Introduction: We aimed to clarify childhood acetabular development and to identify the incidence of children's hip dysplasia in Japan using radiographs of the contralateral hip. Methods: We performed radiological cross-sectional evaluation of hip development in 211 patients (106 boys, 211 hips) in different age groups (age range: 3–9 years). We excluded patients who complained of bilateral coxalgia at the first visit or had received a diagnosis of acetabular dysplasia. We measured the acetabular index (AI), center-edge angle (CEA), and acetabular head index (AHI) in plain radiographs taken at the first visit. Results: A significant correlation was found between age and CEA in boys, but other parameters had no significant correlation. The mean AI values in boys and girls were 18 ± 3° and 20 ± 4° (p < 0.01), respectively, and the mean CEA values were 25 ± 5° and 24 ± 5° (p = 0.43), respectively. The mean AHI values in boys and girls were 83 ± 6% and 81 ± 7%, respectively (p < 0.01). Two of the 120 children (66 boys and 54 girls) aged ≥6 years old had a hip CEA < 15°; both were girls. Conclusions: We found decreased acetabular development in girls, and 4% (2/54) of girls without any history of dislocation belonged to Severin's group III. Acetabular dysplasia was observed more frequently in children from Japanese than in those from other countries. Girls with less than two standard deviations in hip dysplasia indices had an AI of 28°, an AHI of 67%, and a CEA of 14°. These reference values may be useful as prognostic indicators for hip dysplasia and OA in adulthood.


The dropping off of data during information transmission and the storage device's damage etc.often leads the sampled data to be non-uniform.The paper, based on the stability theory of irregular wavelet frame and the irregular weighted wavelet frame operator,proposed an irregular weighted wavelet fame conjugate gradient iterative algorithm for the reconstruction of non-uniformly sampling signal. Compared the experiment results with the iterative algorithm of the Ref.[5],the new algorithm has remarkable advantages in approximation error,running time and so on.


Powders of various sizes are extensively used in pharmaceutical, food, cement, chemical and other industries. Historically, major part of powder materials is treated as assembly of contacting particles considered as of non-cohesive bodies. It is generally agreed that contact behaviour is of hysteric character and energy is dissipated during contact. Total amount of irreversible effects may be characterised by single parameter, i.e. by coefficient of restitution (COR). Comprehensive review on the dissipation and restitution of contacting bodies are presented in [1]. When considering normal contact, plasticity or viscosity related mechanisms explained on the continuum theories prevail. Recently, powders classified as ultrafine (d < 10 μm) particles became of specific interest. Many technological problems of powder processing, transportation and storage are directly related to particles adhesion. Considering normal contact, an expression of the normal force for spherical particles has been suggested by Johnson, Kendall and Roberts [2]. This JKR model assumes that the surface attraction force only results in a change of surface energy over the contact area. Derjaguin, Muller and Toporov [3] considered a DMT model where surface attraction forces have a finite range and, therefore, act just outside the contact zone where surface separation is small. A micromechanical approach for particle adhesion was generalised by Tomas [4, 5] and universal models of "stiff particles with soft contacts", which includes the elastic-plastic and viscoplastic particle contact behaviour with hysteresis and consequently, corresponding energy dissipation mechanisms were developed. When adhesive particles contact, energy dissipation occurs even through propagation of elastic waves. Analytical model for evaluation of this phenomenon for stick/bounce behaviour of adhesive elastic-plastic spheres was proposed by Thornton and Ning [6]. Energy can be additionally dissipated through adhesion hysteresis [7]. Normal contact is recently investigated numerically [8-11] but the role of various energy dissipation mechanisms is differently interpreted and still problematic. The focus of this investigation is an attempt to generalise normal contact model including short-range interaction with elastic and elastic-plastic dissipation mechanisms and apply it for dynamic simulations of ultrafine silica particle. Normal impact on the plane substrate is considered by applying the Discrete Element Method. Simulation results were explored to interpret experimental results presented by Poppe et al. [12].


A shortage of trained, prepared transportation engineers for leadership positions is growing in state departments of transportation (DOTs). This shortage is influenced by four factors. First, insufficient numbers of engineering graduates choose work at DOTs. Second, those who do choose DOT jobs enter with deficits in transportation-related engineering knowledge. Third, the DOTs have difficulty retaining the new engineers. Finally, increasing levels of experienced staff are retiring, adding to the expertise and leadership deficit. DOTs are reaching out to students at college and high school levels to encourage careers in transportation engineering; this outreach includes diversity programs and summer internships. Some DOTs work with colleges through cooperative research programs. To maintain engineering staff expertise, those agencies are increasingly providing young unlicensed engineers with in-house training that can include mentoring, functional area rotations, instructional training, and support for staff preparing to take the professional engineer exam. This study examines the steps that DOTs are taking nationally to train unlicensed engineers and focuses on a training program at the Dallas District of the Texas DOT. The research team performed a literature review and collected data about DOT training programs. Two surveys were conducted to compare programs at various DOTs and to assess the effectiveness of the training program from the Texas DOT Dallas District in improving staff performance (e.g., increase staff attainment of professional engineer licenses, rapid promotion within the agency, leadership, improved retention rates). Survey feedback, including recommendations for improving existing training programs, was analyzed. Training programs appear to improve both retention and expertise and are positive investments.


Abstract : In this AFOSR project a very important set of atomistic and coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were designed and performed to study the structure and dynamical properties of room temperature ionic liquids (ILs). Eight papers in total were published during the grant period.1-8 Overall, a number of particularly high impact and ground-breaking publications have come out of this body of research, including a reviews in a Special Issue of Accounts of Chemical Research devoted to ionic liquids that the PI was invited to co-edit. As an example of this work, the behavior of the ionic liquid/vacuum interface was studied by applying the MS-CG method.4 When the alkyl chain length of the IL cation was increased, a simple monolayer ordering was shown to change over to a unique multilayer ordering at the IL interface, while the surface tension decreased and approached a constant value, consistent with Langmuir theory and experiment.


Destiny is the most complicated subject in our world and cannot be comprehended without taking a global view in both space and time. Therefore this paper takes a multi disciplinary approach using mathematics, physics, engineering, economics, and philosophy. The paper has two major related objectives (A) Provide a theory for the existence of destiny and (B) Explain away the counter logic. For part A we take the following approaches. (a1) The idea of destiny is well recognized by Newtonian physics. In our universe everything happens because of simultaneous interactions of everything. Thus destiny is not an individual concept. It is not my destiny or your destiny, it is our destiny. (a2) From this global concept of our destiny, we derive how the destiny plays out locally for an individual; how humans are really part of nature, work in cooperation with nature, and according to its dictates. In particular we show that our first reaction to every natural event is planned. (a3) Reincarnation theory of soul is an integral part of destiny theory. We prove giving real life examples, that reincarnation is a law of nature, and we are all reincarnated souls. Thus destiny is not only global in space; it is also global in time, covering all past lives. For part B we cover several important opposing views. (b1) The uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics says nothing can be certain, and therefore destiny cannot be true. We point out that the core idea behind Heisenberg's original mathematical proof is based on Fourier Transform theory. Fourier Transform uses infinity, which as we show is not meaningful in nature. Replacing infinity by any finite number changes the uncertainty to certainty, just like the Newtonian physics. (b2) Destiny is not in the mainstream, therefore it must be wrong. We show that it is the opposite. All Mathematical and physical theories have assumptions that are invalid in nature and therefore they cannot describe nature. These theories are not approximate theories, they are outright wrong. As a natural consequence, the real life engineering which uses these incorrect theories is full of kludges and patches. (b3) We must also understand money, money power, and the way it is controlled by the Central Bank. It is the same money that remote controls every activity and the mindset of every individual in our world. If anyone anywhere is allowed to find the truth on any subject, including destiny, then people will eventually discover the truth behind the central bank, which cannot be allowed. The central bank is a very secret private organization, cannot be controlled by any government, as is well known in economics. In the hierarchy of all activities, however, the soul theory and the laws of nature are at the top, above the central bank.


The incidence rate of skin cancer is increasing in the United States and blistering sunburns during childhood or adolescence is a major risk factor. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed a set of guidelines to provide schools with a comprehensive approach to preventing skin cancer among adolescents and young people. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of sun protection policies, environmental features, and attitudes in institutions responsible for school-aged populations, such as children in juvenile detention centers. Surveys were sent to all (n = 19) public juvenile detention centers in Pennsylvania .Overall, 63.2% (n=12) of the juvenile detention centers in Pennsylvania responded to the survey. Of the 12 centers, 50% (n=6) allow residents to wear hats, 25% (n=3) allow residents to wear sunglasses, 66.7% (n=8) allow residents to wear sunscreen without a provider's note, and 25% (n=3) provide sun protection education. All the facilities (100%) reported shade-producing structures, but 83.3% (n=10) cover less than 25% of the outdoor activity areas. The CDC's guidelines include recommendations for schools to encourage skin cancer prevention on school property and elsewhere. Among public juvenile detention centers in PA, we found an absence of policies to reduce sun exposure and a lack of knowledge about the CDC guidelines to prevent skin cancer. Despite these results, administrators are largely in favor of stronger policies and believe sun exposure is an important health issue.


Multiword Expressions (MWEs) have been a bottleneck for Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG) tasks due to their idiomaticity, ambiguity, and non-compositionality. Bilingual parallel corpora introducing MWE annotations are very scarce which set another challenge for current Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems, especially in a multilingual setting. This work presents AlphaMWE-Arabic, an Arabic edition of the AlphaMWE parallel corpus with MWE annotations. We introduce how we created this corpus including machine translation (MT), post-editing, and annotations for both standard and dialectal varieties, i.e. Tunisian and Egyptian Arabic. We analyse the MT errors when they meet MWEs-related content, both quantitatively using the human-in-the-loop metric HOPE and qualitatively. We report the current state-of-the-art MT systems are far from reaching human parity performances. We expect our bilingual English-Arabic corpus will be an asset for multilingual research on MWEs such as translation and localisation, as well as for monolingual settings including the study of Arabic-specific lexicography and phrasal verbs on MWEs. Our corpus and experimental data are available at https://github.com/aaronlifenghan/AlphaMWE.


The Common Data Format (CDF) was established to reconcile issues related to the use of various data formats and storage schemes throughout the US Army, C5ISR Research and Technology Integration (RTI) directorate. This paper describes the CDF and its usage for streamlining data sharing for Aided Targeting Recognition (AiTR) consumption. The CDF is based on the well-established Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5). The CDF structure can contain collection imagery, the corresponding frame-synchronous and asynchronous metadata, and the related labeling information in a single file. The CDF is specifically designed to simplify data sharing.


Seam gas released during coal mining is a substantial source of fugitive greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Most of these emissions originate from underground mining; however, lack of robust global data means that the scale of emissions remains uncertain. Some coal-producing countries are attempting to improve the quality of emission estimates by using ventilation data to calculate emissions from individual mines. Legislation recently introduced in Australia now requires coal mine operators to estimate and report annual fugitive emissions. This article examines the methodology currently used at most Australian mines to meet these requirements. To assess the performance of this methodology, we compared the results of routine measurements of ventilation air flow rate and gas composition to those made with reference methods. The primary sources of uncertainty in the techniques are identified and their contributions to the uncertainty of the reported fugitive emission fluxes are estimated.


The work of defence lawyers in civil litigation has been neglected by law and society studies. Research on personal injury cases, in particular, has usually focused on the alleged failure of legal systems to compensate plaintiffs as fully and as quickly as they believe proper. The defence lawyer is conventionally portrayed as a pettifogger in the classic sense, one who seeks points of detail on which to argue, delay and confuse issues until the plaintiff reduces their demands, dies, loses heart or otherwise goes away. Recent work has been widely taken as proposing that the most effective plaintiff response is to harry defendants in an aggressive and uncompromising fashion–so-called 'hard bargaining'. This paper combines data from two studies of personal injury litigation carried out in the late 1980s and the mid 1990s to question this conclusion. Although the procedural environment has changed in England since the implementation of the Civil Justice Reforms in April 1999, it is argued that the general points on methodology and on the starting assumptions of socio-legal research remain valid.


Although some image retrieval methods were proposed to accelerate finger vein recognition, the insufficient feature (e.g., the number of vein point) and unfavorable encoding (e.g., predefined threshold based binarization) limited retrieval performance largely. In view of this problem, we develop a new retrieval framework, based on the integration of discriminative texture features and similarity-preserving binary codes. In detail, the vector and scalar features, measuring the gray level, gray difference, and gray gathering of image patch, are both used to represent finger vein image. And to improve the retrieval efficiency, the high-dimensional decimal features are further encoded into the compact binary patterns by principal component analysis (PCA) and similarity-preserving iterative quantization (ITQ). Experimental results on one large finger vein database prove that the proposed method can powerfully improve the retrieval accuracy and efficiency.


Y-cut thin film lithium niobate optical modulators with Vπ.L of 4V.cm are demonstrated by making high index contrast waveguides of lithium niobate on silicon substrates. Preliminary high speed measurement results are shown.


An intelligent video surveillance system was proposed together with distributed fiber vibration sensing technique and advanced intelligent identification algorithm, in order to monitor all kinds of real-time disturbance and intrusion on the cable.


NICE guidelines state that fracture risk assessment should occur in all women aged ≥65 and all men aged ≥75. This includes assessing patients' FRAX score, measuring serum vitamin D and calcium levels. Early detection and treatment can prevent complications like fragility fractures. We conducted a Quality Improvement Project to improve bone health assessments on Geriatric Wards.

 A baseline audit assessed: admission reason, falls history, FRAX score, CFS, previous DEXA scans, whether vitamin D and calcium levels were checked during the admission, and if treatment was commenced (bone resorption medication and vitamin D/calcium supplements). Data was collected two further times following interventions over a 5-month period. The first intervention was an announcement at the morning departmental meeting reminding clinicians. The second intervention was an email reminder.

 There were 56, 51, and 58 patients per cycle. 19, 15, and 17 patients were admitted with falls. 23, 14, and 10 patients had a falls history. Average CFS was 5.4, 5.4, and 5.5. Average major osteoporotic fracture FRAX score was 15.8, 16.4, and 12.9. Checking serum calcium was 88%, 100%, and 100%. Checking vitamin D was 30%, 43%, and 60%. 28%, 43%, and 47% of patients were prescribed calcium and vitamin D supplements. Patients on bone resorptive treatment dropped from 7% to 3% to 2%. 8, 12, and 11 patients had a previous DEXA.

 Verbal announcement had the greatest impact. Visible reminders help sustainability. This QIP highlighted the lack of bone protection treatment with multiple contributing factors including some patients lacking the capacity to follow instructions to take weekly medications or patients requiring vitamin D being replaced initially, with initiation later. This QIP feeds into a larger trust project in developing a 'Fracture Liaison Service', which could improve adherence and provide a pathway in utilising annual and bi-annual treatments.


This paper reports a new spectral collocation algorithm for solving time-space fractional partial differential equations with subdiffusion and superdiffusion. In this scheme we employ the shifted Legendre Gauss-Lobatto collocation scheme and the shifted Chebyshev Gauss-Radau collocation approximations for spatial and temporal discretizations, respectively. We focus on implementing the new algorithm for two physical problems, namely, time fractional modified anomalous subdiffusion and fractional nonlinear superdiffusion equations. The numerical results obtained by using this algorithm have been compared with another numerical scheme in order to demonstrate the high accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.


Casuarina Equisetifolia L. plays a significant role in sandy, coastal regions for sand stabilization and windbreaks. However, C. Equisetifolia forests are susceptible to plant diseases and insect pests, resulting in mortality due to pure stands and a harsh natural environment. Mapping the distribution of C. Equisetifolia and detecting its height can inform forest-management decisions. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery, coupled with the classical detection method, can provide accurate information on tree-level forest parameters. Considering that the accuracy of a forest-parameter estimation is impacted by various flight altitudes and extraction parameters, the purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate flight altitude and extraction parameters for mapping C. Equisetifolia using UAV imagery and the local maxima algorithm in order to monitor C. Equisetifolia more accurately. A total of 11 different flight altitudes and 36 combinations of circular smoothing window size (CSWS) and fixed circular window size (FCWS) were tested, and 796 trees with corresponding positions in the UAV image and ground–tree heights were used as reference. The results show that the combination of a 0.1 m CSWS and a 0.8 m FCWS for individual tree detection (ITD) and tree-height detection achieved excellent accuracy (with an F1 score of 91.44% for ITD and an estimation accuracy (EA) of 79.49% for tree-height detection). A lower flight altitude did not indicate a higher accuracy for individual tree and tree-height detection. The UAV image obtained within a flight altitude of 60 m-80 m can meet the accuracy requirements for the identification of C. Equisetifolia tree-height estimation (F1 score > 85% for ITD; EA > 75% for tree-height estimation). This study provides a foundation for monitoring C. Equisetifolia by using UAV imagery and applying the local maxima algorithm, which may help forestry practitioners detect C. Equisetifolia trees and tree heights more accurately, providing more information on C. Equisetifolia growth status.


We study a time-optimal problem in the roto-translation group with admissible control in a circular sector. The problem reveals the trajectories of a car model that can move forward on a plane and turn with a given minimum turning radius. Our work generalizes the sub-Riemannian problem by adding a restriction on the velocity vector to lie in a circular sector. The sub-Riemannian problem is given by a special case when the sector is the full disc. The trajectories of the system are applicable in image processing to detect salient lines. We study the local and global controllability of the system and the existence of a solution for given arbitrary boundary conditions. In a general case of the sector opening angle, the system is globally but not small-time locally controllable. We show that when the angle is obtuse, a solution exists for any boundary conditions, and when the angle is reflex, a solution does not exist for some boundary conditions. We apply the Pontryagin maximum principle and derive a Hamiltonian system for extremals. Analyzing a phase portrait of the Hamiltonian system, we introduce the rectified coordinates and obtain an explicit expression for the extremals in Jacobi elliptic functions. We show that abnormal extremals are of circular type, and they correspond to motions of a car along circular arcs of minimal possible radius. The normal extremals in a general case are given by concatenation of segments of sub-Riemannian geodesics in SE2 and arcs of circular extremals. We show that, in a general case, the vertical (momentum) part of the extremals is periodic. We partially study the optimality of the extremals and provide estimates for the cut time in terms of the period of the vertical part.


Walking and transit are the backbone of sustainable mobility. Bus stops not only represent the connection between the two, but are also central in dictating the attractiveness of the latter. Accessibility of bus stops becomes, then, pivotal in increasing both attractiveness and sustainability of public transport. The paper describes a multi-step methodology to evaluate bus stops' accessibility starting from a cluster of seven indicators describing objective and subjective features influencing passengers' choice toward a given bus stop. The indicators are weighed by a questionnaire submitted to experts. Finally, a multicriteria analysis is developed to obtain a final score describing univocally the accessibility of each stop. Outcomes are mapped and a case study in Rome is reported as an example, with 231 bus and tram stops assessed accordingly. Results shows the relevance of the urban network and environment in evaluating the accessibility and in promoting more sustainable mobility patterns. Research innovation relies on the possibility to merge data from different fields into a specific GIS map and easily highlight for each bus stop the relationships between built environment, passengers' comfort, and accessibility, with the concluding goal to provide advanced knowledge for further applications.


Comer (2004) defines learned helplessness as, "the perception based on past experiences that one has no control over one's reinforcement".Learned helplessness is a phenomenon containing three components: contingency, cognition and behaviour. The theory of learned helplessness posits a number of testable predictions. The studies carried out Euro American context posit personal helplessness and universal helplessness as two orthogonal dimensions. Sahoo (1991) obtained significant positive association between the two types of helplessness that is personal and universal helplessness. Persons experiencing personal helplessness attribute causality to internal factors such as lack of ability, they exhibit internal locus of control. On the contrary, persons demonstrating universal helplessness attribute causality to external factors such as chance or luck, they exhibit external locus of control.


This work is (partly) supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme (MDM-2015-0502), the TUNER project (TIN2015-65308-C5-5-R, MINECO/FEDER, UE) and the European Project Dr. Inventor (FP7-ICT-2013.8.1 - Grant no: 611383).


The 1954 British musical Salad Days has been almost completely neglected by academics, partly, it seems because it is assumed to be light, frothy nonsense with no real significance. Its neglect is particularly noteworthy considering Salad Days' huge popularity in its own time. But this musical is far from conservative; the protagonists are a young graduate couple, who try to circumvent the restrictions of the grim world of the diegetic narrative and more specifically the gendered and classed roles expected of them. This article revisits Salad Days, reading it as a utopian text and in doing so repositions the show as an articulation of utopian desire for the 'not-yet' of a more liberated future. Although, the novel has been the traditional home of utopia, musical theatre is considered here to contain forms that can circumvent the regulations of prose fiction. The abstract and non-representational nature of music and performance makes them effective modes for articulating utopian desire. Salad Days uses both utopian and nostalgic sensibilities, and this article explores ways in which the utopian modes challenge ideological boundaries, and the backward glance signifies mourning for lost opportunities.


The Dutch TV show Onopgeloste zaken investigates unsolved cases, which usually leads to a confrontation with a person on camera. In this particular case, a person confronted about possible wrongdoing considered the confrontation to be a violation of his privacy and brought proceedings against the TV show.

The claimant was approached by a family, asking him to store their furniture while they were renovating their house. Upon completion of the renovation they wanted their furniture back, but it seemed that the claimant's company could not be reached by phone or mail. Thereupon the family approached the TV show, which decided to investigate the case. After extensive research the production team found several witnesses who confirmed some suspicions. Onopgeloste Zaken tracked down the home address of the claimant and confronted him abruptly with their research results and stated that he had unjustly enriched himself by selling the furniture that was entrusted to him by the family. The claimant instantly acknowledged that he had not returned the family's belongings to them and that it could well be possible that he had sold it. He promised on camera to make financial amends upon presentation of a list of the missing furniture.


Abstract Religious educators, in neglecting to account for race in their theories, have ignored the historical legacy of institutional racism. In fact, religious education has demonstrated an inadequate response to race and racism throughout its history. As evidenced by slavery and immigration history in the United States, race must be seen as a sociohistorical and legal construction. Its influence goes beyond the assimilationist ideology taught in early Methodist curricula. The article suggests that the Bible can be a rich multicultural curriculum resource because of its positive treatment of Africans.


Texas Southwestern Medical Center, in Dallas. "This is . . . a contentious debate that's been going on for years as to whether BMI, waist measurement, or waist-to-hip ratio is the best measure, and I don't think one paper can resolve this issue," Grundy said. "All are highly correlated and a lot has to do with statistical analysis, so some papers show one thing and some papers show something else." Grundy was chair of the executive committee that wrote a scientific statement on the metabolic syndrome issued in September by the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The statement, which established diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome in the United States, uses waist circumference as one criterion for diagnosing the syndrome. Men with a waist circumference of 40 inches or more and women with a waist circumference of 35 inches or more are considered to have one of the criteria for the metabolic syndrome. The scientific statement also says a lower waist circumference cut point appears to be appropriate for Asian Americans. "Here's the problem with waist-tohip: Some people may be thin and have an abnormal waist-to-hip ratio, and for others it may not be so high," Grundy said. "Most people think it's the fat itself that's driving the problem, so the ratio may hold for populations, but it doesn't necessarily mean for you and me it's as good as measuring our waist circumference." While the debate on the best measure of obesity and cardiovascular risk apparently will continue, Sharma did make the point that BMI should not be dismissed altogether. "We should not throw out BMI completely. There are issues such as arthritis, cancer, and quality of life that are all related to a person's size," Sharma said. "But [for assessing] obesity and cardiac risk, BMI is not just as good" as the waist-to-hip ratio.


The present invention relates to an LDC active control system for an electric vehicle and more specifically, to an LDC control operation of an electric vehicle, capable of increasing mileage by a charging process of the electric vehicle and the lifetime of a low voltage battery without applying a battery sensor using an LDC voltage method. According to the present invention, the charging time of the low voltage battery is secured. When the charging time is secured, an active control operation is performed. Also, the mileage by the charging process of the electric vehicle is increased through an overcurrent charging limiting logic. [Reference numerals] (AA) P phase stop and deceleration; (BB) P phase stop, quiet, acceleration; (CC) When using an electric field load; (DD) LDC voltage


This research presents an application of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology to the preservation of buildings of historic value. The study of the built heritage encompasses several aspects: namely, the collection of information, the rigorous representation of the building, the identification of the applied traditional construction processes, and the classification of historic eras of construction, conservation or refurbishing. In a BIM context, the topic of old buildings is referred to as Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM). In order to illustrate the type of work that needs to be prepared, a building heritage case is presented. The study is focused on the identification of the historic evolution of a castle and the adjacent structural environment. The first step concerns the data collecting: several institutional repositories of old documents were consulted; technical visits to the site were performed; a large photographic survey was undertaken; and photogrammetry technology was applied. Based on the available information, the corresponding stratigraphic HBIM model of the historic complex was generated, which was associated with an accessible and well-organised database. This text aims to contribute positively to the dissemination of the HBIM in the preservation of historic buildings, and it is focused on a mandatory first step: generating a complete stratigraphic HBIM model. The model is intended to be a useful support to professionals to elaborate the preservation project, as it archives relevant data. The description of all processes from the data collection to the stratigraphic model brings an important understanding of the relevance of a primary stage performed with depth and care. This research contemplates, essentially, the topic of collecting data as essential to the performance of heritage studies.


Stage 2 samples of AgxTiS2 have been prepared by the electrointercalation of Ag into TiS2. The intercalated silver atoms are observed to undergo an order–disorder transition with Tc = 265 K. Raman spectra from the ordered phase of the samples contain both the modes expected from the pure crystal and two additional modes. The new modes are attributed to a zone-folding mechanism and a theoretical model is presented to describe this process. The model predicts that the intensity of the zone-folding modes should vary as the order parameter squared (η2). Values η2 as a function of temperature were calculated using a two-dimensional lattice gas model and Monte Carlo techniques. Good agreement is obtained between the calculations and the experimentally observed temperature dependence of the zone-folded mode intensities. The results are discussed and compared with recent theoretical and experimental developments.


The main purpose of this study is to suggest an efficient method for quality control of concrete. In terms of the mix design, the estimating method of compressive strength of concrete is investigated at the stage that mix proportion conditions of production conditions in the materials to be used, batching, mixing and transportation are known (at the stage before mixing or that of fresh concrete).Through a lot of date analyses of investigation results of concrete tests, it became evident that compressive strength of concrete is greatly influenced by unit cement content, unit water content and other factors. And the estimation equations of compressive strength of concrete were proposed.


which was over 4 inches in diameter; the whole mass was lifted up from .the connective tissue and removed, without entering the diseased portion. The following evening the temperature was normal. " He felt he wanted something to eat." The temperature never again exceeded 990; lie was able to partake of full diet on the third day, and was taking exercise in the garden on the fourth. My experience in the other cases has been identical. There was no trace of sugar found in any of their urines; consequently I cannot say how a diabetic patient would bear the operation. It practically means for him, " Is the cure worse than the disease ?" Personally I doubt it. Having obtained such remarkable results by excision, I reluctantly feel impelled to question the dictum of so good an authority as Mr. Jonathan Hutchinson, jun., in Treves's System of Surqery, page 713. Writing on the treatment of carbuncle, he states, "<An ancient plan of treatment of carbuncle has, however, been lately revived, consisting in cutting with scissors and scraping away all the slough, in the belief that this shortens the healing process. Undoubtedly some time and perhaps considerable pain are occasionally saved by this plan; but on the other hand, the risk of opening up veins, and causing pyEemia appears to be distinctly increased, and many surgeons have on this account abandoned it." I should explain the occurrence of pyiemia as due to half-hearted operations, where the disease is not thoroughly cleared away; or to operations undertaken too late, when the pyiemic virus had already entered the blood. So far I have not heard of pyaemia following Barker's operation in psoas abscess, scraping away suppurating inguinal glands, or the opening up and scraping of large abscesses on the thigh, where the process is somewhat identical. My apology for this criticism is, first, that I do not think there is any scientific foundation for the remarks just quoted, as to the possible dangers; secondly, I am a strong believer that in every instance in surgery where there is a grave constitutional depression prompt measures ought to be taken, and if possible a " clean sweep" made, not only of the micro-organisms, but of their camp. As Mr. Hutchinson does not mention complete excision in the treatment of carbuncle, my remarks as to his theories only refer to operations where the scissors and spoon are used as supplementary to the knife.


We perform extensive density-functional theory total-energy calculations and ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations to evaluate the structure, stability, and reactivity of oxygen- and hydroxyl-decorated InP(001) surfaces for photoelectrochemical water cleavage. Surface oxygen is adsorbed in one of two primary local bond topologies: In-O-P and In-O-In. We show that the chemical activity of the oxygen-decorated surface toward water dissociation can be connected to the local oxygen bond topology, with In-O-In bridges promoting spontaneous water dissociation. Surface hydroxyl groups tend to form either In-OH-In bridges, though the second of the two In-OH bonds is easily broken. Dynamics simulations of the full water-semiconductor interface show surface proton transfer when the surface is hydroxylated, facilitated by strong hydrogen bonding between atop OH groups and with interfacial water molecules. Implications for understanding the reaction dynamics at InP(001)-water interfaces are discussed.


Vehicle fetishism is a near-ubiquitous cultural attitude in theorizing about the arts. It commonly occurs as a background assumption, if not an explicit belief, that the physical vehicles, by means of which the artistic meaning or content of artworks is communicated, must somehow themselves be integral parts of the relevant artworks. Of course, such a primitivist or magical view about the power or centrality of vehicles has long since been abandoned in connection with linguistic communication. No one thinks that linguistic words or sentences, whether construed as types or as tokens, are somehow integral parts of the meaningful propositions that they are used to express. Their purely symbolic or representational role in communication is obvious to all. Yet, by contrast, virtually everyone who theorizes about the arts assumes that concrete artistic vehicles, such as painted canvases or musical performances, are either identical with artworks, or at least that they are integral parts of the relevant artworks. Thus is artistic communication fetishized, via a belief in obscure artistic powers of concrete vehicles themselves, mysteriously independent of their legitimate representational roles in expressing artistic meanings.


In the paper there are presented the results of the analysis of the quality of UWB pulse transmission in the channel containing convex obstacle. The convex ovstacle is a cylinder, which is widely used in simulation tools as a model of the human, whose presence in UWB channel have to be taken into consideration. The analysis are made with the usage of measurement results. The measurements were performed in an anachoic chamber. We use System Fidelity Factor (SFF) as a measure of the quality of the received UWB pulse.


We study strings between static quarks in QCD with $n_f$ adjoint fermions, including $N=1$ Super Yang-Mills (SYM), in the calculable regime on $\mathbb R^3\times \mathbb S^1$. We find that they have many qualitatively new features not previously known. The difference from other realizations of abelian confinement is due to the composite nature of magnetic bions, whose Dirac quantum with fundamental quarks is two, and to the unbroken part of the Weyl group. In particular we show that strings are composed of two domain walls, that quarks are not confined on domain walls, that strings can end on domain walls, and that "Y" or "$\Delta$" baryons can form. We briefly discuss their lightest modes and decompactification limit.


About two thirds of patients who present with ST depression or T wave inversion on an admission ECG will have confirmed acute myocardial infarction on discharge.7 The patients with a discharge diagnosis of infarction are potentially those who would benefit most from thrombolytic therapy.4 It has been shown in theory8 and in practice9 that the use of early immunoassay of creatine kinase MB can achieve 94% sensitivity and specificity for prediction of the discharge diagnosis of infarction. A subgroup analysis that might yield valuable information could be undertaken by the ISIS-3 coordinators. In ISIS-3, 9158 patients were enrolled as having an "uncertain" indication for thrombolytic therapy; 70% of these had an admission ECG criterion other than ST elevation.'0 Fifty nine per cent of the patients in the whole "uncertain" group had a discharge diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Thirty five day mortality was 8-3% in the whole "uncertain" group and 11 4% in those with a discharge diagnosis of infarction. What was the mortality for thrombolytic treatment and what for placebo in this last group? As far as we are aware these figures have never been published. IAN GUNN DAVID MATTHEWS LAiN O'BRIEN Law Hospita, Carluke, Lanarkshire, ML8 SER


Exhibition stemming from a residency at C&C Gallery, London for the duration of August. Ian Dawson is the lead artist and will work collaboratively with a series of five invited artists (John Greenwood, Claude Heath, Nicola Thomas, Louisa Minkin, Jenny Dunseath) and two applicants from the open call.

The Elbow, the part of the human body that a blind or partially sighted person takes hold of, four fingers on the inside, thumb on the outside; holding with a firm grip to assist them with navigation. It is a common guiding technique linking two people into an unfamiliar choreography.

This summer C&C Gallery hosted an innovative residency programme, transforming the gallery space into a dynamic studio environment in order to respond to ideas surrounding the condition of blindness. During this time eight artists variously came and went, engaging with a whole repertoire of processes, from casting to laser scanning, leaving a variety of traces of their activities. Much of the work, arrived at through a collaborative approach has sought to obliquely cast a shadow across the subject, remaining open towards the process of making, and the work remains in a state of uncertainty even at the time of writing.


Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Raman Spectroscopy Study of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Bulk Tissues S. DEVPURA, H. DAI, J.S. THAKUR, R. NAIK, A. CAO, A. PANDYA, G.W. AUNER, Wayne State University, F. SARKAR, W. SAKR, Karmanos Cancer Institute, V. NAIK, University of Michigan-Dearborn — Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among men. The mortality rate for this disease can be dramatically reduced if it can be diagnosed in its early stages. Raman spectroscopy is one of the optical techniques which can provide fingerprints of a disease in terms of its molecular composition which changes due to the onset of disease. The aim of this project is to investigate the differences in the Raman spectra to identify benign epithelium (BE), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and adenocarcinoma of various Gleason grades in archived bulk tissues embedded in paraffin wax. For each tissue, two adjacent tissue sections were cut and dewaxed, where one of the sections was stained using haematoxylin and eosin for histological examination and the other unstained adjacent section was used for Raman spectroscopic studies. We have collected Raman spectra from 10 prostatic adenocarcinoma dewaxed tissue sections using Raman microscope (785 nm excitation laser). The data were analyzed using statistical methods of principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis to classify the tissue regions. The results indicate that Raman Spectroscopy can differentiate between BE, PIN and Cancer regions. S. Devpura Wayne State University Date submitted: 02 Dec 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


In conditions of mandatory action in health care and continuos domination of existing needs versus their indulgence, the idea of the need for success is being observed from a broader perspective than completion of determined health functions. Optimizations of performances in health care are connected to optimization and wholesomeness of the health itself, within the acceptable degree of efficiency in execution, which practically comes up to the maximum execution of the main function of health care within the defined area. To achieve primary health care goals, in relation with their volume and contents, health institutions have at their disposal various measurements of active policy which are used to improve performances, and which will manifest as an advancement of the health benefits.


The lysophospholipid (LPL) mediators lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) are generated by enzymatic cleavage of stores of glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelin, respectively, in membranes of stimulated cells. LPLs are albumin bound, distributed widely in mammalian tissues, and increased in concentration by physiological activation of platelets and some other cells, tissue injury, inflammation, and neoplasia. The principal effects of LPA and S1P are growth related, including induction of cellular proliferation, alterations in differentiation and survival, and suppression of apoptosis. LPA and S1P also evoke cellular effector functions, which are dependent on cytoskeletal responses such as contraction, secretion, adhesion, and chemotaxis. The extracellular mediator activities of LPLs are transduced by subfamilies of G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), of which the most completely characterized are those encoded by the endothelial differentiation genes (edgs). One homology cluster composed of Edg‐1, ‐3, and ‐5 recognizes and responds to S1P, and the other cluster of Edg‐2 and ‐4 is dedicated to LPA. Edg proteins are developmentally regulated and differ in tissue distribution, but couple similarly to multiple types of G‐proteins to signal through ras and mitogen‐activated protein kinase, rho, phospholipase C, and several protein tyrosine kinases. Numerous interactions between glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are observed in their biosynthetic and signaling pathways. Many of the cellular effects of LPA and S1P are attributable to modifications in the content and/or activity of a major functional protein. Examples are increases in nuclear levels of transcription factors that regulate the serum response element, suppression of death caspase activities in apoptosis, and elevation of membrane content of heparin binding–epidermal growth factor‐like growth factor, which serves as an autocrine and juxtacrine stimulus of proliferation. These ubiquitous LPL mediators of cellular growth, differentiation, and activities thus act directly through complex subfamilies of GPCRs and by regulating expression of biologically critical proteins.—Goetzl, E. J., An, S. Diversity of cellular receptors and functions for the lysophospholipid growth factors lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1‐phosphate. FASEB J. 12, 1589–1598 (1998)


This paper studies in detail the state evaluation and typical damages of Steel and composite structures(concrete plus steel) of the National Roadway Network , without include seismic evaluation. The studies is based in the inventory and the inspections made by the Colombian Government's Roads Institute (Invias) since 1996, throughout the Colombian Bridge Management System (Sipucol). This paper is divided in two parts: the first one presents a brief description of the different types of steel bridges and composite structures based on the Sipucol inventory module and the second one presents the state and typical damages of the main components. Of the 244 steel and composite structures bridges of the National Roadway Network, they presents structural deficiencies, widespread and partial corrosion, infiltration, not appropriate unions details, presence of fatigue problems in the unions and poor quality in welded unions. It is considered that this paper will be the base for a further and more comprehensive investigation of structures that are vital in the road infrastructure like the bridges, in order to advance in the detailed inspection including seismic vulnerability analysis, and conservation of steel bridges topics. Keywords: Types of bridges, steel bridges, typical damages, visual inspection, corrosion and fatigue


Introduction TRD is a highly disabling condition, often responsible for chronic clinical course, high number of relapses and elevated suicide risk. Intranasal esketamine is currently the only available pharmacological therapy specifically indicated for TRD, as add-on therapy to antidepressant treatment with SSRI or SNRI. Objectives The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intranasal esketamine associated with CBT in a complex clinical case of TRD, over a six-month follow-up. Methods A 67-year-old patient with TRD was selected for treatment with intranasal esketamine+CBT as add-on to antidepressant therapy. Before each treatment session the HAM-D rating scale was administered. The patient underwent weekly CBT sessions throughout the 6 months follow-up. The effect on physical well-being and social functioning was evaluated by means of Short-Form-Health-Survey-36. Results After the first two administrations of intranasal esketamine the total score on HAM-D decreased by 10 units (from 26 to 16). After 6 weeks of treatment decreased from 26 to 12 with the disappearance of suicidal ideation present at T0. After 6 months the total HAM-D score decreased from 26 to 8. Treatment was well tolerated, with mild adverse effects, confined to the first two hours post-administration. In particular, mild sedation, dizziness, slight transient blood pressure rise were reported, never required medical intervention and resolved spontaneously during the observation period. Conclusions Intranasal esketamine add-on therapy + CBT was an effective and safe treatment allowing to achieve and maintain symptomatic remission in a complex case of TRD, improving quality of life, social functioning, and reducing suicidal ideation over a six-month follow-up. Disclosure No significant relationships.


TH E Zuozhuan contains two dozen references to the Zhouyi R 8 or stalkcasting divination (shi 3)in accounts dated 672 to 485 B.c.' About two-thirds of these describe efforts to interpret the hexagrams and line statements of the Yi.Even at that time, we may be gratified to learn, the Yiwas not easy to understand. I take these attempts to grapple with a difficult text as my object of study. First I will examine ten of these cases in detail. Then I will draw some general conclusions regarding the nature of the Zhouyi and the usefulness of the Zuozhuan to its investigation.


In the early stages of the digital investigation of cyber crime, digital evidence is inadequate, decentralized and fragmented. Cyber crime investigation model based on case characteristics is presented in this paper, to help determine investigation orientation and reduce investigation area. Firstly, purifying and filtering the digital evidence collected, classification and acquirement of event sets are accomplished. Secondly, a method of imperfect induction is applied to analyze the event sets and construct one or more premises, and combining with the case characteristics extracted from the legal requirements, inference and its reliability are given. Finally, through a case analysis of network pyramid sales, the initial practice shows the model is feasible and has a consulting value with cyber crime investigation.


Abstract There has been increasing interest regarding the use of passive air samplers as tools for monitoring organic pollutants in the atmosphere. In this study we report results obtained from passive air samplers that were deployed in both indoor and outdoor environments across the City of Fairbanks, AK, for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during winter 2009. It is demonstrated that the passive air samplers provide reliable data for the gas-phase PAHs. Results for particulate-phase isomers, however, are more variable and thus likely to be less reliable. For instance, the use of passive air samplers in indoor environments does not appear effective for distinguishing between homes with and without wood stoves, largely due to discrepancies associated with measuring particulatephase PAHs. Consequently, it is suggested that the passive air samplers should not be used for assessing indoor exposures to particulate-bound pollutants. Nevertheless, air concentrations obtained from active air samplers indicate that PAHs in air are dominated by the gas-phase isomers, resulting in good agreement between the active and passive air samplers for outdoor air. The average passive indoor air concentrations for ΣPAH20 are observed to be slightly higher than passive outdoor air concentrations, at 55 and 26 ng m-3 respectively. Concentrations in outdoor air for the City of Fairbanks are reported to be an order of magnitude lower during 2009 than during the winter of 1976/77, when they were last reported. Snow data for the PAHs are reported as a complement to the air concentration data, showing similar isomer patterns between air and undisturbed snowpack samples. Snow samples collected from snow dump collection sites are reported to be 25 times greater than nearby undisturbed snow, and are dominated by the particulate-phase PAHs. Recommendations for future monitoring of snowmelt from the snow dump collection sites are suggested.


Abstract As a basic experiment in warm cloud electrification, evaporating large drops were studied as they floated in an ion-rich environment in a vertical wind tunnel. The drops were found to acquire a positive charge during their evaporation, a result in agreement with previous studies by Takahashi (1973).


We consider the computation of rigorous lower and upper error bounds for the optimal value of linear programming problems. The input data of the lp-problem may be exactly given or may vary between given lower and upper bounds. The results are then verified for the family of lp-problems with input data inside these bounds. In many cases only a small computational effort is required. For problems with finite simple bounds, the rigorous lower bound of the optimal value can be computed with O(n2) operations. The error bounds can be used as well to perform a sensitivity analysis, provided the width of the uncertainties is not too large. Some numerical examples are presented.


The seeding year's growth of alfalfa, ladino clover and birdsfoot trefoil has been shown to be essentially free of estrogenic activity. Uninterrupted second-year growth of alfalfa and ladino clover displays relatively high activity in the spring, little or none in mid-summer, and an intermediate level of activity in the autumn. Sequential cutting leads to a modification of this pattern. The presence of slight activity in birdsfoot trefoil and the absence of activity in orchard grass has been demonstrated.


Electroluminescence studies of n-GaP (100) and (111) surfaces have been carried out by hole injection using the cationic components of two selected redox systems, 10-methylphenothiazine (10-MP/10-MP+*) and thianthrene (Th/Th+*). The luminescence has been studied as a function of electrode potential at cathodic bias. The results are quantitatively in good agreement with expectations based on band edge positions, determined from differential capacitance data. In contrast to the behaviour observed in aqueous solution, stable luminescence has been observed over a wide range of negative potentials. This is believed to be a consequence of avoiding the surface transformation which occurs in connection with the reduction of protons, generating efficient centers for radiationless recombination. The spectral distribution of the emitted light suggests that the luminescence originates from the same sub-band-gap transitions as reported from aqueous studies.


Glacial erratics of high-grade metamorphic and plutonic rocks occur on the northern coast of Peary Land on the edge of the Arctic Ocean. Crystalline terrain is not exposed in Peary Land; sample sites are 250 km distant from the present-day Inland Ice which covers the nearest potential source - the Greenland shield. The dominant till clasts are locally derived from a northern ice-cap that coalesced during the late Wiscon- sinian glacial maximum with the Inland Ice at about 82°30'N.
Recent Quaternary mapping by the Geological Survey of Greenland failed to locate crystalline erratics in northernmost Peary Land; consequently prominence is given to early observations. The present paper describes a collection of erratics made in 1969. Conveyance mechanisms, viz. ice-cap regime (glacier or ice-shelf) contra drifting ice (icebergs or sea ice) are discussed and possible transportation paths are summarised.
Based on rock type and mineralogy, the Greenland shield is the most likely source of the erratics and derivation from an expansion of the Inland Ice around eastern Peary Land the most logical glacial model. However, such a provenance contravenes with the presently available on-shore data which indicate an eastwards Weichselian ice flow along the coast. Instead of invoking a rather complicated glacial history for Peary Land, involving different land ice regimes, an alternative glacial model based on an extensive Greenland - Ellesmere Island ice-shelf is outlined.


A new power transformer protection scheme based on equivalent excitation impedance is proposed to improve the performance of transformer protection. Firstly, the equivalent excitation impedance is defined and analyzed. Analysis of characteristics of transformer equivalent excitation impedance shows that the equivalent excitation impedance fluctuates sharply in a power frequency period when inrush current occurs in transformer; when internal faults occur, the equivalent excitation impedance drops to a lower level and the fluctuation is small; when normal operation or external faults occur, the equivalent excitation impedance is large and the fluctuation is small. Therefore the transformer protection scheme is constructed using the mean square error and mean of the equivalent excitation impedance, which is calculated by the half-wave Fourier algorithm. PSCAD simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Without obtaining internal parameters of the transformer, the proposed scheme can discriminate inrush current from internal faults fast and accurately.


The Stone Rehabilitation Service has already been described in this journal (Shield, 1998). This article now explains further progress in operationalising the concept of rehabilitation review within NHS respite care.


Aim/purpose – The aim of this study is to empirically investigate the influence of money supply on inflation in Nigeria. The study was borne out of the curiosity to reexamine the immediate cause of the alarming rate of inflation in Nigeria which is adversely affecting the general welfare of Nigerian populace. Design/methodology/approach – The study employed co-integration test and error correction approach on annual time series data spanning from 1970 to 2016 to ascertain both the long run and short run dynamics relationship among the variables under consideration. Findings – The results showed that money supply does not considerably influence inflation both in the long and short run possibly because the country is in recession. The error correction model has the correct sign of negative and it is significant meaning that about 21% of the errors are corrected yearly. The Granger causality outcome demonstrates that, there is no causality between money supply and inflation in Nigeria within the study period and vice-versa. Research implications/limitations – The implication of this is often that there are different economic conditions which are key determinant of inflation in Nigeria. The study recommends that the government should diversify the economy, minimise importation by encouraging local production of products and services. The Central Bank of Keji Sunday Department of Economics Faculty of Social Sciences Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria firstname.lastname@example.com Ditimi Amassoma, Keji Sunday, Emma-Ebere Onyedikachi 6 Nigeria should guarantee an exchange rate policy that is essentially determined by the state of the economy and not by speculators being a net importation economy. Also, the Central Bank of Nigeria should look inwards into the current interest rate and see how it can be regulated in such a way that will encourage private and foreign investors to be able to invest in the country. This in turn, successively increases income, infrastructure development and economic growth at large. Originality/value/contribution – This paper has been able to confirm that money supply is not a key factor that trigger up inflation in Nigeria.


A high frequency AC power drive system for induction motor is introduced in order to improve the performance of electric vehicle(EV) drive system.The suggested system consists of high frequency(HF) resonant inverter,HF transformer and HFAC pulse density modulation (PDM) converter.The inverter changes battery DC voltage into AC signal with 20 kHz,which is distributed as power sources for different equipment in EV by the transformer.Using zero voltage switching the PDM converter allows low distortion synthesis of single AC for induction motor drive system.From the theoretical analysis and simulation results,the proposed configuration permits flexibility in the choice of voltage levels in the EV,freedom from acoustic noise,and possesses high efficiency,faster system response,less penalty to bulky components and higher energy density.


PROF. A. SMITS, in a letter in NATURE of Jan. 2, 1926, announced the possibility of transmuting lead into thallium and mercury. In the December number of Zeits.f. Elektrochem. these experiments are described in more detail by Smits and Karssen. They used a quartz tube, furnished with two steel electrodes with carbon points, which dip down into the liquid lead. The amount of lead used is about 900 grams, which is kept liquid in a side tube all the time. When an experiment is performed, the tube is tipped and the lead is brought over into the main tube. The arc which is burning between two inner surfaces of lead is either continuous or intermittent, the main consideration being to obtain as high a current density as possible. The first method gave strong spectroscopic evidence of mercury and thallium after 10 hours' burning at ±35 amp. The second is the so-called sparking method, in which a current of 60–100 amp. can pass through the tube at the make of the arc, that is, when the tube is short-circuited through the liquid lead. Here all the mercury lines, even the very weak ones, were present after 9¼ hours' sparking.


Light Field camera is a kind of device which uses a microlens array to record the four-dimensional light field information in the scene and matches the light with the CCD to realize the function of image refocusing according to given relationship. In this paper, we apply the microlens array in the underwater microscopy system and use microscopic objective, microlens array and CCD to construct an underwater light field microscope. We improve microscopy system which has small depth and is difficult to focus and evaluate effect of microlens array on light field sampling and resolution of refocused images at different positions. In the experiments, we calibrate camera, confirm the magnification and field size and take some photos of marine plankton in the experimental environment.


The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of subjective well-being in the countries participating in the European Social Survey (ESS) in 2012 as well as changes its level in comparison with 2006. In the construction of indicators, Geneva method was used, which allowed comparison of the level of subjective welfare and its various aspects in different countries. Also the level distance of the perceived welfare for its each components was examined. This was measured from their maximum positive level on the scales used in the test measurement. In addition to the comparative analysis of the level of welfare and the changes in the countries participating in the ESS, also its distribution inequity was assessed. Furthermore, using the method of correspondence analysis, the author conducted comparative analysis of subjective well-being profiles of countries participating in the ESS.

http://ws.stat.gov.pl/WS/2015/2/WS_02_2015__01_Tomasz PANEK — Analiza porównawcza subiektywnego dobrostanu w Europie.pdf


Mining of regular patterns in dynamic networks finds immense application in characterizing the local properties of the networks, like behaviour (friendship relation), event occurrence (football matches). They in then are used to predict their future trends. But if they do not entail weight and direction aspects of the dynamic network, there can be loss of several significant details, such as strength of a relationship or event, specification of the person responsible for it in a relationship, winning or losing in case of events. To the best of our knowledge, no work has been reported yet to extract regular patterns that take into account weight and direction aspects of dynamic networks. We thus propose a novel method to mine regular patterns in weighted and directed networks. In the proposed method, different snapshots of the dynamic network are taken, and through the concept of Regular Expression, we obtain repetition rule for each of: occurrence sequence, weight sequence, direction sequence and weight-direction sequence. For each of these four categories, edges having same rule are grouped to obtain evolution patterns. To ensure the practical feasibility of the approach, experimental evaluation is done on the real world dataset of Enron emails. The results obtained show that, 2.39%, 6.92%, 9.96% and 1.81% of the edges are found to be regular on weight, direction, occurrence and weight-direction respectively.


Background and Hypothesis
It has been reported in several recent studies that health disparities associated with COVID-19 infection r are prevalent in Black and impoverished populations. The contribution of multiple causes to these disparities is still not completely elucidated. Gary, Indiana has a large Black population (80%), high number of residents living below the poverty line (34%), and high unemployment rate (20%). We hypothesized that Black individuals in Gary have a higher rate of positive cases, hospitalizations, and deaths than non-Black individuals. Also, we hypothesized that (median household income measured by the zip code) is negatively correlated with COVID-19 positive cases, hospitalizations, and deaths.

Methods
In collaboration with the Gary Health Department, we analyzed data on all positive cases in the city from 06/16/2020 through 06/07/2021(totally 5149 cases). We compared this data to the data from 03/16/2020 through 06/16/2020 (totally 724 cases) that we analyzed previously. Data was de-identified and included age, race, ethnicity, and zip code.  The data was analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test and regression analysis.

Results
When compared to the non-Black population in Gary age and population-adjusted rates of hospitalizations and deaths in the Black population are 3-fold (p<9.385E-11) and 2-fold (p<0.0171) higher, respectively. Surprisingly, the non-Black population had a higher infection rate than the Black population (p<2.69E-09). Median household income of a zip code is negatively correlated with COVID-19 hospitalizations in that zip code (R2=0.6345, p=0.03), but is does not affect the .rates of infections and deaths.

Conclusion
Our data show that in Gary, there is a clear health disparity of both income and race, specifically in the context of COVID-19. IUSMNW and Gary health officials can collaborate and utilize this data to reallocate resources to the highly populated, low income, and predominantly Black neighborhoods.


Background People diagnosed with von Willebrand disease (VWD) have reduced quality of life versus the general population, and there is limited evidence of increased rates of anxiety and/or depression among people diagnosed with VWD. Aim To understand the association between VWD and mental health outcomes. Design and Setting A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD database (1988–2016). Methods People diagnosed with VWD were matched 1:10 to randomly selected people in the database without VWD based on sex, birth year ±2 years, CPRD record start year ±2 years, and general practice attended. Individuals were followed from VWD diagnosis or match date to censoring (first event date, CPRD end date, or death). Treated anxiety and treated depression were identified by a diagnostic Read Code and a prescription for anxiety/depression medication recorded within 90 days of each other, after VWD diagnosis/match date. Results Treated anxiety was recorded in 89 of 1119 (8.0%) people diagnosed with VWD and 624 of 10,423 (6.0%) without VWD (age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.71). Treated depression was recorded in 119 of 1083 (11.0%) people diagnosed with VWD and 846 of 9845 (8.6%) without VWD (adjusted IRR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.11–1.63). Females aged 20–39 and 0–19 years were at greatest risk for treated anxiety and treated depression, respectively. Conclusion Higher rates of treated anxiety and depression were observed among people diagnosed with versus without VWD, predominantly in young females.


Cyril of Alexandria (d. 444) is best known for his contribution to the forging of christological doctrine, hammered out in his debates with Nestorius and in the volatile exchanges surrounding the Council of Ephesus (431). Cyril is also appreciated for his extensive trinitarian writings, in which he takes up and develops the anti-Arian theology of his predecessor, Athanasius. But Cyril's soteriology, and more precisely his theology of transformation and divinization, has not received the broad attention it deserves.


Height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and weight for height are reported for 2210 parents of a random sample of school children in Shiraz, Iran. Weight for age and weight for height centiles have been computed by the Healy, Rasbash and Yang's nonparametric method and are presented graphically. The Iranian adults are taller and heavier than previously reported for people in the region but are smaller than European and US white adults. The distribution of BMI is broadly similar to that reported for UK adults but curves corresponding to BMI-constant, i.e. weight proportional to height, cut across the centiles of weight for height.


It is well known that the routine use of principal component analysis with correlation matrices may cause problems in the interpretation of results. Armstrong and Soelberg (1968) illustrated how one might be led to interpret components of intercorrelations among random normal deviates, the expected values of which were zero. As suggested by Kaiser (1960), they rotated only those components with corresponding eigenvalues greater than one and obtained an ostensibly good structure. The authors pointed out, however, that any interpretation of "meaningfulness" of these components would be erroneous and recommended that measures of reliability accompany principal component procedures. Tobias and Carlson (1969) demonstrated that such inappropriate analyses can be guarded against by prior application of Bartlett's test of sphericity. The test statistic is computed by the formula: [ N 1 ) 1/6 (2P+ 5)] loge \R\, where N is the sample size, P is the number of variables and \R\ is the determinant of the correlation matrix. For large N the statistic is approximately distributed as chi square with 1/2P {P — \) degrees of freedom and has the associated hypothesis that the sample correlation matrix came from a multivariate normal population in which the variables of interest are independent. Tobias and Carlson argued that failure to reject should preclude analysis via principal components and illustrated that the probability was .55 that the matrix analyzed by Armstrong and Soelberg was a sample from an uncorrected population. They recommended that correlation matrices not be


A microscopic theory of collective and independent·particle motion in many· fermion system is developed in the framework of the classical theory. The basic idea is an extention of the conventional time-dependent Hartree-Fock method with the use of fermion coherent state representation. Equation to determine collective path and constraints to govern the collective and the independent-particle variables are given. Hamiltonian and other physical quantities given with the original fermion variables are rewritten to the forms expressed in terms of the collective and the independent-particle variables.


In this paper a theoretical analysis of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) position servo system is discussed based on the inherent structure of SRM. Because of large step angle of SRM the position precision is influenced. A microstep control strategy is proposed in this paper to decrease the step angle and improve the position precision. A fuzzy logic based controller is designed to realize the position control. Simulation shows that this method can effectively improve the positioning precision of the position servo system and can reduce the torque ripple.


Various educational institutions around the world have undergone a paradigm shift from onsite to online teaching-learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The shift has propelled both educators and learners to adapt to technology in a new learning environment. Educational institutions have likewise partnered with different tech companies for instructional delivery. This paper intends to investigate the teachers' readiness in delivering e-learning; the depth of learners' e-learning experience; the challenges encountered in e-learning, and the satisfaction of teachers and learners on the practices implemented using various e-learning dimensions. The study reveals that online teaching experience, readiness in implementing e-learning, practices on various e-learning dimensions and challenges encountered in e-learning have a positive impact on the evaluation of e-learning effectiveness. Further, online learning experience and implementation of e-learning satisfaction have positive relationships to the evaluation of e-learning effectiveness. In both teachers' and learners' perspectives, the challenges encountered in e-learning bear a negative impact. It was also found that there is no significant difference between the teachers' and learners' evaluation of e-learning effectiveness. Through the findings, e-learning implementation will be enhanced along the areas of policy development, staff training, infrastructure upgrade, and learner support.


Background and Aims. The complex structure of the lignocelluloses is the main obstacle in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into valuable products. Ionic liquids provide the opportunities for their efficient pretreatment for biomass. Therefore, in this work, pretreatment of corn stalk was carried out in ultrasonic-assisted ionic liquid including 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl, 1-H-3-methylimidazolium chloride [HMIM]Cl, and 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-imidazolium chloride [HSO3-pMIM]Cl at 70°C for 2 h. We compared the pretreatments by ionic liquid with and without the addition of deionized water. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze the chemical characteristics of regenerated cellulose-rich materials. Results. [HMIM]Cl and [HSO3-pMIM]Cl were effective in lignin extraction to obtain cellulose-rich materials. FTIR analysis and SEM analysis indicated the effective lignin removal and the reduced crystallinity of cellulose-rich materials. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose-rich materials was performed efficiently. High yields of reducing sugar and glucose were obtained when the corn stalk was pretreated by [HMIM]Cl and [HSO3-pMIM]Cl. Conclusions. Ionic liquids provided the ideal environment for lignin extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stalk and [HMIM]Cl and [HSO3-pMIM]Cl proved the most efficient ionic liquids. This simple and environmentally acceptable method has a great potential for the preparation of bioethanol for industrial production.


Aim To evaluate the effect of subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery(SEPS) with operation in treatment of patients with venous ulceration of the leg.Methods 76 patients with varicose vein of lower limbs with a total of 82 lower limbs underwent SEPS with concomitant surgery.Three therapeutic entities were included:group A,moderate and severe primary valvular incompetence(39 limbs) :SEPS combined with external banding valvuloplasty of superficial femoral vein and high ligation and stripping of varicose vein;group B,mild primary valvular incompetence(24 limbs) :SEPS combined with EVLT;group C,The ulcerations were recurred on patients who had ligation and stripping of varicose vein(19 limbs) :SEPS combined with EVLT.Results All symptoms and varicose veins disappeared after SEPS.Ulcers healed in 14 to 60 days in 76 patients,ulcers reduced in size markedly in another 2 cases.Conclusion Subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery for venous ulcers of limbs is minimally invasive,and safe with complications a satisfactory result.


The high-precision time-interval measurement based on delay line is presented in this paper,the high-precision synchronization circuit is designed. The FPGA chip is used for the actual measurement in order to achieve a time measurement which precision is 1ns. Finally,the experimental data and the actual measurement error analysis are presented.


1. Cutaneous reflex responses have been recorded in human first dorsal interosseous and extensor digitorum brevis muscles following electrical stimulation of the digital nerves of the index finger and second toe respectively.


Debris bed coolability is one of the important tasks of severe accident research. The key problem to study is, whether decay heat can be completely removed by the coolant ingress into the bed. Two different types of particles were used to investigate coolability of particulate beds at VTT, Finland. The first type is irregular-shape Aluminum Oxide gravel particles whose sizes vary from 0.25 mm to 10 mm, which were employed in the STYX experiment program (2001-2008). The second type is spherical beads of Zirconium silicate whose sizes vary between 0.8 mm to 1 mm, which were used in the COOLOCE tests (Takasuo et al., 2012) to study the effect of multi-dimensional flooding on coolability. In our earlier study at KTH, the same types of particles were used. POMECO-FL and POMECO-HT facilities were employed to obtain the effective particle diameters and the dryout heat flux of the beds made up to these two types of particles. The work was intended to check the effect of heater's orientation and diameters on the dryout heat flux. In the present work, the data from COOLOCE are compared with that of POMECO-FL and POMECO-HT. Initially the effective particle diameters obtained from both the experiments are discussed, which is followed by the dryout heat flux comparison. It also includes the discussion over the possible factors (heaters' geometry and porosity) affecting the coolability of the bed.


Tourism has been an expanding market since the first travel agency started in the middle of the 18'Th century, and today it is a global industry, with intensified competition and high demands from ...


The article discusses the problems of using software for project management and calculating the complexity of design work on the example of planning projects for the production of software products. Approaches to using project management standards and the project subject area to form a work breakdown structure, calculating the complexity of individual work packages and the project as a whole are investigated, requirements for integration software are formulated.


Larval behaviors and physical forcing mechanisms contributing to the transport of Dun- geness crab Cancer magister megalopae into inlets have been determined for many areas along the coastlines of Washington, Oregon and California, but have never been examined in Alaska. In 2004 and 2005, we observed transport of C. magister megalopae into Glacier Bay through patterns of depth, spatial and temporal variation among 3 sites located at 8, 12 and 18 km from the Bay's mouth using light traps. At each site, 96.5 to 99.4% of megalopae were captured by traps positioned within 1 m of the surface, and few were captured in traps within 1 m of the bottom (10 m depth). Megalopae abundance decreased with increasing distance from the mouth of Glacier Bay, with the highest abun- dance captured in Bartlett Cove, followed by the South Beardslee Islands, and very few megalopae were captured in the North Beardslee Islands. Transport processes were correlated with proxies for lunar cycle, tidal amplitude, maximum sustained wind speed and interactions among these effects. Few megalopae were captured at any site during 3 ⁄4 and full moon periods. High megalopae abun- dances in Bartlett Cove were associated with new to 1 ⁄ moons and tidal amplitudes of 300 to 499 cm. Pulses of megalopae in the South Beardslee Islands occurred during new and 1 ⁄ moons with tides of 500 to 599 cm and moderate winds. Variation in megalopae supply to sites in lower Glacier Bay may be explained by differences in hydrodynamics, even among sites separated by less than 10 km.


Fossil plant life extension involves many strategic considerations that require analysis on a system-wide basis and include corporate level perspectives. This study of life extension strategies indicates there are substantial differences between utilities that will influence both the most desirable evaluation approach and life extension decisions. Historical and projected O and M practices can be expected to become a central issue in assessing the costs for maintaining unit availability and in determining justifiable levels of expenditures for extending life. The costs can be categorized to facilitate the evaluation process, as major modifications and component replacements have the highest potential for influencing decisions to extend plant life. Replacement capacity and energy values provide a reasonable basis for determining breakeven project values for priority ranking of units. Scenario analyses are suggested as an approach for assessing alternate strategies and evaluating risks and corporate impacts of life extension decisions. A case study of Consumers Power Company indicates that life extension is a desirable alternative for customers and investors, alike. Advantages and disadvantages, however, must be weighed in more detailed studies that would be necessary to recommend specific plant or unit modifications for life extension purposes. 29 figs., 41 tabs.


Summary The microbiological method for the determination of folate in plant foods uses the growth response of folate-dependent Lactobacillus rhamnosus in extracts that have been enzymatically treated to release the bound vitamin. However, the use of cryoprotected cultures is hampered by low recovery of the microorganism after extended frozen storage times. In this study, growth of L.rhamnosus was enhanced using a microaerophilic enrichment procedure and optimal pH conditions and enzyme reaction times were determined for the release of bound folate in spinach. Optimum pH values for the release of bound folate in spinach samples treated with a-amylase or protease were 3.0 and 4.0, respectively. Although treatment with a-amylase had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on measured folate, addition of protease at pH 4.0 significantly (P 6 0.05) increased the release of folate at an optimum incubation time of 8 h. Therefore, a dual-enzyme treatment (protease and conjugase) is sufficient to determine folate content in spinach.


was referred to me on September 27, 1974 with a diagnosis of a malignancy of the proximal tibia. The boy had been running 40 to 50 miles per week for the past 2 months and developed a slow onset of knee pain, approximately 4 weeks betibia, probably primary osseous, R/O osteomyelitis.&dquo; The case was then referred for surgery! The boy complained of knee pain with weightbearing and could no longer run. He was afebrile


The present invention discloses a paper pulp with aspen chip production method of a composite enzyme solution, which is characterized by enzyme components were weighed, mixed tank after complex preparation, preservation, testing, packaging and stored in the warehouse 5 ℃, its use in enzymatic pulping of aspen sheet after pretreated paper stock is fed digester; the components of the enzyme is alkaline pectinase, xylanase, mannanase and ligninase treatment, i.e. starting material with enzyme soaking, enzyme treatment conditions are: a temperature of 40 ℃ ~ 60 ℃, the absolute dry mass ratio of the raw material and enzyme solution was 100: 1.2 to 1.8, dip enzyme for 30 to 80 minutes; enzymatic treatment after cooking in the cooking pot, high enzyme activity of the components of the present invention, and the composite of each component in the enzyme solution for enzyme crystalline cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose had no activity; compared with the traditional chemical pulping methods, with a base reducing the amount of about 50%, wastewater COD content reduced by 30%, about 20% of the production costs, and improving the quality of the paper product. CCTCC NO: M 2010004 20100111 CGMCC NO: 5466 20111117 CGMCC NO: 6226 20120615 CGMCC NO: 6225 20120615


Image segmentation is the most important step in extracting information from medical images. Segmentation of pulmonary Chest Computed Tomography (CT) images is a precursor to most of the pulmonary image analysis schemes. The purpose of lung image segmentation is to separate the voxels corresponding to lung tissue from the anatomy of the surrounding. In this paper, an automated image segmentation method has been proposed inorder to segment the region of interest present in the CT Lung slices. The proposed approach utilizes Fuzzy logic with Earth Mover's Distance (FEMD) based refinement methods. The final segmented output is further refined by morphological based operators. The performance of the proposed method is compared with various segmentation methods such as Canny Sobel and Prewitt and we have obtained an average segmentation accuracy of 79.4091% for segmenting CT lung images.


New research on magnetic bacteria suggests that their protein function could be regulated by some strange choices made due to the DNA code written for these proteins. A team from Indian Institute of Technology in New Delhi has proposed that even though some proteins in such bacteria might speak the same primary language, it's the dialect — the DNA code — that actually affects their eventual function.1 The findings could have far reaching implication in evolutionary biology as well as in utilizing recombinant biotechnology for production of biomaterials.


New media shape the intensity of intercultural contacts not only through content consumption but also through content creation with modern technologies. Enabling citizens to participate in the content exchange via the Web 2.0 paradigm (audiences as both media consumers and media creators, which is prevalent in modern online services) results in greater than ever before heterogeneity of modern societies. This study demonstrates an application of portable multimedia devices (smartphones) for content creation and sharing in the context of situated, in-the-field cultural diversity investigation aimed at intercultural competence development in the context of local environment, i.e. a location familiar to students. The paper shows how m-learning can be employed to create new forms of acquiring knowledge by application of mobile devices in Linguistic Landscape examination of multilingualism. The application is shown from the pedagogical perspective of situated, authentic, informal learning tasks conducted in the framework of connectivism. This study presents a ready-made scenario of m-learning activities that demonstrate that cultural awareness is often biased by personal perspectives and stereotypes. Conducting such activities results in the change of learners' attitudes toward other cultures, which is a sound staring point for further intercultural competence development.


In order to simulate the coordination of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in humanitarian relief, we propose a theoretical framework for the emergence of collaborative projects and corresponding coalitions. In this framework, NGOs are represented as autonomous and heterogeneous agents who are embedded in social networks. They interact with each other in various ways, deliberatively identify collaborative projects they would like to work on, and form coalitions for collaborative projects. The impacts of several social network factors are also incorporated into the coordination framework.


In 2002, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that because they are less culpable and less able to deliberate about their behaviors, the execution of mentally retarded offenders exceeded the prevailing standards of decency (Atkins v. Virginia). Based on this rationale, and with increasing concerns over wrongful convictions and the execution of innocent defendants, some questioned whether the Court's decision could also apply to juvenile offenders. In March 2005, the majority of the justices determined that executing adolescent offenders violated the Eighth Amendment (Roper v. Simmons). This article reviews (a) recent court decisions on the death penalty, (b) citizen and student opinions on juvenile executions, and (c) comparative policies on juvenile executions. The authors also discuss the politics of the death penalty and the consequences of Roper on juvenile justice policy.


Study Design Intraoperative recording of somatosensory‐evoked potentials is useful for monitoring spinal cord tolerance during spinal fusion with instrumentation. Volatile anesthetic agents are known to have prominent suppressive effects on somatosensory‐evoked potentials. This study evaluates the effect of intrathecal administration of opioid, consisting of morphine sulfate and sufentanil, on somatosensory‐evoked potential monitoring. Objectives To study the effect of different anesthesia techniques on somatosensory‐evoked potentials during spinal fusion. Summary of Background Data The effect of intravenous narcotic administration on somatosensory‐evoked potentials has been well studied and reported. This study shows the effect of intrathecal opioids on somatosensory‐evoked potentials. Methods Ten patients scheduled for spinal fusion with Cotrel‐Dubousset instrumentation were induced with thiopental and maintained with intrathecal morphine sulfate (20 μg/kg) and sufentanil 50 μg, supplemented with isoflurane 0.5% air and oxygen. Routine monitoring was done, including arterial line and continuous somatosensory‐evoked potentials. Anesthesia was maintained constant, with a mean blood pressure of 55 mm Hg. Normocarbia and normothermia were maintained. Baseline somatosensory‐evoked potentials were recorded using bilateral posterior tibial nerve stimulation, with constant somatosensory‐evoked potential monitoring after the induction of anesthesia. Results There were no significant changes in either latencies or amplitudes in cortical somatosensory‐evoked potentials after opioid injection at any time during the surgical procedures. Conclusions Somatosensory‐evoked potential monitoring was possible in all patients undergoing extensive spinal surgery. Intrathecal opioid anesthesia with low concentrations of isoflurane in air and oxygen seems to have no effects on somatosensory‐evoked potentials.


The present contribution is an attempt at showing that Tocqueville's conception of liberty transcended the divisions between negative and positive aspects of freedom. The author starts by juxtaposing it with the opposition drawn by Constant between liberty of the ancients and liberty of the moderns. While Tocqueville and Constant shared a concern for the preservation of indi- vidual rights, as Claude Lefort has rightly pointed out, Tocqueville was much more reluctant to accept the modern loss of the communal dimension of liberty. He did not accept the view that jouissances privees, private pleasures, are the main compensation that the modern world has to offer for the lost ancient treasure of political participation. The article then looks into the relevance of Tocqueville's standpoint for current debates between liberal defenders of negative freedom and republican advocates of freedom as non-domination. Opponents in this discussion seem to be so devoted to demonstrating that their particular approach provides the best guarantees against any threats to liberty, both factual and potential, that they overlook the fact that their definitions of freedom remain significantly similar. By arguing that "to be free is to be guided by one's own will" contemporary republicans, as well as their liberal counterparts, move along the lines drawn by Constant and towards private pleasures. By questioning the inevitability of this turn, Tocqueville provides us with a valuable contribution to crucial discussions in contemporary political philosophy.


As the central control part of LonWorks technology,neuron chip can conveniently extend the system with the simple I2C bus function under limited resources.I2C bus communication technology,LonWorks neuron chip FT3150 and port extension chip PCF8574 are introduced in this paper.A port extension application example between FT3150 and PCF8574 is presented according to the designing of hardware and the programming of software.


This paper discusses the application of a self-organizing neural network to the problem of constructing adequate, 2D appearance-based models of 3D objects. The problem of basing recognition on such models is characterised as that of approximating the multivariate function mapping shapes of an object to its identity. The domain of this function is described as a set of hypersurfaces in the space of possible shape representations. A novel representational scheme is introduced based on storing values of geometric relationships between pairs of shape features in a histogram. A network architecture capable of constructing function approximations based on such shape representations is presented. Finally, methods for assessing the accuracy of approximation are detailed.


Insecticide efficacy for Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) control rapidly decreases due to genesis and development of resistance. Resistance causes harmful impact to both, economy and ecology. Resistance monitoring has one of the most important roles in avoiding these problems. Early detection and resistance monitoring could prolong use of insecticides. Colorado potato beetle resistance monitoring to endosulfan was conducted. Test insects were collected from nine localities that cover all regions in Serbia. The first generation adults of both sexes and third instar larvae were tested for differences in susceptability between populations and life stages. The data suggest the possible unique mode of resistance to endosulfan, considering narrow intervals of resistance ratios. Significant differences of susceptibility between life stages were determined. Larvae were more susceptible and this could be important for control of this pest.


Smart devices are becoming more sophisticated with increased capabilities while they remain a relatively low-cost technology. Also, many of these smart devices rely on the prevalence of high-speed wireless networks, including 4G cellular networks. With the Internet of Things, every object can retrieve information from the environment and then manage and share that information with other devices or users. The IoT aims to the synergy of computational and physical components, specifically the use of cyber-physical systems (CPSs), led to the advancement of Internet of Things implementations. CPSs introduce cooperation among elements of the cyber and physical space, by integrating computational resources. CPSs often support real life processes and provide operational control of Internet of Things objects, which allow physical devices to sense the environment and modify it. In this paper mainly concentrate on cyber physical system, theoretical foundation, automotive scenario, Medical cyber-physical systems and Education and training challenges in the era of cyber physical systems.