relevant Latino crime statistics from different research perspectives, which create a contextual overview illustrating whether or not Latinos are more likely to commit crimes, what types of crimes they are more likely to commit if they do, and finally whether Latinos are more likely than Anglo counterparts to be victimized by crime. The importance of Latino crime studies has been argued before as the ethnic group was growing into the largest minority population in the United States (Martinez, 1997a & 1997b), such a sentiment is as ever important now as Latinos are slowly becoming the majority race/ethnicity in America (Frey, 2014). Latino-Anglo Comparisons in Criminal and Delinquent Behaviors Research findings that compare Latinos and Anglos crime and delinquency rates are mixed. This variation mostly results from the type of data used in each study. Research utilizing government data suggests Hispanics have higher rates of offending than do whites. Self – reported data studies results are mixed at best; many report offending at similar levels. Theoretically, Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) in their work titled A General Theory of Crime, argue the criminal justice system has little impact on criminal behavior. They offer crime may be "glamourous and profitable for law enforcement" which suggest official statistics may not offer the "perfect" picture of crime in the United States – it may be a result of self – promotion and/or a vehicle for additional resources more than a reasonable illustration of crime. With that said, critically assessing varying crime data sources is necessary to develop a "clearer" understanding of Latino – Anglo crime rates. This will be accomplished by first, reviewing research utilizing official data, second, reviewing research utilizing self – reported data, and third, critically assessing both and presenting a theoretical interpretation based on the "clearer" understanding. This allows for better understanding not of the inherent validity of either set of results relative to one another, but in what these results mean relative to how they are framed by the data they use.We continue this discussion by detailing a number of studies using officially collected data. Some argue that increased rates of violence among racial and ethnic minorities, especially Latinos, are not due to intrinsic group dynamics, but to the social and institutional conditions present in the communities where these groups typically live (Martinez, 1996; Sampson et al., 2005). Racial or minority threat theory postulates "that social control measures directed against Blacks intensify as the Black population grows larger in size" (Eitle & Taylor, 2008:p. 1104). We suggest as Latino populations increases, so will the official control mechanisms, including, but not limited to, increased arrests. In her landmark Chicago study, Block (1985) found that increases in Latino population within the city correlated with increased rates of homicides that surpassed rates of Latino population influx. This was especially true in relation to assault homicides committed by Latinos (Block, 1985: p. 107). This study is significant because its use of official data came not from arrest records, but from Chicago Police Department investigation files (Block, 1985: p. 106). Pokorny (1965) found that Latinos in Houston from 1958 through 1961 had homicide rates per 100,000 group members over two times higher than whites (p. 480). This study, like Block's (1985), used police investigation files to obtain official data. Journal of Law and Criminal Justice, Vol. 5(1), June 2017 28 It was also noted that percentages of Latino on Latino homicide was quite high for the time period, accounting for 86.2 percent of all Latino murders studied (Pokorny, 1965: p. 484).Another study found that homicide rates among Hispanics in the Southwest were two times as high as rates for Anglos, and that rates for young Hispanic males, aged from 15 to 24 years, where nearly on par with that of young black males nationally (Smith et al., 1986: p. 269). Sommers and Baskin (1992) used official arrest data from the New York Police Department and found that rates of violent crimes for Hispanic males, including homicide, robbery, assault, and burglary, where exponentially higher than that of white males (p. 194). It should be noted that this same table depicts violent crimerates as higher among Hispanic females in relation to rates for white females (Sommers & Baskin, 1992).These data are supported by the Subculture of Violence theory which postulates Latino cultural traits such as machismo and marianismo promote violent tendencies to maintain communal status. Additionally, research concentrating on gang-related homicides in Los Angeles County, found that Hispanics are disproportionately victimized in comparison to not only whites but also all other races and ethnicities contained within the study (Hutson et al., 1995).Zahn and Sagi's (1987) study on stranger homicide in nine American cities purports that Latinos are more likely than whites to commit homicide, but are not as likely as blacks. They found that the rate of Latino committed homicide for males is 42.8 per 100,000 populations, whereas rates for whites are only 10.5 (Zahn & Sagi, 1987: p. 387). F


11516Background: T-VEC is an oncolytic immunotherapy derived from HSV type-1 that is modified to selectively replicate within tumors and produce GM-CSF. Pembrolizumab (P) demonstrated activity in s...


This paper introduces a method where the ma-terial constants of Johnson-Cook model are determinated by the Hopkinson tension experiment, cylinder explosive test and numerical simulation.


Part I. Survey Studies: 1. The study of first language attrition: an overview Herbert W. Seliger and Robert M. Vago 2. First language attrition and the parameter-setting model Michael Sharwood Smith and Paul Van Buren 3. Recapitulation, regression and language loss Kees de Bot and Bert Weltens 4. First language loss in bilingual and polyglot aphasics Loraine K. Obler and Nancy Mahecha 5. A cross-linguistic study of language contact and language attrition Julianne Maher Part II. Group Studies: 6. L1 loss in an L2-environment: Dutch immigrants in France Kees de Bot, Paul Gommans and Carola Rossing 7. The sociolinguistic and patholinguistic attrition of Breton phonology, morphology, and morphonology Wolfgang U. Dressler 8. Language attrition in Boumaa Fijian and Dyirbal Annette Schmit 9. Pennsylvania German: convergence and change as strategies of discourse Marion Lois Huffines 10. Lexical retrieval difficulties in adult language attrition Elite Olshtain and Margaret Barzilay 11. Spanish language attrition in a contact situation with English Carmen Silva-Corvalan Part III. Case Studies: 12. Morphological disintegration and reconstruction in first language attrition Dorit Kaufman and Mark Aronoff 13. Assessing first language vulnerability to attrition Evelyn Altenberg 14. Compensatory strategies of child first language attrition Donna Turian and Evelyn Altenberg 15. Language attrition, reduced redundancy and creativity Herbert W. Seliger 16. Paradigmatic regularity in first language attrition Robert M. Vago.


The article analysed the causes of cracks on No.7 blast furnace hearth by ways of anatomizing hearth;designing concept;construction technology and quality of blast furnace shell.


Objective To observe the effect of Ruanmailing Oral Liquid on angiogenesis in atherosclerosis plaque of Apolipoprotein E(ApoE) gene knock-out mice,and explore the mechanisms of plaque stabilizing.Methods Totally 30 mice 6-8 weeks old ApoE knockout mice were fed a high fat diet for 12 weeks until the formation of a mature atherosclerotic plaque.They were randomly divided into three groups-model group,Ruanmailing group,simvastatin group,with another 6 normal C57BL/6J mice as the control group,and were administered for 12 weeks.Blood was extracted from orbital venous to measure the lipid(TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C) variation.HE-stain was used to observe aortic pathomorphological changes,meanwhile,immunohistochemical method was adopted to determine the microvessel density of plagues which is marked by CD105,as well as the expression of CD105 in aorta.Results Compared with the model group,TC,LDL-C,TG of Ruanmailing group and simvastatin group decreased significantly,while HDL-C increased significantly(P 0.01),degree of pathological damage was reduced,microvessel density and the expression of CD105 was significantly lower(P 0.01).There was no significant difference between Ruanmailing group and simvastatin group in above-mentioned indicators(P 0.05).Conclusion Ruanmailing Oral Liquid may reduce the expression of CD105 and inhibit the angiogenesis within the plaque,which is the possible mechanism of stabilizing the atherosclerotic plaque.


Based on the study of literature records and recent collections an up-dated check list including 58 species is presented for the island of Taiwan. At least four of the literature records need further confirmation before acceptance. For each species is given original citation, synonyms, literature records from Taiwan, and gross distributions. Locality data is given for the 13 species here reported from Taiwan for the first time. Bidessus gentilis Sharp, 1890, is considered a junior synonym of Pseuduvarus vitticollis (Boheman, 1848) syn. n., here reported from the Oriental Region for the first time. The following genera are recorded from Taiwan for the first time: Allopachria, Pseuduvarus, Leiodytes, Nebrioporus, and Neptosternus.


M-Commerce is the ability to perform commercial transactions using mobile phones or other wireless devices on the move. It is a major application domain for mobile devices where applications require a high level of security. Generally, security policies are enforced by either Server Operating System or application authority for the specific user about its behavior to access the applications after authentication. In this proposed framework, users submit their policy through its mobile device to the Policy Server after preliminary authentication assigned by the application authority. The trust of user device is analyzed using authentication protocol in addition to the feasibility of user submitted policy to the application. The levels of security are also changed depending on the user type accessing the applications. User types are identified using the IP addresses that are stored in the database on the server side. User can change its policy any time from its location as well as increases its levels of security after mutual concern from the application authority. In this paper, user policy submission protocol is developed for the m-commerce applications.


Expression of the key muscle transcription factor MyoD is regulated by RhoA GTPase, which is an important regulator of adhesion-dependent signaling. We show that mDiaphanous (mDia) – an adaptor protein that mediates the effects of RhoA on cell motility and the cytoskeleton – is an upstream regulator of MyoD in C2C12 mouse myoblasts. Knockdown of mDia1 reduced MyoD expression and proliferation via a serum-response factor (SRF)-dependent pathway. Surprisingly, overexpression of a Rho-independent form of mDia1 (mDiaΔN3), despite activating SRF, also suppressed MyoD and the cell cycle, suggesting the presence of a second pathway downstream of mDia1. We present evidence that the alternative pathway by which mDia1 regulates MyoD involves T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) and its co-activator, β-catenin. TCF activity was suppressed by mDiaΔN3 and induced by silencing mDia. mDiaΔN3 disrupted the signal-dependent nuclear localization of β-catenin and suppressed MyoD expression. Co-expression of a degradation-resistant form of β-catenin with mDiaΔN3 restored MyoD expression, suggesting a mechanistic link between the two signaling proteins. We also implicate a region encompassing the FH1 domain of mDia1 in β-catenin-TCF regulation. Taken together, our results suggest that a balance between two pathways downstream of mDia regulates MyoD expression and cell cycle progression.


In this article, the author discusses friendship as a method of qualitative inquiry and howthis method informed research on the social construction of masculinity in male-male friendships. First, a narrative account of a first meeting with a participant is given. Next, the discursive aspect of fieldwork is considered where the author's ideas about friendship as method and "the reach of dialogue" are outlined. Finally, the article focuses on the role of autoethnography in conducting and representing qualitative work on masculinity.


In the title hydrated salt, CH6N3 +·C4H5O6 −·H2O, the deprotonated carboxyl group is disordered over two positions with a site-occupancy ratio of 0.945 (3):0.055 (3). The bond lengths in the guanidinium cation are intermediate between normal C—N and C=N bond lengths, indicating significant delocalization in this species. In the crystal structure, anions and water molecules are linked into sheets parallel to the ab plane by intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The linking of the anions and water molecules with the cations by intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds creates a three-dimensional network.


Among a variety of malignant types for parotid gland tumors, intracapsular carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma which is classified as a non-invasive tumor has been reported rarely. We report a case of a 69-years old patient, who presented with a left parotid mass that was detected 30 years ago. Fine needle aspiration biopsy result of the mass was "suggestive of pleomorphic adenoma". Superficial partial parotidectomy was performed for the mass and the permanent pathologic finding was "intracapsular carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma" which was a salivary ductal carcinoma with well-preserved myoepithelial cells surrounding the malignant epithelial cell clusters. Surgical resection is the main treatment modality for the treatment of intracapsular carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. Herein, we present the case with a review of literature.


The tremendous speed of experimental data generation in recent years has posed numerous problems in the field of Bioinformatics. One of the most pressing problems is extracting knowledge from all these biological data. In this chapter, I describe our approach to screen such datasets in silico via our 'C-It' tool to make predictions to annotate evolutionarily conserved, tissue-enriched, uncharacterized genes.


all the collections of the United States or the world for that matter would equal in number the specimens captured in one night by the combined army of bats, the world over. Some nights the moths do nut seen? to start flying to light until an hour or two after dark but if you will step out in the shadows you may see them coning in numbers not yet sufficient to pass the picket line of bats. When they commence coming in faster than the bats can handle them and still later when the bats 'have finished their first evening meal then your screens will soon become spotted with moths. But the bats are served first-and they don't miss their catch, T o successfully capture the rare species of Cossidae it is necessary to know the food plants and date of flight pretty accurately. I took the type lot of Comadin dolli Barnes and Xenj., about a dozen specimens, in one night under a clump of very large mesquite trees on the desert near Las Vegas, Nev. Had I placed my lights across an open space fro111 the trees on a nearby knoll where it could be seen over far greater area I do not believe a single Cossid would have reached it past the bat-brigade for as it was a few of the more daring ones came within arms reac'li of me in pursuit under the trees. I n So. Ariz., Hamilcnra at ra B. and McD., several males and the first known fenlales came to light under two trees growing so closely together that I was unable to determine whether it was the mesquite or the I-Iackberry which harbored the brood. In Inyo Co Cal. a considerable series of Acossz~s orc Strk., Givira marga B. and McD., and a Colnadia of the bertholdi group came to light under a grove of large cottonwoods some of which were dead or dying froin the effects of borings apparently from these three species.


Acute organic phosphorus intoxication is a common poisoning; this text combines the related data and clinical practices to discuss the medical reason resulting in death of organic phosphorus intoxication,in which deficient recognition ofcholinesterase reactivator and abusage of atropine are considered as the main reason.attached to above reason.We should pay more attention to such questions as cutting the poisonous resources,rational use of antidote and avoiding multiplicitas poisoning.


The Chinese-medicinal powder for exterior use is prepared with 59 Chinese-medicinal components such as ginseng, cloves, anise, rhubarb, leaf and twig of common jasminerage, sargentgloryvine stem, etc. It is loaded in bag containing magnetic chips of mixed lanthanide rare-earth oxide and serves to build body, nourish kidney and benefit development of intelligence by putting said bag close to small of the back, or brow.


A new forming technology for the bypass on three-way steel pipe was introduced.A method to determine the shape and dimensions of preboring and the model of flanging die were proposed,furthermore the flanging process was simulated with the help of computer,thereafter the results were analyzed and the corresponding datum were adjusted,so that the formed opening of the bypass was flat without crack.Finally a flanging die was designed for the production of the bypass on steel pipe based on the results in the simulation.


Objective: To optimize extraction technology of total flavones from Calendula officinalis. L and establish its content determination method. Methods: The single factor test were used to optimize extraction technology; Rutin was defined as the standard and UV method was adopted to determine the content of total flavonids of Calendula officinalis. L from 10 different areas and different harvest time. Results: The results indicted that the optimum extraction process were described as follows: the solid /liquid ratio 1 g∶ 50 mL,extracting temperature 90℃,ethanol volume scores 90 %,extracting time 1. 5 h; the content of total flavonids of Calendula officinalis. L from 10 different areas was 2. 25% ~ 4. 78%,averaging 3. 17%; the content of total flavonids is the highest at the beginning of flowering,3. 58%. Conclusion: The method is simple,accurate,stable,reliable and can be used for quality control of Calendula officinalis. L.


The redox behavior of ceria–zirconia solid solutions (or Zr-substituted ceria, ZSC) with a Zr content of up to 20 mol % is studied by thermogravimetry (TG) between 600 °C and 1490 °C under controlled atmospheres. Thermodynamic properties, specifically standard oxidation enthalpy, ΔHoxd⊖, and entropy, ΔSoxd⊖, are derived from TG data. The raw TG results show that the extent of reduction is significantly increased (compared with undoped ceria), even at a low Zr substitution level of 5 mol %. Concomitantly, the magnitude of the thermodynamic functions dramatically decreases as a function of Zr content, particularly at low values of oxygen non-stoichiometry, δ (<3 mol %). Thermochemical fuel production from Zr-substituted ceria generally increases with increasing Zr content under both two-temperature and isothermal cycling conditions. In the case of two-temperature cycling, the benefit is accompanied by a penalty in the (computed) steam-to-hydrogen conversion ratio, whereas it is accompanied by a gain in this...


The article shows the results of using the double cassette expression plasmid vector pBud-VEGF165-FGF2 for patients with peripheral arterial diseases (PAD): 10 men with PAD experienced intramuscular injection of studied medication to the affected limb. Foe explaining the findings was used the measurement of ankle-brachial index (ABI), treadmill test, recovery period of initial ABI after pressure, immunohistochemical study. Was recorded an improvement in functional status of limbs after using treatment by 19% according to ABI, an increase in walking distance twice, reduced time to restore the original LPI by 38%. According to immune histochemical study was recorded an increase in density of capillary network up to 47.9%. Key words: peripheral arteries diseases, angiogenesis, vascular growth factors, main fibroblast growth factor, СD34+,muscle biopsy, immunohistochemistry.


Through a new exploration to the historical track of the formation of Regional National Autonomy Policy of the Party,this thesis divides the formation of Regional National Autonomy Policy into three phrase:the first phrase,the rudimental period of mechanical imitating federalism;the second phrase,the exploring period of uniting federalism and regional autonomy;the third phrase,the gradual forming period of Regional National Autonomy.


We study the (near or close to) ground state distribution of N softly repelling particles trapped in the interior of a spherical box. The charges mutually interact via an inverse power law potential of the form 1/r γ .W estudy three regimes in which the charges form an single spherical shell at the edge of the box (γ = 1), a series of concentric shells of increasing density (γ = 2) and γ = 12 for which the charges form shells with a more uniform charge distribution. We conduct numerical simulations for clusters containing up to 5000 charges and compare charge density across the system with continuum limit results. The agreement between numerical (discrete) results and the continuum limit is found to improve with increasing N . These findings are accompanied by a visual gallery of some of the low energy ground states found by simulated annealing. Ke yw ords: Thomson Problem, Low Temperature Plasma, Packing in a Spherical Box


Additional separation can be achieved in flash distillation by separating the liquid feed into two parts, vaporizing only one part, and feeding these (now) two feeds to the top and bottom of a column. The driving force for the additional separation is the difference in chemical potential between liquid and vapor feeds with the same composition. This idea of using two feeds with the same composition but different enthalpies (herein called two-enthalpy feed) is applied to stripping and enriching columns and fractional distillation. Two-enthalpy-feed distillation, a new method for using waste heat effectively, should be useful in heat-integrated plants. When an ordinary distillation column has a two-phase feed, the use of two-enthalpy feed increases separation (same N and L/D), or decreases the number of stages (same L/D, x{sub D}, and x{sub B}), or decreases the reflux ratio (same N, x{sub D}, and x{sub B}). The two-enthalpy-feed system has a lower minimum reflux ratio than ordinary distillation with a two-phase feed. For other types of feed, two-enthalpy-feed distillation requires either less energy or energy at a less extreme temperature (i.e., lower temperature for reboilers or higher temperature for condensers) than ordinary distillation. Examples are presented for constant relative volatilities, hydrocarbon systems,more » and ethanol-water.« less


23 Although it is generally assumed that herbivores have more voluminous body cavities 24 due to larger digestive tracts required for the digestion of plant fiber, this concept has not 25 been addressed quantitatively. We estimated the volume of the torso in 126 terrestrial 26 tetrapods (synapsids including basal synapsids and mammals, and diapsids including 27 birds, non-avian dinosaurs and reptiles) classified as either herbivore or carnivore in 28 digital models of mounted skeletons, using the convex hull method. The difference in 29 relative torso volume between diet types was significant in mammals, where herbivores 30 relative torso volumes about two times larger than that of carnivores, supporting the 31 general hypothesis. However, this effect was not evident in diapsids. This may either 32 reflect the difficulty to reliably reconstruct mounted skeletons in non-avian dinosaurs, or 33 a fundamental difference in the bauplan of different groups of tetrapods, for example due 34 to differences in respiratory anatomy. Evidently, the condition in mammals should not be 35 automatically assumed in other, including more basal, tetrapod lineages. In both 36 synapsids and diapsids, large animals showed a high degree of divergence with respect to 37 the proportion of their convex hull directly supported by bone, with animals like 38 elephants or Triceratops having a low proportion, and animals such as rhinoceros having 39 a high proportion of bony support. The relevance of this difference remains to be further 40


We propose and test two possible explanations of envy and its opposite, gloating. One explanation views them as a learning process, just as regret and rejoice are in the private domain:envy is the social correspondent of regret. The other explanation traces envy back to the natural tendency of individuals to seek higher positions in the social ranking, that is a dominant position, a tendency with very strong evolutionary motives. We show experimentally that these two functional reasons for envy coexist. Competition is the product of the desire for dominance, rather than the artificial output of social arrangements. (JEL:D12, D87) (c) 2008 by the European Economic Association.


Cities are living organisms. They grow, flourish, wither, and sometimes die. Throughout history, once-robust cities have reached points of economic obsolescence and have declined. Some vanish altogether, like Babylon and Ur. Others, like Venice, become essentially museums of themselves. Some survive, but shrink dramatically—like Detroit or St. Louis.


ABSTRACT A polarographic catalytic wave of human serum albumin (HSA) in the presence of KIO3 was reported. In 0.1 M NaAc∼HAc buffer (pH4.7) solution, a reduction wave of HSA with peak potential −0.60 V (vs., Ag/AgCl) resulted from the reduction of five disulfide linkages to sulfhydryl group. In the presence of KIO3, HSA yielded a polarographic catalytic wave at the original potential due to reduction and regeneration of these disulfide linkages. The catalytic wave can be used to determine trace of HSA. In the 0.1 M HAc∼NaAc (pH4.7±0.2) ∼1×10−3 M KIO3 solution, the peak current was linearly proportional to HSA concentration in the range of 1.5×10−7∼7.5×10−7 M. The catalytic wave improved two orders of magnitude in sensitivity compared with corresponding reduction wave.


Potassium fertiliser increases yield of sugar beet on most soils in Britain and sodium fertiliser gives a larger increase, whilst decreasing response to potassium. Sugar beet given factorial dressings of these elements was sampled periodically to determine whether they increase yield by similar effects on growth. Three experiments were made at Broom's Barn on a calcareous loam in 1971-73 and the results suggest that the two elements affect growth similarly. Both increased leaf area early in the season, improved the root: top ratio and increased sugar percentage in fresh and dried roots, all factors contributing to increased sugar yield. Analysis of the roots during September to December showed that neither element affected their processing quality; although each element increased its own concentration in the root juice, it proportionately decreased the harmful a-amino nitrogen concentration.


As potent antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are utilized to deliver the signals essential for the initiation of immune responses. The motility of DCs is crucial for migration of immature DCs (imDCs) in peripheral tissue and the interaction between mature DCs (mDCs) and naïve T cells in the secondary lymph node. From biomechanical viewpoint, the deformability of cells is necessary for their motility. Deformation of cells can be divided into active deformation (e.g. chemotaxis) and passive deformation (e.g. migration under shear stress of blood flow). However, there is no detailed study on the deformability of DCs including imDCs and mDCs. In this study, the active and passive deformations of DCs under various culture conditions were respectively measured by atomic force microscopy and micropipette. The results showed that DCs at different differentiation stages displayed various deformabilities, their passive and active deformation depended on matrix stiffness, mDCs had higher active deformation and Young's modulus as well as lower passive deformation. It's significant for further understanding the immunoregulatory functions of DCs.


6061 aluminum alloy and 304 stainless steel were jointed by the method of magnetic pulse.The nondestructive examination of joint and microstructure were studied with CT and SEM,and the distributions of elements were analyzed.The results show that under the prerequisite condition of guaranteeing similar joint quality,the joint style with groove at joining site needs lower joint criterion.The difference of mechanical properties between two materials has obvious effects on the pattern of joint surface.When dissimilar materials are joined by the method of magnetic pulse,the metallurgical bonding of joint interface can be obtained.


We investigate the problem of factorizing a matrix into several sparse matrices and propose an algorithm for this under randomness and sparsity assumptions. This problem can be viewed as a simplification of the deep learning problem where finding a factorization corresponds to finding edges in different layers and values of hidden units. We prove that under certain assumptions for a sparse linear deep network with $n$ nodes in each layer, our algorithm is able to recover the structure of the network and values of top layer hidden units for depths up to $\tilde O(n^{1/6})$. We further discuss the relation among sparse matrix factorization, deep learning, sparse recovery and dictionary learning.


Diffuse X-ray scattering is studied theoretically from a crystal of cubic ZnS having distortion centres at the sulphur sites (having Td symmetry). The atomic displacement due to a distortion centre is expressed as a sum of components consisting of radial functions combined with the appropriate Kubic Harmonics (KH) of Von der Lage & Bethe [Phys. Rev. (1947), 71, 612- 622]. The final expression for the intensity from the distorted crystal is used to study the shape of the diffuse spot around the (0,0,l) reciprocal lattice point. For isotropic distortion, the diffuse spot has cylindrical symmetry about the reciprocal z axis and there is no diffuse intensity in the reciprocal plane passing through (0,0,l) and normal to the z axis. For anisotropic distortion, however, the diffuse spot has fourfold symmetry about the reciprocal z axis. In particular, the reciprocal plane normal to the z axis and passing through (0,0,l) has four diffuse regions midway between the reciprocal x and y axes.


Beschitin(R) (W-type-T; t=0.08mm), a non-woven chitin fabric of poly-N-acetyl glucosamine extracted from the crab's shell, was applied to 10 cases with traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane, and 15 cases with chronic otitis media. Perforation was covered by a sterilized patch of the chitin fabric. Hearing loss and ear-fullness were improved immediately after application of the chitin fabric. Nine of 10 cases showed a closure of the tympanic membrane perforation without atrophic changes. In one case, a simple myringoplasty was performed after 5 months because of chronic infection. The procedure using a patch of chitin facric was very simple, safe and effective.


Objectives: This study was conducted to review the Toxic UseReduction Act of Massachusetts, USA, which has been evaluated as a successfulcase of a chemical reduction policy, and to search for ways to introduce it inKorea.
Methods: We analyzed the implementation of the TURA by attending TUR Planning Course of the Toxic Use Reduction Institute in Massachusetts and researching the related literature.
Results: As TURA took effect, the use of chemicals in Massachusetts was reduced, and cost savings were achieved in workplaces. The success factors for the legislation are considered to be support form the federal and state governments and the active participation of business and civic group. Domestic efforts to reduce toxic substances have already begun, so if the process of TURA is appropriately applied to domestic legislation of chemicals control, it would be expected to produce visible results. Therefore, we reviewed the ''Act on Chemicals Registration and Assessment'', ''Act on Chemical Control'' and ''Act on the Integrated Control of Pollutant-Discharging Facilities'' and sought solution for applying TURA to each piece of legislation. For the first case, 'Toxic or Hazardous Substance List' and 'Establishment of Toxic Use Fee' is applicable. For the second case, 'Annual Toxic or Hazardous Substance Reports' is applicable. For the third case, 'Toxic Reduction Plans' and 'Toxics Use Reduction Institute and ''Toxic Use Reduction Planners' is applicable.
Conclusions: The government should take notice appropriateness for the reduction of toxic chemicals and provide financial support. Businesses should invest in technologies that build trust with local communities, improve productivity, and reduce costs. Finally, civic group should cooperate with government and businesses.


A quantitative study of the saponifiable and unsaponifiable fractions of three samples of South African Pilchard oil and of one sample of maasbanker oil has been made.

Differences in the iodine value of the three pilchard oils studied resxulted chiefly from differences in the mean unsaturation of the various homologous groups of fatty acids, the relative proportions of the different groups differing c comparatively little in oils of high and low iodine value. In the oil from the very lean fish the percentage of c22 Acids was increased at the expense of the plamitc and c18 unsturated acids, an observation which supports Lovern's view that in fasting fish the acids of lower molecular weight are preferentially utilized leading to an accumulation of acids of high molecular weight.

Maasbanker iol differed from pilchard oil in that the percentage of C20 unsaturated acids was lower and the percentage of C22 unsturated acids was highere than in pilchard oil. A more striking difference was the lower degree of unsturation of both the C20 and C22 acids in the maasbanker oil; this was reflected in its very much lower iodine value.

Cholesterol was the chief constituent of the unsaponifiable fraction of both pilchard and maasbanker oil. Other components of the unsaponifiable fractions of both oils were α-glyceryl ethers, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols and vitamin A. Evidence was obtained that a C22 unsturated fatty alcohol was present in the unsaponifiable faction of maasbanker oil.


I. A publication by Professor Margenau is always of interest to persons concerned with philosophy of science. This is especially true, however, of his recently published book, The Nature of Physical Reality;' for this book, dealing with basic epistemological problems arising from the development of modem quantum mechanics, is the most comprehensive and most systematic formulation of its author's philosophical position and is at the same time conceived as a "challenge" to "uncritical realism, unadorned operationalism, and radical empiricism"-to points of view, that is, which Professor Margenau regards as "outmoded and in disharmony with the successful phases of contemporary physics" (v). Professor Margenau's competende in physics and philosophy of science is, of course, too well known to require emphasis. As usual, his style is clear, direct, and forceful. The organization of his book-moving from preliminary epistemological considerations through point mechanics, field theory, thermodynamics, probability, quantum mechanics, etc., to a final outline of the "contours of reality"-is logical and integrative. The argument-for the presentation as a whole is essentially one argument-is effectively keyed to a minimum of mathematical explanations and demonstrations. It is a pleasure to read this book, and students in the appropriate courses should find it most helpful. A few typographical errors and other minor blemishes can easily be eliminated in a second printing. As far as "the reality of the objects of our daily lives" is concerned, Professor Margenau finds that his own "constructional view" "gets precisely the same factual consequences as realism, be it naive, reformed, or critical" (455). This is so, however, not because the realism of common sense, as realism, provides an adequate criterion of reality, but because this realism is itself "a first approximation" to, or "a streamlined version" of, the methodology of science and is "satisfactory as a working hypothesis" (457). The view of the world of common sense, like that of science, rests upon "acts of reification" which "impart significance to primitive cognition" (455), and thus depends upon "construction" and "rules of correspondence" in the same sense in which science depends upon them. There is only this difference: In the case of common sense realism "the rules of correspondence are so obvious, the passage performed with their aid is so short" (455) that this simple version of constructionalism is "unable to represent cor-


[Objective]The aim of this study was to investigate the histological structure of conjunctiva-associate lymphoid tissue(CALT) in chickens at different ages.[Method]With lower eyelids of chickens as tested materials,we have investigated trie immune state in different period using HE stain.[Result]The mucosa epithelium of CALT was stratified squamous epithelium,goblet cells were among them.With the increasing age,there was a rising tendency in lymphocytes of lamina propria.The germinal centers appeared at 21-day-old,but the lymphoid follicle of CALT was lacking in goblet cells.It began to reach mature level at 27-day-old in terms of its histological structure.[Conclusion]The histological structure of CALT in chickens developed gradually to maturity with the increase of age,and the immune function reached the mature level basically at 27-day-old.


The present invention relates to a method for producing paper and bookbinding articles A machine (1), having a conveying unit (2), the hemming unit (4) along a conveying path (A) conveying the sheet (3) , and a folding unit connected to each other creasing unit (5), the hemming unit (4) having at least one hemming roller (15), the axis (B) of the folding roller (15) is positioned perpendicular to the conveying path ( a), and having its lateral surface creasing blade (18) extending across the conveying path, and a pressure roller (16) by a hemming roller (15) with each sheet (3) of the opposing mating surfaces; off side unit (4) is provided to the transport unit (2) and a folding unit (5) between, in order to perform the hemming operation a continuous transverse upstream folding unit (5).


Due to weakened immune system, the oncological patients are highly at risk with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this article is to contribute with a supplement for the database on symptomatology and chest imaging appearance in patients infected with COVID-19. During the course of radiotherapy (RT), in four oncological patients we observed a variety of atypical clinical and laboratory expression: cough without fever, uroinfection with hematuria, gastrointestinal symptoms, leukopenia, which is difficult to associate with COVID-19 infection. In three out of seven patients, diffuse bilaterally ground glass opacities (GGO) are presented on the chest CT. In oncological patients infected with COVID-19, a less common symptomatology such as gastrointestinal discomfort, dry cough without fever, which is difficult to associate with this viral infection, are observed. The features of pneumonia are accompanied by leukopenia, lymphopenia and accelerated ESR. Hematuria, proteinuria, elevated transaminases and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels are result of vasculitis which affects parenchymal organs like kidneys and liver. The radiological features of COVID-19 pneumonia are not specific. The ground glass opacities (GGO) are bilateral, asymmetrical, peripheral and subpleural in location, with predilection for the lower lobes. CT detection is very useful in time course of the disease with checking severity and prognosis of the disease.


The growth in world trade and energy requirements, intense competition and the mounting costs of manpower and maintenance are resulting in profound changes in the shipping industry. Container ships, combination carriers and tankers are likely to be the dominant ship types of the future, and the traditional types of propulsion unit, i.e. the slow speed Diesel and the steam turbine, will be increasingly challenged by the medium speed Diesel and the gas turbine. Automation, already well established, will become almost universal in the future and will demand the utmost in reliability in all components, including all products supplied by the petroleum industry. This paper reviews the problems involved in the lubrication of marine propulsion units and describes the properties required of the various types of oils involved, both now and in the future. Developments in fuels are also discussed, since these can have an important influence on lubrication also. Finally, some comments are made on the role that the oil industry can play in shipping activities of the future.


A subset of 19 genotypes was formulated on the basis of mean values for various traits related to nitrogen use efficiency from 175 genotypes comprising advance breeding lines and released Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars observed under hydroponic condition. This subset was further evaluated in the pipe under nitrogen limiting environment for the various traits related to nitrogen use efficiency and other agronomic parameters. Variabilitystudy shows wide ranges of variation for the traits under studies. Nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) shows more variation in comparisons to nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) under N limiting condition. All of below ground and above ground traits except plant height shows positive correlation with nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). A positive correlation between shoot dry weight and root dry weight indicates no conflict for resource allocation and both can be simultaneously improved through selection in the breeding programme to improve NUE. Cluster analysis showedthat cluster III found to be best performing for NUE trait and can be used in selection or to generate desirable genetic variability. In this study, the derivative of the cross HD 2967/DT 2761 show high root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW) and thus finally lead to high NUE under limiting N and can be used further in breeding programmes.


The notion of statistical estimation both in terms of point and interval is described. The criteria of a good estimator are noted. The procedures to calculate the intervals for the mean, proportions and the difference among two means as well as the confidence intervals for the probable errors in statistics are provided.


Glycosylation is an essential biochemical process. It is of great significance to detect the glycoproteins sensitively to understand its biological function. While the rapid development of MS-based technologies has considerably promoted the research of glycoproteome, the low abundance and heterogeneity of glycosylation still make the comprehensive analysis of glycoproteome challenging. To analyze the glycoproteome with high selectivity and sensitivity, the enrichment process before mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is particularly critical. In this chapter, current representative methods for glycoproteins/glycopeptides enrichment are summarized with advantages and limitations discussed.


The weak interlayer has become a weak link in slope engineering due to its rheological effect. It is of great significance to study the nonlinear creep model of weak interlayer for long-term stability of the slope. In this paper, based on the creep curve characteristics of weak interlayer and considering the influence of aging damage, the nonlinear improvement of a classical viscoplastic body under stress and time-double threshold conditions is carried out, so that it can more accurately reflect the accelerated creep characteristics of the weak interlayer. By analyzing the relationship between failure load and time, the accelerated creep time threshold of the weak interlayer is obtained. On this basis, a nonlinear damage creep constitutive model of the weak interlayer is constructed and its creep equation is derived. By using the self-defined function fitting tool of Origin software and the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization algorithm, the creep test data of weak interlayer are fitted and compared. The fitting curve is in good agreement with the test data, which shows the rationality and applicability of the nonlinear creep model. The results show that the nonlinear damage creep model constructed in this paper can well describe the creep characteristics of the weak interlayer and the model has important theoretical reference significance for the study of long-term stability of slope with the weak interlayer.


Over the past two decades, high pressure food processing at ambient temperature has become a mature technology and has successfully been introduced at industrial scale for a large range of food products. The technology offers the food industry an alternative to conventional methods of thermal processing because in a number of cases it allows avoiding the production of undesirable changes in foods that hamper the balance between high quality (color, flavor and functionality) and safety. At the same time the technology offers an additional processing variable that allows creating new (combinations of) functional properties of foods better addressing consumer preference, acceptance and needs. This paper focuses on high pressure high temperature processing of foods, in particular plant based food systems. Parts of the data that will be presented have recently been obtained in the context of NovelQ. NovelQ represents an integrated interdisciplinary research, demonstration and dissemination project designed to overcome bottlenecks inhibiting the introduction of novel technologies in the European food industry.


This paper deals with the dynamic characterization of a flexible aerospace solar boom. The modeling issues and sine dwell vibration testing to determine natural frequencies and mode shapes of a continuous-longer on deployable ASTROMAST lattice boom are discussed. The details of the proof-of-concept piezoelectric active vibration experiments on a simple cantilever beam to control its vibrations are presented. The control parameters like voltage to the controller crystal and its location are investigated, to determine the effectiveness of control element to suppress selected resonant vibrations of the test specimen. Details of this experiment and plans for its future adaptation to the prototype structure are also discussed.


Contents: Introduction: The relationship of artist and society: historical perspectives Artist and society in the early 20th century Artist-operas as self-(re)presentation Precursors of the 20th-century artist-opera The artist-opera and politics Pfitzner, Palestrina, and the nonpolitical composer: The context of Palestrina Political conservatism c. World War I Conservative politics and art (1): Thomas Mann's Betrachtungen eines Unpolitischen Conservative politics and art (2): Pfitzner's aesthetics Conservatism in Palestrina The character of Palestrina as 'nonpolitical' The Council of Trent as 'political' Krenek spielt auf: Jonny, Jazz and the modern composer: The context of Jonny spielt auf: politics and culture in the Weimar Republic Americanism and politics Americanism, mass culture and jazz Krenek and the meaning of popular music The influence of Paul Bekker Artists and society in Jonny spielf auf Max's transformation Krenek and Jonny spielf auf Painting and politics in Hindemith's Mathis der Maler: The context of Mathis der Maler: Germany in the 1930s Aspects of national socialist ideology Hindemith's aesthetics Artist and society in Mathis der Maler Hindemith and the Third Reich Conclusion: artistic identity as performative Appendix Bibliography Index.


A novel thermal actuator has been designed and fabricated. The proposed microstructure has three degrees of freedom and as such can have displacements simultaneously in the X, Y and Z-axis. The operation of the microactuator is based on thermal expansion of polyimide. The displacement in the three axes is obtained by placing individually controllable heaters on the polyimide surface such that they produce localized expansion. The performance of the microactuator was evaluated by using the physical properties of materials and finite element analysis (FEA) using ANSYS software. The effects of shape, size, and the material properties of the actuator as well as the heater elements were analyzed and optimal designs were derived. The fabrication process sequence was detailed.


Spirulina biomass has great nutritional value, but its proteins are not as well adsorbed as animal ones are. New functional food ingredients and metabolites can be obtained from spirulina, using different selective biodegradations of its biomass. Four enzyme-assisted extraction methods were independently studied, and their best operation conditions were determined. Enzymes were employed to increase the yield of easily adsorbed proteic extracts. A biomass pre-treatment using Alcalase® (pH 6.5, 1% v/w, and 30 °C) is described, which increased the extraction yield of hydrophilic biocomponents by 90% w/w compared to the simple solvent extraction. Alcalase® gives rise to 2.5–6.1 times more amino acids than the others and eight differential short peptides (438–1493 Da). These processes were scaled up and the extracts were analyzed. Higher destruction of cell integrity in the case of Alcalase® was also visualized by transmission electron microscopy. The described extractive technology uses cheap, commercial, food grade enzymes and hexane, accepted for food and drug safety. It is a promising process for a competitive biofactory, thanks to an efficient production of extracts with high applied potential in the nutrition, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.


Objective
To investigate the clinical effect of super selective embolization combined with operation for treatment of meningiomas.

Methods
82 cases treated by operation and pathology in return for meningioma were collected in the study, including 44 cases of preoperative superselective embolization for aneurysms as the treatment group, and the remaining 38 cases without preoperative embolization of patients as the control group. The operation time, bleeding amount in the operation and the rate of total tumor removal were recorded and compared between the two groups.

Results
The average amount of bleeding of treatment group was(330.36±95.41)mL. The average amount of bleeding of control group was(460.82±114.64)m L.The data of the two groups was statistically significant (t=5.624,P<0.01)., The treatment group bleeding amount was less than that of the control group;, the mean operation time of treatment group was(5.36±2.62)h,, the average operation time of control group was(6.63±2.25)h. The data of the two groups was statistically significant(t=2.355,P=0.021),the operation time of the treatment group was less than that of the control group. The total resection rate was 70.4%in treatment group and 36.8%in the control group,there was statistically significant(P<0.05), and the total resection rate in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group.

Conclusion
Compared with single operation treatment of meningiomas superselective embolization combined with operation for treatment of meningiomas can shorten operation time,reduce intraoperative hemorrhage, improve the rate of total tumor removal. It can reduce the operation risk and improve the treatment effect.

Key words:
Meningioma; Chenical embolization, thrapeutic; Operation


Heavy duty riveted gratings are a good alternative for applications that often employ other deck systems, if they are carefully analyzed under static and fatigue loads. Understanding the static behavior of a riveted steel deck under tire patch loads will aid in establishing a design model based on an effective beam width. In addition, use of a riveted system avoids welded details that may lead to fatigue cracking, thereby improving design life. In this study, analysis of a typical riveted steel deck under a standard AASHTO fatigue truck with a 15% impact factor was conducted. Hand calculations were compared with the results of a finite element model using SAP2000 v19.2.1. Bending moments and stresses were evaluated and compared. Stresses at the rivet hole for the most highly loaded bearing bar were evaluated. A model for fatigue cracking around a rivet hole is discussed.


Gabal El-Missikat granitic pluton is affected by two fault systems trending NW-SE (the oldest) and ENE-WSW directions. It is one of the uranium occurrences in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. The northwestern margins of El-Missikat pluton, along its contact with the gneissose quartz diorite, are dissected by numerous reactivated fractured shear zones running generally ENE-WSW to NE-SW and dipping about 60-70 to SE. Many white (oldest), smoky or black and jasperoid (youngest) silica veinlets fill the fractures of these shear zones. These veins are of irregular shape and variable thickness ranging from few centimeters to about three meters. They are chiefly affected by silicification, sericitization, hematitization , kaolinization and hydrothermal alterations processes. The smoky black veins are hosting secondary uranium and fluorite-, sulphide-gold mineralizations. Polished surface studies, ICP-ES and Atomic Absorption as well as Scanning Electron Microscope measurements recorded galena, pyrite chalcopyrite, sphaleriteand molybdenite in the black and jasperoid mineralized veins. Gold associated with ore mineral assemblage as pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, sheelite and iron oxides. The identified sulphide minerals not bearing gold are recorded. Gold are relatively coarse-grained, massive and metallic yellow or stretched bronze colored particles. The recorded secondary U minerals associates the sulphide gold-mineralization in the black and jasperoid silica veins. Regarding the mobility of both uranium and gold, Umobilized in oxidizing medium and migrate and transport as U, then deposited later as U when the medium changes to be reducing characterized by high ƒO 2 . On contrary, gold mobilized when the medium is complex AuCl ion bearing. Consequently, ElMissikat granitic pluton affected by oxidizing Au and Cl bearing high temperature hydrothermal solutions that leached U, W and Mo from the granitic mass as U, later decrease of temperature, both U and gold deposited as well as the sulphide minerals of Pb, Zn, cu, Fe and Mo in the high temperature hydrothermal fluids were deposited with increase of S ion. INTRODUCTION Gabal El-Missikat granitic pluton lies at the extreme northwestern corner of the central Eastern tectonic Domain, directly south to Qena-Safaga paved road at km 85 from Qena. This pluton is bounded by lat. 26 15' to 26 30' N and long. 33 15' to 33 30' E as a high mountainous peak (891 m. a.s.l) of younger granite. It covers about 377.4 km as an area with an oval outline elongated roughly in a NW direction. El-Missikat granitic pluton representing one of the important uranium occurrences in the Eastern Desert of Egypt have been studied by several workers (El-Kassas, 1974; Bakhit, 1978; El-Shazly et. al., 1981; Habib, ISSN 2314-5609 Nuclear Sciences Scientific Journal 5, 33-47 2016 http://www.ssnma.com 34 FATHY A. AMMAR et al. 1982; Attawyia, 1984; El-Tahir, 1985; Bakhit et. al., 1985; Abu Deif, 1985 and 1992; Hussein et. al., 1986; Mohamed, 1988 and 1995; Ahmed, 1991; Abu-Deif et. al., 1997; Orabi, 1999; Ibrahim, 2002; Amer et. al., 2005, Ammar, 2007 and El-Sherif, 2013). These studies concentrated on the uranium mineralization existing in the shear zone. On studying the sulphide mineral constituents associating the uranium mineralizations, Ammar, (2007) recorded gold mineralization. In this respect, gold mineralization associating U mineralizatiom is also recorded in the younger granite pluton of El Aradiya and northward in the Gattar granite (Hassaan, 2011). The present work aims at probable genetic affiliation of the gold mineralization in association with the U-mineralization of El-Missikat granitic pluton to interpret this feature. SAMPLING AND METHODS OF ANALYSES Ten samples were collected from the mineralized zones related to the silica veins cutting El-Missikat granite. These samples represent white silica (three samples), black silica (three samples), jasperoid silica (two samples) and host granite (two samples). The white silica samples collected from a site nearby the black silica are coated by hematite and limonite. The collected black silica samples filling the fractures of the shear zone, being hematitized, containing vugs that coated by enriched secondary uranium minerals. The jasperoid silica samples were collected from the highly brecciated veins that contain fragments of proper granite and deformed fragments of silica. The granite samples were collected from a site nearby the alteration zones. This granite is highly altered, kaolinitized and/or sericitized. Each of the studied rock samples as well as prepared composite sample, from the three silica varietes, were crushed, ground, quartered, splitted and sieved with (-30 +60), (-60 +230) and (-230) mesh sizes. Heavy liquid separation using bromoform (sp.gr = 2.85) was carried out to separate the heavy minerals constituents from the (-60 +230) mesh size fractions, followed by removing magnetite from the heavy fraction by hand magnet. The heavy minerals were picked under the binocular microscope for Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) investigations. Polarized and ore microscopes were used to investigate the thin sections and polished surfaces, respectively. EDX investigations and probe analysis of some separated grains were carried out using equipment Model JEOL {with System Resolution = 93 eV, Quantitative method (ZAF, 2 interations) at 20 K eV} . The X-ray fluorescence technique (XRF) was used to determine the trace element, content using PHILIPS X-Unique-II Spectrometer with automatic sample changer PW 1510, (30 positions). The detection limit for the elements measured by XRF technique is estimated at 2 ppm for Rb, Nb, Ga, Co, Y and Sr and at 8 ppm for Pb and Cu and 5 ppm for other measured trace elements. ICP-AES (Plasmaquant, MO Analytic, Jeva) for major elements analyses and ICP-MS (PQ EXAZ, Thermo-Elemental) Technique for rare earth elements (REE) measurements were used. Gamma-ray, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Scaning Electron Microscope (SEM) as well as the other applied techniques were carried out in the laboratories of the Egyptian Nuclear Materials Authority (NMA). The ICP analyses and probe analysis were undertaken in the Geology, Mineralogy and Geochemistry Institute, Martin-Luther University, Halle, Germany. GEOLOGIC SETTING The country rock types are granitic gneiss, ophiolitic serpentinite, amphibolites, island metagabbro, metadiabase, metabasalt, metaandesite, cordelarian calc-alkaline granite types, felsite and alkaline granite. These rock types at El-Missikat younger granite pluton 35 GENETIC AFFILIATION OF GOLD AND URANIUM MINERALIZATION crop out as concentric oval body extending NW-SE. This granite body is affected by several NW-SE (the oldest) and ENE-WSW (the youngest) trending faults expressed by wadis. It forms the highest peak in the area (Fig. 1). The Northwestern margins of El-Missikat granite, along its contact with the gneissose quartz diorite (Fig. 2) are dissected by numerous reactivated fractured shear zones running generally ENE-WSW to NE-SW and dipping about 60-70 to SE (Fig. 3). The ENE trend is apparently representing reactivated tensional fractures genetically related to the NW left-lateral strike slip fault (Habib, 1982). This shear zone contains different silica veins concentrically arranged. The white siliceous veins are arranged directly along the walls of the shear zone grade inward into the black type and end by the jasperized ones in the core. The most significant mineralization bearing are the smoky to black and red jasperized zones of the veins (Fig. 4). These veins are of irregular shape with variable thickness ranging from few centimeters Fig. 1: Geologic Map of El-Missikat Area (After Abu Dief, 1985) Fig. 2: Photograph Showing panoramic view of Gabal El-Missikat granite Fig. 3 : Photograph Showing general view of ElMissikat granitic shear zone 36 FATHY A. AMMAR et al. to about three meters. The black silica veins host secondary uranium minerals, fluorite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite. The light colored veins display white, light-grey, pale-brown colors. Under microscope, they consist mainly of anhedral quartz grains 0.2-1.5 mm in length and as coarse aggregates of quartz which show interlocking grain boundaries with undulose extinction.


Methods and compositions for forming polyurethane foam. A method for manufacturing an aromatic polyester polyol com prises heating a glycol, a dicarboxylic acid or ester, function ality enhancing agent, and a natural oil to about 480° F. to form a reaction product, allowing the reaction product to cool to about 140° F., and adding additional glycol to form an aromatic polyester polyol composition, wherein the total gly col comprises less than about 36 weight percent of the polyol composition. An aromatic polyester polyol composition com prises a glycol, a dicarboxylic acid or ester, functionality enhancing agent, and a natural oil, wherein the total glycol comprises less than about 36 weight percent of the aromatic polyester polyol composition. An aromatic polyester polyol composition comprising a cyclopentane Solubility of at least about 25 percent, a hydroxyl number of at least about 150, the natural oil comprising less than about 25 weight percent, and/or the dicarboxylic acid or ester comprising more than about 29 weight percent of the polyol composition.


The diurnal variation of nitrate and sugars may vary with plant size and the ability to take up, synthesize, and use metabolites. Three sequential plantings of Bibb lettuce germinated at 2-week intervals were grown in hydroponics to provide plants differing in size. These plants were sampled at 3-hour intervals from 600 to 2100 hours on 14 August 2007. Samples were frozen and freeze dried, and dried tissue was extracted and analyzed for soluble sugars and nitrate using LC chromatography. There was a greater increase during the day in dry/fresh weight ratio for small compared to large plants. On a fresh weight basis, tissue nitrate of small plants was only half that for larger plants. It did not vary with time. Soluble sugars were similar for all plant sizes early in the day, but increased two-fold more in the light for small compared to large plants. To model this behavior, plants were simulated as a 'big-cell' with simplified metabolic reactions and transport processes sensitive to internal metabolite concentrations. Photosynthesis and nitrate reductase were affected by irradiance and leaf area index. Amino acid, protein, and structure synthesis depended on concentrations of ammonium and sugars. Use of nitrate in leaves was affected both by nitrate reductase and availability of sugars. Sugars were produced by photosynthesis and consumed by respiration and processes related to growth. The strengths and weaknesses of this model are discussed.


Background: Although guidelines recommend the use of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) for hand hygiene (HH), the impact of its routine use on antimicrobial resistance is not clear. Objective: To analyze the impact on the CHG susceptibility among isolates obtained from hands of HCW during its routine use for HH. Methods: We conducted a crossover study at 4 medical-surgical wards of a tertiary-care hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. In 2 units (intervention group), we established routine use of CHG for HH. For the other 2 units (control group), regular soap was provided. The availability of alcohol formulation for HH was not changed during the study. Every 4 months we swapped the units, ie, those using CHG changed for regular soap and vice versa. At baseline, we cultured the hands of HCWs. Only nursing staff hands were investigated. For hand culturing, HCWs placed their hands inside a sterile bag containing a solution of phosphate-buffered saline, Tween 80, and sodium thiosulfate. After the solution incubated overnight, it was inoculated onto brain-heart infusion. Next, it was plated on McConkey and Mannitol agar. MALDI-TOF was used for identification. Agar dilution was performed for Staphylococcus spp. We selected all Staphylococcus spp with MIC ≥ 8 and performed inhibition of efflux pump test. For isolates that showed a decrease of 2 dilutions, we searched the gene qacA/B by polymerase chain reaction. Results: We obtained 262 samples from HCW hands yielding 428 isolates. The most frequent genera were Staphylococcus spp (58%), Acinetobacter spp (8%), Enterobacter spp (8%), Stenotrophomonas spp (5%), Klebsiella spp (4%), Pseudomonas spp (3%), and others (14%). Staphylococcus spp were less frequent in the intervention compared to control group (43% vs 61%; OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.29–0.69; P = .005). Among all Staphylococcus spp, the proportion of chlorhexidine resistance (RCHG; MIC ≥ 8) was 12%. All resistant isolates recovered susceptibility after inoculation with pump-efflux inhibitor. For pump-inhibited isolates, 53% had the gene qacA/B amplified by PCR. We did not investigate RCHG among gram-negative isolates. There was a nonsignificant increase in Staphylococcus spp RCHG in the intervention group (4% to 6%; P = .90). Healthcare-acquired infection rates did not change significantly during the intervention. The consumption of CHG increased from 7.3 to 13.9 mL per patient day. Conclusions: We did not detect a significant difference in RCHG during the routine use of CHG for HH, although we observed increasing resistance. Further investigation is needed to clarify other reasons for increasing MIC to CHG. Funding: None Disclosures: None


After decades of debate, we still fail to understand how to integrate vertical programs into a national health system to produce the best overall health outcomes. For years, WHO has argued for a broader approach by giving priority to and strengthening primary health care - an essential component of the overall health system (Alma Ata, 1978; WHO, 2008.) Analytical studies have long found that narrowly targeted programs 2 create unintended, negative consequences (Takemi and Reich, 2009). Moreover, lessons from the past decade have taught us that a strong, sound national health system is a pre-condition to scale up and create countrywide sustainable, targeted programs; otherwise, we encounter tremendous barriers in scaling-up and issues of program sustainability. In light of these findings, G8 leaders endorsed the report of the G8 Health Expert Group (2008) to strengthen health systems in order to control communicable diseases. Subsequently, the High Level Taskforce on Innovative Financing for Health Systems (2009) has called for a common "health systems funding platform" among the major international donors. Indeed, a common platform is an innovative approach to resolve some of the contradictions between the different programs. The foundation on which to build a common "platform" depends on whether the key stakeholders can agree on a common conceptual framework for health system strengthening. Such a framework is necessary for all key stakeholders to focus on a set of strategic elements that can improve the performance of health systems, targeted programs, and primary health care alike. This paper first examines the purpose of such a framework. Next, we review the common and disparate interests of targeted programs, primary care, and national health systems. We particularly focus on their shared interest. Then we critically review the various existing conceptual frameworks to determine which ones could guide the thinking of policymakers in making decisions that would improve performance. We elaborate on one framework in particular that seems to be best suited. Lastly, we suggest a set of guiding principles in selecting and creating a common conceptual framework that would serve as the foundation for this common "platform."


To highlight the importance of appropriate imaging modalities for abnormal clinical presentations.

 Xyo woman presented with severe right upper-quadrant pain to the emergency department. Prior history of colicky abdominal pain for 1 year, right-sided nephrectomy and hypertension. She stated that the current epsiode of pain was the worst so far, becoming more persistent, prompting her to call an ambulance. Cholecystitis was suspected, so a Computed Tomography abdomen/pelvis was performed. A dilated, inflamed gallbladder was noted in contact with the right psoas major, with what appeared to be an abscess in the right psoas major.

 A Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography was performed, which demonstrated that the aforementioned abscess was in fact a large cavity within the psoas major, containing up to 15 gallstones. Cholelithiasis was also seen, with common bile duct dilatation and evidence of a common bile duct stone. An Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography was performed, and X recovered well post-procedure with analgesia and antibiotics.

 Acute cholecystitis/intra-abdominal gallstones may result in abscess/cavity formations and abnormal biliary clinical presentations. It is important therefore to fully investigate abnormal hepatobiliary imaging with multiple imaging modalities to allow for accurate diagnosis and appropriate further management of presentations.


The invention provides a marine ship fuel management system. The marine ship fuel management system comprises a cabin fuel system; the cabin fuel system includes a storage fuel tank, and a fuel inlet pipe and a fuel transmission pipe communicated with the storage fuel tank; a fuel purifying device is arranged between the fuel transmission pipe and the fuel inlet pipe; a liquid level sensor is arranged in the storage fuel tank; flow sensors are respectively arranged on the fuel inlet pipe and the fuel transmission pipe; the liquid level sensor and the flow sensors are both connected with a PC through circuits; data acquired by the liquid level sensor and the flow sensors is unified to transmit to the PC for processing; the PC is electrically connected with each sensor arranged in the cabin fuel system through a bus box; the bus box takes charge of reading and storing the data of each sensor in the cabin fuel system, and actuates instructions sent by the PC; and the real-time obtaining of the data of the sensors is realized directly or indirectly through the PC, so that the inquiry function of fuel consumption and fuel stock condition is realized. The system realizes real-time monitoring, abnormality warning and data statistic analysis.


Background

Japan is the only country where the numbers of HIV carrier and AIDS patient are still increasing among the developed countries. School health education is the important chance to be enlightened to this big health threat especially the stage of adolescence. We tried to figure out how the HIV/AIDS issues are mentioned in the textbooks as the basic source of the knowledge.

Methods

All the health education …


Background: A surrogate endpoint is an endpoint observed earlier than the true endpoint (a health outcome) that is used to draw conclusions about the effect of treatment on the unobserved true endpoint. A prognostic marker is a marker for predicting the risk of an event given a control treatment; it informs treatment decisions when there is information on anticipated benefits and harms of a new treatment applied to persons at high risk. A predictive marker is a marker for predicting the effect of treatment on outcome in a subgroup of patients or study participants; it provides more rigorous information for treatment selection than a prognostic marker when it is based on estimated treatment effects in a randomized trial. Methods: We organized our discussion around a different theme for each topic. Results: "Fundamentally an extrapolation" refers to the non-statistical considerations and assumptions needed when using surrogate endpoints to evaluate a new treatment. "Decision analysis to the rescue" refers to use the use of decision analysis to evaluate an additional prognostic marker because it is not possible to choose between purely statistical measures of marker performance. "The appeal of simplicity" refers to a straightforward and efficient use of a single randomized trial to evaluate overall treatment effect and treatment effect within subgroups using predictive markers. Conclusion: The simple themes provide a general guideline for evaluation of surrogate endpoints, prognostic markers, and predictive markers.


A progressive optimality-genetic algorithm(POA-GA) is proposed to optimize the long-time operation of cascade reservoirs,which is a typical highly nonlinear,multi-dimensional,multi-period optimization problem.The long-time optimal operation of cascade reservoirs is partitioned into many two-stage problems,each can be optimized by using genetic algorithm(GA) respectively.The optimal results of the Daduhe River's four cascade hydropower stations show that POA-GA is effective in the long-term optimal operation of cascade reservoirs,which occupies little of computer's memory and has a high rate of convergence.


The Covid-19 pandemic has brought big changes to the world of education in Indonesia. Learning that should be done in person or face-to-face turns into online learning. This raises problems for the readiness of schools, teachers, and students in carrying out learning. This study aims to obtain information about the effectiveness of digital media in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, whether digital media has been effective and its use is optimal in learning. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using an online survey method. The results obtained were that online learning using digital media at SDN 1 Gambasan Temanggung did not increase student scores because only about 20% of student scores had increased, 50% of students also complained about the lack of facilities and infrastructure that support learning. Teachers also have not been able to use digital media in accordance with the characteristics of learning, this is evidenced by 45% of students answered disagree. Students also do not have higher motivation when using digital media, it is proven that only 5% agree. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that digital media is less effective when the supporting facilities and infrastructure are minimal.


From viewpoint of shareholders,this paper explores the provision designing for issuing convertible bonds in China on the condition of private benefits control,five main provisions for issuing convertible bonds are analyzed,which include bond provision,conversion,resell,redemption and downward adjustment of convertible price.It is indicated that objective provision designation for issuing convertible bonds is to protect the benefit of stockholder(non-circulating shareholders),cater to the demand of investor,but impairing the benefit of circulating stockholders.It does not achieve the equal benefit protection among circulating stockholders,non-circulating sharehold and investor.


Object detection utilizing Frequency Modulated Continous Wave radar is becoming increasingly popular in the field of autonomous systems. Radar does not possess the same drawbacks seen by other emission-based sensors such as LiDAR, primarily the degradation or loss of return signals due to weather conditions such as rain or snow. However, radar does possess traits that make it unsuitable for standard emission-based deep learning representations such as point clouds. Radar point clouds tend to be sparse and therefore information extraction is not efficient. To overcome this, more traditional digital signal processing pipelines were adapted to form inputs residing directly in the frequency domain via Fast Fourier Transforms. Commonly, three transformations were used to form Range-Azimuth-Doppler cubes in which deep learning algorithms could perform object detection. This too has drawbacks, namely the pre-processing costs associated with performing multiple Fourier Transforms and normalization. We explore the possibility of operating on raw radar inputs from analog to digital converters via the utilization of complex transformation layers. Moreover, we introduce hierarchical Swin Vision transformers to the field of radar object detection and show their capability to operate on inputs varying in pre-processing, along with different radar configurations, i.e. relatively low and high numbers of transmitters and receivers, while obtaining on par or better results than the state-of-the-art.


During summer 2016 in the District of Palermo, Italy, the rapid succession of four cases of 14 invasive meningococcal disease among young adults, with one death, have had an extraordinary 15 emphasis by Local and National mass media. The resultant "epidemic of panic" among general 16 population overloaded vaccination Units of the Palermo District during following months. 17 Strategies implemented by Sicilian and Local Public Health Authorities to counteract "meningitis 18 fear" were: a) extension of active and free of charge anti-meningococcal tetravalent vaccination from 19 age class 12-18 to 12-30 years old; b) implementation of vaccination units usual opening hours and 20 rooms tailored for vaccine administration; c) development of informative institutional tools and 21 timely communications throughout local mass media to reassure general population. In 2016, was 22 observed an increase of anti-meningococcal coverage in Palermo District (+18% for 16th y.o. and + 23 14% for 18th y.o. cohorts) and at Regional Level (+11.2% and +13.5% respectively). Concurrent catch24 up of other recommended vaccination for age (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-poliomyelitis and 25 papillomavirus), resulted in further increase of doses administered. The fear for meningitis, 26 managed by Sicilian Public Health Authorities, had positive reverberations in terms of prevention. 27 In particular, informative strategies adopted sensibly contributed to get Sicilian young adults closer 28 to vaccination issues. 29


SUBMERGED arc furnaces have been in commercial operation for more than 50 years. However, the literature tells little about what they require from the supplier of the electric energy or what effects they have on the supply system. Information follows on the electrical performance of such a furnace.


Recently there have been a growing concern over the lightning caused damages, and disturbances on the consumer operated equipments utilizing a telephone line. This concern has been attributed by the fact that most of today's consumers' equipments comprise of electronic devices or microprocessor controls that operate at low voltages, which can be superceded by even distant lightning strike. Lightning strike can be either direct or indirect, which causes induced voltage along the telephone lines when it strikes on to the line or at a distance from the line. In this paper the induced voltages on a conductor of 7 m height above the ground are calculated as a function of distance from the strike point using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method, as it could be a necessary data for deciding the possible future protection scheme. It has been shown that finitely conducting ground (lossy case) has pronounced effects for lightning surge propagation and induced amplitude overvoltages along the telephone line above the ground and can not be neglected in the calculations of the induced overvoltages along the line due to lightning strike compared to an infinitely conducting ground (lossless case).