Using the latest physical modeling and constrained by the most recent data, we develop a phenomenological parameterized model of the contributions to intensity and polarization maps at millimeter wavelengths from external galaxies and Sunyaev–Zeldovich effects. We find such modeling to be necessary for estimation of cosmological parameters from Planck data. For example, ignoring the clustering of the infrared background would result in a bias in ns of 7σ in the context of an eight-parameter cosmological model. We show that the simultaneous marginalization over a full foreground model can eliminate such biases, while increasing the statistical uncertainty in cosmological parameters by less than 20%. The small increases in uncertainty can be significantly reduced with the inclusion of higher-resolution ground-based data. The multi-frequency analysis we employ involves modeling 46 total power spectra and marginalization over 17 foreground parameters. We show that we can also reduce the data to a best estimate of the cosmic microwave background power spectra, with just two principal components (with constrained amplitudes) describing residual foreground contamination.


high-Vth one are also shown for comparison. The noise margins of both memory cells deceasc for reducing the supply voltage. But, the noise margin of the multi-Vth memory cell is more than twice that of the conventional one because the read-port of the multi-Vth cell does not affect the data-hold itode of the cell. The characteristics of the power dissipation of the multiplexer are shown in Fig. 5. The increase of'the Vth makes possible the reduction of the power dissipation of the multiplexer. When the threshold voltage is increased i'rom 0.15 to 0.35 V, the multiplexer can reduce the power dissipation by 60 % at 1 V and 80 % at 0.5 V. The delay-time characteristics of the multiplexer are shown in Fig. 6. The capacitance of the bit-line connected to the multi-Vth nlemory cell composed of SO1 devices with small junction capacitance is smaller than that of a memory cell composed of bulk devices. At 0.5 V, the delay time of the rnultiplexer of the SO1 SRAM with the bit-line capacitance of 0.4 pF, which comesponds to the sum of a row of 512 memory cells, is less than 75% that of the bulk SRAM with the bit-line capacitance of 0.8 pF. To verify the effectiveness of the multi-Vth memory cell scheme, we designed and fabricated a 64-Kb SRAM with 0.35-pm MTCMOS/SIMOX technology. The thicknesses of the gate-oxide, the active silicon layer, and the buriedoxide in the SIMOX-wafer are 7, 50, and 100 nm, respectively. The absolute values of the threshold voltage of lowand high-Vth MOSFETs are 0.15 and 0.35 V. A microphotograph of the SRAM is shown in Pig. 7 (a). The memory cell is 30% larger than the conventional single-port cell. The shmoo plots for evaluating the maxirnum operating frequency are shown in Fig. 7 (b). The maximum operating frequencies of over 100 and 20 MHz were confinned at the supply voltages of I and 0.5 V. The power consuniptions are 8 mW and 0.4 mW, respectively. The power consumption in the sleep mode is less than 0. I pW. The features of the SRAM are sunimarized in Table. Acknowledgment


The subjective capacity to distinguish non alcoholic and alcoholic drinks of different concentration was investigated with alcohol doses of 0.75 0/00 (group A) and 1.03 0/00 (group B). In 3 of 12 students (group A) and 15 of 20 (group B), wrong estimation of the offered drinks registered. While only a partial statistically significant negative influence on sensomotoric efficiency was found in group A, there was a statistically high significant reduction of sensomotoric efficiency in group B.


I did not select the title of this particular presentation, but I must compliment those who did because, fortunately, it allows a considerable amount of latitude insofar as the subject matter is concerned. While the current researches I plan to discuss are rather diversified, they essentially have been built upon our early studies. Therefore, perhaps by way of introduction, it would be appropriate to discuss briefly the history of our clinical research programme in general. Our Family Planning Centres in Los Angeles embarked on a programme of evaluation of simpler forms of contraception in the early 1950s. At that time, we were looked upon as `radicals' because we had the temerity to suggest that perhaps the diaphragm and jelly did not have to be the only effective medicallyprescribed method of contraception. We went so far as to suggest, and then demonstrate, that certain specially prepared creams and jellies and, later, foams might have a reasonably good degree of effectiveness on their own and that the diaphragm could be eliminated (Behne, Clark, Jennings, Palláis, Olson, Wolf & Tyler, 1956; Wolf, Olson & Tyler, 1957). With these efforts which gained us a reputation for being renegades, we, naturally, were easy prey for anyone who approached us with a reasonable contraceptive idea that merited investigation. It was with this clinical research background, therefore, that, in 1956, a few months after the original study of steroid oral contraceptives was begun in Puerto Rico, our clinics began the initial investigation of these agents in the United States. Since that time, we have tested virtually every preparation made available to investigators in our country as well as a few from overseas. Much of


This report briefly explains the different accounting standards and U.S. capital markets. It examines several International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) policy options Congress might consider and the benefits and challenges of each of those options.


Standards, test procedures and research works appoint the regularity of seed longitudinal distribution as one of the seed drills operational characteristics that contributes for attainment of an adequate plant stand and good productivity. Coefficient of variation (CV) of the spacing population and the percentage of acceptable spacings of seeds "normally sown" are the parameters used for that evaluation. This study was conducted to test different procedures recommended to calculate the coefficient of variation and the percentage of acceptable seed spacings. Four treatments (DEA, ISO, ABNT and INTA adapted) were applied to seed spacing populations resultant of bench tests with three types of metering mechanisms - horizontal plate, inclined plate and pneumatic device. For two of these mechanisms, the results of the application of the different treatments were quite different with respect of both evaluation parameters. Depending on the treatment, mistake should be made in the performance evaluation process with approval of a mechanism, that is perfect as a machine, but completely incapable to satisfy the agricultural requirements, its basic purpose.


Sludics done in BraziJ, under lhe CNPq (Brazil) and ORSTOM (France) agreerncnl . • lIowt:d us 10 envisage lhe general IICnd of climatic ehangcs lhal oocurred during lhe lasl 60.000 years AI fiM. examinalion of successi\'c aocumulalion and ewsion phases, rec(lrded wíthin Cenual 8razilian valley dcposics, provided evidence of important changc::s in s10pc vegetalion etwer and in lhe bydrauJie regime of water coursc::s. and IM:nce charactcristics of precipitalion and elimate regimes. Sludks of Tamanduii river valley deposilS in lhe town of São SimAo (State of SJo Paulo) I.howcd lhal belween 32 and 21 ky. B.P. the elimale was bumid. whercas belwoen 11 and 11 ky. B.P. il was dJy wilb vel")' scaroc anel SlrOng nLins. From 10 ky lo 8.~ ky. B.P. tbe climale was humid 100. Finally, afier 7 .~ ky. B.P. lhe dcpoIIils revcalcd lhe existenceofseveraldJyepii0de5withlnagloba.llyhumidclimate Palyno1ogicat and scdimentological anaI)'SC5 of Iacu5trine deposilS sampled b)" vibrocorers in lhe Eastem ADIazon (Catajú, Stale of Pará) and in Central Brazil (SalitIe, State of MiIW Gerais) pennittcd us looullinc IheevolutionaJy historyoflhevegetation caver wilhin tbcsc regiDos duriq lhe last 60,000 years for CatajAs and 30,000 years for SalilIC and Ibus 10 have a prelúrúnary idca IIbouI theif past elimales. Tbcn, il was possibJc lo show lhal at CaraJAs regression ofthe evergreeII rainforest occurrcd f OU! times. aI aboul 60. 40. betwoen 23-11 and 7-4 lcy. e.p. Moreover, apparenlly lhe lasl rainforest regrel5ion episode WdS quite diffcrenl rromthepreviousthreccpisodes.AISalitre,themost cbaractcrislieistheindicationofthe cxistenceofAraucaria (oral betwocD 12 and 8 . ~ 'lcy. B.P. This Arallcaria fOre$l location is cJearly much funber north than aI pre:seDt. which $IIggesU; that during lhal time lhe: elimale W8$ wcttu and colder. Finally, studies devcloped a10ng tbecentral Brazilian eoast a1lowcd us 10 soow cvidcnce of wind-ldriven cllange in littoral dynamics during lhe: 1ast 5 ky. A detaikd ClWIlination of Doce river (Stale of


Twenty seven anther culture lines (AC-lines) from rice ( Oryza sativa L.) were produced from saline tolerant F 2 progeny after crosses between salt tolerant IRRI-derived lines and Bangladesh Rice and advanced up to Double Haploid 3 (DH 3 ) generation. Similarly crossed material, which did not respond to anther culture, was also advanced up to F 7 . The AC-lines were fully characterized for various salinity tolerance parameters at seedling and reduction division stages. The breeding lines were selected for tolerance again at F 4 and advanced on site in the coastal area. DH 3 plants were also evaluated for agronomic performance in normal soil. The best performing breeding as well as AC-lines in terms of salinity tolerance and agronomic properties were planted in farmers fields in the Boro season, when salinity levels are the highest in the coastal zones of Satkhira. One anther derived line AC-1 and three breeding lines, BR7076, BR7077 and BR7098 produced high yield under stress conditions, whereas AC-1, BR7076 and BR7077 showed moderate reduction in grain yield compared to non-saline conditions. Considering both tolerance and yield performance in the saline area, AC-1 showed more stability compared to the breeding lines. Key words: Anther culture; Breeding; Salinity stress; Coastal rice; Oryza sativa; Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v39i1.5529 Bangladesh J. Bot. 39(1): 71-78, 2010 (June)


unions, or other matters of great national scope. Nor is it true that local governments do a more economical and more efficient job. Sixth, joint state-national operation of many functions is more extensive than most people realize. Anderson contends that a healthy partnership has grown up between the states and the national government, in which expenses and administration are shared. For sober meditation by every good citizen are the following sentences from his concluding chapter: "The facts seem to reveal that there are no black and white contrasts between central and local government when genuine popular controls prevail over all levels. There are instead various shades of gray in the performance of government, and the darker grays are not by any means all at the level of central government."—-JEROME G. KERWIN


This paper investigates optical camera performance in natural atmospheres with low visibility including fog, mist, haze, and precipitation. Cameras that operated in most optical wavelengths windows were tested: VIS, NIR (active GV), SWIR, MWIR, and LWIR. An eye safe lidar was also included to estimate transmission in the SWIR region. The measurements were made against contrast board targets placed at 0.5, 1, and 2 km from the sensors. The targets were heated during parts of the campaign to create a thermal contrast, which was relevant for the infrared images. For each image, the contrast, PSF, and MTF were calculated with an in-house developed analysis tool. The parameters were plotted against visibility for various weather conditions. Long wavelengths have better transmittance through haze and small particle fog. In rain, snow or dense fog, where the particles are large, the transmittance is rather independent of the wavelength as is well documented elsewhere. In haze a SWIR camera can be expected to perform better than a visual (at least as good) but since the performance of the cameras was partly masked by different updates (and quality) this does not appear quite clear in the measurement data. The active GV-camera, operating in NIR gave the best results during low daylight conditions. However, the daylight background dominated over the laser illumination during day operation. In addition to the cameras, LIDAR measurements were made to investigate how the atmospheric attenuation is estimated using a single ended measurement sensor. The LIDAR data was used to calculate the atmospheric backscatter maximum and integrated backscatter and backscatter slope. These parameters in general correlated well with the visibility readings from the weather station.


X-ray structure amplitudes [F~o[ for urea at 123 K have been derived experimentally for 318 reflections, IF[ > 3tr(Fo), sin 0/h < 1.15 ,~-~. Corresponding amplitudes [F'ol have also been calculated for a simulated crystal structure with the charge density derived from a 6-31G** wavefunction for the isolated urea molecule. The nuclear positional and anisotropic thermal parameters at 123 K were those obtained by neutron diffraction. The [F~[ were placed on an 'absolute' scale with the [F'ol. Simple pseudoatom models for the charge density have been fitted by least squares using the set of ]FX[ and IF'o] as observations in separate refinements. Maps of the resulting static deformation density distribution are similar to each other and to the map derived directly from the wavefunction. Thus the pseudoatom models are efficient, although there are limitations which are attributed primarily to the restricted nature of the radial functions. The most significant differences between the experimental and theoretical model maps are close to the H atoms and may be related to H-bonding effects in the crystal. [Crystal data: a5-578(1), c = 4.686(1)~, tetragonal, P42~m with two molecules per unit cell lying in special positions having point symmetry 2mm.]


Epigenetic modifications are closely related to diseases and physiological health, mainly including DNA methylation, RNA methylation, histone acetylation, and noncoding RNA. Recently, a large amount of research has been conducted on the detection of epigenetic modifications. Electrochemical biosensors, with their low cost, high sensitivity, high compatibility, and simple operation, have been widely used in the detection of epigenetic biomarkers. This review discusses the detection of epigenetic biomarkers using different electrochemical sensing methods. Here we discuss various aspects, including free labels, signal labeling, signal amplification, nano-based electrodes, and the combined use of other methods. By summarizing the existing electrochemical detection methods for epigenetic modifications, this review also proposes future development trends and challenges for electrochemical biosensors in this field.


With the large-scale construction and rapid development of underground engineering, a large number of underground engineering construction, such as tunnel and subway emerged. The geological structure of the tunnel is complex and the roc is fragmented. Tunnel seismic image is a new geophysical technique. This method has advantages such as high resolution, high reliability and obvious image characteristics. Therefore, to insure the safety of the construction and to eliminate geological disasters, the advanced prediction technology of seismic image in tunnel detection is applied. In the paper, the seismic image was used to detect the Huangzhuang tunnel geological condition. The reflected waves, the refraction wave and the surface waves can reflect the same geological conditions, and the result is in accordance with the drilling. Tunnel seismic image can effectively and safely guide the excavation of the tunnel section working surface in combination with reconstructed images and excavation technology.


Background Neurobiological research has traditionally focused on vulnerability rather than on resilience to severe stress. So far, only a few neuroimaging studies examining resilience have used designs that allow disentangling of the neural correlates of resilience from those related to psychopathology or trauma-exposure alone. The aim of the present study was to identify structural brain correlates of resilience, their specific functional resting-state connectivity patterns and correlations with behavioral measures. Methods Multimodal MRI scanning was performed in three groups of police officers: (1) a resilient group (N = 29; trauma-exposed, no psychopathology), (2) a vulnerable group (N = 33; trauma-exposed, psychopathology), and (3) a control group (N = 19; no trauma, no psychopathology). Using whole brain and region-of-interest approaches, we examined gray matter volume, volume and shape of the hippocampus, white matter integrity, and resting-state functional connectivity using software tools from the FSL-library. Results In resilient police officers we found an increase in structural connectivity in a part of the corticopontine tract. We did not find specific patterns for gray matter volumes or volume and shape of the hippocampus. Areas directly adjacent to the structural connectivity results showed increased resting-state functional connectivity with the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex region. Both structural and functional connectivity results correlated with scores for specific emotion regulation strategies. Conclusions Resilient police officers show a specific pattern of increased structural and functional connectivity that implies regions involved in self-processing and is correlated with the use of higher order emotion regulation strategies. Chapter 8


The study of minerals and melts at in situ conditions is highly relevant to understand the physical and chemical properties of the Earth's crust and mantle. Here, x-ray Raman scattering provides a valuable tool to investigate the local atomic and electronic structure of Earth materials consisting predominantly of low Z elements at high pressures and temperatures. The capabilities of x-ray Raman scattering to investigate silicate minerals, glasses, and melts are discussed and the application of the method to in situ studies of silicate melts using a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell is demonstrated.


Milk proteins are the most important components in milk.such as casein,whey protein,milk fat globule membrane protein and so on.The introduction of main milk proteins with the characteristics of structure,dynamic changes and their functions was devoted.The advances and significances of milk protein researches were also presented.


The purpose of this experiment is to prove internal factors and external factors to the stock price. Internal factors include: Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Net Interest Margin and Operating Costs / Operational Scoping. While external factors include: the inflation rate and the BI rate. The population in this study is the company placed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the banking sector for the 2015-2019 period. There were 32 people represented in this study and used a collection technique, namely purposive sampling. The final results in this study indicate that ROA has a positive and significant effect on stock prices. ROE is negative and significant towards stock prices. Negative shares and insignificant stock prices. BOPO negative and insignificant influence on stock prices. The inflation rate is negative and insignificant towards stock prices. BI Rate has a positive and insignificant effect on stock prices. Simultaneously ROA, ROE, NIM, BOPO, Inflation Rate and BI Rate significantly influence stock prices.


The resonant circular photogalvanic effect is observed in wurtzite (0001)-oriented GaN low-dimensional structures excited by infrared radiation. The current is induced by angular-momentum transfer of photons to the photoexcited electrons at resonant intersubband optical transitions in a GaN/AlGaN heterojunction. The signal reverses upon the reversal of the radiation helicity or, at fixed helicity, when the propagation direction of the photons is reversed. Making use of the tunability of the free-electron laser FELIX, we demonstrate that the current direction changes by sweeping the photon energy through the intersubband resonance condition, in agreement with theoretical considerations.


Abstract India has the second-largest population living with HIV/AIDS in the world. Although the exact number of HIV positive people is contested, it is predicted that the current numbers are likely to grow at a rapid rate in the next decade if the epidemic goes unchecked. This paper explores the HIV/AIDS epidemic in India through the perspective of two non-governmental organisations (NGOs) whose roles have become critical in the fight against the disease. Specifically, it identifies the challenges faced by these NGOs such as lack of government responsiveness, funding-related problems, corruption, donor accountability, and cultural attitudes to HIV/AIDS, while exploring the theoretical implications of NGOs playing a greater role in providing programming and services to those living with, and affected by, the epidemic.


The liquidmeniscusheightat copper and aluminum cylinderspartially immersedin mineral oil was measuredas a function of the applied voltage. The results are interpretedon the basis of assumedvariations in the metal/liquidand liquid/vaporinterfacialtensions.


This paper investigates the littoral sea clutter amplitude distributions associated with individual segments within a periodic wave. Low grazing angle, X-Band sea clutter data, obtained from the CSIR online database was utilised for this study. The dataset contains fixed frequency pulsed radar returns of low grazing angle sea clutter with a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 2.5kHz. The processing involves correcting the data by means of rotation such that the periodic wave phase structures within the data align over time and are parallel to the longtime axis. Thereafter, the data and thus the wave structures, are segmented into multiple partitions, where each partition represents a section of the wave phase in the range dimension. These segments are then fitted against the K-distribution. It is shown that the approach can accurately describe specific sections of the wave with a reduced error between actual and estimated distributions. The improved probability density function (PDF) representation will allow for more accurate data analysis and data generation in littoral environments, which can be used for the development of new detectors, as well as the simulation of their performance.


Short Presentations.- A New Beta-Point Algorithm for Large Time-Invariant and Time-Variant Reliability Problems.- Rigid-Ideal Plastic System Reliability.- Optimal Allocation of Available Resources to Improve the Reliability of Building Systems.- Life Expectancy Assessment of Structural Systems.- Parameter Sensitivity of Failure Probabilities.- Expectation Ratio Versus Probability.- Application of Probabilistic Structural Modelling to Elastoplastic and Transient Analysis.- Reliability-Based Shape Optimization Using Stochastic Finite Element Methods.- Calibration of Seismic Reliability Models.- Computational Experience with Vector Optimization Techniques for Structural Systems..- Management of Structural System Reliability.- Reliability Analysis of Existing Structures for Earthquake Loads.- Sensitivity Analysis of Structures by Virtual Distortion Method.- Reliability of Daniels Systems with Local Load Sharing Subject to Random Time Dependent Inputs.- Reliability Analysis of Elasto-Plastic Dynamic Problems.- Identification of Autoregressive Process Model by the Extended Kalman Filter.- The Effect of a Non-Linear Wave Force Model on the Reliability of a Jack-Up Platform.- Optimum Cable Tension Adjustment Using Fuzzy Regression Analysis.- Bayesian Analysis of Model Uncertainty in Structural Reliability.- Size Effect of Random Field Elements on Finite-Element Reliability Methods.- Reliability-Based Optimization Using SFEM.- Classification and Analysis of Uncertainty in Structural Systems.- Directional Simulation for Time-Dependent Reliability Problems.- Some Studies on Automatic Generation of Structural Failure Modes.- Sensitivity Analysis for Composite Steel Girder Bridges.- Long-Term Reliability of a Jackup-Platform Foundation.- Constant Versus Time Dependent Seismic Design Coefficients.- Reliability of Structural Systems with Regard to Permanent Displacements.- Reliability of Current Steel Building Designs for Seismic Loads.- Jackup Structures: Nonlinear Forces and Dynamic Response.- Stochastic Programs for Identifying Significant Collapse Modes in Structural Systems.- Lectures.- Critical Configurations of Systems Subjected to Wide-Band Excitation.- On Reliability-Based Optimal Design of Structures.- Index of authors.


A sol-gel method based on the Pechini process was used to synthesize different phases of alumina nanoparticles using a polymeric precursor with Aluminum nitrate. The emphasis was on investigating the effect of two different complexing agents, urea and citric acid, on the structural properties, particle size, and phase transformation during the heat treatment that was studied by XRD, TEM, SEM, BET, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The obtained results showed that particles do get fused together at high temperatures, and also the size of particles increases with the increase of annealing temperature. It was concluded that the size of α-alumina synthesized by urea was 10–15 nm, whereas the sample with citric acid yielded α-powder with particle size of 200 nm. Also, the resulting powder prepared by urea exhibited larger surface area (84.2 m2/gm−1) compared to citric acid (39.92 m2/gm−1) at .


The review of the three species of the genus Aptinothrips (Thripidae: Thripinae) distributed in China is given. A. elegans Priesner is newly recorded from China. The genus Aptinothrips is also recorded for fauna of Taiwan for the first time. An illustrated key to these three species of genus Aptinothrips from China (including Taiwan) is provided.


Distribution maintenance time scheduling is a multi-objects and multi-constrains optimizing problem. To solve this complicated problem, this paper presents an improved genetic algorithm that developed "direct compare algorithm" in constructing fitness function and mutation operator of simple genetic algorithm. By introducing "infeasible area", the improved algorithm allows individuals among the infeasible area compete with their target values. So a part of infeasible individuals with good gene can be reserved and the performance of the optimizing algorithm has been improved. At the same time, the improved algorithm designs a new mutation operator which mutates by tabu searching when the population is multiplex enough and changes its mutates way to uniform automatically when the average population multiplex lower down to a fix degree. The tabu searching mutation operator can speed up constringency of the algorithm and the uniform mutation operator can bring new gene to avoid "premature" of genetic algorithm. The proposed method is applied to a practical system, and numerical results verify the correctness and validity of it.


We report a new scheme employing the acousto-optic refraction effect to control laser output. A pulsed acoustic strain produces a linear index gradient, which intersects and deflects the laser beam. The advantage of this method over Bragg diffraction is the simple electronics required to generate the power needed for high deflection efficiency. The transducer on the acousto-optic cell is initially charged to a given voltage and is then discharged suddenly with avalanche transistors. An intense pulsed strain consisting of a few cycles with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the transducer then propagates into the cell.


We report the two- and three-dimensional quantum lattice-gas automata simulation for one-particle electronic wave propagation in nanostructures. The transmission coefficient of the electronic wave through the two-dimensional quantum point contact is investigated taking account of the surface roughness of the confinement wall. It is demonstrated that the electron transmission is significantly affected by the surface roughness pattern even if the same roughness parameter is assumed. We also perform the three-dimensional simulation, and the wave propagation in the structure like an ultrathin-body MOSFET is visualized.


Today's Chinese and Japanese scholars have maintained close dialogues and exchanges in their research on ancient Chinese history. The socioeconomic history of the Jiangnan region during the Ming and Qing dynasties involves two important research areas: regional history and socioeconomic history. Whereas the former embraces a holistic macro-view, the latter lays stress on the economic and social behavior of humankind. Over past years, endeavors to combine the two areas have produced a number of influential general conclusions on the social development of Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing. Professor Mori Masao, a Japanese scholar, has provided an in-depth interpretation of the theory of regional society, while Professor Zheng Zhenman, a Chinese scholar, has responded in terms of xiangzu theory. Long-term dialogues and exchanges in the international academic world that inspire theoretical innovation in studies of earlier societies can serve as a valuable source for the intellectual community.


Abstract. This paper studies the topological approach to social choice theory initiated by G. Chichilnisky (1980), extending it to the case of a continuum of agents. The social choice rules are continuous anonymous maps defined on preference spaces which respect unanimity. We establish that a social choice rule exists for a continuum of agents if and only if the space of preferences is contractible. We provide also a topological characterization of such rules as generalized means or mathematical expectations of individual preferences.


Objective:To summarize our initial experience on three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping with Carto-Merge,so as to provide evidence for guiding catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation(AF).Methods:Fifteen patients with paroxysmal/persistent AF(13 paroxysmal and 2 persistent),who were to receive catheter ablation,were analyzed by CARTO-MERGE,which combines computed tomography(CT)angiography,picture merging,guiding ablation,etc.Results:There were 103±13 mapping points before ablation,with 66±15 in the left ablation circle and 58±20 in the right.The distance between points and surface was(1.8±0.2)mm in the merged images.Operation time was(305±45)min and the X-ray exposure time was(52±18)min.Isolation of pulmonary veins potential was achieved in all patients and there was no complication during the operation.Conclusion:Three-dimensional CT images is very close to the the real anatomy of left atrium and pulmonary veins.Carto-merge technique can overcome some shortcomings of Carto electroanatomic mapping pictures,which can improve the successful rate of operation and reduce complications.


Objective To investigate the impact of different hemoperfusion conditions on oxygen metabolism and the neurological function of swine with restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest (CA) following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with blood pressure boosted with dopamine.Methods Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted through the right femoral vein, and linked with a continuous cardiac output monitor before ventricular fibrillation (VF).An electrode cable was placed in the right ventricle through left internal jugular vein.Then different catheters were positioned in the aorta and carotid artery successively to consecutively record the indexes of hemodynamics.VF was induced in 12 pigs by programmed electrical stimulation equipment.All animals underwent 4 minutes of untreated VF before CPR by two professional doctors of emergency department.Then all the 12 successfully resuscitated pigs were randomly divided into hypertransfusion group and normal perfusion group with random digits table.Every pig in both groups was given an infusion of normal saline of 15 ml· kg-1 · h-1 within 4 hours.But in the hypertransfusion group, dopamine was administered to pigs to raise the mean arterial pressure (MAP) to about 130% of the baseline.All the pigs were monitored for 4 hours.The hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism parameters were recorded at ROSC 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours.At last, animals were evaluated at 24 hours after resuscitation and a swine cerebral performance category (CPC) score was given.ResultsCompared with normal perfusion group, the hypertransfusion group showed higher oxygen delivery (DO2)and oxygen consumption (VO2) at ROSC 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours[DO2(ml/min): 556±43 vs.375±25,660±56 vs.381±53, 674±53 vs.362±44, 685±44 vs.400±38; VO2(ml/min): 288±35 vs.191±13,260±37 vs.204±38, 223±27 vs.169±21, 212±19 vs.163±15, P<0.05 or P<0.01]; the oxygen extraction ratio (ERO2) was decreased at ROSC 1, 2, 4 hours[(39±4)% vs.(53±3)%, (33±2)% vs.(47±1)%, (31±3)% vs.(41±3)%, all P<0.05]; carotid artery blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2)was increased, but saturation of blood oxygen (SaO2) was not increased; mixed venous blood oxygen partial pressure (P-Vo2, mm Hg, 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) was increased at ROSC 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours (38±4 vs.33±1, 42±2 vs.36±2, 40±2 vs.36±2, 43±2 vs.38±1, P<0.05 or P<0.01); mixed venous blood oxygen saturation (S-Vo2) and the difference between arterial and venous blood lactate (PCLac) were both increased at ROSC 1, 2, 4 hours[S-Vo2 : 0.60±0.04 vs.0.45±0.03, 0.66±0.02 vs.0.52±0.01, 0.68±0.03vs.0.58±0.03; PCLac (mmol/L): 1.2±0.2 vs.0.7t0.4, 1.0±0.3 vs.0.6±0.2, 1.1±0.2 vs.0.5±0.2, P<0.05 or P<0.01]; arterial blood oxygen content (CAO2) was increased, the difference of oxygen content between arterial and venous blood (CAvO2) and cerebral oxygen extraction ratio (C-ERO2)were decreased, the difference between arterial and venous blood lactate (VALac) was increased.CPC score class 1 was found in 6 pigs in the hypertransfusion group at ROSC 24 hours, CPC score class 2 was found in 3 pigs and 1 pig had CPC score class 1 among 4 pigs in normal perfusion group (P<0.05).Conclusion In this swine model of CPR for VF, dopamine administration could elevate the perfusion pressure of the aorta in the successfully resuscitated animals.Systemic perfusion, cerebral perfusion and oxygen metabolism were improved too.So dopamine was beneficial in early cerebral resuscitation.

Key words:
Cardiac arrest; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Dopamine; Oxygen metabolism; Pig


Unraveling the highly complex connectivity at the synaptic level is critical for the understanding of brain function. However, investigating the structure of the brain is time consuming and technically demanding. We have developed and applied a tracing method that allows us to obtain a simplified or skeletonized version of all nerve fibers present within a given brain sample, without the need for full 3D reconstructions. Every tracing or "skeleton" is linked to its corresponding synaptic contacts, so the result is an intricate meshwork of axons and dendrites interconnected by a cloud of synaptic junctions. The tissue sample is obtained by volume electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and tracing is performed by dedicated software. In addition, the software provides the length of each skeleton as well as the number and positions of its corresponding synapses. With this approach, we have identified clear as well as subtle quantitative differences between three brain regions (the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus and layers 1 and 3 of the somatosensory cortex). For example, we have found that axons and dendrites are densely packed in the neuropil of these three regions, reaching close to 8 kilometers of nerve fibers per cubic mm in layer 1. In all cases, the predominant fibers were excitatory axons, followed by spiny dendrites, inhibitory axons and smooth dendrites. Other examples include the fact that the excitatory axons in the stratum radiatum establish many more synapses per micron than the axons of the other regions, or the lack of correlation between the number of synapses established on the spines of a given dendrite and the number of synapses established on the dendritic shaft. Using this methodology, we obtain a set of quantitative parameters including the number and proportions of excitatory and inhibitory synapses; the numbers of dendrites and axons; the proportion of excitatory and inhibitory axons; the linear densities of synapses established on dendritic spines and dendritic shafts; the linear densities of synapses established by excitatory and inhibitory axons; and the lengths of the different types of dendrites and axons. Taken together, these data characterize each region, allowing us to compare them on a quantitative basis and to identify subtle traits and differences that would have escaped a qualitative analysis. With this strategy, we can achieve a better understanding of the structure and dynamics of the brain, and we are better equipped to explore how they change during both normal and pathological conditions.


Summary form only given. We present a study investigating the distribution of current density in solid, metallic liners directly relevant to the MagLIF approach to fusion. Here, the liner thickness is large compared to the collisionless skin depth, and a vacuum gap is introduced in the power feed to simulate the load method on the Z machine at Sandia Laboratories. We present optical emission data along with a 3D magnetic field mapping method from aluminum liner loads on the 1 MA, 100ns COBRA generator. The relative strength of the magnetic field at 4 azimuthal locations and 3 axial heights allow inference of the distribution of current density in the liner as a function of space and time. Results show that current density is azimuthally non-uniform throughout the current drive and evolves slowly on the timescale of the experiment. The azimuthal current density profile typically correlates with axial optical images evolution of `hot-spots' generated from breakdown vacuum gap which show similar evolution as the experiment proceeds. Such non-uniformities will have a substantial effect on liner implosions for fusion is they persist at higher current. Additionally, the location of plasma initiation can be pre-determined by preferentially closing the vacuum gap at one azimuthal position, which provides a useful initial set-up for comparison to magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the Gorgon code. This allows examination of the mechanisms controlling the azimuthal current distribution and allows estimation of the extent to which this may affect Z and higher current liner experiments.


Addressing tides for relatives are those for family members and relatives. Complex relations between people account for complex addressing tides. Evidence is found in more than 100addressing tides in the play. The complexity of personal relationship is embodied in the diversity of addressing tides in written. Researches on addressing tides are split into different categories due to research purposes. The writing attempts fully to explore all the addressing tides for relatives in the Nan play,《张协状元》 that is available today.


In the paper, we present a real-time lip-reading LSI for recognizing spoken words from lip movement. The LSI recognizes up to 8 words based on the hidden Markov model (HMM). The LSI accepts the 256/spl times/256 8-bit gray-scale images from a camera, and outputs the 3-bit symbol code of words for 43 images (corresponding to 1.53 s). We present a lip-reading algorithm optimized for hardware implementation. We have designed the lip-reading LSI and fabricated a 4.9 mm/spl times/4.9 mm chip using 0.35 /spl mu/m process via VDEC Rohm. The LSI performs real-time recognition at 40 MHz operation.


Severe brain injury affects tens of thousands of Canadians each year, leaving a small but significant proportion who survive the acute phase in a vegetative state (VS) or minimally conscious state (MCS). Patients in both VS and MCS have diurnal patterns of sleep-wake cycles, but have no behavioral response (VS) or only an inconsistent response (MCS) to stimuli. New technological capabilities offer a window into these disorders—not only changing our understanding of the levels of consciousness, but also enabling the potential for better diagnosis. For example, studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging, now extending over a decade and involving many participants, have revealed that a small minority of patients with severe disorders of consciousness (DoC) can modulate their neural states and thereby demonstrate a limited degree of awareness and even reasoning comparable to unaffected persons. The governments of Canada, its provinces, and territories have recognized and enshrined in legislation and the Constitution moral obligations to persons with disabilities based on the fundamental human rights of autonomy and equality, among others. The right to equality and nondiscrimination is reflected in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (section 15), the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), and provincial human rights legislation requiring reasonable accommodation for persons with disabilities. Canada's 2010 ratification of the UNCRPD marks a fundamental change in the way Canadian society views persons with disabilities in that they are "no longer considered to be recipients of charity or objects of others' decisions, but holders of rights." This rightscentric view would apply equally to MCS and VS patients as to any other group with disabilities. Given Canada's moral and legal commitment to persons with disabilities, the evidence of awareness in some patients with disorders of consciousness, and the results of prior phases of research that suggest broad conceptual support from physicians, researchers, and legal experts, we believe that Canada, as a society, is obliged to explore whether and how neuroimaging technology could be made available to patients with DoC. To this end, we prioritize the following steps for action, that both newly complement and build upon recommendations advanced by other scholars.


This thesis focus on the analysis of phenomena and problems arising during the teaching process of the Photoshop practical lessons,and discusses how to give lessons under the circumstances of the computer operating room.


In all human Physical activity, the pinnacle is the preparation and achievement of outstanding performance in various sporting activities. Olympic events, by their very nature as competing sports, are a prime example of the ultimate triumph of individual athletic achievement after years of rigorous physical training. We believe the 'language of the body' as briefly outlined below which espouses the synthesis of the body and mind through yoga can lead to greater achievements than deemed possible at present.


Blockchain technology is one of the most exciting emerging technologies and has the capability to digitally revolutionize many systems for better security, autonomy, transparency, auditability, speed, reduced cost and efficiency. Blockchain can be regarded as a revolutionized distributed ledger technology which uses temper proof database in conjunction with consensus algorithms and cryptography. On the other hand, corruption has been a major problem in developing countries like Nigeria that bedevils their progress and development. In this paper, we investigate corrupt practices in developing countries with Nigeria as a case study. We study some blockchain use cases in some countries like Estonia and Georgia. We propose a blockchain framework to curb corrupt practices related to public funds embezzlement as the biggest corruption act. All transactions made by government agencies are stored in the blockchain shared by anti-corruption agencies, police, judiciaries and other related offices at the same time. We also propose the blockchain architecture and consensus suitable for the framework. Blockchain technology is immune to the influence of central authorities and intermediaries. It is secure against tempering and provides transparency and auditability. Hence using blockchain technology will help to tackle corrupt practices for betterment of developing countries such as Nigeria.


Subtitle: Mid-December 2009 brought an end to the European 'banana wars', but what will be the implications on global trade in the fruit season. Richard Bright reports.


In this paper, the institutional change of farmer cooperative economic organization wasregarded as a kind of public governance process by multi-subject participates. So we established theframework of the policy network analysis based on the "power-interests", and combed the the institutionalchange process of the development of farmer cooperatived economic organization in China, and analyzed theevolution of public governance structure, after that, we pointed out that it was necessary to build a perfectnetwork governance structure to effectively promote the sustainable and healthy development of farmers' cooperative economic organizations.


Objective To investigate the ultrastructure and physiological function of surfactant-like lamellar body in mucosal epithelium of pharyngeal orifice of Eustachian tube.Methods The mucosa was taken from pharyngeal orifice of Eustachian tube in 4 healthy persons who agreed to accept the histological examination.Surfactant-like lamellar bodies were observed under transmissive electron microscope.Results The mucosal epithelium of pharyngeal orifice of Eustachian tube in normal persons was pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with predominant light granulated cells.Surfactant-like lamellar bodies were found to be scattered in various types of cells of the Eustachian tube mucosa,whose shape was circular,oval,lamellar,or coil-like with compact electron density.Conclusion The mucosal epithelium of pharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tube is confirmed as pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with predominant light granulated cells.Surfactant-like lamellar bodies existing in various types of cells can secrete surfactant and participate in the function of the Eustachian tube.


With the advent of the era of big data, data analysis and processing has become a hot topic of research, and data mining has become a top priority. Based on the discussion of clustering algorithm, this paper proposes a hybrid clustering algorithm. The algorithm solves the dilemma of relying too much on the initial center and falling into local optimum. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the hybrid clustering algorithm.


Let define the kth c-numerical range of A to be the set is the kth elementary symmetric function over . In this note, we investigate some geometric properties of W c k(A).


FIELD: mechanics. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to saw blades. Proposed saw blade incorporates multiple cutting teeth setting cutting direction and repeating teeth structure including 3 to 7 teeth. Every aforesaid tooth comprises upper edge, passing sideways, that features width and height measured from blade power edge and side surfaces passing sideways and downwards in opposite directions from upper edge at 1 st acute angle to it. Teeth height and acute angle magnitude of side surfaces of teeth located behind 1 st tooth gradually decreases towards cutting direction, while width of upper edges of aforesaid teeth exceeds that of upper edge of appropriate 1 st tooth. EFFECT: higher quality, longer life. 45 cl, 8 dwg


One of problems of modern botany is studying variety of vital forms of the plants meeting in various ecological conditions, plants reflecting morphological fitness to dominating conditions of growth of the given region. Vital forms are characterized not only габитуальными by signs which are convenient for their distinction, but also a number of biological properties among which especially important are: life expectancy, a rhythm of progress, a way of a feed, ways of vegetative duplication. The ecological analysis of types this. Rosaceae Juss. Has shown, that the majority of the types meeting in flora of the Belgorod area, conform to forest-steppe and steppe character of the given region. Trees of 9 types (16,07 %), grassy perennial plants with a rod root of 8 types (14,28 %), grassy perennial plants with a rod root – 2 types (3,57 %), also introduce the insignificant contribution Grassy perennial plants with a rhizome in the form of a tuber, grassy perennial plants with a creeping rhizome, amphibious grassy perennial plants with a creeping root. A key position in this. Rosaceae Juss. Borrow not moistureloving and moistureloving on 26 types (on 46,42 %), including actually moistureloving 26,78 % (15 types) and an average degree moistureloving 19,64 % (11 types), actually moistureloving 30,35 % (17 types) and moistureloving in an average degree of 16,2 % (9 types). The revealed plenty drought-resistant and moistureloving in structure of studied family speaks a lot of types a part radical wood and bushes of communities of plants growing on marges. Especially demanding plants to a moisture this. Rosaceae growing in crude seats (5,37 % 3 types: Potentilla anserina L., Geum rivale L., Filipendula ulmaria Maxim.) and growing on a bog (1,79 % Comarum palustre L.) play an insignificant role in ecological structure in flora of the Belgorod area.


This research is a quantitative descriptive study that explains the improvement of students' spatial thinking skills after the implementation of the blended learning-rigorous mathematical thinking model, hereinafter referred to as the BL-RMT model. Spatial thinking ability (KBSp) which is measured in this study is related to the mathematics subject in the aspect of geometry. The design of this study used a "Control Group Pretest-Postest Design" with the research sample being class VIII students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 2 Sidoarjo. Data collection uses a test technique with an instrument in the form of questions. Data analysis using normalized Gain test (N-Gain Test) andThe t-test was performed using SPSS Independent samples test. The results showed that in the experimental class the mean value of the KBSp pre test is 68.5593 dan the average test post is 83.5593. Tthere is an increase in the average value of 15 digits and if calculated based on the N-Gain formula, a score of 0.477 is obtained in the medium Gain category. While in the control class, the mean of pre-test KBSp was 67.2581 and the mean of post-test was 75.5161. There isan increase in the average value of 8.258 and if calculated based on the N-gain formula, a score of 0.252 is obtained in the low category. Furthermore, based on the results of the t-test on the KBSp pre-test value, the result was 0.375 with a Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.708 > 0.05 ortcount < t table for  = 0.05, meaning that there is no difference between the pre-test scores of the experimental class and the control class or the two groups are homogeneous.


Accurate remote sensing of mountainous forest cover change is important for myriad social and ecological reasons, but is challenged by topographic and illumination conditions that can affect detection of forests. Several topographic illumination correction (TIC) approaches have been developed to mitigate these effects, but existing research has focused mostly on whether TIC improves forest cover classification accuracy and has usually found only marginal gains. However, the beneficial effects of TIC may go well beyond accuracy since TIC promises to improve detection of low illuminated forest cover and thereby normalize measurements of the amount, geographic distribution, and rate of forest cover change regardless of illumination. To assess the effects of TIC on the extent and geographic distribution of forest cover change, in addition to classification accuracy, we mapped forest cover across mountainous Nepal using a 25-year (1992–2016) gap-filled Landsat time series in two ways—with and without TIC (i.e., nonTIC)—and classified annual forest cover using a Random Forest classifier. We found that TIC modestly increased classifier accuracy and produced more conservative estimates of net forest cover change across Nepal (−5.2% from 1992–2016). TIC also resulted in a more even distribution of forest cover gain across Nepal with 3–5% more net gain and 4–6% more regenerated forest in the least illuminated regions. These results show that TIC helped to normalize forest cover change across varying illumination conditions with particular benefits for detecting mountainous forest cover gain. We encourage the use of TIC for satellite remote sensing detection of long-term mountainous forest cover change.


The randomised, controlled trial (RTC) is considered the gold standard for the assessment of the effect of any therapeutic intervention. However, rare diseases carry several issues in terms of population size, life-threatening nature of the condition and lack of other available treatments, which basically render this approach not always feasible. Alternative methodological approaches are being developed to better suit the need of an orphan drug development.


From a total of 2431 samples of milk and milk products analyzed at Chennai, twenty isolates of bacteria were identified as Yersinia species by the conventional biochemical method which includes nine Yersinia enterocolitica (0.37%), six Y. fr ederiksenii (0.25%) and five Y. kristensenii (0.21%). The sensitivity pattern of six antimicrobial agents viz. ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, penicillin and tetracycline were tested against nine isolates of Y. enterocolitica. The invitro antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that ciprofloxacin (5 mcg) and tetracycline (30 mcg) were the most effective antibiotics against Y. enterocolitica, whereas, penicillin (10 units) was the most ineffective one. Hence, analyzing the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Y. enterocolitica isolates from dairy products is essential.


A recently publicized media report about the death of a young Irish man who had been travelling in Argentina raises an important but possibly overlooked travel-related health risk. It was suspected that the young traveller's death was a result of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning from a lit stove in his room. This tragic case illustrates the dangers of CO poisoning in the context of travel accommodation, but this potentially fatal form of poisoning can occur in a variety of circumstances: within the hotel room, when travelling within an aircraft, engaging in adventure sports and while operating portable fossil-fuelled appliances during winter. CO is a colourless, odourless, tasteless gas whose affinity for the haemoglobin molecule is 200–250 times that of oxygen. Toxic levels of CO can be present in any type of accommodation, from low-end motels to luxury hotel suites. It occurs usually as a result of inadequate ventilation and faulty or poorly maintained machinery and equipment. Occluded vents and closed overhead doors can contribute to poor levels of ventilation. Having guest rooms located next to or above machinery or their exhaust systems can potentially increase the risk of CO leaking into rooms. Even if air is sufficiently vented but channelled out into a poorly ventilated area where air-conditioner systems are present, CO can potentially re-enter the building's circulation. Most CO poisoning incidents arise from faulty lodging-operated furnaces or boilers. It is important to be aware that, once CO enters the building's ventilation system, it can potentially be distributed to all rooms within the building. The unwary traveller may not recognize these risks, which are likely not to have been discussed during the pre-travel consultation. Media reports underscore the extent of this threat, including the death of two Chinese tourists in Kathmandu caused by a malfunctioning hotel room heater; fatal CO poisoning in an American professional football player owing to a faulty water heater and inadequate ventilation in a hotel room in Prague; the death of an elderly American tourist in a Rome guest house due to a malfunctioning radiator; and the death of a Canadian tourist from CO which had leaked from a natural gas-fuelled water boiler in an illegal hostel in Taipei. The onset of winter is associated with a higher incidence of CO poisoning. This is explained by several factors, not least of which is the increased use of heating equipment and the possible occlusion of exhaust vents by snow. During the winter months, the occurrence of power outages tends to peak and, as a result, many buildings and homes depend on gasoline-powered generators for electricity. There is also a corresponding increase in the risk of CO poisoning, due to a lack of safety knowledge, poorly maintained equipment and inadequate ventilation. A common cause of CO poisoning during winter arises from vehicles with occluded exhausts. There have been numerous cases of individuals leaving the ignition on to heat a vehicle while clearing the snow around the vehicle or staying within a stationary vehicle to heat themselves. This causes the accumulation of CO within the car due to the obstructed exhaust and gas leaks. Road travel in a winter environment is often unpredictable with unanticipated delays, and travellers unfamiliar with snow who hire motor vehicles during winter travel may find themselves in precarious circumstances where CO poisoning is a risk. Many extreme athletes travel around the world to participate in adventure sports such as caving, mountaineering and diving. These adventurous travellers should pay particular attention to the risk of CO poisoning. One of the many items of equipment carried by cavers is an acetylene lamp. This lamp uses calcium carbide to produce acetylene which then burns to emit light. Acetylene does not always burn completely, increasing the risk of CO being produced. A common practice among mountaineers is the use of gas stoves inside tents or snow caves, for the purposes of heating, cooking or melting snow. This can potentially generate an environment of toxic gases, due to poor


Abstract A poly(phenoxy-imine)/p-silicon rectifying device was fabricated and the current-voltage characteristics of the device were examined as a function of temperature in the 40–300 K range. The temperature dependence of the main parameters, namely, the barrier height (Φb), ideality factor (η), reverse current (I0) and series resistance (Rs), were investigated. It was seen that the Φb and the I0 values of the device increased with increasing temperature, while the η and the Rs values decreased. The temperature dependences of the Φb and the η were interpreted by the assumption of a Gaussian distribution of the barrier heights arising from barrier inhomogeneities that prevailed at the interface of the poly(phenoxyimine)/p-silicon. From ln(I0/T2) vs. 1/ηT plot, the values of the activation energy (Ea) and Richardson constant (A*) were calculated as 0.324 eV and 2.84×10-7 A cm-2K-2, respectively. The experimental value of the Rs from the forward current-voltage plots decreased with an increase in the temperature.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for recovering a noble metal, which is a catalyst, from a catalyst layer of a used fuel cell with high efficiency at high purity and by a simple operation. SOLUTION: The catalyst layer is taken out of a membrane-electrode assembly of the fuel cell and after the catalyst layer is pulverized, the powder is put into an electrodeposition liquid composed of a polar solvent (for example, acetonitrile) and a basic compound (for example, triethylamine) and is subjected to electrophoresis. Carbon powder is ionized and is deposited on the electrode 2. The noble metal is recovered by a means, such as filtration, from the electrodeposition liquid separated from the carbon powder. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI


This study aims to see whether the public welfare can be shaped by the culture and religiosity of the Public. Therefore, this research was conducted on the people of Kerinci Regency who consistently maintain their ancestral culture, namely the rice harvest feast culture, besides that the majority of the people of Kerinci Regency also adhere to Islam. So for the purposes of this study, a sample of 435 respondents was taken using purposive sampling technique. To analyze the data, multiple linear regression analysis was carried out with the help of the IBM SPSS 25 application. The results of this study found that both partially and simultaneously the culture of rice harvest and religiosity had an effect on the public welfare of Kerinci Regency, with a magnitude of 39.3%.


Objective To obtain optimum extraction technology of Chrysanthemum morifolium.Ramat.and Gastrodia elata Bl.in Toufengning dripping pill.Methods The orthogonal test was designed with the contents of chlorogenic acid,gastrodin and flavonoids.Results The optimal extraction technology was as follows:3 times with 10 times volume of water,and 1.5h each time.Conclusion The extraction process is stable and feasible.


This project involves modification of the photoresponse of zinc oxide by sensitization with riboflavin (RF) as a photosensitizer. Sensitization of the surface of zinc oxide with RF was performed using impregnation method. Modification of zinc oxide surface with this photosensitizer was investigated using different techniques such as XRD, FTIR, SEM and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of both neat and sensitized zinc oxide was investigated by removal of methylene blue dye (MB) from the simulated industrial wastewater. Removal of this dye from the aqueous solutions was conducted by measuring the absorbance of this dye at 665 nm.


Giving students a fair start to become productive and responsible contributors in the 21st century workforce and society depends on our ability to help them develop: (1) A global view of the world; (2) Problem-solving and/or reasoning abilities; (3) Basic scientific and technical literacy; and (4) A multi-disciplinary understanding of how humans and nature interact with the earth system. The Institute on Climate and Planets (ICP) in New York City is NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies' (GISS) response to the national challenge to give students a fair start to become productive in America's workforce and society, GISS is part of the Earth Science Director at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland and a component of Columbia University's Earth Institute, a university-wide initiative whose mission is to understand our planet so as to enhance its sustainability. In 1994 Jim Hansen, several of his GISS and Columbia University colleagues and Fitzgerald Bramwell, the former Director of the New York City Alliance for Minority Participation at City University of New York, launched the ICP. ICP contributes to NASA education and minority outreach goals by directly involving underrepresented college, high school and junior high school students and their educators in research. ICP takes advantage of the interest of many civil servants and Columbia University research scientists at GISS to involve students and educators on multi-level research teams working on problems at the core of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise - advancing our understanding of Earth s climate, climate variability, and climate impacts.


A complete test system comprising assembled hardware and custom-built software was developed for investigating whether RFID radiation produces significant effects in biologics. Furthermore, we document a method for determining specific absorption rate (S.A.R.) using vials containing 1.5 cc of saline to represent biological samples. This methodology yielded S.A.R. values of approximately 30 W kg−1–150 W kg−1 for 915 MHz and 320 W kg−1–450 W kg−1 for 2.45 GHz. Finally, the key system components – the transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell, vial, and saline solution – were modelled using a FDTD software. Through modelling, we obtained values for the absorption as a percentage of the incident power – 0.2% for 915 MHz and 7.32% for 2.45 GHz. These values approximately matched those calculated – 0.36% for 915 MHz and 5.0% for 2.45 GHz.


The musical nationalism in post-revolutionary Mexico was a complex phenomenon that resists a simplistic or historicist view. Its analysis requires a multidisciplinary perspective, sometimes historical, political, sociological, ideological, and musical. This article examines the notion of musical nationalism between 1916 and 1949 from the perspective of the ideological transformations of its most significant institutional protagonist, the composer Carlos Chávez (1899–1978), and his interaction with the postrevolutionary Mexican regime. The political, sociological, and aesthetic ideas of Chávez are documented in his extensive journalistic and theoretical writings, as well as his correspondence. Through the contextualization of these writings it is possible to retrace the strategies Chávez used to legitimate his positions within the Mexican musical environment and explain the process through which he became the official composer of the post-revolutionary regime. The notions of race, nationalism, cultural evolution, aesthetic education, and Mexican music, among others, are determinant factors for the comprehension of Chávez's conception of nationalism and the aesthetic development of his work. Additionally, outside the country's border, the role of American music societies [medio musical], particularly the activities of the International Composers' Guild, was decisive for the legitimization of Carlos Chávez's musical persona within Mexico. An analysis that takes into consideration all of these factors is not only pertinent but also necessary for the aesthetic and political study of the process of cultural construction in post-revolutionary Mexico, as well as the role that institutions exerted in controlling national artistic production. This study reevaluates the mechanisms of symbolic legitimation of the authoritarian regime in post-revolutionary Mexico, as well as the relationship between authoritarianism, nationalism, cultural construction, and musical creation.


The present invention provides a non ground circuit ground fault detection means. Ground fault detection device (10) comprising: a ground fault detection unit (64), which is an inverting amplifier (25) and a negative side output section (ML) is connected via an inverting amplifier connected to the positive side output section (PL) of (35) when the positive side output section (PL) and a negative side output section (ML) is superimposed detection signal (S_sig), based on the ground fault signal detecting circuit (53) of the ground fault detection signal (St_s) detected ungrounded ground fault circuit (70); and a power supply voltage detecting unit (66), based on the first power supply voltage detection signal of the first power supply voltage detecting circuit (52) (Vdl_s) to detect lithium ion battery (71) of the output voltage.


This paper establishes the vibration model of a mode order optimized vibrating ring gyroscope (VRG) based on the ray tracing method (RTM) to reveal mode properties of proposed VRG. After representing the working principle and the structure design of the VRG, the procedure of RTM is introduced. Due to the cyclic symmetry of proposed VRG, transmission and reflection coefficients at discontinuities of one sector are analyzed through the condition of the displacement continuity and the force equilibrium to obtain the vibration model of the entire structure. The vibration model can obtain mode frequencies and mode shapes to guide the structure design, and its validity is proved by COMSOL finite element simulation. Both the vibration model and the finite element simulation confirm that the n=2 mode can be lower than the n=1 mode of proposed VRG with suitable structural parameters.


The platinum-group metals, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, and platinum, form binary compounds, coordination complexes, and organometallic compounds. Compounds of each of these metals, which exhibit a range of oxidation states, are summarized. Some of the more useful starting materials are noted, as are the most important uses for the compounds of each individual element. There are catalytic applications for the compounds of all six metals; chemotherapeutic applications for platinum compounds; oxidations by ruthenium and osmium compounds; plating and coating uses for platinum and palladium compounds; metal anode applications for iridium and rhodium compounds; and biological applications of ruthenium compounds. The economic aspects of the platinum-group metal compounds are summarized, as are the most significant health and safety concerns of working with these compounds.

Keywords:

Refining;
Ruthenium compounds;
Osmium compounds;
Organometallic compounds;
Rhodium compounds;
Catalysts;
Iridium compounds;
Binary compounds;
Coordination compounds;
Palladium compounds;
Platinum compounds;
Chemotherapy


2. ABSTRACT The EXPRESS Web Server is a World Wide Web interface for standards developers creating specifications for STEP, the STandard for the Exchange of Product model data (officially ISO 10303). The Server enables users to run applications needed to build and populate EXPRESS specifications using a Web browser and without having to install and configure the applications locally. The Server also provides standards development teams with an infrastructure for collaboration. This paper describes the Server's user interface, specifies how the Server's architecture addresses several design challenges, and discusses the impact newly-emerging web technologies might have on future enhancements.


This paper analyzes the impact of FDI on domestic firm entry and firm size distributions in the Czech Republic during 1994–2000. We find that larger foreign presence stimulates the entry of domestic firms within the same industry, indicating the existence of positive horizontal spillovers from FDI. We also find evidence of significant vertical entry spillovers—FDI in downstream (upstream) industries initiates entry in upstream (downstream) sectors. Our results also show that entry spillovers through vertical linkages are stronger than horizontal spillovers and that while service industries benefit from both horizontal and vertical spillovers, manufacturing industries do not experience significant positive entry spillovers of any kind. We also find that country of origin of FDI matters—horizontal spillovers are driven by FDI from the EU countries. The right skewness of the firm size distributions in industries without FDI further emphasizes an important role of FDI presence for overall industry dynamics.


Progress in silicon nitride ceramics in Japan is reviewed. It is historically divided into three stages. Through these stages, basic experimental research and innovations have progressed along with industrial applications, and the government project on fine ceramics in 1981-1992 has contributed much to the acceleration in the development of silicon nitride ceramics. Focus in this paper is mainly on materials development including raw powder synthesis and exploration for applications. The future prospect of utilizing silicon nitride as an engineering material, however, is seen to depend on cost reduction and reliability improvement.


Objectives: To evaluate the current status of fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS] and myofascial pain syndrome [MPS], including methodological and statistical problems, and suggest future directions for research. Results: A number of well designed controlled studies in FMS have been most helpful for a better understanding of this disorder in recent years, while a lack of validated criteria has hampered meaningful research in MPS. Methodological and statistical errors published articles are common in both MPS and FMS. Conclusions: Based on current status of knowledge and problems, several suggestions are made for future research. MPS urgently needs a set of reliable and valid criteria. Aberrant central pain mechanisms may be the most important pathophysiological basis of both conditions and should be fully investigated in future studies.


Objective:To observe the possible influence of YUEHUA capsule(YHC) on T Lymphocyte subgroup and TH1/TH2 cytokines in rats with Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and its mechanism for this effect.Methods:The experimental rats,as the studying model,were Divided into the modeling group,YHC group,the drug of antituberculosis (OEZD) group and YHC OEZD group in random process. And there was normal group. Then CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,IFN-γ,IL-2,IL-10,and TNF-α were observed in the all group.Result:Compared with the modeling group,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,IFN-γ and IL-2 were significantly controlled to go down(P0.01),and IL-10,INF-α were significantly controlled to go up (P0.05) in YHC group,OEZD group and YHC OEZD group. Compared with OEZD group,in YHC OEZD group the findings were significantly different(P0.05).Conclusion:YHC holds therapeutic effects on rats with MDR-TB. These effects may be associated with the controlled Level of CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ and TH1/TH2 cytokines,including IFN-γ,IL-2 and IL-10,and TNF-α.


The development of systems for measuring model pitch and roll attitude in the National Transonic Facility (NTF) is discussed. The effort is divided between two approaches: (1) an inertial measurement that is an extrapolation of existing technology into a cryogenic environment, and (2) an optical technique based on a holographic angle sensor.


SUMMARY Simazine and prometryne applied to the soil surface in pots at 1·6 and 3·2 kg/ha. 2 days after sowing, did not affect germination or early seedling growth of chickpea. Reductions were noticed under all treatments in the leaf dry weight after 28 days and in the length of the main stem after 42 days. Dry-matter accumulation in the shoot was drastically reduced with simazine but not with prometryne. All treatments retarded dry-matter accumulation in the roots with time. Prometryne reduced chlorophyll content during early growth stages and simazine during later stages. Growth of the rhizobial culture was reduced with increasing concentrations (1–20 mg/1) of both simazine and prometryne. Root nodule initiation was not affected by either of the herbicides but the later production of new nodules and growth of the nodules were reduced in different degrees by various treatments. Overall nodulation was drastically reduced with simazine. Reductions in nodulation with simazine and prometryne appeared to be primarily a case of general root growth reduction. The pink pigment, leghaemoglobin, did not develop at all in the nodules of simazinetreated plants and its concentration was not affected in the nodules of prometrynetreated plants. The N2-fixing efficiency (acetylene reduction) of the nodules was more in the case of prometryne-treated plants and was nil in the case of simazine-treated ones.


The invention provides a heated and pressurized water vapor direct-injection oil displacement device which comprises a vapor input pipeline (1), a natural gas input pipeline (2), an air or rich oxygen input pipeline (3), an electrical system (4), a packer (5), a natural gas injection pipe (6), an electric igniter (7), a combustion chamber perforation (8), a combustion chamber (9), an air or rich oxygen injection pipe (10), a vapor injection pipe (11), a casing perforation (12), a casing (13) and a vapor heating and pressurizing cavity (14), wherein the combustion chamber is sealed and formed by a stainless steel material under the condition that the shallow burying thickness of an oil layer is below 10 m; and under the condition that the burying thickness of the oil layer is higher, high-grade cement is injected to the bottom of an oil well at the high pressure, and set cement is drilled and perforated by the aid of a re-drilling technology, so that the combustion chamber is formed under the sealing condition. According to heated and pressurized water vapor direct-injection oil displacement device, the problems about high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance and corrosion resistance are solved, the investment can be decreased greatly, and heat energy conversion is improved.


Context. Emission lines from protoplanetary disks originate mainly in the irradiated surface layers, where the gas is generally warmer than the dust. Therefore, interpreting emission lines requires detailed thermo-chemical models, which are essential to converting line observations into understanding disk physics. Aims. We aim at hydrostatic disk models that are valid from 0.1 AU to 1000 AU to interpret gas emission lines from UV to sub-mm. In particular, our interest lies in interpreting far IR gas emission lines, such as will be observed by the Herschel observatory, related to the Gasps open time key program. This paper introduces a new disk code called ProDiMo. Methods. We combine frequency-dependent 2D dust continuum radiative transfer, kinetic gas-phase and UV photo-chemistry, ice formation, and detailed non-LTE heating & cooling with the consistent calculation of the hydrostatic disk structure. We include Fe ii and CO ro-vibrational line heating/cooling relevant to the high-density gas close to the star, and apply a modified escapeprobability treatment. The models are characterised by a high degree of consistency between the various physical, chemical, and radiative processes, where the mutual feedbacks are solved iteratively. Results. In application to a T Tauri disk extending from 0.5 AU to 500 AU, the models show that the dense, shielded and cold midplane


To complete complex, knowledge-intensive tasks, IT work critically relies on effective teamwork enabled by well-functioning team processes and constructs. Considering general trends in team research, I propose to consider IT project teams as dynamic instead of static entities. Embracing this proposition, this dissertation sets out to explore three social phenomena at different levels of the team. Using an external perspective, I explore group divisions, called faultlines, and subgroups in IT project teams. Adopting an internal and cross-boundary view, I investigate the effects of fluid team membership. Lastly, I study emergent leadership in IT project teams as a means of effective organization.


Building design and operation processes can be supported by many kinds of models, from traditional architectural scale models to computer -generated virtual buildings. This paper presents four variations not so much "on", but rather "around" the theme of computational building models. As such, these variations address m atters and ideas that are important for the range and effectiveness of model application towards supporting the design and operation of more habitable and sustainable built environments. Specifically, the variations deal with questions a propos: representational integration, performance-to-design mapping, design space exploration, and self-organizing building models. 0. THEME The question is, if the reduced model isn't the quintessence of the artifact in the first place… In reduction, the totality of the object appears less intimidating. (Claude Levi-Strauss) A word on models. Models are entities that represent other entities. While represented entities may be arbitrarily complex, models can be highly "reduced", i.e. they may focus only on a limited sub-set of the features of the represented entity while abstracting from other features. Despite – or perhaps because of – this reduction and abstraction, models can enable their users to effectively explore, document, understand, and predict certain properties a nd behavior of the modeled entity. Moreover, models not only facilitate communication amongst people, but also fulfill an "auto -communicative" function, supporting a kind of internal dialogue within one individual's mind. On occasions, architects' early sketches seem to function as a medium for such an internal dialogue. The effectiveness of a representational act depends not only on the intentionality that motivates its inception, but also on the consistency of the referential framework and the interpretative (or reconstructive) role of the user (Mahdavi 2003). A road map. Building design and operation can be supported by many kinds of models, from traditional architectural scale models to computer -generated virtual buildings. This paper presents four variations not so much "on", but rather "around" the theme of computational building models. As such, these variations address matters and ideas that are particularly important for the range and effectiveness of model application towards supporting the design and operation of habitable and sustainable built environments: i) The first variation deals with the question of representational integration: To which extent can a building information schema accommodate and support multiple views and applications and their diverse informational requirements?


Background: Unusually higher number of patients was observed to seek medical attention for keloids over the pinna in a geographical area in Central Karnataka. This study was conducted to find the demographic profile of such patients. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in two tertiary care centres, in which medical case files of all patients with documented diagnosis of keloid over the pinna between January 2013 to October 2017, were reviewed for their demographic profile and clinical presentation. Results: A total of 482 patients had presented with keloids of pinna in the duration studied. Of these 474 were females and 8 were males, with a mean age of 29 years. The most common age group of patients (37.3%) was 21 to 30 years followed by 31 to 40 years (25.7%). The most common antecedent event to keloid formation was piercing of the helix of the pinna. The commonest location of keloid formation in the pinna was found to be helix of the pinna (92.7%) The mean time interval between the antecedent event and keloid formation was 14 months. Conclusions: Higher number of patients seeks medical attention for keloid over the pinna in geographical region of central Karnataka. Most of them had undergone ear piercing and had presented in their early adulthood. Ear piercing over the helix of pinna was more commonly associated with keloid formation. Further studies are intended to be done on the etiological factors for higher incidence of keloids and feasible preventive measures.


The paper contains new results on the statistical origin of gradient terms in the macroscopic representation of stress and strain fields supported by engineering materials with appreciable heterogeneity at small scales. Physical arguments are employed to identify the correlation lengths defining the gradient coefficient in the corresponding Taylor series expansion of the random stress and strain fields. This allows to determine the number and type of stress and strain gradient terms which is important to include in the respective constitutive equations. The formulation also allows to incorporate microscopic fields with different statistical properties, including log-normal distributions. Depending on the type of correlation function employed, corresponding expressions for the gradient coefficients may be obtained.


The present invention discloses a method of preparing a nano graphite sheet, natural flake graphite as raw materials, an oxidizing agent and intercalating agents on natural flake graphite intercalation oxidation treatment to form an expandable graphite intercalation, microwave heating intercalation expanding the expandable graphite, expanded graphite is formed, and thereafter, in an organic solvent, ultrasonic irradiation on the release from expanded graphite nano-graphite sheet; method of the present invention is simple, high efficiency, safety, uniform expansion; the the prepared nano-graphite sheet having a diameter of 0.5 ~ 20μm, a thickness of 0.35 ~ 50nm, average 35nm thickness, a high degree of exfoliation, with a roll-shaped, S-shaped curl, the concavo-convex shaped agglomerates with various shapes, good thermal conductivity, in an organic easily dispersed in the solvent.


Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a variety of challenges to Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, especially in the area of health protection, food security, and availability. Food security is a concept that encompasses the availability and accessibility of safe nutritious foods to everyone and is dependent on the maintenance of the food supply chain. The food security status of Nigeria, a developing country that previously was problematic, has been worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic through several fronts including the disruption of the food supply chain, reduced agricultural output as a result of the global lockdown, and lack of access to agricultural facilities and products, such as fertilisers, manpower, and restrictive policies. These factors have generally resulted in food scarcity and price inflations, which increasingly threaten the political and economic stability of households within the country, leading to an insecure future for the people. This review examines how the food security status of households in Nigeria has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of the lockdown and changing business environment on farmers' food production operations and marketing activities. It further evaluates the pandemics impacts on agro-industrial projects and governments' efforts in making the agriculture sector more sustainable. Strategies to improve local food production, accessibility and availability, through interventions, including financial incentives/grants to farmers, the revival of moribund agricultural agencies, and encouraging local production and processing of foods are explored.


1. Introduction. Let A be a topological space, F be a metrizable space, and C be the collection of continuous functions on X into Y. We shall be interested in two topologies on C. The compact-open or k-topology. Given compact subset K of X and open subset W of F, denote by (K, W) the collection of functions fEC such that fiK)E W. The assembly of finite intersections of sets iK, W) forms a base for a topology on C, called the compact-open topology, or ¿-topology [l].1 Here the restriction to metrizable spaces Y is unnecessary. The topology of uniform convergence or d*-topology. If Y is metriz-able, let d be a bounded metric consistent with the topology of Y. For instance, if d' is an unbounded metric, let


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Exact coherent structures are steady state or traveling wave solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations that bifurcate from a neutrally stable streaky ∞ow. Such solutions exist in various shear ∞ows, for example in free-slip and noslip plane Couette and Poiseuille ∞ows, and are homotopic to one another. They are smoothly connected to each other through simple mappings in parameter space and their forms in physical space are also closely related. These non-turbulent solutions capture the main structural and statistical features of turbulent ∞ows, such as the form and characteristic sizes of the coherent structures, yet they are unstable from onset. A simple 1D discrete dynamical system illustrates how unstable solutions can be relevant to the dynamics and are symptomatic of a 'hard' transition to turbulence. Fullyresolved steady states in no-slip plane Couette ∞ow are presented for various length scales up to Reynolds number 400 where turbulent and time-periodic solutions have been obtained.


AbstractObservations have been made of the oxygen micro-climate during connective tissue regeneration in rabbit ear chambers. A modification of standard ear chambers is described which enables non-destructive measurements with oxygen micro electrodes to be made on the tissue. Wound 'dead space' had a very low oxygen tension (less than 3 mm Hg). Macrophages were the only cells which appeared to tolerate such low tension. Actively dividing fibroblasts were confined to regions where the tension was more than 15 mm Hg. Collagen formation appeared especially at tensions between 15 to 30 mm Hg.Oxygen breathing increased the intercapillary oxygen gradient especially in the zones of active cell division.Changes in the microcirculation produced very marked alteration of the oxygen climate in the tissue.


The paper briefly described the design and implementation of WebGIS based on MapXtreme,proposed a way to dissolve the question about slow response of the map server-Tail Map technology,introduced two main technologies of Tail Map technology.They were pre-production technology of Tile-Map warehouse and Ajax rich client technology.


BACKGROUND:The addition of clonidine to local anesthesia prolongs the local anesthetic action, but in humans, the contribution of a peripheral mechanism remains unclear. METHODS:We investigated clonidine's peripheral effect in 20 healthy volunteers undergoing double-blind, subcutaneous infiltration of 0.5% lidocaine with normal saline to one forearm and then, immediately, of lidocaine with 10 &mgr;g clonidine to the contralateral arm. Pinprick sensation was tested every 15 min for 6 h. RESULTS:Median time to return of normal sensation was 3.5 h for lidocaine alone, but at least 6 h if combined with clonidine (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:Clonidine has a significant peripheral action in enhancing duration of local anesthesia on superficial co-infiltration with lidocaine.


Luzula chromosome is characterized cytologically by the absence of a localized centromere, and kinetic activity of chromosomes is apparently present along the entire length of chromosomes)-4' . This was confiremed by the fact that in Luzula elegans experimentaly induced chromosome fragments continue to function mi totically2 5-8). Browns' has formulated the hypothesis that the matrical material is derived from the nucleolus, and the matrix itself is directly responsible for poleward movement of the Luzula chromosomes. This hypothesis has based on his elaborate morphological studies and other evidences of activity and movement on the spindle of persistent nucleoli observed in some plants'° ") If the matrical material is derived from the nucleolus, and if the matrical material causes the kinetic ability of chromosomes on the spindle, it is possible to confirm the validity of the hypothesis by the tracing of nucleolar material in radiation-induced kinetic and akinetic fragments with autoradiographic method using adequate labeled precursor for nucleolar material. The present study, using autoradiographic techniques, was undertaken to make clear the relationships among the nucleolar material, chromosomal matrix and the kinetic activity of radiation-induced kinetic and akinetic fragments of L. elegans (n=3). The data here obtained strongly support the validity of the above Brown's hypothesis, i.e. the matrical material seems highly responsible for poleward movement of the Luzula chromosomes in mitosis.


Objective to investigate the prevalence of kidney damage and risk factors among adult in Xi'an.Methods Three thousand five hundred and eleven residents of Xi'an railway system were interviewed and tested for proteinuria,hematuria and reduced GFR by abbreviated MDRD equation.The associations between age,gender,diabetes mellitus,and hypertension,and indicators of kidney damage were examined.Results Proteinuria was detected in 1.48% of cases,hematuria in 8.29%,and reduced GFR in 1.48%.The incidence of CKD is about 10.62%in xi'an adult.The risk factors of CKD involve sex,age,diabetes and hypercholesterolemia..Conclusion The prevalence and risk of CKD among adult in Xi'an are similar to those of developed countries.Identifying and targeting this section of the population may provide a means to reduce the burden of ESRD.


In order to predict the effects of a fusion energy project's magnet current requirements on the harmonics and power factor at the power system's supply line source, a detailed three-phase converter model, including the overlap angle, is presented. This converter model is contained within the transient analysis control systems (TACS) portion of the electromagnetic transients program (EMTP). Using TACS variables to control the firing of the individual thyristors, an average load current can be requested, and the delay angle is internally compensated to produce the desired result. Load currents of various durations and amplitudes can be requested. Such a model allows the user to carry out realistic computer studies of typical high-voltage DC systems. The converter representation is then incorporated into an overall EMTP system model. Block diagrams of the converter model are provided. Simulation results utilizing the computer model compare favorably with theoretical expectations and with data resulting from previous fusion energy experiments.<<ETX>>


The present invention is a metal plate; Surface-mounted light-emitting diode chip on the metal plate; An insulating layer and spaced apart about the LED chip formed on the metal plate; A lead frame having on the insulating layer; Reflection coating film formed on the lead frame; And to a light emitting diode package comprising: molding a molding material to the LED chip in a predetermined type. In addition, the present invention comprises a step forming an insulating layer to form an insulating layer on a lead frame; Mounting area forming step of forming a light-emitting diode mounting region to the lead frame and the insulating layer; The metal sheet forming step comprises a metal plate on the lower side of the insulating layer; Reflection coating film forming step of forming a reflective coating on the lead frame; Surface mounting step of mounting the LED chip on the surface of the metal plate of the mounting area; And to a method for manufacturing a light emitting diode package comprising: a molding step of molding for the LED chip. LED package, PCB, FR4, white resin


This article melts some important thoughts such as green chemistry;people-orientation;five-basis teaching,etc,into chemical experiment teaching by the guideline of scientific development view.And innovate experimental teaching modes to enhance its effect continuously.


The results of the dependence of forest litter moisture on relative air humidity are presented in this paper. The dependence was studied applying the data obtained during a field survey in research plots situated in the Low Tatras Mountains territory. To process the statistical analysis the Statistica 8 software was applied. As a result of this analysis we expected to find the conversion index that can be used to calculate the fine fuel moisture based on the actual relative air humidity. The information on litter moisture (fine fuel component) is essential for the software for modelling fire behaviour. Results of analyses confirmed that the conversion coefficient between relative air humidity and forest litter moisture cannot be established, because the input data are highly variable. Therefore, the expected conversion factor confirming a significant dependence of litter moisture on air humidity was not obtained. On the contrary, the value of correlation coefficient was so low in all the measurements that it can be neglected.


Sulfur mustard (SM) is a potent chemical vesicant targeting many tissues including skin. The SM induced cutaneous toxicity is associated with edema, epidermal erosions, inflammation, and prolonged wound repair. Earlier studies have shown that overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) degrades extracellular matrix proteins and leads to the separation of epidermis from dermis in skin exposed to SM. We have found that MMP9, a type IV collagenase, disrupts collagen IV (Col IV) a major component of the basement membrane (BM) zone in SM induced blisters. Col IV in the BM network has recently been reported to be a regulator of epidermal differentiation and keratin expression during wound repair. The type IV collagen (Col IV) BM network may regulate epidermal differentiation and keratin expression during development and wound repair. In this present study, we evaluated the MMP9 inhibitor BiPS [N‐hydroxy‐3‐phenyl‐2‐(4‐phenylbenzenesulfonamido) propanamide] in an epidermal wound healing model following SM exposure. Time course (24, 72, and 168 hrs post‐SM exposure) and compound evaluation studies (BiPS as a single pretreatment) were performed in a mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM) using histopathological changes, degree of hyperplasia and edema, and expression of type IV collagen, MMP9, keratin 10 (K10, differentiation marker), and keratin 6 (K6, wound‐inducible marker) for comparison. MMP9 mRNA and protein expression increased with time. Dual immunofluorescence studies using Col IV α1 and MMP9 antibodies showed BM zone breakdown of Col IV and apparent MMP9 expression in the epidermis and the adjacent dermal matrix of the SM injured skin. Dual immunofluorescent studies using K6 and K10 showed strong K6 and weak K10 expression in the hyperplastic epidermis. In the compound evaluation study, the BiPS pretreatment group demonstrated significant reduction in edema with 25% reduction of epidermal thickness, and improvement in overall tissue structure by 72 hr post‐SM exposure. mRNA expression of MMP9 was significantly downregulated in the BiPS treated group by 168 hr post exposure. Immunofluorescent studies showed that significant reduction of MMP9 expression in the skin and a continuous expression pattern of Col IV; similar to the unexposed control skin. Dual immunofluorescent studies show reduced K6 and increased K10 expression in hyperplastic epidermis when compared to SM treated samples. These results suggest that BiPS treatment may effectively improve BM integrity by the inhibition of MMP9 in SM exposed skin. This may in turn modulate the epidermal keratin expression and promote keratinocyte differentiation for wound repair. Targeting MMP9 for the restoration of BM may be an effective strategy for countering SM‐induced cutaneous injury.